Prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein (PHD) inhibitors and uses thereof

Abstract

This invention describes PHD inhibitors and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such inhibitors. The subject compounds and compositions are suitable for treating anemia.

Description

Protein (PHD) inhibitors containing prolyl hydroxylase domains and their uses Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mediates gene expression in response to changes in cellular oxygen concentration. HIF is a heterodimer with an oxygen-regulating subunit (HIF-α) and a constitutively expressive subunit (HIF-β). HIF prolyl hydroxylase, also known as a protein containing a prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD), exists in humans in three isoforms (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3). PHD acts as an oxygen sensor regulating the HIF degradation pathway. In short, PHD is responsible for the hydroxylation of HIFα (the HIF subunit), which initiates the pathway ultimately leading to HIFα degradation via the proteasome. Three isoforms of PHD exist: PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3. Inhibition of PHD has been indicated as a promising therapy for HIFα-related diseases such as anemia. Inhibitors of PHD coordinate erythropoiesis by inducing the synthesis of erythropoietin ("EPO") in the kidneys and liver (which stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow) and by regulating iron metabolism (an essential component of functional red blood cells). Inhibitors of PHD also inhibit the production of hepatic hepcidin, which negatively impacts iron transport. It is also hypothesized that inhibitors of PHD may upregulate the expression of several iron metabolism genes, such as DMT1 and DCYTB. Since HIF prolyl hydroxylase plays a major role in cellular oxygen sensing, inhibitors of PHD may be applicable for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, hematological diseases, lung diseases, kidney diseases, liver diseases, wound healing disorders, cancer, and other conditions. This article discloses a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or stereoisomer thereof: Equation (I), where: R 1 As appropriate and independently via one or more R 1a Substituted bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl groups; each R 1a Independent of halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -OC(=O)R a -OC(=O)OR b -OC(=O)NR c R d -SH, -SR a -S(=O)R a -S(=O) 2R a -S(=O) 2NR c R d -NR c R d -NR b C(=O)NR c R d -NR b C(=O)R a -NR b C(=O)OR b -NR b S(=O) 2R a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-halogenated, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6-Alynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; or two Rs on the same atom 1a Together they form a side oxygen group; X is N or CR 2 R 2 For hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; R 3 Hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl; R 4 Hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl; R 5 For hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; Y is -O-, -S-, or -NR 6 -; R 6 For hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; L is -(CR 7 R 8 ) p -; Each R 7 and R 8 Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; or R on the same carbon atom 7 and R 8 Together they form cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl groups; each, depending on the case, is derived from one or more R... 7a Replace; Each R 7a Independent of halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -NR c R d -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; p is 0 to 4; ring A is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; each R 9 Independent of halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -OC(=O)R a -OC(=O)OR b -OC(=O)NR c R d -SH, -SR a -S(=O)R a -S(=O) 2R a -S(=O) 2NR c R d -NR c R d -NR b C(=O)NR c R d -NR b C(=O)R a -NR b C(=O)OR b -NR b S(=O) 2R a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-halogenated, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6. Alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups are, as appropriate and independently, derived from one or more R groups. 9a Substitution; or two R atoms on the same atom 9 Together they form lateral oxygen groups; each R 9a Independent of halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -OC(=O)R a -OC(=O)OR b -OC(=O)NR c R d -SH, -SR a -S(=O)R a -S(=O) 2R a -S(=O) 2NR c R d -NR c R d -NR b C(=O)NR c R d -NR b C(=O)R a -NR b C(=O)OR b -NR b S(=O) 2R a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6. Acynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; or two R on the same atom 9a Together they form lateral oxygen groups; n is 0 to 4; each R a Independently for C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6. Alkyl (heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, ynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group is independently substituted by one or more Rs, depending on the case; each R b Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6. Alkyl (heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, ynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group is independently substituted by one or more Rs, depending on the case; each R c and R d Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6. Alkyl (heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, ynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group is independently substituted with one or more R, depending on the case; or R c and R d Together with the atoms to which it is attached, it forms a heterocyclic alkyl group that is substituted with one or more Rs, depending on the case; and each R is independently a halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OC. 1-C 6-alkyl, -S(=O)C 1-C 6-alkyl group, -S (=O) 2C 1-C 6-alkyl group, -S (=O) 2NH 2. -S (=O) 2NHC 1-C 6-alkyl group, -S (=O) 2N(C 1-C 6-alkyl) 2. -NH 2. -NHC 1-C 6-alkyl, -N(C) 1-C 6-alkyl) 2. -NHC(=O)OC 1-C 6-alkyl, -C(=O)C 1-C 6-alkyl, -C(=O)OH, -C(=O)OC 1-C 6-alkyl, -C(=O)NH 2. -C(=O)N(C 1-C 6-alkyl) 2. -C(=O)NHC 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; or two R atoms on the same atom together forming a side oxygen group. This article also discloses a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or stereoisomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. This article also discloses a method for treating an individual’s disease or condition, which involves administering to the individual a compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, wherein the disease or condition is anemia. This article also discloses a method for stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in an individual, comprising administering to the individual a compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, HIF is HIF-1α. This patent application claims the benefits of International Application No. PCT / CN2021 / 127023, filed on October 28, 2021, and International Application No. PCT / CN2022 / 112270, filed on August 12, 2022, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. References included All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference as if each individual publication, patent or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. definition In the following description, certain specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be practiced without such details. In other instances, well-known structures have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the embodiments. Unless the context otherwise requires, throughout this specification and in the claims thereof, the word "comprise" and its variations (such as "comprises / comprising") shall be considered to have an open-ended, inclusive meaning, i.e., "including but not limited to". Furthermore, the headings provided herein are for convenience only and do not constitute an explanation of the scope or meaning of the claimed invention. Throughout this specification, the references "some embodiments" or "an embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in one embodiment" appearing throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Moreover, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a / an" and "the" include a plural of indicators. It should also be noted that unless the content clearly indicates otherwise, the term "or" is generally used to mean "and / or". Unless otherwise indicated, the terms used herein have the following meanings: "Side oxygen group" refers to =O. "Carboxyl group" refers to -COOH. "Cyano" refers to -CN. "alkyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched monovalent group of a saturated hydrocarbon having one to ten carbon atoms, more preferably one to six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-2-propyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-3-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tertiary pentyl and hexyl, as well as longer alkyl groups such as heptyl, octyl and similar groups. Whenever it appears in this article, such as "C" 1-C "6-alkyl" or "C" 1-6 The numerical range of "alkyl" means that an alkyl group can consist of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms, although the definition of this invention also covers the presence of the term "alkyl" without specifying a numerical range. In some embodiments, an alkyl group is C14. 1-10 Alkyl group. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is C10. 1-6 Alkyl group. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is C10. 1-5 Alkyl group. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is C10. 1-4 Alkyl group. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is C10. 1-3 Alkyl group. Unless otherwise specifically stated in this specification, alkyl groups may be substituted as appropriate with, for example, oxy, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and similar groups. In some embodiments, alkyl groups may be substituted as appropriate with oxy, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH 2 or -NO 2. Substitution. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe, depending on the situation. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is substituted with halogen, depending on the situation. "Alkenyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon monovalent group having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds and having two to ten carbon atoms, more preferably two to six carbon atoms. The group may be configured in cis or trans configurations around the double bonds, and should be understood to include both isomers. Examples include, but are not limited to, vinyl (-CH=CH) 2) 1-Propylene (-CH 2CH=CH 2) Isopropenyl [-C(CH 3)=CH 2], butenyl, 1,3-butadienyl and similar groups. Whenever they appear in this text, such as "C 2-C "6-olefin" or "C" 2-6The numerical range of "alkenyl" means that an alkenyl group can consist of 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms, but the definition of this invention also covers the presence of the term "alkenyl" where no numerical range is specified. Unless otherwise specifically stated in this specification, an alkenyl group may be substituted, for example, with a side-oxygen group, halogen, amino group, nitrile group, nitro group, hydroxyl group, haloalkyl group, alkoxy group, carboxyl group, carboxylate group, aryl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocycloalkyl group, heteroaryl group, and similar groups. In some embodiments, the alkenyl group may be substituted, for example, with a side-oxygen group, halogen, -CN, -COOH, -COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH 2 or -NO 2. Substitution. In some embodiments, the alkenyl group is substituted with a halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe, depending on the situation. In some embodiments, the alkenyl group is substituted with a halogen, depending on the situation. "Alynyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon monovalent group having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds and having two to about ten carbon atoms, more preferably two to about six carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, 2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 1,3-butadiynyl, and similar groups. Whenever it appears in this document, such as "C 2-C "6-acetylenic" or "C" 2-6 The numerical range of "alkynyl" means that the alkynyl group can consist of 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms, but the definition of this invention also covers the presence of the term "alkynyl" where no numerical range is specified. Unless otherwise specifically stated in this specification, the alkynyl group may be substituted as appropriate with, for example, a syloxy group, halogen, amino group, nitrile group, nitro group, hydroxyl group, haloalkyl group, alkoxy group, carboxyl group, carboxylate group, aryl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocycloalkyl group, heteroaryl group, and similar groups. In some embodiments, the alkynyl group may be substituted as appropriate with a syloxy group, halogen, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH 2 or -NO 2. Substitution. In some embodiments, the alkynyl group is substituted as follows: halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkynyl group is substituted as a halogen. "Phenylene" refers to a straight-chain or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain. Unless otherwise specifically stated in this specification, alkylene groups may be substituted as appropriate with, for example, oxy groups, halogens, amino groups, nitriles, hydroxyl groups, haloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, carboxyl groups, carboxyl groups, aryl groups, cycloalkyl groups, heterocycloalkyl groups, heteroaryl groups, and similar groups. In some embodiments, alkylene groups may be substituted as appropriate with oxy groups, halogens, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH 2 or -NO 2. Substitution. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is substituted as follows: halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is substituted as a halogen. "alkoxy group" refers to the -OR a The group, wherein R a Alkyl groups are defined as such. Unless otherwise specifically stated in this specification, alkoxy groups may be substituted as appropriate with, for example, alkyl groups, halogens, amino groups, nitriles, hydroxyl groups, haloalkyl groups, alkoxy groups, carboxyl groups, carboxyl groups, aryl groups, cycloalkyl groups, heterocycloalkyl groups, heteroaryl groups, and similar groups. In some embodiments, alkoxy groups may be substituted as appropriate with halogens, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -OH, -OMe, -NH 2 or -NO 2. Substitution. In some embodiments, the alkoxy group is substituted with halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OMe, depending on the situation. In some embodiments, the alkoxy group is substituted with halogen, depending on the situation. "Aryl" refers to a group derived from a hydrocarbon ring system containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic ring. Aryl groups can be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring systems, and can include fused (when fused with a cycloalkyl or heterocyclic alkyl ring, the aryl group is bonded via aromatic ring atoms) or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the aryl group is a 6- to 10-membered aryl group. In some embodiments, the aryl group is a 6-membered aryl (phenyl). Aryl groups include, but are not limited to, aryl groups derived from the following hydrocarbon ring systems: anthracene, anthracene, anthracene, anthracene, benzene, arsenyl, arsenyl, s-dicyclopentadienylbenzene, s-dicyclopentadienylbenzene, indane, indene, naphthalene, fen, phenanthrene, pleiadene, pyrene, and terphenyl. Unless otherwise specifically stated in this specification, the aryl group may be substituted, as appropriate, with halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and similar groups. In some embodiments, the aryl group may be substituted, as appropriate, with halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF 3. -OH, -OMe, -NH 2 or -NO 2. Substitution. In some embodiments, the aryl group is substituted with the following, depending on the situation: halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF. 3. -OH or -OMe. In some embodiments, the aryl group is halogenated as appropriate. "Cycloalkyl" refers to a partially or fully saturated monocyclic or polycyclic carbon ring, which may include fused (when fused with an aryl or heteroaryl ring, the cycloalkyl is bonded via non-aromatic ring atoms), helical, or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is fully saturated. Representative cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, those having three to fifteen carbon atoms (e.g., C10, C20, C30, C40, C50, C60, C70, C80, C9 ... 3-C 15 Fully saturated cycloalkyl or C 3-C 15 Cycloalkenyl), three to ten carbon atoms (e.g., C10, C20, C30, C40, C50, C60, C70, C80, C9 ... 3-C 10 Fully saturated cycloalkyl or C 3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl), three to eight carbon atoms (e.g., C10, C20, C30, C40, C50, C60, C70, C80, C9 ... 3-C 8 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C 3-C 8-cycloalkenyl), three to six carbon atoms (e.g., C10, C20, C30, C40, C50, C60, C70, C80, C9 ... 3-C 6 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C 3-C 6-cycloalkenyl), three to five carbon atoms (e.g., C60 ... 3-C 5 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C 3-C 5-cycloalkenyl) or three to four carbon atoms (e.g., fully saturated C) 3-C 4-cycloalkyl or C 3-C A cycloalkyl group (4-cyclic alkenyl). In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is a 3- to 10-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl group or a 3- to 10-membered cycloalkenyl group. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is a 3- to 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl group or a 3- to 6-membered cycloalkenyl group. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is a 5- to 6-membered fully saturated cycloalkyl group or a 5- to 6-membered cycloalkenyl group. Monocyclic cycloalkyl groups include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Polycyclic cycloalkyl groups include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decahydronaphthyl, bicyclo[3.3.0]octane, bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane, cis-decahydronaphthyl, trans-decahydronaphthyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, and bicyclo[3.3.2]decane, as well as 7,7-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl. Partially saturated cycloalkyl groups include, for example, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctenyl. Unless otherwise specifically stated in this specification, cycloalkyl groups are substituted as appropriate, for example, with oxy, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and similar groups. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group may be substituted with a side-oxygen group, halogen, methyl group, ethyl group, -CN group, -COOH group, COOMe group, or -CF group, depending on the specific embodiment. 3. -OH, -OMe, -NH 2 or -NO 2. Substitution. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is substituted as follows: lateral oxy, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF. 3. -OH or -OMe. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl group is halogenated as appropriate. "Halogen" or "halogen" refers to bromine, chlorine, fluorine, or iodine. In some embodiments, the halogen is fluorine or chlorine. In some embodiments, the halogen is fluorine. "Haloalkyl" means an alkyl group as defined above that has been substituted with one or more halogen groups as defined above, such as trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1,2-dibromoethyl and similar groups. "Hydroxyalkyl" refers to an alkyl group as defined above that has been substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is substituted with one hydroxyl group. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is substituted with one, two, or three hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyalkyl groups include, for example, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, or hydroxypentyl. In some embodiments, the hydroxyalkyl group is hydroxymethyl. "Aminoalkyl" means an alkyl group as defined above that is substituted with one or more amines. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is substituted with one amine. In some embodiments, the alkyl group is substituted with one, two, or three amines. Aminoalkyl groups include, for example, aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, aminobutyl, or aminopentyl. In some embodiments, the aminoalkyl group is aminomethyl. "Heteroalkyl" refers to an alkyl group in which one or more alkyl skeleton atoms are selected from atoms other than carbon, such as oxygen, nitrogen (e.g., -NH-, -N(alkyl)-), sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof. The heteroalkyl group is attached to the rest of the molecule at the carbon atom of the heteroalkyl group. In one state, the heteroalkyl group is C10. 1-C 6. Heteroalkyl groups, wherein the heteroalkyl group consists of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and one or more atoms other than carbon, such as oxygen, nitrogen (e.g., -NH-, -N(alkyl)-), sulfur, phosphorus, or combinations thereof, wherein the heteroalkyl group is attached to the remainder of the molecule at the carbon atom of the heteroalkyl group. Examples of such heteroalkyl groups are, for example, -CH 2OCH 3. -CH 2CH 2OCH 3. -CH 2CH 2OCH 2CH 2OCH 3. -CH(CH) 3) OCH 3. -CH 2NHCH 3. -CH 2N(CH 3) 2. -CH 2CH 2NHCH 3 or -CH 2CH 2N(CH 3) 2. Unless otherwise specifically stated in this specification, heteroalkyl groups may be substituted as follows, for example, with the following substitutions: syl group, halogen, amino group, nitrile group, nitro group, hydroxyl group, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, haloalkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group, cycloalkyl group, heterocycloalkyl group, heteroaryl group, and similar groups. In some embodiments, heteroalkyl groups may be substituted as follows, for example, with the following substitutions: syl group, halogen, methyl group, ethyl group, -CN group, -CF group. 3. -OH, -OMe, -NH 2 or -NO 2. In some embodiments, the heteroalkyl group may be substituted with a side-oxygen group, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, or -CF, depending on the specific embodiment. 3. -OH or -OMe substitution. In some embodiments, heteroalkyl groups are halogenated as appropriate. "Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to a 3- to 24-membered partially or fully saturated cyclic group comprising 2 to 23 carbon atoms and one to eight heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl is fully saturated. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl comprises one to three nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl comprises one or two nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl comprises one nitrogen atom. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl comprises one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom. Unless otherwise specifically stated in this specification, the heterocyclic alkyl may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused (when fused with an aryl or heteroaryl ring, the heterocyclic alkyl is linked via a non-aromatic ring atom), helical, or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atoms in the heterocyclic alkyl may be oxidized as appropriate; the nitrogen atom may be quaternized as appropriate. Representative heterocyclic alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, those having two to fifteen carbon atoms (e.g., C10, C20, C30, C40, C50, C60, C7 ... 2-C 15 Fully saturated heterocyclic alkyl or C 2-C 15 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups), two to ten carbon atoms (e.g., C10, C20, C30, C40, C50, C60, C70, C80, C9 ... 2-C 10 Fully saturated heterocyclic alkyl or C 2-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups), two to eight carbon atoms (e.g., C10, C20, C30, C40, C50, C60, C70, C80, C9 ... 2-C 8 fully saturated heterocyclic alkyl or C 2-C 8 heterocyclic alkenyl groups), two to seven carbon atoms (e.g., C10, C20, C30, C40, C50, C60, C70, C80, C9 ... 2-C 7 fully saturated heterocyclic alkyl or C 2-C 7 heterocyclic alkenyl groups), two to six carbon atoms (e.g., C646), and two to six carbon atoms (e.g., C646). 2-C 6 fully saturated heterocyclic alkyl or C 2-C 6 heterocyclic alkenyl groups), two to five carbon atoms (e.g., C6 ... 2-C 5 fully saturated heterocyclic alkyl or C 2-C 5 heterocyclic alkenyl groups) or two to four carbon atoms (e.g., C50, C60, C70, C80, C9 ... 2-C 4 fully saturated heterocyclic alkyl or C 2-C Heterocyclic alkyl groups (4-heterocyclic alkenyl groups). Examples of such heterocyclic alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, acrylonitrile. Aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, dioxolanyl, thiophene[1,3]dithiaalkyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazodinyl, isothiazolinyl, isozalidinyl, taurinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-side-oxypiperidinyl, 2-side-oxypiperidinyl, 2-side-oxypyrrolidinyl, tauridinyl, piperidinyl, piperidinyl, 4-piperidinoneyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl The terms pyridyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, trithiaalkyl, tetrahydropiperanyl, thiopyrinyl, thiazolinyl, 1-sideoxy-thiopyrinyl, 1,1-disideoxy-thiopyrinyl, 1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, 3-sideoxy-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl, methyl-2-sideoxy-1,3-m-dioxacyclopenten-4-yl, and 2-sideoxy-1,3-m-dioxacyclopenten-4-yl are used. The term heterocyclic alkyl also includes all cyclic forms of carbohydrates, including but not limited to monosaccharides, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group has 2 to 10 carbons in the ring. It should be understood that when referring to the number of carbon atoms in a heterocyclic alkyl group, the number of carbon atoms in the heterocyclic alkyl group is not the same as the total number of atoms constituting the heterocyclic alkyl group (i.e., the skeletal atoms of the heterocyclic alkyl ring), including heteroatoms. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclic alkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group is 3 to 7-membered heterocyclic alkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclic alkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group is 4 to 6-membered heterocyclic alkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group is 5 to 6-membered heterocyclic alkyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclic alkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group is 3 to 7-membered heterocyclic alkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclic alkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group is 4 to 6-membered heterocyclic alkenyl. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group is 5 to 6-membered heterocyclic alkenyl. Unless otherwise specifically stated in this specification, heterocyclic alkyl groups may be substituted as described below, for example, with oxy, halogen, amino, nitrile, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl, heteroaryl, and similar groups. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group may be substituted as described below with oxy, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF 3. -OH, -OMe, -NH 2 or -NO 2. Substitution. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group is, as appropriate, halogenated, methylated, ethylated, -CN-, -CF-. 3. -OH or -OMe substitution. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic alkyl group is halogenated as appropriate. "Heteroaryl" refers to a 5- to 14-membered ring system group comprising one to thirteen carbon atoms, one to six heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur, and at least one aromatic ring. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group comprises one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group comprises one to three nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group comprises one or two nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group comprises one nitrogen atom. A heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused (when fused with a cycloalkyl or heterocyclic alkyl ring, the heteroaryl group is bonded via aromatic ring atoms) or bridged ring system; and the nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur atoms in the heteroaryl group may be oxidized as appropriate; the nitrogen atom may be quaternized as appropriate. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group is a 6-membered heteroaryl group. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group is a 5-membered heteroaryl group. Examples include, but are not limited to, aziryl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoindolyl, benzodioxoyl, benzofuranyl, benzoaziryl, benzothiazolyl, benzo[b][1,4]diaziryl, 1,4-benzodialkyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoaziryl, benzodioxoyl, benzodioxane, benzodioxane, benzodioxane, benzopiperanyl, and benzyl Benzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophene (benzobenzyl), benzotriazolyl, benzo[4,6]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, carbazole, cinnolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophene, furanyl, furanyl ketone, isothiazolyl, imidazoyl, indazole, indoleyl, isoindoleyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indoleyl alkyl, isozolyl, nitryl, acediazole, 2-side oxy-nitro group, acezolyl, oxygen Oxiranyl, 1-oxo-pyridyl, 1-oxo-pyrimidinyl, 1-oxo-pyridine, 1-oxo-pyridine, 1-oxo-pyridine, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrroleyl, phenidyl, phenidylthialyl, phenidyl, pyridyl, pteridinyl, purine, pyrroleyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridine, pyridine, pyrimidinyl, pyridine, pyridine, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinolinyl The heteroaryl group may be substituted with, for example, halogen, amino, nitrile, hydroxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and similar groups. Unless otherwise specifically stated in this specification, the heteroaryl group may be substituted with, for example, halogen, amino, nitrile, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, carboxylate, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and similar groups. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group may be substituted with, for example, halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -COOH, COOMe, -CF. 3. -OH, -OMe, -NH 2 or -NO 2. Substitution. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group is substituted as follows: halogen, methyl, ethyl, -CN, -CF. 3. -OH or -OMe. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group is halogenated as appropriate. The terms "optional" or "optionally" mean that the event or situation described below may or may not occur, and this specification includes both the occurrence and non-occurrence of such event or situation. For example, "optionally substituted alkyl" means "alkyl" or "substituted alkyl" as defined above. Additionally, optionally substituted groups may be unsubstituted (e.g., -CH). 2CH 3) Completely substituted (e.g., -CF) 2CF 3) By monosubstitution (e.g., -CH) 2CH 2F) or any degree of substitution between complete substitution and monosubstitution (e.g., -CH) 2CHF 2. -CH 2CF 3. -CF 2CH 3. -CFHCHF 2, etc.). Regarding any group containing one or more substituents, those skilled in the art will understand that such groups are not intended to introduce any sterically impractical and / or synthetically infeasible substitution or substitution pattern (e.g., substituted alkyl groups include, where appropriate, substituted cycloalkyl groups, which are defined as including, where appropriate, substituted alkyl groups, which may be infinite). Therefore, any substituents described should be generally understood to have a maximum molecular weight of about 1,000 Daltons and more typically, at most about 500 Daltons. The term "one or more" when referring to substituents present as they may be means that the subject group is substituted with one, two, three, or four substituents as they may be. In some embodiments, the subject group is substituted with one, two, three, or four substituents as they may be. In some embodiments, the subject group is substituted with one, two, or three substituents as they may be. In some embodiments, the subject group is substituted with one or two substituents as they may be. In some embodiments, the subject group is substituted with one substituent as they may be. In some embodiments, the subject group is substituted with two substituents as they may be. "Effective dose" or "therapeutic effective dose" refers to the amount of a compound administered to a mammalian individual as a single dose or as part of a series of doses that effectively produces the desired therapeutic effect. "Treatment" of an individual (e.g., a mammal, such as a human) or cell is any type of intervention intended to alter the natural course of disease in that individual or cell. In some embodiments, treatment includes administering a pharmaceutical composition after a pathological event or exposure to a pathogenic agent, and includes stabilizing symptoms (e.g., preventing symptoms from worsening) or alleviating symptoms. Compound This article describes compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers, which are suitable for the treatment of anemia. This article discloses a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or stereoisomer thereof: Equation (I), where: R 1 X is a bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group that is substituted, depending on the case and independently; X is N or CR. 2 R 2 For hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl; R 3 Hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl; R 4 Hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl; R 5 For hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; Y is -O-, -S-, or -NR 6 -; R 6 For hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; L is -(CR 7 R 8 ) p -; Each R 7 and R 8 Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; or R on the same carbon atom 7 and R 8 Together they form cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl groups; each, depending on the case, is derived from one or more R... 7a Replace; Each R 7a Independent of halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -NR cR d -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; p is 0 to 4; ring A is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; each R 9 Independent of halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -OC(=O)R a -OC(=O)OR b -OC(=O)NR c R d -SH, -SR a -S(=O)R a -S(=O) 2R a -S(=O) 2NR c R d -NR c R d -NR b C(=O)NR c R d -NR b C(=O)R a -NR b C(=O)OR b -NR b S(=O) 2R a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6. Acynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, acetylinyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups are substituted, as appropriate and independently; n is 0 to 4; each R a Independently for C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6. Alkyl (heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, ynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group is independently substituted as appropriate; each R b Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6. Alkyl (heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, ynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group is independently substituted as appropriate; each R c and R d Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6. Alkyl (heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, ynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group is independently substituted as appropriate; or R c and R d Together with the atoms to which they are attached, they form heterocyclic alkyl groups that are substituted as appropriate. This article discloses a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or stereoisomer thereof: Equation (I), where: R 1 As appropriate and independently via one or more R 1a Substituted bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl groups; each R 1a Independent of halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -OC(=O)R a -OC(=O)OR b -OC(=O)NR c R d -SH, -SR a -S(=O)R a -S(=O) 2R a -S(=O) 2NR c R d -NR c R d -NR b C(=O)NR c R d -NR b C(=O)R a -NR b C(=O)OR b -NR b S(=O) 2R a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-halogenated, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6-Alynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; or two Rs on the same atom 1a Together they form an lateral group; X is N or CR 2 R 2 It can be hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, -CN, or -NO. 2. -OH, -OR a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl; R 3 Hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl; R 4 Hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl; R 5 For hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; Y is -O-, -S-, or -NR 6 -; R 6 For hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; L is -(CR 7 R 8 ) p -; Each R 7 and R 8 Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; or R on the same carbon atom 7 and R 8 Together they form cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl groups; each, depending on the case, is derived from one or more R... 7a Replace; Each R 7a Independent of halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -NR c R d -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; p is 0 to 4; ring A is cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; each R 9 Independent of halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -OC(=O)R a -OC(=O)OR b -OC(=O)NR c R d -SH, -SR a -S(=O)R a -S(=O) 2R a -S(=O) 2NR c R d -NR c R d -NR b C(=O)NR c R d -NR b C(=O)R a -NR b C(=O)OR b -NR b S(=O) 2R a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-halogenated, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6. Acynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, acetylation, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are, as appropriate and independently, derived by one or more R... 9a Substitution; or two R atoms on the same atom 9 Together they form lateral oxygen groups; each R 9a Independent of halogen, -CN, -NO 2. -OH, -OR a -OC(=O)R a -OC(=O)OR b -OC(=O)NR c R d -SH, -SR a -S(=O)R a -S(=O) 2R a -S(=O) 2NR c R d -NR c R d -NR b C(=O)NR c R d -NR b C(=O)R a -NR b C(=O)OR b -NR b S(=O) 2R a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR cR d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6. Acynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; or two R on the same atom 9a Together they form lateral oxygen groups; n is 0 to 4; each R a Independently for C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6. Alkyl (heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, ynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group is independently substituted by one or more Rs, depending on the case; each R b Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6. Alkyl (heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, ynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group is independently substituted by one or more Rs as appropriate; and each R c and R d Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, C 2-C 6-alkenyl, C 2-C 6-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6. Alkyl (heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, ynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group is independently substituted with one or more R, depending on the case; or R c and R d Together with the atoms to which it is attached, it forms a heterocyclic alkyl group that is substituted with one or more Rs, depending on the case; and each R is independently a halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OC. 1-C 6-alkyl, -S(=O)C 1-C 6-alkyl group, -S (=O) 2C 1-C 6-alkyl group, -S (=O) 2NH 2. -S (=O) 2NHC 1-C 6-alkyl group, -S (=O) 2N(C 1-C 6-alkyl) 2. -NH 2. -NHC 1-C 6-alkyl, -N(C) 1-C 6-alkyl) 2. -NHC(=O)OC 1-C 6-alkyl, -C(=O)C 1-C 6-alkyl, -C(=O)OH, -C(=O)OC 1-C 6-alkyl, -C(=O)NH 2. -C(=O)N(C 1-C 6-alkyl) 2. -C(=O)NHC 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups; or two R atoms on the same atom together forming a side oxygen group. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, X is N. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, X is CR. 2 . In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 2 It is hydrogen, fluorine or C 1-C 6-alkyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 2 It is hydrogen or C 1-C 6-alkyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 2 It is hydrogen. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 3 For hydrogen, halogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl or C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl group. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 3 It is hydrogen, halogen or C 1-C 6-alkyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 3 It is hydrogen or C 1-C 6-alkyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 3 It is hydrogen. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 4 For hydrogen, halogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl or C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl group. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 4 It is hydrogen, halogen or C 1-C 6-alkyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 4 It is hydrogen or C 1-C 6-alkyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 4 It is hydrogen. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 5 It is hydrogen or C 1-C 6-alkyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 5 C 1-C 6-alkyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 5 It is hydrogen. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers for . In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers for . In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, Y is -O- or -NR. 6- In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, Y is -NR. 6 - In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers, Y is -O-. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers, Y is -S-. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 6 It is hydrogen or C 1-C 6-alkyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 6 C 1-C 6-alkyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 6 It is hydrogen. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, p is 1 to 4. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, p is 1 to 3. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, p is 1 or 2. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, p is 1. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, p is 2. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, p is 3. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 7 and R 8 Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-haloalkyl or C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl; or R on the same carbon 7and R 8 Together they form cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl groups. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 7 and R 8 Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-haloalkyl or C 1-C 6-Hydroxyalkyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R on the same carbon 7 and R 8 Together they form cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl groups. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 7 and R 8 Independently hydrogen or C 1-C 6-alkyl groups. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 7 and R 8 It is hydrogen. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 7a Independent of halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR a -NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl or C 1-C 6-Haloalkyl. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 7a Independent of halogen, -OH, -OR a C 1-C 6-alkyl group. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, ring A is aryl or heteroaryl. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, ring A is phenyl. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, ring A is 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, ring A is 6-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, ring A is 6-membered pyridyl. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, n is 1 to 3. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, n is 2 to 4. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, n is 2 or 3. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, n is 1 or 2. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, n is 0. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, n is 1. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, n is 2. In some embodiments of the compound of formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers, n is 3. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 9 Independent of halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR a -NR c R d -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl groups. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 9 Independent of halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR a -NR c R d -C(=O)OR b C 1-C 6-alkyl or C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl groups. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 9 It can be halogenated or -CN independently. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 9 For -CN. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1 To independently pass through one or more R 1a Substituted bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl groups. In some embodiments, R 1 Independently via 1, 2, 3 or 4 R 1a Replacement. In some embodiments, R 1 Independently via 1 or 2 R 1a Replacement. In some embodiments, R 1 It is a bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group that has been substituted, as appropriate. In some embodiments, R 1 It is a spirobicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group. In some embodiments, R 1 It is a fused bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group. In some embodiments, R 1 It is a bridging bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group. In some embodiments, R 1 It is an 8- to 10-membered, substituted bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1 for Each of them, depending on the circumstances, is subject to one or more Rs. 1a (For example, 1, 2 or 3 Rs) 1a ) replace. In some embodiments, R 1 for Depending on the situation, it may be processed through 1 or 2 Rs 1a Replacement. In some embodiments, R 1 for Depending on the situation, it may be processed through 1 or 2 Rs 1a Replacement. In some embodiments, R 1 for Depending on the situation, it may be processed through 1 or 2 Rs 1a Replacement. In some embodiments, R 1 for Depending on the situation, it may be processed through 1 or 2 Rs 1a Replacement. In some embodiments, R 1 for Depending on the situation, it may be processed through 1 or 2 Rs 1a Replacement. In some embodiments, R 1 for Depending on the situation, it may be processed through 1 or 2 Rs 1a Replacement. In some embodiments, R 1 for Depending on the situation, it may be processed through 1 or 2 Rs 1a Replacement. In some embodiments, R 1 for Depending on the situation, it may be processed through 1 or 2 Rs 1a Replacement. In some embodiments, R 1 for Depending on the situation, it may be processed through 1 or 2 Rs 1a replace. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1 The derivatives are 3,6-diaceridine[3.1.1]heptane, 2,5-diaceridine[2.2.1]heptane, 6-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, or 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, each, depending on the circumstances and independently, via one or more R... 1a Substitution. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1 Depending on the circumstances, via one or more R 1a The substitute is 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1 Depending on the circumstances and independently via 1 or 2 R 1a Substituted bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl groups. In some embodiments, R 1 Depending on the circumstances and independently via 1 or 2 R 1a The 7- to 9-membered bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group is replaced, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group contains 0 to 1 epoxy atom and 1 to 2 cyclic nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1 Not replaced. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 1a Independent of halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR a -NR c R d -NR b C(=O)NR c R d -NR b C(=O)R a -NR b C(=O)OR b -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6. Heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; or two R on the same atom 1a Together they form lateral oxygen groups. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 1a Independent of halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR a -NR c R d -NR b C(=O)R a -NR bC(=O)OR b -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6. Heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; or two R on the same atom 1a Together they form lateral oxygen groups. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 1a Independent of halogen, -CN, -OH, -OR a -NR c R d -NR b C(=O)R a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6. Heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl; or two R on the same atom 1a Together they form lateral oxygen groups. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 1a Independent of halogen, -OH, -OR a -NR b C(=O)R a -C(=O)R a -C(=O)OR b -C(=O)NR c R d C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl or cycloalkyl; or two R on the same atom 1a Together they form lateral oxygen groups. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R 1a Independently for C 1-C 6-alkyl (e.g., methyl), C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl or -C(=O)OR b (For example, -C(=O)O(C) 1-C 6-alkyl). In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1a -C(=O)NR c R d In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1a -C(=O)NH 2. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1a for . In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1 for . In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1 for . In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1 for . In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1 for . In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R 1 for . In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R a Independently for C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 Heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6. Alkyl (heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group is independently substituted with one or more Rs as appropriate. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R... a Independently for C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6. Halogenated or cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclic alkyl group is independently substituted by one or more R, depending on the case. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R a Independently for C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 Heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6-alkyl (heteroaryl). In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers, each R a Independently for C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6. Halogenated or cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers, each R a Independently for C 1-C 6-alkyl or C 1-C 6-Haloalkyl. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R a Independently for C 1-C 6-alkyl group. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R b Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 Heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6. Alkyl (heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group is independently substituted with one or more Rs as appropriate. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R... b Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6. Halogenated or cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclic alkyl group is independently substituted by one or more R, depending on the case. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R b Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 Heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6-alkyl (heteroaryl). In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers, each R b Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6. Halogenated or cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers, each R b Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl or C 1-C 6-Haloalkyl. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R b Independently hydrogen or C 1-C 6-alkyl groups. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R bFor hydrogen. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers, each R b Independently for C 1-C 6-alkyl group. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R c and R d Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 Heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6. Alkyl (heteroaryl); wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group is independently substituted with one or more Rs as appropriate. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R... c and R d Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6. Halogenated or cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl; wherein each alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclic alkyl group is independently substituted by one or more R, depending on the case. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R c and R d Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 Heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (heterocyclic alkyl), C 1-C 6-alkyl (aryl) or C 1-C 6-alkyl (heteroaryl). In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers, each R c and R d Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6. Halogenated or cycloalkyl, heterocyclic alkyl. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers, each R c and R d Independently hydrogen, C 1-C 6-alkyl or C 1-C 6-Haloalkyl. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R c and R d Independently hydrogen or C 1-C 6-alkyl groups. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R c and R dFor hydrogen. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers, each R c and R d Independently for C 1-C 6-alkyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R c For hydrogen, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl or C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl group. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R d For hydrogen, C 1-C 6-hydroxyalkyl, C 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl, C 1-C 6-aminoalkyl, C 1-C 6 heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, C 1-C 6-alkyl (cycloalkyl) or C 1-C 6. alkylene (heterocyclic alkyl). In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R d -CH 2OCH 3. -CH 2CH 2OCH 3. -CH 2CH 2OCH 2CH 2OCH 3. -CH(CH) 3) OCH 3. -CH 2NHCH 3. -CH 2N(CH 3) 2. -CH 2CH 2NHCH 3. -CH 2CH 2N(CH 3) 2. -CH 2CH 2OH or -CH 2CH 2NHC(=O)O-tert-butyl. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, R c and R d Together with the atoms to which they are attached, they form heterocyclic alkyl groups that are substituted with one or more Rs, depending on the case. In some embodiments of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R is independently a halogen, -CN, -OH, or -OC. 1-C 6-alkyl, -NH 2. -NHC 1-C 6-alkyl, -N(C) 1-C 6-alkyl) 2. -NHC(=O)OC 1-C 6-alkyl, -C(=O)C 1-C 6-alkyl, -C(=O)OH, -C(=O)OC 1-C 6-alkyl, -C(=O)NH 2. -C(=O)N(C 1-C 6-alkyl) 2. -C(=O)NHC 1-C 6-alkyl, C 1-C 6-alkyl or C 1-C 6. Halogenated groups. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R is independently a halogen, -CN, -OH, -OC. 1-C 6-alkyl, -NH 2. -C(=O)C 1-C 6-alkyl, -C(=O)OH, -C(=O)OC 1-C 6-alkyl, -C(=O)NH 2. C 1-C 6-alkyl or C 1-C 6. Halogenated groups. In some examples of compounds of formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, each R is independently a halogen, -CN, -OH, -OC. 1-C 6-alkyl, -NH 2. C 1-C 6-alkyl or C 1-C 6-Hydroalkyl groups. In some embodiments of the compounds disclosed herein, each R 1 R 9 R a R b R c R d When R 7 and R 8 Heterocyclic alkyl groups formed when combined and when R c and R d When combined, the resulting heterocyclic alkyl groups are substituted, as appropriate and independently, with one, two, three, or four substituents as defined herein. In some embodiments of the compounds disclosed herein, each R 1 R 9 R a R b R c R d When R 7 and R 8 Heterocyclic alkyl groups formed when combined and when R c and R d When combined, the resulting heterocyclic alkyl groups are substituted, as appropriate and independently, with one, two, or three substituents as defined herein. In some embodiments of the compounds disclosed herein, each R 1 R 9 R a R b R c R d When R 7 and R 8 Heterocyclic alkyl groups formed when combined and when R c and R d When combined, the resulting heterocyclic alkyl groups are substituted, as appropriate and independently, with one or two substituents as defined herein. In some embodiments of the compounds disclosed herein, each R 1 R 9 R a R b R c R d When R 7 and R 8 Heterocyclic alkyl groups formed when combined and when R c and R d When combined, the resulting heterocyclic alkyl group is substituted, as appropriate and independently, with a substituent as defined herein. In some embodiments of the compounds disclosed herein, each R, R 1 R 1a R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 R 6 R 7 R 7a R 8 R 9 R 9a R a R b R c and / or R d The abundance of deuterium in the medium is independently at least 1%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100% of the total number of hydrogen and deuterium. In some embodiments of the compounds disclosed herein, R, R 1 R 1a R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 R 6 R 7 R 7a R 8 R 9 R 9a R a R b R c and / or R d One or more of the groups contain deuterium in a percentage higher than the natural abundance of deuterium. In some embodiments of the compounds disclosed herein, one or more hydrogen atoms are addressed by the following groups R, R 1 R 1a R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5 R 6 R 7 R 7a R 8 R 9 R 9a R a R b R c and / or R d One or more of the deuterium substitutions. In some embodiments of the compounds disclosed herein, one or more hydrogen atoms of ring A are replaced by one or more deuterium atoms. Any combination of groups described above for various variables is covered herein. Throughout this specification, those skilled in the art will select groups and their substituents to obtain stable moieties and compounds. In some embodiments, the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or stereoisomer thereof is one of the compounds in Table 1. Table 1 Other forms of the compounds revealed in this article Heteromers / Stereomorphisms In some embodiments, the compounds described herein exist as geometric isomers. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein have one or more double bonds. The compounds presented herein include all cis, trans, isolateral, trans-lateral, isolateral (entgegen; E), and isolateral (zusammen; Z) isomers and their corresponding mixtures. In some cases, the compounds described herein have one or more chiral centers, each center existing in an R configuration or S configuration. The compounds described herein include all non-mirror image isomers, mirror image isomers, and epimeric forms and their corresponding mixtures. In additional embodiments of the compounds and methods provided herein, mixtures of mirror image isomers and / or non-mirror image isomers produced by a single preparation step, combination, or interconversion are suitable for the applications described herein. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are prepared as their individual stereoisomers by reacting a racemic mixture other than the compound with an optically active resolving agent to form a non-mirror image isomer pair, separating the non-mirror image isomers, and recovering the optically pure mirror image isomer. In some embodiments, dissociable complexes are preferred. In some embodiments, non-mirror image isomers have different physical properties (e.g., melting point, boiling point, solubility, reactivity, etc.) and are separated using these differences. In some embodiments, non-mirror image isomers are separated by piezometric chromatography or preferably by separation / resolution techniques based on differences in solubility. In some embodiments, optically pure mirror image isomers are subsequently recovered along with the resolving agent by any practical means that do not cause racemization. Labeled compounds In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are present in their isotopically labeled form. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating a disease by administering such isotopically labeled compounds. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating a disease by administering such isotopically labeled compounds in the form of a pharmaceutical composition. Therefore, in some embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein include isotopically labeled compounds that are the same as those listed herein, but in which one or more atoms have been replaced by atomic substitutions with atomic masses or mass numbers different from those normally found in nature. Examples of isotopes that may be incorporated into the compounds disclosed herein include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine, such isotopes as... 2 H (D), 3 H (T), 13 C 14C l5 N、 18 O、 17 O、 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F and 36 Cl. Compounds containing the aforementioned isotopes and / or other isotopes, as well as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or stereoisomers, described herein are within the scope of this invention. Certain isotopically labeled compounds (e.g., those containing, but not limited to, atoms such as...) 3 H and 14 Compounds containing radioactive isotopes of C are suitable for the analysis of drug and / or substrate tissue distribution. Tritization (i.e., 3 H) and carbon-14 (i.e. 14 C) Isotopes are particularly superior due to their ease of preparation and detectability. In some embodiments, the abundance of deuterium in each of the substituents disclosed herein is independently at least 1%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100% of the total number of hydrogens and deuterium. In some embodiments, one or more of the substituents disclosed herein contain deuterium in a percentage higher than the natural abundance of deuterium. In some embodiments, one or more hydrogens are substituted with one or more deuteriums from one or more of the substituents disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are labeled in other ways, including but not limited to using chromophores or fluorescent portions, bioluminescent labeling, or chemiluminescent labeling. Medically acceptable salt In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are present in their pharmaceutically acceptable salt form. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating a disease by administering such pharmaceutically acceptable salts. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein include methods of treating a disease by administering such pharmaceutically acceptable salts in the form of a pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein have acidic or basic groups and thus react with a variety of inorganic or organic bases and any of inorganic and organic acids to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts. In some embodiments, such salts are prepared in situ during the final separation and purification of the compounds disclosed herein or their solvates or stereoisomers, or by reacting the purified compound in its free form individually with a suitable acid or base and separating the salts formed therefrom. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those prepared by reacting the compounds described herein with inorganic acids, organic acids, or inorganic bases. Such salts include acetates, acrylates, adipates, alginates, aspartates, benzoates, benzenesulfonates, bisulfates, bisulfites, bromides, butyrates, butyn-1,4-dicitates, camphorates, camphorsulfonates, hexanoates, octanoates, chlorobenzoates, chlorides, citrates, cyclopentanepropionate, decanoates, diglucuronates, dihydrophosphates, dinitrobenzoates, dodecyl sulfates, ethanesulfonates, formates, transbutenedioic acid, glucohepate, glycerophosphates, glycolate, hemisulfates, heptaate, hexyn-1,6-dicitates, hydroxybenzoates, and gamma-hydroxybutyrates. Hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethane sulfonate, iodide, isobutyrate, lactate, maleate, malonate, methane sulfonate, amygdalinate, metaphosphate, methane sulfonate, methoxybenzoate, methylbenzoate, monohydrophosphate, 1-naphthalene sulfonate, 2-naphthalene sulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, dihydroxynaphthalate, jelly acid salt, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pentanoate, propionate, pyrosulfate, pyrophosphate, propynate, phthalate, phenylacetate, phenylbutyrate, propane sulfonate, salicylate, succinate, sulfate, sulfite, succinate, octanoate, sebacic acid salt, sulfonate, tartrate, thiocyanate, toluene sulfonate, undecanoate, and xylene sulfonate. Furthermore, the compounds described herein can be prepared in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form by reacting the free base form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid, including but not limited to inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, and the like; and organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentadienoic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, etc. Acids, including citric acid, benzoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, arylsulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-methylbicyclo-[2.2.2]-oct-2-en-1-carboxylic acid, glucohepanoic acid, 4,4'-methylenebis-(3-hydroxy-2-en-1-carboxylic acid), 3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tributylacetic acid, lauryl sulfate, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, and mucoconic acid. In some embodiments, other acids, such as oxalic acid, although pharmaceutically unacceptable on their own, are used to prepare salts that serve as intermediates for obtaining the compounds, solvates, or stereoisomers thereof disclosed herein and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein containing free acid groups react with suitable bases (such as hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, and sulfates of pharmaceutically acceptable metal cations), ammonia, or pharmaceutically acceptable primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary organic amines. Representative salts include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts, as well as aluminum salts and similar salts. Illustrative examples of bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and N2SO4. + (C 1-4 alkyl) 4 and similar. Representative organic amines that can be used to form base addition salts include ethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperidine, and their analogues. It should be understood that the compounds described herein also include quaternary ammoniation of any basic nitrogen-containing group they contain. In some embodiments, such quaternary ammoniation yields water-soluble, oil-soluble, or dispersible products. solvates In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are present in the form of solvates. The present invention provides a method for treating a disease by administering such solvates. The present invention further provides a method for treating a disease by administering such solvates in the form of a pharmaceutical composition. The solvates contain stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of solvent, and in some embodiments, are formed during a crystallization process in a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent (such as water, ethanol, and the like). When the solvent is water, a hydrate is formed, or when the solvent is an alcohol, an alcoholic compound is formed. The solvates of the compounds described herein are preferably prepared or formed during the processes described herein. By way of example only, the hydrates of the compounds described herein are preferably prepared by recrystallization from an aqueous / organic solvent mixture, the organic solvent used including, but not limited to, dialkyl, tetrahydrofuran, or methanol. Furthermore, the compounds provided herein may exist in both solvated and non-solventized forms. Generally, for the purposes of the compounds