Display construct and framing for media projection

Abstract

This document discloses systems, apparatus, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable media related to fixed or movable display structures. These display structures may be at least partially transparent and viewable through them. The display structures may, for example, be configured in a flat matrix using one or more retaining clips.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] [Priority Claim] []

[0002] This application claims claims against the following U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 246,770, filed September 21, 2021, entitled "DISPLAY CONSTRUCT FOR MEDIA PROJECTION AND WIRELESS CHARGING"; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 212,483, filed June 18, 2021, entitled "DISPLAY CONSTRUCT FOR MEDIA PROJECTION AND WIRELESS CHARGING"; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 170,245, filed April 2, 2021, entitled "DISPLAY CONSTRUCT FOR MEDIA PROJECTION AND WIRELESS CHARGING"; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 170,245, filed February 26, 2021, entitled "DISPLAY CONSTRUCT FOR MEDIA PROJECTION AND WIRELESS". Priority claims to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 154,352 entitled “CHARGING”, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 115,842 entitled “DISPLAY CONSTRUCT FOR MEDIA PROJECTION” filed November 19, 2020, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 211,400 entitled “DISPLAY CONSTRUCT AND FRAMING FOR MEDIA PROJECTION” filed June 16, 2021, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 135,021 entitled “CONFIGURATION OF MEDIA DISPLAY IN A FACILITY” filed January 8, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 247,684 entitled “CONFIGURATION ASSOCIATED WITH MEDIA DISPLAY IN A FACILITY” filed September 23, 2021. This application also claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 115,842, filed November 19, 2020, entitled “DISPLAY CONSTRUCT FOR MEDIA PROJECTION”, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 154,352, filed February 26, 2021, entitled “DISPLAY CONSTRUCT FOR MEDIA PROJECTION AND WIRELESS CHARGING”.This application claims priority to a portion of International Patent Application No. PCT / US20 / 53641, filed September 30, 2020, entitled "TANDEM VISION WINDOW AND MEDIA DISPLAY," which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 911,271, filed October 5, 2019, entitled "TANDEM VISION WINDOW AND TRANSPARENT DISPLAY," U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 952,207, filed December 20, 2019, entitled "TANDEM VISION WINDOW AND TRANSPARENT DISPLAY," U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 975,706, filed February 12, 2020, entitled "TANDEM VISION WINDOW AND MEDIA DISPLAY," and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 975,706, filed September 30, 2020, entitled "TANDEM..." Priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 085,254, "VISION WINDOW AND MEDIA DISPLAY".International Patent Application No. PCT / US20 / 53641 is also a partial continuation of U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 950,774, filed November 17, 2020, entitled "DISPLAYS FOR TINTABLE WINDOWS". This U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 608,157, filed October 24, 2019, entitled "DISPLAYS FOR TINTABLE WINDOWS", is a partial continuation of U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 608,157, filed October 24, 2019, entitled "DISPLAYS FOR TINTABLE WINDOWS". This U.S. Patent Application No. PCT / US18 / 29476, filed April 25, 2018, entitled "DISPLAYS FOR TINTABLE WINDOWS", is a national entry of International Patent Application No. PCT / US18 / 29476, entitled "DISPLAYS FOR TINTABLE WINDOWS". This international patent application claims to (i) ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS WITH TRANSPARENT DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY, filed December 19, 2017. (i) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 607,618 entitled "FIELD", (ii) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 523,606 entitled "ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS WITH TRANSPARENT DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY" filed June 22, 2017, (iii) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 507,704 entitled "ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS WITH TRANSPARENT DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY" filed May 17, 2017, (iv) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 506,514 entitled "ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS WITH TRANSPARENT DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY" filed May 15, 2017, and (v) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 506,514 entitled "ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS WITH TRANSPARENT DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY" filed April 26, 2017, and (v) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 607,618 entitled "ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS WITH TRANSPARENT DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY". Priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 490,457, "Dispatch Technology".International Patent Application No. PCT / US20 / 53641 is also a partial continuation of U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 083,128, filed on October 28, 2020, entitled "BUILDING NETWORK," which in turn is a continuation of U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 664,089, filed on October 25, 2019, entitled "BUILDING NETWORK," which in turn is a continuation of U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 664,089, filed on May 2, 2019, entitled "EDGE NETWORK FOR BUILDING." The international patent application for “SERVICES”, PCT / US19 / 30467, claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 666,033, filed May 2, 2018. U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 083,128 is also a partial continuation of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. PCT / US18 / 29460, filed April 25, 2018, entitled “TINTABLE WINDOW SYSTEM FOR BUILDING SERVICES”. This international patent application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 62 / 607,618, 62 / 523,606, 62 / 507,704, 62 / 506,514, and 62 / 490,457. International Patent Application No. PCT / US20 / 53641 is also a continuation of U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 081,809, filed on October 27, 2020, entitled "TINTABLE WINDOW SYSTEM COMPUTING PLATFORM". This U.S. patent application is a continuation of U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 608,159, filed on October 24, 2019, entitled "TINTABLE WINDOW SYSTEM COMPUTING PLATFORM". This U.S. patent application is a continuation of U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 608,159, filed on April 25, 2018, entitled "TINTABLE WINDOW SYSTEM COMPUTING PLATFORM". The international patent application for "PLATFORM" (PCT / US18 / 29406) claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Applications No. 62 / 607,618, 62 / 523,606, 62 / 507,704, 62 / 506,514, and 62 / 490,457. Each of the foregoing patent documents is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This invention relates to a display structure and frame for media projection. Prior Technology

[0003] Various facilities (e.g., buildings) have windows installed, for example, in their facades. Windows provide a way to view the external environment of the facility. In some facilities, windows may occupy a significant portion of the facility's facade. Users may request to use window surface areas to view various media (e.g., for entertainment, data processing, and / or video conferencing). Sometimes, users may want to optimize the use of interior space to make media visible (e.g., by using window surfaces). The media may be electronic and / or optical. Users may request to view the media with minimal impact on visibility through the window. The media may be displayed via a display that is at least partially transparent. Sometimes, viewing the media may require a tinted (e.g., darker) backlight. Sometimes, users may want to shade their interior environment. Sometimes, the lifespan of media displays (e.g., OLED displays) may be impaired over time, for example, due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, heat, and atmospheric composition. Such damage can shorten the long-term use of media displays. Sometimes, users may want to use overlays, augmented reality, and / or lighting to enhance the external view. In some configurations, it is advantageous to have and view via architectural elements (e.g., when media is not displayed and / or when media is displayed), which facilitates (e.g., simultaneous) viewing of two (e.g., identical or different) media displayed on opposite sides of the architectural element (e.g., structure). In some configurations, it is advantageous to move the display structure (e.g., during its operation and / or when the display structure is inoperable). This invention provides a solution to this and other problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In one embodiment, this document discloses a display configuration coupled to a window (e.g., a viewing window, such as a tinted window). The viewing window may or may not include an integrated glass unit. The display configuration may include one or more glass panes. The display may include at least one display matrix. The display matrix may include, for example, at least partially transparent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (e.g., a TOLED display configuration). The display may include a liquid crystal display (LCD).

[0005] In one embodiment, a display configuration is disclosed herein, comprising an intermediate support structure and at least one pair of display matrices displaying media on opposite sides of the support structure supporting the at least one pair of display matrices. The support structure and display matrices may be at least partially transparent to visible light. The display configuration may be mounted in a frame coupled to a railing, thus facilitating its (e.g., lateral) mobility. The frame may be configured to accommodate one or more circuit boards facilitating the display of media on the display matrices.

[0006] In another example, this paper reveals the application of reinforcement to any lamination defects, for example, in the rim of a display structure.

[0007] In another embodiment, an apparatus for aligning media displays in a matrix of media displays includes: a retaining clip configured to (i) mount to a first media display and a second media display, (ii) facilitate alignment of the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane, (iii) maintain or substantially maintain the relative position of the first media display and the second media display during engagement of the retaining clip with the first media display and the second media display, and (iv) be disposed adjacent to a first end of the first media display and a second end of the second media display, wherein the first media display is disposed adjacent to the second media display in the matrix of media displays.

[0008] In some embodiments, the retaining clip is configured to retain or substantially retain the relative positions of the first media display, the second media display, and the support structure coupled to the first and second media displays during engagement of the retaining clip with the first and second media displays. In some embodiments, the retaining clip is configured to be removably mounted to the first and second media displays. In some embodiments, the first media display is adjacent to the second media display without any other media display disposed between them. In some embodiments, the retaining clip is configured to be removably mounted to the first and second media displays at least partially by being configured to engage and disengage with the first and second media displays. In some embodiments, the retaining clip is configured to be removably mounted to the first media display (a) via a first frame of the first media display and (b) via a second frame of the second media display. In some embodiments, the first media display is coupled to one side of a support panel on a first side of the first media display opposite to the first end, wherein the second media display is coupled to that side of the support panel on a second side of the second media display opposite to the second end. In some embodiments, the first media display is coupled to that side of the support panel using a first hinge, wherein the second media display is coupled to that side of the support panel using a second hinge. In some embodiments, the first hinge facilitates rotation of the first media display relative to the support panel about a first hinge engagement, and wherein the second hinge facilitates rotation of the second media display relative to the support panel about a second hinge engagement. In some embodiments, the retaining clip is configured to impede (e.g., prevent) rotation of the first media display and the second media display when the retaining clip is attached to the first media display and the second media display. In some embodiments, the first media display is coupled to that side of the support panel via a frame of the support panel, wherein the second media display is coupled to that side of the support panel via the frame of the support panel. In some embodiments, the support panel includes a window. In some embodiments, the window is a colorable window. In some embodiments, the colorable window and the media displays are configured to be controlled by a control system. In some embodiments, at least one of the media displays is configured to be communicatively coupled to one or more controllers, which are configured to control the display of (e.g., electronic and / or digital) media on the at least one of the media displays, and the one or more controllers are included in the control system. In some embodiments, at least one of the media displays is configured to be communicatively coupled to a first controller of the control system, and the colorable window is configured to be communicatively coupled to a second controller of the control system.In some embodiments, at least one of the media displays is configured to be communicatively coupled to a first controller of the control system, the first controller being housed within the window frame housing of the colorable window. In some embodiments, the control system is a hierarchical control system. In some embodiments, the control system (i) includes a distributed network of controllers, (ii) is configured to control different devices of the facility other than the device itself, (iii) is configured to control communications associated with the facility, and / or (iv) is configured to control the facility. In some embodiments, the control system is configured to control the facility at least in part by configuring to control (i) the environment of the facility, (ii) the building management system of the facility, and / or (iii) the presence of people in the facility. In some embodiments, communications associated with the facility include educational, entertainment, safety, health, work, greetings, scheduling, and / or other informational communications. In some embodiments, the different devices include one or more sensors, one or more transmitters, one or more transceivers, or one or more colorable windows. In some embodiments, one or more sensors include environmental sensors. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors include a temperature sensor, a volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor, a particulate matter sensor, a gas sensor, a pressure sensor, an accelerometer, a sound sensor, or an electromagnetic sensor. In some embodiments, the one or more transmitters include lighting, a heater, a cooler, a fan, a speaker, a chemical emitter, a heating, cooling, and ventilation (HVAC) system, or a media display. In some embodiments, the one or more transceivers include a radio or an antenna. In some embodiments, the antenna includes radar, a distributed antenna system (DAS), or a small cell. In some embodiments, the antenna is configured for cellular communication using at least third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), or fifth-generation (5G) cellular communication protocols. In some embodiments, the one or more colorable windows include electrochromic windows. In some embodiments, the colorable windows and the media display are operatively coupled to a network. In some embodiments, the network is configured to communicatively couple to a building management system. In some embodiments, the network is configured to facilitate environmental adaptation of the facility. In some embodiments, the colorable windows and the media display are configured to receive power from the network. In some embodiments, a portion of the network is contained within the facility and a second portion of the network is located remotely from the facility. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the network is housed within an enclosure of the facility, wherein the enclosure may include a building. In some embodiments, the network includes a first network installed within the facility. In some embodiments, the network is configured to transmit communication and power over a single cable. In some embodiments, the network is configured to transmit different types of communication over a single cable. In some embodiments, the different types of communication include control signals, cellular signals, sensor data, video, images, sound, or another data type.In some embodiments, another data type includes digital or electronic data. In some embodiments, cellular signals conform to at least third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), or fifth-generation (5G) cellular communication protocols. In some embodiments, control signals conform to building automation and control (BAC) protocols. In some embodiments, the network is configured to be operatively coupled to at least one controller. In some embodiments, the network is configured to be operatively coupled to (i) one or more controllers forming a control system, (ii) different devices of the facility other than the device itself, (iii) to transmit communications related to the facility, and / or (iv) to be configured to facilitate control of the facility. In some embodiments, the first media display includes a first pin extending therefrom, the second media display includes a second pin extending therefrom, and the retaining clip is configured to engage with the first pin and the second pin to facilitate (i) alignment of the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane, and / or (ii) maintaining or substantially maintaining the relative position of the first media display and the second media display over time and / or during operation. In some embodiments, the retaining clip is configured to couple to an inner frame portion including (i) a first arm extending across the window in a first direction and secured to the window frame system; (ii) a second arm extending substantially perpendicular to the first direction in a second direction, the second arm extending across the media display matrix and configured to secure the media display to the window frame system; and (iii) a joint that secures the first arm to the second arm and removably secures the retaining clip to the inner frame portion disposed between the first media display and the second media display. In some embodiments, the retaining clip includes (i) a first leg configured to align the first media display and the second media display in a coplanar or substantially coplanar plane, wherein the first media display is coupled to the first leg on a first side of the first media display opposite the first end, and wherein the second media display is coupled to the first leg on a second side of the second media display opposite the second end; and (ii) a second leg extending substantially perpendicular to the first leg from the engagement and configured to facilitate the installation of the retaining clip. In some embodiments, the second leg is configured to allow minimal movement of the first media display relative to the second media display or to prevent such movement after engagement. In some embodiments, the inner frame portion includes a semi-permeable material, which is (a) between the first arm and (i) the first media display, (ii) the second media display, or (iii) both the first media display and the second media display, and / or (b) between the second arm and (i) the first media display, (ii) the second media display, or (iii) both the first media display and the second media display.In some embodiments, the semi-permeable material has a thickness to fill the gaps between the first arm and the first media display, the first arm and the second media display, the second arm and the first media display, and / or the second arm and the second media display. In some embodiments, the semi-permeable material is configured to compress to maintain the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane. In some embodiments, the semi-permeable material comprises foam. In some embodiments, the semi-permeable material is configured to allow airflow through the semi-permeable material. In some embodiments, the retaining clip is configured to engage and, after engagement, support a first pin of the first media display and a second pin of the second media display. In some embodiments, the first pin is configured to protrude from a first frame of the first media display and / or the second pin is configured to protrude from a second frame of the second media display. In some embodiments, the retaining clip is configured to (i) be mounted to the first media display, the second media display, the third media display, and the fourth media display; (ii) facilitate alignment of the first media display, the second media display, the third media display, and the fourth media display in the same or substantially the same plane; (iii) maintain or substantially maintain the relative positions of the first media display, the second media display, the third media display, and the fourth media display during engagement of the retaining clip with the first media display, the second media display, the third media display, and the fourth media display; and (iv) be disposed adjacent to the first end of the first media display, the second end of the second media display, the third end of the third media display, and the fourth end of the fourth media display, wherein in the matrix of media displays, the first media display is disposed adjacent to the second media display, the second media display is disposed adjacent to the third media display, the third media display is disposed adjacent to the fourth media display, and the fourth media display is disposed adjacent to the first media display.In some embodiments, the retaining clip includes (i) a first leg extending from the center of the retaining clip, the first leg being configured to align the first media display and the second media display in a coplanar or substantially coplanar plane, wherein the first media display is coupled to the first leg on a first side of the first media display opposite to the first end, and wherein the second media display is coupled to the first leg on a second side of the second media display opposite to the second end; and (ii) a second leg extending from the center of the retaining clip in a lateral direction opposite to the first leg. The second leg is configured to align the third media display and the fourth media display in the same plane or substantially the same plane, wherein the third media display is coupled to the second leg on a third side of the third media display opposite to a third end of the third media display, and wherein the fourth media display is coupled to the second leg on a fourth side of the fourth media display opposite to a fourth end of the fourth media display; and (iii) a third leg extending substantially perpendicular to the first leg and the second leg, the third leg being configured to facilitate the installation of the retaining clip. In some embodiments, the first leg is configured to allow minimal movement of the first media display relative to the second media display or to prevent such movement after engagement, and / or wherein the second leg is configured to allow minimal movement of the third media display relative to the fourth media display or to prevent such movement after engagement. In some embodiments, the retaining clip is configured to engage and, after engagement, support: a first pin of the first media display, a second pin of the second media display, a third pin of the third media display, and a fourth pin of the fourth media display. In some embodiments, (i) the first pin is configured to protrude from the first frame of the first media display, (ii) the second pin is configured to protrude from the second frame of the second media display, (iii) the third pin is configured to protrude from the third frame of the third media display, and / or (iv) the fourth pin is configured to protrude from the fourth frame of the fourth media display. In some embodiments, the first arm is generally C-shaped. In some embodiments, the first leg includes curvature. In some embodiments, the first arm and the second arm are each generally C-shaped. In some embodiments, the first leg includes curvature and / or the second leg includes curvature. In some embodiments, the engagement includes a boss configured to operably engage the retaining clip to removably secure the retaining clip to the engagement. In some embodiments, the retaining clip includes a fastener extending therethrough, the fastener selectively securing the retaining clip to the engagement. In some embodiments, the inner frame portion includes a reinforcing flange extending from the boss along at least a portion of the engagement.In some embodiments, each of the first media display and the second media display includes a pin extending therefrom, and the retaining clip selectively engages the pins in an operably manner to facilitate alignment of the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane, and to maintain or substantially maintain the relative position of the first media display and the second media display. In some embodiments, the retaining clip includes a fastener extending therethrough, the fastener selectively securing the retaining clip to a window frame system. In some embodiments, the retaining clip is configured to couple to an inner frame portion including (i) a first arm extending across the window and secured to the window frame system, wherein the first arm includes a curvature having an upright flange; and (ii) a semi-permeable material configured to be mounted between the first arm and the first media display, the second media display, or both the first media display and the second media display. In some embodiments, the semi-permeable material includes a thickness to fill the gap between the first arm and (i) the first media display, (ii) the second media display, or (iii) both the first media display and the second media display. In some embodiments, the semi-permeable material is configured to be compressed to maintain the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane. In some embodiments, the semi-permeable material comprises foam. In some embodiments, the semi-permeable material is mounted between upright flanges. In some embodiments, the semi-permeable material is configured to allow airflow through it. In some embodiments, the inner frame portion includes a boss that operably engages a retaining clip to removably secure the retaining clip to the window frame system.

