PARTIALLY ACTIVATED OLIVE SEED GRANULES CONTAINING PLANT NUTRIENTS AND THEIR PRODUCTION METHOD

Abstract

The invention relates to olive pit granules carrying nutrient elements for use in planted or unplanted aquariums and plant growing media, and to the method of their production. The granules, ranging in size from 1 to 12 mm, have surface functional groups containing carboxyl groups that are partially activated by chemical conditioning. A composition containing plant nutrients is applied in a single loading cycle, and at least one cationic portion of the composition is retained on the surface by reversible ionic interactions. Production involves steps of physical sizing, cleaning, chemical conditioning, neutralization, sterilization, mineral loading, and separation of free liquid. The nutrient composition may include sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The aim is for the nutrient ions retained on the surface to pass into the medium via ion exchange with the aqueous or moist medium, thus spreading the release over time.These same mineral-rich granules can be used as a substrate or medium component in planted and unplanted aquariums, pots, terrariums, and other plant growing media.

Description

PARTIALLY ACTIVATED OLIVES CONTAINING PLANT NUTRIENTS. THE NUCLEAR GRANULES AND THEIR PRODUCTION METHOD Technical field The invention is for use in aquariums and plant growing media with olives. a granular carrier obtained from its core, mineral nutrients surface properties for loading and delivery to the usage environment It relates to the modification of olives with a size range of 1–12 mm. More specifically, the invention concerns the modification of olives with a size range of 1–12 mm. The core granules partially contain surface functional groups that include carboxyl groups. activation involves a single loading process of a compound containing plant nutrients. application to the carrier and at least some of the elements in question becoming ionic It is related to being held together through interactions. The invention also includes physical sizing, cleaning, for the preparation of these granules, chemical conditioning, neutralization, mineral loading and sterilization processes It relates to the production method involved. Areas of use include planted and unplanted aquariums. These are pots, terrariums, and other plant growing media. The product is used individually in these media. granular growing medium, substrate material or a growing medium per head It can be considered as a component. State of the art Plant growing media provide mechanical support for the roots, as well as the regulation of water and air. It can perform different functions in terms of transporting nutrients and delivering them to the roots. Some of the granular materials used in aquarium substrates and potting media. While primarily providing physical support, some contain nutrients or later... It interacts with the given nutrients. Soluble nutrient salts are directly released into the water. or adding them to irrigation water affects the distribution of nutrients through the movement of water in the environment. and may make it dependent on the frequency of application. The loading of nutrients onto a solid carrier occurs through dissolution, diffusion, adsorption, and It could allow us to take advantage of processes such as ion exchange. However, Only free salts, dried within the pores of the carrier, during rewetting This can lead to a rapid initial release. The total element content of the carrier and the surface 2 The amount of bound and variable elements is not the same characteristic. In terms of controlled release, this... The two situations need to be distinguished. A biomass-based material from olive pits that can adsorb metal ions. Its use as "Olive Stone Delignification Toward" has been explained in the literature. In the study titled "Efficient Adsorption of Metal Ions," olives that underwent delignification were examined. The interaction of the core powder with metal ions was investigated through carboxyl groups. Ion exchange has been considered as a mechanism (Frontiers in Materials, 2021, DOI: 10.3389 / fmats.2021.605931). This explanation refers to the interaction of the olive pit surface with ions. It provides the technical background on how the granules described here can interact with the plant. It does not prove feeding performance or aquarium suitability. “Enhanced adsorptive removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions by The study titled "Olive Stone Activated Carbon" also examines natural olive pits and the carbon derived from them. It deals with the surface functional groups of the activated carbon produced (Comptes Rendus). Chimie, DOI: 10.5802 / crchim.54). Obtaining activated carbon or removing a pollutant from water. removal, pre-loading of plant nutrients into the growing medium It is a different intended use than its application. However, surface activation and Adsorption alone cannot be considered new. The technical problem addressed is to transport olive pits in a sized carrier. when evaluating, the interaction of the surface with nutrient ions and in a single charging process at least a portion