Ophthalmological interposition implant with engagement protrusion

Abstract

The invention relates to an ophthalmological implant (20) containing a uveocompatible body (22) for permanent interposition between the sclera and uveal tissue, characterized by the fact that the body of the implant (20) contains three dimensions in space, namely a length and a width perpendicular to each other and a thickness, the body of the implant contains a first edge called the anterior edge (24) and a second edge called the posterior edge (26) located opposite the anterior edge (24) relative to the body (22), designed to be directed toward the anterior chamber of the eye in contact with the ciliary muscle root, the anterior edge has at least one projection (32) directed outwards from the body (22) to ensure at least one local contact of the said projection on the ciliary muscle root in a projection view in the plane containing the width and length.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an interpositional ophthalmic implant intended to collect aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to the supra-ciliary and supra-choroidal space in order to permanently lower intraocular pressure (IOP).

[0002] Intraocular pressure results from a balance between the secretion of aqueous humor by the ciliary body and its outflow through the trabecular meshwork of the corneoscleral sclera via Schlemm's canal and its drainage pathways to the aqueous veins and the general circulation. A fraction of this outflow, varying from 5 to 30% depending on age, occurs directly through the uveal trabecular meshwork between the sclera and the ciliary body; this is known as uveoscleral outflow. The longitudinal fibers of the ciliary muscle, particularly during accommodation, play a role in tensioning the trabecular meshwork, which facilitates the uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor. It is also through these longitudinal fibers of the ciliary muscle that the uveoscleral flow occurs.

[0003] In glaucoma, the outflow of aqueous humor is reduced at the corneoscleral trabecular meshwork, which in most cases leads to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). Lowering this IOP is therefore the determining factor in the medical and / or surgical treatment of glaucoma. Surgical treatment is based on two possibilities: reducing the production of aqueous humor by the ciliary body (cyclo-weakening) or increasing the outflow of aqueous humor by diverting it. This diverting is performed in different ways: By directly connecting the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space (cyclodilysis and its technical derivatives), the effect obtained is most often transient and insufficient. By detaching the ciliary muscle's insertion from the scleral spur, this implantation technique eliminates the physiological mechanism of uveoscleral outflow in the surgical area. Furthermore, postoperative fibrosis extends beyond this area. It is also known that the portion of the implant located in the anterior chamber can contact the corneal endothelium, even intermittently, thus leading to a significant risk of progressive corneal edema. This can be achieved by incising the trabecular meshwork from the anterior chamber to Schlemm's canal to bypass the trabecular obstruction. This procedure can be complemented by the placement of an open stent in the canal, directed towards the anterior chamber, to maintain continuous direct access of aqueous humor to the canal.Here too, the results are often partial and temporary, and do not exempt one from continuing or resuming medical treatment.

[0004] Filtering surgery remains a standard treatment and aims to divert aqueous humor beneath the conjunctiva to achieve the necessary pressure reduction. It can create a permanent, full-thickness opening in the trabecular meshwork under a scleral flap: a trabeculectomy. One variation leaves the inner part of the trabecular meshwork in place; this is called non-penetrating trabecular meshwork surgery (deep sclerectomy, viscocanalostomy).

[0005] However, filtering surgery has complications related to insufficient filtration due to fibrosis of the filtration bleb (the filtration bleb is present between the sclera and the conjunctiva which is lifted) or, conversely, excessive filtration which may be related to the intraoperative use of mitomycin C.

[0006] Furthermore, numerous attempts to normalize intraocular pressure (IOP) using implants, either in conjunction with the aforementioned surgical procedures or used alone, are well known in the current state of the art. However, these implants all distort the anatomy of the eye to varying degrees and / or divert / modify the natural drainage pathways. Moreover, these implants are designed to match the dimensions of a standard eye; they do not adapt to the anatomical variations found in nature.

[0007] It is known in particular from document WO 2016 / 156727 A1 to implant an intraocular implant allowing to increase and make permanent the hypotensive effect of the physiological uveoscleral outflow by interposing, between the sclera and the ciliary body, an implant which does not alter the anatomical structures, with or without added intervention, filtering or otherwise.

[0008] The implant described in document WO 2016 / 156727 A1 comprises a body with an anterior border designed to be positioned as close as possible to the uveal trabecular meshwork when the implant is placed between the sclera and the ciliary body. This anterior border is concave and forms an edge that allows for continuous, linear contact between the anterior border and the ciliary muscle and its tendon at its insertion on the scleral spur. This geometry ensures, in particular, close contact with the drainage area of ​​the uveal trabecular meshwork.

[0009] One drawback identified with this type of interpositional ophthalmic implant having linear and continuous contact with the uveal trabecular meshwork, such as that described in WO 2016 / 156727 A1, is that the ophthalmic implant blocks part of the aqueous humor flow due to the close contact between the tissues and the implant. A permanent interpositional ophthalmic implant according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from US 7207965.

[0010] Another drawback of this type of ophthalmic implant is that it cannot adapt to the anatomical variability found in patients. In particular, it has been observed that the diameter of the anterior chamber of the eye can vary between 10.75 mm and 13.75 mm in patients. Thus, the performance of the ophthalmic implant may depend on the patient's anatomy.

[0011] Therefore, there is a need for an ophthalmic implant that does not present the disadvantages mentioned above. In particular, there is a need for an ophthalmic implant that better promotes the outflow of aqueous humor from the uveal trabecular meshwork while maintaining good anterior positioning and adapting to different patient anatomies.

[0012] To this end, the invention proposes a permanent interpositional ophthalmic implant between the sclera and the uveal tissue, characterized in that the implant comprises a uveocompatible body, formed of a single part, the body having three dimensions in space, namely a length and a width that are perpendicular to each other and to a thickness, the body of the implant comprising a first edge, called the anterior edge, intended to be oriented towards the anterior chamber of the eye in contact with the root of the ciliary muscle, and a second edge, called the posterior edge, opposite the anterior edge with respect to the body. Given the desired position of the implant, the anterior edge of the implant can only be in contact with the posterior wall of the root of the ciliary muscle. The anterior wall of the root of the ciliary muscle is located in the anterior chamber and constitutes one of its boundaries.The use of the term "in contact with the root of the ciliary muscle" as used in this document should be understood as "in contact with the posterior wall of the root of the ciliary muscle".

[0013] The anterior border presents, according to a view in projection in the plane containing the width and the length, at least one outgrowth oriented towards the outside of the body to allow at least one local contact of said at least one outgrowth on the root of the ciliary muscle.

[0014] An implant geometry that induces local contact between the anterior edge and the root of the ciliary muscle allows a space to be created between the body of the implant and the root of the ciliary muscle, promoting the release of aqueous humor from the uveal trabeculum and its flow towards the ciliary body and the sclera.

[0015] Furthermore, local contact, whether single or multiple, allows the anterior edge to adapt to different patient anatomies. Indeed, it is easier for the implant to position itself against the root of the ciliary muscle despite variations in the diameter of the anterior chamber.

[0016] The term "local contact" refers to the fact that only a portion of the anterior border is intended to be in contact with the root of the ciliary muscle. Thus, the anterior border is shaped in such a way that there is no contact with the root of the ciliary muscle along its entire anterior border.