[0009] In another embodiment, a method for aligning media displays of a media display matrix includes: mounting and / or using the retaining clip together with the media displays(a) of the media display matrix of any of the devices disclosed above.

[0010] In another embodiment, a method for aligning media displays of a media display matrix includes: using one of the multiple retaining clips, for example, to align the media display matrix of any of the media displays in the apparatus disclosed above.

[0011] In another embodiment, a method for aligning media displays in a media display matrix includes: mounting a retaining clip together with a first media display and a second media display, the mounting facilitating (i) alignment of the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane; and (ii) maintaining or substantially maintaining the relative position of the first media display and the second media display during engagement of the retaining clip with the first media display and the second media display, the retaining clip being mounted such that it is positioned adjacent to a first end of the first media display and a second end of the second media display, wherein the first media display is positioned adjacent to the second media display in the matrix of media displays.

[0012] In some embodiments, the method further includes engaging the retaining clip with the first media display and the second media display such that the retaining clip maintains or substantially maintains the relative positions of the first media display, the second media display, and the support structure coupled to the first media display and the second media display. In some embodiments, the method further includes placing the first media display adjacent to the second media display without any other media display disposed therebetween. In some embodiments, the method further includes removably mounting the retaining clip to the first media display and the second media display at least partially by engaging and disengaging with the first media display and the second media display. In some embodiments, the method further includes (a) removably mounting the retaining clip to the first media display via a first frame of the first media display and (b) removably mounting the retaining clip to the second media display via a second frame of the second media display. In some embodiments, the method further includes coupling the first media display to one side of the support panel on a first side of the first media display opposite to the first end, and coupling the second media display to that side of the support panel on a second side of the second media display opposite to the second end. In some embodiments, the method further includes coupling the first media display to one side of the support panel using a first hinge, and coupling the second media display to one side of the support panel using a second hinge. In some embodiments, the method further includes coupling the first media display to one side of the support panel via a frame of the support channel, and coupling the second media display to one side of the support panel via the frame of the support panel. In some embodiments, the support panel includes a window. In some embodiments, the support panel includes a colorable window. In some embodiments, the colorable window and the media display are controlled by a control system. In some embodiments, the colorable window and the media display are operatively coupled to a network. In some embodiments, the method further includes extending a first pin from the first media display, extending a second pin from the second media display, and engaging a retaining clip with the first pin and the second pin to facilitate (i) alignment of the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane, and / or (ii) maintaining or substantially maintaining the relative position of the first media display and the second media display over time and / or during operation.In some embodiments, the method further includes coupling the retaining clip to an inner frame portion including (i) a first arm extending across a window in a first direction and secured to a window frame system; (ii) a second arm extending substantially perpendicular to the first direction in a second direction, the second arm extending across the media display matrix and configured to secure the media display to the window frame system; and (iii) a joint that secures the first arm to the second arm and removably secures the retaining clip to the inner frame portion disposed between the first media display and the second media display. In some embodiments, the method further includes (i) aligning the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane by operably engaging a first leg of the retaining clip to a first side of the first media display opposite to the first end and a second side of the second media display opposite to the second end, and (ii) mounting the retaining clip to the joint by operably engaging a second leg extending substantially perpendicular to the first leg to the joint. In some embodiments, the method further includes, after operably engaging the second leg, allowing minimal movement of the first media display relative to the second media display or preventing such movement. In some embodiments, the method further includes disposing a semi-permeable material between (a) the first arm and (i) the first media display, (ii) the second media display, or (iii) both the first and second media displays, and / or (b) the second arm and (i) the first media display, (ii) the second media display, or (iii) both the first and second media displays. In some embodiments, the method further includes filling the gaps between (i) the first arm and the first media display, (ii) the first arm and the second media display, (iii) the second arm and the first media display, and / or (iv) the second arm and the second media display using the semi-permeable material. In some embodiments, the method further includes compressing the semi-permeable material to maintain the first and second media displays in the same or substantially the same plane. In some embodiments, the semi-permeable material comprises foam. In some embodiments, the method further includes allowing airflow through the semi-permeable material. In some embodiments, the method further includes engaging and supporting a first pin of the first media display and a second pin of the second media display after engaging the retaining clip. In some embodiments, the method further includes protruding the first pin from a first frame of the first media display and / or protruding the second pin from a second frame of the second media display.In some embodiments, the method further includes (i) mounting the retaining clip to the first media display, the second media display, the third media display, and the fourth media display; (ii) facilitating alignment of the first media display, the second media display, the third media display, and the fourth media display in the same or substantially the same plane; (iii) maintaining or substantially maintaining the relative positions of the first media display, the second media display, the third media display, and the fourth media display during engagement of the retaining clip with the first media display, the second media display, the third media display, and the fourth media display; and (iv) being disposed adjacent to the first end of the first media display, the second end of the second media display, the third end of the third media display, and the fourth end of the fourth media display, wherein in the matrix of media displays, the first media display is disposed adjacent to the second media display, the second media display is disposed adjacent to the third media display, the third media display is disposed adjacent to the fourth media display, and the fourth media display is disposed adjacent to the first media display. In some embodiments, the retaining clip includes a first leg extending from the center of the retaining clip, a second leg extending from the center of the retaining clip in a lateral direction opposite to the first leg, and a third leg extending substantially perpendicular to the first leg. The method further includes (i) aligning the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane by coupling the first media display to the first leg on a first side of the first media display opposite to the first end and coupling the second media display to the first leg on a second side of the second media display opposite to the second end; (ii) aligning the third media display and the fourth media display in the same or substantially the same plane by coupling the third media display to the second leg on a third side of the third media display opposite to the third end of the third media display and coupling the fourth media display to the second leg on a fourth side of the fourth media display opposite to the fourth end of the fourth media display; and (iii) facilitating the installation of the retaining clip together with the third leg. In some embodiments, the method further includes allowing minimal movement of the first media display relative to the second media display or preventing such movement after engagement of the first leg, and / or allowing minimal movement of the third media display relative to the fourth media display or preventing such movement after engagement of the second leg. In some embodiments, the method further includes engaging and supporting a first pin of the first media display, a second pin of the second media display, a third pin of the third media display, and a fourth pin of the fourth media display after engagement of the retaining clip.In some embodiments, the method further includes (i) protruding the first pin from the first frame of the first media display, (ii) protruding the second pin from the second frame of the second media display, (iii) protruding the third pin from the third frame of the third media display, and / or (iv) protruding the fourth pin from the fourth frame of the fourth media display. In some embodiments, the first arm is generally C-shaped. In some embodiments, the first leg includes curvature. In some embodiments, the first arm and the second arm are each generally C-shaped. In some embodiments, the first leg includes curvature and / or the second leg includes curvature. In some embodiments, the retaining clip is operably engaged to a boss of the engagement portion, and the retaining clip is removably fastened to the engagement portion. In some embodiments, the method further includes extending a fastener through the retaining clip and selectively fastening the retaining clip to the engagement portion. In some embodiments, the inner frame portion includes a reinforcing flange extending from the boss along at least a portion of the engagement portion. In some embodiments, the method further includes extending a first pin from the first media display and a second pin from the second media display, operably engaging the first pin and the second pin with the retaining clip to facilitate alignment of the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane, and to maintain or substantially maintain the relative position of the first media display and the second media display. In some embodiments, the method further includes extending a fastener through the retaining clip and selectively fastening the retaining clip to the window frame system using the fastener. In some embodiments, the method further includes (i) coupling the retaining clip to an inner frame portion including a first arm extending across the window and fastened to the window frame system, wherein the first arm includes a curvature having an upright flange; and (ii) disposing a semi-permeable material between the first arm and the first media display, the second media display, or both the first media display and the second media display. In some embodiments, the semi-permeable material is used to fill the gap between the first arm and (i) the first media display, (ii) the second media display, or (iii) both the first media display and the second media display. In some embodiments, the method further includes compressing the semi-permeable material to maintain the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane. In some embodiments, the semi-permeable material comprises foam. In some embodiments, the method further includes mounting the semi-permeable material between upright flanges. In some embodiments, the method further includes allowing airflow through the semi-permeable material. In some embodiments, the method further includes operably engaging the retaining clip with a boss that is part of the inner frame portion to removably secure the retaining clip to the window frame system.

