Atmospheric and air quality measurement sounding system

Abstract

This invention relates to an atmospheric and air quality radiosonde observation system, comprising: a miniature airborne sensing unit including a single-use radiosonde balloon and a miniature radiosonde attached to the radiosonde balloon; a ground station configured to receive raw sensing data transmitted in real time by the miniature radiosonde via a receiving antenna, and to transmit the raw sensing data to data processing software operating on a processing device; and a temperature and humidity conditioning device configured to condition the miniature radiosonde before deployment by the miniature airborne sensing unit.

Claims

1. An atmospheric and air quality radiosonde observation system, comprising: a miniature airborne sensing unit including a single-use radiosonde balloon and a miniature radiosonde attached to the radiosonde balloon; a ground station configured to receive raw sensing data transmitted in real time by the miniature radiosonde via a receiving antenna, and to transmit the raw sensing data to data processing software operating on a processing device; and a temperature and humidity conditioning device configured to condition the miniature radiosonde before deployment by the miniature airborne sensing unit.

2. The atmospheric and air quality radiosonde observation system as described in claim 1, wherein the miniature radiosonde further comprises: a gas parameter sensor module, which is disposed on the outermost side of the miniature radiosonde and selectively configured with one of a PM2.5 sensor, a PM10 sensor, a NO sensor, a NO2 sensor, a NOx sensor, a CO sensor, a CO2 sensor, an O3 sensor, a SO2 sensor, an NH3 sensor, an H2S sensor, a VOCs sensor, and a formaldehyde sensor, and outputs a gas sensing signal; and an atmospheric parameter sensor module, which selectively configures a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, an altitude sensor, a wind speed and direction sensor, a precipitation sensor, an ultraviolet index sensor, a light sensor, and an exposure sensor. The device includes one of the point sensors, which outputs an atmospheric sensing signal; a control circuit board disposed in the central region inside the miniature radiosonde; a GPS module disposed on the control circuit board, which outputs a GPS telemetry signal expressed in latitude and longitude; a wireless radio frequency transmission module disposed on the control circuit board, which transmits a sensing data packet containing one of the GPS telemetry signal, the gas sensing signal, and the atmospheric sensing signal to the ground station based on a sampling frequency; a battery module disposed on the outermost side of the miniature radiosonde, which provides power to the atmospheric sensor module, the control circuit board, the GPS module, the wireless radio frequency transmission module, and the gas parameter sensor module; and a thermal insulation layer disposed to cover the outermost layer of the miniature radiosonde to isolate it from self-heating and thermal interference caused by environmental radiation.

3. The atmospheric and air quality radiosonde observation system as described in claim 2, wherein the atmospheric parameter sensor module further includes an independent sensing head, which is electrically connected to the atmospheric parameter sensor module through a wire and suspended outside the miniature radiosonde to avoid interference from the self-heating of the miniature radiosonde.

4. The atmospheric and air quality sounding observation system as described in claim 3, wherein the sensor head is covered by a heat-insulating material to protect the internal circuitry and prevent thermal interference caused by environmental radiation.

5. The atmospheric and air quality radiosonde observation system as described in claim 2, wherein the miniature radiosonde is configured to be suspended below the radiosonde balloon for aerial detection.

6. The atmospheric and air quality radiosonde observation system as described in claim 2, wherein the internal structure of the miniature radiosonde is configured to place the control circuit board, the GPS module, and the wireless radio frequency transmission module, which have a relatively large number of self-heating components, in the central area inside the miniature radiosonde, so as to isolate the self-heating from the interference of the atmospheric parameter sensor module, and to provide heat preservation for the control circuit board, the GPS module, and the wireless radio frequency transmission module.

7. The atmospheric and air quality radiosonde observation system as described in claim 1, wherein the temperature and humidity conditioning device further comprises: a convection chamber configured to house the miniature radiosonde and including a sidewall, wherein the sidewall facing the inner surface of the convection chamber is configured to be black and optionally includes a heat-insulating material, and the sidewall facing the outer surface of an external environment is configured to be white; and a forced convection module configured to forcibly introduce ambient air from the external environment into the convection chamber, so that the temperature and humidity inside the convection chamber tend to match the temperature and humidity of the external environment, thereby simulating the standard atmospheric conditions of the external environment, wherein... Before deployment, the miniature radiosonde will be placed in the convection chamber of the temperature and humidity conditioning device to ensure accurate temperature and humidity conditioning with standard instruments in an environment unaffected by radiation heating or other factors, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the data sensed by the miniature radiosonde.

8. The atmospheric and air quality radiosonde observation system as described in claim 2, wherein the data processing software further comprises: a data preprocessing module configured to execute a data quality check algorithm to preprocess the raw sensing data into first primary data that has passed data quality check; a data correction module configured to execute a physical correction algorithm to compensate for measurement delay of the sensor in motion state to process the first primary data into second primary data; an inversion calculation module configured to execute a smart inversion method to invert and calculate a wind direction, a wind speed and a meteorological parameter based on the received GPS telemetry signal, and thereby process the second primary data into primary data; and a graphical display module configured to display the primary data through a graphical interface.

9. The atmospheric and air quality sounding observation system as described in claim 8, wherein the intelligent inversion method is configured to use the position and observation time difference of two sets of sensing data to infer the wind direction from the azimuth between the two points, and to calculate the wind speed from the ratio of distance to observation time difference.

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