[0017] The invention relates to a permanent interposition ophthalmic implant according to claim 1.

[0018] Dependent claims include embodiments of the invention. Brève description des dessins

[0019] The attached drawings illustrate the invention: [ Fig. 1 ] represents a very schematic general view showing, from the front, a possible embodiment of an implant according to the invention positioned around the cornea of ​​an eye. Fig. 2 ] represents a detailed view of an anterior edge of an implant according to the invention comprising a plurality of protrusions allowing contact with the root of the ciliary muscle of the eye. Fig. 3 ] represents a detailed view of an anterior edge of an implant according to the invention comprising a plurality of protrusions forming portions of a contact edge extending along circular trajectories having different radii of curvature. Fig. 4 [ ] represents a side view of an implant according to the invention, the thickness of whose anterior edge is thinned relative to the body of the implant. ] Fig. 5 [ ] represents a side view of an implant according to the invention, the thickness of whose anterior edge is thinned relative to the body of the implant, the anterior edge also forming a local thinning on an inferior or superior face of the implant. Fig. 6 ] represents a first example of the embodiment of the anterior edge of an implant according to the invention comprising an outgrowth. Fig. 7 ] represents a second example of an embodiment of the anterior edge of an implant according to the invention comprising an outgrowth. Fig. 8 ] represents a third example of an embodiment of the anterior edge of an implant according to the invention comprising two protrusions. Fig. 9 ] represents a fourth example of an embodiment of the anterior edge of an implant according to the invention comprising two protrusions. Fig. 10 ] represents a fifth example of an embodiment of the anterior edge of an implant according to the invention comprising two protrusions. Fig. 11 ] represents a sixth example of an embodiment of the anterior edge of an implant according to the invention comprising two protrusions. Fig. 12 ] represents a seventh example of an embodiment of the anterior edge of an implant according to the invention comprising a plurality of protrusions. Fig. 13 ] represents an eighth example of an embodiment of the anterior edge of an implant according to the invention comprising a plurality of protrusions. Fig. 14 ] represents a ninth example of an embodiment of the anterior edge of an implant according to the invention comprising a plurality of protrusions forming portions of contact edges extending along circular trajectories of different radii of curvature. Fig. 15 [ ] represents, in a very schematic way, the placement of an implant according to a first method. ] Fig. 16 [ ] represents, in a very schematic way, the placement of an implant using a second method. ] Fig. 17 ] represents a schematic view of a possible simplified general shape of an implant according to the invention interposed between the sclera and the ciliary body in a human eye. Fig. 18 ] represents a more detailed and enlarged view of the structure of the iridocorneal angle without the implant of the figure 17 . [ Fig. 19 [ ] represents a top view of an implant comprising several protrusions and an early example of the fabrication of a stinger intended to be inserted into the anterior chamber of an eye. Fig. 20 ] represents an implant comprising a second example of the realization of a stinger. Fig. 21 ] represents an implant comprising a third example of the realization of a stinger. Fig. 22 ] represents an implant comprising a fourth example of the realization of a stinger. Fig. 23 [ ] represents a side view of an implant in which the thickness of the spike is reduced relative to the body of the implant. Fig. 24 [ ] represents a top view of an implant in which the width of the barb decreases from a proximal end attached to the body towards a distal end to facilitate insertion of the barb into the anterior chamber of the eye. ] Fig. 25 [ ] represents a side view of an implant where the thickness of the spike is greater than the thickness of the implant body. Fig. 26 ] represents an implant comprising two prongs intended to be inserted into the anterior chamber of an eye. Fig. 27 [ ] represents, in a very schematic way, the placement of an implant using a third method. ] Fig. 28 [ ] represents a side view of a stinger with a distal perforation point having a beveled edge to allow perforation of the tissues of the ciliary muscle root. ] Fig. 29 [ ] represents a perspective view of an early example of a hollow implant whose upper and lower surfaces are separated by a central cavity. Fig. 30 [ ] represents a perspective view of a second example of a hollow implant whose upper and lower faces are separated by a central cavity. Fig. 31 [ ] represents a side view of the implant of the figure 30 . [ Fig. 32 ] represents a third example of a hollow implant whose upper and lower faces are separated by a central cavity and which features a spike with a beveled distal perforation point. Fig. 33 [ ] represents a side view of the implant of the figure 32 . Description de mode(s) de réalisation

[0020] The concept of the invention is described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the concept of the invention are shown. In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of the elements may be exaggerated for clarity. Similar numbers refer to similar elements in all the drawings. However, this concept of the invention can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are offered so as to make this description complete and to communicate the scope of the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0021] A reference throughout the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in relation to an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearance of the phrase "in an embodiment" in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Moreover, the term "including" does not exclude other elements or steps.

[0022] The present invention is illustrated by means of the figures which show an interpositional ophthalmic implant which is intended to collect aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to the suprachoroidal space to permanently lower intraocular pressure (IOP).

[0023] For the sake of clarity in this presentation, the interpositional ophthalmic implant may be referred to as the "implant" hereafter.

[0024] The implant comprises a uveocompatible body, i.e., made of at least one material known for its uveocompatible properties. Such properties provide the body with very low adhesion to ocular tissues. In other words, this at least one material is not likely to alter the overlying and underlying structures as a result of the body's contact with these structures and their repeated movement over time.

[0025] The implant body has three dimensions in space: a thickness, a length, and a width, all perpendicular to the thickness. The length-to-width ratio can be less than, equal to, or greater than 1. For example, the implant might have dimensions (width, length, thickness) of 4 x 5 x 0.1 mm, or 3 x 7 x 0.8 mm, or 6 x 3 x 0.6 mm. Furthermore, the implant thickness can vary between the anterior and posterior edges, for example, 0.15 mm at the anterior edge and 0.7 mm at the posterior edge. This variation can be gradual, random, along the entire anteroposterior course, and / or localized.

[0026] The implant is preferably formed from a single part, meaning it is a single, monolithic piece. Therefore, the implant is not an assembly of several parts fixed together to form the body.

[0027] The implant body is preferably thin so that, once interposed between the sclera and the uveal tissue, it does not unacceptably deform the overlying and underlying tissues. Acceptable tissue deformation is deformation that does not impair the function(s) of either or both of these tissues. The thickness of the implant body 22 is preferably between 50 and 1000 µm.

[0028] The implant body comprises two opposing edges that are separated from each other along one of two dimensions perpendicular to the thickness. The two opposing edges include an anterior edge and a posterior edge opposite the anterior edge with respect to the body.

[0029] The anterior edge is intended to be oriented towards or facing the anterior chamber of an eye and placed in contact with the posterior wall of the root of the ciliary muscle,

[0030] As depicted in the figure 1 , an eye 10 is represented in front view in a very schematic way by the cornea 12, the pupil 14 in the centre and the root of the ciliary muscle 118. When the root of the ciliary muscle 118 is mentioned in this text, it refers to the posterior wall of the root of the ciliary muscle.

