Universal tokenisation system for blockchain-based cryptocurrencies

Abstract

This invention provides a method for creating, redeeming, and transferring tokens associated with tokens on a peer-to-peer decentralized ledger, comprising including metadata associated with the token in a redemption script, wherein the redemption script relates to a cryptocurrency transaction on the peer-to-peer decentralized ledger. The invention further provides a method for issuing and / or transferring tokens, comprising the steps of: generating a blockchain transaction (Tx) having an output (TxO) associated with an amount of cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin, and a hash of a redemption script. The redemption script includes metadata, which in turn includes a token, a representation or reference representing a tokenized entity. The redemption script further includes at least one (preferably two or more) public keys. The metadata is provided in the redemption script at a location specified in the underlying blockchain protocol as the location of the cryptographic key.

Description

[Technical Field] This invention relates to a solution for the control and / or transfer of an asset or the transfer of asset ownership, and particularly to a method for creating, transferring ownership, and redeeming tokens representing assets. This invention discloses a specific application in creating tokens associated with transactions on a peer-to-peer decentralized ledger, such as the Bitcoin blockchain, whereby tokens may represent contractual rights, smart contracts, or other forms of assets. [Previous Technology] Commercial transactions may involve the transfer of property rights, which may include real estate or personal property (including tangible and intangible assets). Furthermore, contracts between parties may also include contractual rights binding on both sides. In the digital economy, there is an expectation of transactions occurring within a reasonable timeframe and across long distances. This expectation, along with practical limitations, means that traditional forms of property transfer, such as the physical delivery of hard copies of documents representing contracts or negotiable instruments, or the tangible property itself, are not desirable. Recently, blockchain technology has been used for the transfer of digital assets. Blockchain is an electronic ledger implemented as a computer-based decentralized, distributed, peer-to-peer system. It consists of blocks of transactions, each transaction (Tx) being a data structure that encodes the transfer of control over digital assets among participants in the blockchain system and includes at least one input and at least one output. Each block contains the hash value of the previous block, linking the blockchain together to create a permanent, immutable record of all transactions written to the blockchain since its inception. Transactions contain scripts, or applets, embedded in their inputs and outputs, specifying who can access the transaction's outputs and how. On the Bitcoin platform, these scripts are written using a stack-based scripting language. Writing a transaction to a block requires "verification," a process performed by network nodes (miners) to ensure each transaction is valid and to reject invalid transactions from the network. Software clients installed on nodes perform this verification on an unspent transaction (UTXO) by executing their locking and unlocking scripts. If the calculation of the locking and unlocking scripts results in TRUE, the transaction is valid and written to the blockchain. Therefore, for a transaction to be written to the blockchain, it must i) be verified by the first node receiving the transaction—if verified, the node relays it to other nodes in the network; ii) be added to a new block built by miners; and iii) be mined, i.e., added to the public ledger of past transactions. While blockchain technology is most widely used in cryptocurrency implementation, several entrepreneurs have begun exploring new systems using Bitcoin-based cryptocurrency security systems and data that can be stored on the blockchain. It would be highly advantageous if blockchain could be used for automated tasks and processes beyond the cryptocurrency realm. This solution would leverage the advantages of blockchain (such as permanent, tamper-proof event logging, decentralized processing, etc.) while being more versatile in its applications. Current research focuses on using blockchain to implement "smart contracts," which are computer programs designed to automatically execute machine-readable contracts or agreement terms. Unlike traditional contracts written in natural language, smart contracts are machine-executable programs that include rules that process input to produce results, and then execute actions based on those results. Another area of ​​interest associated with blockchain is the use of "tokens" (or "colored coins") to represent and transfer real-world or virtual entities via the blockchain. A token represents a potentially sensitive or secret item that lacks identifiable meaning or value; therefore, it serves as an identifier that allows reference to resources on the blockchain. Any discussion of files, actions, materials, devices, articles, etc. included in this specification should not be construed as an admission that any or all of these things constitute part of the prior art, or as ordinary knowledge in the field related to the disclosure of this invention that existed prior to the priority date of each claim of this invention. In this invention, we use the term "blockchain" to encompass all forms of electronic, computer-based peer-to-peer decentralized ledgers. These include, but are not limited to, consensus-based blockchain and transaction chain technologies, permissioned and unassigned ledgers, shared ledgers, and variations thereof. While other blockchain implementations have been proposed and developed, the most well-known application of blockchain technology is the Bitcoin ledger. Although Bitcoin is used in this invention for ease of illustration, it should be noted that this invention is not limited to use with the Bitcoin blockchain, and alternative blockchain implementations and protocols fall within the scope of this invention. In this specification, the words "comprising" or "including" mean or imply include a state of elements, integers, steps, or a group of steps, elements, or integers, but do not exclude any other element, integer, or step, or a group