[0013] In some embodiments, the network is a local area network. In some embodiments, the network includes cables configured to transmit power and communication over a single cable. The communication may be one or more types of communication. The communication may include cellular communication that complies with at least second-generation (2G), third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), or fifth-generation (5G) cellular communication protocols. In some embodiments, the communication includes media communication that facilitates the streaming of still images, music, or animation (e.g., movies or videos). In some embodiments, the communication includes data communication (e.g., sensor data). In some embodiments, the communication includes control communication, such as controlling one or more nodes operatively coupled to the network. In some embodiments, the network includes a first (e.g., cabling) network installed within a facility. In some embodiments, the network includes a (e.g., cabling) network installed within the envelope of the facility (e.g., within the envelope of buildings within the facility).

[0014] In another embodiment, the present invention provides systems, apparatus (e.g., controllers) and / or non-transitory computer-readable media (e.g., software) for implementing any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0015] In another embodiment, the present invention provides methods for using any of the systems, computer-readable media and / or devices disclosed herein, for example for their intended purposes.

[0016] In another embodiment, a device includes at least one controller programmed to direct an apparatus for implementing (e.g., performing) any of the methods disclosed herein, the controller being configured to be operatively coupled to the apparatus. In some embodiments, at least two operations (e.g., of the methods) are directed / executed by the same controller. In some embodiments, at least two operations are directed / executed by different controllers.

[0017] In another embodiment, an apparatus includes at least one controller configured (e.g., programmed) to implement (e.g., perform) any of the methods disclosed herein. At least one controller may implement any of the methods disclosed herein. In some embodiments, at least two operations (e.g., of the methods) are directed / executed by the same controller. In some embodiments, at least two operations are directed / executed by different controllers.

[0018] In some embodiments, one of the at least one controllers is configured to perform two or more operations. In some embodiments, two different controllers of the at least one controller are configured to each perform different operations.

[0019] In another embodiment, a system includes at least one controller programmed to direct the operation of at least one other device (or a component thereof) and the device (or its component thereof), wherein the at least one controller is operatively coupled to the device (or its component thereof). The device (or its component thereof) may include any device (or its component thereof) disclosed herein. At least one controller may be configured to direct any device (or its component thereof) disclosed herein. At least one controller may be configured to be operatively coupled to any device (or its component thereof) disclosed herein. In some embodiments, at least two operations of a device are directed by the same controller. In some embodiments, at least two operations are directed by different controllers.

[0020] In another embodiment, a computer software product (e.g., recorded on one or more non-transitory media) stores program instructions that, when read by at least one processor (e.g., a computer), cause the at least one processor to instruct the apparatus disclosed herein to perform (e.g., execute) any of the methods disclosed herein, wherein the at least one processor is configured to be operatively coupled to the apparatus. The apparatus may include any device (or any component thereof) disclosed herein. In some embodiments, at least two operations (e.g., of a device) are directed / executed by the same processor. In some embodiments, at least two operations are directed / executed by different processors.

[0021] In another embodiment, the present invention provides non-transitory computer-readable program instructions comprising machine-executable program code (e.g., included in a program product comprising one or more non-transitory media), which, when executed by one or more processors, implement any of the methods disclosed herein. In some embodiments, (e.g., of the methods) at least two operations are directed / executed by the same processor. In some embodiments, at least two operations are directed / executed by different processors.

[0022] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more processors, implements the guidance of (a plurality of) controllers (e.g., as disclosed herein). In some embodiments, at least two operations of the controllers are directed / executed by the same processor. In some embodiments, at least two operations are directed / executed by different processors.

[0023] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a computer system comprising one or more computer processors and a non-transitory computer-readable medium coupled thereto. The non-transitory computer-readable medium contains machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more processors, implements any of the methods disclosed herein and / or provides guidance to the controller(s) disclosed herein.

[0024] In another embodiment, the present invention provides non-transitory computer-readable program instructions that, when read by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform any operation of the methods disclosed herein, any operation performed (or configured to be performed) by the device disclosed herein, and / or any operation directed (or configured to be directed) by the device disclosed herein.

[0025] In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are executed by one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each executed by different processors of one or more processors.

[0026] In another embodiment, the invention provides a network configured to transmit any communication (e.g., signals) and / or (e.g., electrical) power that facilitates any of the operations disclosed herein. Communication may include control communication, cellular communication, media communication, and / or data communication. Data communication may include sensor data communication and / or processed data communication. The network may be configured to comply with one or more protocols that facilitate this communication. For example, the communication protocol used by the network (e.g., with a BMS) may be the Building Automation and Control Network Protocol (BACnet). For example, the communication protocol may facilitate cellular communication that complies with at least a 2nd, 3rd, 4th, or 5th generation cellular communication protocol.

[0027] The contents of this Invention Contents section are provided as a simplified introduction to the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of any invention disclosed herein or the scope of the appended patent applications.

[0028] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following embodiments, wherein only illustrative embodiments of the invention are shown and described. It should be recognized that the invention can have other and different embodiments, and that certain details thereof can be modified in various obvious ways without departing from the invention. Therefore, the drawings and descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive in nature.

[0029] These and other features and embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Incorporated by reference] []

[0030] All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference as if they were specifically and individually instructed to be incorporated by reference. Simple Explanation of the Diagram

[0031] The novel features of this invention are set forth in detail in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of this invention will be obtained by referring to the following illustrative embodiments that utilize the principles of the invention and the accompanying drawings (also referred to herein as "Fig. / Figs."), in which:

[0032] [Figures 1A-1B] illustrate the various window and display structures;

[0033] [Figure 2] schematically shows the structural assembly;

[0034] [Figure 3] schematically shows the structural assembly;

[0035] [Figure 4] schematically illustrates the hinge;

[0036] [Figure 5] schematically shows various fasteners and display assembly structures;

[0037] [Figure 6] Schematic illustration of various fasteners, display assembly, and wiring;

[0038] [Figure 7] schematically shows various fasteners and display assembly;

[0039] [Figure 8] schematically shows various views of the assembly and applicator;

[0040] [Figure 9] schematically shows various views of the structural assembly;

[0041] [Figure 10] schematically illustrates various fastener options and displays the assembly structure;

[0042] [Figure 11] schematically illustrates the various operations involved in the formation of the structural assembly;

[0043] [Figure 12] schematically shows various fasteners and display assembly structures;

[0044] [Figure 13] schematically illustrates the various layers in an electrochromic structure;

[0045] [Figures 14A-B] schematically show various views of the integrated glass unit;

[0046] [Figure 15] schematically illustrates the control hierarchy scheme and buildings;

[0047] [Figure 16] schematically illustrates the processing system;

[0048] [Figure 17] schematically shows the display assembly, controller, and power supply assembly;

[0049] [Figure 18] is a flowchart illustrating an example of the construction operation method;

[0050] [Figure 19] is a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation method used to demonstrate the construction;

[0051] [Figure 20] schematically illustrates the control scheme used to display the structure;

[0052] [Figures 21A-B] schematically illustrate various window and display structures;

[0053] [Figures 22A-B] schematically illustrate various window and display structures;

[0054] [Figure 23] schematically shows various window and display structures;

[0055] [Figure 24] schematically illustrates various window and display structures;

[0056] [Figure 25] schematically illustrates various window and display structures;

[0057] [Figure 26] schematically shows an open (e.g., exploded) view of a box containing the circuit system;

[0058] [Figures 27A-B] schematically show various views of a box containing a circuit system;

[0059] [Figure 28] schematically shows the structure and related components;

[0060] [Figures 29A-D] schematically illustrate various display structures;

[0061] [Figures 30A-B] schematically illustrate various display structures;

[0062] [Figures 31A-B] schematically illustrate various display structures;

[0063] [Figure 32] Schematic illustration of the disassembly (e.g., exploded view) of the box containing the circuit system;

[0064] [Figures 33A-D] schematically show various views of a box containing a circuit system;

[0065] [Figures 34A-E] schematically show various views of a box containing a circuit system;

[0066] [Figure 35] schematically shows various views of the structure and associated components (e.g., parts thereof);

[0067] [Figure 36] schematically shows various views of the structure and associated components (e.g., parts thereof);

[0068] [Figure 37] schematically shows various views of the structure and associated components (e.g., parts thereof);

[0069] [Figure 38] schematically shows various views of the structure and associated components (e.g., parts thereof);

[0070] [Figure 39] schematically shows various views of the structure and associated components (e.g., parts thereof);

[0071] [Figure 40] schematically illustrates various views of parts showing the structure and associated components (e.g., portions thereof);

[0072] [Figure 41] schematically shows various views of the structure and associated components (e.g., parts thereof);

[0073] [Figure 42] schematically shows various views of the structure and related components;

[0074] [Figure 43] schematically shows various views of parts of the fastener and related components;

[0075] [Figure 44] schematically illustrates various window and display structures;

[0076] [Figure 45] A perspective view schematically showing the internal frame portion and retaining clips;

[0077] [Figure 46] A perspective view schematically showing the internal frame portion and retaining clips;

[0078] [Figure 47] A perspective view schematically showing the pins and media display portion;

[0079] [Figure 48] A perspective view schematically showing the media display, the internal frame, and a portion of the retaining clip;

[0080] [Figure 49] A perspective view schematically showing the internal frame portion;

[0081] [Figure 50] A perspective view schematically showing the media display, the internal frame, and a portion of the retaining clip;

[0082] [Figure 51] is a flowchart;

[0083] [Figure 52] is a flowchart;

[0084] [Figures 53A and 53B] schematically show perspective views of the media display, the internal frame, and a portion of the retaining clip;

[0085] [Figures 54A-B] schematically show various perspective views of the media display section, the internal frame section, and the retaining clip; and

[0086] [Figures 55A-B] show the various parts of the structure and related components.

[0087] The diagrams and components described herein may not be drawn to scale. Implementation

[0088] Although various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, modifications, and substitutions will arise in those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed.

[0089] Terms such as "a / an" and "the" are not intended to refer to a single entity, but rather to include general categories for which specific instances may be used to illustrate. The terms used herein are used to describe specific embodiments of the invention(s), but their use does not limit the invention(s).

[0090] Unless otherwise specified, when referring to a range, the range is intended to be inclusive. For example, a range between value 1 and value 2 is intended to be inclusive and includes both value 1 and value 2. An inclusive range will span any value from about value 1 to about value 2. As used herein, the terms "proximate" or "near" include "immediately adjacent," "adjacent," "contact," and "close."

[0091] The terms "operably coupled" or "operably connected" refer to a first element (e.g., a mechanism) coupled (e.g., connected) to a second element to allow intended operation of the second and / or first element. Coupling can include physical or non-physical coupling. Non-physical coupling can include signal-induced coupling (e.g., wireless coupling). Coupling can include physical coupling (e.g., physical connection) or non-physical coupling (e.g., via wireless communication).

[0092] A component (e.g., a mechanism) that is "configured to" perform a function includes structural features that enable the component to perform that function. Structural features may include electrical features, such as circuit systems or circuit elements. Structural features may include circuit systems (e.g., comprising electrical or optical circuit systems). Electrical circuit systems may include one or more wires. Optical circuit systems may include at least one optical element (e.g., a beam splitter, mirror, lens, and / or optical fiber). Structural features may include mechanical features. Mechanical features may include latches, springs, closures, hinges, chassis, supports, fasteners, or cantilever brackets, etc. Performing a function may involve utilizing logic features. Logic features may include programmed instructions. Programmed instructions may be executed by at least one processor. Programmed instructions may be stored or encoded on a medium (e.g., non-transitory) accessible by one or more processors. Additionally, in the following description, the phrases "available to," "adapted to," "configured to," "designed to," "programmed to," or "capable of" may be used interchangeably where appropriate.

[0093] As used herein, including in the claims, the conjunction "and / or" in phrases such as "comprising X, Y, and / or Z" means any combination of X, Y, and Z, or a plural thereof. For example, this phrase is intended to include X. For example, this phrase is intended to include Y. For example, this phrase is intended to include Z. For example, this phrase is intended to include X and Y. For example, this phrase is intended to include X and Z. For example, this phrase is intended to include Y and Z. For example, this phrase is intended to include a plural X. For example, this phrase is intended to include a plural Y. For example, this phrase is intended to include a plural Z. For example, this phrase is intended to include a plural X and a plural Y. For example, this phrase is intended to include a plural X and a plural Z. For example, this phrase is intended to include a plural Y and a plural Z. For example, this phrase intends to include a plural of X and Y. For example, this phrase intends to include a plural of X and Z. For example, this phrase intends to include a plural of Y and Z. For example, this phrase intends to include X and a plural of Y. For example, this phrase intends to include X and a plural of Z. For example, this phrase intends to include Y and a plural of Z. The conjunction "and / or" intends to have the same effect as the phrase "X, Y, Z or any combination thereof or a plural thereof". The conjunction "and / or" intends to have the same effect as the phrase "one or more X, Y, Z or any combination thereof". The conjunction "and / or" intends to have the same effect as the phrase "at least one X, Y, Z or any combination thereof".

