Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with fibers, method and device for manufacturing the same, method of using the same, and product comprising the same

Abstract

A nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric (102), particularly manufactured directly from a lyocell spinning solution (104), wherein the fabric (102) comprises a network of substantially endless fibers (108), and wherein at least 1% of such fibers (108) have a non-circular cross-sectional shape with a roundness of not more than 90%.

Description

[Technical Field] This invention relates to nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics, methods for manufacturing nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics, apparatus for manufacturing nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics, products or compounds, and methods of use. [Previous Technology] Lyocell technology relates to the direct dissolution of cellulose pulp or other cellulose-based raw materials in polar solvents (e.g., N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide, also known as "amine oxide" or "AO") to produce a viscous, high-shear-thinning solution. This solution can be converted into a range of useful cellulose-based materials. Commercially, this technology is used to produce a range of staple cellulose fibers widely used in the textile industry (available under the brand name TENCEL® from Lenzing AG, Lenzing, Austria). Other cellulose products derived from Lyocell technology have also been used. Cellulose staple fibers have long been used as a component in the conversion into nonwoven webs. However, adapting lyocell technology to directly produce nonwoven webs will yield properties and performance not currently available in cellulose web products. Although synthetic polymer technology cannot be directly applied to lyocell due to significant technological differences, this can be seen as a cellulose version of the meltblown and spunbond technologies widely used in the synthetic fiber industry. Numerous studies have been conducted to develop techniques for the direct formation of cellulose webs from lyocell solutions (especially WO 98 / 26122, WO 99 / 47733, WO 98 / 07911, US 6,197,230, WO 99 / 64649, WO 05 / 106085, EP 1 358 369, EP 2 013 390). Further techniques are disclosed in WO 07 / 124521 A1 and WO 07 / 124522 A1. [Summary of the Invention] The purpose of this invention is to provide cellulose-based fabrics with adjustable mechanical stability. To achieve the aforementioned objectives, nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics, methods for manufacturing nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics, apparatus for manufacturing nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics, products or compounds, and methods of use are provided, as described in the independent claims of the patent application. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric (particularly meltblown) is provided (which is particularly manufactured directly (particularly in an in situ process or in a continuously operable process in a continuously operating production line) by a lyocell spinning solution), wherein at least 1% of the fibers have a non-circular cross-sectional shape with a roundness of not more than 90% (particularly extending longitudinally along the entire fiber or only along a portion of the fiber). According to another exemplary embodiment, a method is provided for directly manufacturing (particularly melt-blown) nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics from a lyocell spinning solution, wherein the method comprises extruding the lyocell spinning solution through an orifice (which may be implemented as a spinneret or extrusion unit that can form part thereof) under the aid of an airflow into a condensation fluid environment (particularly a dispersed condensation fluid environment) to form substantially endless fibers, collecting the fibers on a fiber support unit to form a fabric, and adjusting process parameters such that at least 1% of the fibers have a non-circular cross-sectional shape with a roundness of no more than 90%. According to another exemplary embodiment, an apparatus is provided for manufacturing (particularly melt-blown) nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics directly from a lyocell spinning solution, wherein the apparatus includes a nozzle with orifices configured to extrude the lyocell spinning solution under the aid of an airflow; a coagulation unit configured to provide a coagulating fluid environment for the extruded lyocell spinning solution to form substantially endless fibers; a fiber support unit configured to collect the fibers to form a fabric; and a control unit (such as a processor configured to execute code for manufacturing nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics directly from a lyocell spinning solution), configured to adjust process parameters such that at least 1% of the fibers have a non-circular cross-sectional shape with a roundness of no more than 90%. According to yet another embodiment, nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics having the above-described properties are used in at least one of the following groups: wipes; filters; absorbent hygiene products; medical application products; geotextiles; agricultural fabrics; clothing; products for building technology; automotive products; furnishings; industrial products; products related to beauty, leisure, sports or travel; and products related to schools or offices. According to yet another embodiment, a product or compound comprising a fabric having the above-described properties is provided. In the context of this application, the term "nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric" (which may also refer to nonwoven cellulose filament fabric) specifically refers to a fabric or web composed of a plurality of substantially endless fibers. The term "substantially endless fiber" specifically means filament fibers having a length significantly longer than conventionally known short fibers. In alternative formulations, the term "substantially endless fiber" specifically means a web formed by filament fibers having a significantly smaller amount of fiber ends per volume than conventionally known short fibers. In particular, according to exemplary embodiments of the invention, the endless fibers of the fabric may have an amount of fiber ends per volume of less than 10,000 ends / cm³, particularly less than 5,000 ends / cm³. For example, when short fibers are used as a substitute for cotton, they may have a length of 38 mm (corresponding to the typical natural length of cotton fibers). In contrast, the substantially endless fibers of the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric may have a length of at least 200 mm, particularly at least 1000 mm. However, those skilled in the art will know that even unterminated cellulose fibers can be interrupted, which may occur during or / or after fiber formation. As a result, nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics made from substantially unterminated cellulose fibers have a significantly lower fiber count per mass compared to nonwoven fabrics made from short fibers of the same denier. Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics can be manufactured by spinning a plurality of fibers and drawing and stretching them toward a preferred movable fiber support unit. This forms a three-dimensional network or web of cellulose fibers, constituting the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric. This fabric can be made from cellulose as the main component (or only as a component). In the context of this application, the term "lyocell spinning solution" may specifically refer to a solvent (e.g., a polar solution of a material, such as N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; NMMO; "amine oxide"; or "AO") in which cellulose (e.g., wood pulp or other cellulose-based raw materials) is dissolved. A lyocell spinning solution is a solution, not a melt. Cellulose filaments can be produced from a lyocell spinning solution by reducing the concentration of the solvent (e.g., by contacting the filaments with water). The process of producing cellulose fibers from a lyocell spinning solution can be described as coagulation. In the context of this application, the term "airflow" can specifically refer to the flow of gas (e.g., air) that is substantially parallel to the direction of movement of the cellulose fiber or its preform (i.e., the lyocell spinning solution) when the lyocell spinning solution leaves the spinning nozzle (and / or after the lyocell spinning solution has left the spinning nozzle, or after the lyocell spinning solution has left the spinning nozzle). In the context of this application, the term "condensate fluid" may specifically refer to a non-solvent fluid (i.e., a gas and / or liquid, optionally including solid particles) that has the ability to dilute a lyocell spinning solution and exchange with a solvent to a certain extent, thereby causing cellulose fibers to form from lyocell filaments. For example, such a condensate fluid may be a water mist. In the context of this application, the term "process parameters" can specifically refer to all physical, and / or chemical, and / or device parameters of the substances and / or apparatus components used in the manufacture of nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics, which may affect the properties of the fibers and / or fabrics, particularly the fiber diameter and / or fiber diameter distribution. These process parameters can be automatically adjusted by a control unit and / or manually adjusted by the user, thereby tuning or adjusting the properties of the fibers in the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric. Physical parameters that may affect fiber properties (particularly their diameter or diameter distribution) can be the temperature, pressure, and / or density of the various media involved in the process (such as lyocell spinning solution, condensate, airflow, etc.). Chemical parameters can be the concentration, quantity, and pH value of the media involved (such as lyocell spinning solution, condensate, etc.). Device parameters can be the size and / or distance between orifices, the distance between the orifices and the fiber support unit, the transport speed of the fiber support unit, the provision of one or more arbitrary in-situ post-processing units, airflow, etc. The term “fiber” may specifically denote an elongated piece containing a cellulose material, e.g., a roughly circular, or irregularly formed section arbitrarily aligned with other fibers. The fibers may have an aspect ratio greater than 10, particularly greater than 100, and more particularly greater than 1000. Appearance ratio is the ratio between fiber length and fiber diameter. Fibers can form networks through interconnections either by merging (so as to form an overall multi-fiber structure) or by recourse (so that the fibers remain separated, but by weak mechanical coupling of the frictional forces exerted when the fibers in mutual movement are in physical contact with each other). The fiber may have a substantial cylindrical form, however it may be straight, curved, kinked, or arc-shaped. Fibers may consist of a single homogeneous material (also, cellulose). However, the fiber may also contain one or more additives. Liquid materials (such as water or oil) can accumulate between the fibers. In the context of this document, a "jet nozzle having an orifice" (which may, for example, be represented as a "configuration of an orifice") may be any structure comprising a configuration of a linearly configured orifice. In the context of the present application, the term "true roundness" may specifically denote the ratio between the inscribed circle and the circumscribed circle of a fiber section, i.e., just the maximum and minimum dimensions of a circle sufficient to fit within the sectional shape of the fiber, and encompassing the section shape of the fiber. To determine the true roundness, a section perpendicular to the direction of fiber extension can be intersected with the fiber. Thus, true roundness can be expressed as the extent to which the cross-sectional shape of each fiber is measured close to 100% of the circle of true roundness. For example, the cross-section of the respective fibers may have an oval (particularly oval (elliptic)) shape or may have a polygonal shape. Universally, the trajectory defining the outer bounds of the fiber section may be any closed plane line showing the deviation from the circle. The section of the respective fibers may be perfectly circular or may have one or more sharp edges. According to an exemplary embodiment, a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric is provided having substantially no end fibers and exhibiting a significant deviation from the overall cylindrical shape. From a mechanical perspective, this also results in the preferred bending direction of the fibers being defined by the design of the fiber cross-section under mechanical load. For example, where the fibers have an elliptical cross-sectional shape with two principal axes of different lengths (i.e., the major axis and the minor axis), bending will occur primarily along the minor axis as the bending line under applied force. Therefore, the bending characteristics of such fiber fabrics are no longer statistical and unpredictable; instead, a definite order is added to the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric. Thus, the definite mechanical properties of the fabric can be adjusted in a simple way by simply influencing the cross-sectional geometry of individual fibers. The lay-down behavior or network behavior of the fibers can also be adjusted by adjusting the deviation of some or substantially all of the fibers from perfect roundness. Furthermore, nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics with anisotropic mechanical properties can be manufactured when the non-cylindrical fibers are arranged in an ordered or partially ordered manner. [Simplified Explanation of the Diagram] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to examples of embodiments, but the invention is not limited thereto: FIG1 illustrates an apparatus for manufacturing a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric formed directly from a lyocell spinning solution, which is condensed by a coagulating fluid, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Figures 2 to 4 show experimental captured images of nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the merging of individual fibers is accomplished by specific process control. Figures 5 and 6 show experimental captured images of nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention (where fiber swelling has been completed), wherein Figure 5 shows the fiber fabric in a dry, non-swollen state, and Figure 6 shows the fiber fabric in a wet, swollen state. Figure 7 shows an experimentally captured image of a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the formation of two stacked layers of fibers is accomplished by implementing a specific process of two tandem nozzles. Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram illustrating how adjusting the roundness of the fiber cross-section to deviate from a circular cross-section can promote a pronounced bending of the fiber. 9 shows an experimentally captured image of a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, plotting fibers having a cross-sectional shape that deviates from a circular shape. 10 shows an experimentally captured image of a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, wherein the fiber having a cross-sectional shape that deviates from a circle is partially spiked. FIG. FIG. 13 illustrates a device for fabricating a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric, wherein the process is controlled to trigger the formation of amalgamated sites between fibers, according to another illustrative embodiment of the invention. 14, according to yet another illustrative embodiment of the present invention, illustrates a component of an apparatus for fabricating a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric, wherein the process is controlled to trigger the formation of merging positions between fibers having a true roundness that deviates from the circular true roundness (by applying a lateral force to the oval endless fiber during agglomeration). 15, according to yet another illustrative embodiment of the invention, illustrates a component of a device for fabricating a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric having an orifice that is shaped to form a fiber having a true roundness that deviates from a circular true roundness and resulting in mechanical strengthening of the fabric. 16 is a schematic diagram of a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, depicting a fiber having a cross-sectional shape that deviates from a circular shape, and as a result, the fibers are roughly configured along a preferred direction. [Implementation Method] In the following, additional illustrative embodiments of nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics, methods of manufacturing nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics, devices, products or complexes for making nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics, and methods of use are described. In the embodiments, at least 3%, particularly at least 5%, and even more particularly at least 10% of the fibers have a non-circular cross-sectional shape with a roundness of no more than 90%. More specifically, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 50%, or at least 80% of the fibers may have a non-circular cross-sectional shape with a roundness of no more than 90%, no more than 80%, no more than 70%, no more than 60%, no more than 50%, or no more than 30%. The higher the amount of fibers deviating from a circular cross-sectional shape, the greater the deviation of the manufactured fiber fabric from isotropic mechanical behavior, and the more significant the adjustability of the fabric's mechanical properties. In the embodiments, at least 1%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 50%, or at least 80% of the fibers have a non-circular cross-sectional shape with a roundness of no more than 80%, particularly no more than 70%, and even more particularly no more than 50%. More specifically, at least 1% of the fibers may have a non-circular cross-sectional shape with a roundness of no more than 60%, no more than 50%, no more than 40%, or no more than 10%. The higher the amount of fibers deviating at least from a circular cross-sectional shape, the greater the deviation of the manufactured fiber fabric from isotropic mechanical behavior, and the more significant the adjustability of the fabric's mechanical properties. For example, by adjusting the number and / or shape of the orifices, the percentage of fibers with a non-circular cross-sectional shape having a corresponding sphericity value can be adjusted through which the lyocell spinning solution is ejected, and which forms fibers after coagulation. Additionally or alternatively, for example, by adjusting the number of filaments in the lyocell spinning solution (which undergoes mechanical impact to change its cross-sectional shape before coagulation), the percentage of fibers with a non-circular cross-sectional shape having a corresponding sphericity value can be adjusted. In this embodiment, based on the nonwoven standard WSP90.3, the smoothness and specific hand feel of the fabric were measured using a "Handle-O-Meter" and were found to be within the range of 2 mNm² / g and 70 mNm² / g, respectively. By changing the process parameters of the manufacturing method, the smoothness can therefore be varied over a wide range. When designing fibers with non-circular cross-sections or non-cylindrical geometries, sufficient and well-defined fabric stability may already be ensured. The surface smoothness (even very high smoothness) can then be freely adjusted without compromising the fabric's stability. Based on the nonwoven standard WSP90.3, the smoothness of the mentioned fabrics can be measured using a "Fabric Hand Feel Tester" (commercially available from Thwing-Albert Instrument Co., Philadelphia, PA). To determine fabric smoothness, the pivot arm of the "Fabric Hand Feel Tester" is lowered, and a sample of fabric (e.g., a square with dimensions of 10cm x 10cm) is pressed into an adjustable parallel slit. The force required to press the sample into the slit is measured. During this procedure, bending and frictional forces are applied to the sample. The average values ​​measured in the CD and MD directions correspond to the average force required to press the sample through the slit. The ratio between the average force (e.g., expressed in mN) and the basic weight of the fabric (e.g., expressed in g / m²) yields the smoothness value (measured as a specific hand feel), expressed in mNm² / g, which represents the smoothness of the fabric material. In the embodiments, the fibers have a copper content of less than 5 ppm and / or a nickel content of less than 2 ppm. The ppm values ​​mentioned in this application are all in terms of mass (not volume). Furthermore, for each individual chemical element, heavy metal contamination of the fiber or fabric may not exceed 10 ppm. Due to the use of lyocell spinning solution as the basis for forming endless fiber-based fabrics (especially when solvents such as N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; NMMO are involved), contamination of the fabric with heavy metals such as copper or nickel (which can cause allergic reactions in users) can be kept very low. Due to the concept of directly merging fibers under certain conditions that can be adjusted through process control, no additional materials (such as glue or the like) need to be introduced in the process used to interconnect the fibers. This results in very low fabric contamination. In the embodiments, at least a portion (particularly at least 10%, more particularly at least 20%) of the fibers are integrally merged at the merging locations. In the context of this application, the term "merging" can specifically refer to the integral interconnection of different fibers at various merging locations, resulting in the formation of a single, integrally connected fiber structure composed of previously separated fiber preforms. Merging can be described as establishing fiber-fiber connections during the cohesion of one, some, or all of the merged fibers. The interconnected fibers can adhere strongly to each other at the various merging locations without requiring different additional materials (e.g., separate adhesives) to form a common structure. Separating the merged fibers may require disrupting the fiber network or its components. According to the described embodiments, a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric is provided in which some or all of the fibers are integrally connected to each other by merging. Merging can be triggered by appropriate control of the process parameters of the method for manufacturing the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric. Specifically, the cohesion of these filaments can be triggered (or at least completed) after the first contact between the filaments in a lyocell spinning solution that is not yet in a precipitated solid fiber state. Therefore, the interaction between these filaments (while still in solution, and then or subsequently transformed into solid phases by coagulation) allows for appropriate adjustment of the merging characteristics. The degree of merging is a powerful parameter that can be used to fine-tune the properties of the manufactured fabric. Specifically, the greater the mechanical stability of the network, the higher the density of merging sites. It is also possible to adjust regions of high mechanical stability and other regions of low mechanical stability by means of the non-uniform distribution of merging sites across the fabric volume. For example, separating the fabric into individual components can precisely limit merging to localized mechanically weak areas with a small number of merging sites. In a preferred embodiment, merging between fibers can be triggered by bringing different fiber preforms into direct contact with each other in the form of a lyocell spinning solution before coagulation. This coagulation process performs single-material co-precipitation of the fibers, thereby forming merging sites. In this embodiment, the merging points or merging locations are composed of the same material as the merging fibers. Therefore, merging locations can be formed by cellulose material produced directly from the coagulation of the lyocell spinning solution. This not only makes it optional to provide separate fiber bonding materials (such as adhesives or binders), but also keeps the fabric clean and made from a single material. The formation of fibers with non-circular cross-sections and the formation of interconnected fibers by merging can be accomplished by a single common process. This is because the formation of merging locations between fibers (such as merging points or merging lines) and the formation of fibers with cross-sections deviating from a perfect circular diameter can both be achieved by applying mechanical force to the filaments in the lyocell spinning solution before coagulation is complete. However, the filaments in the lyocell spinning solution may be subject to mechanical influence while they are still in the liquid phase. Descriptively speaking, applying mechanical pressure to filaments in a still liquid or viscous (often honey-like consistency) Lyocell spinning solution promotes the transformation of cylindrical filaments into non-circular cross-sectional shapes (e.g., oval (especially elliptical)), thereby reducing roundness. Simultaneously, applying this mechanical pressure to filaments in a still liquid or viscous Lyocell spinning solution, and bringing them into physical contact, triggers the formation of merging sites between fibers during coagulation. In this embodiment, the different fibers are located at least partially in different distinguishable layers (i.e., showing visible separation or interface regions between layers). For example, the different mechanical properties between layers and at the interfaces between layers can be adjusted by individually adjusting the roundness values ​​of the fibers in each layer. More specifically, the fibers of different layers are integrally joined at at least one merging point between the layers. Thus, different fibers located at least partially in different distinguishable layers (which may be the same or different with respect to one or more parameters, such as merging factor, fiber thickness, etc.) can be integrally joined at at least one merging point. For example, two (or more) different layers of a fabric can be formed by sequentially arranging two (or more) orifice-equipped nozzles through which a lyocell spinning solution is extruded for coagulation and fiber formation. When this configuration is combined with a moving fiber support unit (such as a conveyor belt with a fiber-receiving surface), a first layer of fibers is formed on the fiber support unit by a first nozzle, and a second layer of fibers is formed on the first layer by the second nozzle when the moving fiber support unit reaches the position of a second nozzle. The process parameters of this method can be adjusted such that the merging point is formed between the first and second layers. Specifically, the forming second layer of fibers has not yet been fully cured or solidified by coagulation, and may, for example, still have an outer skin or surface area that is still in the liquid lyocell solution phase and has not yet been fully cured. When such pre-fiber structures come into contact with each other and subsequently fully cure into a solid fiber state, this results in the formation of two merged fibers at the interface between different layers. The more merging points there are, the higher the interconnection stability between the fabric layers. Therefore, controlling the merging allows for control over the rigidity of the connection between the fabric layers. For example, merging can be controlled by adjusting the degree of curing or coagulation before the pre-fiber structures of each layer reach the fiber underlayer or the fiber support plate on the pre-fiber structure. By merging the fibers of different layers at their interfaces, unintended separation of layers can be prevented. In the absence of merging points between layers, it is possible for one layer of fibers to peel off from another. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the degree of adhesion between fibers and / or layers can be gradually adjusted between "unmerged fibers or layers" and "fully merged fibers or layers". As a result, the adhesion, particularly between different layers, can be controlled and adjusted to functionalize the fabric of products made from fabric. For example, such (especially multi-layered) fabrics can be used to manufacture packaging that provides slight adhesive force, allowing the packaged product to be properly handled through its weakly adhesive components. To determine the aforementioned merging factor of the fabric (which can also be expressed as an area merging factor), the following assay procedure can be performed: Square samples of the fabric can be analyzed optically. Circles are drawn around the respective merged positions of the fibers that cross at least one diagonal of the square specimen having a diameter that must remain completely inside the square specimen. The dimensions of the circles were determined such that the circles covered the merged region between the merged fibers. Calculate the arithmetic mean of the diameter of the determined circle. The merging factor was calculated as the ratio between the mean diameter value of the square sample and the diagonal length and could be expressed as a percentage. In embodiments, at least part of the fiber is spiked. Adding fibers is a more powerful tool for designing the mechanical strength of fiber networks. For example, the fibers of the jack can have higher mechanical stability than the completely straight fibers. Similarly, the formation of fiber groups of plus pins (e.g., merged fibers of plus pins) can significantly improve the mechanical stability of the fabric in a similar manner, since the cords of the added pins have significantly higher mechanical stability than the corresponding number of single filaments. For example, the fibers of the plus jersen may be prepared by turning or rotating the filament of the Leiser spinning solution during the stretching phase (i.e., before agglomeration or settling). In particular, the application of vorticity, also, the turbulence around the filaments of the Leiser spinning solution before agglomeration can be used to form the fibers of the spun. In embodiments, the fibers are arranged anisotropically within the fabric thereby roughly defining at least one preferred arrangement direction, along which a larger portion of the fibers are arranged in the at least one preferred arrangement direction compared to other directions. In such embodiments, one set of fibers or all fibers of the fabric may be adjusted in fiber shape to deviate from the circular cross-section such that when the fibers are deposited on the fiber support unit, they are roughly or preferably arranged in one or more major directions, due to the fact that their better bending axes are determined by the deviation of the respective fiber fill angle. By taking such a measure, a certain degree of ordering can be introduced in the fabric, which results in the non-isotripic nature of the fabric being manufactured. In embodiments, adjusting the process parameters comprises applying a force to the filament of the Leiser spinning solution prior to the completion of agglomeration. Descriptively, the filament may be deformed from, for example, a cylindrical cross-sectional shape to, for example, an ovoid (particularly oval) cross-sectional shape when a compressive force is applied to a viscous and thus still mobile filament of a Lysel spinning solution prior to conversion to a solid phase. The fiber deformation force may be applied in the longitudinal extension direction perpendicular to the fiber or fiber portion under analysis. Fibers with true roundness of less than In one embodiment, force is applied to the filaments in the lyocell spinning solution prior to coagulation, by guiding a forming fluid (which may be a liquid and / or a gas) into the filaments. This forming fluid may be a forming gas (such as air) or a forming liquid (such as water). When a forming gas is used, precisely defined mechanical forces are applied to the filaments that have not yet coagulated without inducing coagulation. When a forming liquid is used, precisely defined mechanical forces are also applied to the filaments that have not yet coagulated, while coagulation is simultaneously triggered by diluting the lyocell spinning solution with a liquid (particularly aqueous). In such an embodiment, deformation and coagulation can occur simultaneously. In one embodiment, the increased pressure from the gas or liquid (i.e., fluid) flow can be configured such that the fluid flows are antiparallel at a certain location, with the fiber being formed interposed. This results in a localized asymmetric pressure increase, affecting the fiber. However, this phenomenon does not further affect the fiber manufacturing process. In embodiments, at least some of the orifices are non-circular, particularly oval (especially elliptical) or polygonal. Preferably, the openings in the jet plate of the fiber forming unit defining the orifices may have a shape with substantially the same roundness (particularly not greater than 90%) as the fibers composed of the precipitated lyocell spinning solution ejected through these individual orifices. In one embodiment, a first portion of the orifice has a circular opening, while a second portion has a non-circular opening. Thus, the shape design of the orifices also allows for the definition of the manufactured fiber shape to some extent. In this embodiment, process parameters for adjusting the merging are adjusted to create at least a partial merging position after the lyocell spinning solution has left the orifice and before it reaches the fiber support unit. This can be achieved, for example, by triggering interaction between strands of the lyocell spinning solution extruded through different orifices as the flow moves downwards. For example, the airflow can be adjusted in intensity and direction so that the different strands or filaments of the (not yet fully condensed) spinning solution are forced to interact with each other in the transverse direction before reaching the fiber support unit. The airflow can also be operated in a near-turbulent state to promote interaction between the various fiber preforms. Thus, the individual fiber preforms can contact each other before condensation, thereby creating a merging position. In one embodiment, process parameters for adjusting the merging are adjusted, including forming at least a partial merging location after the lyocell spinning solution reaches the fiber support unit by triggering at least partial fiber aggregation upon deposition onto the fiber support unit. In such an embodiment, the aggregation process can be intentionally delayed (which can be adjusted by corresponding operation of the aggregation unit, particularly by correspondingly adjusting the properties and supply position of the aggregation fluid). More specifically, the aggregation process can be delayed until the spinning solution has reached the fiber support plate. In such an embodiment, fiber preforms are still deposited on the fiber support plate before aggregation, thereby contacting other fiber preforms before aggregation. This forces the spinning solutions of different strands or preforms to flow and contact each other, and thereafter only aggregation can be triggered or completed. Therefore, aggregation after the initial contact between different fiber preforms that are still in a non-aggregated state is an effective measure for forming a merging location. In an embodiment, adjusting the process parameters for adjusting the merging includes continuously arranging a plurality of nozzles with orifices along a movable fiber support unit, depositing a first layer of fibers on the fiber support unit, and depositing a second layer of fibers on the first layer before at least a portion of the fibers have completed agglomeration at the interfaces between the layers. For each layer to be formed, the process parameters operating the corresponding nozzle can be adjusted to obtain layer-specific agglomeration behavior. The layer-specific agglomeration behavior of different layers can be adjusted such that merging sites are formed within the respective layers, and preferably between adjacent layers. More specifically, process control can be adjusted to promote agglomeration of the two layers only after the initial contact between the spinning solutions associated with the different layers, so as to form merging sites between two adjacent layers. In embodiments, the method further includes, after collection on the fiber support unit, further processing of the fibers and / or fabric, but preferably still forming a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with endless fibers in situ. This in-situ process can be performed before the manufactured (particularly substantially endless) fabric is stored (e.g., wound up by a winding machine) for transport to the product manufacturing destination. For example, this further processing may involve water entanglement. Water entanglement can be represented as a bonding process of a wet or dry fiber web, resulting in a nonwoven fabric. Water entanglement can be achieved using fine, high-pressure water jets that penetrate the fiber web, impact the fiber support unit (particularly a conveyor belt), and bounce, causing fiber entanglement. The corresponding compression of the fabric makes it more compact and mechanically more stable. In addition to or alternatively to water entanglement, the fibers can be steam-treated with pressurized steam. Additionally or alternatively, this further processing or post-processing may involve needle punching the manufactured fabric. Needle punching systems can be used to bond the fibers of the fabric or web. When a needle passes through a fiber web, some fibers are forced through the web, leaving the fibers behind when the needle is withdrawn, thus producing a needle-punched fabric. If enough fibers are properly displaced, the web can be transformed into a fabric through the consolidation effect of these fiber plungers. Another further processing or post-treatment of the web or fabric is impregnation. Impregnating a web of endless fibers may involve applying one or more chemicals (e.g., softeners, hydrophobic agents, antistatic agents, etc.) to the fabric. Yet another further processing is calendering. Calendering can be considered a processing step involving the treatment of fabric, and a calender can be used to smooth, coat, and / or compress the fabric. The nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention may also be combined with one or more other materials (e.g., in situ or in a subsequent process) to form a composite according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Exemplary materials that may be combined with the fabric used to form such a composite may be selected from the group comprising (but not limited to) the following materials or combinations thereof: staple fiber pulp, fiber suspension, wet-laid nonwoven fabric, air-laid nonwoven fabric, spunbond web, meltblown web, carded jet web, or needle-punched web, or other sheet-like structures made of various materials. In embodiments, the joining of different materials may be performed by (but not limited to) one or a combination of the following processes: merging, water entanglement, needle punching, hydrogen bonding, thermal bonding, adhesive bonding, lamination, and / or calendering. The following summarizes exemplary advantageous products that include or use nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention: The special uses of webs (100% cellulose fiber webs, or webs comprising two or more types of fibers, or chemically modified fibers, or fibers with incorporated materials (such as antibacterial materials, ion exchange materials, activated carbon, nanoparticles, detergents, pharmaceuticals, or flame retardants, or bicomponent fibers) can be as follows: Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be used to manufacture wipes, such as baby wipes, kitchen wipes, wet wipes, cosmetic wipes, sanitary wipes, medical wipes, cleaning wipes, polishing wipes (for automobiles and furniture), dust wipes, industrial wipes, duster wipes, and mop wipes. Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention may also be used to manufacture filters. For example, such filters may be air filters, HVAC filters, air conditioning filters, flue gas filters, liquid filters, coffee filters, tea bags, coffee bags, food filters, water purification filters, blood filters, cigarette filters, cabin filters, oil filters, cartridge filters, vacuum filters, vacuum cleaner filter bags, dust filters, hydraulic filters, kitchen filters, fan filters, water exchange filters, pollen filters, HEVAC / HEPA / ULPA filters, beer filters, milk filters, liquid coolant filters, and juice filters. In yet another embodiment, nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics can be used to manufacture absorbent hygiene products. Examples include collection layers, breathable hygiene fabrics (coverstock), absorbent covers, distribution layers, panty liners, coverstocks, back panels, leg cuffs, washable products, pads, nursing pads, disposable underwear, training pants, face masks, beauty masks, makeup remover pads, towels, diapers, and washer-dryer paper for releasing active ingredients (such as textile softeners). In yet another embodiment, nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics can be used to manufacture products for medical applications. For example, such medical applications may include disposable caps, gowns, masks and shoe covers, wound care products, sterile packaging products, breathable fabric products for healthcare and hygiene, dressing materials, one-way garments, dialysis products, nasal strips, dental lamina adhesives, disposable underwear, curtains, wraps and packs, sponges, dressings and wipes, bedding, transdermal drug delivery systems, shrouds, nursing pads, procedure packs, heating packs, ostomy bag liners, fixation patches, and incubator mats. In yet another embodiment, nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics can be used to manufacture geotextiles. This can relate to protective mulches for crop production, felts, water purification, irrigation control, bitumen cover, soil stabilization, drainage, sediment and erosion control, pond liners, impregnated substrates, drainage liner, ground stabilization, pit linings, seed blankets, weed control fabrics, greenhouse shading, root bags, and biodegradable plant pots. Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics can also be used for plant foils (e.g., to provide light and / or mechanical protection for plants, and / or to provide manure or seeds for plants or soil). In another embodiment, nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics can be used to manufacture clothing. For example, linings, clothing insulation and protection, handbag components, shoe components, padded garments, industrial caps / shoes, disposable work clothes, clothing and shoe bags, and thermal insulation can be manufactured based on such fabrics. In yet another embodiment, nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics can be used to manufacture products for building technologies. For example, such fabrics can be used to manufacture roofing and tile underlayment, slate underlayment, thermal and sound insulation, house wrap, gypsum board finish, pipe wrap, concrete molding layer, foundation and ground stabilization, vertical drainage systems, paving, roofing felt, noise reduction, reinforcement, sealing materials, and damping materials (mechanical). In yet another embodiment, nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics can be used to manufacture automotive products. Examples include cabin filters, boot liners, storage racks, heat shields, shelf trims, molded cover liners, boot sole covers, oil filters, headliners, rear storage racks, decorative fabrics, airbags, muffler pads, insulating materials, car covers, underpadding, car floor mats, magnetic tape, backings and tufted carpets, seat covers, door trims, needle-punched carpets, and automotive carpet backings. Another area of ​​application for fabrics manufactured according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention is home furnishing products, such as furniture, structures, arm and back insulators, cushioning, dust covers, padding, stitching reinforcements, edge trim, bed frame structures, quilt backings, spring wraps, mattress pad assemblies, mattress covers, curtains, wall coverings, carpet backings, lampshades, mattress assemblies, spring insulators, seals, pillow jacquards, and mattress jacquards. In yet another embodiment, nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics can be used to manufacture industrial products. This may relate to electronic products, floppy disk liners, cable insulation, abrasives, insulating tapes, conveyor belts, noise-absorbing layers, air conditioners, battery separators, acid systems, anti-slip felt decontaminators, food packaging, tapes, sausage casings, cheese casings, artificial leather, oil booms and socks, and paper felt. The nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are also suitable for manufacturing products related to leisure and travel. Examples of such applications include sleeping bags, tents, suitcases, handbags, shopping bags, airline headrests, CD cases, pillowcases, and sandwich packaging. Another area of ​​application of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention relates to school and office products. For example, book covers, mailing envelopes, maps, signs and pennants, towels, and flags should be mentioned. The illustrations in the accompanying drawings are schematic. Similar or identical elements or features are given the same reference numerals in different figures. Figure 1 illustrates an apparatus 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention for manufacturing a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 directly formed from a lyocell spinning solution 104. The lyocell spinning solution 104 is at least partially condensed by a condensing fluid 106 to transform into partially formed cellulose fibers 108. The apparatus 100 allows for the execution of a lyocell solution jet spinning method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In the context of this application, the term "lyocell solution jet spinning method" may specifically encompass a method for obtaining substantially endless filaments or fibers 108 of discrete lengths, or a mixture of endless filaments and fibers of discrete lengths. As further described below, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, nozzles, each having an orifice 126, through which the cellulose solution or lyocell spinning solution 104 is jetted together with a gas stream or gas flow 146 for manufacturing the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102. As shown in Figure 1, wood pulp 110 and other cellulose-based raw materials can be supplied to storage tank 114 via metering unit 113. Water from water container 112 is also supplied to storage tank 114 via metering unit 113. Therefore, under the control of control unit 140, which is described in further detail below, metering unit 113 can define the relative amounts of water and wood pulp 110 to be supplied to storage tank 114. Solvents (such as N-methylmorpholine N-oxide; NMMO) contained in solvent container 116 can be concentrated in concentration unit 118 and then mixed with a mixture of water and wood pulp 110, or other cellulose-based raw materials, in mixing unit 119 in a determinable relative amount. Mixing unit 119 can also be controlled by control unit 140. Thus, by dissolving the water-wood pulp 110 medium in the concentrated solvent of dissolving unit 120 in an adjustable relative amount, lyocell spinning solution 104 is obtained. Aqueous Lyocell spinning solution 104 can be a honey-viscous medium consisting of wood pulp 110 and a solvent (e.g., 85% to 95% by mass) of cellulose (e.g., 5% to 15% by mass). The lyocell spinning solution 104 is fed to the fiber forming unit 124 (which may be implemented as or may include multiple spinning bundles or nozzles 122). For example, the number of orifices 126 of the nozzles 122 may be greater than 50, particularly greater than 100. In one embodiment, all orifices 126 of the fiber forming unit 124 (which may include multiple spinning bundles or nozzles 122) may have the same size and / or shape. Alternatively, the size and / or shape of the orifices 126 of a single nozzle 122 and / or the orifices 126 of different nozzles 122 (which may be sequentially configured for forming multilayer fabrics) may be different. As the lyocell spinning solution 104 passes through the orifice 126 of the nozzle 122, it is divided into multiple parallel strands of the lyocell spinning solution 104. A vertically oriented airflow (i.e., oriented substantially parallel to the spinning direction) forces the lyocell spinning solution 104 into increasingly longer and finer strands, which can be adjusted by changing process conditions under the control of the control unit 140. The airflow can accelerate the lyocell spinning solution 104 along at least a portion of its path from the orifice 126 to the fiber support unit 132. As the lyocell spinning solution 104 moves through the nozzle 122 and further downward, the long, thin strands of the lyocell spinning solution 104 interact with the non-solvent condensing fluid 106. The condensing fluid 106 is advantageously implemented as a vapor mist, such as a water mist. The process-related properties of the condensing fluid 106 are controlled by one or more condensing units 128, thereby providing adjustable properties to the condensing fluid 106. The condensing units 128 are controlled sequentially by the control unit 140. Preferably, each condensing unit 128 is disposed between each nozzle or orifice 126 for individually adjusting the properties of each layer of the fabric 102 being produced. Preferably, each nozzle 122 may have two configured condensing units 128, one on each side. Each nozzle 122 can therefore be provided with a separate portion of the lyocell spinning solution 104, which can also be adjusted to different controllable properties of the fabric 102 with different layers. When interacting with the coagulating fluid 106 (e.g., water), the solvent concentration of the lyocell spinning solution 104 decreases, causing the cellulose in the coagulating fluid, such as wood pulp 110 (or other raw materials), to at least partially coagulate into long and thin cellulose fibers 108 (which may still contain residual solvent and water). During or after the initial formation of single cellulose fibers 108 from the extruded lyocell spinning solution 104, the cellulose fibers 108 are deposited on fiber support units 132, which are implemented here as conveyor belts with planar fiber-accepting surfaces. The cellulose fibers 108 form a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 (shown schematically only in FIG. 1). The nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 is composed of continuous and substantially unendable filaments or fibers 108. Although not shown in Figure 1, the solvent of the Lyocell spinning solution 104 that was condensed by the condensation unit 128 and washed in the washing unit 180 can be at least partially recovered. As the fabric is conveyed along the fiber support unit 132, the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 can be washed by the washing unit 180, which supplies washing liquid, to remove residual solvent, and then it can be dried. It can be further processed by any but advantageous further processing unit 134. For example, such further processing may involve water entanglement, needle punching, impregnation, steam treatment with pressurized steam, calendering, etc. The fiber support unit 132 can also convey the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 to the roll-up machine 136, whereby the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 can be collected as a substantially endless sheet. The nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 can then be transported as a roll-good to the entity manufacturing products based on the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 (such as wipes or textiles). As shown in Figure 1, the process can be controlled by a control unit 140 (such as a processor, a portion of the processor, or multiple processors). The control unit 140 is configured to control the operation of various units shown in Figure 1, particularly one or more metering units 113, mixing units 119, fiber forming units 124, (multiple) condensation units 128, further processing units 134, dissolving units 120, washing units 180, etc. Therefore, the control unit 140 (e.g., by executing computer-executable code and / or by executing user-defined control commands) can precisely and flexibly define process parameters according to which the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 is manufactured. Design parameters in this context include the airflow along the orifice 126, the properties of the condensation fluid 106, the drive speed of the fiber support unit 132, the composition of the lyocell spinning solution 104, temperature, and / or pressure, etc. Other design parameters (which are adjustable to adjust the properties of the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102) include the number and / or spacing and / or geometric configuration of the orifices 126, the chemical composition and concentration of the lyocell spinning solution 104, etc. Therefore, as described below, the properties of the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 can be appropriately adjusted. These adjustable properties (see the detailed description below) may relate to one or more of the following properties: the diameter and / or diameter distribution of the fibers 108, the amount and / or area of ​​merging between fibers 108, the purity level of the fibers 108, the properties of the multilayer fabric 102, the optical properties of the fabric 102, the fluid retention and / or fluid release properties of the fabric 102, the mechanical stability of the fabric 102, the smoothness of the fabric 102 surface, the cross-sectional shape of the fibers 108, etc. Although not shown, each spinning nozzle 122 may include a polymer solution inlet through which the lyocell spinning solution 104 is supplied to the nozzle 122. An airflow 146 may be applied to the lyocell spinning solution 104 via an air inlet. Starting from the interaction chamber inside the nozzle 122 and defined by the nozzle housing, the lyocell spinning solution 104 moves downward or accelerates (by being pulled downward by the airflow 146) through the respective orifices 126, and narrows laterally under the influence of the airflow 146, such that as the lyocell spinning solution 104 moves downward together with the airflow 146 in the environment of the condensing fluid 106, it forms continuously thinning cellulose filaments or cellulose fibers 108. Therefore, the manufacturing process described with reference to FIG1 may include shaping a lyocell spinning solution 104 (which may also be represented as a cellulose solution) to form liquid strands or potential filaments, which are stretched by an airflow 146 and significantly reduced in diameter and increased in length. Before or during the formation of the web on the fiber support unit 132, it may also involve partially condensing the potential filaments or fibers 108 (or their preforms) by a condensing fluid 106. The filaments or fibers 108 are then formed into a web fabric 102, washed, dried, and may be further processed as needed (see further processing unit 134). For example, the filaments or fibers 108 may be collected on, for example, a rotating drum or belt, thereby forming a web. Due to the manufacturing process, particularly the choice of solvents used, fiber 108 has a copper content of less than 5 ppm and / or a nickel content of less than 2 ppm. This advantageously improves the purity of fabric 102. The Lyocell solution-spun web (i.e., nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102) according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention preferably exhibits one or more of the following properties: (i) The dry weight of the net is 5 to 300 g / m2, preferably 10-80 g / m2. (ii) The thickness of the mesh is from 0.05 to 10.0 mm, preferably from 0.1 to 2.5 mm, according to standards WSP120.6 or DIN29073 respectively (particularly in the latest version effective as of the priority date of this patent application). (iii) According to EN29073-3 or ISO9073-3 respectively (particularly in the latest version effective on the priority date of this patent application), the specific strength range of the MD net is 0.1 to 3.0 Nm2 / g, preferably 0.4 to 2.3 Nm2 / g. (iv) According to EN29073-3 or ISO9073-3 respectively (particularly in the latest version effective as of the priority date of this patent application), the average elongation of the net ranges from 0.5% to 100%, preferably from 4% to 50%. (v) The MD / CD intensity ratio of the net is 1 to 12. (vi) According to DIN 53814 (particularly in the latest version effective on the priority date of this patent application), the