Base Station and Railway Route Monitoring and Warning System

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and method for using the network sensing capability of 5G-Advanced / 6G networks to detect rail deformations, foreign objects on the track, and the presence of people and animals near the tracks in real time along railway routes, thereby enhancing train safety.

Description

1 TARIFF Base Station and Railway Route Monitoring and Warning System Technical Area 5 The invention enables network sensing capabilities of 5G-Advanced / 6G networks along railway routes. along with rail deformations, foreign objects on the track, and people near the track and its use in real-time detection of animal populations, and thus It relates to a system and method for improving train safety. 10 State of the Art Rail transport, with its high passenger and freight carrying capacity, is an important part of countries' transportation infrastructure. It constitutes a critical component. Rail 15 is essential for the safe operation of railway routes. preserving its integrity, preventing the presence of foreign objects or people / animals on the line Timely detection is of vital importance. Throughout history, rail deformations have occurred. rocks or trees falling onto the tracks, people or animals trying to cross the tracks Railway accidents caused by this situation have resulted in heavy loss of life and property. Currently, all railway lines, which span vast geographical areas, are monitored in real-time and continuously. monitoring, rail deformations, foreign objects on the track and human / animal There are no cost-effective, widely available systems that can detect its presence at an early stage. The most common method is for periodic maintenance teams to perform a physical inspection on the production line. Although used as such, this approach reduces deformations that may occur between two maintenance rounds. 25 or it is unable to detect foreign objects entering the track in time. Placed on the rail Traffic meters and sensors can only take measurements at specific points, not on wide routes. It falls far short of covering everything. Line monitoring is possible via camera systems, but this is not possible at night and / or on weekdays. Camera systems in low visibility conditions due to weather conditions such as fog and rain Image quality deteriorates rapidly, making accurate detection difficult. There is no clear view. In certain situations (tunnels, curves, bridges, etc.), camera systems become completely inoperable. It is coming. Extensive along thousands of kilometers of railway lines. Camera infrastructure installation and maintenance have increased in terms of both investment and operational aspects over the last 35 years. This results in extremely high costs. A secondary problem with camera systems is that they are very... 2 Because it can capture detailed images, due to increasing personal privacy and confidentiality regulations. The problem is that these systems cannot be installed everywhere and may create legal issues. In conclusion, due to the negative aspects described above and the current solutions being the subject of discussion... Due to its shortcomings, it has become necessary to make improvements in the relevant technical field. 5 Purpose of the Invention The invention represents a new breakthrough in this field, unlike the structures used in existing technology. It aims to create a structure with different technical specifications that bring about different results. 10 The main purpose of the invention is to achieve "Integrated" functionality, which is one of the core capabilities of 5G-Advanced / 6G networks. Using "Sensing and Communication" technology, rail systems are being developed along railway routes. deformations, foreign objects on the track, and people / animals near the track real-time detection of its presence and enhancement of train safety 15 to provide. Another objective of the invention is to create a fundamental component of the existing 5G-Advanced / 6G mobile network infrastructure. By using competent network sensing technology, additional costs (camera systems, lines) are avoided. (sensor infrastructure laid along the entire length, etc.) without having to fold the wide railway routes 20 The aim is to ensure real-time and continuous monitoring. Another objective of the invention is network detection via radio signals. thanks to factors that obstruct visibility such as dust, rain, fog, night, and lack of light. The aim is to provide a system that can operate without being affected by conditions; such as tunnels and curves, where visibility is not required. Even in situations where no such object is present, radio signals can penetrate the object that obstructs vision. The goal is to offer a system that can function thanks to its feature of only detecting RF signals reflected from the environment. By analyzing and working on it, it has a negative impact on personal privacy and confidentiality. The goal is to offer a system that doesn't create problems; a 5G-Advanced / 6G base station with network sensing technology. Railway route monitoring and 30 working together with a mobile network infrastructure consisting of stations. The aim is to provide a warning system; a warning module with a rail condition and foreign object detection module. The aim is to offer a system consisting of 2 modules; rail condition and foreign object detection module. with rail deformations along the railway route, foreign objects on the track and the presence of people / animals near the line is detected in real time by the network's detection feature. The aim is to enable detection; 35 will be monitored with the rail condition and foreign object detection module. Location information for railway routes, information on critical points along the route. 