Structure of Anti-scale permanent magnet coating and its manufacturing method

Abstract

This invention provides an anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure and its manufacturing method. The permanent magnet coating structure includes a substrate and a permanent magnet coating. The permanent magnet coating is disposed on the surface of the substrate and has a magnetic field arrangement structure. This magnetic field arrangement structure includes multiple N / S magnetic poles and multiple S / N magnetic poles alternately arranged to generate an alternating magnetic field on the surface of the substrate. The spacing between the magnetic poles in the magnetic field arrangement structure does not exceed 3 mm, and the magnetic field strength of each of the multiple N / S magnetic poles and the multiple S / N magnetic poles is 35 Gs or more.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a coating structure, and more particularly to an anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure and its manufacturing method. Prior Technology

[0002] Scaling is a common problem in the steel used in geothermal projects, with carbonates being the main component of the scale. In particular, when the pH value rises and the temperature drops, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is easily supersaturated and deposited, such as on the inner wall of the production well pipe, leading to blockages or reduced flow, which in turn affects production efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, the production well must be cleaned to remove the scale.

[0004] However, the mechanical well cleaning currently used in the industry is quite expensive, while chemical well cleaning methods are often unavailable due to environmental considerations and regulatory restrictions.

[0005] Therefore, a new method of preventing scaling is needed to solve the scaling problem. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention proposes an anti-scaling permanent magnet coating structure and its manufacturing method to solve the scaling problem.

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides an anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure, comprising: a substrate having a surface; and a permanent magnet coating disposed on the surface of the substrate and having a magnetic field arrangement structure, wherein the magnetic field arrangement structure comprises alternating N / S magnetic poles and S / N magnetic poles to generate an alternating magnetic field on the surface of the substrate by the permanent magnet coating, and the magnetic pole spacing of the magnetic field arrangement structure does not exceed 3 mm, and the magnetic field strength of each of the plurality of N / S magnetic poles and the plurality of S / N magnetic poles is 35 Gs or more.

[0008] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure, comprising the following steps: providing a substrate, wherein the substrate has a surface; and forming a permanent magnet coating on the surface of the substrate, wherein the method for forming the permanent magnet coating includes magnetizing the permanent magnet coating to give the permanent magnet coating a magnetic field arrangement structure, wherein the magnetic field arrangement structure includes multiple N / S magnetic poles and multiple S / N magnetic poles alternately arranged to generate an alternating magnetic field on the surface of the substrate, and the magnetic pole spacing of the magnetic field arrangement structure does not exceed 3 mm, and the magnetic field strength of each of the multiple N / S magnetic poles and the multiple S / N magnetic poles is 35 Gs or more.

[0009] To make the above features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for detailed explanation. Simple Explanation of the Diagram

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Implementation

[0011] The following examples are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the examples provided are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0012] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not drawn to their original dimensions. Also, for ease of comparison, the anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure using this invention and the structure without this invention are drawn simultaneously. This is hereby explained.

[0013] The terms "contains," "includes," and "has" used in the text are all open-ended, meaning they "include but are not limited to."

[0014] As used herein, “about,” “approximately,” or “substantially” include the values ​​mentioned and the average value within an acceptable range of deviations of a particular value that can be determined by someone of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account limitations of the measurement system. For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations of the value, or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, ±5%. Furthermore, the use of “about,” “approximately,” or “substantially” herein may be adapted to select a more acceptable range of deviations or standard deviations based on factors such as the different properties or materials, and the same standard deviation may not be used for all properties or materials.

[0015] The terminology used herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the invention. Unless otherwise defined in the context, the singular form includes the plural form.

[0016] First, please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of an anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] As shown in Figure 1, the anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure 10 includes a substrate 100 and a permanent magnet coating 110. The substrate 100 has a surface 100S, and the permanent magnet coating 110 is disposed on the surface 100S of the substrate 100.

[0018] The substrate 100 can be various types of pipes or containers, such as pipelines, heat exchangers and boilers. The substrate 100 in Figure 1 is illustrated using a pipe, but it is not limited to this.

[0019] The substrate 100 can be formed of various materials, such as carbon steel, silicon steel or copper, but is not limited to these.