of the given nutrient composition is retained in a modifiable form on the surface It is about creating a material and production flow that provides surface adhesion, granular integrity, competition between multiple ions, and release in aqueous medium all together. It should be evaluated. The purpose of the invention The purpose of the invention is to use olive pit granules solely as a physical filler. instead, plant nutrient ions in accessible surface regions containing carboxyl groups. The goal is to create a granular material capable of carrying the load. For this purpose, the granular structure of the core... while being protected, a portion of the bonding sites on the surface are treated with chemical conditioning. The goal is for it to participate in ionic interactions. 3 Another objective is to deliver nutrients during production in a single loading operation. the free solution and the fraction retained on the surface after feeding and loading This allows for separation. Thus, a traceable link can be established between production conditions and the nutritional content of the product. The aim is to establish a relationship. The invention also derives from reversible interactions between the carrier and the food ions. By utilizing specific methods, the aim is to achieve emissions into the usage environment spread over time. a release period, a constant release rate, a certain increase in plant growth, all nutrients maintaining the same proportions of elements or biological compatibility across all aquarium types. This cannot be put forward as a necessary consequence of this statement. Detailed description of the invention General structure and definitions Granules are a hull obtained from the hard part of the olive pit, and on this hull... It contains a surface region involved in the retention of nutrient ions. Olive flesh, excess fat Residue and foreign matter are removed during the cleaning process. The granule has a specific type. It does not necessarily have to be spherical in shape; irregular shapes obtained by crushing and sieving. Grains can be used. The size range of 1–12 mm, in terms of this description, refers to a sieve with a nominal opening of 12 mm. It refers to the granular fraction that passes through and remains on a sieve with a nominal opening of 1 mm. It means that the length of an irregularly shaped grain is the same in all directions within the same interval. This does not mean that it is present. Narrower fractions, for example 1–3 mm, 3–6 mm or 6– 12 mm can be selected within the same general size range. These sub-ranges are for different applications. These are options that explain their respective rankings; their comparative advantages have not been verified. Partial activation occurs when at least one of the surface functional groups containing carboxyl groups is activated. the accessibility or ionization status of the section through chemical conditioning It refers to the modification. Not all surface groups need to be converted. Existing The conversion of carboxyl groups to carboxylate form, the presence of existing groups on the surface Making it accessible or achieving these effects together could be considered. The word "partial" does not mean that a measured activation percentage is given. The preferred carrier in this statement is lignocellulosic granule body preserved olive. It is the core. Converting it entirely into activated carbon through high-temperature carbonization, 4 The described example is not part of the production flow. Surface conditioning of the granules. will allow it to remain as a portable solid phase during loading and use It is selected in this way. The term plant nutrient refers to elements that are available to plants in their environment. It includes chemical species such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and Magnesium (Mg) is a prime example. Depending on the application, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, Types containing copper, boron, and molybdenum may also be included in the composition. The element name refers to the element's characteristics. It does not indicate that it was added in metallic or free elemental form. Surface retention and nutrient composition Carboxyl groups can exist in carboxylate form depending on environmental conditions. regions electrostatically bonded with cations such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, or ammonium It can exhibit interaction and ion exchange. Protons or other substances in the binding sites. The counterion can displace the food cation in the charging solution. Ionic retention. This statement does not imply that the nutrients are bound to the surface by permanent covalent bonds. The representation R–COO⁻ · K⁺ for a monovalent cation represents the surface carboxylate. This is a schematic representation describing the relationship between the region and a nutrient cation. R, olive The nucleus represents the organic structure on its surface. It contains many elements such as calcium and magnesium. In valence cations, more than one surface group can participate in the interaction; here, a constant Coordination geometry or a single stoichiometry for the entire surface