3 and the database contains basic information about the base stations to be used for wireless sensing. Its purpose is to store and update it; when a threat is detected, the alert module will activate. By recording information about the type, location, and magnitude of the threat in the database, the relevant train The operator ensures that warning notifications are transmitted to the track maintenance and safety units; to the rails and Damage to critical railway infrastructure points (bridge piers, tunnel entrances, level crossing posts, etc.) 5 Detection using small metal corner RF reflectors positioned in a way that will not emit RF light. by strengthening the reflection of the signal back to the base station, thus reducing signal delay. to ensure reliable calculation of changes; a rail in the position of the reflector Even a slight change resulting from deformation can affect the connection between the base station and the reflector. This leads to a difference in the distance between them and consequently a change in signal delay. The purpose is to detect deformation by opening it; foreign objects on the line and the line itself. Signal strength, delay, and angle of incidence of RF signals from nearby human / animal presence The aim is to detect it through changes in its parameters; network sensing. The aim is to provide a railway route tracking method using technology; mobile network operator by providing both communication services along the railway route and 15 Using integrated network sensing capabilities, rail deformations and line... Real-time detection of foreign objects and the presence of people / animals near the line. To be detected as such, 5G-Advanced / 6G base stations need to be installed and commissioned. The aim is to ensure that; rail deformation is detected in order to increase the reliability of rail deformation detection. and metal 20 to critical railway infrastructure points (bridge piers, tunnel entrances, crossing posts, etc.) The goal is to ensure that the corner RF reflectors are positioned in a way that will not cause damage to the railway. Track condition and foreign object detection system running on the route monitoring and warning system server. Location information of railway routes to be monitored using the route detection module, route information regarding critical points along the route and the base to be used for wireless sensing basic information of the stations (base station location, altitude, 25 that it needs to detect the railway section, whether it is critically important for monitoring, another one in the region (whether the base station covers the same area in terms of detection, etc.) to ensure; operational parameters of the network sensing service to be implemented (detection reliability level, deformation and object position resolution, RF signal) (threshold values ​​for changes in parameters) configuration rail condition and foreign body 30 The goal is to complete the process using the detection module; rail condition and foreign object detection. The module enters information and operational parameters of the sensing service for the railway. After recording the route tracking and warning system database, the parameters in line with this, network sensing service is continuously provided along the railway route. By running it, the RF signal parameters (signal strength, delay, angle of incidence) are continuously monitored. 35 The aim is to ensure that the rail condition and foreign object detection module's metal corner 4 Signal delay parameters are determined via RF signal reflections from reflectors. by calculation, a change above a certain threshold value indicates rail deformation. when observed, the location and size of the deformation along the railway route The purpose is to detect; the RF signal of the rail condition and foreign object detection module. 5 on the line based on changes in its parameters (signal strength, delay, angle of arrival) the presence of foreign objects (rocks, trees, vehicles, etc.) and human / animal movements near the line Its purpose is to detect in real time; rail condition and foreign object detection. module detected threat (rail deformation, foreign body or human / animal) information regarding the existence of the threat (type of threat, location on the railway route, size) The goal is to ensure that the information regarding the detected threat is recorded in the database; the warning module will then record this information in 10 (the type of threat, its location along the route, its size, and its effect on trains traveling in it) (distance) as a warning notification to the relevant train operator, track maintenance and safety units. to communicate and take the necessary measures (train slowing / stopping, track cleaning team) The goal is to ensure that they receive assignments, etc. Figures that will help understand the invention. Figure 1 shows the general architecture of the system that is the subject of the invention. Explanation of Part References 1. Railway Route Monitoring and Warning System Server 20 2. Rail Condition and Foreign Object Detection Module 3. Warning Module 4. Railway Route Monitoring and Warning System Database 5. Mobile Network Operator 6.5G-Advanced / 6G Base Station 25 7. Railway Route 8. Metal Corner RF Reflector 9. Warning Notification Detailed Description of the Invention 30 This detailed explanation describes