[0094] In some embodiments, the display configuration is coupled to a viewing (e.g., colorizable viewing) window. The viewing window may include an integrated glass unit. The display configuration may include one or more glass panes. The display (e.g., a display matrix) may include light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The LEDs may include organic materials (e.g., organic light-emitting diodes, abbreviated herein as "OLED"). The OLED may include a transparent organic light-emitting diode display (abbreviated herein as "TOLED"), which is at least partially transparent. The display may have 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, or 8000 pixels on its basic length scale. The display may have any number of pixels on its basic length scale between the aforementioned number of pixels (e.g., from about 2000 pixels to about 4000 pixels, from about 4000 pixels to about 8000 pixels, or from about 2000 pixels to about 8000 pixels). The basic length scale may include the diameter, length, width, or height of a delimited circle. The basic length scale may be abbreviated as "FLS" in this document. The display architecture may include a high-resolution display. For example, the resolution of the display architecture may be at least approximately 550, 576, 680, 720, 768, 1024, 1080, 1920, 1280, 2160, 3840, 4096, 4320, or 7680 pixels multiplied by at least approximately 550, 576, 680, 720, 768, 1024, 1080, 1280, 1920, 2160, 3840, 4096, 4320, or 7680 pixels (at 30 Hz or 60 Hz). A first number of pixels may specify the height of the display, and a second number of pixels may specify the length of the display. For example, the display may be a high-resolution display with a resolution of 1920 × 1080, 3840 × 2160, 4096 × 2160, or 7680 × 4320. The display may be a standard-definition display, an enhanced-definition display, a high-definition display, or an ultra-high-definition display. The display may be rectangular. The image projected by the display matrix may be reproduced at a frequency (e.g., repetition rate) of at least approximately 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 60 Hz, 70 Hz, 75 Hz, 80 Hz, 100 Hz, or 120 Hz. The FLS of the display configuration may be at least 20”, 25”, 30”, 35”, 40”, 45”, 50”, 55”, 60”, 65”, 80”, or 90”. The FLS constructed to show can have any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from about 20” to about 55”, from about 55” to about 100”, or from about 20” to about 100”).

[0095] In some embodiments, a glass display structure is used to display various media using at least a portion of the window surface in the facility. For example, when the display is not in operation, it can be used (e.g., at least partially) to view the environment outside the window (e.g., the outdoor environment). The display can be used to display media (e.g., as disclosed herein) to augment the external view using (e.g., optical) overlay, augmented reality, and / or illumination (e.g., the display can act as a light source). The media can be used for entertainment and non-entertainment purposes. The media can be used for work (e.g., data analysis, drawing, and / or video conferencing). The media can be manipulated (e.g., by utilizing the display structure). Utilization of the display structure can be direct or indirect. Indirect utilization of the media can be achieved using an input device such as an electronic mouse or keyboard. The input device can be communicatively coupled to the media (e.g., wired and / or wirelessly). Direct utilization can be achieved by using the display structure as a touchscreen for a user (e.g., a finger) or a guiding device (e.g., an electronic pen or stylus). The guiding device can be made of or / or coated with a low-abrasive material (e.g., a polymer). Low-abrasive materials can be configured to facilitate (e.g., repeated) contact with the display structure while minimizing damage (e.g., scratches) to the display structure. Low-abrasive materials may comprise polymers or resins (e.g., plastics). Guidance devices can be passive or active. Active guidance devices can be operatively coupled to the display structure and / or a network. Active guidance devices may include circuitry. Active guidance devices may include a remote controller. Guidance devices can facilitate guidance of operation in relation to media presented via the display structure. Guidance devices can facilitate (e.g., real-time and / or in-situ) interaction with the media presented via the display structure.

[0096] The embodiments described herein relate to a viewing window having a cascaded (e.g., transparent) display construction. In some embodiments, the viewing window is an electrochromic window. An electrochromic window may include solid-state and / or inorganic electrochromic (EC) devices. The viewing window may be in the form of an integrated glass unit (IGU). When an IGU includes an electrochromic (hereinafter abbreviated as "EC") device, it may be referred to as an "EC IGU". Compared to an uncolored IGU, an EC IGU can color (e.g., darken) the room in which it is placed and / or provide a tinted (e.g., darker) background. A tinted IGU can provide a better (e.g., necessary) background to achieve acceptable (e.g., good) contrast in a (e.g., transparent) display construction. In another instance, a window having (e.g., transparent) display construction can replace a television (hereinafter abbreviated as "TV") in commercial and residential applications. In summary, (e.g., transparent) display constructions and EC IGUs can provide visual privacy glass functionality, for example, because the display can amplify the privacy provided solely by EC glass. The embodiments disclosed herein also describe specific methods, apparatus, and systems for mounting a display structure (e.g., a transparent display) to a frame system of a viewing window.

[0097] In various embodiments, the network infrastructure supports a control system for one or more windows, such as color-sensitive (e.g., electrochromic) windows. The control system may include controllers operatively coupled (e.g., directly or indirectly) to one or more windows. Although the disclosed embodiments describe color-sensitive windows (also referred to herein as "optically switchable windows" or "smart windows"), such as electrochromic windows, the concepts disclosed herein are applicable to other types of switchable optical devices, including liquid crystal devices, electrochromic devices, suspended particle devices (SPDs), NanoChromics displays (NCDs), organic electroluminescent displays (OELDs). The display element may be attached to a portion of a transparent body (such as a window). Color-sensitive windows may be installed in (non-temporary) installations such as buildings, and / or in temporary installations (e.g., vehicles) such as automobiles, RVs, buses, trains, airplanes, helicopters, ships, or vessels.

[0098] In some embodiments, a tintable window presents a (e.g., controllable and / or reversible) change in at least one optical property of the window, such as upon application of a stimulus. The change may be continuous. The change may be directed at discrete hue levels (e.g., at least about 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 hue levels). The optical property may include hue or transmittance. Hue may include color. Transmittance may have one or more wavelengths. Wavelengths may include ultraviolet, visible, or infrared wavelengths. The stimulus may include optical, electrical, and / or magnetic stimuli. For example, the stimulus may include the application of voltage and / or current. One or more tintable windows may be used to control lighting and / or glare conditions, for example, by regulating the transmission of solar energy propagating through them. One or more tintable windows may be used to control the temperature inside a building, for example, by regulating the transmission of solar energy propagating through the window. Solar energy control can control the heat load imposed on the interior of an facility (e.g., a building). Control may be manual and / or automatic. Control may be used to maintain one or more requested (e.g., environmental) conditions, such as occupant comfort. Control may include reducing energy consumption of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and / or lighting systems. At least two of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems may be induced by a single system. At least two of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems may be induced by a single system. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be induced by a single system (hereinafter referred to as "HVAC"). In some cases, the colorable window may respond to (e.g., and communicatively coupled to) one or more environmental sensors and / or user controls. The colorable window may include (e.g., an electrochromic window). The window may be located from the interior to the exterior of a structure (e.g., facility, such as a building). However, this is not necessary. The colorable window may be operated using liquid crystal devices, suspended particle devices, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices (such as micro-shutters), or any technology known or developed later that is configured to control the transmission of light through the window. Windows (e.g., having MEMS devices for tinting) are described in U.S. Patent No. 10,359,681, filed May 15, 2015 and published July 23, 2019, entitled "MULTI-PANE WINDOWS INCLUDING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES AND ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS DEVICES," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some cases, one or more tinting windows may be located inside a building, such as between a conference room and a corridor. In some cases, one or more tinting windows may be used in automobiles, trains, airplanes, and other vehicles, for example, replacing passive and / or non-tinting windows.

[0099] In some embodiments, a plurality of devices may be operatively coupled to the control system in a manner that is, for example, communicatively. Devices may include windows (e.g., tinted windows), sensors, transmitters, or transceivers. The plurality of devices may be housed in a facility (e.g., including a building and / or room). The control system may include a hierarchy of controllers. Devices may include transmitters, sensors, or windows (e.g., IGUs). Devices may be any of the devices disclosed herein. At least two of the plurality of devices may be of the same type. For example, two or more IGUs may be coupled to the control system. At least two of the plurality of devices may be of different types. For example, sensors and transmitters may be coupled to the control system. The plurality of devices may sometimes comprise at least 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 7500, 10000, 50000, 100000, or 500000 devices. The plurality of devices may have any number of devices between the aforementioned numbers (e.g., 20 to 500,000 devices, 20 to 50 devices, 50 to 500 devices, 500 to 2,500 devices, 1,000 to 5,000 devices, 5,000 to 10,000 devices, 10,000 to 100,000 devices, or 100,000 to 500,000 devices). For example, the number of windows in a floor may be at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, or 50. The number of windows in a floor may be any number between the aforementioned numbers (e.g., 5 to 50, 5 to 25, or 25 to 50). Sometimes, the devices may be in a multi-story building. At least a portion of the floors of a multi-story building may have devices controlled by a control system (e.g., at least a portion of the floors of a multi-story building may be controlled by a control system). For example, a multi-story building may have at least 2, 8, 10, 25, 50, 80, 100, 120, 140, or 160 floors controlled by the control system. The number of floors (e.g., devices therein) controlled by the control system may be any number between the aforementioned numbers (e.g., 2 to 50, 25 to 100, or 80 to 160). A floor may have an area of ​​at least about 150 m², 250 m², 500 m², 1000 m², 1500 m², or 2000 square meters (m²). A floor may have an area between any of the aforementioned floor area values ​​(e.g., about 150 m² to about 2000 m², about 150 m² to about 500 m², about 250 m² to about 1000 m², or about 1000 m² to about 2000 m²). The building may contain an area of ​​at least approximately 1,000 square feet, 2,000 square feet, 5,000 square feet, 10,000 square feet, 100,000 square feet, 150,000 square feet, 200,000 square feet, or 500,000 square feet.The building may be comprised of an area between any of the aforementioned areas (e.g., approximately 1,000 square feet to approximately 5,000 square feet, approximately 5,000 square feet to approximately 500,000 square feet, or approximately 1,000 square feet to approximately 500,000 square feet). The building may comprise an area of ​​at least approximately 100 m², 200 m², 500 m², 1,000 m², 5,000 m², 10,000 m², 25,000 m², or 50,000 m². The building may be comprised of an area between any of the aforementioned areas (e.g., approximately 100 m² to approximately 1,000 m², approximately 500 m² to approximately 25,000 m², or approximately 100 m² to approximately 50,000 m²). The facility may comprise commercial or residential buildings. Commercial buildings may include (multiple) tenants and / or (multiple) owners. Residential facilities may comprise multi-family or single-family buildings. Residential facilities may comprise mixed-use residential buildings. Residential facilities may include single-family homes. Residential facilities may include multi-family homes (e.g., apartments). Residential facilities may include townhouses. Facilities may include residential and commercial portions. Facilities may contain at least about 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 420, 450, 500, or 550 windows (e.g., tinted windows). These windows may be divided into zones (e.g., at least in part based on the location, facade, floor, ownership, utilization rate, any other assignment measure, random assignment, or any combination thereof of the enclosure (e.g., room) containing these windows). The allocation of windows to zones may be static or dynamic (e.g., based on a trial-and-error method). Each zone may contain at least about 2, 5, 10, 12, 15, 30, 40, or 46 windows.

[0100] Figure 1A shows an example of a framed window 102 within a window frame 103 (partial view shown) and a fastener structure 104 including a first hinge 105a and a second hinge 105b, which facilitate rotation of the display structure 101 about a hinge axis, for example, in the direction of arrow 111. The window may be an electrochromic window. The window may be in the form of an EC IGU. In one embodiment, one or more display structures (e.g., transparent displays) (e.g., 101) that are at least partially transparent are mounted to the window frame (e.g., 103). In one embodiment, one or more display structures (e.g., transparent displays) incorporate T-OLED technology, but it should be understood that the invention should not be limited to or restricted to this technology. In one embodiment, one or more display structures (e.g., transparent displays) are mounted to the frame (e.g., 103) via a fastener structure (e.g., 104). In one embodiment, the fastener structure (also referred to herein as a "fastener") includes a bracket. In one embodiment, the fastener structure includes an L-shaped bracket. In one embodiment, the L-shaped bracket has a length approximately equal to or equal to the length of the side of the window (e.g., and in the example shown in FIG. 1A, also the length of fastener 104). In embodiments, the basic length dimension of the window (e.g., length) is at most 60 feet ('), 50', 40', 30', 25', 20', 15', 10', 5', or 1'. The window's FLS can have any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from 1' to 60', from 1' to 30', from 30' to 60', or from 10' to 40'). In embodiments, the basic length dimension of the window (e.g., length) is at least about 50', 60', 80', or 100'. In one embodiment, the display configuration (e.g., a transparent display) covers (e.g., substantially) an area matching the surface area of ​​the window pane (e.g., a window lattice). The fastener structure can be mounted to the structure (e.g., a frame portion such as a vertical frame) via a locking mechanism (e.g., a latch-lock) and / or via screws(s), and can be configured for sliding and latch-attachment. The fastener may include a mounting plate. The fastener can be configured to allow its associated cabling and / or wiring to reside within a support structure cavity (e.g., a frame portion) without exerting pressure on the support structure (e.g., a fastener). The support structure may include clamps (e.g., spring clamps) to hold the fastener in place.

[0101] In certain embodiments, the area of ​​the display approximates the visual area of ​​the window (e.g., the area within the window's frame system (e.g., see Figure 1B, 1)). In one embodiment, one or more display structures (e.g., transparent displays) collectively (e.g., substantially and / or substantially) cover the visual area of ​​the window (e.g., see Figures 1B, 2 and 3). In one embodiment, the transparent display covers approximately half of the visual area of ​​the window (e.g., colorable). In one embodiment, two or more displays are mounted above a single visual window (see Figures 1B, 2 and 3). The display structures may cover at least a portion of the window (e.g., colorable). The display structures may cover at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the visible portion of the window (e.g., colorable). The area occupied by the display structures may be all (100%) of the visible portion of the window (e.g., colorable). The area occupied by the display structure can be any percentage of the visible portion of the window (e.g., tinted) within the aforementioned percentage range (e.g., from about 10% to about 100%, from about 10% to about 50%, or from about 50% to about 100%). Sometimes, multiple display structures may cover (e.g., tinted) the window. The display structures may be installed in one or more layouts and / or configurations, for example, to maximize design flexibility. Multiple fasteners may be (e.g., individually) coupled to the multiple display structures (e.g., to allow rotation of the display structures). Figure 1B shows examples of various windows in a building facade 120, which includes windows 122, 123, and 121, and display structures 1, 2, and 3. In the example shown in Figure 1B, display structure 1 is at least partially transparent and positioned above window 123 (e.g., display structure 1 is overmounted above window 123), such that the entire window 123 is covered by the display structure, and the user can view the external environment (e.g., flowers, glass, and trees) through display structure 1 and window 123. Display structure 1 is coupled to the window using fasteners that facilitate rotation of the display structure about an axis parallel to the bottom horizontal edge of the window, in the direction of arrow 127. In the example shown in Figure 1B, display structures 2 and 3 are at least partially transparent and positioned above window 121, such that the entire window 121 is covered by two display structures, each covering (e.g., extending to) approximately half the surface area of ​​window 121, and the user can view the external environment (e.g., flowers, glass, and trees) through display structures 2 and 3 and window 121. Display structure 2 is coupled to window 121 using fasteners that facilitate rotation of the display structure about an axis parallel to the left vertical edge of the window, in the direction of arrow 126. Display structure 3 is coupled to the window using fasteners that facilitate rotation of the display structure about an axis parallel to the right vertical edge of window 121, in the direction of arrow 125.

