Reverse-striking steel column positioning method and the positioning device thereof

Abstract

A Reverse-striking steel column positioning method and its positioning device, wherein the back-driving steel column positioning method includes: a first measuring step, measuring the center of at least one predetermined height position inside the vertical pit relative to the predetermined coordinate position. an offset; a second measurement step, measuring the second offset between the actual center of the back-beaten steel column corresponding to at least one predetermined height position and its design center; and a positioning device setting step, setting at least one positioning device on the back-beaten steel column. At a position corresponding to at least one predetermined height of the steel column, the center of the positioning device has a negative offset opposite to the net offset of the sum of the first offset and the second offset compared to the center of the back-beaten steel column; the hanging step , hang the back-driven steel column together with the positioning device in the vertical pit; the grouting step is to grout the bottom of the vertical pit so that the cement covers the buried end of the back-driven steel column. After the cement solidifies, a cement foundation pile is formed.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to a method and device for positioning steel columns in reverse construction, and particularly to a method and device for positioning steel columns in reverse construction methods. [Previous Technology]

[0002] The reverse construction method has been widely used in recent years because it has the advantages of shortening the construction period, being unaffected by weather, reducing open-air excavation, and reducing damage to neighboring areas.

[0003] The reverse-driving method involves first constructing a continuous wall around the building, then erecting the steel columns for the building's underground structure, followed by earthwork excavation and construction of the underground structure layer by layer. When installing the reverse-driving steel columns, multiple vertical pits are first dug at the locations where the underground structure's steel columns will be installed. Reinforcing cages are placed in these pits, and then the reverse-driving steel columns are erected in the pits. Grouting is then performed, filling the reinforcing cages at the bottom of the pits with cement and covering the bottom of the reverse-driving steel columns, thus forming cement piles.

[0004] One of the key aspects of the reverse-driving construction method is how to position each reverse-driving steel column so that its position matches the predetermined coordinate position. If the position of the reverse-driving steel column is off, it will cause the position of the steel columns in the upper structure to be off, resulting in irreversible consequences.

[0005] Existing methods for positioning reverse-driven steel columns typically involve setting up a work frame at the opening of the vertical pit for the reverse-driven steel column. When the reverse-driven steel column is hoisted into the pit, a dummy column is welded to its upper end. When the reverse-driven steel column is lowered into the pit, the upper end of the dummy column protrudes from the pit opening. The center position and inclination of the steel column are determined by measuring the center position and verticality of the dummy column. Simultaneously, the work frame can also use jacking screws or jacks to push the upper end of the reverse-driven steel column or dummy column horizontally to adjust the center position of the reverse-driven steel column.

[0006] However, since the length of the reverse-driven steel columns is often 2-30 meters or more, and the vertical pit is usually filled with water, it is difficult to enter the pit to measure the positioning of the steel columns. The error caused by measuring and adjusting the position only from the top of the reverse-driven steel column is very large, and it is impossible to confirm whether the part of the reverse-driven steel column buried in the vertical pit has shifted or tilted. Furthermore, when grouting, the bottom of the reverse-driven steel column is subjected to the pressure of the grouting cement, which can also easily cause it to shift.

[0007] Therefore, in existing reverse-driving construction methods, it is usually only after the earthwork has been excavated to expose the reverse-driving steel column that the positioning of the reverse-driving steel column can be actually confirmed. If the position of the reverse-driving steel column is off, it is quite difficult to remedy.

[0008] Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of reverse-driving steel column positioning and the ease of construction through structural design improvements, and thus overcome the above-mentioned defects, has become an important issue to be addressed in this technical field. [Summary of the Invention]

