Battery module having fireproof structure and operation method thereof for preventing thermal runaway

Abstract

This invention discloses a battery module with a fire-resistant structure and its operation method for preventing thermal runaway. The battery module includes a battery casing, a battery pack, a fire-resistant heat-insulating buffer sheet, and a fire-resistant foamed expansion heat-insulating sheet. The battery casing includes a metal shell and heat dissipation openings, which are connected to the interior of the metal shell through a meandering channel structure. The battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series, parallel, or a series-parallel combination, and is disposed inside the metal shell. A ventilation duct is provided between the battery pack and the metal shell. The fire-resistant heat-insulating buffer sheet is disposed between the plurality of battery cells, and the fire-resistant foamed expansion heat-insulating sheets are respectively disposed in the ventilation duct and the heat dissipation opening.

Claims

1. A battery module with a fire-resistant structure, comprising: a battery casing, including a metal casing and a heat dissipation opening on both sides of the metal casing, the heat dissipation opening being connected to an accommodating space inside the metal casing via a meandering channel structure; a battery pack, comprising a plurality of battery cells connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel, the battery pack being disposed in the accommodating space, and a ventilation duct being provided between the battery pack and the metal casing; a fire-resistant and heat-insulating buffer sheet, comprising an inorganic fiber material, the fire-resistant and heat-insulating buffer sheet being disposed between the plurality of battery cells; and a fire-resistant foamed expansion heat insulation sheet, comprising a flame-retardant material composed of a dehydrating agent, a charring agent, and a foaming agent, the fire-resistant foamed expansion heat insulation sheet being disposed in the ventilation duct and the heat dissipation opening; wherein a fan is provided in the heat dissipation opening.

2. The battery module with a fireproof structure as described in claim 1, wherein the fireproof foamed expansion insulation sheet disposed in the ventilation duct is attached to the inner wall of the metal casing, and the attachment range covers the positive and negative terminals of the plurality of battery cells.

3. The battery module with a fireproof structure as described in claim 1, wherein the meandering channel structure includes a cavity structure consisting of a metal connecting piece on both sides of the metal housing and a metal baffle, the metal connecting piece being connected to the battery pack, the metal baffle protruding from both sides of the metal housing, and the center of the metal baffle being recessed to form the heat dissipation opening.

4. The battery module with a fireproof structure as described in claim 3, wherein the fireproof foamed heat insulation sheet disposed at the heat dissipation opening is attached to the metal connecting piece, and the attachment range covers the heat dissipation opening.

5. A battery module with a fireproof structure as described in claim 1, wherein the battery module includes an integrated energy storage cabinet, a backup battery unit, an uninterruptible power supply system, a charging pile, a 5G communication base station power supply module, a battery array, a battery pack, or a battery cabinet.

6. A battery module with a fire-resistant structure as described in claim 1, wherein the fire-resistant and heat-insulating buffer sheet is made in a corrugated shape.

7. An operation method for preventing thermal runaway of a battery module with a fireproof structure, applicable to a battery module having a battery casing, a battery pack, a fireproof heat insulation buffer sheet, and a fireproof foamed expansion heat insulation sheet, the operation method comprising the following steps: providing the battery casing, the battery casing including a metal shell and a heat dissipation opening on both sides of the metal shell, the heat dissipation opening being connected to an accommodating space inside the metal shell through a meandering channel structure; providing the battery pack in the accommodating space, the battery pack including a plurality of battery cells connected in series, parallel, or a series-parallel combination, and a ventilation duct between the battery pack and the metal shell; The fireproof and heat-insulating buffer sheet is disposed between the plurality of battery cells, and the fireproof foamed heat-insulating sheet is disposed in the ventilation duct and the heat dissipation opening; and the plurality of battery cells are monitored to see if they reach a preset trigger temperature. If the preset trigger temperature is not reached, the thermal reaction gas generated by the battery cells is discharged through the ventilation duct, the meandering channel structure and the heat dissipation opening; if the preset trigger temperature is reached, the fireproof foamed heat-insulating sheet expands to generate heat-insulating foam, which fills the ventilation duct and the heat dissipation opening; wherein a fan is disposed in the heat dissipation opening.

8. The method for preventing thermal runaway of a battery module with a fireproof structure as described in claim 7, wherein the preset trigger temperature is 180°C to 220°C.

9. The method of preventing thermal runaway of a battery module with a fireproof structure as described in claim 7, wherein the fireproof and heat-insulating buffer sheet comprises an inorganic fiber material, and the fireproof foamed expansion heat insulation sheet comprises a flame-retardant material composed of a dehydrating agent, a charring agent and a foaming agent.

10. The method of preventing thermal runaway of a battery module with a fireproof structure as described in claim 7, wherein the battery module includes an integrated energy storage cabinet, a backup battery unit, an uninterruptible power supply system, a charging pile, a 5G communication base station power supply module, a battery array, a battery pack, or a battery cabinet.

11. The method of preventing thermal runaway of a battery module with a fireproof structure as described in claim 7, wherein the fireproof and heat-insulating buffer sheet is made in a corrugated shape.

Images