Slim pop-out wide camera lenses, pop-out camera actuators, and foldable mobile devices

Abstract

Passive pop-up cameras, lens systems for such cameras, and pop-up actuators, which are passive in some examples and based on shape memory alloys in others, are used to actuate the lens systems and other components in such cameras and to actuate them in foldable mobile electronic devices such as smartphones.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications: This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 383,721, filed November 15, 2022; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 492,538, filed March 28, 2023; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 495,148, filed April 10, 2023; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 518,110, filed August 8, 2023; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 507,108, filed June 9, 2023, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to digital cameras, and more particularly to digital cameras having pop-out (PO) mechanisms and lenses. [Previous Technology]

[0003] Multi-aperture digital cameras (or multiple cameras) are standard features in today's mobile electronic devices (or simply "mobile devices," such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, headsets, etc.). Typically, multiple cameras include a wide-angle camera, an ultra-wide-angle (UW) camera, and an (optional) telephoto camera, which serve as the primary (or "primary") camera of the mobile device. The primary (or wide-angle) camera has a wide-angle camera sensor and a wide-angle camera field of view (FOVW) of approximately 65–95 degrees (approximately 20 mm to 35 mm 35 eq. FL). The UW camera has an UW camera sensor and a UW camera field of view of approximately 105–130 degrees (approximately 10 mm to 16 mm 35 eq. FL) (FOVUW > FOVW). The telephoto camera has a telephoto camera sensor and a telephoto camera field of view of approximately 10–40 degrees (approximately 50 mm to 250 mm 35 eq. FL) (FOVT < FOVW). A major challenge in designing wide-angle cameras is supporting higher image quality (IQ) while still remaining suitable for thin mobile devices with a device height of, for example, less than 12.5 mm. To improve IQ, increasingly larger image sensors are being incorporated into mobile devices. These large image sensors can have an optical format greater than 1 / 2”, that is, their sensor diagonal (“SD”) SD > 8 mm, for example 1 / 1.5” (SD = 10.7 mm), or even 1 / 1” (SD = 16 mm). PO cameras allow for the incorporation of large image sensors while supporting the thinness of mobile devices including PO cameras. PO cameras are described, for example, in the co-owned international patent application PCT / IB2020 / 058697.

[0004] Figure 1A schematically illustrates the definitions of various camera entities, such as TTL, EFL, and BFL. In most microlenses used in multi-camera systems incorporated into mobile devices, TTL is greater than EFL, as shown in Figure 1A, for example, in wide-angle lenses.

[0005] Figure 1B illustrates an exemplary camera with a lens having a field of view (FOV), an EFL, and an image sensor having a sensor width S. For a fixed width / height ratio and a (rectangular) image sensor, the (full) image sensor diagonal (SD) is proportional to the sensor width and height. A typical width / height ratio for an image sensor is 4:3. For example, the SD for a 1 / 1.2” sensor is 14.3 mm. The diagonal FOV is related to the EFL and SD as follows: This shows that achieving a camera with a larger image sensor but a similar FOV requires a larger EFL. Incorporating a larger image sensor in a wide-angle camera is desirable, but it requires a larger EFL to maintain the same FOVW, resulting in a larger TTL, which is undesirable for integration in a thin mobile device.

[0006] Figure 1C schematically illustrates a mobile device 100 including a known PO camera (“POC”) 110 in a first state (“collapsed state”) when the camera is not in use (or inactive). In the collapsed state, the POC 110 has a first TTL (“collapsed TTL” or “c-TTL”) as labeled. The c-TTL matches the height dimensions of modern mobile devices, i.e., in the folded state, the PO camera 110 does not exceed the height (or thickness) of the mobile device 100. The height of the mobile device 100 may include a raised area of ​​the mobile device 100 (“camera bump” or simply “bump”), in which multiple cameras are included. The c-TTL may be in the range of 5 to 15 mm.

[0007] Figure 1D schematically illustrates a mobile device 100 including a POC 110 in a second state (“pop-up” or “PO” state). Generally, the POC can only operate as a camera in the PO state. In the PO state, the POC 110 has a second TTL (“TTL”) as marked. TTL > c-TTL, such that the POC 110 exceeds the height of the mobile device 100. In other words, in the PO state, the POC 110 protrudes (or “pops up”) from the mobile device 100. Generally, the thickness (“T”) of the mobile device is approximately T = 5 mm to 20 mm. The TTL can be in the range of 6 to 25 mm. The POC can protrude from the mobile device 100 by approximately 1 mm to 15 mm.

[0008] To switch the POC 110 from the PO state to the retracted state, an active actuator is required, such as a stepper motor, a shaped metal alloy (SMA) actuator, etc. "Active" here means that the actuation requires electricity. Typically, to switch the POC 110 from the retracted state to the PO state, an active actuator is not required; a passive actuator (e.g., based on spring force) is sufficient. In this disclosure, the term "passive" means that the actuator and / or actuation does not require electricity. Recently, "foldable mobile devices," such as "foldable phones" ("FPs"), such as the Samsung Galaxy Fold or Samsung Galaxy Flip, have been introduced. FPs can be "folded." When folded, the FP achieves a smaller size, which is desirable. When unfolded, the FP provides a large screen area for the main screen, which is also desirable. Generally, when folded, the main screen of the FP is not active.

[0009] Proof of Concept (POC) including SMA actuators is described, for example, in the jointly owned international patent application PCT / IB2022 / 056646. SMA actuators typically use SMA traces. SMA traces are advantageous for use in mobile devices because they are inexpensive, lightweight, and compact, making them suitable for low-power, low-noise, small-sized actuators. Generally, SMA traces can operate for 25,000 cycles under load, which is disadvantageous for use in mobile devices, where operation exceeding 100,000 cycles may be mandatory.

[0010] It is beneficial to provide a wide-angle camera lens design that supports PO wide-angle cameras, which include a large image sensor of 1 / 1.33” or larger, i.e., SD ≥ 12 mm.

[0011] It is advantageous to provide a fully passive POC in a mobile device, that is, a relatively thin camera that still provides a large zoom effect or uses a large image sensor, and does not require active actuation when switching from PO state to retracted state, and vice versa. Such a fully passive POC is disclosed herein.

[0012] It is advantageous to provide an SMA actuator that can operate on a relatively large number of cycles (e.g., up to 100,000 cycles) and is used in a mobile device. Such an SMA actuator camera is disclosed herein. [Summary of the Invention]

[0013] In several examples, a lens system for a small digital camera is provided, the lens system comprising: an image sensor having a sensor diagonal SD; and a lens having a field of view FOV and including N lens elements L1-L9 arranged along a lens optical axis OA, the N lens elements starting from an object side toward an image side at L1, each lens element L1 having a focal length fi of size |fi|, where 1 ≤ i ≤ N, the N lens elements being divided into two lens groups G1 and G2 separated by a large gap BG, the lens having a total ejection trajectory length TTL < 20 mm in an ejected state and a total retraction trajectory length c-TTL in a retracted state, wherein the lens system is configured to switch from the ejected state to the retracted state by retracting the large gap BG to a retracted large gap c-BG, and vice versa, wherein BG > 0.2 × TTL, SD ≥ 12 mm, and c-TTL / SD ≤ 0.65.

[0014] In several examples, a lens system for a small digital camera is provided, the lens system having a pop-up state and a retracted state, the lens system comprising: an image sensor having a sensor diagonal SD; and a lens having a field of view FOV and including N lens elements L1-LN arranged along a lens optical axis OA, the N lens elements starting from an object side toward an image side starting at L1, each lens element Li having a respective net aperture DALi, where 1 ≤ i ≤ N, the lens having a field of view FOV, an f number f / #, a lens thickness TLens, a back focal length BFL, an effective focal length EFL, and a total track length TTL < 20 mm in the pop-up state, wherein the lens system is configured to switch from the pop-up state to the retracted state by retracting the back focal length BFL to a retracted back focal length c-BFL, and vice versa, where BFL > 0.2 × TTL, where SD ≥ 15 mm, and where c-TTL / SD < 0.7.

[0015] In several examples, a foldable mobile device is provided, the foldable mobile device including a passive pop-up camera (POC), the passive POC including: a pop-up lens; an image sensor; and a passive pop-up actuator, wherein the foldable mobile device is unfoldable by an unfolding action and foldable by a folding action, both actions being performed by a user, wherein the passive POC has a pop-up state and a retracted state, wherein the passive POC is operable in the pop-up state and has a total trajectory length TTL, and the passive POC has a retracted total trajectory length c-TTL < TTL in the retracted state, wherein the passive pop-up actuator is operable to use the folding action to switch the passive POC from the pop-up state to the retracted state, and wherein the passive pop-up actuator is operable to use the unfolding action to switch the passive POC from the retracted state to the pop-up state.