[0020] The permanent magnet coating 110 can be formed on the surface 100S of the substrate 100 using various film-forming methods, such as vacuum coating, electroplating or thermal spraying.

[0021] The thickness T of this permanent magnet coating 110 is preferably equal to or greater than 40 μm in order to achieve its intended effect.

[0022] In some embodiments, the permanent magnet coating 110 may be formed by electroplating at a temperature of about 25 to about 45°C to obtain a better structural orientation, but is not limited thereto.

[0023] This permanent magnet coating 110 may include various general-purpose permanent magnet materials, such as cobalt-based alloys, rare earth alloys, neodymium iron boron, cobalt-platinum or samarium-cobalt alloys, etc.

[0024] In some embodiments, the permanent magnet coating 110 may be a cobalt-based permanent magnet coating of Co x(M+P) 1-x, wherein M includes transition metal elements such as manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) or nickel (Ni), and X is about 0.80 to about 0.95.

[0025] In some embodiments, the structural orientation of the permanent magnet coating 110 may include Co (002) hcp, based on which a better magnetic effect can be achieved.

[0026] The formation of a permanent magnet coating 110 on the surface 100S of the substrate 100 may include magnetizing the permanent magnet coating 110 using a pole-by-pole magnetization method.

[0027] In some embodiments, after film formation, the permanent magnet coating 110 can be magnetized by pole-by-pole magnetization so that the permanent magnet coating has a magnetic field arrangement structure 120, as shown in FIG1.

[0028] After the pole-by-pole magnetization process, the magnetic field arrangement structure 120 formed includes multiple alternating N / S magnetic poles 122 and S / N magnetic poles 124, as shown in FIG1, so that the permanent magnet coating 110 generates an alternating magnetic field on the surface 100 of the substrate 100.

[0029] As shown in Figure 1, the magnetic field arrangement structure 120 may include N / S magnetic poles 122 with the N pole located on the surface 100S of the substrate 100 and the S pole located away from the surface 100S of the substrate 100; and S / N magnetic poles 124 with the S pole located on the surface 100S of the substrate 100 and the N pole located away from the surface 100S of the substrate 100.

[0030] In the multiple N / S magnetic poles 122 and S / N magnetic poles 124 alternately arranged in the above-mentioned magnetic field arrangement structure 120, the distance between the maximum magnetic field strength of two adjacent N poles, or the distance between the maximum magnetic field strength of two adjacent S poles, is called the magnetic pole spacing PP, as shown in Figure 1. In order to prevent the magnetic pole spacing PP from being too large and thus losing the effect of magnetic field treatment, the magnetic pole spacing PP of the anti-scaling permanent magnet coating structure 10 is about 3 mm or less. However, if the magnetic pole spacing PP of the anti-scaling permanent magnet coating structure 10 is too small, it will cause the charged ions I to switch the magnetic field too quickly, so that the ions I in the fluid F cannot be deflected by the Lorentz force, thereby reducing the formation of soft and loose scale P. Therefore, the magnetic pole spacing PP of the anti-scaling permanent magnet coating structure 10 is about between 0.1 mm and 3 mm.

[0031] After magnetizing the permanent magnet coating 110 using pole-by-pole magnetization, the magnetic field strength of each of the multiple N / S magnetic poles 122 and S / N magnetic poles 124 can be approximately 35 Gs or more. This sufficiently large magnetic field strength can generate a sufficiently large Lorentz force. Furthermore, based on the alternating magnetic field generated by the multiple alternately arranged N / S magnetic poles 122 and S / N magnetic poles 124, the originally hard and dense structure P is transformed into a soft and loose scale P due to the presence of the sufficiently large alternating magnetic field, making it easier to remove.

[0032] More specifically, by forming a permanent magnet coating 110 on the surface 100S of the substrate 100, the alternating magnetic field generated by the magnetic field arrangement structure 120 therein causes the ions I in the fluid F, as shown in Figure 1, such as calcium ions (Ca 2+), bicarbonate ions (HCO 3-), and carbonate ions (CO 3-), to be disturbed by the Lorentz force. This makes it less likely for scale deposits P, such as aragonite whose main component is calcium carbonate (CaCO 3), to form. Even if scale deposits P are formed, they will only form soft and loose scale deposits P. Compared with the hard and dense structure P formed without the permanent magnet coating 110, this soft and loose scale deposit P is more easily broken down and reduced in size by the fluid F or flows with the fluid F. It is less likely for the hard and dense structure P formed without the permanent magnet coating 110 to continuously accumulate on the surface 100S of the substrate 100, causing blockage and reducing the flow rate of the fluid F.