is not assumed. Anions such as nitrate and phosphate share the same negatively charged carboxylate regions as cations. It is not accepted that it is directly held in this way. The presence of these species in the product; accompanying The solution has different surfaces depending on physical retention in the pores or environmental conditions. It may be related to their interactions. Indirect interactions with multivalent ions can also be investigated; However, this mechanism does not make controlled phosphorus release a proven outcome. Therefore, the ionic binding property is related to at least one cationic portion of the nutrient composition. In an application, the loading composition includes all sources of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. Others Depending on the needs of the growing medium in applications, a subset of these or others Nutrient elements can be selected. Ion types, counterions, pH, and other factors are considered when preparing the mixture. Solubility is evaluated together, especially when phosphate is mixed with calcium or magnesium. If present, ionic retention occurs between the precipitate in the loading solution and the surface. They must be separated. 5 A single loading operation ensures that the selected nutrient composition is applied to the granules in the production batch in the same way. This refers to its application in a loading bath or within the same continuous contact loop. The purpose is to prepare the same dilute bath from separate stock solutions of the components. The delivery is not a separate granule loading cycle. Instead, the granules are given different nutrients. by being taken into the baths one after another and undergoing independent loading and unloading cycles This method differs from the single loading arrangement preferred here. Only one loading operation during production, no further feeding throughout the service life. This does not mean it will not be needed. The amount of available nutrients depends on the initial load, the plant It depends on the needs, water changes, and environmental losses. All nutrients are included in the product description. It is essential that the components are held by the same surface mechanism or released at the same speed. It is not. Raw material preparation and physical sizing. During the raw material separation step, stones, metal, and excess material containing olive pits are removed. Pulp and similar foreign materials are removed. The core batch is sent to the source for processing. They can be separated according to their history and visible contamination. The raw material's oil, moisture and organic matter content. Batch records can affect subsequent processing because changes in residual content can affect subsequent operations. It is held. In the physical sizing step, the kernels are crushed or ground into granules. and the 1–12 mm fraction is separated using sieves. Dust and fine particles are removed. If desired Different sub-fractions are processed in separate batches or specified prior to loading. They are mixed in the required proportions. Size distribution is recorded by dry sieving; any changes that may occur due to wetting Fragmentation is also evaluated. In the cleaning step, the granules are washed by mixing them with water, and the washing liquid is separated. Multiple washing cycles may be applied if necessary. The aim of cleaning is to improve the surface. The goal is to reduce pulp, dust, and loose debris that could obstruct access. Finishing the wash. Not only visual clarity, but also conductivity, organic matter and rinsing if necessary. It is determined according to other measurements of the water. A cleaning that can be maintained on the surface. If the chemical is used, it is confirmed that the substance has been removed. Chemical conditioning and neutralization In the chemical conditioning step, the cleaned granules remove the carboxyl groups from their surface. It is brought into contact with an aqueous medium that can alter its ionization or accessibility. Contact; 6 This can be done in a stirring vessel that maintains granular integrity. The processing agent, pH, temperature, time, and solid / liquid ratio are determined together. The aim is to obtain the total mass of the nucleus. not to dissolve, but to facilitate the retention of nutrient cations in accessible surface regions. The goal is to create the conditions. A suggested option is to mix the existing acidic solution with a slightly alkaline sodium bicarbonate solution. This involves achieving partial ionization of the groups. This option creates new carboxyl groups. It does not include a claim that it was created or that a permanent increase in surface area was achieved. After conditioning, the pH value of the nutrient bath determines the ionization status of the surface. It can reactivate; the activation effect depends solely on the pH value of the treatment solution. It cannot be considered proven. In the neutralization and washing step, the granules are separated from the conditioning liquid; the remaining reagent and free ions are reduced by leaching. A compatible, dilute acid or base is used if necessary. With the help of the aqueous