[0016] In several examples, a foldable mobile device is provided, the foldable mobile device including a passively foldable pop-up camera (POC), the passively foldable POC including: a lens; a mirror; an image sensor; a passively pop-up actuator; and a camera housing; wherein the foldable mobile device is unfoldable by an unfolding action and foldable by a folding action, both actions being performed by a user, wherein the lens is located on one side of the mirror, wherein the camera housing includes a module region having a module height HM and a shoulder region having a shoulder height HS, and HS < HM, wherein the passively foldable POC has a pop-up state and a retracted state, wherein in the pop-up state, the passively foldable POC is active and has a module height HM, and in the retracted state, the passively foldable POC has a retracted module height c - HM < HM, wherein the passive pop-up actuator is operable to use the folding action to switch the passively folded POC from the pop-up state to the retracted state, wherein the passive pop-up actuator is operable to use the unfolding action to switch the passively folded POC from the retracted state to the pop-up state.

[0017] In several examples, a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator is provided, the SMA actuator being included in a camera, the SMA actuator comprising: P SMA traces, where P ≥ 2; and a moving element operable to actuate a component included in the camera, wherein the camera is included in a mobile electronic device, wherein each of the P SMA traces is operable for more than M cycles, wherein the P SMA traces are guided by the moving element, wherein the force for actuating the component included in the camera is provided by one of the P SMA traces, wherein the P SMA traces are used continuously such that the SMA actuator is operable for more than an extended number of P × M cycles.

Implementation Method

[0043] In this application, the following symbols and abbreviations are used for optical and other characteristics mentioned in the specification and drawings, all of which are terms known in the art: Total Track Length (TTL): The maximum distance between the point on the front surface S1 of the first lens element L1, measured along an axis parallel to the lens optical axis, and the image sensor when the system is focused to infinity. Back Focal Length (BFL): The minimum distance between the point on the rear surface S2N of the last lens element LN, measured along an axis parallel to the lens optical axis, and the image sensor when the system is focused to infinity. Effective Focal Length (EFL): The distance between the rear principal point P' and the rear focal point F' of the lens (the assembly of lens elements L1 to LN). f-number (f-number, f / #): The ratio of EFL to the entrance pupil diameter.

[0044] Figure 2A illustrates a known technique of a "2-group" (or "2G") pop-out (PO) optical lens system 200, which includes a PO lens 202 and an image sensor 204. The PO optical lens system 200 is shown in a PO or extended state (and focused to infinity). The PO lens 202 is divided into two lens groups separated by a large gap (BG), the first being a lens group on the object side ("G1") and the second being a lens group on the sensor side ("G2"). The thickness of G1 is represented by TG1. The lens 202 includes N lens elements Li (where "i" is an integer between 1 and N, and N can be, for example, between 5 and 10). L1 is the lens element closest to the object side, and LN is the lens element closest to the image side (i.e., the side where the image sensor is located). This order applies to all lenses and lens elements disclosed herein. Each lens element Li includes a respective front surface S2i-1 (the designation "2i-1" is the front surface number) and a respective rear surface S2i (the designation "2" is the rear surface number). This numbering convention applies throughout the specification. Alternatively, as described in this specification, lens surfaces are marked "Sk", where k ranges from 1 to 2N. In some cases, the front and rear surfaces may be aspherical. However, this is not limiting.

[0045] As used herein, the term “front surface” for each lens element refers to the surface of the lens element located closer to the camera inlet (camera object side), and the term “rear surface” refers to the surface of the lens element located closer to the image sensor (camera image side).

[0046] Each lens group includes one or more lens elements Li. G1 may include ≥ 5 elements, and G2 may include 1 to 2 elements. G2 may be a field lens as known in the art.

[0047] Figure 2B shows the 2G PO optical lens system 200 in a collapsed state. The large gap BG is reduced to a contracted BG (labeled "c-BG"), that is, the distance between G1 and G2 is reduced, resulting in a contracted TTL ("c-TTL"). c-BG can range from 0.1 mm to 5 mm. Only BG changes. Other distances in the PO optical lens system 200, such as BFL or the distance between lens elements included in G1 and G2 respectively, do not change.

[0048] Figure 2C shows another example of a 1G PO optical lens system 250, which includes a PO lens 252 having a lens thickness TLens and an image sensor 254 disclosed herein in a PO state. The PO lens 252 has the lens optical axis shown. The 1G PO optical lens system 250 is shown in a PO or extended state (and focused to infinity). The lens 252 includes N lens elements. A BFL is shown.

[0049] Figure 2D illustrates the 1G PO optical lens system 250 in a retracted state. The BFL is retracted to a retracted BFL (labeled "c-BFL"), meaning the distance between the lens 252 and the image sensor 254 is reduced, resulting in a retracted TTL ("c-TTL"). The basic lower limit of c-TTL is given by the thickness of the lens 252 ("TLens"), i.e., c-TTL > TLens. In practice, c-TTL = TLens + c-BFL, where c-BFL = 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm or greater. This means c-TTL = TLens + 0.2 mm to TLens + 1.5 mm or greater.

[0050] The 2G PO optical lens system 200 is operable in a PO camera. The generated POC operates as a camera only in the PO state. In the retracted state, the POC cannot operate as a camera, that is, it is inactive.

[0051] The 1G PO optical lens system 250 is a "1-group" (or "1G") PO optical lens system, meaning that the lens 252 moves as a unit. This means that when switching from the PO state to the retracted state, the distance between the multiple lens elements included in the lens 252 does not change, only the BFL changes. The 2G PO optical lens system 200 and the 1G PO optical lens system 250 can (or are operatively) be included in the POC. To perform optical image stabilization (OIS), the POC can use several methods known in the art. This method can be "lens-offset OIS," in which the lens moves relative to the image sensor and the camera hosting mobile device to achieve OIS, or "sensor-offset OIS," in which the image sensor moves relative to the lens and relative to the camera hosting mobile device to achieve OIS.

[0052] All PO optical lens systems disclosed herein can be used in the POC examples described in the commonly owned PCT patent application PCT / IB2020 / 058697.

[0053] All PO optical lens systems disclosed below are shown as being in PO state, including the POC of the optical lens system being operable.

[0054] In the retracted state, the c-BG of all examples of 2G PO optical lens systems is 0.2 mm to 4.0 mm. A smaller c-BG facilitates the integration of a thin camera module into a slim mobile device (such as a smartphone). The cTTL ranges from 9.94 mm to 13.9 mm. In the retracted state, the c-BFL of all examples of 1G PO optical lens systems is 0.2 mm to 3.0 mm. A smaller c-BFL facilitates the integration of a thin camera module. The cTTL ranges from 9.26 mm to 13.22 mm. For clarity, all lens systems disclosed herein can be advantageously included or incorporated into mobile devices (such as smartphones).

[0055] Figure 3 illustrates an example of the 2G PO optical lens system disclosed herein, designated 300. The lens system 300 includes a PO lens 302 divided into two lens groups G1 and G2 and having a lens optical axis 308, an image sensor 304, and optional optical elements 306. Optical elements 306 may be, for example, an infrared (IR) filter and / or a glass image sensor dust cover. The image sensor 304 may have a 21.5 mm SD. G1 includes seven lens elements (L1–L7), and G2 includes two lens elements (L8–L9). Optical rays pass through the lens 302 and form an image on the image sensor 304. Figure 3 shows six fields, each with four rays.