[0031] An implant 20 comprises a body 22 having an anterior edge 24 and a posterior edge 26. Lateral edges 28 and 30 extend on either side of the body between the anterior edge 24 and the posterior edge 26. The geometry of the implant on the figure 1 is schematic. The figure 1 The objective is to define the positioning of implant 20 in relation to the root of the ciliary muscle 118 and to identify the anterior 24, posterior 26 and lateral 28, 30 edges. The geometric characteristics of implant 20 are detailed below.

[0032] The posterior edge 26 is preferably convex. A convex edge describes a curve away from the body 22 of the implant 20, whereas, conversely, a concave edge describes a curve inward or toward the body 22 of the implant 20. Alternatively, the posterior edge 26 may be straight or concave.

[0033] According to one possible embodiment, the convexity of the posterior edge 26 is extended by the lateral edges 28, 30, i.e. without an angle formed between the lateral edges 28, 30 and the posterior edge 26.

[0034] In general (regardless of the implant shape), the posterior edge 26 must be sufficiently far from the anterior edge to provide an effective spreading effect. In practice, the posterior edge is preferably at least 1.0 mm away from the anterior edge.

[0035] In general (regardless of the shape of the implant), the length of the posterior edge 26 does not exceed the length of the anterior edge by more than 50%.

[0036] The lateral edges 28, 30 are symmetrical with respect to each other although, according to an unrepresented variant, they may be asymmetrical with respect to each other.

[0037] The lateral edges 28, 30 can be arranged radially (lateral edges converging at a fictitious point located in front of the anterior edge), flared (lateral edges converging at a fictitious point located in front of the posterior edge) or parallel to each other.

[0038] The body 22 of the implant 20 has two large opposing faces spaced apart according to the thickness of the body 22. These two large opposing faces comprise a superior and an inferior face separated by their thickness. The superior face is intended to be in contact with the sclera. The inferior face is intended to be in contact with the ciliary body.

[0039] The body 22 of the implant 20 can have one of the following conformations in a direction perpendicular to a plane defined by the two dimensions of the implant which are perpendicular to the thickness: The upper face is flat and the lower face is concave, the upper face is flat and the lower face is convex, and both the upper and lower faces are convex, or both the upper and lower faces are flat.

[0040] In one embodiment, the body 22 may be hollow. Thus, the body 22 may form a central cavity between the superior and inferior faces. The central cavity may be open to the exterior of the implant, for example at one or more edges among the lateral edges and the posterior edge. This central cavity is wholly or partially devoid of material, particularly along the anteroposterior distance.

[0041] According to one embodiment of the implant, the body is formed by a plate folded back on itself to create the central cavity between at least two facing portions of this plate. The body can thus be formed by a primarily two-dimensional element, in this case a plate, whose arrangement, in this case a fold, allows for the formation of a three-dimensional body whose thickness is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the two facing plate portions. All or part of the walls of the implant 20, namely the upper and lower surfaces, the lateral edges, and the anterior and posterior edges, can be perforated. In other words, these walls can be made in the form of a mesh creating an alternation of solid material and perforations.

[0042] This mesh can be obtained by material removal or by weaving threads of material. The implant 20 can be fabricated as a plurality of primarily two-dimensional, woven walls forming a three-dimensional envelope enclosing the central cavity. This embodiment, using perforated walls, facilitates the collection and drainage of aqueous humor. The implant 20 may comprise a combination of perforated and solid walls.

[0043] The anterior edge 24 has at least one projection 32 directed outwards from the body 22. Said at least one projection 32 protrudes out of the body 20 in a view projected in the plane containing the width and length, as seen in figure 1 . This outgrowth 32 allows at least one local contact of said at least one outgrowth on the root of the ciliary muscle.

[0044] The term "local contact" refers to the fact that only a portion of the anterior border 24 is intended to be in contact with the root of the ciliary muscle. Thus, the anterior border 24 is shaped such that there is no contact with the root of the ciliary muscle along its entire length.

[0045] The anterior border 24 may include a single projection 32 to simplify the geometry of the anterior border 24 while maximizing aqueous humor collection. This projection 32 is preferably located in a central portion of the anterior border 24 to allow for better positioning of the implant 20 on the ciliary muscle root.

[0046] With reference to the figure 2 The anterior border 24 includes a contact edge 36 which forms the contact area between the anterior border 24 and the root of the ciliary muscle 118. Each outgrowth 32 among said at least one outgrowth 32 includes a portion of contact edge 38 at the level of a distal end 40. When the anterior border includes a plurality of outgrowths 32, the contact edge 36 is formed by the plurality of portions of contact edge 38 borne by the outgrowths 32.

[0047] In the case of a plurality of outgrowths 32, these together form a discontinuous or local contact edge 36. In other words, the contact between the anterior border 24 and the root of the ciliary muscle is discontinuous because it is made by a plurality of portions of the contact edge 38. Furthermore, the contact can be local in that it is not made by the entire anterior border 24 but only by a part of this anterior border 24. Preferably, the contact edge 36 allows for discontinuous and local contact in that the contact is made over a plurality of localized contact areas.

[0048] Increasing the number of contact edge portions 38 allows better positioning and stability of the implant 20 against the root of the ciliary muscle 118 which improves the collection of aqueous humor.

[0049] Said at least one protrusion 32 can be configured to allow at least one point contact on the root of the ciliary muscle. It should be noted that the tissues of the ciliary muscle are flexible and that point contact remains theoretical. By deforming, the tissues will cause contact over a contact area around this theoretical point of contact. A "point" contact is therefore understood to be a contact area located at a portion of the protrusion 32 with a convex or curved profile. Thus, the contact edge portion 38 of said at least one protrusion 32 can have a convex profile allowing theoretical point contact with a spherical surface such as the root of the ciliary muscle.

[0050] The convex profile of the contact edge portion 38 can be achieved by a curved edge or by a plurality of straight edges following a curved profile.

[0051] Said at least one protrusion 32 can be configured to permit at least one linear contact on the root of the ciliary muscle 118. Thus, the contact edge portion 38 of said at least one protrusion 32 can have a straight or concave profile permitting linear contact with a spherical surface such as the root of the ciliary muscle.

[0052] The concave profile of the contact edge portion 38 can be achieved by a curved edge or by a plurality of straight edges following a curved profile.

[0053] Said at least one outgrowth 32 extends along a longitudinal axis A passing through the portion of contact edge 38.

[0054] Said at least one protrusion 32 forms a projection or a notch relative to the body 22, allowing local contact with a convex surface. This projection or notch is preferably separated from the rest of the body 22 by a distance of at least 0.05 mm. This notch value or longitudinal dimension L is measured along the longitudinal axis A between the distal end 40 and proximal end 42 of said at least one protrusion 32.

[0055] Said at least one protrusion 32 may be elongated in shape. Said at least one protrusion 32 has, according to a projection view in the plane containing the width and the length, a transverse dimension T taken at the level of its proximal end 42 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A less than its longitudinal dimension L.

[0056] Alternatively, said at least one outgrowth 32 may be flattened in shape, i.e. present, according to a view projected into the plane containing the width and length, a transverse dimension T taken at the level of its proximal end 42 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A greater than its longitudinal dimension L.