extract of the granules, the pH value is determined according to the selected loading and usage environment. is brought to the appropriate range. The term neutralization means that the pH value of exactly 7 is reached under all conditions. It does not require acidic conditions to protonate carboxylate groups, thus preventing cation attachment. It is taken into consideration that it can reduce [the impact]. In evaluating the condition, only products made from the same raw material were considered. A cleaned control sample is used. Acidity can be achieved through acid-base titration. regions; functional group characteristics with appropriate spectroscopic examination; a standard The amount of exchangeable ions can be examined using ion exchange experiments. In a spectrum band... The change alone does not indicate that all nutrients are ionically bonded. The granule Wet mechanical integrity and disintegration tendencies are also monitored. Sterilization and selection of processing sequence. In the sterilization step, the aim is to remove the microbial load from the granules that originated in the production process. A verifiable procedure is applied. In the example flow, this step occurs after neutralization. and takes place before nutrient loading. This arrangement ensures the sterilization of the nutrient composition. This can allow it to avoid exposure to high temperatures. Subsequent loading, liquid separation, and Recontamination should be checked during packaging. In another process, sterilization can be applied after loading; however, this In this case, the solubility of nutrient types, the amount retained on the surface, and the release behavior are considered. It is re-evaluated after the process. Thermal or other sterilization process only 7 If the selected conditions are verified for the product and packaging, it ensures sterility. Simple washing or drying is not considered equivalent to sterilization. The fact that the sterilization process has been carried out ensures that the granules remain usable in the aquarium throughout their lifespan. This does not indicate that it will remain sterile or be biologically inert. This is achieved through this production step. The microbiological balance of the usage environment has different characteristics. Sterilization in the requirements. The step involves implementing an appropriate procedural protocol; unmeasured sterility It does not define a level of assurance. Mineral loading and finishing processes During the loading step, the aqueous mixture containing the selected nutrient sources is conditioned and The neutralized granules are brought into contact with the product in a single loading cycle. Sufficient wetting is required. This ensures that the granules are mixed without breaking apart. The solid / liquid ratio is determined at the beginning. Concentration, pH, temperature, and contact time are recorded. In multi-component baths, the ions are evenly distributed. It is taken into consideration that they may compete for binding sites. At the end of the loading period, free liquid filtration, decantation, or other process preserving the granules. It is removed by a solid-liquid separation method. In order to reduce the effect of free salts, a short And a moderate final rinse can be applied. This rinse removes nutrients that are weakly bound to the surface. Since it can also remove ions, the product's charge should be applied after rinsing, not before. The amount of water used is measured. Whether a final rinse was applied and the amount of water used are also measured in the batch. It is included in the definition. The granules can be packaged in a moist state, or in a way that will not compromise the carrier and nutritional composition. It can be dried under these conditions. In the dried product, salt originating from pore fluid is present. Nutrient ions, held in a variable state on the surface by crystals, exist as separate fractions. Packaging conditions are evaluated to prevent moisture changes, contamination, and damage to the granules. It is selected in a way that will limit mechanical damage. The difference between the elemental amounts in the initial solution and the final solution is used for loading. This provides a preliminary mass balance. However, sedimentation, adsorption to the container surface, and sample size also play a role. Losses can contribute to the same difference. Therefore, granule-free bath control and washing. The difference is determined using liquid analysis and direct solid sample analysis to determine the true surface area. The extent to which it represents the eclipse is determined. 