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and device for positioning steel columns in reverse, which addresses the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, one of the technical solutions adopted by the present invention is to provide a method for positioning a reverse-driven steel column, which is used to set a reverse-driven steel column at a predetermined coordinate position. The method for positioning a reverse-driven steel column includes: a first measurement step: using a first measurement device to enter at least one predetermined height position in a vertical pit where the reverse-driven steel column is to be set, and measuring a first offset of the center of the inner wall of the vertical pit corresponding to at least one of the predetermined height positions relative to the predetermined coordinate position; a second measurement step: using a second measurement device to measure a second offset of the actual center of the reverse-driven steel column corresponding to the predetermined height position relative to a design center axis of the reverse-driven steel column; a positioning device setting step: preparing at least one positioning device and setting at least one positioning device at a position of the reverse-driven steel column corresponding to at least one of the predetermined height positions; the at least one positioning device includes a plurality of water-resistant components welded to the side of the reverse-driven steel column. A horizontal positioning component and a top support component disposed at the ends of the plurality of horizontal positioning components; wherein the plurality of horizontal positioning components can jointly define a positioning device center relative to one end of the reverse-driven steel column, and the length of each horizontal positioning component is adjusted according to the first offset and the second offset, so that the center of the positioning device relative to the center of the reverse-driven steel column at the predetermined height position has a negative offset opposite to the net offset of the sum of the first offset and the second offset; hoisting step: the reverse-driven steel column with at least one positioning device disposed thereon is vertically hoisted into the vertical pit, and the plurality of top support components of the positioning device are supported against the inner sidewall of the vertical pit corresponding to at least one of the predetermined height positions, thereby positioning the center of the reverse-driven steel column at the predetermined height position at the predetermined coordinate position; grouting step: grouting is performed at the bottom inside the vertical pit, so that one embedded end of the bottom of the reverse-driven steel column is covered with cement.

[0011] This embodiment of the invention also provides a positioning device used in the reverse-driving steel column positioning method.

[0012] One of the beneficial effects of the present invention is that the reverse-driving steel column positioning method provided by the present invention can position the reverse-driving steel column from at least one predetermined height position inside the vertical pit through the reverse-driving steel column positioning device, thus overcoming the difficulty of measuring and positioning the actual center position of the reverse-driving steel column in the existing reverse-driving steel column construction.

[0013] To further understand the features and technical content of the present invention, please refer to the following detailed description and drawings of the present invention. However, the drawings provided are for reference and illustration only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Implementation Method

[0024] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation methods disclosed in this invention. Those skilled in the art can understand the advantages and effects of this invention from the content disclosed in this specification. This invention can be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified and changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the concept of this invention. In addition, the accompanying drawings of this invention are only simple illustrations and are not depictions based on actual dimensions, as stated in advance. The following embodiments will further describe the relevant technical content of this invention in detail, but the disclosed content is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0025] It should be understood that although terms such as “first” and “second” may be used herein to describe various components or signals, these components or signals should not be limited by these terms. These terms are primarily used to distinguish one component from another, or one signal from another. In addition, the term “or” as used herein may include, as appropriate, any combination of any one or more of the associated listed items.

[0026] [First Embodiment]

[0027] Please refer to Figures 1 to 7. Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for positioning a reverse-driven steel column and a positioning device thereof. To clearly illustrate the technology of the present invention, this specification will first describe the method for positioning a reverse-driven steel column, and then describe the positioning device used in the present invention.

[0028] Referring to Figure 1, and Figures 2 to 7, the reverse-driving steel column positioning method of the present invention is used in the reverse-driving construction method to set the reverse-driving steel column 4 at a predetermined coordinate position. The method of the present invention mainly includes: a first measurement step S1, a second measurement step S2, a positioning device setting step S3, a hoisting step S4, and a grouting step S5.

[0029] The reverse steel column positioning method of the present invention mainly involves measuring the offset of the vertical pit 1 used to set the reverse steel column 4 and the reverse steel column 4 at at least a predetermined height position through a measuring device in the first measurement step S1 and the second measurement step S2, and making at least one positioning device 100 to correct the center position of the reverse steel column 4 based on the offset, and then setting the at least one positioning device 100 on the reverse steel column 4, and then suspending the reverse steel column 4 with at least one positioning device 100 in the vertical pit 1, positioning the reverse steel column 4 through the at least one positioning device 100, and then grouting to complete the positioning of the reverse steel column 4.

[0030] The first measurement step S1 can be referred to as shown in Figure 2. When implementing the first measurement step S1, the builder has dug a vertical pit 1 at the coordinate position of the predetermined reverse steel column 4. The diameter and depth of the vertical pit 1 are both greater than the diameter and depth of the reverse steel column 4. A steel cage 3 is set at the bottom of the vertical pit 1, and a working frame 2 is erected at the upper end of the vertical pit 1.

[0031] The purpose of the first measurement step S1 is to measure the offset between the center of at least one predetermined height position of the vertical pit 1 and a predetermined coordinate position of the predetermined setting of the reverse steel column 4, in order to correct and compensate for the positioning of the reverse steel column 4. In this embodiment, the first measurement step S1 is performed by placing a first measurement device 10 into the vertical pit 1 and measuring at multiple predetermined height positions P1, P2 in the vertical pit 1.