[0056] Detailed optical and surface data for PO lens 302 are given in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 provides the surface types, and Table 2 provides the aspherical coefficients. The surface types are: a) Plano: flat surface with no curvature. b) Q type 1 (QT1) surface sag formula: c) Even Asphere (ASP) surface sag formula: where {z, r} are standard cylindrical polar coordinates, c is the paraxial curvature of the surface, k is the conic parameter, rrnorm is typically half the net aperture (CA), and An is the aspherical coefficient shown in the lens data sheet. The Z-axis is positive towards the image side. The CA value is given as the net aperture radius, i.e., D / 2. The reference wavelength is 555.0 nanometers (nm). Units are millimeters (mm), except for the refractive index (“Index”) and Abbe number (Abbe #). Each lens element Li has its own focal length fi, which is given in Table 1. FOV is given in the form of half FOV (HFOV). Example 300 EFL = 11.58mm, F number = 2.0, HFOV = 41.35 degrees surface# annotation type curvature radius thickness Aperture radius (D / 2) Material Refractive index Abbe # focal length 1 AS 2 Lens 1 QForb ​​type 1 5.296 0.867 2.9 N-SK14 1.603 60.6 20.0 3 QForb ​​type 1 8.851 0.832 2.9 4 Lens 2 QForb ​​type 1 10.451 0.487 2.9 EP6000 1.639 23.5 -43.9 5 QForb ​​type 1 7.509 0.196 2.9 6 Lens 3 QForb ​​type 1 18.342 0.866 2.9 F52R 1.535 56.0 14.3 7 QForb ​​type 1 -12.989 0.938 2.9 8 Lens 4 QForb ​​type 1 -8.478 0.504 3.2 EP9000 1.671 19.2 -31.8 9 QForb ​​type 1 -14.295 0.162 3.2 10 Lens 5 QForb ​​type 1 -8.344 0.558 3.6 APL5014C 1.544 56.0 -11.5 11 QForb ​​type 1 25.782 0.088 3.6 12 Lens 6 QForb ​​type 1 17.856 0.736 4.0 NLASF31A 1.883 40.8 6.5 13 QForb ​​type 1 -8.410 0.231 4.0 14 Lens 7 QForb ​​type 1 -7.598 0.775 4.4 EP10000 1.680 18.2 -97.9 15 QForb ​​type 1 -8.917 4.857 4.4 16 Lens 8 QForb ​​type 1 -6.739 0.724 6.5 EP9000 1.671 19.2 598.4 17 QForb ​​type 1 -6.912 0.021 6.5 18 Lens 9 QForb ​​type 1 -6.815 0.867 8.6 EP6000 1.639 23.5 -9.9 19 QForb ​​type 1 99.217 0.300 8.6 20 Filter Plano 0.210 10.3 N-BK1 1.513 63.6 twenty one Plano 0.356 10.3 twenty two Image side Plano Infinity - - Table 1 Aspheric coefficient surface# Conic NR A0 A1 A2 A3 2 0.080 2.738 3.51E-03 2.668E-03 4.047E-04 1.287E-04 3 1.048 3.106 -5.38E-02 4.704E-03 -2.747E-03 -2.255E-03 4 3.607 2.922 -5.68E-01 1.847E-03 -4.643E-03 -6.602E-04 5 0.819 2.906 -6.06E-01 1.425E-02 -3.994E-03 2.972E-05 6 4.521 2.622 -1.41E-01 9.668E-03 1.194E-03 4.779E-05 7 -9.227 3.060 -2.26E-01 4.164E-02 7.034E-03 2.231E-03 8 -12.430 2.915 -4.92E-01 7.762E-02 -1.138E-02 1.989E-04 9 5.762 3.037 -2.76E-01 6.029E-02 -6.464E-03 -1.041E-03 10 -1.831 3.749 1.79E-01 -3.833E-02 2.568E-02 1.736E-03 11 31.513 3.597 -9.59E-01 6.888E-02 -2.136E-02 2.324E-03 12 5.847 3.523 -7.13E-01 -2.555E-02 -1.241E-02 -1.200E-03 13 0.998 3.520 2.94E-01 -7.142E-02 7.877E-03 9.577E-04 14 -10.206 4.120 -3.07E-01 -1.148E-02 -4.223E-04 -4.414E-04 15 -9.394 4.438 -5.57E-01 8.657E-03 1.178E-02 8.436E-03 16 0.013 6.050 -5.33E-01 3.998E-01 1.801E-01 -3.201E-02 17 -0.030 6.318 -3.44E-01 5.083E-01 1.535E-01 -3.792E-02 18 -0.146 5.999 9.69E-02 2.159E-01 1.499E-02 1.158E-02 19 23.176 10.048 -4.19E+00 1.094E-01 -1.130E-01 -2.194E-01 Table 2 Aspheric coefficients (continued) Surface # A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 2 1.342E-05 -1.493E-07 -3.010E-06 8.064E-08 -4.711E-07 4.908E-08 3 -1.192E-03 -4.255E-04 -8.055E-05 -4.017E-05 -7.477E-06 -9.934E-06 4 5.037E-05 3.540E-05 1.502E-04 2.437E-05 5.036E-05 -1.493E-05 5 1.865E-05<000049​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ 5.194E-04 -7.381E-05 -4.656E-07 3.081E-05 -1.308E-05 6.899E-06 9 8.115E-04 -9.350E-05 2.656E-05 4.597E-06 -1.024E-06 8.825E-07 10 2.095E-03 -5.837E-04 -1.907E-04 1.369E-05 1.026E-04 -6.774E-05 11 -1.969E-04 -1.188E-04 -9.841E-05 -1.679E-04 -3.788E-05 5.609E-06 12 -3.967E-04 2.232E-04 -1.445E-05 2.555E-05 -1.400E-06 4.187E-06 13 -1.163E-03 1.956E-04 1.023E-05 -1.922E-06 1.087E-06 3.064E-08 14 -1.857E-03 1.836E-03 5.531E-04 -3.892E-04 -5.765E-05 5.250E-05 15 1.697E-03 7.839E-04 2.024E-04 -1.538E-04 5.044E-05 3.591E-05 16 -1.711E-02 1.747E-02 3.924E-04 1.421E-05 -2.504E-04 -1.711E-04 17 -3.326E-02 1.767E-02 1.532E-04 1.282E-03 -8.749E-05 -8.814E-06 18 -3.790E-03 -1.038E-03 2.307E-04 -1.016E-06 2.362E-05 9.442E-08 19 -1.902E-01 -7.502E-02 -4.053E-02 -5.311E-03 3.247E-03 3.848E-03 Table 2 (Continued)

[0057] The power sequence of the lens elements from L1 to L9 is as follows: +-+--+-+- (positive-negative-positive-negative-negative-positive-negative), that is, the PO lens 302 includes four positive lens elements and five negative lens elements. The maximum sagittal (SAG) of L8 and L9 are 3.8mm and 3.5mm, respectively, and are represented by "Max_SAGL8" and "Max_SAGL9".

[0058] L1 is made of glass;

[0059] EFLG1 and EFLG2 have opposite signs but similar magnitudes, that is, the difference between |EFLG1| and |EFLG2| is less than 3%;

[0060] The thickness of G1 is approximately 4.5 times that of G2;

[0061] f9 and EFLG2 have the same sign and similar magnitude, that is, the difference between f9 and EFLG2 is less than 4%;

[0062] f6 is the strongest lens element in the 306 lens. f6 is more than 1.5 times stronger than the 306 lens;

[0063] L4 and L5 are close to each other. AGTL4-L5 is less than 2% of TTL;

[0064] The ratio of cTTL to SD is between 0.46 and 0.64;

[0065] The ratio of BG to TTL is 0.33;

[0066] The ratio of BG to cTTL is between 0.35 and 0.49;

[0067] The ratio of cTTL to TTL is between 0.68 and 0.94;

[0068] The ratio of cTTL to EFL is between 0.86 and 1.19;

[0069] The maximum sagittal height (SAG) (Max_SAGL8) of L8 is 5.25 times greater than the thickness of L8; and

[0070] The maximum sagittal height (SAG) (Max_SAGL9) of L9 is 4.04 times greater than the thickness of L9.

[0071] Figure 4 illustrates another example of the 2G PO optical lens system disclosed herein, designated 400. The lens system 400 includes a PO lens 402 divided into two lens groups G1 and G2 and having a lens optical axis 408, an image sensor 404, and optional optical elements 406. The image sensor 404 may have a 21.5mm SD. G1 includes eight lens elements (L1 to L8), and G2 includes one lens element (L9). Detailed optical and surface data for the PO lens 402 are given in Tables 3 and 4. Table 3 provides the surface type, and Table 4 provides the aspherical coefficients.

[0072] L1 and L6 are made of glass;

[0073] EFLG1 and EFLG2 have opposite signs but similar sizes, that is, the difference between |EFLG1| and |EFLG2| is less than 25%;

[0074] The center thickness of G1 is approximately 7 times that of G2;

[0075] f9 and EFLG2 have the same sign and similar size, that is, the difference between f9 and EFLG2 is less than 2%;

[0076] f6 is the strongest lens element in lens 406. The strength of f6 is approximately 1.5 times that of lens 406;

[0077] L5 and L6 are close to each other;

[0078] The ratio of cTTL to SD is between 0.49 and 0.65;

[0079] The ratio of BG to TTL is 0.27;

[0080] The ratio of BG to cTTL is between 0.27 and 0.36;

[0081] The ratio of cTTL to TTL is between 0.75 and 0.98;