of elements, integers, or steps. [Summary of the Invention] The inventions described below are as defined in the appended claims. This invention provides a solution for the secure control and / or transfer of assets or rights via blockchain. Alternatively, it enables control and / or transfer of ownership of assets or rights. This could be digital or virtual assets, such as smart contracts, or real-world / physical assets. This invention uses tokenization technology to facilitate such control or transfer. This invention combines the use of cryptocurrency keys to perform transfers securely without requiring any changes to the underlying blockchain protocol. This invention specifically provides: optimization of memory usage for enhanced electronic transmission using hash technology, improving security and data integrity, enhancing security by eliminating the need for a trusted third party, and enhancing data anonymity. The advantages listed above are not limited or exhaustive. This invention may require the interaction and interoperability of various different and independent computer-based resources, such as one or more user devices and distributed computer systems (blockchain), which include computing nodes for executing blockchain-related software and protocols. The present invention provides a method comprising the following steps: generating a blockchain transaction (Tx) including a hash of an output (TxO) associated with a digital asset and a redeem script, comprising: complex metadata including a token for representing or referencing a tokenized entity; and at least one public key (preferably two or more). Digital assets (B1) can be a quantity of cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin. A redemption script is provided in one of the transaction output TxO's locking scripts. Metadata can be provided in the redemption script at the location of the cryptographic key specified in the blockchain protocol. This method further involves submitting transaction Tx to a blockchain, whereby the cryptocurrency (B1) can be locked on the blockchain associated with the token. When providing an unlocking script that satisfies the locking script of output TxO, only the amount of (redeemed) cryptocurrency (B1) can be used; specifically, a redemption script must be provided when the hash matches the hash value provided in the locking script of TxO. Since the locking script used for output TxO includes the hash value of the redemption script, which in turn contains the token (in the metadata), the cryptocurrency (B1) is associated with the token. Upon presenting the correct unlocking (redemption) script, ownership of the cryptocurrency (B1) can be transferred to the redeemer or user, for example, by being spent. The terms "expenditure," "transfer," "redemption," or "transfer of ownership / control" are used interchangeably in this invention. Furthermore, the term "user" can be used to refer to a human user or a machine-based resource. A public key can be associated with a corresponding private key to form a cryptographic key pair. The corresponding private key may be required to unlock transaction outputs (TxOs), enabling the transfer of digital assets and / or their ownership. The tokenized entity can be stored on or off the blockchain and can be a digital asset, such as a (smart) contract or some other form / type of asset or entity. The token can be provided in a redemption script, allowing it to be interpreted as a cryptographic key by the blockchain protocol. Therefore, the underlying blockchain protocol may be independent of the presence of the token and / or other metadata provided in the redemption script. However, as a user of the method of this invention, the metadata can be interpreted and used as a token. Therefore, the present invention may include embodiments that enable the issuance of a digital token to a user in a secure manner via a blockchain, providing a corresponding system for implementing the methods of any of the above embodiments, and including a blockchain network and associated nodes. Now, we provide an adjunct feature or embodiment of the invention, at least one of which is described in the embodiments of the invention and may relate to one or more other aspects or embodiments. The present invention provides a computer-executed method for creating a first token (T1) using a publisher (I), wherein the first token (T1) is associated with a first quantity of digital assets (B1), which are encrypted and electronically transmittable. The above method further includes at least one step: receiving a request for a first token (T1) from a first user (A) via a communication network; determining a first user public key (P1A), wherein the first user public key (P1A) and a first user private key (V1A) form an encrypted pair; allocating the first amount of digital assets (B1) associated with the first token (T1); determining a first hash (H1) of a first redemption script (RS1), the first redemption script (RS1) being based on: at least one first metadata (MD1), which includes information associated with the first token (T1); the first user public key (P1A); and a first publisher public key (P1I) associated with the publisher (I), which forms an encrypted pair with a first publisher private key (V1I); and transmitting a first data output (O1) to a peer-to-peer distributed ledger via the communication network. The ledger includes: an instruction to trade the first quantity of the digital asset (B1) to the first user (A); and a first hash (H1) associated with the first quantity of the digital asset (B1) to provide the first token (T1) associated with the first user (A) and the publisher (I). The system determines a first hash (H1) of a first redemption script (RS1) based on at least one first metadata (MD1), which includes information associated with the first token (T1), the first user public key (P1A), and a first publisher public key (P1I) associated with the publisher (I); and outputs first data (O1) through the communication network. Firstly, because information about the token is securely embedded in a public edge such as a blockchain, data transmission security is provided, while avoiding the need for a trusted third party, as transacting parties can rely on publicly verified details of the associated transaction. Furthermore, transaction anonymity is preserved, and because the first redemption script is hashed, altering the metadata value is impractical without changing the corresponding hash value of the redemption