8 Release mechanism and control variables When the granules are brought into an aqueous or moist growing medium, they interact with nutrient ions on the surface. Exchange can occur between surrounding ions. Nutrient ions from the surface separation, passage into the fluid near the surface, and transport to the root zone, in a sequential manner. Or they can be simultaneous processes. The plant's uptake of nutrients from the environment affects the local concentration balance. It can have an effect; it is not assumed that the granule only releases energy when the plant needs it. The term controlled release here refers to the retention of nutrient ions on the surface and the granular structure. It expresses the goal of influencing the transition to the environment. A numerical emission curve for a specific period. or zero-order kinetic behavior is not described. The slowing effect To demonstrate this, the same amount of nutrients as in the form of free salt was used as a control. Comparisons are made in the environment. Release depends on particle size, number of accessible groups, initial charge, pH, temperature, and water hardness. Ionic strength can be affected by water renewal rate and root environment conditions. Smaller particle size that provides more suitable release or higher activation under all conditions It is not always accepted that it produces a better product. Excessively strong holding, nutrients... It can reduce its effectiveness; poor retention can initially lead to rapid release. Even if the time-spread release of a cation is observed in the same granule, nitrate or phosphate is not the same. It cannot be concluded that every element or related chemical species exhibits release behavior. Separate measurements are taken for each. The total conductivity change is used instead of the element-specific emission amount. It won't pass. Usage patterns Aquarium usage includes both aquariums with live plants and aquariums without live plants. It includes both uses, resulting in partially activated and mineral-rich nutrients. Element-rich olive pit granules are used in a plantless aquarium. removal of mineral loading or use of a different carrier composition for the application No preparation is required. The presence of plant roots is the base material for the granules. a prerequisite for its use or for ion exchange between the surface and water It is not. In a plant-free aquarium, the granules can be spread directly on the bottom or over a water-permeable top layer. It may be located beneath the overburden layer. The mineral reacts with the granule when it comes into contact with water. Its release depends on the pH value, ion composition, and water movement of the environment, even in the absence of plants. This can occur as follows: Accumulation and water retention due to the absence of nutrient uptake by plants. The change and distancing are also evaluated. The use of the same product, plant-based and This doesn't mean the same amount would be suitable for aquariums without plants. In plant-free use, mineral release to fish or other aquatic organisms is not a proven risk. It provides nutritional benefits, purifies water, creates biological filtration, or the water This does not mean that it spontaneously maintains its chemistry at the appropriate level. Appropriateness refers to the mineral. accumulation, nitrogen species, phosphate, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and target organisms. It is evaluated in terms of its reactions. This application involves the base of the mineral-loaded granule. It relates to its application as a material; resulting in verified biocompatibility. does not include. In a planted aquarium, the granules are placed at the bottom of the container where the roots can reach them. It can be placed on the layer. If desired, a water-permeable cover layer can be placed on top of this layer. It can be found. The covering layer prevents the displacement or emergence of granules to the surface. It can be used to limit; a specific release rate alone or to aquatic organisms It does not provide compliance. When selecting products for an aquarium, initial release, ammonium and ammonia balance are important factors. nitrite formation, phosphate level, pH, conductivity, coloration, and dissolved oxygen effects. The effects are evaluated. The biological degradation of the organic carrier affects the oxygen balance of the water. It can have an impact. In particular, the effects of certain microelements, such as copper, on aquatic organisms. It is evaluated separately from the plant's nutritional needs. The amount applied to the medium containing the living organism. A general dosage cannot be determined without verified release and compatibility data. In pot and other ground plant applications, the granules can be mixed into the growing medium. or it can be applied as a separate layer to the root zone. Mixing ratio, irrigation schedule, The choice is made by considering air space, water retention, and nutrient release together. In a terrarium, however... closed or semi-closed moisture cycle, free water volume and drainage characteristics are taken into consideration. These methods of use are not limited to a specific plant species; they are the same for every environment. It is not claimed that the loading composition and dosage are appropriate. Examples of applications The following examples illustrate the production and evaluation steps experimentally. These are unverified proposed applications. Numerical conditions: 10 for the initial trial. Data provided include: actual production, measured loading capacity, and achieved sterility. or should not be interpreted as a proven controlled release result. The targeted examples are... The actual