[0032] The first measuring device 10 can be an ultrasonic rangefinder, laser rangefinder, optical rangefinder, radar rangefinder, LiDAR (LIDA), mapping drone, or probe arm rangefinder. It can measure the coordinates of the center position corresponding to multiple predetermined height positions through one of the following methods: ultrasonic detection, laser ranging, optical ranging, radar ranging, LiDAR scanning, drone mapping, or probe arm ranging. Then, it can further calculate the offset of the coordinates of the center of the vertical pit 1 relative to the predetermined coordinate position of the reverse-driven steel column 4.

[0033] More specifically, in the embodiment shown in FIG2, the first measuring device 10 has a detector 12, which is suspended and placed inside the vertical pit 1 through a cable 11. When the first measuring device 10 is suspended, the center of the first measuring device 10 can be first determined to be aligned with the predetermined coordinate position of the reverse steel column 4. Then, the first measuring device 10 is lowered to two predetermined height positions P1 and P2 inside the vertical pit 1. The distance between the inner wall of the vertical pit 1 and the first measuring device 10 is measured along multiple horizontal axes, and the coordinate position of the center of the vertical pit 1 at multiple predetermined height positions can be calculated. The first offset of the center of the vertical pit 1 relative to the predetermined coordinate position can also be calculated.

[0034] It is worth noting that the measurement method used in the first measurement step S1 of the present invention is not limited to that disclosed in the above embodiments. For example, although this embodiment discloses that measurements are taken at two predetermined height positions P1 and P2 within the vertical pit 1, in other embodiments not shown in the figures, the first measurement step S1 can measure only the first offset of the center of a single predetermined height position P1 or P2 within the vertical pit 1 relative to a predetermined coordinate position. Furthermore, the structure of the first measurement device 10 is not limited to the structure shown in FIG2; it can also be an unmanned aerial vehicle with autonomous mobility, or an optical or laser mapping instrument that performs mapping from above the pit opening of the vertical pit 1.

[0035] As shown in Figure 3, the second measurement step S2 involves measuring, through the second measuring device 20, at least one second offset between the actual center of the reverse-driven steel column 4 at at least one predetermined height position and a designed center axis C of the reverse-driven steel column 4. The designed center axis C refers to the center axis that should exist according to the design drawing of the reverse-driven steel column 4. The reverse-driven steel column 4 is usually welded from steel. Due to material cutting errors and welding thermal stress, there will be some bending or dimensional errors. Therefore, the second offset is the deviation between the actual center of the reverse-driven steel column 4 at at least one predetermined height position P1, P2 and the designed center axis C.

[0036] In this embodiment, the reverse-driven steel column 4 has an embedded end 41 and a suspended end 42. When performing the second measurement step S2, the reverse-driven steel column 4 can be suspended by the hanging device 7 with the embedded end 41 facing down and the suspended end 42 facing up. Then, a vertical line passing through the center position of the suspended end 42 of the reverse-driven steel column 4 is defined as the design center axis C. The center of the reverse-driven steel column 4 corresponding to at least one predetermined height position P1, P2 is measured by the second measurement device 20, and at least one second offset is calculated.

[0037] More specifically, in the second measurement step S2, the second measurement device 20 can be a theodolite, contact measurement device, laser rangefinder, surveying drone, light-emitting diode, optical image recognition device, etc., and can simultaneously or in multiple steps use multiple second measurement devices 20 to measure the distance of the reverse steel column 4 corresponding to at least one predetermined height position relative to the second measurement device 20 along multiple horizontal axis vectors perpendicular to the design center axis C, thereby measuring the actual center position of the reverse steel column 4 corresponding to at least one predetermined height position P1, P2, and comparing it with the coordinates of the design center axis C of the reverse steel column 4 to calculate at least one second offset.

[0038] Referring to Figures 4 and 5, the positioning device setting step S3 involves fabricating at least one positioning device 100 based on a first offset and a second offset, and installing the at least one positioning device 100 on the outer side of the reverse-driven steel column 4 at at least one predetermined height position. Each positioning device 100 includes a plurality of horizontal positioning members 110 and at least one top support member 120. In this embodiment, the top support member 120 is a steel ring with a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the vertical pit 1, while the plurality of horizontal positioning members 110 are rods welded between the inner side of the top support member 120 and the outer side of the reverse-driven steel column 4.

[0039] As shown in Figure 5, the endpoints of the ends of the multiple horizontal positioning components 110 of the positioning device 100 can jointly define a positioning device center O2, and the lengths of the multiple horizontal positioning components 110 are adjusted according to the aforementioned first offset and second offset, so that the positioning device center O2 and the center O1 of the reverse steel column 4 have a negative offset that is opposite to the net offset of the sum of the first offset and the second offset.