water retention of the net is 1 to 250%, preferably 30 to 150%. (vii) According to DIN 53923 (particularly in the latest version effective as of the priority date of this patent application), the water retention capacity of the net ranges from 90% to 2000%, preferably from 400% to 1100%. (viii) The metal residue levels with copper content below 5 ppm and nickel content below 2 ppm were specifically determined according to the decomposition standard EN 15587-2 and the ICP-MS standard EN 17294-2. Ideally, Lyocell solution-spun yarn exhibits all of the properties (i) to (viii) mentioned above. As described, the process for producing nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 preferably includes the following: (a) A filament comprising a cellulose solution dissolved in NMMO (see reference numeral 104) is extruded through an orifice 126 of at least one nozzle 122 to form a filament of a lyocell spinning solution 104. (b) The filaments of the Lyocell spinning solution 104 are stretched by an airflow (see reference numeral 146). (c) The filaments are brought into contact with a vapor mist (see reference numeral 106) (preferably containing water) to at least partially deposit the fibers 108. Thus, the filaments or fibers 108 are at least partially deposited before forming a web or nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102. (d) Collecting and settling the filaments or fibers 108 to form a web or nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 (e) Remove solvent from the washing line (see washing unit 180) (f) Joining is performed arbitrarily via water entanglement, needle piercing, etc. (see further processing unit 134) (g) Drying and winding. The components of the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 can be combined by merging, intertwining, hydrogen bonding, physical bonding (such as water entanglement or needle binding), and / or chemical bonding. For further processing, the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 may be combined with one or more layers of the same and / or other materials, such as (not shown) synthetic polymer layers, cellulose short fiber pulp, nonwoven webs of cellulose or synthetic polymer fibers, bicomponent fibers, cellulose pulp webs (such as air-laid or wet-laid pulp), high-strength fiber webs or fabrics, hydrophobic materials, high-performance fibers (such as heat-resistant or flame-retardant materials), layers that impart altered mechanical properties to the final product (such as polypropylene or polyester layers), biodegradable materials (e.g., membranes, fibers, or webs from polylactic acid), and / or high-bulk materials. It is also possible to combine several distinguishable layers of nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102, see, for example, Figure 7. The nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 may consist essentially of cellulose alone. Alternatively, the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 may comprise a mixture of cellulose and one or more other cellulose materials. Furthermore, the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 may comprise bicomponent cellulose materials. The cellulose materials in the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 may at least partially comprise a modifying substance. The modifying substance may be selected from, for example, the group consisting of: polymer resins, inorganic resins, inorganic pigments, antibacterial products, nanoparticles, detergents, flame retardant products, absorbency improvers (such as superabsorbent resins), ion exchange resins, carbon compounds (such as activated carbon, graphite, conductive carbon), X-ray contrast materials, luminescent pigments, and dyes. Finally, the cellulose nonwoven web or nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 directly manufactured from the lyocell spinning solution 104 makes it possible to achieve value-added web properties that are impossible to obtain via the short fiber path. This includes the opportunity to form a uniform, lightweight web, manufacture microfiber products, and manufacture continuous filaments or fibers 108 that form the web. Furthermore, several manufacturing processes are no longer required compared to short fiber webs. Moreover, the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention is biodegradable and manufactured from sustainably sourced raw materials (i.e., wood pulp 110, etc.). In addition, it has advantages in purity and absorbency. Furthermore, it has adjustable mechanical strength, stiffness, and softness. In addition, the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention can be manufactured in a low weight per unit area (e.g., 10 to 30 g / m2). With this technology, very fine filaments with diameters as small as (or not exceeding) 5 μm, particularly not greater than 3 μm, can be manufactured. Furthermore, the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be formed with various web aesthetics, for example, in a flat, crispy film-like manner, in a paper-like manner, or in a soft, flexible textile-like manner. The stiffness and mechanical rigidity, or flexibility and softness, of the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 can be precisely adjusted by adjusting the process parameters of the aforementioned process. This can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the number of merging points, the number of layers, or by post-processing (such as needle punching, water entanglement, and / or calendering). It is particularly possible to manufacture nonwoven cellulose fiber fabrics 102 with a relatively low base weight of as low as 10 g / m² or less to obtain filaments or fibers 108 with very small diameters (e.g., as low as 3 to 5 μm or less). Figures 2, 3, and 4 show experimentally captured images of a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the merging of individual fibers 108 is accomplished by appropriate process control. The oval markers in Figures 2 to 4 indicate such merging regions where multiple fibers 108 are integrally connected to each other. At such merging points, two or more fibers 108 can be interconnected to form an integral structure. Figures 5 and 6 show experimental captured images of a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention (where the swelling of the fibers 108 has been completed), wherein Figure 5 shows the fiber fabric 102 in a dry, unswollen state, and Figure 6 shows the fiber fabric 102 in a wet, swollen state. The pore diameter can be measured in both states of Figures 5 and 6 and can be compared with each other. When the average of 30 measurements is calculated, the pore size is measured to be reduced to 47% of its initial diameter by the swelling of the fibers 108 in an aqueous medium. Figure 7 shows an experimentally captured image of a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in which two stacked layers 200, 202 of fibers 108 are formed by a corresponding process design (i.e., a continuous arrangement of multiple spinning nozzles). In Figure 7, the two separate but connected layers 200, 202 are indicated by a horizontal line. For example, n layers of fabric 102 (n2) can be manufactured by continuously arranging n spinning nozzles or jet nozzles 122 along the machine direction. The following will describe specific exemplary embodiments of the invention in more detail: FIG8 shows a schematic drawing which will be used to explain how adjusting the roundness of the cross section of fiber 108 to deviate from a circular cross section can promote a pronounced bending of fiber 108. To explain this phenomenon, Figure 8 shows fiber 108 in a straight, force-free state (top) and in a bent state (bottom). When fiber 108 has a perfectly cylindrical cross-section, even a very small bending force can cause fiber 108 to bend along an unpredictable bending axis. Therefore, in practical applications, it is impossible to predict or determine the direction along which the bundle of fiber 108 with a perfectly cylindrical cross-section will be bent. However, when the roundness of fiber 108 deviates significantly from a certain value (i.e., the cross-section of fiber 108 deviates from a perfect circle, for example, the shape is oval (especially elliptical)), a better bending axis is defined along which bending can be achieved in a simpler way (or with less force) than in the direction perpendicular to it. For example, a smaller force with a shorter minor axis as the bending line can bend fiber 108 with an oval-elliptical cross-section compared to using a longer major axis as the bending line. Applying this phenomenon to the fiber design of fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the design of fibers 108 of such fabric 102 having a circular cross-section allows for the predictable definition of the preferred bending axis of fibers 108. When filaments of lyocell spinning solution 104 are deposited on fiber support unit 132 to form fibers 108 by aggregation, they will be arranged in a predictable, and not merely statistical, order along the fiber receiving surface of fiber support unit 132. Therefore, by defining the cross-section of fibers 108 to deviate from circular symmetry geometry, the mechanical properties of fabric 102 can be precisely defined. Thus, due to the definition of the significant non-circular true roundness of fibers 108, predictability can be introduced into nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102. Finally, by adjusting the manufacturing process accordingly, the deviation of at least some fibers 108 of nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention from cylindrical geometry is adjusted, allowing for the precise definition of the mechanical properties of fabric 102, and in particular, allowing for the acquisition of fabric 102 with high mechanical strength. Figure 9 shows an experimentally captured image of a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, illustrating fibers 108 having a cross-sectional shape that deviates from a circle. Preferably, extending longitudinally along at least part of the fibers 108, at least 10% of the fibers 108 have a noncircular cross-sectional shape of no greater than 50% of true roundness. Due to this strong deviation of the significant subset of fibers 108 from the cylindrical geometry, a degree of regularity can be defined in the fabric 102 . This permits fine-tuning of the mechanical properties of the obtained fabric 102 . On the basis of the nonwoven standard WSP 90.3, the smoothness of fabric 102 measured with the Fabric Hand Feel Tester can be freely adjusted over a wide range between 2 mNm2 / g and 70 mNm2 / g, as the desired mechanical strength is precisely defined by resorting to the non-circular true roundness design of at least some fibers 108 . Due to the manufacturing process of fabric 102 referenced to FIG. Thus, fabric 102 with very small heavy metal contaminants can be manufactured, ensuring the biocompatibility of the fabric 102 and preventing allergic reactions when the fabric 102 is in physical contact with human skin. 10 shows an experimentally captured image of a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention, wherein fiber 108 having a cross-sectional shape that deviates from a circle is partially splinted. In the embodiment of FIG. 10 , some fibers 108 are jerked. Thus, these fibers 108 extend longitudinally along at least part of them, forming a slightly helical structure. This fiber addition allows the obtained nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 to have mechanical strength while allowing some elastic adjustment of the fabric 100 . Specifically, the combination of fibers 108 with true roundness deviating from one, warp ligation, and merging with each other at the merging position 204 provides the fabric 102 with some degree of flexibility. FIG. According to FIG. The multilayer fabric 102 shown in Figure 11 is particularly suitable for applications such as medical applications and agricultural textiles. For example, active substances can be stored in the inner layer 200, which exhibits high capillary activity. The outer layers 200 and 202 can be designed according to rigidity and surface feel. This is advantageous for cleaning and medical applications. For agricultural applications, the fiber layer design can be specifically configured according to evaporation properties and / or root penetration. In another application, the multilayer fabric 102 shown in Figure 11 can be used as a face mask, wherein the middle layer 200 can have a particularly significant fluid retention capacity. The cover layers 200, 202 can be configured to adjust fluid release properties. The diameter of the fibers 108 in each layer 200, 200, 202 can be used as a design parameter to adjust these functions. Therefore, the fibers 108 shown in Figure 11 are located in three different distinguishable layers 200 and 202. The fibers 108 of the different layers 200 and 202 are integrally merged at the merging point 204 between the layers 200 and 202. Furthermore, at least some of the fibers 108 are provided with a non-circular cross-section having a sphericity of no more than 90%, which provides a certain degree of order in each layer 200 and 202 and reinforces the fabric 102. Figure 12 shows how, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the roundness value of a fiber 108 having a cross-section deviating from a circular cross-section is calculated as the ratio between the radii of the inscribed circle 280 and the circumscribed circle 282 of the cross-section of the fiber 108. The smallest circumcircle 282 is defined as the smallest circle enclosing the entire roundness profile of the cross-section of fiber 108 shown in FIG. 12. The largest incircle 280 is defined as the largest circle inscribed in the entire roundness profile of the cross-section of fiber 108 shown in FIG. 12. In the context of this application, roundness can be defined as the ratio between the radius r of the incircle 280 and the radius R of the circumcircle 282. Roundness can be expressed as a percentage value. In this example, R2r and the roundness of fiber 108 are therefore approximately 0.5 or 50%. For comparison, cylindrical fiber 108 satisfies the condition R=r and has a roundness of 1 or 100%. Figure 13 illustrates a portion of an apparatus 100 for manufacturing a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric consisting of two stacked layers 200, 202 of endless cellulose fibers 108. Due to the movable fiber receiving surface of the conveyor belt-type fiber support unit 132, the upstream nozzle 