[0057] The lateral walls of said at least one outgrowth 32 may be straight, curved or a combination of straight and curved walls.

[0058] Said at least one protrusion 32 may also have variations in width, i.e. in transverse dimension T, or a geometry allowing said at least one protrusion 32 to deform elastically, i.e. without permanent deformation, along its longitudinal axis A. In particular, this geometry favoring longitudinal elastic deformation may be an S-shape or spring shape.

[0059] More generally, the contact edge 36 defines a contact profile 44 of the anterior border on the root of the ciliary muscle. When the anterior border 24 includes a plurality of outgrowths 32, each portion of the contact edge 38 extends along this contact profile 44.

[0060] The contact profile 44 preferably extends along a concave trajectory to improve contact between the anterior edge 24 and the convex surface described by the ciliary muscle root. The concavity of the trajectory of the contact profile 44 is considered with respect to the implant 20. Thus, a concave trajectory is understood to mean that the contact edge 36 extending along this profile describes a concave contact edge capable of adapting optimally to a convex surface such as the ciliary muscle root.

[0061] The contact profile 44 can extend along a circular path to facilitate implant manufacturing, particularly when machined. Each portion of the contact edge 38 thus extends along a portion of this circular path.

[0062] The contact profile 44 can also extend along different trajectories. For this purpose, the contact profile 44 comprises a plurality of contact profile portions 46 which together form the contact profile 44. A contact profile portion 46 can be carried by one or more contact edge portions 38, i.e., protrusions 32.

[0063] To achieve a good compromise between implant positioning 20 and improved aqueous humor collection, it is possible to form groups of outgrowths 32 extending along the same trajectory, for example, pairs. The anterior border 24 can thus present a first group of outgrowths 32 extending along a first trajectory best suited to a first ciliary muscle geometry, and a second group of outgrowths extending along a second trajectory best suited to a second ciliary muscle geometry. These groups or pairs of outgrowths 32 are preferably distributed along the anterior border 24 to improve the stability of the contact with the root of the ciliary muscle.

[0064] These contact profile portions 46 can extend along different trajectories to obtain a leading edge geometry 24 capable of adapting to multiple surface shapes. Thus, one or more contact profile portions 46 may extend along a first trajectory and one or more contact profile portions 46 may extend along a second trajectory. The trajectories may be of different shapes, different positions, different orientations, or a combination of these attributes. The contact profile 44 can therefore extend successively along straight and / or concave trajectories.

[0065] The contact profile 44 can extend along at least one circular path. Thus, the contact profile 44 can extend along several circular paths. In other words, the contact edge portions 38 of the protrusions 32 can extend along different circular paths.

[0066] According to an advantageous embodiment, the contact profile 44 can extend along circular paths with different radii of curvature. In other words, the contact edge portions 38 of the protrusions 32 can extend along circles of different diameters. It is thus possible to have protrusions 32 whose conformation, particularly their shape and orientation, is adapted to convex surfaces of different radii. Consequently, the anterior edge 24 can adapt to different anatomies, particularly eyes with different anterior chamber diameters.

[0067] These circular trajectories have a center located preferably along the same transverse direction to the front edge 24, following a view in projection in the plane containing the width and the length.

[0068] According to an advantageous embodiment, the anterior edge 24 comprises groups of outgrowths 32 extending along circular paths having different radii of curvature. In other words, the contact profile 44 of the contact edge 36 comprises at least a first profile portion extending along a first circular path having a first radius of curvature and at least a second profile portion extending along a second circular path having a second radius of curvature greater than the first radius of curvature to allow the contact edge to come into contact with ciliary muscle roots having a plurality of possible anatomical radii.

[0069] The first profile portion is formed at a central zone of the contact edge. The second profile portion is located at a peripheral zone of the contact edge. Thus, the second profile portion is positioned on either side of the first profile portion along the contact edge when a plurality of contact edge portions, and therefore of protrusions 32, extend along this second trajectory.

[0070] It has been determined that the diameter of the anterior chamber of the eye can vary between 10.75 mm and 13.75 mm. Thus, the anterior margin 24 is shaped such that at least one radius of curvature of the circular path is greater than or equal to 4.5 mm and less than or equal to 6 mm. Alternatively, or in combination, the anterior margin 24 is shaped such that at least one radius of curvature of the circular path is greater than 6 mm and less than or equal to 7.5 mm.

[0071] Thus, the anterior edge 24 comprises at least one group of protrusions 32 extending along a circular path having a radius of curvature greater than or equal to 4.5 mm and less than or equal to 6 mm and at least one group of protrusions 32 extending along a circular path having a radius of curvature greater than 6 mm and less than or equal to 7.5 mm.

[0072] According to a first configuration, the body 22 of the implant 20 is not elastically deformable and permanently has a curvature in a direction perpendicular to a plane defined by the two dimensions of the implant 20, which are perpendicular to its thickness. Therefore, in this embodiment, the implant 20 is not elastically deformable and may have one or more anatomical curvatures. In other words, the implant 20 can be inserted without elastic deformation into its location against the root of the ciliary muscle.

[0073] According to a second configuration, the body 22 of the implant 20 is elastically deformable so that it can be bent without permanent deformation for manipulation with a micro-instrument or injection using an ophthalmic injection system. When such a body 22 is no longer subjected to the bending force, it returns to its original, undeformed position (rest). In this embodiment, the implant 20 is therefore an elastically deformable implant that can have one or more anatomical curvatures. In other words, the implant 20 is solely intended to be placed in a deformed state for insertion through the tissues.

[0074] According to a third configuration, the body 22 of the implant 20 is elastically deformable, allowing it to be bent without permanent deformation for manipulation with a micro-instrument or injection using an ophthalmic injection system. When such a body 22 is no longer subjected to the bending force, it remains positioned in situ in a deformed state corresponding to the anatomical space between the sclera and the uveal tissue. In other words, the implant 20 is designed to be in a deformed state for its insertion through the tissues as well as during its use against the root of the ciliary muscle.

[0075] When positioned between the sclera and the uveal body, the body 22 of the implant 20 is configured to include at least one radius of curvature of the circular path that is greater than or equal to 4.5 mm and less than or equal to 6 mm. Alternatively, the body 22 of the implant 20 is configured to include at least one radius of curvature of the circular path that is greater than 6 mm and less than or equal to 7.5 mm. These radius ranges apply to each of the three configurations mentioned above. In the third configuration, these ranges apply to the body of the implant 20 when it is in its deformed state and positioned between the sclera and the uveal body. Thus, the body of the implant 20 is suitable for the diverse anatomies of patients' eyes when positioned between the sclera and the uveal body, regardless of the configuration of the body 22.

[0076] The body 22 of the implant 20, in a deformed state suitable for use as an ophthalmic interpositional implant between the sclera and uveal tissue, has a curvature in a direction perpendicular to a plane defined by the two dimensions of the implant that are perpendicular to its thickness. This curvature is preferably concave to best adapt to the patient's anatomy.