[0040] More specifically, in this embodiment, the X-axis and Y-axis directions perpendicular to the central axis of the reverse-driven steel column can be defined, and the first offset and the second offset can be represented by offsets in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, respectively. A plurality of horizontal positioning members 110 are welded to the outer side of the reverse-driven steel column 4 along the X-axis and Y-axis directions, respectively. In the X and Y axes, the negative offsets of the net offset, which is opposite to the sum of the first and second offsets, are Δx and Δy, respectively, as indicated in the figure. Therefore, in Figure 5, the length L1 of the horizontal positioning member 110 located on the left side of the X axis and the length L2 of the horizontal positioning member 110 located on the right side of the X axis are configured to have a difference of Δx; while the length L3 of the horizontal positioning member 110 located above the Y axis and the length L4 of the horizontal positioning member 110 located below the Y axis are configured to have a difference of Δy. This results in an offset of Δx and Δy between the center O2 of the positioning device and the center O1 of the reverse-driven steel column 4. This allows the positioning device 100 to correct the deviation between the center of the vertical pit 1 at at least one predetermined height position and the actual center position and predetermined coordinate position of the reverse-driven steel column 4.

[0041] The positioning device 100 can be welded to the reverse steel column 4 before the subsequent hoisting step S4 is carried out, and in the subsequent hoisting step S4 and grouting step S5, at least one positioning device 100 is kept installed on the reverse steel column 4 until the subsequent excavation of the earthwork exposes at least one positioning device 100, and then at least one positioning device 100 is manually removed from the reverse steel column 4.

[0042] It should be noted that, although this embodiment discloses that two positioning devices 100 are set at two predetermined height positions P1 and P2 of the reverse-driven steel column 4, and the center of the reverse-driven steel column 4 is positioned from the two predetermined height positions P1 and P2 through the two positioning devices 100, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in the embodiment not shown in the figure of the present invention, a positioning device 100 can also be set at only one predetermined height position P1 and P2 of the reverse-driven steel column 4 near the buried end 41, and the center of the reverse-driven steel column 4 near the buried end 41 can be positioned by a single positioning device 100. As for the upper end of the reverse-driven steel column 4, a similar effect can be achieved by using existing positioning methods to adjust the center of the upper end of the reverse-driven steel column 4 from the upper end of the opening of the vertical pit 1 by pushing with a push screw or jack.

[0043] As shown in Figure 6, the hoisting step S4 involves vertically hoisting the reverse-driven steel column 4, which has at least one positioning device 100 installed, into the vertical pit 1 at a predetermined depth using the hoisting device 7. At this time, the height of at least one positioning device 100 is located at at least one predetermined height position P1, P2, and the top support member 120 of at least one positioning device 100 supports the inner sidewall of the vertical pit 1 corresponding to at least one predetermined height position P1, P2, thereby positioning the center of the reverse-driven steel column 4 corresponding to at least one predetermined height position P1, P2 at a predetermined coordinate position.

[0044] After the hoisting step S4 is completed, the grouting step S5 is then performed. As shown in Figure 7, in this embodiment, the grouting step S5 involves injecting cement into the bottom of the vertical pit 1 through the grouting device 6. The grouting device 6 has a tubular injection pipe that passes through the gap between the positioning device 100 and the reverse-driven steel column 4 and extends to the bottom of the vertical pit 1, thus enabling the cement to be injected into the bottom space of the vertical pit 1. The injected cement can fill the reinforcing cage 3 at the bottom of the vertical pit 1 and cover the embedded end 41 of the reverse-driven steel column 4. After the cement solidifies, a cement pile 5 is formed, and the embedded end 41 of the reverse-driven steel column 4 is also embedded in the cement pile 5, thereby making the reverse-driven steel column 4 stably positioned.

[0045] During the grouting process, at least one positioning device 100 can ensure that the center of the reverse-driven steel column 4 does not move, thus preventing the reverse-driven steel column 4 from shifting due to the pressure of the grouting cement.

[0046] [Second Embodiment]

[0047] As shown in Figure 8, this is a second embodiment of the positioning device 100 used in the present invention. It should be noted that the basic structure of the positioning device 100 in this embodiment is similar to that in the first embodiment, therefore the similar technical contents of the two embodiments will not be described again.