[0082] The ratio of cTTL to EFL is between 0.92 and 1.21; and

[0083] The sequence of lens power from L1 to L9 is positive-positive-positive-negative-negative-positive-positive-positive-negative, that is, PO lens 402 includes six positive lens elements and three negative lens elements. Example 400 EFL = 11.51 mm, f-number = 1.91, HFOV = 43.91 degrees surface# annotation type radius of curvature thickness Aperture radius (D / 2) Material Refractive index Abbe # focal length 1 AS Plano Infinity -1.174 3.010 2 Lens 1 QT1 4.465 1.269 3.018 Glass 1.48 84.1 17.624 3 8.467 0.528 2.928 4 Lens 2 QT1 6.779 0.380 2.881 plastic 1.53 55.7 146.928 5 7.271 0.483 2.846 6 Lens 3 QT1 28.032 0.631 2.790 plastic 1.53 55.7 22.946 7 -21.782 0.050 2.831 8 Lens 4 QT1 -49.310 0.371 2.838 plastic 1.61 25.6 -53.107 9 98.687 0.840 3.157 10 Lens 5 QT1 -5.386 0.402 3.190 plastic 1.59 28.4 -7.879 11 35.441 0.034 3.419 12 Lens 6 QT1 -35.825 0.923 3.492 Glass 1.80 46.2 7.602 13 -5.275 0.031 3.831 14 Lens 7 QT1 6.367 0.558 4.238 plastic 1.54 55.9 317.898 15 6.404 0.560 4.736 14 Lens 8 QT1 -14.323 0.703 4.770 plastic 1.67 19.2 85.677 15 -11.714 3.788 5.401 14 Lens 9 QT1 -88.617 1.149 8.697 plastic 1.59 28.4 -12.787 15 8.305 0.930 9.770 16 Filter Plano Infinity 0.210 - Glass 1.52 64.2 17 Infinity 0.350 - 18 Image side Plano Infinity - - Table 3 Aspheric coefficient surface# Norm Radius A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 2 3.076 7.27E-02 1.24E-02 6.82E-04 -9.51E-04 -6.38E-04 3 2.911 -6.50E-02 2.41E-03 -8.14E-04 -5.80E-04 -1.16E-04 4 2.875 -8.05E-01 3.45E-02 5.36E-04 -3.70E-03 -2.47E-05 5 2.920 -7.27E-01 4.56E-02 3.01E-03 -5.30E-03 3.91E-04 6 2.920 -4.72E-01 -2.52E-02 1.01E-02 1.07E-04 7.14E-07 7 2.942 -3.65E-01 1.26E-02 -4.60E-03 8.76E-03 -2.42E-03 8 2.885 -2.82E-01 -4.15E-02 -2.93E-02 5.10E-03 -5.15E-05 9 3.225 -6.37E-02 -2.64E-02 -1.49E-02 -2.21E-04 3.45E-03 10 3.309 3.13E-01 1.36E-01 -3.02E-02 -1.32E-02 -2.41E-04 11 3.890 -1.52E+00 4.19E-01 1.38E-01 1.38E-01 1.49E-03 12 4.221 -8.74E-01 1.06E-01 1.49E-01 9.04E-02 -1.09E-02 13 4.681 1.67E+00 1.52E-01 6.47E-02 -1.51E-02 5.49E-02 14 5.440 -7.46E+00 -2.79E-01 -4.62E-01 -2.06E-01 1.40E-01 15 6.116 -5.92E+00 8.63E-01 5.84E-02 -1.58E-01 -6.37E-02 16 6.405 -2.63E-01 1.09E+00 6.31E-01 -1.89E-01 1.67E-02 17 6.886 5.67E-01 1.14E+00 7.01E-01 5.77E-02 3.80E-02 18 10.350 -2.73E+00 1.94E+00 -3.27E-01 9.53E-01 6.28E-01 19 10.578 -6.87E+00 5.56E-01 -9.11E-01 -4.79E-01 -3.77E-01 Table 4 Aspheric coefficient surface# A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 2 -4.26E-04 -1.86E-04 -9.15E-05 -2.77E-05 - - 3 -1.65E-04 1.32E-05 -3.56E-05 1.91E-05 - - 4 5.86E-05 -4.96E-05 -3.61E-06 -5.42E-06 - - 5 -7.99E-05 -1.04E-04 -5.05E-05 3.22E-05 - - 6 -5.26E-04 -2.16E-04 -1.43E-05 8.49E-05 - - 7 -1.93E-04 -4.80E-04 1.94E-04 3.48E-05 - - 8 8.22E-04 -3.41E-04 7.37E-05 6.32E-05 - - 9 1.70E-03 1.69E-04 2.75E-04 1.72E-04 - - 10 3.39E-03 -1.62E-03 -1.15E-03 -2.31E-04 -7.09E-05 -1.00E-05 11 -1.29E-02 -2.52E-02 -4.38E-04 -1.43E-03 1.66E-03 1.60E-04 12 -3.68E-03 2.33E-03 1.52E-02 2.08E-03 1.55E-03 -1.26E-03 13 2.80E-02 -2.77E-02 -6.18E-02 -4.71E-02 -1.97E-02 -4.26E-03 14 1.29E-01 -7.39E-03 -6.79E-02 -2.51E-02 1.14E-03 3.16E-03 15 1.92E-02 1.99E-02 -9.25E-03 -3.33E-03 2.16E-03 2.14E-03 16 3.63E-02 -4.17E-02 -1.08E-01 -6.44E-02 -8.71E-03 5.47E-03 17 -1.72E-02 4.77E-02 8.05E-02 6.95E-02 3.81E-02 1.10E-02 18 4.54E-01 2.31E-01 9.90E-02 1.05E-02 - - 19 -1.24E-01 -9.24E-02 -3.29E-02 -1.17E-02 - - Table 4 (Continued)

[0084] Figure 5 illustrates an example of the 1G PO optical lens system disclosed herein, designated 500. The lens system 500 includes a PO lens 502 with a lens optical axis 508, an image sensor 504, and optional optical elements 506. The image sensor 504 may have a 21.5 mm SD. The PO lens 502 includes eight lens elements (L1 to L8). Optical rays pass through the lens 502 and form an image on the image sensor 504. Detailed optical and surface data of the PO lens 502 are given in Tables 5 and 6. Table 5 provides the surface type, and Table 6 provides the aspherical coefficient. Example 500 EFL = 11.53 mm, F number = 1.675, HFOV = 41.862 degrees surface# annotation type radius of curvature thickness Aperture radius (D / 2) Material Refractive index Abbe # focal length 1 AS Plano Infinity -0.792 3.441 2 Lens 1 QT1 4.440 0.447 3.441 plastic 1.67 19.2 -67.132 3 3.880 0.081 3.433 4 Lens 2 QT1 4.059 1.012 3.460 plastic 1.54 55.9 -305.423 5 3.614 0.153 3.329 6 Lens 3 QT1 3.881 1.545 3.169 plastic 1.54 55.9 8.562 7 19.631 0.160 2.949 8 Lens 4 QT1 7.897 0.441 2.901 plastic 1.67 19.2 -148.887 9 7.158 1.286 2.752 10 Lens 5 QT1 118.726 0.949 3.105 plastic 1.59 28.3 -58.862 11 26.823 0.625 3.877 12 Lens 6 QT1 -7.609 0.986 4.194 plastic 1.57 37.4 47.407 13 -6.213 0.058 4.786 14 Lens 7 QT1 5.608 1.362 5.324 plastic 1.54 55.9 12.310 15 30.920 0.652 5.973 16 Lens 8 QT1 -8.303 0.464 7.496 plastic 1.53 55.7 -8.827 17 11.243 2.841 7.698 18 Filter Plano Infinity 0.157 - Glass 1.52 64.2 19 Infinity 0.350 - 20 Image side Plano Infinity - - Table 5 Aspheric coefficient surface# Norm Radius A0 A1 A2 A3 2 3.472 -6.98E-01 -1.29E-01 1.87E-02 -2.19E-04 3 3.471 -9.83E-01 -1.91E-01 2.97E-02 -1.07E-02 4 3.526 -4.54E-01 -2.07E-03 -1.68E-03 -1.42E-02 5 3.389 -1.30E+00 -1.93E-02 -6.91E-02 -9.19E-03 6 3.268 -4.26E-01 5.21E-02 -2.23E-02 -2.04E-03 7 3.065 -1.97E-02 9.42E-02 -1.14E-02 3.58E-03 8 2.969 -4.25E-01 6.71E-02 -1.91E-02 4.91E-03 9 2.994 -9.08E-02 6.50E-02 -2.59E-03 4.43E-03 10 3.401 -8.91E-01 -1.09E-01 -7.58E-02 -4.09E-02 11 3.919 -1.22E+00 -3.47E-02 5.74E-02 6.97E-03 12 4.211 1.86E-01 -3.71E-01 1.32E-01 1.27E-02 13 5.009 4.15E-01 2.07E-01 -1.49E-01 -5.07E-02 14 5.294 -5.98E+00 9.61E-01 -1.17E-01 -1.06E-01 15 5.742 -2.61E+00 1.38E-01 7.93E-02 -6.44E-02 16 6.892 1.74E+00 2.75E-01 -7.65E-02 5.97E-02 17 7.155 -4.54E+00 6.92E-01 -1.73E-01 1.23E-01 Table 6 Aspheric coefficients (continued) surface# A4 A5 A6 A7 2 8.73E-04 -1.09E-03 2.48E-04 - 3 1.05E-03 -1.65E-03 2.91E-04 - 4 -2.89E-04 -1.15E-03 -6.85E-04 - 5 -4.07E-03 -9.75E-05 -1.06E-03 - 6 -2.89E-03 -2.19E-04 -4.49E-04 - 7 -1.46E-03 5.39E-04 5.08E-05 - 8 -5.86E-04 4.22E-04 7.50E-05 - 9 8.43E-04 3.90E-04 1.64E-04 - 10 -1.73E-02 -5.99E-03 -9.95E-04 - 11 -7.23E-03 -7.36E-03 -1.88E-03 - 12 7.43E-03 -8.04E-03 -1.51E-03 - 13 -4.46E-03 -4.42E-03 6.79E-04 - 14 1.71E-02 3.16E-03 -3.61E-03 4.85E-13 15 4.43E-02 -1.21E-02 4.68E-03 -2.59E-12 16 -4.52E-02 2.19E-02 -4.98E-03 5.01E-04 17 -5.81E-02 1.97E-02 -1.03E-02 2.91E-03 Table 6 (continued)