[0077] The implant body can be made of a material which has a Young's modulus between 30 and 60 kg / cm2. In this case, the implant body can comprise at least one material which is chosen from the following materials: PTFE, polysiloxane, hydrophilic or hydrophobic acrylate hydrogels.

[0078] Alternatively, the implant body can be made of a material with a Young's modulus between 30,000 and 2,500,000 kg / cm². In this case, the implant body can comprise at least one material chosen from the following: polypropylene, plexiglass, titanium, stainless steel, Nitinol.

[0079] The implant body may have properties that release one or more substances. Such substances include, for example, anti-infective and / or anti-inflammatory agents. These may include antibiotics and / or corticosteroids or anti-corticosteroids.

[0080] The body 22 of the implant 20 may be, totally or locally, covered with substance(s), or with a judiciously chosen surface state, so that the substance(s), or the surface state inhibits or limits the cell growth of the surrounding tissues on the implant 20.

[0081] An example of an anterior edge 24 comprising groups of outgrowths extending along circular trajectories having different radii of curvature is illustrated in figure 3 .

[0082] The anterior edge 24 in this example comprises three groups of protrusions 32: a first group of protrusions 32a, a second group of protrusions 32b, and a third group of protrusions 32c. Three circular trajectories are shown: a first trajectory 48a, a second trajectory 48b, and a third trajectory 48c. The radii of curvature of the trajectories increase from the first trajectory 48a to the third trajectory 48c. In other words, the third trajectory 48c has a greater radius of curvature than the second trajectory 48b, which in turn has a greater radius of curvature than the first trajectory 48a.

[0083] The contact edge portions 38 of the first group of protrusions 32a extend along the first trajectory 48a. The contact edge portions 38 of the second group of protrusions 32b extend along the second trajectory 48b. The contact edge portions 38 of the third group of protrusions 32c extend along the third trajectory 48c.

[0084] In this example of the figure 3 The groups comprise two outgrowths 32 each. Generally, each group of outgrowths 32 may include at least one outgrowth 32. Furthermore, the anterior border 24 may comprise a plurality of groups of outgrowths 32 extending respectively along a plurality of circular trajectories with different radii of curvature. It is thus possible to create an anterior border capable of adapting to a plurality, or even an infinite number, of different anatomies of the ciliary muscle root.

[0085] With reference to the figure 4 , the thickness of the anterior edge 24 can be thinned relative to the thickness of the body 22. This thinning can also be carried out on said at least one outgrowth 32.

[0086] Preferably, this thinning of the anterior edge 24 is performed on the distal portion of the anterior edge 24, thereby reducing the surface area of ​​the anterior edge 24 bearing against the root of the ciliary muscle 118 for a given body thickness 22. This frees up space between the root of the ciliary muscle 118 and the body 22 of the implant 20, thus improving the collection and circulation of aqueous humor towards the implant body.

[0087] The anterior edge 24 comprises an upper portion 50 and a lower portion 52. The thickness of the anterior edge is thus thinned at the level of the upper portion 50. The contact edge 36 is borne by the lower portion 52 of the anterior edge 24.

[0088] This thinning of the anterior edge 24 extends preferably from the contact edge 36 towards the body 22 along the longitudinal axis A over a distance less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

[0089] The thinning is preferably carried out over the entire length of the anterior border 24. Alternatively, this thinning is carried out over only a portion of the length of the anterior border 24.

[0090] With reference to the figure 5 The anterior edge 24 may also include a local thinning 54. This local thinning 54 is formed on the superior or inferior surface of the implant 20. This local thinning 54 is configured to promote elastic deformation of the anterior edge 24, particularly its distal portion, thereby improving the contact area between the ciliary muscle root 118 and the anterior edge 24. Indeed, under the pressure of the implant 20 against the ciliary muscle root along the longitudinal axis A, the local thinning 54 induces a rotation of the distal portion of the anterior edge 24 towards the local thinning 54. This deformation of the anterior edge 24 promotes contact between the anterior edge 24 and the ciliary muscle root 118.

[0091] The implant body may have through-holes. These holes allow aqueous humor to flow through the body 22, from one of the two large opposite faces to the other large opposite face. The body may also have multiple other holes located in other planes.

[0092] The body 22 of the implant 20 may include on at least one of its two large opposite faces a relief which is suitable for promoting a flow of aqueous humor along said at least one large face.

[0093] The relief can, for example, take the form of channels or grooves arranged on opposite faces. The channels or grooves can be formed on the surface or through the body 22. These channels or grooves are preferably arranged substantially parallel to a direction extending from the anterior edge 24 of the body 22 to the posterior edge 26.

[0094] The relief can take the form of recesses made on at least one large face or of a roughness conferred on it.

[0095] It should be noted that the body 22 of the implant 20 can combine through holes, channels / grooves and recesses.

[0096] THE figures 6 à 14 represent examples of realization of the body 22 of the implant 20 and, especially, of the anterior edge 24.

[0097] THE figures 6 And 7 Figures 24 represent examples of anterior edges with different geometries, each including a single protrusion 32 allowing local contact. The local contact area between the implant 20 and the ciliary muscle root is symbolized in these figures by a point. As mentioned above, the local contact area can be either a point or a line.

[0098] On the figure 6 The anterior edge 24 includes an outgrowth 32 formed by a curved central portion extending between two retention arms 34. These retention arms 34 conduct the aqueous humor to promote its flow towards the body 22 of the implant so as to increase the efficiency of aqueous humor collection.

[0099] More generally, the anterior border may include at least one retention arm 34 extending outward from the body. These retention arms 34 are not configured to contact the root of the ciliary muscle 118. The purpose of these retention arms 34 is to guide the aqueous humor to facilitate its flow toward the body of the implant 22. The anterior border 24 preferably includes at least two retention arms 34, for example, located at the lateral extremities of the anterior border 24.

[0100] According to a particular configuration, an outgrowth 32 of the anterior edge 24 can have a function of retention arm, especially when the anterior edge 24 includes at least two outgrowths 32.

[0101] Collection spaces or recesses 35 are formed between the protrusion 32 and the retention arms 34.

[0102] On the figure 7 The protrusion 32 is formed by an elongated protuberance. The protrusion 32 also extends in the middle of two retention arms 34. Collection recesses 35 are also formed between the retention arms 34 and the protrusion 32.

[0103] Examples of anterior edge geometry 24 of figures 6 And 7 include retention arms 34. Alternatively, the anterior edge 24 may be without retention arms 34.

[0104] THE figures 8 à 11 Figures 24 represent examples of anterior edges with different geometries, comprising two projections 32 that allow local contact at two areas of the ciliary muscle root 118. The areas of local contact between the implant 20 and the ciliary muscle root 118 are symbolized in these figures by a dot. As mentioned above, the areas of local contact can be point or linear.

[0105] On the figures 8 à 11 The two protrusions 32 are formed at the level of a peripheral portion of this anterior edge 24. In other words, the two protrusions 32 are formed at the level of lateral extremities of the anterior edge 24. A collection recess 35 is formed between the two protrusions 32.

[0106] Across all these examples of anterior edge 24 of figures 8 à 11 , the contact profile 44 of the contact edge 36 extends along a concave trajectory.