122 on the left side of Figure 13 produces the layer 202 of fibers 108. Other layers 200 of fibers 108 are produced by the downstream nozzle 122 (on the right side of Figure 13) and attached to the upper main surface of the previously formed layer 202, thereby obtaining the double layers 200, 202 of the fabric 102. According to Figure 13, the control unit 140 (controlling the nozzle 122 and the condensation unit 128) is configured to adjust the process parameters so that at least a portion of the fibers 108 are merged together at the merging position 204 between layers 200 and 202. Although not shown in Figure 13, the fibers 108 can be further processed after being collected on the fiber support unit 132, for example by water entanglement, needle punching, and / or impregnation. Referring again to the embodiment illustrated in FIG13, one or more additional nozzle rods or nozzles 122 may be provided and may be continuously configured along the transport direction of the fiber support unit 132. Multiple nozzles 122 may be configured such that additional layers 200 of fibers 108 may be deposited on top of the previously formed layers 202 (preferably before the coagulation or curing process of fibers 108 in layers 202 and / or 200 is fully completed), which may trigger merging. When process parameters are appropriately adjusted, this may have an advantageous effect on the properties of the multilayer fabric 102: the desired merging between fibers 108 of the fabric 102 according to FIG13 may be triggered to further increase the mechanical stability of the fabric 102. In this context, merging may be adhesion of the support contact points of the filaments contacting the fibers 108, particularly before the coagulation process of one or two fibers 108 is completed. For example, merging may be facilitated by increasing the contact pressure between two filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 to be merged by a fluid flow (e.g., airflow or water flow). By taking this measure, the adhesion between the different filaments or fibers 108 of one of the layers 200 and 202 can be increased, and / or the adhesion between the layers 200 and 202 can be increased. According to the apparatus 100 of Figure 13 (configured for manufacturing multilayer fabric 102), a number of process parameters are implemented. These parameters can be used to adjust the merging factor, design the shape and / or diameter, or diameter distribution, of the fibers 108 and fiber layers 200, 202. This is the result of a sequential configuration of multiple nozzles 122, each of which can be operated with individually adjustable process parameters. When the orifices 126 of the multiple nozzles 122 are formed differently and in a non-circular manner, a fabric 102 with fibers 108 having a cross-section that deviates from a circle can also be formed. Such fibers 108 can be oval, elliptical, rectangular, triangular, polygonal, with sharp and / or rounded edges, etc. For the apparatus 100 according to FIG. 13, a fabric 102 consisting of at least two layers 200, 202 (preferably more than two layers) can be manufactured. By clearly separating the layers of the multilayer fabric 102, the multilayer fabric 102 can later be divided into different individual layers 200, 202 or different multilayer portions. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the intralayer adhesion of the fibers 108 of a layer 200, 202 and the interlayer adhesion of the fibers 108 between adjacent layers 200, 202 (e.g., by merging and / or by friction to create contact) can be suitably and individually adjusted. When the process parameters are adjusted such that the cohesion or solidification of the fibers 108 of another layer 202 is completed when one layer 200 of fibers 108 is placed on top, individual control corresponding to each individual layer 200, 202 can be particularly obtained. For example, adjusting the process parameters for adjusting the merging according to Figure 13 includes continuously arranging a plurality of nozzles 122 with orifices 126 along the movable fiber support unit 132, depositing a first layer 202 of fibers 108 on the fiber support unit 132, and depositing a second layer 200 of fibers 108 on the first layer 202 before all fibers 108 have been fused at the interface between layers 200, 202. Therefore, different fibers 108 of the fabric 102 may be located in different distinguishable layers 200, 202, but can be merged by forming merging locations 204. In other words, fibers 108 of different layers 200, 202 can be merged together at one or more merging locations 204 between layers 200, 202. Figure 14 illustrates components of an apparatus 100 for manufacturing a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention, wherein a control unit 140 controls the process to trigger the formation of a merging position between fibers 108 having a deviated roundness (by applying a lateral force to the fibers 108 during cohesion). More specifically, a spinning solution deformation unit 270 is disposed in device 100, which is configured to apply a deformation force to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 prior to coagulation. This deformation force can deform the filaments from a circular cross-section to a non-circular cross-section. As can be seen from detail 274, a portion of fabric 102 is shown before the coagulation of fibers 108 is complete, and a solution deformation force is applied to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 by guiding a forming fluid flow 272 to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 prior to coagulation. The forming fluid 272 can be an airflow and / or a liquid flow, which is guided from the spinning solution deformation unit 270 to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 before the fibers 108 settle therefrom. The pressure applied to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 by the forming fluid 272 causes the filaments to deform from, for example, a substantially circular cross-sectional shape to an elliptical or flattened shape, as shown in detail 274. When the pressure applied by the forming fluid 272 to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 is maintained until coagulation or precipitation is complete, the fibers 108 will automatically form a corresponding shape with a non-circular cross-section. When the forming fluid 272 contains water or is composed of water, the application of forming pressure can be coordinated with the coagulation and precipitation of the fibers 108 from the lyocell spinning solution 104, which is at least partially triggered by the subsequent aqueous forming fluid 272. Figure 15 illustrates a component of an apparatus 100 for manufacturing a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the component having an aperture 126 that is shaped to form fibers 108 having a roundness that deviates from a perfect circularity. Additionally or alternatively, according to the rules adopted in FIG14, for determining the roundness of at least a portion of the fibers 108 of fabric 102 to be less than 1, the orifices 126 of the nozzle 122 in FIG15 are provided with a non-circular shape. In the illustrated embodiment, alternating rows of elliptical orifices 126 are anticipated, each having its own principal axis, oriented either along a common alignment axis 236 (i.e., comparing odd-numbered rows of orifices 126 according to the horizontal direction of FIG15) or along a parallel alignment axis 238 (i.e., comparing even-numbered rows of orifices 126 according to the vertical direction of FIG15). However, it will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that the pattern of the orifices 126 shown is merely illustrative, and many other patterns of non-circular orifices 126 may be implemented according to other illustrative embodiments of the invention. Figure 16 shows a schematic diagram of a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, illustrating fibers 108 having a deviated circular cross-sectional shape, resulting in the fibers 108 being arranged or aligned generally along a preferred direction 290. In other words, the fibers 108 are anisotropically aligned within the fabric 102 to generally define a preferred alignment direction 290, along which a larger proportion of the fibers 108 are aligned compared to other directions. Figure 16 shows several fibers 108 of the fabric 102, all having a non-circular elliptical cross-section. Therefore, when the fibers 108 are deposited on the fiber support unit 132, the fibers 108 preferably bend around the alignment direction 290. As can be seen from Figure 16, some fibers 108 merge at merging positions 204 before agglomeration, while other fibers 108 cross each other at intersecting positions 264 without merging, i.e., experiencing only mutual friction. More generally, providing a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 with non-circular, unterminated fibers 108 increases stiffness and uniformity. Although each individual process of depositing one of the fibers 108 onto the fiber support unit 132 has a statistical effect, a predictably better deposition direction of the fibers 108 can be defined by configuring at least a portion of the fibers 108 with a non-circular cross-section. By manufacturing at least a portion of the fibers 108 with a sufficiently small roundness, a corresponding increase in at least one of uniformity and stiffness can be obtained. This is particularly powerful for increasing the stability of the fabric 102 when merging between at least a portion of the fibers 108 is triggered simultaneously. In terms of roundness value or cross-sectional shape, by adjusting the properties of the fibers 108 of the fabric 102 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, it becomes possible to functionalize the fabric 102 relative to a particular application. Specifically, this makes it possible to design a fabric 102 with higher mechanical strength at a given grammage, or to obtain a lower grammage at a given mechanical strength. This enhanced mechanical stability can be obtained in one or two perpendicular directions in the plane of fabric 102 corresponding to the fiber-accommodating plane of fiber support unit 132. Advantageously, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, this fabric 102 can be manufactured according to the structure of the lyocell spinning solution, thereby ensuring that the obtained fabric 102 has very low levels of heavy metal impurities. Therefore, the obtained nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 has very high purity, making the obtained fabric 102 or products made from it less likely to cause allergic reactions in users. According to a preferred embodiment, one or more nozzle bars or nozzles 122 are implemented for generating filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104, wherein these filaments are then stretched, crimped, and deposited on the fiber receiving surface of the fiber support unit 132. During this stretching process and / or when the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution 104 that have not yet condensed are deposited on the fiber support unit 132, the formation of merging positions 204 between two or more fibers 108 can be triggered or facilitated by air vortices or turbulence. This merging process can occur at different points in time during the coagulation of the chemical process that forms the endless fibers 108. They can also be adjusted to different intensities and promoted using different media (such as water or air). Through these adjustments, the coagulation and / or shaping of the filaments, as well as adhesion at the contact or merging locations 204, can be controlled. As a result, a variety of merging effects can be achieved: on the one hand, a fabric 102 with a very low tendency to merge and adhere can be formed; on the other hand, the process can be controlled to obtain extremely strong merging, causing the fibers 108 to lose their shape and tend to exhibit a planar membrane structure. During the deposition process of fiber 108 or its preform that is not yet fully condensed, statistical or random processes may be involved. This often results in unterminated filaments or arbitrary structures of fiber 108. In particular, arbitrary orientation of the filaments of fiber 108 may occur when the transport speed of the conveying device (i.e., fiber support unit 132) is significantly less than the speed of the filaments moving downward on the fiber receiving surface of fiber support unit 132. In other words, as the filaments move downward on fiber support unit 132, unpredictable or pseudo-random deposition orientations of the filaments or fibers 108 may occur due to the reaction forces exerted on the filaments from fiber support unit 132. This phenomenon has been described above with reference to Figure 8. However, as described above with reference to FIG8, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention overcome this purely statistical random deposition behavior of the fibers 108 by configuring at least a portion of the fibers 108 with a non-circular cross-section having a roundness value of 90% or lower. When the fibers 108 deviate from the cylindrical cross-section to a sufficient degree, one or more primary deposition directions of the fibers 108 or groups of fibers 108 for corresponding design and orientation can be defined, thereby increasing the uniformity and predictability of the properties of the fabric 102. Descriptively speaking and referring to the elliptical cross-section of the fibers 108, such elliptical fibers 108 preferably bend or twist downward in a direction of the smaller cross-sectional dimension (i.e., along the minor axis of the ellipse). Due to this phenomenon, the control of the cross-sectional shape of the manufactured fibers 108 deviates from a circular shape, allowing the definition of one or more preferred arrangement directions of the fibers 108 in the fabric 102. To produce fibers 108 with a roundness of less than 90%, preferably less than 50%, pressure can be applied to the unconsolidated preform of fibers 108, for example, by blowing air or generating a water jet. This pressure can also be applied to two opposing surfaces of the fiber preform to flatten the fibers. For example, when pressure is applied from 0° and 180°, preferred flattening or ovalization of fibers 108 occurs along an axis from 90° to 270°. In order to produce fibers 108 with a roundness of less than 90%, preferably less than 50%, additionally or alternatively, an orifice 126 with an oval (or more generally