[0085] Figure 6 illustrates another example of the 2G PO optical lens system disclosed herein, designated 600. The lens system 600 includes a PO lens 602 divided into two lens groups G1 and G2 and having a lens optical axis 608, an image sensor 604, and optional optical elements 606. The image sensor 604 may have a 21.5mm SD. G1 includes eight lens elements (L1 to L8), and G2 includes one lens element (L9). Detailed optical and surface data for the PO lens 602 are given in Tables 7-8. Table 7 provides the surface type, and Table 8 provides the aspherical coefficient. Example 600 EFL = 11.256 mm, F number = 2, HFOV = 42.9 degrees surface# annotation type radius of curvature thickness Aperture radius (D / 2) Material Refractive index Abbe # focal length 1 AS Plano Infinity -1.028 2.813 2 Lens 1 QT1 4.420 1.293 2.850 Glass 1.48 84.1 14.902 3 10.266 0.596 2.722 4 Lens 2 QT1 9.842 0.363 2.709 plastic 1.54 55.9 -208.133 5 8.940 0.403 2.719 6 Lens 3 QT1 33.873 0.755 2.729 plastic 1.53 55.7 20.074 7 -15.669 0.088 2.807 8 Lens 4 QT1 -29.358 0.369 2.807 plastic 1.61 25.6 -54.209 9 -237.047 0.536 3.153 10 Lens 5 QT1 -5.733 0.396 3.185 plastic 1.61 25.6 -7.891 11 33.705 0.037 3.384 12 Lens 6 QT1 -49.454 0.873 3.463 plastic 1.57 37.4 11.421 13 -5.789 0.030 3.807 14 Lens 7 QT1 5.434 0.653 4.078 plastic 1.54 55.9 22.295 15 9.398 0.495 4.534 16 Lens 8 QT1 -54.524 0.619 4.563 plastic 1.59 28.4 125.685 17 -31.581 3.385 5.104 18 Lens 9 QT1 14.910 1.149 8.669 plastic 1.53 55.7 -11.497 19 4.246 1.118 9.855 20 Filter Plano Infinity 0.210 - Glass 1.52 64.2 twenty one Infinity 0.350 - twenty two Image side Plano Infinity - - Table 7 Aspheric coefficient surface# Norm Radius A0 A1 A2 A3 2 3.076 7.63E-02 3.47E-02 1.30E-02 2.60E-03 3 2.911 -2.23E-02 3.00E-02 6.80E-03 -9.43E-04 4 2.875 -6.25E-01 6.30E-02 -5.95E-03 -7.17E-03 5 2.920 -7.01E-01 8.81E-02 1.22E-02 4.88E-04 6 2.920 -5.14E-01 7.24E-03 2.36E-02 7.11E-04 7 2.942 -3.88E-01 3.57E-02 8.65E-03 1.37E-02 8 2.885 -4.31E-01 -4.06E-02 -4.31E-03 1.03E-02 9 3.225 -3.87E-02 -5.83E-02 -6.55E-03 3.98E-04 10 3.309 5.00E-01 4.93E-02 -6.88E-02 -1.13E-02 11 3.890 -1.14E+00 6.01E-01 7.27E-02 1.78E-01 12 4.221 -7.33E-01 2.18E-01 2.78E-02 1.37E-01 13 4.681 1.85E+00 1.46E-01 -3.86E-02 5.36E-02 14 5.440 -7.91E+00 2.63E-02 -4.14E-01 -3.09E-01 15 6.116 -6.57E+00 7.18E-01 1.71E-01 -2.06E-01 16 6.405 -5.27E-02 2.16E+00 4.58E-01 -1.28E-01 17 6.886 9.25E-01 2.67E+00 8.02E-01 1.22E-01 18 10.349 -2.91E+00 4.42E+00 -2.56E-01 1.54E+00 19 10.579 -5.58E+00 2.20E+00 -8.35E-02 5.86E-01 Table 8 Aspheric coefficients (continued) surface# A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 2 -1.40E-03 -2.86E-03 -2.61E-03 -1.96E-03 -1.15E-03 3 -3.56E-03 -3.74E-03 -2.65E-03 -1.60E-03 -7.37E-04 4 -6.25E-03 -4.77E-03 -2.79E-03 -9.63E-04 -1.39E-04 5 -1.90E-03 -2.12E-03 -6.80E-04 1.02E-03 1.35E-03 6 -1.99E-03 -1.99E-03 -1.49E-03 -4.00E-04 2.95E-04 7 6.88E-03 3.88E-03 3.52E-03 5.88E-04 7.77E-04 8 5.47E-03 -1.10E-03 2.27E-03 -3.93E-04 -1.33E-04 9 1.51E-02 6.14E-03 4.94E-03 1.29E-03 1.27E-03 10 1.82E-02 8.75E-03 2.38E-03 3.73E-03 2.61E-03 11 2.12E-02 -2.35E-03 -2.39E-02 -4.31E-03 -2.57E-03 12 -1.05E-02 -1.04E-03 -4.58E-03 2.10E-02 1.04E-02 13 7.16E-02 -1.16E-02 -4.18E-02 -4.10E-02 -3.31E-02 14 1.31E-01 1.68E-01 -4.71E-03 -8.95E-02 -3.47E-02 15 -3.30E-02 7.76E-03 1.05E-02 -2.91E-02 -1.03E-02 16 -4.71E-02 9.36E-02 -3.82E-02 -1.41E-01 -6.56E-02 17 -4.94E-02 5.33E-02 7.24E-02 5.27E-02 3.61E-02 18 2.68E-01 2.81E-01 7.38E-02 2.78E-02 -8.12E-03 19 2.84E-01 3.71E-01 1.96E-01 1.63E-01 8.13E-02 Table 8 (Continued) Aspheric coefficients (continued) surface# A9 A10 A11 2 -5.70E-04 -2.02E-04 -3.99E-05 3 -2.81E-04 -8.50E-05 -1.58E-05 4 1.36E-04 8.92E-05 3.21E-05 5 1.03E-03 4.23E-04 1.01E-04 6 3.53E-04 1.08E-04 -2.16E-05 7 6.55E-04 2.53E-04 3.23E-05 8 5.21E-05 4.69E-05 -1.81E-05 9 6.39E-04 1.71E-04 3.97E-06 10 9.28E-04 2.23E-04 1.05E-04 11 3.64E-04 2.28E-03 8.85E-04 12 5.32E-03 1.62E-03 -2.91E-04 13 -2.40E-02 -1.16E-02 -1.96E-03 14 1.54E-02 1.74E-02 4.80E-03 15 9.57E-03 1.12E-02 3.06E-03 16 1.59E-02 3.12E-02 1.00E-02 17 2.04E-02 1.28E-02 4.20E-03 18 9.81E-03 -3.71E-03 3.83E-04 19 4.92E-02 1.80E-02 6.50E-03 Table 8 (continued)

[0086] Figure 7 illustrates an example of the 1G PO optical lens system disclosed herein, designated 700. The lens system 700 includes a PO lens 702 with a lens optical axis 708, an image sensor 704, and optional optical elements 706. The image sensor 704 may have a 21.5mm SD. The PO lens 702 includes six lens elements (L1 to L6). Optical rays pass through the lens 702 and form an image on the image sensor 704. Detailed optical and surface data of the PO lens 702 are given in Tables 9 and 10. Table 9 provides the surface type, and Table 10 provides the aspherical coefficient.

[0087] As far as the lens shape of L6 is concerned, the entire BFL cannot be contracted, while BG can only be extended from the closest point of L6 to the image sensor 706 and the optical element 706 respectively. Example 700 EFL = 8.78mm, F number = 1.40, HFOV = 38.33 degrees surface# annotation type curvature radius thickness Aperture radius (D / 2) Material Refractive index Abbe # focal length 1 Lens 1 QT1 4.062 0.970 3.467 plastic 1.661 20.373 -63.86 2 3.354 0.625 3.181 3 Lens 2 QT1 4.987 0.472 3.120 plastic 1.636 23.972 8.74 4 44.027 0.012 3.173 5 Lens 3 QT1 7.765 0.349 3.148 plastic 1.681 18.154 -9.13 6 3.409 0.209 3.129 7 Lens 4 QT1 11.586 1.936 3.133 plastic 1.545 55.987 9.19 8 -8.331 0.324 3.087 9 Lens 5 QT1 -3.242 0.704 3.023 plastic 1.671 19.243 -117.87 10 -3.676 0.010 2.916 11 Lens 6 QT1 4.098 1.639 3.750 plastic 1.671 19.243 31.38 12 4.256 4.767 4.004 13 Filter Plano Infinity 0.21 - Glass 1.517 64.167 14 Infinity 0.35 - 15 Image side Plano Infinity - - Table 9 Aspheric coefficient surface# Rnorm A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 1 3.40E+00 -8.56E-01 -1.71E-01 -4.34E-04 3.84E-03 4.25E-03 2 3.23E+00 -1.31E+00 -2.82E-01 -7.32E-03 -4.84E-03 -2.64E-03 3 3.11E+00 -6.06E-01 -1.83E-01 6.00E-02 5.05E-03 -1.05E-02 4 3.21E+00 4.18E-01 -3.66E-01 1.07E-01 -3.43E-02 7.45E-03 5 3.19E+00 -5.98E-02 -1.12E-01 2.81E-02 -3.70E-02 2.66E-02 6 3.20E+00 -1.22E+00 -3.95E-02 -2.72E-02 -4.09E-02 1.10E-02 7 3.22E+00 3.90E-01 -9.35E-02 2.18E-02 -1.38E-02 1.20E-02 8 3.16E+00 -6.74E-02 9.85E-02 -3.83E-02 1.08E-02 -1.20E-04 9 3.16E+00 1.66E+00 2.02E-01 4.31E-02 1.42E-02 -4.98E-04 10 3.31E+00 1.42E+00 5.34E-02 -3.06E-02 -6.58E-02 -3.57E-02 11 3.90E+00 -1.59E+00 -3.41E-02 -4.06E-02 -2.22E-02 -3.16E-03 12 4.31E+00 -2.16E+00 -2.36E-01 -1.46E-01 -6.35E-02 -2.21E-02 Table 10 Aspheric coefficient surface# A5 A6 A7 1 -6.06E-04 -2.01E-04 -7.38E-05 2 -5.08E-03 -1.40E-03 2.44E-04 3 1.70E-03 -2.52E-04 6.47E-04 4 2.48E-03 -6.57E-04 -3.44E-04 5 -7.02E-03 1.75E-03 -1.70E-03 6 -8.08E-03 2.00E-03 -9.20E-04 7 -1.74E-03 -8.65E-04 4.55E-04 8 2.42E-03 2.93E-04 -8.65E-05 9 5.70E-03 9.36E-04 5.32E-04 10 -1.17E-02 -3.51E-03 -3.31E-04 11 -2.06E-03 -2.74E-04 -2.70E-04 12 -5.76E-03 -1.77E-03 1.09E-04 Table 10 (continued)