script. It also provides the advantage of embedding the first metadata into one or more available locations of the redemption script's public key, allowing nodes unsuitable for handling metadata to easily transmit the redemption script to another node to block its process. This, in turn, improves the computational efficiency of associated transactions. A further advantage is that metadata can contain indicators of the terms and conditions of a contract, allowing this information to be stored in an off-block repository. Since transaction processing does not require transmitting the physical transaction history, this reduces processing volume and memory resources, while also enabling reliable verification of detailed information about associated transactions. Another advantage is that control data can be incorporated into the metadata; for example, an access code for a barrier can be represented as a token of a ticket, such as a venue ticket, travel ticket, or voucher. Yet another advantage is that tokens can be partitioned, enabling two or more transaction outputs, each of which can be associated with a tokenized or untokenized digital asset. The first data output (O1) can easily record paid transactions to the script hash transaction. In this method, the step of receiving a request from the first user (A) of the token (T) may include receiving an offer or accepting a contract. The step of receiving a request from the first user (A) of the token (T) may also include receiving at least one or more terms and conditions of the contract. The method may also include sending at least one or more terms and conditions of the contract to the first user (A). The information in the first metadata (MD1) contains a hash of a contract with at least one or more conditions and terms. The information in the first metadata (MD1) includes one or more pieces of information: a contract type; one or more conditions and terms of a contract; an indicator pointing to the terms and conditions of a contract; and information on how to execute the transaction. The method further includes storing the first redemption script (RS1) in a data store. In this method, the format of the first redemption script (RS1) includes:<NumSigs MD1...P1A P1I...NumKeys OP_CHECKMULTISIG> Where NumSigs is the number of signatures required to redeem the first token (T1); NumKeys is the total number of public key slots in the redemption script, including the metadata and the public keys; and OP_CHECKMULTISIG is the operation to perform signature comparison according to the order of the public key slots. The method further includes determining whether the first user (A) has an account (ACA) of the issuer (I) to execute a transaction associated with the first token (T1). If the first user (A) does not have the account, the method further includes sending a request to the first user (A) to open an account (ACA) via a communication network, wherein the account (ACA) is associated with an encrypted pair belonging to the first user (A), the encrypted pair including the first user's private key (V1A) and the first user's public key (P1A). In this method, the step of allocating the first quantity of digital assets (B1) associated with the first token (T1) includes: determining a first token value (TV1) of the first token (T1); determining a pegging rate (PR1) of the first token (T1); and determining the first quantity of the digital assets (B1) based on the pegging rate and the first token value (TV1). In an alternative, the step of allocating the first quantity of digital assets (B1) associated with the first token (T1) includes: determining a minimum threshold of the digital assets (MT1) associated with the first token (T1); and determining a first quantity of the digital assets (B1) that is equal to or exceeds the minimum threshold of the digital assets (MT1). A computer-executed method for redeeming a first token (T1) associated with a first quantity of digital assets (B1) according to a method for creating a first token (T1), the method comprising: the issuer receiving a request for redemption of the first token (T1) from a first user (A) via a communication network; determining a first redemption script (RS1) associated with the first token (T1); receiving the first user's private key (V1A); signing the first redemption script (RS1) using the first user's private key (V1A) and the first issuer's private key (V1I) to unlock the first quantity of digital assets (B1) associated with the first token (T1); and transmitting a second data output (O2) to the peer-to-peer distributed ledger via the communication network, including an instruction to trade the first quantity of digital assets (B1) to the issuer (I). In the method for redeeming a first token (T1), the first token (T1) has a token value consisting of a first portion (R1) and a second portion (R2), wherein the first user (A)'s request to redeem the first token (T1) includes a request to redeem a value consisting of the first portion (R1). The method further includes: determining the first user's public key (P1A); allocating a second quantity of the digital assets (B2) associated with a second token (T2), wherein the second token has a second token value (TV2) based on the second portion (R2). The method further includes determining a second hash (H2) of a second redemption script (RS2), wherein the second redemption script (RS2) is based on: at least one second metadata (MD2) based on the first metadata (MD1) at least partially associated with the first token (T1); the first user's public key (P1A); and a first publisher's public key (P1I) associated with the publisher (I). In this method, the second data output (O2) to the public ledger further includes: an instruction to trade at least one of the second quantity of the digital assets (B2) to the first user (A); and a second hash (H2) associated with the second quantity of the digital assets (B2) to provide the second token (T2) associated with the first user (A) and the publisher (I). A computer-executed method for creating a third token (T3) using a publisher (I), wherein the third token is associated with a value transmitted by a first token (T1), the method comprising: receiving a request from a first user (A) and / or a second user (B) via a communication network to create the third token (T3); determining a first redemption script (RS1) associated with the first token (T1); receiving the first user's private key (V1A); signing the first redemption script (RS1) using the first user's private