[0102] In some embodiments, the display structure is coupled to a structure (e.g., a fastener). The structure may include a window, wall, or panel. The display structure may be coupled to the structure using fasteners. For example, a distance may exist between the display structure and the structure when the display structure is operable. The distance may be up to about 0.5 meters (m), 0.4 m, 0.3 m, 0.2 m, 0.1 m, 0.05 m, 0.025 m, or 0.01 m.

[0103] In some embodiments, the electronics box is operatively coupled to or includes a power source. The power source may be an electrical device that supplies electrical power to an electrical load. The power source can convert current from the source into the correct voltage, current, and / or frequency to power the load. The power source can limit the current drawn from the load to a safe level (e.g., according to regulatory and / or safety standards), shut off current (e.g., in the event of an electrical fault), regulate power (e.g., to prevent electronic noise and / or voltage surges from reaching the load), correct the power factor, and / or store energy (e.g., to facilitate continued operation of the load in the event of a temporary interruption of source power). The load may be a media display (e.g., an OLED display). The power source may be a power converter. The power source may be a separate, independent device. The power source may be included within the electronics box. The independent power source device may be housed in a structure such as a fixture. This structure may include a frame portion (e.g., a vertical or horizontal frame) or a wall. The power source device may be located at a distance from the electronics box and / or timing controller. The distance can be at least about 30 feet ('), 50', 100', 200', or 300'. The electronic box may or may not be part of the fastener (e.g., attached to the fastener). In some embodiments, the electronic box (e.g., including any analog-to-digital converter) may be positioned at a distance from the fastener (e.g., not part of the fastener).

[0104] In some embodiments, the housing of an electronic component (e.g., a circuit system) includes at least one heat exchanger. For example, an electronic box, power supply housing, and / or timing controller housing (e.g., a fastener) may include one or more heat exchangers (e.g., as disclosed herein). The heat exchanger may be a fan. The heat exchanger may be passive or active. The heat exchanger may include heat pipes. The heat exchanger may include components configured to efficiently absorb and / or transfer heat. For example, the heat exchanger may include a metal plate (e.g., a heat sink). The metal plate may contain an elemental metal or a metal alloy.

[0105] In some embodiments, the housing of an electronic component (e.g., a fastener) may include one or more fans. A fan can direct gas (e.g., air) from one side to the other (e.g., push gas into or draw gas out of the surrounding environment). The direction of fan rotation determines its function of pushing / pulling gas. A fan may have a basic length dimension (e.g., height, length, width, radius, or radius of a delimiting circle). The basic length dimension (FLS) of the fan may be at most about 5 cm, 4 cm, 3 cm, 2.5 cm, 2 cm, 1.5 cm, 1 cm, or 0.5 cm. The FLS may have any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from about 5 cm to about 0.5 cm, from about 5 cm to about 2 cm, or from about 2 cm to about 0.5 cm). The height and length of the fan may be (e.g., substantially) equal. The width of the fan may be at most about half, one-third, one-quarter, or one-fifth of the height and / or length of the fan. The fan may have a plurality of blades (e.g., at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 blades). In some embodiments, the fan may be bladeless. The fan may require a low voltage, for example, up to about 1.5 volts (V), 2 V, 3 V, 4 V, 5 V, 6 V, 7 V, 8 V, 9 V, or 10 V. The fan speed may be at least about 5,000 revolutions per minute (KRPM), 5.5 KRPM, 6 KRPM, 6.5 KRPM, 7 KRPM, 7.5 KRPM, 8 KRPM, 8.5 KRPM, 9 KRPM, 9.5 KRPM, 10 KRPM, 10.5 KRPM, 11 KRPM, 11.5 KRPM, or 12 KRPM. The fan may have a low-noise signature. Low-noise signatures may have a noise level of up to approximately 10.0 dBA, 15 dBA, 20 dBA, 25 dBA, or 30 dBA, where the dBA value is adjusted to vary the sensitivity of the human ear to different frequencies of sound. Low-noise signatures may be below (e.g., approximately 65 dBA) the noise level of speech. Low-noise signatures may be suitable for breathing noise (e.g., approximately 10 dBA), quiet study environments (e.g., approximately 20 dBA), whispering environments (e.g., approximately 40 dBA), or office environments (e.g., from approximately 50 dBA to approximately 65 dBA). The noise level of the fan may comply with governing standards, such as those issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The fan may have a weight of up to approximately 5 grams (g), 6 g, 8 g, or 10 g.The fan may have an air conduction capacity of at least about 0.02 cubic meters per minute (m³ / min), 0.03 m³ / min, 0.04 m³ / min, 0.05 m³ / min, 0.06 m³ / min, 0.07 m³ / min, 0.08 m³ / min, 0.09 m³ / min, 0.1 m³ / min, 0.15 m³ / min, 0.2 m³ / min, 0.3 m³ / min, 0.4 m³ / min, or 0.5 m³ / min. The fan may have conduction capacity between any of the conduction capacities mentioned herein (e.g., from about 0.02 m³ / min to about 0.05 m³ / min, from about 0.05 m³ / min to about 0.1 m³ / min, or from about 0.1 m³ / min to about 0.5 m³ / min).

[0106] In some embodiments, at least two of the plurality of circuit boards may be arranged in a manner that facilitates the placement of shielding, heat exchange, and / or cooling elements therebetween. At least one shielding element may be disposed between a first circuit board and a second circuit board positioned adjacent to each other (e.g., directly). The shielding element may include electrical and / or electromagnetic (e.g., radio frequency) shielding. The shielding element may or may not function as a heat exchanger and / or cooling element. The housing of the electronic component may include a heat exchanger and / or cooling element separate from the shielding element. The heat exchanger and / or cooling element may include heat pipes or metal plates. The metal may include elemental metals or metal alloys. The metal may be configured for (e.g., efficient and / or rapid) heat conduction. The metal may include copper, aluminum, brass, steel, or bronze. The cooling element may include a fluid, gas, or semi-solid (e.g., gel) material. The cooling element may be active and / or passive. The cooling element may include circulating material. The cooling element may be operatively coupled to an active cooling device (e.g., a thermostat, cooler, and / or refrigerator). Active cooling devices can be housed outside the device housing. Cooling elements can be housed in fixtures (e.g., floor, ceiling, wall, or frame) of an enclosed structure (e.g., building or room) housing electronic components. Fixtures can include vertical or horizontal frames.

[0107] In some embodiments, the display assembly may accept one or more connector types for media signals and / or power. For example, at least one connector and / or slot to one or more drivers and / or receivers may be used for serial communication systems (e.g., RS485 (input and output)). Communication may be bidirectional. The connector and / or slot may include connectors to (multiple) optical fibers. Connector and / or slot types may include HDMI, DisplayPort (DP) input and / or output, or AC input and / or switch. Figure 17 illustrates an example of a controller and power assembly 1700 including HDMI input 1701, DP1 input 1702, RS485 input 1703, AC switch and AC input 1704, RS485 output 1705, and DP output 1706. Figure 17 shows an exploded (e.g., exploded) perspective view of the controller and power assembly 1710 connected to the main power line 1711, the window controller 1712, the IGU 1715, the frame cap 1718 (sometimes referred to as a "beauty cap"), the window frame 1719, the circuit system 1716 (e.g., including a booster and / or driver for the display matrix), the hinges (e.g., hinge 1717), the display structure 1714, the cover 1720, and the display structure frame (e.g., edge bezel) 1713 of the display structure. The display structure frame may be a cover for the touch screen assembly(s). The window controller may be located on one side of the window closer to or further from the window. The window controller may be located in (or on) the window frame, in (or on) the wall, in (or on) the ceiling, or in (or on) the floor. The hinges may or may not be temporarily locked (e.g., using inserts (e.g., slits or gaps), protrusions, and / or springs (e.g., spring plungers)).

[0108] In some embodiments, the display structure is aligned with a viewing window (e.g., an integrated glass unit referred to herein as "IGU"). The display structure can be configured to be positioned (e.g., tinted) on at least a portion of the window. For example, the display structure can be configured to be hyper-positioned with at least a portion of the window. The display structure can be configured to facilitate simultaneous viewing from one side of the window (e.g., the interior environment) to its opposite side (e.g., the exterior environment). The display structure can be located within the user's line of sight through the window (or any portion thereof).

[0109] In some embodiments, the controller is operatively coupled to the display structure (e.g., communicatively coupled). Communication may be wired and / or wireless. The controller may control the display structure at least partially automatically. The controller may be, for example, a timing controller (e.g., T-CON) disclosed herein. Control may include electronic and / or optical control. The controller may include a microcontroller. The controller may be positioned adjacent to the glass (e.g., IGU) and / or the display structure. The controller may be positioned within a window frame (e.g., a horizontal or vertical frame). In some embodiments, the vertical frame (e.g., FIG. 1B, 131) is the vertical orientation of the window frame, and the horizontal frame (e.g., FIG. 1B, 130) is the horizontal orientation of the window frame. The window frame may (e.g., directly or indirectly) hold the glass and / or the display structure. The glass may be tinted glass. Tinted glass may be controlled (e.g., using at least one controller). For example, tinted glass may be hierarchically controlled by the controller (e.g., see FIG. 15). The hierarchy of controllers can be static or dynamic (e.g., where the hierarchy of controllers is dynamically changed). One or more controllers that control the viewing (e.g., colorizable) window may or may not control the display construct (also referred to herein as the "media display construct").

[0110] In some embodiments, the display structure includes glass. The glass may be in the form of one or more glass panes. For example, the display structure may include a display matrix (e.g., a lamp array) disposed between two glass panes. The lamp array may include a colored lamp array. For example, a red, green, and blue lamp array. For example, a cyan, magenta, and yellow lamp array. The lamp array may include lamp colors used in electronic screen displays. The lamp array may include an LED array (e.g., an OLED, such as a TOLED). The matrix display (e.g., the lamp array) may be at least partially transparent (e.g., to the average human eye). Transparent OLEDs may facilitate a significant portion (e.g., greater than about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90%, or 95%) of the intensity and / or wavelength that is perceived by the average human eye. The matrix display may cause minimal disturbance to a user viewing through the array. The lamp array may cause minimal disturbance to a user viewing through a window on which the array is disposed. The display matrix (e.g., the lamp array) may be maximally transparent. At least one glass pane of the display structure may have a conventional glass thickness. Conventional glass may have a thickness of at least about 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, or 6 mm. Conventional glass may have a thickness between any of the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from 1 mm to 6 mm, from 1 mm to 3 mm, from 3 mm to about 4 mm, or from 4 mm to 6 mm). At least one glass pane of the display structure may have a thin glass thickness. The thin glass may have a thickness of at most about 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, or 0.9 mm. The thin glass may have a thickness between any of the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from 0.4 mm to 0.9 mm, from 0.4 mm to 0.7 mm, or from 0.5 mm to 0.9 mm). The glass of the display structure may be at least transmissive (e.g., in the visible spectrum). For example, the glass may be at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% transmissive. The glass may have a transmittance percentage value between any of the aforementioned percentages (e.g., from about 80% to about 99%). The display structure may include one or more panes (e.g., glass panes). For example, the display structure may include a plurality of panes (e.g., two). The glass panes may have (e.g., substantially) the same thickness or different thicknesses. The front-facing pane may be thicker than the rear-facing pane. The rear-facing pane may be thicker than the front-facing pane. The front side may be in the direction intended for the viewer (e.g., in front of display structure 101, looking at display structure 101). The back side may be in the direction of (e.g., tinted) the window (e.g., 102). One pane of glass may be thicker than another pane of glass. The thicker glass may be at least about 1.25*, 1.5*, 2*, 2.5*, 3*, 3.5*, or 4* thicker than the thinner glass. The symbol "*" designates the mathematical operation "multiplication".The transmittance of the display structure (including one or more panes and a display matrix (e.g., a lamp array or LCD)) may be at least about 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%. The display structure may have a transmittance percentage value between any of the aforementioned percentages (e.g., from about 20% to about 90%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 40% to about 80%, or from about 50% to about 90%). A higher transmittance percentage refers to a higher intensity and / or broader spectral light passing through the material (e.g., glass). Transmittance may be visible light. Transmittance can be measured as the visible light transmittance (abbreviated herein as "Tvis") of the amount of light passing through the visible portion of the spectrum relative to the material. Transmittance may be relative to the intensity of incident light. The display structure can transmit at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the visible spectrum (e.g., wavelength spectrum) of light passing through it. The display structure can transmit a percentage value between any of the aforementioned percentages (e.g., from about 80% to about 99%). In some embodiments, a liquid crystal display is used instead of a lamp array. Figure 2 shows a schematic example of a display structure assembly 200 prior to its lamination, which includes a thicker support structure (e.g., a glass pane) 205, a first adhesive layer 204, a display matrix 203, a second adhesive layer 202, and a thinner support structure (e.g., a glass pane) 201, the matrix being connected via wiring 211 to a circuitry 212 controlling at least one state of the display structure, the display structure being coupled to fasteners 213.