[0088] Table 11 shows the values ​​and ranges of the optical lens systems 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 disclosed herein. - SD, TTL, c-TTL, BG, c-BG, BFL, c-BFL, EFL, EFLG1, EFLG2, TG1, TG2, TLens, f5, f6, f9, AGTL4-L5, and Max_SAG are in mm; half field of view (“HFOV”) is in degrees, and f-number (“f / #”) has no unit. - Image sensors 304, 404, 504, and 604 may have an SD of 21.5 mm (“4 / 3” sensor or “1 / 0.8” sensor). - AGTL4-L5 indicates the average thickness of the air gap between L4 and L5. "Average thickness" here refers to the average distance between L4 and L5, taking into account all y-values ​​from 0 (i.e., from the optical axis, such as optical axis 308) to D / 2 (i.e., the maximum lens margin). - c-BGMIN and c-BGMAX represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the reduced BG, respectively. c-BG can have any value between c-BGMIN and c-BGMAX. - c-BFLMIN and c-BFLMAX represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the reduced BFL, respectively. c-BFL can have any value between c-BFLMIN and c-BFLMAX. - c-TTLMIN and c-TTLMAX represent the minimum and maximum values ​​of the reduced TTL, respectively. c-TTL can have any value between c-TTLMIN and c-TTLMAX. - TLens, TG1, and TG2 represent the center thickness of the lens, or the center thickness of G1 and G2, respectively. The center thickness is measured at the optical axis of the lens. - f5, f6 and f9 refer to the focal lengths of L5, L6 and L9, respectively. Features / Examples 300 400 500 600 700 type 2G 2G 1G 2G 1G N 9 9 8 9 6 EFL 11.58 11.51 11.53 11.26 8.78 TTL 14.60 14.19 13.57 13.72 13.58 c-TTL MIN 9.94 10.60 10.42 10.53 9.26 c-TTL MAX 13.75 13.90 13.22 13.33 13.06 BG 4.86 3.79 3.39 4.52 c-BG MIN 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 c-BG MAX 4.00 3.50 3.00 4.00 BFL 3.35 5.33 c-BFL MIN 0.20 0.75 c-BFL MAX 3.00 3.00 HFOV 41.35 43.91 41.86 42.90 38.33 SD 21.50 21.50 20.99 21.50 13.90 f / # 2.00 1.91 1.68 2.00 1.40 EFL G1 9.80 10.31 10.14 EFL G2 -9.60 -12.78 -11.50 T G1 7.25 7.76 7.50 T G2 1.60 1.15 1.15 T Lens 10.30 8.5 f5 -11.50 -7.88 -7.89 f6 6.50 7.60 11.42 f9 -9.90 -12.79 -11.50 T8 0.72 0.70 0.62 T9 0.87 1.15 1.15 Max. SAGL8 -3.80 Max. SAGL9 -3.50 2.20 2.08 AGT (L4-L5) 0.20 Max. SAGL8 / T8 -5.25 Max. SAGL9 / T9 -4.04 EFLG1 / EFL 0.85 0.90 0.90 EFLG2 / EFL -0.83 -1.11 -1.02 EFLG1 / EFLG2 -1.02 -0.81 -0.88 TG1 / TG2 4.53 6.76 6.53 f9 / EFLG2 1.03 1.00 1.00 EFL / f6 1.78 1.51 0.99 AGT / TTL 0.01 TTL / SD 0.68 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.98 c-TTL MIN / SD 0.46 0.49 0.50 0.49 0.67 c-TTL MAX / SD 0.64 0.65 0.63 0.62 0.94 BFL / TTL 0.25 0.39 BFL / c-TTL MIN 0.32 0.58 BFL / c-TTL MAX 0.25 0.41 BG / TTL 0.33 0.27 0.25 0.33 BG / c-TTL MIN 0.49 0.36 0.32 0.49 BG / c-TTL MAX 0.35 0.27 0.25 0.35 c-TTL MIN / TTL 0.68 0.75 0.77 0.77 0.68 c-TTL MAX / TTL 0.94 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.96 c-TTL MIN / EFL 0.86 0.92 0.90 0.94 1.05 c-TTL MAX / EFL 1.21 1.15 1.18 1.49 Table 11

[0089] Figures 8A to 8B exemplarily illustrate a foldable mobile phone (“FP”) 800 including the internal passive POC 802 disclosed herein. “Internal” means that the FOV 808 of the camera 802 is located on the same side of the FP 800 as its “main screen”. The main screen is the largest screen included in the FP 800 (i.e., having the largest screen area). The FP 800 includes a hinge axis 810 that connects a first wing 812 to a second wing 818 and is operable to allow the FP 800 to be unfolded and folded. The hinge axis 810 is oriented perpendicular to the xy plane. The first wing 812 includes a first outer (or “world-facing”) 814 and a first inner (or “user-facing”) 816. The second wing 818 includes a second outer 820 and a second inner 822. Typically, the main screen of the FP 800 extends over both the first inner 816 and the second inner 822. When the FP 800 is unfolded, the main screen can be used as a whole, and the internal passive POC 802 is operated (or "active") as a camera facing the user (or "selfie"). In some examples, the first outer 814 and / or the second outer 820 also include the screen. When the FP 800 is folded, the aperture of the internal passive POC 802 is covered by the second wing 818. The internal passive POC 802 includes a passive PO actuator (Figure 8C), a PO lens 804 having a lens optical axis ("OA") and a lens thickness TL, and an image sensor 806. The internal passive POC 802 is included in and surrounded by a camera module housing (or simply "camera housing") 809.

[0090] Figure 8A shows the FP 800 in a partially deployed state, with the passive POC 802 in the PO state. In the PO state, the internal passive POC 802 has TTL and is active as a camera; that is, the PO lens 804 is operable to image a crisp (or clear) image of the scene onto the image sensor 806. In the PO state, the height (“HC”) of the camera housing 809 is defined by TTL and mechanical “penalty (“p”), HC = TTL + p, where p can be in the range of 0.5 mm to 5 mm. A lower HC is advantageous for use in thin mobile devices such as smartphones. Here and below, HC, TTL, and p are measured along the z-axis.

[0091] Figure 8B shows the FP 800 in a folded state. In the folded state, the internal passive POC 802 is in a retracted state. In the retracted state, the passive POC's c-TTL < TTL, and it is not in an active state as a camera. The deployment action that switches between the folded state (Figure 8B) and the unfolded state (Figure 8A) is indicated by arrow 824. The folding action that switches between the partially unfolded state (Figure 8A) and the folded state (Figure 8B) is indicated by arrow 826. The deployment and folding actions are usually performed manually by the user. The height ("H") of the first wing 812 and the second wing 818 is shown in the figure. The first wing 812 includes a regular area with height ("H") and a bump area with an increased height H + B, where "B" is the height of the bump. The bump area protrudes from the first inner side 816. An internal passive camera housing 802 is integrated in the protruding region and receives light from the scene facing the first inner side 816. In the retracted state, the camera housing 809 has a retracted height (“c-HC”) < HC, defined by c-HC = c-TTL + p. c-HC ≤ H, such that there is no camera protrusion in the retracted state. In other examples, a reduced camera protrusion may exist in the retracted state. “Reduced” here means that the camera protrusion has a lower B compared to the PO state. Here and below, H, B, c-HC, and c-TTL are measured along the z-axis.