key (V1A) and the first publisher's private key (V1I) to unlock a first quantity of digital assets (B1) associated with the first token (T1). The method further comprises determining a second user's public key (P1B), which forms an encrypted pair with the second user's private key (V1B); and allocating a third quantity of digital assets (B3) associated with the third token. This method further includes determining a third hash (H3) of a third redemption script (RS3), the third redemption script being based on: at least one third metadata (MD3), at least a portion of which is built on the first metadata (MD1) associated with the first token (T1); the second user's public key (P1B); and the first publisher's public key (P1I). This method also includes transmitting a third data output (O3) to the peer-to-peer distributed ledger via the communication network, including: an instruction to trade at least one third quantity of the digital assets (B3) to the second user (B); and the third hash (H3), associated with the third quantity of the digital assets (B3), providing the third token (T3) associated with the second user (B) and the publisher (I). In the method of creating a third token (T3), the first token (T1) has a token value of a first part (R1) and a second part (R2), wherein the requirement for creating the third token (T3) includes a request to create the third token (T3) having a third token value (TV3) based on the first part (R1). The method further includes: determining the first user public key (P1A); allocating a second quantity of the digital assets (B2) associated with a second token (T2), wherein the second token (T2) has a second token value (TV2) based on the second part (R2). The method further includes determining a second hash (H2) of a second redemption script (RS2), wherein the second redemption script (RS2) is based on: at least one second metadata (MD2), which is based on the first metadata (MD1) at least partially associated with the first token (T1); the first user public key (P1A); and a first publisher public key (P1I) associated with the publisher (I). In this method, the third data output (O3) to the peer-to-peer distributed ledger further includes: an instruction to trade at least one of the second quantity of the digital assets (B2) to the first user (A); and a second hash (H2) associated with the second quantity of the digital assets (B2) to provide the second token (T2) associated with the first user (A) and the publisher (I). In the method of creating a third token (T3), the step of allocating a second quantity of the digital asset (B2) includes: determining a pegging rate (PR2) of the second token (T2); and determining the second quantity of the digital asset (B2) based on the pegging rate (PR2) and the value of the second token (TV2). In the method of creating a third token (T3), the step of allocating a second quantity of the digital asset (B2) includes: determining a minimum threshold of the digital asset (MT2) of the second token (T2); and determining the second quantity of the digital asset (B2) which is equal to or exceeds the minimum threshold of the digital asset (MT2) of the second token (T2). In the method of creating a third token (T3), the second quantity of the digital assets (B2) and / or the third quantity of the digital assets (B3) at least partially include the first quantity of the digital assets (B1). The method for creating a third token (T3) further includes: determining a fourth quantity of the digital asset (B4) as a transaction fee; wherein the first data output (O1), the second data output (O2), and the third data output (O3) of the peer-to-peer distributed ledger further include: an instruction to treat a transaction of the fourth quantity of the digital asset as a transaction fee. In the above method, the peer-to-peer decentralized ledger includes the Bitcoin blockchain. A computer-executed method for redeeming a first token (T1) associated with a first quantity of digital assets (B1) as defined above, the method comprising: a publisher: receiving a request for redemption of the first token (T1) from a first user (A) via a communication network; determining a first redemption script (RS1) associated with the first token (T1); transmitting the first redemption script (RS1) signed by the first user (A) via the communication network; receiving a first redemption script signed by the first user (RS1A) using the first user's private key (V1A) via the communication network; using the first publisher's private key (V1I), the first redemption script signed by the first user (RS1A) unlocks the first quantity of digital assets (B1) associated with the first token (T1); and transmitting a second data output (O2) to the peer-to-peer distributed ledger via the communication network, including an instruction to trade the first quantity of digital assets (B1) to the publisher (I). A computer-executed method for a publisher (I) to create a third token (T3) based on the method for creating a first token (T1) described above, wherein the third token is associated with a value transmitted by a first token (T1), the method comprising the following steps: receiving a request from a first user (A) and / or a second user (B) via a communication network to create the third token (T3); determining a first redemption script (RS1) associated with the first token (T1); transmitting the first redemption script (RS1) signed by the first user (A) via the communication network; receiving a first redemption script signed by the first user (RS1A) using the first user's private key (V1A) via the communication network; using the first publisher's private key (V1I) to sign, the first redemption script signed by the first user (RS1A) unlocks the first amount of digital assets (B1) associated with the first token (T1); and determining... A second user public key (P1B) forms an encrypted pair with a second user private key (V1B); allocates a third quantity of the digital assets (B3) associated with the third token; determines a third hash (H3) of a third redemption script (RS3) based on: at least one third metadata (MD3), at least a portion of which is built on the first metadata (MD1) associated with the first token (T1); the second user public key (P1B); and the first publisher public key (P1I); transmits a third data output (O3) to the peer-to-peer distributed ledger via the communication network, including: an instruction to trade at least one third quantity of the digital assets (B3) to the second user (B); and the