[0048] As shown in FIG8, at least one positioning device 100 has a plurality of horizontal positioning members 110 and a top support member 120 disposed at the end of the horizontal positioning members 110. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the top support member 120 is a plurality of plate structures respectively disposed at the end of the horizontal positioning members 110, and the top support member 120 in the first embodiment is a continuous annular structure.

[0049] Since the top support member 120 of this embodiment is a plate structure respectively provided at the ends of multiple horizontal positioning members 110, it has a lighter weight and saves material costs compared to the first embodiment. It is also suitable for use in vertical pits 1 with non-circular cross sections (e.g., vertical pits with rectangular cross sections).

[0050] [Third and Fourth Embodiments]

[0051] As shown in Figures 9 and 10, these are the third and fourth embodiments of the positioning device 100 of the present invention. It should be noted that the basic structure of the positioning device 100 in the third and fourth embodiments is similar to that in the first embodiment, therefore, similar technical content will not be repeated.

[0052] The positioning device 100 in the third and fourth embodiments of the present invention is characterized in that the top support member 120 used in the positioning device 100 each has a movable component. The movable component can be deployed horizontally after the reverse-driven steel column 4 is lowered into the vertical pit 1 to a predetermined depth, and then contacts the inner wall of the vertical pit 1, thereby generating a pushing force to push the center of the reverse-driven steel column 4 to a position close to the predetermined coordinates. Therefore, when the movable component is not deployed, the total width of the top support member 120 of the positioning device 100 is smaller than the diameter of the vertical pit 1, thus reducing the chance of the top support member 120 contacting or colliding with the inner wall of the vertical pit 1 during the process of lowering the reverse-driven steel column 4 into the vertical pit 1, thereby avoiding the situation where the positioning device 100 is deformed or tilted due to impact or compression.

[0053] As shown in Figure 9, in the third embodiment, the movable part of the top support member 120 of the positioning device 100 is an inflatable airbag 122 disposed outside a fixed base 121, and the positioning device 100 is also provided with an air nozzle 130 connected to the inflatable airbag 122. When the inflatable airbag 122 is inflated, it can expand in the horizontal direction, so that the outer diameter of the inflatable airbag 122 is close to or slightly larger than the diameter of the vertical pit 1. Therefore, before the reverse steel column 4 is hoisted into the vertical pit 1, the inflatable airbag 122 can be kept in an uninflated state. After the reverse steel column 4 is hoisted into the vertical pit 1 at a predetermined height, air is injected into the inflatable airbag 122 through the air nozzle 130 connected to the inflation device, so that the inflatable airbag 122 expands and pushes against the inner wall of the vertical pit 1, thereby positioning the center of the reverse steel column 4 at a predetermined coordinate position.

[0054] As shown in the fourth embodiment of FIG10, the top support component of the positioning device 100 includes a linear pushing mechanism 123 disposed at the end of the horizontal positioning component 110, and a support portion 124 that can be pushed outward by the linear pushing mechanism 123. The linear pushing mechanism 123 can be a jack, hydraulic cylinder, or similar type of mechanism, which can push the support portion 124 outward.

[0055] It should be noted that the movable parts used in the top support member of the present invention are not limited to those disclosed in the third and fourth embodiments, and equivalent mechanisms that can achieve the same effect are all included in the scope of the movable parts of the present invention.

[0056] [Beneficial Effects of the Embodiments]

[0057] In summary, the reverse-driven steel column positioning method of the present invention can measure the first offset between the center position and the predetermined coordinate position of the vertical pit 1 at at least one predetermined height position in the vertical pit 1, and the second offset corresponding to the actual center of the reverse-driven steel column 4 at at least one predetermined height position, before the reverse-driven steel column 4 is hoisted into the vertical pit 1. Based on the first offset and the second offset, a positioning device 100 with a negative offset that is opposite to the net offset of the sum of the first offset and the second offset is made. After the positioning device 100 is set on the reverse-driven steel column 4, the hoisting step S4 and the grouting step S5 are implemented. It can correct the deviation between the center of the vertical pit 1 and the center of the reverse-driven steel column 4 through at least one positioning device 100, and automatically ensure that the center of the reverse-driven steel column 4 corresponding to at least one predetermined height position is positioned at the predetermined coordinate position.