the preferred configurations of the system and method that are the subject of the invention. purely for the purpose of better understanding the subject and without any limiting influence. It will not create. The invention relates to the network sensing capability of 5G-Advanced / 6G networks in railways. Rail deformations along the routes, foreign objects on the track and line 35 In the real-time detection of the presence of people and animals in the vicinity. a system and method for its use and thereby increasing train safety It is related to the core technology used in network sensing, base stations and / or users. Reflected and scattered RF (radio) waves are sent into and received back from the environment by equipment. parameters of (frequency) signals such as signal strength, delay, Doppler effect, and angle of incidence The number, position, speed, direction of movement, geometric and material characteristics of the objects in the environment are processed. The goal is to extract its characteristics. The proposed system would extend the railway network across vast geographical areas. Early detection of rail deformations in networks, foreign objects on the track and Real-time monitoring of human / animal presence near the tracks by the relevant train operator. and timely warning of security units, thus preventing possible train accidents. The goal is to surpass it. 10 Rail transport, with its high passenger and freight carrying capacity, is an important part of countries' transportation infrastructure. It constitutes a critical component. Rails are essential for the safe operation of railway routes. preserving its integrity, preventing the presence of foreign objects or people / animals on the line Timely detection is of vital importance. Historically, rail deformations have occurred in 15 rocks or trees falling onto the tracks, people or animals trying to cross the tracks Railway accidents caused by this situation have resulted in heavy loss of life and property. Currently, all railway lines, which span vast geographical areas, are monitored in real-time and continuously. monitoring, rail deformations, foreign objects on the track and human / animal 20 There are no cost-effective, widely available systems that can detect its presence at an early stage. The most common method is for periodic maintenance teams to perform a physical inspection on the production line. While it is used in this way, this approach prevents deformations that may occur between two maintenance rounds. or it is unable to detect foreign objects entering the track in time. Placed on the rail Traffic meters and sensors can only take measurements at specific points, not on wide routes. It falls far short of covering everything. Line monitoring is possible via camera systems, but this is especially true at night and / or during nighttime conditions. Camera systems in low visibility conditions due to weather conditions such as fog and rain Image quality is rapidly degrading, making accurate detection difficult. 30 where clear vision is not available. In certain situations (tunnels, curves, bridges, etc.), camera systems become completely inoperable. It is coming. Extensive along thousands of kilometers of railway lines. Camera infrastructure installation and maintenance are crucial in terms of both investment and operational aspects. This results in extremely high costs. A secondary problem with camera systems is that they are very... Because it can capture detailed images, due to increasing personal privacy and confidentiality regulations, 35 The problem is that these systems cannot be installed everywhere and may create legal issues. 6 The invention addresses one of the core capabilities of 5G-Advanced / 6G networks: "Integrated Sensing and..." Using "communication" technology, rail deformations along railway routes, line Real-time detection of foreign objects and the presence of people / animals near the line. This will enable the identification of the network and improve train safety. The idea behind this technology, also known as sensor-as-network or sensor-as-sensor, is 5 the operator's mobile network infrastructure for both communication and sensing purposes (the environment and The goal is to enable it to use (to detect objects within) this dual functionality simultaneously. Its use is making wireless systems more efficient and versatile, and is leading to innovative solutions. This opens the way. For network sensing to work, the objects to be detected must be active. 10 objects (objects registered with the network, capable of sending and receiving signals to base stations) There is no need for it. As a result, for network communication on / in it. Objects that are not devices (people, animals, rocks, trees, vehicles, tracks, etc.) can also be used with this technology. It can be detected thanks to this. As a basic working principle, it is detected by a transmitter in the environment. RF (radio frequency) waves are transmitted and their reflections are collected by a receiver in the medium. By processing the parameters of the signals (signal strength, delay, Doppler effect, angle of incidence), 15 the number, position, speed, direction of movement, geometric and material properties of surrounding objects It performs its sensing function by being removed. The meeting was held in collaboration with companies that currently provide communication services along the railway route. Network detection feature integrated into 5G-Advanced / 6G base stations 20 with rail deformations, foreign objects on the track, and people / animals near the track Real-time detection