third hash (H3) associated with the third quantity of the digital assets (B3) to provide the third token (T3) associated with the second user (B) and the publisher (I). This invention also provides a tokenization method that can be implemented using a decentralized peer-to-peer network (e.g., blockchain). Therefore, this invention can leverage all the known advantages of blockchain technology. This invention provides an improved solution for securely transmitting data items via a blockchain platform, which can be described as a solution for efficiently and securely transmitting tokens on, for example, a blockchain. This method can provide a solution for representing a contract for the supply of at least one asset and / or service. The contract may be a transferable contract. This invention does not limit the nature, type, quantity, etc., of the assets and / or services transferred under the contract. This method can provide an encoding scheme for any type of transferable contract for tokenization. The method may include the step of generating a blockchain transaction, which may include three parameters or data items. This data may represent: i) the number of shares available under the contract (which may be referred to as "NumShares" in this invention); ii) the number of transfer units to be transferred from the sender to at least one recipient (which may be referred to as "ShareVal" in this invention); and iii) a factor used to calculate the value of the number of transfer units (which may be referred to as the "pegging rate" in this invention). One advantage of this invention is that contracts can be encapsulated or represented as tokens on the blockchain, which can be achieved using only the three parameters mentioned above. In fact, the minimum value of these three data items can be used to specify the contract. Because this invention provides a solution applicable to any type of transferable contract, common algorithms can be designed and applied. These three data items can be used as metadata in a transaction. Advantageously, only a small amount of metadata (in bits) is needed to represent any type of contract, thus this invention provides an efficient, effective, and powerful mechanism for transferring tokens on peer-to-peer decentralized systems such as blockchains. The data may further include instructions on the availability of assets, i.e., goods and / or services provided under the contract. Alternatively or concurrently, it may include instructions on the type and / or quantity of assets or services provided under the contract. The transaction may also include a fourth parameter or data item, which represents the specific asset being transferred, such as a house or racehorse associated with the transaction. The method may also include the step of sending a transaction to at least one recipient (or an address associated with at least one recipient). Transactions may include contracts; and / or access to contracts or information containing contract files. This provides the advantage of the facility transferring contracts or information corresponding to the file location of contracts via blockchain. Transactions can include a hash of contracts, which provides the advantage of a means to verify the authenticity of contracts. A transaction may include at least one cryptographic signature, which provides the advantage of determining the origin of the transaction. A transaction may include at least one locking script and at least one public key, providing the advantage of preventing the contract from being redeemed by anyone other than the intended recipient of the transaction. The transfer unit can be associated with a cryptocurrency, but may or may not be associated with Bitcoin. The transfer unit can be a quantity of Bitcoins, and the blockchain can be the Bitcoin blockchain, which provides the advantage that this method can be implemented on existing infrastructure. Therefore, the present invention provides a simple and effective solution for securely transferring contracts on a blockchain. A computer program includes a plurality of machine-readable instructions to enable a processing device to implement the above-described method. An apparatus comprising a processing device for performing a method according to any of the above methods. [Simplified Explanation of the Diagram] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an embodiment system for creating and redeeming tokens. Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a first transaction pattern for generating a token between a first user and a publisher. Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a second transaction pattern for redeeming tokens between a first user and a publisher. Figure 2(c) is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a third transaction pattern between the first user and the second user, facilitated by the issuer, in which a portion of the token value is transferred from the first user to the second user. Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a fourth transaction pattern in which a portion of the token value is redeemed between the first user and the publisher. Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a fifth transaction pattern between a first user and a second user, facilitated by the issuer, in which a portion of the token value is transferred from the first user to the second user. Figure 4 is a flowchart of the computer's execution method for creating a token. Figure 5 is a flowchart of the computer execution method for registered users. Figure 6 is a flowchart of another embodiment of the computer execution method for creating a token. Figure 7 is a flowchart of the computer execution method for redeeming tokens. Figure 8 is a detailed flowchart of the computer execution method in Figure 7. Figure 9 is a flowchart of a computer execution method that facilitates the transfer of token value from the first user to the second user, initiated by the publisher. Figure 10 is a detailed flowchart of the computer execution method in Figure 9. Figure 11 is a flowchart of a variant of the computer execution method for redeeming a token, in which the redemption script is sent to the first user for signature. Figure 12 is a flowchart of a variant of a computer execution method that facilitates the transfer of token value from a first user to a second user, where the redemption script is sent to the first user for signature. Figure 13 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the processing device.