[0107] On the figures 8 , 9 And11 The two outgrowths are formed by an elongated protuberance. These two outgrowths 32 here form aqueous humor retention arms in the collection recess 35.

[0108] The 32 outgrowths of the figure 10 are each formed by a straight and inclined portion of the anterior edge 24. Each straight and inclined portion joins at a central portion of the anterior edge 24 to form a collection recess 35.

[0109] THE figures 12 And 13 represent examples of anterior edge 24 of different geometries comprising a plurality of outgrowths 32 allowing local contact at the level of a plurality of areas of the root of the ciliary muscle 118. The areas of local contact between the implant 20 and the root of the ciliary muscle 118 are symbolized on these figures by a point.

[0110] The contact profile 44 of the contact edge 36 extends along a concave path on the figures 12 And 13 .

[0111] On the figures 12 And 13 , the outgrowths 32 form portions of contact edge 38 all aligned on the same trajectory, in particular circular.

[0112] On the figure 12 , the outgrowths 32 form linear contact edge portions 38 so as to obtain linear contact zones with the root of the ciliary muscle 118.

[0113] Collection recesses 35 are formed between the protrusions 32. Collection channels or grooves are formed between these collection recesses 35 and the posterior edge 26. These collection recesses 35 have a circular or pseudo-circular shape.

[0114] On the figure 13 , the outgrowths 32 form portions of contact edge 38 curved so as to obtain point contact areas with the root of the ciliary muscle 118.

[0115] Collection orifices are formed at the lateral ends of the anterior border 24. Generally, collection orifices can be formed all along the anterior border 24. Collection channels or grooves extend from the anterior border 24 to the posterior border 26 to allow drainage of aqueous humor.

[0116] There figure 14 illustrates an example of an anterior edge 24 whose contact profile 44 extends along a plurality of circular trajectories having different radii of curvature.

[0117] In a similar way to the figure 3 , the anterior edge of the figure 14 comprises a plurality of outgrowth groups 32, each of whose contact edge portions 38 extend along a different trajectory. In particular, the example of the figure 14 comprises four pairs of outgrowths 32 extending along four circular trajectories of different radii of curvature.

[0118] To increase the flow of aqueous humor, a passage can be created through the root of the ciliary muscle to establish direct communication between the anterior chamber of the eye and its supraciliary space (cyclodialysis). This passage is created through an incision made during the implant surgery. However, without additional precautions, this opening will quickly close due to natural healing. It can be maintained more permanently if a non-absorbable and non-deformable object holds it open.

[0119] To that end, the figure 19 presents an embodiment of the invention wherein the anterior edge 24 comprises a local extension projecting out of the body 20 in a projection view in the plane containing the width and length. This local extension 37, called a spur, differs from an outgrowth as defined above in that it extends beyond the contact profile 44 and is intended to completely traverse the root of the ciliary muscle to allow the establishment of a permanent opening between the anterior chamber and the supraciliary space.

[0120] The anterior edge 24 may have one or more barbs 37.

[0121] Said at least one stinger 37 extends along a longitudinal axis A passing through the distal tip 56.

[0122] Said at least one spur 37 may be elongated in shape. Said spur 37 has, according to a projection view in the plane containing the width and the length, a transverse dimension B in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A that is less than its longitudinal dimension H.

[0123] Alternatively, said at least one stinger 37 may be of flattened form, i.e. present, according to a view in projection in the plane containing the width and the length, a transverse dimension B in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A greater than its longitudinal dimension H.

[0124] The lateral walls of said at least one stinger 37 may be straight, curved, or a combination of straight and curved walls.

[0125] Said at least one stinger 37 may also exhibit variations in width, i.e., in transverse dimension B, or a geometry that facilitates the passage of said at least one stinger 37 through the ciliary muscle. Such a geometry may be complemented by a distal shape suitably chosen to prevent withdrawal of said stinger from the anterior chamber, in particular by means of a widening of the distal tip 56 of said at least one stinger relative to its base, and / or a thickening of said distal tip.

[0126] It has been determined that the thickness of the ciliary muscle root varies from 200 to 500 microns depending on the individual. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said at least one stinger 37 has a longitudinal dimension H between 0.2 and 2.5 mm.

[0127] In another preferred embodiment, said at least one stinger 37 has a transverse dimension B between 0.2 and 2.5 mm. With reference to the figure 23 , the thickness of the distal tip 56 of said at least one stinger can be thinned relative to the thickness of the body 22, thus constituting an element facilitating the passage through the ciliary muscle.

[0128] With reference to the figure 25 , the thickness of the distal tip 56 of said at least one stinger may be increased relative to the thickness of the body 22, thus constituting an anti-retraction device of said at least one stinger from the anterior chamber.

[0129] The distal tip 56 of said at least one stinger 37 may contain a thinning followed by a thickening, to facilitate passage through the ciliary muscle, then prevent its withdrawal.

[0130] Thinning and thickening can be carried out in the plane perpendicular to the thickness and / or in the plane of the thickness of the implant 20.

[0131] Said at least one stinger 37 may be pierced with orifices running longitudinally through it or contain grooves or recesses. These orifices, grooves, or recesses allow the passage of aqueous humor through the ciliary muscle.

[0132] Said at least one spike can be positioned either on the lateral edge of the implant 20, or between 2 outgrowths 32.

[0133] Said at least one prong 37 may include a distal perforation tip 57 configured to perforate a wall of the ciliary muscle root without a prior opening formed in that wall. In this case, the prong 37 is self-perforating because it allows insertion through the tissues without a prior opening. The perforation capability of the distal perforation tip 57 may be achieved by one or more beveled edges at the distal end of the prong such that the distal perforation tip 57 has a triangular or truncated triangular cross-section in a plane perpendicular to the thickness of the implant 20. The figure 28 illustrates an example of a stinger having a distal perforation point 57.

[0134] There figure 19 illustrates an example of an implant 20 containing four protrusions 32 and a spike 37 whose longitudinal distance H is greater than the transverse distance B.

[0135] There figure 22 illustrates an example of an implant 20 containing four protrusions 32 and a spike 37 whose longitudinal distance H is less than the transverse distance B. The spike also has internal grooves and channels.

[0136] There figure 24 illustrates an example of geometry of said at least one stinger allowing facilitated insertion through the ciliary muscle.

[0137] On the figure 20 , the distal tip of at least one stinger 37 presents a first example of geometry allowing easy insertion through the ciliary muscle, and resistance to withdrawal.

[0138] On the figure 21 , the distal tip of said at least one stinger 37 presents a second example of geometry allowing facilitated insertion through the ciliary muscle, and resistance to withdrawal.

[0139] There figure 26 features an implant 20 with two spikes 37 and an outgrowth 32.

[0140] THE figures 29 à 33 These figures represent examples of implant 20 being constructed as a hollow body 22. A central cavity is formed between the upper and lower surfaces of the body 22. The upper and lower surfaces are joined at one edge of the body 22, preferably the anterior edge 24. The body 22 can be obtained from a single plate folded back on itself. The junction between the upper and lower surfaces at the anterior edge 24 also forms at least one protrusion 32.