production of the product must be verified with the measurements described. Example 1: Partial conditioning and multi-element single loading. Olive pit granules with a dry mass equivalent of 100 g and a fraction of 3–6 mm are separated. Visible impurities are removed. The granules are mixed with 1 L of water in each cycle. It is washed three times, and the water is drained at the end of each cycle. Three cycles is considered sufficient for cleanliness. It is not a claim, but a procedural description of the initial attempt; if residual analysis is required. Washing continues. For conditioning, prepare 1 L of 0.05 mol / L sodium bicarbonate solution and It is recommended that the granules be gently mixed with this solution at approximately 25 °C for 60 minutes. The pH value of the bath is measured and recorded. After the liquid is separated, the granules are rinsed with water; If necessary, the pH is adjusted using dilute hydrochloric acid and rinsed again. In the initial trial, a pH range of 7–8 can be targeted for the aqueous extract. This target product... The end-use suitability limit is not the only indicator of cation retention success. In this example, where sterilization will be applied before loading, 121 is used for moist granules. A 15-minute holding phase under °C saturated steam conditions is used as the initial protocol. This can be evaluated. The time it takes for the load to reach the target temperature is independent of the device display. After arrival, it is taken into consideration. Heat penetration, microbiological activity and granule processing. This protocol is not considered to yield sterile products until the subsequent characteristics are verified. The granules are cooled under closed conditions. For a single loading bath, 1.0 mmol / L potassium nitrate to a final volume of 1 L. 0.5 mmol / L calcium nitrate, 0.5 mmol / L magnesium sulfate, and 0.2 mmol / L ammonium An aqueous mixture containing dihydrogen phosphate is recommended. The hydrated form of the salts used and Purity is taken into account in the weighing calculation. Salts are transferred from separate diluted stocks to the final bath. transferable; granules are added to this prepared bath only once. This mixture contains N, P, It contains sources of K, Ca, and Mg together. For the bath, an initial pH range of approximately 5.5–6.5 is considered; before adding granules. And visible turbidity is observed upon contact with pH. Calcium-phosphate or other precipitate. If surface retention occurs, no comment is made; solubility conditions of the mixture It is rearranged. The granules are kept in contact at around 25 °C for 4 hours and gently... 11 Stirring is recommended. This time indicates that equilibrium has been reached or a certain charge has been obtained. It doesn't show. Free liquid is collected upon contact. The granules contribute free salt to the initial release. For examination purposes, it can be rinsed briefly once with 100 mL of water; this liquid will also be used for analysis. It is stored. The product can be evaluated in a moist state. If the drying option is to be considered... It is dried at approximately 40 °C while monitoring mass change, and after re-wetting... Emissions are also measured. This bath initially contains approximately 30.8 mg N, 6.2 mg P, 39.1 mg K, and 20.0 mg P per 1 liter. It contains mg Ca and 12.2 mg Mg. These values ​​are theoretical nutritional values ​​calculated from salt formulas. These are the inputs; not the actual amounts loaded into 100 g of granules. The actual load is the empty bath. The control is determined by liquid analysis and solid sample analysis. Phosphorus in the bath The mere presence of ions does not, by itself, indicate that the product is ionically stored or released in a controlled manner. Example 2: Separate assessment of cation retention. A batch of granules from the same preparation flow as Example 1, separating the mechanism. For this purpose, it can be examined in a loading bath that is free of phosphate and ammonium. Proposed bath 1.0 mmol / L potassium nitrate, 0.5 mmol / L calcium nitrate, and 0.5 mmol / L It contains magnesium sulfate. Loading is also done in a single contact cycle for this batch. Thus The retention of K, Ca, and Mg can be considered separately from the potential effects of phosphate precipitation. Conditioned granules, only cleaned granules and a granule-free bath in parallel. It is examined. The same solid / liquid ratio, time, and temperature are applied. After loading... Standardized washing and a separate ion exchange experiment can detect exchangeable cations. The fraction is investigated. The conditioned sample is found to be larger than the control sample. It is not assumed beforehand that it will trap cations or release them more slowly. Example 3: Evaluation in aquarium and breeding environment. Candidate granules for aquariums are first evaluated in a water regimen that does not contain any live organisms. For example, 10 g of granules with a dry mass equivalent can be brought into contact with 1 L of a defined amount of water. The water... The initial pH value, hardness, and conductivity are recorded. This ratio is a test ratio; the fish, This is