Implementation Method

Claims

1. A method for executing a transaction using a computer, comprising the steps of: generating a blockchain transaction (Tx) of a payment script hash (P2SH) having an output (TxO) associated with: a digital asset, which is a quantity of cryptocurrency (B1), for transfer from a first party (I) to a second party (A); and a locking script including a hash (H1) of a redemption script (RS1), the redemption script comprising: The number of valid signatures required to satisfy the redemption script and unlock the transaction; At least one piece of metadata, including a token (T1), representing or referencing a tokenized entity, which is a contract, a smart contract, a physical asset, or a virtual asset; and wherein the metadata occupies a position in the redemption script of a public key, the position of which is designated as a cryptographic key position in a blockchain protocol, such that it is interpreted as a cryptographic key by the blockchain protocol; at least one public key, corresponding to a signature capable of unlocking the transaction and forming a cryptographic key pair with a corresponding private key; and the total number of positions in the redemption script occupied by the at least one piece of metadata and the at least one public key.

2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein the metadata includes the terms and conditions of a contract or a hash of the terms and conditions, an index pointing to a file containing the terms and conditions, and / or an index pointing to a contract.

3. The method as described in claim 1 or 2 further includes submitting the blockchain transaction (Tx) to a blockchain network.

4. A computer-executed method for creating a first token (T1) using a publisher (I), wherein the first token (T1) is associated with a first quantity of digital assets (B1), the digital assets being encrypted and electronically transferable, the digital assets being a quantity of cryptocurrency, the method comprising the steps of: receiving, via a communication network, a request for a first token (T1) from a first user (A), the first token (T1) representing or referencing a tokenized entity. The tokenized entity is a contract, a smart contract, a physical asset, or a virtual asset; a first user public key (P1A) is determined, wherein the first user public key (P1A) and a first user private key (V1A) form an encrypted pair; the first quantity of the digital asset (B1) associated with the first token (T1) is allocated; a first hash (H1) of a first redemption script (RS1) is determined, wherein the first hash (H1) is used for a payment script hash (P2SH), the payment script hash is used for a blockchain transaction (Tx) having an output (TxO), the output (TxO) being associated with the first quantity of encrypted, electronically transferable digital assets (B1), wherein the first redemption script ( RS1 is based on: the number of valid signatures required to satisfy the redemption script to unlock the transaction; at least one first metadata (MD1) including information associated with the first token (T1), wherein the first metadata occupies a position in the redemption script of a public key, the position being designated as a cryptographic key position in a blockchain protocol; the first user public key (P1A); a first publisher public key (P1I) associated with the publisher (I), which forms a cryptographic pair with a first publisher private key (V1I); and the total number of positions in the redemption script occupied by the at least one metadata and the at least one public key; transmitting a first data output (O1) to a peer-to-peer distributed ledger via the communication network, including: An instruction to use a paid script hash transaction to transfer the first quantity of the digital asset (B1) to the first user (A); and the first hash (H1), associated with the first quantity of the digital asset (B1), to provide the first token (T1) associated with the first user (A) and the publisher (I).

5. The method as described in claim 4, wherein the first data output (O1) facilitates recording a payment for a script hash transaction.

6. The method as described in claim 4 or 5, wherein the step of receiving the request for the first token (T1) from the first user (A) includes: To receive a quote or to accept a contract.

7. The method as described in claim 6, wherein the step of receiving the request for the first token (T1) from the first user (A) includes: To receive at least one or more of the terms and conditions of a contract.

8. The method as described in claim 4 further includes transmitting at least one or more conditions and terms of a contract to the first user (A).

9. The method as described in claim 6, wherein the information in the first metadata (MD1) contains a hash of at least one or more conditions and terms of a contract.