and methods provided herein, the solvated form is considered equivalent to the non-solventized form. tautomers In some cases, compounds exist as tautomers. The compounds described herein include all possible tautomers within the chemical formulas described herein. Tautomers are compounds that can interconvert through the migration of hydrogen atoms, which involves the conversion of single bonds with adjacent double bonds. A chemical equilibrium of tautomers will exist in the bond arrangement in which tautomerization may occur. All tautomeric forms of the compounds disclosed herein are covered. The exact ratio of tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH. Treatment methods This article discloses a method for treating an individual’s disease or condition, which involves administering to the individual a compound disclosed herein or a medically acceptable salt, solvate or stereoisomer thereof, wherein the disease or condition is anemia. anemia Anemia is a common and serious complication of chronic kidney disease, characterized by a relative deficiency in EPO production and reduced iron availability for heme ("Hb") synthesis. According to Informa, there were 168 million cases of anemia caused by chronic kidney disease worldwide in 2020. It is estimated that, based on the same source, this number will rise to 182 million by 2027. Currently, anemia caused by chronic kidney disease is managed with iron supplementation, and in more severe cases, with supraphysiological doses of erythropoietin-stimulating agents ("ESAs") and adjuvant iron therapy. High doses of ESAs increase the risk of serious adverse events, including myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, and death. Several inhibitors of PHD have been initiated and can serve as effective treatments for patients with anemia caused by chronic kidney disease. However, cardiovascular side effects caused by erythropoietin induction and potential off-target toxicity raise safety concerns for long-term treatment. New therapies are needed to address impaired EPO production and functional iron deficiency. Administration In some embodiments, a composition containing a compound described herein is administered for preventative and / or therapeutic treatment. In some therapeutic applications, the composition is administered to a patient with the disease or symptom in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially suppress at least one symptom of the disease or symptom. The effective amount for this purpose will depend on the severity and course of the disease or symptom, prior therapy, the patient's health status, weight, and response to the drug, as well as the judgment of the treating physician. The therapeutically effective amount may be determined, as appropriate, by methods including, but not limited to, dose escalation and / or dose range clinical trials. In prophylactic applications, a composition containing a compound described herein is administered to a patient who is susceptible to or otherwise at risk of developing a particular disease, condition, or symptom. Such amounts are defined as “preventatively effective amounts or doses.” In this use, the exact amount also depends on the patient’s health condition, weight, and similar factors. When used in a patient, the effective amount for this purpose will depend on the severity and course of the disease, condition, or symptom, prior treatment, the patient’s health condition and response to the drug, and the judgment of the treating physician. In one instance, prophylactic treatment comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition to a mammal who has previously experienced at least one symptom or risk factor of a treated disease and is currently in remission to prevent recurrence of symptoms of the disease or symptom, the pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments where the patient’s condition does not improve, the compound is administered long-term, i.e., for a prolonged period of time, including the entire duration of the patient’s life, in order to improve or otherwise control or limit the symptoms of the patient’s disease or condition, based on the physician’s judgment. In some embodiments where the patient's condition improves, the dosage of the medication being administered is temporarily reduced or temporarily suspended for a certain period of time (i.e., a "drug holiday"). In specific embodiments, the length of the drug holiday ranges from 2 days to 1 year, including, by example, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 10 days, 12 days, 15 days, 20 days, 28 days, or more than 28 days. The dosage reduction during the drug holiday (by example only) is 10%-100%, including (by example only) 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, and 100%. Once the patient's condition improves, a maintenance dose is administered if necessary. Subsequently, in certain embodiments, the dose or frequency, or both, is reduced based on symptoms to maintain the improved level of disease, symptom, or condition. However, in some embodiments, the patient requires long-term intermittent or daily treatment to prevent any recurrence of symptoms. The amount of a given reagent corresponding to this quantity varies depending on factors such as the specific compound, the disease symptom and its severity, and the identity of the individual or host requiring treatment (e.g., weight, sex), but is still determined based on the specific circumstances surrounding the following: such as the specific reagent administered, the route of administration, the symptom being treated, and the individual or host being treated. However, generally, the dosage for adult treatment typically ranges from 0.01 mg to 5000 mg per day. In one embodiment, the dosage for adult treatment is from about 1 mg to about 1000 mg per day. In one embodiment, the desired dose is preferably presented as a single dose or as divided doses administered simultaneously or at appropriate intervals (e.g., as two, three, four or more sub-dose times per day). In one embodiment, a suitable daily dose of the compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is about 0.01 to about 50 mg per kilogram of body weight. In some embodiments, the daily dose or amount of the active ingredient in the dosage form may be lower or higher than the range indicated herein, based on a number of variables relating to individual treatment regimens. In various embodiments, the daily and unit doses vary depending on a number of variables, including but not limited to the activity of the compound used, the disease or condition to be treated, the mode of administration, the individual's needs, the severity of the disease or condition being treated, and the physician's judgment. The toxicity and efficacy of these treatment regimens are determined in cell cultures or laboratory animals using standard pharmaceutical procedures, including but not limited to LD50. 10 and ED 90 The dose ratio between toxicity and therapeutic effect is determined as the therapeutic index, expressed as LD50. 50 With ED 50 The ratio between. In some embodiments, data obtained from cell culture analyses and animal studies are used in the formulation of therapeutically effective daily dose ranges and / or therapeutically effective unit doses for mammals, including humans. In some embodiments, the daily dose of the compounds described herein is within the ED range, which has minimal toxicity. 50 Within the range of circulating concentrations. In some embodiments, depending on the dosage form and route of administration, the daily dose range and / or unit dose may vary within this range. Any of the foregoing embodiments is an example in which an effective amount of the compound described herein or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt is administered to a mammal: (a) systemically; and / or (b) orally; and / or (c) intravenously; and / or (d) by injection; and / or (e) topically; and / or (f) other embodiments of non-systemic or non-local administration to a mammal. Any of the foregoing embodiments is another embodiment of a single dose of an effective amount of the compound, including (i) a single dose of the compound per day; or (ii) a multiple dose of the compound to a mammal per day. Any of the foregoing embodiments is another example of multiple administrations of an effective amount of the compound, including (i) administration of the compound in a single dose, either continuously or intermittently; (ii) administrations every 6 hours; (iii) administration of the compound to a mammal every 8 hours; (iv) administration of the compound to an individual every 12 hours; and (v) administration of the compound to an individual every 24 hours. In other or alternative embodiments, the method includes a drug holiday, wherein administration of the compound is temporarily suspended or the dose of the compound administered is temporarily reduced; administration of the compound is resumed at the end of the drug holiday. In one embodiment, the length of the drug holiday varies from 2 days to 1 year. Administration Route Suitable routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral, intravenous, rectal, aerosol, non-enteral, ocular, pulmonary, mucosal, percutaneous, vaginal, ear, nose, and local administration. Additionally, by way of example only, non-enteral delivery includes intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramedullary injection, as well as intrathecal, direct intracardiac, intraperitoneal, intralymphatic, and intranasal injection. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are administered locally rather than systemically, often by direct injection into an organ, typically in the form of reservoir formulations or sustained-release formulations. In certain embodiments, long-acting formulations are administered by implantation (e.g., subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the drug is delivered in a targeted drug delivery system, such as in liposomes coated with organ-specific antibodies. In such embodiments, the liposomes target the organ and are selectively absorbed by the organ. In other embodiments, the compounds described herein are provided in the form of rapid-release formulations, extended-release formulations, or intermediate-release formulations. In yet other embodiments, the compounds described herein are administered locally. Pharmaceutical Compositions / Formulations In accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice, the compounds described herein, alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents, are administered to individuals in need as pharmaceutical compositions. In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention may be administered to animals. The compounds may be administered orally or non-enterally, including via intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, rectal, and local routes of administration. In another embodiment, this document provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or stereoisomer thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The pharmaceutical composition is formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients that facilitate the processing of the active compound into a pharmaceutically usable formulation. Suitable formulations depend on the chosen route of administration. An overview of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be found in, for example, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th edition (Easton, Pa.: Mack Publishing Company, 1995); Hoover, John E., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pennsylvania 1975; Liberman, HA and Lachman, L. (eds.), Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel Decker, New York, NY, 1980; and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, 7th edition (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1999), which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are selected from carriers, binders, fillers, suspending agents, flavoring agents, sweeteners, disintegrants, dispersants, surfactants, lubricants, colorants, diluents, solubilizers, wetting agents, plasticizers, stabilizers, penetration enhancers, wetting agents, defoamers, antioxidants, preservatives, and any combination thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be administered to an individual via appropriate routes of administration, including but not limited to oral, non-enteral (e.g., intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular), intranasal, buccal, topical, rectal, or percutaneous administration. The pharmaceutical formulations described herein include, but are not limited to, aqueous liquid dispersions, liquids, gels, syrups, elixirs, slurries, suspensions, self-emulsifying dispersions, solid solutions, liposome dispersions, aerosols, solid oral dosage forms, powders, immediate-release formulations, controlled-release formulations, rapidly soluble formulations, tablets, capsules, pills, powders, sugar-coated pills, foaming formulations, lyophilized formulations, delayed-release formulations, extended-release formulations, pulsatile-release formulations, multi-particle formulations, and mixed immediate-release and controlled-release formulations. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds described herein or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or stereoisomers are manufactured in a conventional manner, such as by means of conventional methods of mixing, dissolving, granulation, forming sugar-coated pills, water milling, emulsification, encapsulation, coating or compression. Pharmaceutical compositions for oral use are obtained by mixing one or more solid excipients with one or more compounds described herein, grinding the resulting mixture as appropriate, and, if necessary, adding suitable adjuvants, processing the mixture into granules to obtain a tablet or sugar-coated pill core. Suitable excipients include, for example, fillers such as sugars, including lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol; cellulose preparations such as corn starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, gelatin, tragacanth gum, methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose; or other excipients such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP or povidone) or calcium phosphate. If necessary, disintegrants such as cross-linked croscarmellose sodium, polyvinylpyrrolidone, agar, or alginate or its salts (such as sodium alginate) are added. In some embodiments, dyes or pigments are added to the coating of the tablets or sugar-coated pills to identify or characterize different combinations of active compound dosages. Orally administered pharmaceutical compositions include push-in capsules made of gelatin and soft-sealable capsules made of gelatin and plasticizers (such as glycerin or sorbitol). Push-in capsules contain a mixture of the active ingredient and fillers such as lactose, binders such as starch, and / or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate, and stabilizers as appropriate. In soft-sealable capsules, the active compound is dissolved or suspended in a suitable liquid such as fatty oil, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycol. In some embodiments, stabilizers are added. The pharmaceutical composition for parenteral use is formulated as an infusion or injection. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition suitable for injection or infusion comprises a sterile aqueous solution or dispersion, or a sterile powder comprising a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or stereoisomer thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a liquid carrier. In some embodiments, the liquid carrier is saline as a solvent or liquid dispersion medium, comprising, for example, water, saline, ethanol, polyols (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycol and the like), vegetable oils, non-toxic glycerides and suitable mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a preservative to prevent microbial growth. Examples Intermediate A : Synthesis 2- Chloro -5- Hydroxy -1,7- Pyridine -6- Methyl formate Step 1 : Methyl prop-2-ynoate (7.78 g, 92.6 mmol) was added to a mixture of methyl (E)-3-aminobut-2-enoate (10 g, 87 mmol) in MeOH (100 mL). The mixture was stirred at 70 °C for 12 h. The mixture was cooled to 5 °C. The precipitate was filtered and wet milled with MTBE (50 mL × 3). Methyl 6-hydroxy-2-methylnicotinate was obtained as a white solid (5 g, 34% yield). 1 H NMR (4*00 MHz, CDCl δ 12.61 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (d, J = 12 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H). Step 2 : Methyl 6-hydroxy-2-methylnicotinate (5 g, 29.8 mmol) in POCl The solution of the mixture in step 3 (17.7 g, 115 mmol) was stirred at 100 °C for 4 h. The reaction mixture was slowly poured into ice water (100 mL) and then extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL × 2). The combined organic layers were then subjected to NaHCO3-. 3 (50 mL × 2) Washed with anhydrous Na 2SO 4. Dry, filter, and concentrate under vacuum. The crude material is used directly in the next step. step 3 : 6-Chloro-2-methylnicotinic acid methyl ester (6 g, 32.4 mmol) was reacted with CCl4. NBS (6.9 g, 38.7 mmol) and BPO (1.56 g, 6.45 mmol) were added to the solution in 4 (60 mL). The mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (60 mL) and H2O. Wash with 2O (60 mL × 3). The organic layer was then subjected to MgSO₄. 4. The sample was dried, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the residue. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to give methyl 2-(bromomethyl)-6-chloronicotinate (11 g, crude product) as a yellow solid. LCMS: RT = 0.981 min; MS m / z (ESI) [M+H] + = 264.1. step 4 : Add K to a solution of methyl 2-(bromomethyl)-6-chloronicotinate (5 g, 18.9 mmol) and methyl 2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)acetate (4.6 g, 18.9 mmol) in DMF (50 mL). 2CO 3 (5.02 g, 47.4 mmol) and NaI (0.28 g, 1.86 mmol). The mixture was incubated at 50 °C in N2O. Stirred for 12 h under a 2 atmosphere. Dilute the reaction mixture with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and with H2O. Wash with 2O (80 mL × 3). The organic layer was washed with brine (80 mL × 3) and then subjected to MgSO₄. 4 Dry, filter and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain a residue. The residue is purified by silica gel chromatography to obtain methyl 6-chloro-2-(((N-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4-methylphenyl)sulfonylamino)methyl)nicotinate (6 g, crude) as a yellow solid. Step 5 : Add K 2CO 3 (11.6 g, 84.3 mmol) to a solution of methyl 6-chloro-2-(((N-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4-methylphenyl)sulfonylamino)methyl)nicotinate (6 g, 14 mmol) in DMSO (60 mL). Stir the mixture at 50 °C under a N 2 atmosphere for 4 h. Dilute the mixture with H 2O (60 mL) and adjust the aqueous solution to pH 6 with 1 M HCl. Filter the precipitated solid and dry to obtain intermediate A (1.5 g, 45% yield) as a grayish-white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.72 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H). General procedure A : Synthesis 4-(6-(((6- Cyano pyridine -3- Group ) Methyl ) Carbamoyl )-5- Hydroxy -1,7- Pyridine - 2- Group ) Piper idine -1- tert-Butyl formate step 1 : 5-(aminomethyl)pyridin-2-carboxynitrile (0.84 g, 6.29 mmol) and TEA (2.91 mL, 20.95 mmol) were added to a solution of intermediate A (1 g, 4.19 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL), and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at 75 °C. The reaction mixture was filtered through a regular funnel, and the filter cake was washed with 10 mL of MeOH and dried under vacuum to give 2-chloro-N-((6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)methyl)-5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-6-carboxyamine as a yellow solid, intermediate B (1.1 g, 3.24 mmol, 77% yield). step 2 : TEA (1.35 mL, 9.71 mmol) and tributyl piperin-1-carboxylate (904 mg, 4.86 mmol) were added to a solution of intermediate B (1.1 g, 3.24 mmol) in DMSO (15 mL), and the reactants were incubated at 100 °C in N2O. Stir for 2 hours. Cool the reactants and pour them into water (H2O). In 200 mL of water, extract the mixture with EtOAc (50 mL × 3). Wash the combined organic layers with saturated NaCl solution (30 mL × 3) and concentrate under vacuum. Extract the residue with CH4. 3CN (20 mL) and CH 2Cl 2 (5 mL) were wet-milled and filtered to give the title compound as a white solid (500 mg, 1.02 mmol, 32% yield). LCMS: RT = 1.838 min; MS m / z (ESI) [M+H] + = 490.1. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 13.36 (s, 1H), 9.77 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H), 8.29 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (s, 2H), 7.48 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.82 - 3.79 (m, 4H), 3.50 - 3.48 (m, 4H), 1.46 (s, 9H). General procedure D : Synthesis N-( 2- chloro -4- cyanobenzyl )-5- hydroxy -2-( piperidin- 1- yl )-1,7- diazepan- 6- formamide Step 1 : To a solution of intermediate A (500 mg, 2.10 mmol) and tert-butyl piperidin-1-carboxylate (467.5 mg, 2.52 mmol) in anhydrous DMSO (5 mL) was added TEA (525 mg, 5.25 mmol). The solution was stirred at 100 °C under N 2 for 16 h. The reaction mixture was poured into H 2O (30 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na 2SO 4 4. Dry, filter, and concentrate under reduced pressure. Purify the residue by rapid silica gel chromatography. 200 mg (25% yield) of methyl 2-(4-(tributoxycarbonyl)piperidin-1-yl)-5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-6-carboxylate was given as a yellow solid. LCMS: RT = 1.002 min; MS m / z (ESI) [M+H] + = 389.0. step 2 : TEA (60 mg, 0.594 mmol) was added to a solution of methyl 2-(4-(tributoxycarbonyl)piperidin-1-yl)-5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-6-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.295 mmol) and 4-(aminomethyl)-3-chlorobenzonitrile (60 mg, 0.359 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (1.5 mL). The solution was incubated at 75 °C in N2O2. Stir for 20 h. Concentrate the reaction mixture under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The crude product (150 mg, crude substance, yellow oil) was added directly to the next step without further purification. LCMS: RT = 1.097 min; MS m / z (ESI) [M+H] + = 523.4. step 3 : A solution of 4N HCl / EtOAc (0.4 mL, 1.435 mmol) was added to a solution of crude material (150.0 mg, 0.287 mmol) in ethyl acetate (1.5 mL). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC to give the title compound (25.4 mg, 21% yield) as a white solid. LCMS: RT = 2.217 min; MS m / z (ESI) [M+H] + = 423.2. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 9.74 (s, 1H), 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.41 - 8.23 ​​(m, 2H), 8.07 - 8.06 (m, 1H), 7.81 - 7.79 (m, 1H), 7.51 - 7.49 (m, 2H), 4.63 - 4.62 (m, 2H), 3.75 - 3.72 (m, 4H), 2.83 - 2.80 (m, 4H). The following compounds were prepared according to the general procedure shown in Table 2 below: Table 2 Biological examples Example A : PHD2 Enzyme analysis procedure Preparation of DMSO stock solution: All compounds were reduced to a 20 mM stock solution by DMSO. Compound storage: Store all compounds in DMSO in a desiccator at room temperature for long-term storage (up to 3 months). Store any remaining compounds at -20°C for extended periods. Preparation of working stock solutions: ● For 10 doses in DMSO, perform 3-fold serial dilutions of the reference roxadustat (FG-4592) from 400 μM. ● For 10 doses in DMSO, perform 3-fold serial dilutions of the compound from 400 μM. ● Prepare a 200× positive control (400 μM, FG-4592) and a 200× mediator control (100% DMSO). ● Centrifuge the compound pan at 1000 rpm for 1 min. Compound Screening: ● b) Transfer 40 nl of compound dilution to each well of the analysis tray using an Echo 655. ● c) Seal the analysis tray and the centrifuge tray at 1000 rpm for 1 min. ● d) Prepare and add 4 μL of 2× PHD2 enzyme working solution to each well of the analysis tray. ● e) Seal the analysis tray and the centrifuge tray at 1000 rpm for 1 min. Incubate the tray at room temperature for 30 min. ● f) Prepare and add 4 μL of 2× PHD2 acceptor working solution to each well of the analysis tray. ● g) Prepare and add 4 μL of 4× stop solution to each well of the analysis tray. ● g) Prepare a 4× detection solution using AlphaScreen streptavidin donor beads, AlphaScreen protein A acceptor beads, and hydroxy-HIF-1α (Pro564) (D43B5) XP® rabbit mAb. ● h) Add 4 μL of the 4× detection solution to each well of the analysis tray. Repeat step d. ● i) Read the Alphascreen signal on the Envision HTS disk reader. Data analysis and calculation of the ALPHASCREEN signal (ALPcmpd) for each well. 2.2 The suppression percentage is calculated as follows: : Average ALP of the positive controls across the entire plate. 2.3 Calculation of IC: Average ALP of negative controls across the entire disk. 50 Furthermore, the effect-dose curve of the compound was plotted: the IC was calculated by fitting the inhibition percentage and logarithm of the compound concentration to a nonlinear regression (dose-response-variable slope) using Graphpad 8.0. 50 Y = bottom + (top - bottom) / (1 + 10^((LogIC50 - X) * Hill slope)) X: Logarithm of inhibitor concentration; Y: Inhibition percentage. Example B: EPO ELISA analysis Dissolve the compound powder in 100% DMSO. Keep the compound stock solution in a nitrogen tank. Experimental methods Cell seeding: Each well contains 20k Hep3B cells in 100 µl of cell suspension. Preparation of compound concentration gradients: The highest dose of the compound was 100 µM, 3-fold diluted, with 8 doses, single or double. Prepare a 200× final concentration solution in a 96-well plate. Dilute the compound 200 / 3× with cell culture medium, and then pipette 50 μL into each well. Add 50 μL of DMSO-containing medium to the lowest control well to achieve a final concentration of 5‰ DMSO, and add 50 μL of the highest concentration of the reference compound to the highest control well. Incubate at 37°C for 24 h. ● Wash the reaction plate twice with 400 μL 1× wash buffer / well. ● Add 100 µL of diluted standards (including standard blank controls) to the appropriate wells. ● Add 50 µL of sample and 50 µL of sample diluent to the sample wells. ● Add 50 µL of 1× biotin-binding antibody to all wells and incubate at room temperature for 1 h. ● Wash the reaction plate 6 times with 400 µL 1× wash buffer / well. ● Add 100 µL of 1× streptavidin-HRP to each well. Incubate at room temperature for 15 minutes. ● Wash the reaction dish 6 times with 400 µL of 1× wash buffer per well. ● Add 100 µL of TMB acceptor solution to each well. Incubate at room temperature for 10 minutes. ● Add 100 µL of stop solution to each well. ● Read OD450 using EnSight. Data Analysis Using GraphPad Prism 5. Effect % = (Compound signal - Minimum signal) / (Maximum signal - Minimum signal) * 100. The maximum signal is obtained from the largest reference aperture. The minimum signal is obtained from the smallest reference well. The logarithm of concentration was plotted on the X-axis, and the percentage of inhibition rate on the Y-axis. The dose-response curves were fitted using the analysis software GraphPad Prism 5 log(inhibitor) versus response-variable sloping curve to obtain the EC5 values ​​for each compound. 50 value. Data from Examples A and B are shown in Table 3. surface 3 PHD2 (nM): 0 < A ≤ 5; 5 < B ≤ 20; 20 < C ≤ 100; 100 < D ≤ 1,000; 1,000 < E < 100,000 HEP3B EPO analysis (EC50, nM): 0 < A ≤ 2,500; 2,500 < B ≤ 5,000; 5,000 < C ≤ 7,500; 7,500 < D ≤ 10,000; 10,000 < E ≤ 100,000