not the recommended dosage for aquariums containing shrimp or plants. The same batch of mineral-loaded granules is used for evaluating plantless aquariums. First The test in this stage involves an aquarium without plants but containing aquatic life. The equivalent is not accepted. Element accumulation and water 12 in conditions where plant uptake is absent. The impact of the change is monitored; compatibility with the target aquatic organisms is also evaluated. Planted and When comparing plant-free setups, product composition can be kept constant, but appropriate application is necessary. The amount is determined separately based on the results. Nutrient types, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity in the first hours and the following days. and coloration is measured. In a controlled test plan, 1 hour, 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14-day and 28-day time points are available. These points represent a 28-day activity commitment. It does not create a mass balance between the volume of liquid taken for analysis and the amount of water substituted. It is taken. In pot or terrarium evaluation, the same basic medium containing granules and Samples that do not contain these can be compared. Granule ratio by volume in a sample preliminary study. It can be selected as 5 percent or 10 percent; these percentages are based on verified growing recipes. It is not. Irrigation, light, plant type, and initial nutrient levels are kept equal. In the drainage water... Element loss, root development, physical integrity of the environment, and plant responses are monitored together. Measurement and verification approach Particle size distribution was determined by sieving, moisture content by a suitable gravimetric method, and total moisture content by... element quantity verified after dissolution or extraction This can be determined by appropriate analysis. For K, Ca, Mg and related metals, ICP-OES or equivalent. A validated method; ion chromatography for species such as nitrate, ammonium and phosphate. Alternatively, suitable photometric methods can be used. Sample preparation depends on which method is appropriate. It is defined by stating that it measures the fraction. In the quantitative assessment of surface retention, the amount retained per unit mass of dry granules. It can be reported in mg / g. Initial calculations are made from bath mass balance. The final solution, washing waters, and non-granular losses are deducted from the amount. Direct solid. Comparison with analysis of free salt and precipitate contributions in pores It helps in the interpretation. Measurement uncertainty and analytical determination limits are related to the results. They are given together. Cumulative emissions are based on the initial amount of the relevant element measured in the product. The amount of element removed from the environment in each sample is calculated. This amount is added to the total calculation. is added. Liquid volume, water exchange, and evaporation are corrected during release. Granule-free medium, unloaded granules, loaded but unconditioned granules, and equivalent nutrients 13 A medium containing a certain amount of free salt can be used to separate different effects. They are control systems. The simultaneous demonstration of surface retention and time-spread release shows only the total. It is more revealing than measuring element content. A positive result for a single element. This finding does not generalize to all nutrients and all growing media. Repeatability, wet strength, and post-storage behavior among granule batches. This is also taken into consideration when evaluating product features. Advantages and industrial applicability The proposed structure uses olive pits as a sized nutrient carrier. an evaluation of the physical component of the growing medium and its nutrient transport function. It can enable the combination of nutrients in a single loading cycle. Its implementation can facilitate the organization of batch production. It can vary on the surface. If a nutrient fraction is obtained that is kept in this form, free salt A different emission profile can be created compared to the current practice. These advantages are the intended effects of the design: lower cost, higher efficiency. Longer service life, less algae growth, complete release of all nutrients. or results such as environmental advantage are considered definitive characteristics without comparative data. This is not a cause for concern. Especially considering cleaning water, chemical consumption, and sterilization energy. It should be included in the overall production assessment. Production includes crushing and screening equipment, washing and conditioning vessels, and solid-liquid separation systems. batch-based using appropriate sterilization equipment and packaging tools. It is suitable for implementation as follows: mixing, heat transfer, solution in scaling up. The composition and intra-batch homogeneity are preserved. The same mineral-loaded granules are available with or without plants. aquarium substrate, potting medium component, terrarium layer or other plant They can be prepared for use in growing media.