[0111] The display matrix has reflectivity and / or color properties. The display matrix can be colored, grayscale, or black and white. The display matrix can have a color depth. The color depth can be at least about 2.5, 5, 10, 1.25, or 1.5 billion colors. The color depth can have any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from about 250 million colors to about 1.5 billion colors, from about 250 million colors to about 1.25 billion colors, or from about 1 billion colors to about 1.5 billion colors). The display structure can have a contrast ratio of at least about 100,000, 120,000, 150,000, 170,000, or 200,000 to one. The display structure can have a contrast ratio relative to one between any of the above reference values ​​(e.g., from about 100,000:1 to about 200,000:1, from about 100,000:1 to about 150,000:1, or from about 150,000:1 to 200,000:1). The reflectivity of the display structure can be up to about 2%, 4%, 8%, 10%, 14% or 18%. The reflectivity of the display structure can have any value between the foregoing values ​​(e.g., from about 2% to about 18% or from about 2% to about 14%).

[0112] In some embodiments, at least one glass pane in the display structure and / or IGU is strengthened. At least one glass pane in the display structure and / or IGU may be virgin glass (e.g., it has not undergone strengthening and / or tempering processes). The glass may be strengthened glass. Strengthened glass may be thermally strengthened, thermally tempered, or chemically strengthened. Chemically strengthened glass may be chemically tempered glass. Chemically strengthened glass may include Gorilla glass. The glass may contain SentryGlass(R) used. Chemically strengthened glass may contain one or more ion-doped glass (e.g., cation-doped glass). The cation may be an alkali metal (e.g., potassium) or alkaline earth cation. The glass may contain one or more pigments. The glass may allow UV light (e.g., its wavelength and / or intensity) to pass through its transformation. The glass may reduce (e.g., prevent) the transmission of UV light (e.g., its wavelength and / or intensity). The glass may absorb at least a portion of UV light (e.g., its wavelength and / or intensity). In some embodiments, the glass may include a surface treatment (e.g., sanding).

[0113] In some embodiments, the display construction may include an adhesive (e.g., a laminate and / or a binder). In some embodiments, the display construction may include an adhesive comprising a polymer and / or resin. The adhesive may be disposed between the glass pane and the display matrix. The adhesive may be selected to facilitate the formation of the construction (e.g., adhesion between the display matrix and the glass pane) with minimal (e.g., without) damage to the display matrix. The adhesive may be cured by heat and / or UV treatment. The temperature of the heat treatment may cause minimal damage to the display matrix (e.g., without measurably and / or substantially damaging the display matrix). "Without substantially damaging the array" may refer to not damaging the array to the extent that it affects its intended purpose (e.g., its performance as a display according to its specifications). The adhesive may include at least one organic polymer. At least one organic polymer may include polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylamide, or SGP resin (e.g., DuPont's SGP 5000). The adhesive may contain, for example, 3M's OCA (e.g., 3M 8211, 3M 8212, 3M 8213, 3M 8214, 3M 8215, 3M 8171, or 3M 8172). The polymer (multiple types) allows UV light (e.g., its wavelength and / or intensity) to pass through it. The polymer can reduce (e.g., prevent) the penetration of UV light (e.g., its wavelength and / or intensity). The polymer can absorb at least a portion of the UV light (e.g., its wavelength and / or intensity).

[0114] In some embodiments, the display structure includes lamination. The display structure may include colorable devices (e.g., electrochromic devices). Colorable devices may be laminated onto the display structure (to form a single display structure unit). For example, the display structure may include a deposited electrochromic layer structure (e.g., deposited on the back side of a media display (e.g., the back side of an LED)). The display structure may include one or more layers (e.g., deposited and / or laminated layers) to protect the media display from radiation (e.g., UV and / or IR radiation). The added layers may form a film (e.g., an electrochromic device, a UV protection layer, and / or an IR protection layer). The film may be part of the display structure. The film may promote a longer operational lifespan of the display structure. The film may promote higher contrast of the displayed media. The display structure (e.g., including an electrochromic film) may be coupled to a colorable (e.g., electrochromic) window. The film can constitute any colorable window capability (e.g., liquid crystal devices, suspended particle devices, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices (such as miniature shutters), or any technique configured to control the transmittance of light through a window). Liquid crystal devices may comprise a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer.

[0115] In some embodiments, the display construction may include an adhesive in the form of at least one layer. The adhesive may include at least one optically clear adhesive layer (hereinafter abbreviated as "OCA" layer). For example, the display construction may include two adhesive layers. The adhesive layers may have a thickness of at least about 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, or 1 mm. The adhesive layers may have a thickness of any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from about 0.2 mm to about 1 mm, from about 0.2 mm to about 0.6 mm, or from about 0.7 mm to about 1 mm). The adhesive thickness may be selected to minimize weight, for example, while adequately bonding the construction to form a high-tolerance construction that can be machine-cut (e.g., with high die-cutting machine tolerance). Compared to a display construction without adhesive, the adhesive may increase the durability and / or optical properties of the display construction. The adhesive may be (e.g., substantially and / or completely) transparent (e.g., for visible light). The adhesive may be colorless. The adhesive may contact the (e.g., largest) surface of the display matrix and the (e.g., largest) surface of the pane (e.g., glass pane), thus adhering the display matrix to the pane. The adhesive may contribute minimally (e.g., not) to optical and / or visual distortion of the media displayed on the display.

[0116] In some embodiments, the panes(s), adhesive, and display matrix are cured prior to deployment. Curing may be performed by UV light, moisture, and / or heat. The curing method may be selected to preserve the functionality of the display matrix and minimize any optical distortions (e.g., maximizing transmittance, reducing turbidity, and / or gas gaps, such as air gaps). The adhesive may increase the durability of the display structure. For example, the adhesive may reduce the fragility of the display structure and / or reduce its flammability. The adhesive may facilitate the adjustment of the refractive index of the panes to ambient air (e.g., the viewer's location), for example, to (i) minimize losses due to any Fresnel reflections, (ii) transmit all colors with minimal distortion through the display structure, and / or (iii) enhance the image projected by the display structure. Color distortion may occur due to color transmission through the adhesive, through the glass panes, and into the ambient air. The display structure (e.g., the adhesive therein) may improve the preservation and / or improve the operating temperature range of the display matrix. The adhesive prevents one or more gases and / or debris (e.g., dust or sebum) from reaching the display matrix. The display construction (e.g., adhesive, glass, and / or any coating) prevents physical interference with the display matrix (e.g., due to contact). Contact can be direct contact by a user.

[0117] In some embodiments, the IGU and / or display structure may include a coating (e.g., an anti-reflective coating). The coating may improve the optical performance of the glass and / or display structure. The coating may be applied to glass panes, adhesive layers, display matrices, and / or electrochromic structures. The coating may be deposited in the form of anti-reflective, anti-glare, anti-condensation, scratch-resistant, stain-resistant, and / or UV-resistant treatments.

[0118] In some embodiments, the display structure may include a seal. The seal may be disposed between two panes of glass of the display structure, with the display matrix disposed therebetween. The seal may comprise a polymer / resin (e.g., any polymer / resin disclosed herein). The seal may comprise a carbon-based (e.g., organic) polymer or a silicone-based polymer. The seal protects the display structure from light (e.g., UV), moisture, oxygen, physical contact (e.g., physical damage), debris, and / or other environmental components.

[0119] In some embodiments, the display structure is durable after undergoing an extended lifespan. The expected lifespan may be at least about 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, 25 years, 50 years, 75 years, or 100 years. The expected lifespan may be any value between the foregoing values ​​(e.g., from about 5 years to about 100 years, from about 2 years to about 25 years, from about 25 years to about 50 years, or from about 50 years to about 100 years). The extended lifespan may be at least 20 kWh, 30 kWh, 50 kWh, 100 kWh, 500 kWh, or 1000 kWh (thousand hours). The extended lifespan of the display structure may have any value between the foregoing values ​​(e.g., from about 20 kWh to about 1000 kWh, from about 20 kWh to about 100 kWh, or from about 100 kWh to about 1000 kWh). Hours may refer to, for example, the number of hours the display structure operates for its intended purpose. The lifespan of a display structure can depend on its operating hours and / or any environmental conditions (e.g., UV light, humidity, and / or temperature at its deployment location).

[0120] In some embodiments, the display structure is fastened to a fixture (e.g., a window frame or wall) by means of a fastening mechanism (also referred to herein as a "fastener"), which holds (e.g., tinted) the window. The fastener may comprise one or more components. For example, the fastener may comprise a bracket, hinge, or cover. The fastener may be permanent or non-permanent. Non-permanent fasteners may be removed manually and / or automatically. For example, the fastener may comprise one or more screws that fasten it to the window frame. The fastener may comprise a hinge and / or bracket. The hinge may be flexible. The bracket and / or cover (or any portion thereof) may be rigid or non-flexible. The fastener (e.g., including the hinge and / or bracket) may be opaque. The fastener (e.g., any of its components) may comprise an elemental metal, a metal alloy, an allotrope of elemental carbon, a polymer, or a composite material. At least two components of the fastener may be made of (e.g., substantially) the same type. At least two components of the fastener may be made of different material types. The elemental metal may include aluminum. The metal alloy may include steel. The fastener may contain non-corrosive materials. At least a portion of the fastener (e.g., bracket and / or cover) may be configured to bear the weight of the display structure without causing (e.g., considerable) deformation (e.g., as disclosed herein) during its expected lifespan. The weight of the display structure may be at least about 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, 20 kg, 25 kg, 30 kg, 35 kg, 40 kg, or 50 kg. The weight of the display structure may be any weight between the aforementioned weights (e.g., from 5 kg to 50 kg, from 5 kg to 25 kg, or from 25 kg to 50 kg). Figure 3 shows an example of a vertical cross-section of assembly 300 (partial view shown), wherein display matrix 311 is disposed as part of display structure between first pane 312 and second pane 313, and L-shaped bracket 302 is disposed between the two glass panes 312 and 313 and coupled to display structure, the L-shaped bracket being coupled to hinge 303.

[0121] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the outer surface of the bracket is smooth. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the outer surface of the bracket has a glossy or matte texture. Smooth may refer to an outer surface having an Ra value of up to 60 micrometers (μm), 40 μm, or 20 μm.

[0122] Fasteners can be configured for easy installation and / or removal of the display structure from self-supporting structures (e.g., window frames and / or walls). Removal allows for maintenance, replacement, and / or upgrades of any part of the display structure and / or structure (or any associated device). For example, fasteners can allow for (e.g., easy) removal and / or insertion of the display structure. For example, fasteners can allow for (e.g., easy) removal and / or insertion of frame portions attached to the fastener. For example, fasteners can allow for (e.g., easy) removal and / or insertion of tinted windows supported by frames attached to the fastener. "Easy" can refer to low labor costs, low labor levels (e.g., low labor inspections), and / or short labor times. Fasteners can be configured to slide and / or lock for installation onto supporting structures (e.g., fasteners).

[0123] In some embodiments, a connecting material is disposed between the display structure and fasteners (e.g., brackets and / or covers). The connecting material may comprise a polymer (e.g., as disclosed herein). The connecting material may comprise a sealing gasket. The connecting material may be curable (e.g., by heat, humidity, and / or UV). The connecting material may have low electrical resistance. The connecting material may comprise at least one polymer and / or at least one resin. The bonding material may have low resistance, making it suitable for use as packaging material in the electronics industry (e.g., for smartphones, packaging, LCD displays, and personal computers). Bonding materials may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), very high bonding (VHB) materials (e.g., 3M VHB 4926), or SR or SRS-40P. Bonding materials may include acrylic materials. The bonding material retains its properties and shape at ambient temperature. The tensile strength of the bonding material may be at least about 0.60 MPa, 0.63 MPa, 0.66 MPa, 0.68 MPa, or 0.70 MPa. The shear strength of the bonding material may be at least about 0.54 MPa, 0.60 MPa, 0.620 MPa, 0.64 MPa, or 0.68 MPa. MPa. Shear strength may be less than tensile strength. Shear strength and / or tensile strength may enable it to facilitate the holding of the display structure by fasteners (or any part of the fasteners connected to the display structure by connecting material (e.g., adhesive)) for example, for the expected lifespan and / or service life of the display structure. Connecting material may be rigid and / or flexible. Connecting material may be adhesive. Connecting material may be softer before curing and harder after curing. Connecting material may be selected to at least bear the load (e.g., weight) of the display structure during constant and / or different conditions (e.g., according to its intended purpose). The bracket may include vertical portions, curved portions, and / or corners. The bracket may not contain corners. The bracket may be vertical or curved. The bracket may include two vertical portions (e.g., two arms) forming (e.g., about) an angle. The angle may be right angle or obtuse angle. The bracket may be "L" shaped. The arms of the bracket and / or cover may be positioned between two panes, contacting the display matrix, and / or contacting the adhesive.

[0124] In some embodiments, the wires are concealed from the user's view by fasteners (e.g., or any component thereof). For example, a bracket and / or cover may be concealed from the user's view of one or more (e.g., electrical) wires connected to the display matrix. The wires may be connected to the bracket and / or cover. The bracket and / or cover may include recesses configured to accommodate the (multiple) wires. In some embodiments, the cover and bracket are identical components (e.g., 531). The recesses may be concealed from the user's view (e.g., may be located in a rear portion of the bracket and / or cover). The (multiple) wires may be connected to the display matrix (e.g., a lamp array or LCD). The (multiple) wires may be connected to a controller. The controller may include a timing controller and / or a microcontroller. Connection material (e.g., connectors) may be positioned along the width of the display structure (e.g., along fastener structure 104). The connection material may be positioned along at least about 50%, 80%, or 90% of the width of the display structure. The fastener may include a bent portion. The fastener may include a non-bent portion.