of its presence will be possible. In rail deformation detection, the rails and It will not damage critical infrastructure points (bridge piers, tunnel entrances, bridge pillars, etc.). Small metal corner RF reflectors will be used, positioned in a specific way. These reflectors will be used for detection. By strengthening the reflection of the RF signal back to the base station, the signal delay is reduced by 25%. This will enable reliable calculation of changes in the position of the reflector. Even a slight change caused by rail deformation can affect the connection between the base station and the reflector. This leads to a difference in the distance between them, and consequently a change in the signal delay. Opening it will allow for the detection of deformation. Foreign objects on the line. Objects and the presence of people / animals near the line affect the signal strength, delay, and 30 of the RF signals. This will be detected through changes in the angle of incidence parameters. Railway route tracking using network sensing technology has many benefits. It incorporates this feature. Primarily, the invention already exists in 5G-Advanced / 6G mobile technology. Because it uses network sensing technology, which is a core capability of network infrastructure, this method 35 without incurring additional costs (camera systems, sensor infrastructure laid along the line, etc.) 7 This will enable real-time and continuous monitoring of extensive railway routes. Another important feature of the method is that it overcomes visibility issues such as dust, rain, and fog. Unlike camera systems, which are quickly affected by conditions such as nighttime or lack of light, radio Network sensing performed via signals does not work under these conditions. It continues. Even in situations where visibility is poor, such as tunnels and bends, radio 5 It is able to work thanks to its signals' ability to penetrate objects that obstruct its view. This is possible. Furthermore, this method only analyzes RF signals reflected from the environment. Because it is a job, it does not have a negative impact in terms of personal privacy and confidentiality. The invention involves a 5G-Advanced / 6G base 10 with network sensing technology. Railway route monitoring and working together with a mobile network infrastructure consisting of stations. A warning system is in place. The system provides warnings via a rail condition and foreign object detection module. It consists of 2 modules: Rail condition and foreign object detection module. rail deformations, foreign objects on the track, and along the railway route The network's detection feature can detect the presence of people / animals near the line in real time. It is responsible for identifying the railway routes to be followed by the module. location information, information on critical points along the route, and wireless sensing. It stores and updates basic information about the base stations to be used in the database. Warning The module, when a threat is detected, provides information about the type, location, and size of the threat. By recording it in the database, a warning notification is sent to the relevant train operator, track maintenance and safety units. 20 It transmits. One preferred application of the invention is a railway route monitoring and warning system. alert via rail status and foreign object detection module (2) running on server (1) Module (3) is available. Rail condition and foreign object detection module (2), railway 25 along route (7) the network detection feature detects rail deformations on the line the presence of foreign objects (rocks, trees, vehicles, etc.) and people / animals near the line is real. It is responsible for timely detection. Accordingly, the module will track the railway. location information of their routes (7), critical points along the route (bridges, tunnels, (Passages, bends, etc.) information and 30 base stations to be used for wireless sensing (6) basic information (base station location, height, railway section to be detected, whether it is of critical importance in terms of monitoring, another base station in the region (whether it covers the same section in terms of perception, etc.) railway route tracking and The warning system stores and updates the database (4). Necessary for the detection service. operational parameters (detection reliability level, deformation and object position 35 8 resolution, RF signal parameters change threshold values) again by this module (2) It is managed. Warning module (3) when the rail condition and foreign object detection module (2) makes a detection in cases (rail deformation, foreign objects on the track or people / animals near the track 5 (presence) information regarding the type, location and extent of detection is provided by railway route tracking and by recording it in the warning system database (4) the relevant train operator, line maintenance and safety It transmits a warning notification (9) to the units. The warning notification (9) describes the type of threat detected, the railway its location on route (7), its size and the trains traveling on the line It includes the distance. 