[0092] Figure 8C shows an enlarged screenshot 830 of the FP 800 in a folded state with the internal passive POC 802 in a collapsed state. Enlarged screenshot 830 shows the passive PO actuator 832 as disclosed herein. The passive PO actuator 832 includes a spring 834. At its upper end, the spring 834 is fixedly attached to a first outer side 814, or more generally to a component included in a first wing 812, which does not move relative to the first wing 812. At its lower end, the spring 834 is fixedly attached to a PO lens barrel including a PO lens 804. In the collapsed state, the spring 834 stores kinetic energy and is operable to provide a spring force as indicated by arrow 836, i.e., the spring 834 is loaded. When the user unfolds the FP 800, the spring 834 relaxes and the spring force actuates (or “pops out”) the internal passive POC 802, i.e., the internal passive POC 802 is switched to the PO state. When the user folds the FP 800, the spring 834 is compressed and loaded, causing the internal passive POC 802 to switch to the retracted state. We note that when the FP 800 is folded by the user, the passive POC 802 simultaneously switches from the PO state to the retracted state. When the FP 800 is unfolded by the user, the passive POC 802 simultaneously switches from the retracted state to the PO state. As is expected of mobile devices (such as FPs), no active actuation is required.

[0093] In some examples, a mechanical spring as shown herein may be used. In other examples, a magnetic spring may be used. A magnetic spring may include a magnet and a yoke, or alternatively, two magnets. Such magnetic springs are described, for example, in the jointly owned international patent applications PCT / IB2022 / 052194 and PCT / IB2023 / 054411.

[0094] Figures 9A to 9B exemplarily illustrate an FP 900 including an external passive POC 902 as disclosed herein. “External” here means that the field of view (FOV) 908 of the passive POC 902 is located on the opposite side of the main screen of the FP 900. The FP 900 includes all the components described in Figures 8A to 9B, except for the different passive POCs. In both the folded and unfolded states of the FP 900, the aperture of the FOV 908 of the external passive POC 902 receives light from the scene. The external passive POC 902 includes a passive PO actuator (Figure 9C), a PO lens 904, and an image sensor 906. The external passive POC 902 is included in a camera housing 909.

[0095] Figure 9A shows the FP 900 in a partially deployed state, with the external passive POC 902 in a PO state. A raised area protrudes from the first outer side 814. The external passive POC 902 is integrated into the raised area and receives light from the scene facing the first outer side 814.

[0096] Figure 9B shows the FP 900 in a folded state, with the external passive POC in a retracted state.

[0097] Figure 9C shows an enlarged screenshot 930 of the FP 900 in a folded state with the external passive POC 902 in a retracted state. The enlarged screenshot 930 shows the passive PO actuator 932 as disclosed herein, which includes a magnetic spring 940. The magnetic spring 940 includes a first magnet 942 fixedly attached to a PO lens barrel including a PO lens 804 and a second magnet 944 fixedly attached to a second wing 818. The first magnet 942 and the second magnet 944 are selected and oriented such that they attract each other. In the retracted state, the first magnet 942 and the second magnet 944 are brought close to each other to store magnetic energy, and the magnetic spring 940 is operable to provide a magnetic spring force as indicated by arrow 946. The magnetic spring force retracts the external passive POC 902. When the user unfolds the FP 900, the magnetic spring 940 relaxes and no magnetic spring force is provided. Another spring included in the external passive POC 902 provides spring force to pop out the external passive POC 902, that is, the external passive POC 902 is switched to the PO state. The first magnet 942 and the second magnet 944 are separated from each other. When the user folds the FP 900, the first magnet 942 and the second magnet 944 are brought closer together again, and the external passive POC 902 is switched to the retracted state. We note that when the FP 900 is folded by the user, the external passive POC 902 simultaneously switches from the PO state to the retracted state. When the FP 900 is unfolded by the user, the external passive POC 902 simultaneously switches from the retracted state to the PO state. As is expected of mobile devices (such as FPs), no active actuation is required.

[0098] Figures 10A to 10B exemplarily illustrate an FP 1000 including an external passive POC 1002 as disclosed herein. The FP 1000 includes all the components described in Figures 8A to 8B, except for the different passive POCs. The external passive POC 1002 includes a passive PO actuator 1010, a PO lens 1004, and an image sensor 1006 as disclosed herein, and is included in a camera housing 1009.

[0099] Figure 10A shows the FP 1000 in a partially deployed state, and the passive POC 1002 in the PO state.

[0100] Figure 10B shows the FP 1000 in a folded state, with the passive POC in a retracted state. A raised area protrudes from the first outer side 814. The external passive POC 1002 is integrated in the raised area and receives light from the scene facing the first outer side 814. The PO actuator 1010 includes O gears (here, O=3), a first gear 1012, a second gear 1014, and a third gear 1016. The PO actuator 1010 is located at or near the hinge axis 810. For example, the PO actuator 1010 may be located at a distance of up to 25 mm from the hinge axis 810. In fact, the external passive POC 1002 is also located relatively close to the hinge axis 810. For example, the POC 1002 may be located at a distance of up to 50 mm from the hinge axis 810. The PO actuator 1010 uses actions such as unfolding (indicated by arrow 824) or folding (indicated by arrow 826) to switch the external passive POC 1002 from the PO state to the retracted state (indicated by arrow 1018) and vice versa. That is, the PO actuator 1010 converts the rotational unfolding or folding movement of the first wing 812 and the second wing 818 about the hinge axis 810 into linear movement along the z-axis of the PO barrel including the PO lens 804 and relative to the image sensor 806. We note that when the FP 1000 is folded by the user, the external passive POC 1002 simultaneously switches from the PO state to the retracted state. When the FP 1000 is unfolded by the user, the external passive POC 1002 simultaneously switches from the retracted state to the PO state. As is expected of mobile devices (e.g., FPs), active actuation is not required.

[0101] Figures 11A and 11B exemplarily illustrate an FP 1100 including an external passive POC 1102 as disclosed herein. Figure 11A shows the FP 1100 in a partially unfolded state, with the external passive POC 1102 in a PO state. The FP 1100 includes all the components described in Figures 8A and 8B, except for the different passive POC. The external passive POC 1102 receives light from a scene facing a first outer side 814. In the PO state, the external passive POC 1102 can operate as a folding camera known in the art. The external passive POC 1102 includes a passive PO actuator (not shown), a lens 1104, a mirror 1108, an image sensor 1106, and is included in a camera housing 1109. The external passive POC 1102 is operable to receive light along a first optical path (“OP1”) parallel to the z-axis. The OA of lens 1104 is parallel to OP1. In the PO state, mirror 1108 is oriented at an angle of approximately 45 degrees relative to the z-axis, such that reflected light propagates along a second optical path (“OP2”) parallel to the z-axis toward image sensor 1106. Lens 1104 is located on the object side of mirror 1108, which provides a relatively low f / # for a given camera height, advantageous for use in mobile devices (e.g., FPs). Such cameras are described, for example, in the co-owned international patent application PCT / IB2022 / 055745. In the PO state, camera housing 1109 has a first raised (“module”) region including PO lens 1104 and mirror 1108, and a second (“shoulder”) region including image sensor 1106. The minimum module height (“MHM”) of the module region is defined by the sum of TL, the height of mirror 1108, and the air gap (approximately 0.1 mm to 2.5 mm) between PO lens 1104 and mirror 1108. The height (“HM”) of the module area of ​​the camera housing 1009, measured along the z-axis, is defined by MHM and mechanical “penalty” (“p”), where HM = MHM + p, and p can be in the range of 0.5mm to 5mm. The minimum shoulder height (“MHS”) of the shoulder area is < MHM, defined by the height of the image sensor 1106, measured along the z-axis. The height (“HS”) of the shoulder area of ​​the camera housing 1009, measured along the z-axis, is defined by MHS and mechanical “penalty” (“p”), where HS = MHS + p, and p can be in the range of 0.5mm to 5mm. Lower HM and lower HS are advantageous for use in thin mobile devices (e.g., smartphones). Because HS < HM, the shoulder area can be integrated into a conventional area of ​​height H. Only the module area is integrated into the raised area.In other words, the external passive POC 1102 is only partially integrated into the raised area, which is advantageous for achieving a relatively small raised area. Here and below, height, air gap, MHM, HM, MHS, HS, and p are measured along the z-axis.

[0102] Figure 11B shows the FP 1100 in its folded state, with the external passive POC 1102 in its retracted state. To switch from the PO state to the retracted state, the PO lens 1104 moves linearly toward the second wing 818. The mirror 1108 rotates about 45 degrees about an axis perpendicular to OP1 and OP2, making an angle of about 0 degrees with the y-axis. Furthermore, the mirror also moves linearly toward the second wing 818. The term "about" here refers, for example, to a change of ±10 degrees or ±5 degrees. The corresponding movement causes MHM to retract to c-MHM < MHM, and HM to retract to c-HM < HM, given by c-HM = c-MHM + p. c-HM ≤ H, so a camera protrusion is not required in the retracted state. MHS remains unchanged. For driving the movement of the PO lens 1104 and the reflector 1108 respectively, the external passive POC 1102 may include a passive PO actuator, such as a passive PO actuator 932 (Figure 9C) including a magnetic spring, or it may include a passive PO actuator, such as a passive PO actuator 1010 (Figures 10A-10B) including multiple gears.