[0125] In some embodiments, the fastener includes a hinge. In some embodiments, the hinge includes two blades connected by a joint that forms an axis about which the blades are configured to move. A first blade of the hinge may be operably coupled (e.g., connected) to a bracket and / or a cover. A second blade of the hinge may be operably coupled (e.g., connected) to a fixture. The fixture may be a wall or a window frame. The hinge facilitates movement of the display structure about the hinge axis. The joint facilitates opening the hinge to an acute angle, a right angle, an obtuse angle, a flat angle (e.g., 180°), or full rotation (e.g., about 360°). Fastening the hinge to the fixture and the display structure (e.g., via a bracket and / or a cover) facilitates movement of the display structure about the axis of the hinge joint. Such movement facilitates maintenance of the display structure without interfering with the window (e.g., IGU) and / or the fixture. Maintenance may include cleaning, repairing, and / or replacing, for example, the display structure and any part or component thereof.

[0126] In some embodiments, the fastener may comprise a plurality of components. These components may include brackets, covers, hinges, and / or plates. The illustrated configuration may be coupled (e.g., connected) to the bracket and / or cover. The bracket and / or cover may be coupled to one leaf of a hinge. Another leaf of the hinge may be indirectly coupled to the fastener by directly coupling another hinge leaf to a plate directly connected to the fastener. The plate may comprise any of the fastener materials disclosed herein (e.g., elemental metals and / or metal alloys). The fastener may comprise a plurality of components of the same type. For example, the fastener may comprise a plurality of hinges, a plurality of brackets, a plurality of covers, and / or a plurality of plates. The plurality of fastener components may be at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, or 10 components (e.g., of the same or different types). A hinge may comprise a set of hinge components (e.g., a steering knuckle and a pivot). The fastener may comprise a plurality of sets of hinge components. The hinge assembly can be aligned to have a single hinge axis. A fastener can be formed by two rotating blades surrounding the axis of the hinge assembly. At least one of the blades (e.g., each) may include and have half of the plurality of hinge assemblies (e.g., steering knuckles) on a single plate, such that when the two blades are integrated, a plurality of functional hinge assembly assemblies are produced (e.g., as shown in the example of FIG. 37). In some embodiments, the two blades having separate hinge assemblies to form a plurality of operable hinge assemblies form a fastener, wherein each of the two blades is formed from a single material plate, which is more robust and / or more durable than a plurality of individual fasteners, each having a single hinge assembly, coupled to the display structure. In some embodiments, the two blades having separate hinge assemblies to form a plurality of operable hinge assemblies form a fastener, wherein each of the two blades is formed from a single material plate, which is easier to install, maintain, and / or replace than a plurality of individual fasteners, each having a single hinge assembly, coupled to the display structure. In some embodiments, having two blades with separate hinge assemblies to form a plurality of operable hinge assemblies facilitates more accurate alignment of the display structure compared to coupling the display structure to a plurality of individual fasteners each having a single hinge set, wherein each of the two blades is formed from a single plate. This single fastener provides additional advantages such as having a heat exchanger (e.g., a fan), guiding heat exchange (e.g., within the fastener and / or along the display structure), and / or coupling one or more circuit boards to the fastener.

[0127] In some embodiments, at least one leaf of the hinge includes one or more holes. At least one of the holes is configured to allow a screw to pass through and to reversibly connect the hinge to a fastener (e.g., a window frame) and / or bracket. Connecting the fastener (or any component thereof) to the display structure and / or fastener (e.g., a window frame) can be (I) irreversible (e.g., using a connecting material) or (II) reversible (e.g., using one or more screws). The fastener and / or plate can use both irreversible and reversible connections between itself and the display structure. For example, the hinge can be reversibly connected to the window frame and irreversibly connected to the bracket. For example, the hinge can be reversibly connected to the bracket and irreversibly connected to the window frame. For example, the hinge can be reversibly connected to the window frame and reversibly connected to the bracket, which will irreversibly connect (e.g., glue) to the display structure. For example, the hinge can be reversibly connected to the wall and reversibly connected to the cover, which will irreversibly connect (e.g., glue) to the display structure. For example, a hinge can be reversibly connected to a plate and reversibly connected to a cover, which will be irreversibly connected (e.g., glued) to the display structure. The plate can be reversibly coupled (e.g., via screws) or irreversibly coupled (e.g., via adhesive) to a fastener. Figure 4 shows a schematic example of a hinge 400 having a first blade 401 having a plurality of holes (e.g., 411) allowing movement of screws in one direction; and a second blade 402 having a plurality of holes allowing movement of screws in a second direction, which may be perpendicular to the second direction. The hinge shown in Figure 4 has an engagement 420 that facilitates rotation of the first blade relative to the second blade. In some embodiments, the first blade has a plurality of holes having a long axis in the first direction, and the second blade has a plurality of holes having a long axis in the second direction, the first direction forming a non-zero angle with the second direction (e.g., the first direction may be perpendicular to the second direction). The relative orientation of the major axis can be measured when the hinge is closed and one of the two blades is on top of the other. In some embodiments, the bracket may be an extension of the hinge blade. In some embodiments, the bracket may be coupled (e.g., fastened) to the hinge blade, for example reversibly (e.g., via screws) or irreversibly (e.g., via adhesive). In some embodiments, the cover may be an extension of the hinge blade. In some embodiments, the cover may be coupled (e.g., fastened) to the hinge blade, for example reversibly (e.g., via screws) or irreversibly (e.g., via adhesive).

[0128] In some embodiments, the electrical circuitry is communicatively coupled to the display structure. The electrical circuitry may (i) amplify signals transmitted to the display matrix, and / or (ii) transmit power from a power source to the display matrix. In some embodiments, the circuitry may include a touchscreen circuitry. In some embodiments, the touchscreen circuitry may be separate (e.g., housed within a touchscreen sensor housing). In some embodiments, the circuitry may connect (multiple) touchscreen sensors to a power source. In some embodiments, the touchscreen circuitry may have a separate connector to the power source.

[0129] Figure 5 illustrates an example of assembly 520, showing configuration 500 (partial view shown) connected to fasteners. This configuration includes an L-shaped bracket for a first cover portion 501, a thermal pad 505, a flexible electrical connector such as a 506 (MXC) connector, a circuit system 502 (e.g., a boost board), a flexible insulator 503, and a second cover portion 504. Figure 510 shows a schematic bottom view of a circuit system board with screws and connections attached to the cover. Assembly 520 is shown from different perspectives in 530, indicating configuration 536, flexible wiring (e.g., MXC) 535, a first portion of the cover 531 for the bracket (partial view shown), a gasket (e.g., flexible insulator) 533 (partial view shown), a circuit system 532 (partial view shown), and a second portion of the cover 534 (partial view shown). The flexible insulator may be a foam gasket (e.g., poron). The flexible insulator may have at least 25% compression. The bracket may have one or more thermal pads disposed thereon. Referring to Figure 5, in one embodiment, an L-shaped bracket 501 can be seen extending across the linear dimension of the transparent display (and attached to a protective glass cover 500), the L-shaped bracket 501 being the first cover. In one embodiment, the length of the bracket 501 may be up to about 10 feet. Circuitry (e.g., signal boosters) may be connected to the display matrix via one or more flexible wiring (e.g., MXC). Sometimes, multiple circuitry boards (e.g., at least 2, 3, or 4 boards) may be housed in fasteners (e.g., between the first and second covers). Figure 5 shows examples of two circuit boards 502 and 507. One or more (e.g., flexible) connectors may connect the circuitry boards to the flexible display matrix. The number of flexible connectors (e.g., MXC) may be at least 2, 5, 6, 8, or 10. Figure 5 illustrates examples of flexible connectors 516, 535, and 506. One or more (miniature) cable bundles and / or (e.g., miniature) coaxial cables can couple (i) a circuit system (e.g., a boost converter) housed in a fastener to (ii) a controller (e.g., a timing controller). One or more (miniature) cable bundles and / or (e.g., miniature) coaxial cables can be connected to a circuit board (e.g., a boost board) via connectors. The number of electrical connectors (e.g., connector 630 (partial view shown), such as an IPLEX connector) between the circuit board and the controller can be at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. Figure 5 illustrates an example of cable 513 connecting a connection board (e.g., a driver board) and a controller (e.g., a timing controller). One or more fine wiring bundles can connect the controller (e.g., a T-CON) to the boost board, which is connected to a flexible connector (e.g., an MXC cable) to a display matrix (e.g., a TOLED). Fasteners can be configured to secure, contain, and / or conceal cables and / or wiring from being seen by viewers of the displayed structure.

[0130] The electrical circuitry (e.g., and any connecting cables thereof) may be at least partially obscured from the user's view by fasteners (or any components thereof, such as hinges and / or plates). The electrical circuitry (e.g., and any connecting cables thereof) may be at least partially protected from user access. Brackets, covers, plates, and / or hinges may have openable portions. The openable portions may rotate about an axis (e.g., the openable portions may rotate about an auxiliary hinge to facilitate their rotation). The fasteners may have one or more of their component types (e.g., one or more brackets, one or more covers, one or more plates, one or more main hinges, and / or one or more auxiliary hinges). One or more components of the fasteners may span the display structure and / or the viewing window's FLS, or a portion thereof. The openable and / or removable portions facilitate maintenance of the electrical circuitry (e.g., and any connecting cables thereof), for example, without disassembling the fasteners from the support structure to which they are coupled and / or from the display structure. The use of openings (coupled with or without auxiliary hinges) facilitates (e.g., reversible) disengagement of connecting cables between (i) the electronics and / or power supply units and (ii) the circuitry attached to the display structure (e.g., the display structure and / or touchscreen-related circuitry). Such (e.g., reversible) cable attachment and disengagement allows for replacement and / or maintenance of the electronics and / or power supply units without disassembling the fasteners from the support structure and / or display structure. Such (e.g., reversible) cable attachment and disengagement allows for replacement and / or maintenance of the display structure and / or fasteners without disassembling the electronics and / or power supply units. Such (e.g., reversible) cable attachment and disengagement allows for separation (e.g., disconnection) between (I) the display structure-fastener assembly and (II) the electronics and / or power supply units. The display structure-fastener assembly may include touchscreen actuators (e.g., sensor and transmitter panels). For example, an openable and / or removable portion (e.g., an auxiliary hinge) facilitates maintenance of the booster plate or any cables and / or connectors connected thereto. Maintenance may include removal, repair, replacement, and / or cleaning. For example, the plate may have auxiliary openings that facilitate exposure of at least a portion of the controller and / or wiring. Figure 10 illustrates an example of an auxiliary opening including portions 1017 and 1021 as part of a fastening system. A buffer pad may be placed between the openable and / or removable portion and the electrical circuitry (e.g., and any connecting cables thereto). The buffer pad protects the electrical circuitry (e.g., and any connecting cables thereto) and / or prevents its movement. Protection may come from light, temperature (e.g., hot or cold), contact, humidity, and / or oxygen. The buffer pad may comprise polymer foam (e.g., polyurethane). The buffer pad may comprise foam padding. This buffer pad helps maintain (e.g., a reasonable) bending radius on (multiple) wires. Wiring may include (multiple) microbend complete (MXC) cables, for example, to connect the circuit system to a controller (e.g., a timing controller) and / or a power supply.Wiring may be coupled to the circuitry via one or more connectors (e.g., IPEX or miniature connectors). Miniature connectors connect the circuitry (e.g., housed in fasteners) to the display matrix. The circuitry may include a boost converter. Miniature connectors may have multiple wires, for example, coupled within an envelope. Wiring may include (multiple) coaxial cables.

[0131] In some embodiments, the fastener may include a retractor forming an opening. The retractor may be an auxiliary opening. The retractor may be centered on the middle length of the fastener. The retractor may or may not be covered. Covering the retractor may or may not be reversible. For example, the cover may be an auxiliary hinge leaf. The cover may be bolted to the fastener using screws and / or clamps. The fastener may include two hinge leaves coupled to a steering knuckle and pivot mechanism to form a hinge. The retractor may be covered when the fastener is in its closed hinge position. The retractor may be reversibly covered when the (multiple) (main) fastener hinges are in their closed position. The retractor may be reversibly opened when the (multiple) (main) fastener hinges are in their open position. Figure 10 shows a cover 17017 covering the opening in fastener 1021. The width of the retraction (e.g., see Figure 41, dashed arrow W opening) may extend to at most approximately 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, or 30% of the hinge blade width (e.g., see Figure 41, dashed arrow W total). The retraction may extend from the edge of the hinge blade toward its inner portion. The retraction may be an opening within the hinge blade (e.g., a window within the hinge blade), for example having the aforementioned reference extension as its width. The length of the opening (e.g., the retraction, for example, see Figure 41, dashed arrow L opening) may extend to at most approximately 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10% of the total length of the hinge blade (e.g., see Figure 41, dashed arrow L total). The retraction may extend in width and / or length to facilitate the connection and / or disconnection of any connectors that couple the circuit board to the display structure and / or touch screen-related devices (e.g., sensor and transmitter panels). The opening (e.g., retraction) may or may not be centered on the length and / or width of the fastener (or any of its hinge blades).