10 Railway route monitoring and warning system database (4), railway route monitoring and Rail condition and foreign object detection module (2) running on the warning system server (1) with the operational parameters of the warning module (3) (location of railway routes (7) information, critical points, base station (6) information, RF signal threshold values) and outputs 15 (time of detected rail deformation, foreign object or human / animal presence, This is the database where the location, type and size, and history of transmitted alerts are recorded and updated. The mobile network operator (5) integrates on the installed 5G-Advanced / 6G base stations (6) Using the network detection feature, track 20 along the railway route (7) deformations, foreign objects on the track, and people / animals near the track mobile network infrastructure that generates the necessary data for real-time detection of its presence He is the operator. 5G-Advanced / 6G base station (6), 25 located within the 5G-Advanced / 6G mobile network infrastructure. Equipped with network sensing functionality through "Integrated Sensing and Communication" technology, the railway It is a base station established along route (7). Railway route (7), network detection of rail deformations, foreign objects on the line Objects and the presence of people / animals near the tracks are monitored in real time, and train 30 The railway line and its surroundings are the area where security needs to be ensured. Metal corner RF reflector (8), on rails and critical railway infrastructure points (bridge piers, These small metal objects are placed in a way that will not cause damage (to tunnel entrances, passageway posts, etc.). reflectors enhance the reflection of the sensing RF signal back to the base station (6) 35 Signal delay, which is the main parameter in calculating the rail deformation dimension. 9 This ensures that the change is reliably detected. In the position of the reflector (8), a Even a small change caused by rail deformation can affect the base station (6) and the reflector (8) the difference in distance between them and therefore the delay of the sensing signal This allows for the detection of deformation by causing a change in the structure. Warning notification (9) is sent by the warning module (3) about rail deformation, foreign object on the track. or when human / animal presence is detected near the line, the type of threat, route (7) regarding its location, size and distance from the trains that are traveling on it This information is sent as an urgent warning message to the relevant train operator, track maintenance and safety units, and the line It is transmitted as a location map with marked locations. 10 In a preferred application of the invention, a railway route monitoring and warning system is used. The steps involved in the process are as follows: Communication 15 along the railway route (7) by the mobile network operator (5). to provide services and by using integrated network sensing capabilities rail deformations, foreign objects on the track, and people / animals near the track 5G-Advanced / 6G base stations (6) for real-time detection of presence It is installed and put into operation. To increase the reliability of rail deformation detection, rails and critical railway components are examined. RF metal corner protectors for infrastructure points (bridge piers, tunnel entrances, crossing posts, etc.) The reflectors (8) are placed in such a way as not to damage them. Rail status and 25 running on the railway route monitoring and warning system server (1). Location of railway routes (7) to be monitored using foreign body detection module (2) information, information on critical points along the route, and wireless sensing. Basic information of the base stations to be used (6) (base station location, height, the section of the railway that needs to be detected, whether it is critically important from a monitoring perspective, another base station in the area covers the same section in terms of detection and 30 (not included, etc.) is entered. Operational parameters of the network detection service to be implemented (detection reliability) Level, deformation and object position resolution, threshold change for RF signal parameters. 35 using the rail condition and foreign body detection module (2) configuration (values) It is completed. Rail status and foreign body detection module (2) entered information and detection service operational parameters of the railway route monitoring and warning system database (4) records and detects network along the railway route (7) in accordance with the parameters. By continuously running the service, it monitors the RF signal parameters (signal strength, delay, arrival time). (angle) constantly monitors. 5 Rail status and foreign object detection module (2) RF from metal corner reflectors (8) It calculates signal delay parameters from signal reflections and ray when a change above the threshold value indicating deformation is observed Determines the location and extent of the deformation along the railway route (7). 10 Rail condition and foreign object detection module (2) RF signal parameters (signal strength, delay, angle of approach) changes through foreign objects (rock, tree, vehicle, etc.) on the track It detects the presence of (etc.) and human / animal movements near the line in real time. Rail condition and foreign body detection module (2) detects the threat (rail deformation, 15 Information regarding foreign objects or the presence of humans / animals (type of threat, railway route) (7) records the position and size of the data in the database (4). The warning module (3) provides information about the detected threat (type of threat, route (7)). (location, size and distance to trains in transit) relevant train operator, line 20 It transmits the warning notification (9) to the maintenance and safety units and the necessary measures (train This allows for measures such as slowing down / stopping traffic, deploying line cleaning teams, etc.