[0141] A spur 37 can also be formed from the anterior edge 24. This spur 37 is preferably also hollow. The spur 37 comprises at least two walls, an upper wall and a lower wall.

[0142] There figure 15 This illustrates the implantation of an IOL 90 using a first implantation method according to an embodiment of the invention. The IOL 90 is intentionally represented in a simplified manner but conforms to the invention described above. This first method is used as an adjunct to conventional glaucoma surgery or as an adjunct to any intraocular procedure when a reduction in intraocular pressure is desirable. Trabeculectomy and sclerectomy require cutting one or more scleral flaps of the eye, which will be lifted to continue the procedure. A scleral flap 92 (illustrated with dotted lines on the figure 15 This is obtained by incising the sclera in one or two planes and at a variable depth, on three sides: two incisions 92a, 92b, substantially parallel to each other, extending from the cornea 12 and away from it, and a third incision 92c, perpendicular to the other two incisions and at a distance from the cornea. The cut made along these three incisions forms what is called one or more scleral flaps. After lifting the scleral flap(s), two incisions (94a, 94b on the figure 15 Incisions are made up to the ciliary body, inside flap 92, in order to allow the implant to be inserted between the deep scleral plane and the ciliary body. For example, the incisions are spaced at least 2 mm apart.

[0143] According to an unrepresented variant, a single incision of the deep scleral plane is made to achieve the same goal.

[0144] The implantation method may then include a step involving the introduction of a viscoelastic substance, such as hyaluronic acid, through at least one of the incisions made between the sclera and the ciliary body in order to separate these two previously joined tissues. This will allow for the placement of the implant without trauma to the structures above and below.

[0145] This step is implemented using an injection instrument such as an injection cannula with a diameter of approximately 20 to 30g.

[0146] A small amount of substance is injected, for example 0.05 mm3.

[0147] The surgeon makes openings between the anterior chamber and the supraciliary space, in a number equal to the number of pins 37 that the implant 20 presents. These openings are made at the location of said pins.

[0148] The surgeon may, if desired, make additional openings between the anterior chamber and the supraciliary space.

[0149] This opening (or these openings) can be made ab-interno or ab-externo, for example by mechanical means (knife, spatula, etc.) or by laser. Additional openings can be made during the surgery or subsequently.

[0150] The implantation method also includes a step involving the introduction of an instrument such as blunt-edged forceps through one of the two incisions 94a, 94b, which extend deep into the ciliary body. The forceps exit through the second incision and grasp the implant, positioning it between the sclera and the ciliary body.

[0151] In a subsequent step, using a microsurgical instrument such as a blunt-edged spatula, the position of the implant 90 is ensured as close as possible to the trabeculum (concentrically to the limbus), as described above, in order to collect the maximum amount of aqueous humor.

[0152] Another type of instrument or device allowing the placement, deployment of the implant and its positioning in the space between the sclera and the ciliary body (suprachoroidal space) can be used, such as an injector.

[0153] In another step, the scleral flap(s) are folded back and, sutured or not.

[0154] The first method described also applies to the placement of several implants according to the invention. Generally, at least one different incision (or even two in the example of the figure 15 ) is to be performed for the placement of each different implant.

[0155] There figure 16 This illustrates the placement of an implant 100 using a second implantation method according to an embodiment of the invention. The implant 100 is intentionally represented in a simplified manner but conforms to the invention described above.

[0156] This method is very similar to the first method except that the second method does not complement a conventional intervention but constitutes an intervention in itself.

[0157] According to this method: two incisions 102a, 102b preferably radial to the cornea or preferably parallel to each other (like incisions 94a, 94b of the figure 15 Incisions are made, the anterior end of the incisions being located between 0 and 3 mm posterior to the limbus (transition zone between the cornea and the sclera), and with a length ranging, for example, from 1 to 4 mm, and continued to the ciliary body. A viscoelastic substance, for example of hyaluronic acid type, may be injected through one of the two incisions, if necessary according to the need or desire of the surgeon. Openings between the anterior chamber and the supraciliary space are made following the steps described for the first method. The sclera is lifted to allow the insertion and placement of the implant. The insertion steps are identical to those described previously for the first method. The final step of suturing the incisions is always optional.

[0158] According to an alternative embodiment not shown, a single incision is made during this second method and is sufficient to install an implant in an interposition position between the sclera and the ciliary body.

[0159] There figure 27 This illustrates the placement of an implant 110 using a third implantation method according to an embodiment of the invention. The implant 110 is intentionally represented in a simplified manner but conforms to the invention described above.

[0160] The second method described also applies to the placement of several implants according to the invention. Generally, at least one different incision (or even two in the example of the figure 27 ) is to be performed for the placement of each different implant.

[0161] This method can be performed in addition to ordinary filtering surgery, or independently of any other interventional procedure.

[0162] According to this method: an incision 112 preferentially concentric to the limbus is made between 1 and 5 mm from the limbus, over a distance of 0.5 to 4 mm for example.

[0163] A viscoelastic substance, for example hyaluronic acid, can be injected through this incision.

[0164] The surgeon creates openings between the anterior chamber and the supraciliary space, equal in number to the number of prongs 37 present on the implant 20. These openings are made at the location of said prongs. The surgeon may, if desired, create additional openings between the anterior chamber and the supraciliary space.

[0165] This opening (or these openings) can be made ab-interno or ab-externo, for example by mechanical means (knife, spatula, etc.) or by laser. Additional openings can be made during the surgery or subsequently.

[0166] The implant is then inserted using forceps under the sclera along an axis perpendicular to the limbus, towards the anterior chamber, until the implant's protrusions are in contact with the root of the ciliary muscle 118. For implants 110 with one or more spikes 37, this implies that the spikes pass through the openings made by the surgeon and are therefore present in the anterior chamber.

[0167] Another type of instrument or device allowing the placement, deployment of the implant and its positioning in the space between the sclera and the ciliary body (suprachoroidal space) can be used, such as an injector.

[0168] If the entire implant is not inserted under the sclera, the remaining posterior part of the implant is buried under the sclera in the opposite direction to the anterior chamber.

[0169] The final step of suturing the incisions is always optional.

[0170] In the embodiment where the needle 37 has a distal perforation tip 57, the surgeon can avoid making one or more incisions between the anterior chamber and the supraciliary space as described in the three methods above. In this case, the step of positioning the implant 20 against the root of the ciliary muscle includes perforation of the root of the ciliary muscle by the distal perforation tip 57 to insert the needle 37 into the anterior chamber until at least one protrusion 32 is in contact with the root of the ciliary muscle.

[0171] It should be noted that implants 90, 100 and 110 are shown on the figures 15, 16 And 27The implants described above may be any of the implants described above. The implant placement methods described above apply to any implant according to the invention, and in particular to a permanent interposition ophthalmic implant between the sclera and the uveal tissue, comprising a thin, uveocompatible body formed in a single piece. The implant body comprises two opposing edges separated from each other along one of two dimensions perpendicular to the thickness. The implant may further include any one (or several, or even all) of the features presented in the general description as well as in the various embodiments and variants.