[0033] Furthermore, the water droplet contact angle of the permanent magnet coating 110 was measured by placing a water droplet on the surface of the permanent magnet coating 110, photographing it with an optical microscope, and finally measuring the angle formed by the interface between the water droplet and the permanent magnet coating 110. The water droplet contact angle of the permanent magnet coating 110 is between 100 and 180 degrees, indicating that the permanent magnet coating 110 formed on the surface 100S of the substrate 100 has very good hydrophobicity. This characteristic can effectively reduce the time and tendency of fluid F to remain on the permanent magnet coating 110 of the present invention compared with hydrophilic coatings. Since the fluid F does not flow continuously on the permanent magnet coating 110 or stays on the permanent magnet coating 110 for a very short time, the probability of scale P in the fluid F remaining on the permanent magnet coating 110 is also reduced. Therefore, the phenomenon of scale P continuously accumulating on the surface 100S of the substrate 100 can be greatly reduced.

[0034] Furthermore, the presence of the permanent magnet coating 110 can effectively prevent substances such as carbonate from corroding the surface 100 of the substrate 100, thus providing corrosion protection.

[0035] The following describes the preparation of several anti-scaling permanent magnet coating structures using the aforementioned structure and manufacturing method. These structures will be compared with commercially available geothermal pipe material N80 (product N80 supplied by Better Materials Hig-Tech Inc., whose elemental composition includes 0.38 wt% - 0.45 wt% C, 0.17 wt% - 0.37 wt% Si, 0.5 wt% - 0.8 wt% Mn, 0.9 wt% - 1.2 wt% Cr, 0.15 wt% - 0.25 wt% Mo, less than or equal to 0.035 wt% P, less than or equal to 0.035 wt% S, and less than or equal to 0.3 wt% P and S, respectively). The material containing wt% Ni and other elements of Fe was tested together with commercially available cobalt-based sprayed geothermal pipes (products provided by Antaiwei and Jin Technology Co., Ltd., whose elemental composition includes 50%~60% Co, 20%~30% Cr, 10%~20% Ni and 1%~10% W in atomic percentage).

[0036] [, Preparation Example , ] [, 1 , ] [, Coating process , ] [, , ]

[0037] First, commercially available geothermal pipe material N80 was used as the substrate, and electroplating was performed under the following conditions to produce coatings with different percentages (at%) of cobalt, manganese, and phosphorus atoms as shown in Examples 1 to 4 in Table 1. The film thicknesses of Examples 1 to 4 are also listed in Table 1.

[0038] [, Electroplating conditions , ] [, , ]

[0039] Current density: 5 mA / cm2

[0040] Electroplating temperature: 25~45°C

[0041] Anode: Pure electrolytic cobalt

[0042] Cathode: Commercially available geothermal pipe material N80 Electrolytes: CoCl₂·6H₂O (0.1 M ~ 0.8 M) provided by Showa, CoSO₄·7H₂O (0.01 M ~ 0.2 M) provided by Showa, MnCl₂·4H₂O (0.1 M ~ 0.8 M) provided by JT Baker, NaH₂PO₂·H₂O (0.01 M ~ 0.5 M) provided by Showa, and NH₄Cl₂ (1 M ~ 3 M) provided by Showa.

[0043] [, Preparation Example , ] [, 2 , ] [, Coating magnetization , ]

[0044] Next, the films obtained in Examples 1 to 4 of Preparation Example 1 were magnetized under the following magnetization conditions, and the magnetic field strength of the completed permanent magnet films of Examples 1 to 4 was measured. The data of the magnetic pole spacing of Examples 1 to 4 were obtained. The above data are listed in Table 1.

[0045] [, Magnetization conditions , ] [, , ]

[0046] Magnetizing current: 300 A

[0047] Magnetic head width: 0.3 mm

[0048] Number of turns: 2 turns

[0049] Magnetization Gap: 100 μm

[0050] Measurement gap: 225 μm

[0051] Pole pitch: 0.5~3 mm

[0052] In addition, for the samples of Examples 1 and 2, structural analysis was performed using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument. The percentage of the area occupied by the diffraction peak was calculated, and the percentage of Co (002) hcp in the coating was measured.