Claims

11 REQUESTS 1. It is a railway route monitoring and warning system, the feature of which is; • along the railway route (7) with network detection feature, rail deformations, line Real-time detection of foreign objects and the presence of people / animals near the line. (7) location of the railway routes to be followed, which is responsible for determining the location of the railway routes to be followed. information, information about critical points along the route, and for wireless sensing. storing the basic information of the base stations (6) to be used on the database (4) and updating, managing operational parameters required for the detection service, rail status and Foreign body detection module (2), 10 • information about the type, location, and size of the threat when a threat is detected by recording it in the database (4) alert the relevant train operator, track maintenance and safety units. The alert module (3) transmitting the notification (9), • Rail status and running on the railway route monitoring and warning system server (1) Operational parameters of the foreign body detection module (2) and the warning module (3) and 15 Railway route monitoring and warning system where outputs are recorded and updated. database (4) It includes.

2. It is a railway route monitoring and warning system compliant with System 1, and its feature is; to the tracks and critical 20 The detection RF signal is placed in a way that will not damage railway infrastructure points. by strengthening the reflection back to the base station (6) changes in signal delay It contains a metal corner RF reflector (8) which enables reliable calculation.

3. Railway route monitoring and warning system compliant with System 1, its feature is; 5G-Advanced / 25 The network is equipped with "Integrated Sensing and Communication" technology, which is part of the 6G mobile network infrastructure. Base station (6) installed along the railway route (7) with sensing function It includes.

4. Railway route monitoring and warning system in accordance with System 1, its feature is; network 30 Detection of rail deformations, foreign objects on the track and near the track real-time monitoring of human / animal presence and ensuring train safety. It includes the railway route covering the required railway line and its surroundings (7).

5. It is a railway route monitoring and warning system compliant with Request 1, and its feature is; installed 5G-35 Network sensing that works integrated on Advanced / 6G base stations (6) 12 Using its feature, the rail deformations along the railway route (7), on the line Real-time detection of foreign objects and the presence of people / animals near the line. The mobile network operator (5) includes the data that is necessary for its implementation.

6. It is a railway route monitoring and warning method, and its feature is; 5 • communication by the mobile network operator (5) along the railway route (7) to provide services and by using integrated network sensing capabilities rail deformations, foreign objects on the track, and people / animals near the track 5G-Advanced / 6G base stations for real-time detection of their presence (6) establishment and commissioning, 10 • To increase the reliability of rail deformation detection, rails and critical railway Placement of metal corner RF reflectors (8) at infrastructure points in a way that will not cause damage, • Rail status and running on the railway route monitoring and warning system server (1) Location of railway routes (7) to be monitored using foreign body detection module (2) information, information regarding critical points along the route, and 15 for wireless sensing Entering basic information of the base stations to be used (6), • operational parameters of the network detection service to be implemented using the rail condition and foreign body detection module (2) of its configuration completion, • Rail condition and foreign object detection module (2) entered information and detection service 20 operational parameters of the railway route monitoring and warning system database (4) After recording, along the railway route (7) in accordance with the parameters By continuously running the network detection service, we constantly monitor RF signal parameters. to do, • Rail condition and foreign object detection module (2) RF 25 from metal corner reflectors (8) by calculating signal delay parameters from signal reflections when a change above a certain threshold value is observed, indicating deformation to determine the location and size of the deformation on the railway route (7), • Changes in the RF signal parameters of the rail condition and foreign object detection module (2) via the track, the presence of foreign objects on the track and people / animals near the track 30 detecting their movements in real time, • Rail status and foreign body detection module (2) information on the detected threat saving to the database (4), • The warning module (3) sends information about the detected threat to the relevant train operator, line maintenance and to transmit the warning notification (9) to the security units and to take the necessary measures 35 The process involves ensuring the process is completed by step.

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