non-circular) nozzle cross-section may be provided for a nozzle 122. In the framework of the mechanism for forming the fiber 108 with a non-circular cross-section, one or more of the following options may be applied: a) At high transport speeds of the fiber support unit 132, the transport of the fabric 102 in the MD direction results in an implicit focusing of the average fiber alignment (obtainable by adding the transport speed to the deposition vector). In particular, when the transport speed is on the same order of magnitude as or even greater than the deposition speed, effective orientation of the fiber alignment of the fabric 102 in the MD direction can be achieved. Compared to a circular cross-section, due to the stretching or flattening modification of the fiber 108 cross-section, defined cross-sectional control of the deposited fibers 108 in the CD direction is achieved, and increased fiber orientation in the CD direction is obtained even at zero transport speed. Therefore, an average or intermediate value at the transport speed and CD deposition enhancement can be determined, at which no preferred alignment direction of the fibers 108 is obtained. In other words, even perfect uniformity can be obtained under such conditions. However, it should be mentioned that in some embodiments, the deposition speed can be much higher than the transport speed, particularly by orders of magnitude. b) It is currently believed that, based on the principle described in a), a relatively small number of target fibers 108 have been modified to better orient neighboring fibers 108 in the CD direction. This can be explained using the analogy of a forest in a storm. The first tree that breaks triggers a domino-like forest path along the direction of the break. c) By modifying the cross-sectional shape of fiber 108, a friction-based clamping effect according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention can be produced in fabric 102. This results in self-inhibition, similar to that in a conical tool container. This effect is already achieved with relatively small deviations in the cross-sectional shape of fiber 108 compared to a circular cross-section. The transition from a circular to an oval cross-section enables the formation of this self-inhibition system relative to another fiber 108 (which may also have a non-circular or circular cross-section). Referring again to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 13, one or more additional nozzle rods or nozzles 122 may be provided and may be continuously arranged along the conveying direction of the fiber support unit 132. Multiple nozzles 122 may be configured such that additional layers 200 of fibers 108 can be deposited on top of the previously formed layer 202 (preferably before the complete coagulation or curing process of fibers 108 in layers 202 and / or 200 is fully completed), which may trigger interlayer merging. When process parameters are appropriately adjusted, this may have advantageous effects on the properties of the multilayer fabric 102: on the one hand, the first deposited layer 202 may be deposited on a conveyor belt (such as a conveyor belt) serving as the fiber support unit 132. In such embodiments, the fiber support unit 132 may be implemented as an ordered structure of release mechanisms and air suction openings (not shown). In the statistical distribution of the filaments of the fibers 108, this may have the effect of finding a higher material concentration in areas where no airflow is present. This (particularly microscopic) material density variation can be considered as perforation from a mechanical perspective, its effect being a distortion of the uniformity of the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 (particularly due to its tendency to suppress patterning). Pores can be formed in the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 where an airflow or liquid flow (e.g., water) penetrates it. This fluid flow (where the fluid can be gas or liquid) increases the tensile strength of the manufactured nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102. Without being bound by a specific theory, it is currently believed that the second layer 200 can be considered a reinforcing layer of the first layer 202, compensating for the reduced uniformity of layer 202. This improvement in mechanical stability can be further enhanced by variations in fiber diameter (particularly variations in the inter-fiber diameter of individual fibers 108 and / or variations in the longitudinal diameter within fibers). When deeper (particularly single-point) pressure is applied (e.g., provided by air or water), the cross-sectional shape of the fibers 108 can be further deliberately distorted, which can advantageously lead to a further increase in mechanical stability. On the other hand, intentional coalescence between fibers 108 of fabric 102 according to FIG. 13 can be triggered to further increase the mechanical stability of fabric 102. In this context, coalescence can be adhesion of the supporting contact points of the filaments contacting the fibers 108, particularly before the coalescence process of one or two fibers 108 is completed. For example, coalescence can be promoted by increasing the contact pressure by a fluid flow (e.g., airflow or waterflow). By taking this measure, the coalescence strength between the filaments or fibers 108 of one of layers 200, 202 can be increased on the one hand, and / or the coalescence strength between layers 200, 202 can be increased on the other hand. According to the apparatus 100 of FIG. 13 (which is configured for use in the fabrication of multilayer fabric 102 ), a large number of process parameters are implemented that can be used to design the shape and / or diameter, or diameter distribution of fiber 108 as well as fiber layers 200 , 202 . This is the result of a continuous configuration of multiple nozzles 122 , each of which may be operated with individually adjustable process parameters. The high mechanical strength of the fabric 102 according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention is also obtained by the following properties of the manufacturing process: First, an endless fiber 108 made of cellulose material is used because the endless fiber 108 (compared to the short fiber) has less interference transitions, allowing the single fiber 108 to have a higher load-bearing capacity. Secondly, a highly pure such fiber 108 can be manufactured because the process-related heavy metal content of the corresponding fabric 102 is very small. Third, the specific design of a carrier dust grid supporting a web or other carrier structure (mesh support system) that can be implemented in a spike fabrication method permits control of the stiffness of the fabric 102 . Specifically, the stability of the fabric 102 can be significantly increased by resorting to (e.g., air- and / or water-induced) amalgamation, thereby permitting the acquisition of a biomimetic structure with a high loading capacity. With proper process control, a drill bit can be provided for a single piece of filament that can also be kept in an easily manufactured fabric 102 . Thereby, adder fibers 108 can be formed, which may have increased stretchability by the corresponding spring effect. At the same time, the elasticity of the fabric 102 comprising the spun fiber 108 can be limited. This can be used to further increase the stability of the fabric 102 . In particular, when the fiber 108 is bent, it has the effect of decreasing elasticity as the bending radius increases. Fabrics 102 of fertilized fibers 108 with further increased stability may be designed when appropriate airflow vorticity or disturbance is implemented. On the smooth and flat fiber-accommodating surface of the fiber-supported unit 132 , the ovoid fiber 108 or filament preferably lodges on its broad edge. This has a strong effect on the properties of the fabricated fabric 102 , as this involves an ordered effect. Specifically, this permits the fabrication of fabrics with relatively small thicknesses and relatively high densities 102 . Preferably, the fabric 102 according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention is composed of both circular fibers 108 and non-circular fibers 108 . The corresponding fabric 102 may be fabricated by using a hybrid jet nozzle 122 with circular and non-circular orifices 126 , and / or by permanent, cyclic, or repeated modifications of process parameters. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, at least two, particularly at least three, more particularly at least four, and particularly up to ten consecutively arranged nozzles 122 may be implemented for manufacturing fabric 102. Each nozzle 122 may include a plurality of orifices 126. Each nozzle 122 may selectively have circular and / or non-circular orifices 126. By adjusting the cohesion and / or stretching conditions of the filaments in the lyocell spinning solution 104, a fabric 102 can also be manufactured, wherein the non-circular fiber portions in cross-section are oriented perpendicular to or at least substantially perpendicular to the surface of the fabric 102. This results in stable adhesion and curing of the fabric 102. This allows for one or more of the following advantages: manufacturing a high-loose fabric 102 at a relatively low basis weight; an identifiable layer structure with an adjustable profile; adjustable properties of the fabric 102 on the upper and lower main surfaces; horizontally arranged oval fibers 108 allowing for high tensile strength with reduced longitudinal and transverse elongation; and the ability to adjust the basis weight over a wide range, for example, from 8 g / m² to 250 g / m². In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 is used in a biodegradable product. After biodegradation, no adhesive or bonding agent material remains. Specifically, no significant amounts of heavy metals form in the components of this biodegradable product. Through appropriate process design, unwanted particle abrasion from fabric 102 can be prevented. According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a deviation from the defined circular cross-section of the endless fiber 108 can be obtained in such a way that the cross-sectional shape varies along the longitudinal extension of the fiber 108. This can also be achieved by bending the fiber 108 beyond its elastic limit, thereby causing a transition from an elastically bent state to a plastically bent state. This effect can be enhanced by subsequently fixing the bent fiber 108 (e.g., by water entanglement). When the nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric 102 is torn, the result is that at certain loops or tufts, another endless fiber 108 is guided through the structure during tearing, its diameter no longer suitable and self-inhibiting even with small shape changes. This increases the overall tear strength of the fabric 102. This is particularly relevant in the implementation of the endless fiber 108, where this self-inhibiting effect promoted by the deviation of roundness from a single fiber is stronger than with short fibers. Advantageously, the deviation of the cross-section of fiber 108 from a circular cross-section can be combined with the variation in fiber diameter (especially the variation in thickness within the fiber and / or the variation in thickness between fibers). This combination results in a particularly significant increase in the mechanical stability of fabric 102. In summary, one or more of the following modifications can be made in particular according to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention: - Low uniform fiber diameter can achieve a high smoothness of 102 in the fabric. - Multilayer fabrics 102 with low-diameter fibers and relatively low speeds allow for high fabric thickness (caliper) with low fabric density. - The isoabsorption profiles of the functionalized layer allow for uniform humidity and fluid containment behavior, as well as uniform behavior in fluid release. - It is also possible to functionalize single-layer 200 and 202 differently to obtain products with anisotropic properties (e.g., for wicking, oil containment, water containment, dust removal power, roughness). Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are illustrative and not limiting of the invention, and those skilled in the art will be able to devise many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Any reference numerals in parentheses within the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. The terms "comprising" and "comprises," etc., do not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those listed as a whole in any claim or specification. A singular reference to an element does not exclude a plural reference to such an element, and vice versa. In the device claims enumerating several methods, several of these methods may be implemented by the same software or hardware item. The mere fact that certain measures are described in the appendices of mutually different claims does not imply that a combination of these measures cannot be used for benefit. The following table describes and shows examples of methods used to generate variations in the coalescing factor. Different coalescing factors in cellulosic fabrics can be achieved by altering the coalescing spray flow when using a constant spinning solution (i.e., a spinning solution with constant consistency), particularly a lyocell spinning solution, and a constant airflow (e.g., air throughput). Therefore, a relationship between the coalescing spray flow and the coalescing factor can be observed, i.e., a trend in coalescing behavior (the higher the coalescing spray flow, the lower the coalescing factor). MD here represents the machine direction, and CD represents the transverse direction. Softness (described by known specific hand feel measurement techniques, based on the nonwoven standard WSP90.3, measured using a so-called "fabric hand feel tester," particularly the latest version effective as of the priority date of this patent application) will follow the aforementioned merging trend. Strength (described as Fmax) (e.g., according to EN29073-3 and ISO9073-3 respectively, particularly the latest versions effective as of the priority date of this patent application) will also follow the described merging trend. Therefore, the softness and strength of the resulting nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric can be adjusted according to the degree of merging (as specified by the merging factor).