[0053] Next, the anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structures of Examples 1 to 4, the commercially available geothermal pipe N80 of Comparative Example 1, and the commercially available cobalt-based alloy sprayed geothermal pipe of Comparative Example 2 were tested in the laboratory and on-site, respectively.

[0054] [, Laboratory testing , ]

[0055] In the laboratory, an aqueous solution with similar composition, pH, and temperature to geothermal water was placed in a beaker. This aqueous solution included 0.332 g / L NaHCO3, 0.284 g / L CaCl2, 0.328 g / L MgCl2·6H2O, a pH of approximately 7.9, and a temperature of approximately 95 °C. The samples of Examples 1-4 obtained from Preparation Examples 1-2 and the commercially available samples of Comparative Examples 1-2 were then weighed per unit area. The samples of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were then suspended and immersed in this simulated geothermal aqueous solution for approximately three hours, during which time they were stirred with a magnet to simulate the fluid F environment shown in Figure 1. The weight per unit area was then measured to obtain the weight increase per unit area (mg / cm2). The results are shown in Table 1.

[0056] [, On-site testing , ]

[0057] The weight per unit area of ​​the samples of Example 1 obtained using Preparation Examples 1-2 and the commercially available sample of Comparative Example 1 was measured. Then, they were placed in a clean water geothermal field with a temperature of about 95 °C and a pH of about 8.3 for 29 days of soaking. The weight per unit area was measured again to obtain the weight increase per unit area (mg / cm2). The results are shown in Table 1.

[0058] [Table 1] [Example 1] [Example 2] [Example 3] [Example 4] [Comparative Example 1] [Comparative Example 2] [Electroplating temperature] 35°C 45°C 35°C 35°C - - [Coating Structural Characteristics] [Cobalt content (at%)] 89.38 90.93 88.75 89.45 - - [Manganese content (at%)] 1.51 1.06 1.74 1.34 - - [Phosphorus content (at%)] 9.11 8.01 9.50 9.21 - - [Co(002), HCP , ] [Percentage (%)] 46.12 9.42 - - - - [Film thickness ()] [μm)] 56±3 50±5 52±5 48±3 - - [Magnetic pole strength ()] [Gauss] 110±10 63±10 45±10 55±10 - - [Polar spacing] [millimeters (mm)] 1 1 0.5 3 - - [Laboratory Anti-scaling Test] Weight gain (mg / cm³) 2 , ) ] 0.06 0.10 0.05 0.14 0.37 2.68 [Qingshui Geothermal Project Site Test] Weight gain (mg / cm³) 2 , ) ] 1.11 1.99

[0059] First, as shown in Table 1, the anti-fouling permanent magnet membrane structures of Examples 1 to 4 obtained by the manufacturing method of the anti-fouling permanent magnet membrane structure of the present invention have a membrane thickness of about 45 μm to about 59 μm and a magnetic pole strength of about 35 Gauss to about 120 Gauss.

[0060] The proportion of Co(002) HCP in Examples 1 and 2, which have higher magnetic pole strength, was measured and found to be 46.12% and 9.42%, respectively.

[0061] As shown in Table 1, in the laboratory anti-scaling test, the weight gain of Examples 1-4 was 0.06 mg / cm² to 0.14 mg / cm², which was smaller than the weight gain of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (0.37 mg / cm² and 2.68 mg / cm², respectively). This shows that the anti-scaling permanent magnet membrane structures of Examples 1-4 obtained by the manufacturing method of the anti-scaling permanent magnet membrane structure of the present invention can indeed achieve better anti-scaling effect.

[0062] Furthermore, from a more detailed analysis, the substrate of Examples 1 to 4 is the commercially available geothermal pipe N80 of Comparative Example 1. As shown in the above experimental data, the anti-scaling properties of Examples 1 to 4 after coating treatment are better than those of Comparative Example 1 without coating treatment. Among them, the anti-scaling properties of Example 1 after coating treatment are improved by 83.8% compared with those of Comparative Example 1 without coating treatment.