10. The method as described in claim 6, wherein the information in the first metadata (MD1) includes one or more pieces of information: a contract type; one or more conditions and terms of a contract; an indicator pointing to the terms and conditions of a contract; and information on how to execute the transaction.

11. The method as described in claim 4 further includes storing the first redemption script (RS1) in a data store.

12. The method as described in claim 4, wherein the format of the first redemption script (RS1) includes: <NumSigs MD1...P1A P1I...NumKeys OP_CHECKMULTISIG> Where NumSigs is the number of signatures required to redeem the first token (T1); NumKeys is the total number of public key slots in the redemption script, including the metadata and the public keys; and OP_CHECKMULTISIG is the operation to perform signature comparison according to the order of the public key slots.

13. The method as described in claim 4 further includes determining whether the first user (A) has an account (ACA) of the issuer (I) to execute a transaction associated with the first token (T1), and if the first user (A) does not have the account, the method further includes: A request is sent to the first user (A) via a communication network to open an account (ACA), wherein the account (ACA) is associated with an encrypted pair belonging to the first user (A), the encrypted pair including the first user's private key (V1A) and the first user's public key (P1A).

14. The method as described in claim 4, wherein the step of allocating the first quantity of the digital assets (B1) associated with the first token (T1) includes: Determine the first token value (TV1) of the first token (T1); Determine a pegging rate (PR1) for the first token (T1); and determine the first quantity of the digital asset (B1) based on the pegging rate and the value of the first token (TV1).

15. The method as described in claim 4, wherein the step of allocating the first quantity of the digital asset (B1) associated with the first token (T1) includes: Determine a minimum threshold for the digital asset (MT1) of the first token (T1); And determine a first quantity of the digital asset (B1), the first quantity being equal to or exceeding the minimum threshold of the digital asset (MT1).

16. The method as described in claim 4, comprising the steps of redeeming the first token (T1), the first token being associated with a first quantity of encrypted and electronically transferable digital assets (B1), wherein the issuer: receives a request for the first token (T1) from the first user (A) via the communication network; determines the first redemption script (RS1) associated with the first token (T1); receives the first user's private key (V1A); signs the first redemption script (RS1) using the first user's private key (V1A) and the first issuer's private key (V1I) to unlock the first quantity of digital assets (B1) associated with the first token (T1); and transmits a second data output (O2) via the communication network to the peer-to-peer distributed ledger, including an instruction for a transaction of the first quantity of digital assets (B1) to the issuer (I).

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first token (T1) has a token value of a first portion (R1) and a second portion (R2), wherein the first user (A)'s request to redeem the first token (T1) includes a request to redeem a value of the first portion (R1), the method further comprising: Determine the first user public key (P1A); allocate a second quantity of the digital assets (B2) associated with a second token (T2), wherein the second token has a second token value (TV2) based on the second portion (R2); determine a second hash (H2) of a second redemption script (RS2), wherein the second redemption script (RS2) is based on: at least one second metadata (MD2), which is based on at least a portion of the first metadata (MD1), the first metadata being associated with the first token (T1); the first user public key (P1A); and a first publisher public key (P1I) associated with the publisher (I); wherein, the public ledger is given... The second data output (O2) of the ledger further includes: an instruction to trade at least one of the second quantity of the digital assets (B2) to the first user (A); and a second hash (H2) associated with the second quantity of the digital assets (B2) to provide the second token (T2) associated with the first user (A) and the publisher (I).

18. The method as described in claim 4, comprising the step of a publisher (I) creating a third token (T3), wherein the third token is associated with a value transmitted by the first token (T1), wherein the publisher: receives a request from the first user (A) and / or the second user (B) via the communication network to create the third token (T3); determines the first redemption script (RS1) associated with the first token (T1); receives the first user's private key (V1A); and signs the first redemption script (RS1) using the first user's private key (V1A) and the first publisher's private key (V1I) to unlock the first value associated with the first token (T1). The process involves: measuring the digital asset (B1); determining a second user public key (P1B) that forms an encrypted pair with a second user private key (V1B); allocating a third quantity of the digital asset (B3) associated with the third token; determining a third hash (H3) of a third redemption script (RS3) based on: at least one third metadata (MD3) at least a portion of which is built on the first metadata (MD1) associated with the first token (T1); the second user public key (P1B); and the first publisher public key (P1I); and transmitting a third data output (O3) to the peer-to-peer distributed ledger via the communication network, including: An instruction is given to trade at least one of the third quantity of the digital asset (B3) to the second user (B); And the third hash (H3), which is associated with the third quantity of the digital asset (B3), provides the third token (T3) associated with the second user (B) and the publisher (I).