[0103] Figure 12 illustrates an SMA actuator 1200 as disclosed herein. The SMA actuator 1200 is operable (or “more than”) a relatively large number of cycles (e.g., see below) and is used in a camera of a mobile device, such as a smartphone. The SMA actuator 1200 includes a moving element 1202 operable to move relative to a mobile device including the moving element 1202, for example, to switch a POC from a PO state to a retracted state and vice versa, to focus a lens, or to move a lens or image sensor for optical image stabilization (OIS). The moving element 1202 includes P tracks 1210 (here, P = 4), a first track 1212, a second track 1214, a third track 1216, and a fourth track 1218. SMA actuator 1200 includes P SMA traces 1220 (here, P = 4), a first SMA trace 1222, a second SMA trace 1224, a third SMA trace 1226, and a fourth SMA trace 1228. Each of the P SMA traces 1220 is located in and guided by one of the P tracks 1210. A preloaded force is applied between the P SMA traces 1220 and the P tracks 1210 to prevent the P SMA traces 1220 from separating from (or "derailing") the moving element 1202. SMA actuator 1200 also includes a first P crimps 1230 and a second P crimps 1232. That is, in total, SMA actuator 1200 includes 2P crimps. As shown in the figure, each of the first P coiled portions 1230 and the second P coiled portions 1232 is fixedly attached to one end of each SMA trace included in the P SMA traces 1220. The coiled portions provide mechanical and electrical connections. In other examples, the P tracks and P SMA traces may each comprise P = 2 to 25.

[0104] The movement of the moving element 1202 can be a rotational movement along a rotation axis 1204 parallel to the z-axis. The rotation axis 1204 can be located at the center of the moving element 1202. In other examples, the movement of the moving element 1202 can be a linear movement in the xy plane, as indicated by arrow 1206. To actuate such linear or rotational movement, the SMA actuator 1200 can be operated to drive current through one of the P SMA traces 1220. That is, during actuation, only one of the P SMA traces 1220 is operated. In other words, the SMA actuator 1200 operates the P SMA traces 1220 continuously. For example, during a first time period, only the first SMA trace 1222 is operated, during a second time period, only the second SMA trace 1224 is operated, during a third time period, only the third SMA trace 1226 is operated, and during a fourth time period, only the fourth SMA trace 1228 is operated. This can be beneficial for extending (or increasing) the number of operation cycles of the SMA actuator 1200. For example, a single SMA trace can operate for M cycles under load, but the specifications of the SMA actuator may require operation for more than P × M cycles. By operating P SMA traces consecutively as described above, the specification of P × M cycles can be met. For example, a single SMA trace (e.g., the first SMA trace 1222) can operate for M = 25,000 cycles under load, but the specifications of the SMA actuator 1200 may require operation for more than 4 × M = 100,000 cycles. By operating four SMA traces 1220 consecutively as described above, the specification of 100,000 cycles can be met. In this example, the relatively large number of cycles is 100,000 cycles. In other examples, the relatively large number of cycles can range from 5,000 cycles to 500,000 cycles.

[0105] Although this disclosure is described based on certain examples and generally related methods, changes and substitutions to the examples and methods will be apparent to those skilled in the art. This disclosure should be understood not to be limited to the specific examples described herein, but only to the scope of the appended invention claims.

[0106] It should be understood that, for clarity, certain features of the subject matter of the currently disclosed content described in the context of a single example may also be provided in combination within a single example. Conversely, for brevity, various features of the subject matter of the currently disclosed content described in the context of a single example may also be provided individually or in any suitable sub-combination.

[0107] Unless otherwise stated, the use of “and / or” between the last two members of the list of options indicates that the selection of one or more of the listed options is appropriate and can be accomplished.

[0108] It should be understood that when the invention application patent claims or specification mentions the element “a” or “an”, such mention should not be interpreted as the existence of only one of the elements.

[0109] All patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety to the same extent that each individual patent or patent application is expressly and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. Furthermore, any reference or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to this disclosure. [Simplified Explanation of the Diagram]

[0018] The following description, with reference to the figures listed after this paragraph, is a non-limiting example of the instances disclosed herein. Identical structures, elements, or parts appearing in multiple figures are generally labeled with the same numbers in all the figures in which they appear. If the same element is shown but numbered only in one figure, it is assumed that they have the same numbering in all the figures in which they appear. The figures and descriptions are intended to illustrate and explain the instances disclosed herein and should not be construed as limiting in any way. In the figures:

[0019] Figure 1A schematically illustrates the definitions of various entities such as TTL and EFL;

[0020] Figure 1B illustrates the definitions of FOV, EFL, and S for approximate or equivalent thin lenses;

[0021] Figure 1C schematically shows a mobile device including a known PO camera ("POC") in a first state ("contracted state");

[0022] Figure 1D schematically shows the action device of Figure 1C in the second (pop-up) state;

[0023] Figure 2A schematically shows the PO optical lens system disclosed herein in a PO state focused to infinity;

[0024] Figure 2B schematically shows the PO system of Figure 2A in the mobile device state;

[0025] Figure 2C shows an example of a 1G PO optical lens system, which includes a PO lens disclosed herein in a PO state;

[0026] Figure 2D shows the PO system in Figure 2C in a contracted state;

[0027] Figure 3 shows an example of the 2G PO optical lens system disclosed herein.

[0028] Figure 4 shows another example of the 2G PO optical lens system disclosed herein.

[0029] Figure 5 shows an example of the 1G PO optical lens system disclosed herein.

[0030] Figure 6 shows yet another example of the 2G PO optical lens system disclosed herein.

[0031] Figure 7 shows another example of the 1G PO optical lens system disclosed herein.

[0032] Figure 8A shows a foldable phone in a partially unfolded state and including the passive PO camera disclosed herein in a cross-sectional side view.

[0033] Figure 8B shows the foldable phone in Figure 8A in a folded state in a cross-sectional side view.

[0034] Figure 8C shows an enlarged cross-section of the foldable phone in Figure 8A in a folded state in a cross-sectional side view.

[0035] Figure 9A shows another foldable phone in a partially unfolded state and including the passive PO camera disclosed herein in a cross-sectional side view.

[0036] Figure 9B shows the foldable phone in Figure 9A in a folded state in a cross-sectional side view.

[0037] Figure 9C shows an enlarged cross-section of the foldable phone in Figure 9A in a folded state in a cross-sectional side view.

[0038] Figure 10A shows another foldable phone in a partially unfolded state and including the passive PO camera disclosed herein in a cross-sectional side view.

[0039] Figure 10B shows the foldable phone in Figure 10A in a folded state in a cross-sectional side view.

[0040] Figure 11A shows another foldable phone in a partially unfolded state and including the passive PO camera disclosed herein in a cross-sectional side view.

[0041] Figure 11B shows the foldable phone in Figure 11A in a folded state in a cross-sectional side view.

[0042] Figure 12 shows the shape memory alloy actuator disclosed herein in a perspective view.

Claims

1. A lens system for a compact digital camera, the lens system comprising: An image sensor with a full image sensor diagonal SD; A lens having a field of view (FOV) and comprising N lens elements L1-LN arranged along a lens optical axis OA, the N lens elements starting from an object side toward an image side starting at L1, the N lens elements being divided into two lens groups G1 and G2 separated by a large gap BG, the large gap BG being larger than any other gap between the N lens elements, the lens having a total ejection trajectory length (TTL) in an ejected state and a total retraction trajectory length (c-TTL) in a retracted state, wherein c-TTL < TTL, the lens system being configured to switch from the ejected state to the retracted state by retracting the large gap BG to a retracted large gap c-BG, and vice versa, wherein 20mm ≤ SD ≤ 25mm, TTL / SD ≤ 0.7, f-number f / # < 2.1, and c-TTL / SD ≤ 0.65; All lens elements of G1 together have an effective focal length EFLG1, and all lens elements of G2 together have an effective focal length EFLG2, wherein EFLG1 and EFLG2 have different signs, and the size of EFLG1 and the size of EFLG2 differ from each other by less than 25%.

2. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein N ≥ 9.

3. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein BG > 0.2 × TTL.

4. The lens system according to claim 3, wherein BG > 0.25 × TTL.

5. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein G2 includes two lens elements.

6. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein G2 includes a lens element.

7. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein the field of view (FOV) is greater than 70 degrees.

8. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein the field of view (FOV) is greater than 80 degrees.

9. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein c-TTL / SD < 0.

6.

10. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein c-TTL / SD > 0.

3.

11. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein c-TTL / TTL < 0.

8.

12. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein the f-number f / # ≤ 2.

0.

13. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein L1 is made of glass.

14. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein SD = 21.5mm.

15. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein all lens elements of G1 together have an effective focal length EFLG1, and all lens elements of G2 together have an effective focal length EFLG2, wherein EFLG1 and EFLG2 have different signs, and wherein the size of EFLG1 and the size of EFLG2 differ from each other by less than 5%.

16. The lens system according to claim 2, wherein a sequence of lens power from L1 to L9 is positive-negative-positive-negative-negative-positive-negative-positive-negative.

17. The lens system according to claim 2, wherein a sequence of lens power from L1 to L9 is positive-positive-positive-negative-negative-positive-positive-positive-negative.

18. The lens system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the lens system is included in a pop-up camera, wherein the pop-up camera is included in a smartphone.

Images