Claims

1. A compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer thereof, of formula (I), wherein: R1 is a 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group, which is substituted independently by one or more R1a, wherein the bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group contains 1, 2, or 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; each R1a is independently a halogen, -CN, -OH, -ORa, -OC(=O)Ra, -NRcRd, -NRbC(=O)Ra, -NRbC(=O)ORb, -C(=O)Ra, -C(=O)ORb, -C(=O)NRcRd, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R1a on the same atom together form a side oxygen group; X is CR2; R2 is hydrogen, fluorine, or chlorine; R3 is hydrogen or halogen; R4 is hydrogen or halogen; R5 is hydrogen; Y is -NR6-; R6 is hydrogen; L is -(CR7R8)p-; Each of R7 and R8 is hydrogen; p is 1; ring A is phenyl or 6-membered heteroaryl; each of R9 is independently halogen, -CN, C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 haloalkyl; n is 0 to 2; each of Ra is independently C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 haloalkyl; each of Rb is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 haloalkyl; and each of Rc and Rd is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 haloalkyl.

2. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein R2 is hydrogen.

3. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein R3 is hydrogen and R4 is hydrogen.

4. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein ring A is phenyl.

5. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein ring A is a 6-membered heteroaryl group.

6. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein ring A is pyridyl.

7. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein each R9 is independently a halogen, -CN or C1-C6 alkyl group.

8. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein n is 1 or 2.

9. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein n is 1 and R9 is a halogen or -CN.

10. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein n is 1 and R9 is -CN.

11. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein R1 is a 7- to 9-membered bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group substituted independently by one or two R1a, and wherein the bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group contains 0 to 1 epoxy atom and 1 to 2 cyclic nitrogen atoms.

12. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein R1 is a bridged bicyclic heterocyclic alkyl group.

13. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein R1 is, as appropriate, substituted by one or more R1a.

14. A compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1 is, as appropriate, substituted with one or more R1a.

15. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer, wherein each R1a is independently a halogen, -OH, -ORa, -NRbC(=O)Ra, -C(=O)Ra, -C(=O)ORb, -C(=O)NRcRd, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; or two R1as on the same atom together form a side oxygen group.

16. The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer thereof, wherein R1 is.

17. The compound of claim 1 or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer is selected from the group consisting of: .

18. If the compound in claim 1, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or stereoisomer, is a compound that is:

19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 18 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or stereoisomer thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

20. Use of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 19, for the preparation of a medicament for treating anemia.