[0058] The method of the present invention does not require measuring and adjusting the center position of the reverse-driven steel column 4 after it is hoisted into the vertical pit 1, and can stably position the reverse-driven steel column 4, avoiding the displacement caused by grouting. Therefore, it overcomes the shortcomings of the existing reverse-driven steel column positioning method. [Simplified Explanation of the Diagram]

[0014] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the reverse-driving steel column positioning method of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation method of the first measurement step of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation method of the second measurement step of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the reverse-driven steel column positioning device of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 is a top view of the first embodiment of the reverse-driven steel column positioning device of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation method of the hoisting step of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the operation method of the grouting steps of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 8 is a top view of the second embodiment of the reverse-driven steel column positioning device of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 9 is a top view of the third embodiment of the reverse-driven steel column positioning device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 10 is a top view of the fourth embodiment of the reverse-driven steel column positioning device of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for positioning a reverse-driven steel column, used to position a reverse-driven steel column at a predetermined coordinate position, the method comprising: First measurement step: Using a first measurement device, enter at least one predetermined height position within a vertical pit where the reverse-driven steel column is to be installed, and measure the first offset of the center of the inner wall of the vertical pit at at least one predetermined height position relative to the predetermined coordinate position; Second measurement step: Using a second measurement device, measure the second offset of the actual center of the reverse-driven steel column at the predetermined height position relative to a design central axis of the reverse-driven steel column; Positioning device setting steps: Prepare at least one positioning device and set at least one of the positioning devices at a position of the reverse-driven steel column corresponding to at least one predetermined height position; the at least one positioning device includes a plurality of horizontal positioning members welded to the side of the reverse-driven steel column, and a top support member disposed at the end of the plurality of horizontal positioning members; wherein, the plurality of horizontal positioning members can jointly define a positioning device center relative to one end of the reverse-driven steel column, and the length of each horizontal positioning member is adjusted according to the first offset and the second offset, so that the center of the positioning device relative to the center of the reverse-driven steel column at the predetermined height position has a negative offset opposite to the net offset of the sum of the first offset and the second offset; Lifting step: Vertically lift the reverse-driven steel column with at least one of the positioning devices set in it into the vertical pit, and make the plurality of top support members of the positioning device support the inner sidewall of the vertical pit corresponding to at least one predetermined height position, thereby positioning the center of the reverse-driven steel column corresponding to the predetermined height position at the predetermined coordinate position; Grouting step: Grouting is performed at the bottom inside the vertical pit so that one embedded end of the bottom of the reverse-driven steel column is covered with cement.

2. The reverse-driving steel column positioning method as described in claim 1, wherein, In the first measurement step, the first measurement device is one of the following methods: ultrasonic detection, laser ranging, optical ranging, radar ranging, light scanning, UAV mapping, or probe arm ranging, to measure at least one first offset of the center of the inner wall of the vertical pit at at least one of the predetermined height positions relative to the predetermined coordinate position.

3. The reverse-engineered steel column positioning method as described in claim 1, wherein in the second measurement step, the second measurement device is one of the following methods: theodolite measurement, contact measurement, laser ranging, UAV mapping, or optical image recognition, to measure at least one second offset of the actual center of the reverse-engineered steel column corresponding to at least one of the predetermined height positions relative to the design center axis of the reverse-engineered steel column.

4. The reverse-driving steel column positioning method as described in claim 1, wherein, The reverse-driven steel column can define an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction perpendicular to the central axis of the reverse-driven steel column; at least one first offset is the offset of the center point of the vertical pit at at least one predetermined height position relative to the predetermined coordinate position in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction; at least one second offset is the offset of the actual center of the reverse-driven steel column at at least one predetermined height position relative to the design central axis of the reverse-driven steel column in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

5. The reverse-engineered steel column positioning method as described in claim 4, wherein, At least one of the horizontal positioning components of the positioning device is arranged symmetrically on the side of the reverse-driven steel column, parallel to the X-axis and Y-axis directions.

6. The reverse-driving steel column positioning method as described in claim 5, wherein, At least one of the positioning devices has multiple top support members fixedly disposed at the ends of multiple horizontal positioning members.

7. The reverse-driving steel column positioning method as described in claim 5, wherein, At least one of the positioning devices has a plurality of top support members, each having a movable part. When the reverse-driven steel column is placed into the vertical pit, the movable part of each top support member can extend outward in the horizontal direction and contact the inner wall of the vertical pit.

8. The reverse-driving steel column positioning method as described in claim 7, wherein, The movable part of the top support member includes an inflatable air bladder that can expand horizontally outward when inflated.

9. The reverse-driving steel column positioning method as described in claim 7, wherein, The movable part of the top support member has a linear pushing mechanism disposed at the end of the horizontal positioning member, and a support portion that can be pushed outward by the linear pushing mechanism.

10. A positioning device used in the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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