Claims

1. A nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric (102) wherein the fabric (102) comprises a network of substantially endless fibers (108) and where at least 1% of such fibers (108) have a noncircular cut of no greater than 90% true roundness (roundness) face shape, wherein the fibers (108) are arranged anisotropically within the fabric (102) thereby broadly defining at least one preferred arrangement direction (290), a larger portion of the fibers (108) are arranged along the at least one preferred arrangement direction compared to other directions.

2. The fabric (102) of item 1 of the scope of the patent applied for, comprising at least one of the following features: wherein at least 3% of such fibers (108) have a non-circular cross-sectional shape of not greater than 90% true roundness; 3. A fabric (102) of item 1 or 2 of the scope of the patent applied for which comprises at least one of the following features: wherein the smoothness of the fabric (102) (measured for specific feel) is at 2 mNm2 / g and 70 mNm2 range between / g;where the fibers (108) have a copper content of less than 5 ppm and / or have a nickel content of less than 2 ppm;where at least some of the fibers (108) merge as a whole at the merging site (204).

4. Fabric (102) for which item 1 or 2 of the scope of the patent is applied for, wherein the different fibers of such fiber (108) are located at least in part in different distinguishable layers (200, 202).

5. If the fabric (102) of item 4 of the scope of the patent applied for, wherein the fibers (108) of the different layers (200, 202) have the same physical properties; 6. If the fabric (102) of item 4 of the scope of the patent applied for, wherein the fibers (108) of the different layers (200, 202) are integrated as a whole at at least one merger position (204) between those layers (200, 202).

7. If the fabric (102) of item 1 or 2 of the scope of the patent applied for, at least part of such fiber (108) is twisted.

8. A method for directly manufacturing a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric (102) from a lyocell spinning solution (104), wherein the method comprises: extruding the lyocell spinning solution (104) through at least one nozzle (122) having an orifice (126) into a condensate fluid (106) environment by means of an airflow (146) to form substantially endless fibers (108); collecting the fibers (108) on a fiber support unit (132) to form the fabric (102); adjusting process parameters such that at least 1% of the fibers (108) have a non-circular cross-sectional shape with a roundness of not more than 90%, and the fibers (108) are anisotropically arranged within the fabric (102) to substantially define at least one preferred arrangement direction (290), wherein a larger portion of the fibers (108) are arranged along the at least one preferred arrangement direction compared to other directions.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein adjusting the process parameters includes applying force to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution (104) before the coagulation is completed.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein force is applied to the filaments of the lyocell spinning solution (104) by guiding the forming fluid before the coagulation is completed.

11. The method of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the method further comprises, after collection on the fiber support unit (132), further in-situ processing of the fibers (108) and / or the fabric (102) by at least one of the following methods: water entanglement, needle punching, impregnation, steam treatment with pressurized steam, and calendering.

12. An apparatus (100) for directly manufacturing a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric (102) from a lyocell spinning solution (104), wherein the apparatus (100) comprises: at least one nozzle (122) having an orifice (126) configured to extrude the lyocell spinning solution (104) under the aid of an airflow (146); a condensing unit (128) configured to provide a condensing fluid (106) environment for the extruded lyocell spinning solution (104) to form substantially endless fibers (108); and a fiber support. Unit (132) configured to collect the fibers (108) to form the fabric (102); control unit (140) configured to adjust process parameters such that at least 1% of the fibers (108) have a non-circular cross-sectional shape with a roundness of not more than 90%, the fibers (108) being anisotropically arranged within the fabric (102) to substantially define at least one preferred arrangement direction (290), the majority of the fibers (108) being arranged along the at least one preferred arrangement direction compared to other directions.

13. The device (100) of claim 12, wherein at least a portion of such orifices are oval.

14. A method of using a nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric (102) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, for use in at least one of the following: wipes; dryer sheets; filters; hygiene products; medical application products; geotextiles; agricultural fabrics; clothing; products for building technology; automotive products; furnishings; industrial products; products related to beauty, leisure, sports or travel; and products related to schools or offices.

15. A product comprising a fabric (102) as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 of the patent application.

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