[0172] The third method described also applies to the placement of several implants according to the invention. Generally, at least one different incision must be made for the placement of each different implant.

[0173] There figure 17 represents, in cross-section, an implant according to an embodiment of the invention which has been put in place according to one of the methods described above.

[0174] This cross-section of part of an eye 110 represents the anterior chamber 112 which is situated between the cornea 114 and the lens 116 delimited at its peripheral part by the iris 119.

[0175] Behind the iris 119 is located the posterior chamber 120.

[0176] The sclera 122 is connected to the periphery of the cornea 114 via the limbus 124 (the area where the radius of curvature changes between the sclera and the cornea). The sclera 122 covers the ciliary body 128, which is connected to the iris 119 and includes the ciliary muscle 130, against which the sclera 122 rests.

[0177] The trabeculum 134, located between the cornea and the iris, acts as a filter and is traversed by the aqueous humor which circulates in the anterior chamber 112.

[0178] Schlemm's canal 136 is located between the sclera and the cornea behind the trabeculum 134.

[0179] The different arrows F1, F2, F3 and F4 illustrate the paths or routes taken by the aqueous humor: F1 represents the conventional path or flow taken by the aqueous humor entering the anterior chamber 112; F2 represents the diffusion path or flow taken by the aqueous humor to enter the anterior chamber 112; F3 represents the conventional path or flow taken by the aqueous humor exiting the anterior chamber 112 through the trabeculum 134 and heading towards Schlemm's canal 136; F4 represents the conventional physiological uveoscleral flow of the aqueous humor exiting the anterior chamber 112.

[0180] An implant 140 according to an embodiment of the invention was interposed between the sclera 122 and the ciliary muscle 130 as described above. This implant is positioned as close as possible to the root of the ciliary muscle 118 (thanks to its concave anterior edge) in order to exert its permanent retraction effect at the most appropriate location, while respecting the insertion of the ciliary muscle 130 to the scleral spur. The figure 18 is a more detailed and enlarged view of the structure of the iridocorneal angle without the implant. As shown in this figure, the scleral spur 132, to which the ciliary muscle 130 is inserted, is located above the posterior part 134a of the trabeculum 134.

[0181] The separation created at this point between the sclera and the ciliary body allows for the permanent collection of aqueous humor as close as possible to the area of ​​physiological uveoscleral outflow (the separation effect creates an area of ​​less resistance to aqueous humor flow). Such an implant, positioned in this way, provides a significant increase in physiological uveoscleral outflow.

[0182] Physiological uveoscleral outflow is increased by an additional fraction of outflow through the posterior part of the trabeculum (ciliary trabeculum), as shown in the figure 17 by the arrows F5 located above and below the implant. The flow of this additional fraction is achieved thanks to the spreading effect of the implant between the sclera and the ciliary body, as close as possible to the root of the ciliary muscle 118, without however damaging the latter.

Claims

1. Ophthalmological implant (20) for permanent interposition between the sclera and the uveal tissue, comprising a uveo-compatible body (22), the body having three dimensions in space, namely a length and a width that are perpendicular to each other and to a thickness, the body of the implant comprising a first or anterior edge (24) intended to be oriented in the direction of the anterior chamber of an eye in contact with the root of the ciliary muscle and a second or posterior edge (26) opposite the anterior edge (24) relative to the body (22), characterized in that the anterior edge has, as seen in a view in projection in the plane containing the width and the length, at least one protuberance (32) oriented toward the exterior of the body (22) in order to enable at least one local contact of said at least one protuberance (32) on the root of the ciliary muscle (118).

2. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to Claim 1 in which the anterior edge (24) comprises a plurality of protuberances (32) oriented toward the exterior of the body (22), said protuberances conjointly forming a discontinuous or local contact edge (36) on the root of the ciliary muscle (118).

3. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to Claim 2 in which the contact edge (36) defines a contact profile (44) of the anterior edge (24) on the root of the ciliary muscle (118), said contact profile (44) extending along a concave trajectory.

4. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to Claim 3 in which the contact profile (44) of the contact edge (36) extends along at least one circular trajectory (48a, 48b, 48c).

5. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to Claim 3 or 4 in which the contact profile (44) of the contact edge (36) comprises at least one profile portion (46) extending along a circular trajectory (48a, 48b, 48c).

6. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to Claim 5 in which the contact profile (44) of the contact edge (36) comprises at least two profile portions (46) extending along circular trajectories (48a, 48b, 48c) having different radii of curvature.

7. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to Claim 6 in which the contact profile (44) of the contact edge (36) comprises at least one first profile portion extending along a first circular trajectory having a first radius of curvature and at least one second profile portion extending along a second circular trajectory having a second radius of curvature greater than the first radius of curvature to enable the contact edge (36) to come into contact with the root of the ciliary muscle having a plurality of possible anatomical radii.

8. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to Claim 7 in which the first profile portion is formed at the level of a central zone of the contact edge, the second profile portion being disposed at the level of a peripheral zone of the contact edge.

9. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to Claim 7 or 8 in which the second profile portion is disposed on either side of the first profile portion along the contact edge (36).

10. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to any one of Claims 4 to 9 in which at least one radius of curvature of the circular trajectory (48a, 48b, 48c) is greater than or equal to 4.5 mm and less than or equal to 6 mm.

11. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to any one of Claims 4 to 10 in which at least one radius of curvature of the circular trajectory (48a, 48b, 48c) is greater than 6 mm and less than or equal to 7.5 mm.

12. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to any one of the preceding claims in which the anterior edge (24) comprises at least one needle (37) extending toward the exterior of the body (22) and projecting beyond said at least one protuberance (32) in such a manner as to be able to pass through a wall of the root of the ciliary muscle (118) when said at least one protuberance (32) is in contact with the root of the ciliary muscle (118).

13. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to Claim 12, in which the needle (37) comprises a distal perforation point (57) configured to perforate a wall of the root of the ciliary muscle (118) without an opening being formed beforehand in said wall.

14. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to Claim 12 or 13 in which said at least one needle (37) comprises an aqueous humour collecting channel extending from one end of said at least one needle (37) to the body (22) of the implant.

15. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the body (22) forms at least one aqueous humour collecting recess opening at the level of the anterior edge (24).

16. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to Claim 15 in combination with Claim 2 in which said at least one recess is formed between two protuberances (32).

17. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the body (22) of the implant is made of a material that has a Young's modulus of between 30 and 60 kg / cm2 or between 30 000 and 2 500 000 kg / cm2.

18. Interpositional ophthalmological implant (20) according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, in which the implant body (22) is not elastically deformable and permanently has a curvature in a direction perpendicular to a plane defined by the two dimensions of the implant that are perpendicular to the thickness, the implant body (22) having two opposing major faces spaced apart from each other along the thickness of the body, the two opposing major faces comprising an upper face and a lower face separated by the thickness, the implant body having one of the following conformations in a direction perpendicular to a plane defined by the two dimensions of the implant that are perpendicular to the thickness: - the upper face is plane and the lower face is concave, - the upper face is plane and the lower face is convex, - the upper and lower faces are convex, - the upper and lower faces are plane.