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first token (T1) has a token value of a first portion (R1) and a second portion (R2), wherein the request to create the third token (T3) includes a request to create the third token (T3) having a third token value (TV3) based on the first portion (R1), the method further comprising: The system determines the first user's public key (P1A); allocates a second quantity of the digital assets (B2) associated with a second token (T2), wherein the second token (T2) has a second token value (TV2) based on the second portion (R2); and determines a second hash (H2) of a second redemption script (RS2), wherein the second redemption script (RS2) is based on at least one second metadata (MD2), which is at least partially based on the first metadata (MD1) associated with the first token (T1). The first user public key (P1A); and the first publisher public key (P1I) associated with the publisher (I); wherein the third data output (O3) to the peer-to-peer distributed ledger further includes: an instruction to trade at least one of the second quantity of the digital assets (B2) to the first user (A); and the second hash (H2), which is associated with the second quantity of the digital assets (B2), providing the second token (T2) associated with the first user (A) and the publisher (I).

20. The method as described in claim 17 or 19, wherein the step of allocating a second quantity of the digital asset (B2) comprises: Determine the pegging rate (PR2) of the second token (T2); And the second quantity of the digital asset (B2) is determined based on the set price rate (PR2) and the second token value (TV2).

21. The method as described in claim 17 or 19, wherein the step of allocating a second quantity of the digital asset (B2) comprises: Determine a minimum threshold for the digital asset (MT2) of the second token (T2); And determine the second quantity of the digital asset (B2), the second quantity being equal to or exceeding the minimum threshold of the second token (T2) of the digital asset (MT2).

22. The method as described in claim 13, wherein the second quantity of the digital assets (B2) and / or the third quantity of the digital assets (B3) at least partially comprises the first quantity of the digital assets (B1).

23. The method as described in claim 4, further comprising: Determine a fourth quantity of that digital asset (B4) as a transaction cost; The first data output (O1) to the point-to-point distributed ledger further includes: an instruction to treat a transaction of the fourth quantity of the digital asset (B4) as a transaction fee.

24. The method as described in claim 4, wherein the peer-to-peer decentralized ledger includes the Bitcoin blockchain.

25. The method as described in claim 4, comprising the step of redeeming the first token (T1), the first token being associated with a first amount of encrypted and electronically transmittable digital assets (B1), wherein the issuer: receives a request for redemption of the first token (T1) from a first user (A) via the communication network; determines the first redemption script (RS1) associated with the first token (T1); transmits the first redemption script (RS1) signed by the first user (A) via the communication network; and receives via the communication network... A first redemption script signed by the first user (RS1A) using the first user's private key (V1A); the first redemption script (RS1A) signed by the first user (A) using the first publisher's private key (V1I) to unlock the first quantity of digital assets (B1) associated with the first token (T1); and a second data output (O2) transmitted to the peer-to-peer distributed ledger via the communication network, including an instruction to trade the first quantity of digital assets (B1) to the publisher (I).

26. The method as described in claim 4, comprising the step of a publisher (I) creating a third token (T3), wherein the third token is associated with a value transmitted by the first token (T1), wherein the publisher: receives a request from the first user (A) and / or the second user (B) via the communication network to create the third token (T3); determines the first redemption script (RS1) associated with the first token (T1); transmits the first redemption script (RS1) signed by the first user (A) via the communication network; receives a first redemption script (RS1A) signed by the first user using the first user's private key (V1A) via the communication network; and signs the first redemption script (RS1A) signed by the first user using the first publisher's private key (V1I). The redemption script (RS1A) unlocks the first quantity of digital assets (B1) associated with the first token (T1); determines a second user public key (P1B) that forms an encrypted pair with a second user private key (V1B); allocates a third quantity of digital assets (B3) associated with the third token; determines a third hash (H3) of a third redemption script (RS3) based on: at least one third metadata (MD3) at least a portion of which is built on the first metadata (MD1) associated with the first token (T1); the second user public key (P1B); and the first publisher public key (P1I); and transmits a third data output (O3) to the peer-to-peer distributed ledger via the communication network, including: An instruction is given to trade at least one of the third quantity of the digital asset (B3) to the second user (B); And the third hash (H3), which is associated with the third quantity of the digital asset (B3), provides the third token (T3) associated with the second user (B) and the publisher (I).

27. A computer program comprising a plurality of machine-readable instructions that enable a processing device to implement the methods described in any of the preceding claims.

28. A system comprising a processing device, the processing device comprising: One processor; Memory is used to store instructions and data for implementing the method that fulfills any of the above requests; And an interface device, including a communication module that facilitates communication with a communication network.

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