[0063] Furthermore, comparing the laboratory test results of Examples 1-4, which include a cobalt-based coating structure, and Comparative Example 1, which uses a commercially available cobalt-based sprayed geothermal pipe, the anti-fouling permanent magnet film structures of Examples 1-4, which also include cobalt-based compounds and are manufactured using the anti-fouling permanent magnet film structure manufacturing method of the present invention, show that their anti-fouling properties are improved by 94.8% to 98.2% compared to Comparative Example 1.

[0064] According to the test results from the Qingshui Geothermal Project, the scale resistance of Example 1 after coating treatment was improved by 44.2% compared with Comparative Example 1 without coating treatment.

[0065] Based on the above experimental results, it can be seen that the anti-fouling permanent magnet membrane structure and its manufacturing method of the present invention in Examples 1 to 4 can significantly improve the anti-fouling properties of the substrate surface, whether in laboratory testing or in actual geothermal applications.

[0066] As described above, this invention provides an anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure and its manufacturing method, which can solve the problem of blockage or reduced flow caused by scaling on steel structures such as pipelines, heat exchangers, and boilers. By forming a permanent magnet coating on the surface of the substrate, an alternating magnetic field is generated through the magnetic field arrangement structure therein, causing fluid ions to be disturbed by the Lorentz force to form soft and loose scale, reducing blockage and flow problems, while also effectively preventing carbonate ions from corroding the inner wall of the pipeline.

[0067] Although the present invention has been disclosed above by way of embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can make some modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

[0068] 10: Anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure 100: Substrate 100S: Surface 110: Permanent magnet coating 120: Magnetic field arrangement structure 122: N / S magnetic poles 124: S / N magnetic poles D:Inner diameter F: Fluid I:ion P: Scale PP: Pole spacing T: Thickness

Claims

1. An anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure, comprising: a substrate, wherein the substrate has a surface; and a permanent magnet coating disposed on the surface of the substrate and having a magnetic field arrangement structure, wherein the magnetic field arrangement structure comprises alternating N / S magnetic poles and S / N magnetic poles to generate an alternating magnetic field on the surface of the substrate by the permanent magnet coating, wherein the magnetic pole spacing of the magnetic field arrangement structure does not exceed 3 mm, and the magnetic field strength of each of the plurality of N / S magnetic poles and the plurality of S / N magnetic poles is 35 Gs or more.

2. The anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure as described in claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet coating comprises a general-purpose permanent magnet material, and the general-purpose permanent magnet material comprises a cobalt-based alloy or a rare earth alloy.

3. The anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure as described in claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet coating is Co x(M+P) 1-x, wherein M includes a transition metal element and X is 0.80~0.

95.

4. The anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure as described in claim 3, wherein the transition metal element includes manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), or nickel (Ni).

5. The anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure as described in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the permanent magnet coating is equal to or greater than 40 μm.

6. The anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure as described in claim 1, wherein the magnetic pole spacing is 0.1 mm to 3 mm.

7. The anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure as described in claim 1, wherein the water droplet contact angle of the permanent magnet coating is 100 degrees to 180 degrees.

8. A method for manufacturing an anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure, comprising the following steps: providing a substrate, wherein the substrate has a surface; and forming a permanent magnet coating on the surface of the substrate, wherein the method of forming the permanent magnet coating includes magnetizing the permanent magnet coating to give the permanent magnet coating a magnetic field arrangement structure, wherein the magnetic field arrangement structure includes alternating arrangements of a plurality of N / S magnetic poles and a plurality of S / N magnetic poles to generate an alternating magnetic field on the surface of the substrate, and the magnetic pole spacing of the magnetic field arrangement structure does not exceed 3 mm, and the magnetic field strength of each of the plurality of N / S magnetic poles and the plurality of S / N magnetic poles is 35 Gs or more.

9. A method for manufacturing an anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure as described in claim 8, wherein the method for forming the permanent magnet coating includes vacuum coating, electroplating, or thermal spraying.

10. A method for manufacturing an anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure as described in claim 9, wherein the electroplating temperature is 25°C to 45°C.

11. A method for manufacturing an anti-fouling permanent magnet coating structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method of forming the permanent magnet coating includes magnetizing the permanent magnet coating using a pole-by-pole magnetization method to give the permanent magnet coating a magnetic field arrangement structure.

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