Claims

1. Nutrient element for use in aquariums or plant growing media. It is a granular material that carries olives and has the characteristic of being able to handle them in a sieve size range of 1–12 mm. core granules, surface containing carboxyl groups on the granules in question accessibility or ionization status of at least part of its functional groups a surface area modified by chemical conditioning and in that surface area Reversible ionic interaction with binding sites containing carboxylate groups. It must contain at least one plant nutrient cation held in place.

2. According to claim 1, it is a granular material and its characteristic is that of olive pit granules. the lignocellulosic body is preserved and the granules are fully activated by carbonization It means it hasn't been converted into carbon.

3. According to claim 1, it is a granular material whose characteristic is that plant nutrients are retained on the surface. its cation being at least one of the potassium, calcium, magnesium and ammonium ions selected. It is a form of ion.

4. According to claim 3, it is a granular material and its characteristic is that it contains potassium, calcium, magnesium and It is the presence of at least two different nutrient cations selected from ammonium ions.

5. According to claim 1, it is a granular material and its properties include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and It must contain magnesium sources together, and at least one of these sources must have a cationic portion. The part is retained in the aforementioned binding regions.

6. According to claim 5, it is a granular material and its characteristic is that it additionally contains sulfur, iron, manganese, a plant nutrient source containing at least one of the elements zinc, copper, boron, and molybdenum It includes.

7. Granular material according to Claim 1, characterized by granules of 1–3 mm, 3–6 mm or It consists of a fraction selected from fractions with a sieve size of 6–12 mm.

8. According to claim 1, it is a granular material and its characteristic is that the said nutrient cation... Retention in carboxylate-containing surface regions by displacement with a counterion 15 and can be released through ion exchange upon contact with an aqueous medium. It is the presence of.

9. This is a method for producing olive pit granules that contain plant nutrients. Its characteristic feature is that the olive pit is physically sized and sieving it into a granular fraction of 1–12 mm. separation, cleaning of granules, surface functionalization containing carboxyl groups. altering the accessibility or ionization status of at least part of its groups chemical conditioning with an aqueous medium, conditioned granules Neutralization and leaching, resulting in an aqueous solution containing plant nutrients. by bringing at least one nutrient cation into contact with the compound in a single loading cycle Retention via reversible ionic interaction in carboxylate-containing surface regions Separation of free liquid and sterilization before or after loading into granules. The process includes the steps involved in implementing it.

10. The production method according to claim 9, its characteristic feature is the chemical conditioning of sodium. This is carried out in an aqueous medium containing bicarbonate.

11. Production method according to claim 9, characterized by the neutralization of granules after processing. This involves washing and measuring the pH of the aqueous extract of the granules before loading.

12. Production method according to claim 9, characterized by being a wet method used in a single loading cycle. The composition is a bath containing sources of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg together.

13. Production method according to claim 12, characterized by the aqueous composition being potassium nitrate, It contains calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.

14. This is a production method according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the granules are kept in aqueous during loading. mixing within the composition and filtering the free liquid at the end of loading or Separation by decantation.

15. The production method according to claim 9, its characteristic feature is that after the separation of the free liquid A final rinse is applied to the granules, and the nutritional content of the product is removed during the final rinse. It is determined later.

16. Production method according to claim 9, characterized by its neutralization and sterilization. It is applied after washing and before mineral loading. 16 17. Production method according to claim 9, characterized by the separation of the loaded granules from the free liquid. After separation, it is dried and packaged.

18. According to Claim 1, granular material is to be used as substrate in a planted or unplanted aquarium. as a material or nutrient element in a moist or humid plant growing medium Use as a carrier medium component.

19. Use according to claim 18, and its characteristic is the granular material for planted aquariums. to form a layer inside a plantless aquarium, pot or terrarium It is placement.

20. Use according to claim 19, characterized by the granular material, with or without vegetation. It forms a substrate layer in the aquarium, and water accumulates on top of that layer. It is the presence of a permeable covering layer.