[0132] In some embodiments, the controller may include a timing controller (hereinafter referred to as "T-CON"). The timing controller controls the operating timing of various components of the display matrix (e.g., when LEDs are lit in the display matrix). The timing controller can translate between video signals required by the display matrix and column and row driver signaling. Media signals can be transmitted to the T-CON board via communication interfaces such as Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS), Embedded Display Port (eDP), Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI®), Display Serial Interface (DSI), or VX1. The circuitry (e.g., the chips and / or controller therein) may include a 60 Hz to 120 Hz frame rate converter. The timing controller can recharge to minimize optical response attenuation of the LCD chemicals(s) that respond to the charge, for example, to maintain signal uniformity, avoid attenuation, and / or ensure an appropriate rate of recharge. The controller (e.g., T-CON) may be located at a distance from the display assembly, which includes the display construction and fastening system (e.g., fasteners).

[0133] In some embodiments, the illustrated configuration is operatively coupled (e.g., via wiring) to a power source. The circuitry is operatively coupled (e.g., via wiring) to the power source. The connection can be direct or indirect. Indirect connections can be via the circuitry (e.g., a boost converter). The power source can be an auxiliary power source. The power source can be coupled to a municipal power source (e.g., a power plant) and / or a building power source (e.g., a generator, (multiple) solar cells, and / or a wind turbine). The power source can be renewable and / or non-renewable. The power source can be coupled to a BMS. The power source can be coupled to network infrastructure (e.g., as disclosed herein). The power source can be supplied with approximately 240 V or 120 V (e.g., residential current) AC. The auxiliary power source may include a voltage converter that reduces the voltage (e.g., to up to approximately 24 V, 48 V, or 54 volts (V)). Figure 6 shows an example perspective view of an assembly 600, which includes a display structure coupled to a fastener, wherein the fastener 602 (partial view shown) is coupled to a circuit system of the display structure 601 (partial view shown). The display structure is connected to the circuit system (not shown) housed in the fastener via wiring 603 (partial view shown), which is secured by a hook such as a latch 604. The latch may be a connecting mounting element. Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a hinge blade 634 connected to wiring 633, which is connected to the circuit system 632. The hinge blade 634 engages with a hinge blade portion 635 (partial view shown) and a hinge blade portion 636 connected to a fastener (not shown) by screws 637. Hinge blade portions 635 and 636 are portions of the same hinge blade. Figure 6 shows a side view example of an assembly 620 including a fastener 662 coupled to a fixture (not shown) using screws such as 661, the fixture having a hanging wire 667 extending from its body and fastened to a hook 666. The wire 667 connects to (i) a circuit system (not shown) housed in the fastener body 662 and (ii) a display configuration (partial view shown) including a display matrix 664 housed between a thicker glass 665 and a thinner glass 663. Figure 6 shows a side view example of an assembly 612 (similar to 620) housed in a vertical cross-section of a window frame 610. Figure 6 shows an example of electrical wiring 630 that can be used in the display configuration assembly. The fastener may include a driver and / or a booster plate. The circuit system may facilitate data (e.g., network communication) and / or power transmission.

[0134] The auxiliary power supply can provide direct current (DC) voltage. The auxiliary power supply can be located near the display structure and / or IGU. The auxiliary power supply can be installed in the window frame, wall, floor, or ceiling. The controller of the display structure can be installed separately from its power supply. The minimum distance from (i) the display structure, boost board, driver board, and / or timing controller (e.g., T-CON) to (ii) the power supply can be at least approximately 0.25 m, 0.5 m, 1 m, 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m, 3.5 m, 4 m, 4.5 m, 5 m, 5.5 m, 6 m, 6.5 m, 7 m, 8 m, 10 m, or 20 meters (m). The shortest distance from (i) the display structure, boost board, driver board, and / or timing controller to (ii) the power supply can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from about 0.25 m to about 20 m, from about 0.25 m to about 5 m, from about 5 m to about 7 m, or from about 7 m to about 20 m). For example, the shortest distance from (i) the driver and / or boost board to (ii) the power supply and / or T-CON can be at least about 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m, 3.5 m, 4 m, 4.5 m, 5 m, 5.5 m, 6 m, 6.5 m, 7 m, 8 m, or 10 m. The shortest distance from (i) the driver and / or boost board to (ii) the power supply and / or T-CON can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from about 1.5 m to about 10 m, from about 1.5 m to about 5 m, or from about 5 m to about 10 m). The shortest distance from (i) the display structure and / or boost board to (ii) the power supply and / or T-CON can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from about 5' to about 30', from about 10' to about 25', or from about 15' to about 20'). For example, the shortest distance from (i) the driver board and / or display structure to (ii) the power supply and / or T-CON can be at least about 5', 10', 15', 20', 25', 25', 30', 50', 100', 200', or 300' (ft). The shortest distance from (i) the display structure and / or boost board to (ii) the power supply and / or timing controller may be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from about 5' to about 300', from about 10' to about 25', from about 15' to about 20', from about 20' to about 50', from about 50' to about 200', or from about 100' to about 300').

[0135] In some embodiments, a local controller can control a viewing (e.g., colorable) window (e.g., as part of an IGU) and / or a display structure. The local controller may be part of a control network. The control network may be a hierarchical control network (e.g., as disclosed herein). The hierarchy of controllers in the control network may be static or dynamic. The local controller may be located adjacent to the display structure and / or IGU. The local controller may be mounted in a window frame, wall, floor, or ceiling. In some embodiments, a single local controller controls the viewing (e.g., colorable) window and the display structure (e.g., media displayed via the display structure). In some embodiments, a separate controller controls the viewing (e.g., colorable) window and the display structure (e.g., media displayed via the display structure). Communication between the local controller and other components of the network interface may be wired and / or wireless. Wired communication may include coaxial cable, twisted pair, NM cable, underfly (UF) cable, thermoplastic high heat-resistant nylon-coated (THHN) wire, thermoplastic heat-resistant and waterproof nylon-coated (THWN) wire, standard telephone line, or Category 3 (Cat 3) cable and / or Category 5 (Cat 5) cable. The control system (e.g., a local controller) may be communicatively coupled to the display structure (e.g., via a timing controller (T-CON)) via wired and / or wireless communication. For example, the display structure may be connected to the local controller via one or more wires and / or wirelessly. For example, the T-CON may be connected to the local controller via one or more wires. The shortest distance from (i) the display structure and / or T-CON to (ii) the local controller may be at least about 0.25 m, 0.5 m, 1 m, 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m, 3.5 m, 4 m, 4.5 m, 5 m, 5.5 m, 6 m, 6.5 m, 7 m, 8 m, or 10 meters (m). The shortest distance from (i) the display structure and / or T-CON to (ii) the local controller may have any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from about 0.25 m to about 10 m, from about 0.25 m to about 5 m, from about 5 m to about 7 m, or from about 7 m to about 10 m). The distance may correspond to a minimum measure of wire length (e.g., when the display structure is at least partially communicatively coupled to the local controller via wiring). The shortest distances between (i) the display structure and the local controller and (ii) the local controller and the power supply may be (e.g., substantially) equal. (I) The shortest distance between the display structure and the local controller, and (II) the shortest distance between the local controller and the power supply, may be (e.g., substantially) unequal. (I) The shortest distance between the timing controller and the local controller, and (II) the shortest distance between the local controller and the power supply, may be (e.g., substantially) equal. For example, (I) the shortest distance between the timing controller and the local controller may be less than (II) the shortest distance between the local controller and the power supply.For example, (I) the shortest distance between the timing controller and the local controller may be longer than (II) the shortest distance between the local controller and the power supply. The shortest distances between (I) the timing controller and the local controller, and (II) the local controller and the power supply, may be (e.g., substantially) unequal. For example, the shortest distance between (I) the timing controller and the local controller may be less than (II) the shortest distance between the local controller and the power supply. For example, the shortest distance between (I) the timing controller and the local controller may be greater than (II) the shortest distance between the local controller and the power supply.

[0136] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a vertical cross-section of a display construction portion coupled to a circuit system and fasteners, including: an L-shaped bracket 701 depicted in cross-section, a circuit system 702 (e.g., a booster plate), (multiple) cables 703, a foam pad 704, screws 705, tape 706, a first glass pane 707, an adhesive (e.g., OCA) 708, a display matrix 709, a second glass pane 710, a cover 714, a buffer 712, an adhesive 713, and a viewing window 711 (partial view shown). The display construction may include a flexible buffer (e.g., a polymer or resin) that separates the display construction from the window (e.g., 711). The buffer prevents glass-to-glass contact between the display construction and the window (e.g., a tinted window), which could lead to damage to the display construction and / or the window (e.g., preventing cracks and / or breakage). The buffer can increase the safety of the display construction, for example, when rotating about a hinge axis. In one embodiment presented in cross-section, the L-shaped bracket is defined by one or more right angles, but the angles may not be 90 degrees. In the depicted embodiment, the L-shaped bracket is attached to the protective glass cover (e.g., 707) via an adhesive element. In an embodiment, the adhesive element is adhesive tape. In one embodiment, the adhesive tape comprises VHB type tape. In one embodiment, the adhesive element is a liquid or gel adhesive that bonds the L-shaped bracket to the protective glass cover. The protective glass cover (e.g., 707) may be plastic, glass, or another transparent material. In one example, the thickness of the protective glass cover may be about 4 mm, but it may be thicker or thinner than 4 mm. The protective glass cover may be part of a display structure (e.g., a transparent display) and / or display structure (e.g., a transparent display) elements may be laminated to the protective glass cover. In the example shown in Figure 7, the second protective glass cover 710 is laminated to the transparent display element 709, which is a transparent display element 709 (e.g., T-OLED) sandwiched between the protective glass cover 707 and the second protective glass cover 710. The formed laminated structure may be adjacent to the viewing window (e.g., 711) or parallel to but spaced apart from the viewing window. The laminated structure including the first glass pane 707, the display matrix 709, and the second glass pane 710 (e.g., the second glass cover) can be considered as a transparent display assembly (also referred to herein as the "display structure").

[0137] In one embodiment, the adhesive element has sufficient strength to support the weight of the transparent display assembly. As depicted, one side of the L-shaped bracket (e.g., 701) serves as the surface of the adhesive element, and at least such a surface area is attached to the transparent display assembly via a protective glass cover (e.g., 707).

[0138] As depicted in the example shown in Figure 7, a cover 714 is attached to an L-shaped bracket 701. In this example, the L-shaped bracket 701 includes overhanging portions on vertical legs. Together with the cover 714, a chamber is formed housing a circuit system 702 for a display matrix. The circuit system 702 may be in the form of a circuit board (e.g., a driver and / or a boost board). In one embodiment, the cover seals the electronics against environmental influences via one or more gaskets. In one embodiment, the L-shaped bracket 701 is configured to provide mobility and / or physical connectivity between the window frame and the display structure (e.g., see Figure 1A). In one embodiment, the circuit system 702 is coupled to the display matrix via one or more conductors, such as ribbon cables, flexible circuits, and / or other wired connections 175. In some embodiments, the wired connection 175 (refer to Figure 2B) may be a miniature coaxial cable (e.g., see 802, Figure 8). In one embodiment, the wired connection 802 may terminate at an L-shaped bracket with a multi-pin connector (see Figure 8, 803).

[0139] In some embodiments, the display construct includes a touch screen. The display construct may include one or more optical sensors at its edges to facilitate the functionality of the touch screen for (multiple) users. The touch screen may receive contact (e.g., touch) input from (multiple) users and deliver an output response. The response may be functional and may include visual, data, or sound changes. The touch screen may utilize a display matrix. The display construct may be operatively coupled to an information processing system (e.g., including one or more processors and / or a network interface). (Multiple) users may use the information processing system via simple (e.g., single) or multi-touch gestures by touching a pane of the display construct facing (multiple) users. Touch may be performed using a dedicated device (e.g., a stylus or electronic pen) or one or any part of the body (e.g., multiple fingers). The dedicated device may be adapted to the display construct. The touchscreen can be a resistive touchscreen, a surface acoustic wave touchscreen (e.g., using ultrasound), a capacitive touchscreen, an infrared grid touchscreen (e.g., using a photosensor), an optical imaging screen (e.g., using a CMOS sensor), an infrared acrylic projection screen (e.g., including an infrared LED), a dispersive signal touchscreen, or an acoustic pulse recognition touchscreen. The display structure is enhanced according to the requirements of the touchscreen technology. For example, when the touchscreen requires a sensor (e.g., CMOS) and / or a projector (e.g., LED), these devices are added to the display structure, for example, by placing them within a frame surrounding at least a portion of the display structure.

[0140] In some embodiments, the display configuration may function as a touch screen. The frame may include one or more sensors disposed on or within the frame. The frame may include circuitry, one or more connectors (e.g., to power and / or network systems), and any optical components (e.g., reflectors, mirrors, prisms, beam splitters, and / or lenses). The sensors may be configured to detect the presence and position of a user's finger, stylus, marker, smart pen, and / or other marking and / or indicating device within an area defined by the frame shape (e.g., an area spanned by the surface of the transparent display assembly). The sensors may be disposed along and / or within the length of one or more frame portions (e.g., within a channel defined by one or more frame portions). One or more frame portions may include sensors, circuitry, and / or connections. One or more frame portions may include at least one, two, three, or four frame portions (e.g., 1012, 1019, and 1020). Frame portions may be bezels. Frame portions may include recesses. The frame portion can be configured to hold the display structure. The width of the recess in the frame portion can be configured to adapt to the width of the display structure. In some embodiments, all edges (e.g., sides) of the display structure may include a touchscreen frame. Circuitry can process signals from sensors and output signals indicating the position of a marker or indicator device within the area defined by the frame. The frame may include connections to other circuitry, including circuitry disposed on or coupled to the transparent display assembly (e.g., circuitry on an L-shaped bracket). The circuitry may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: a processor, memory, a display, analog and / or digital circuitry.

[0141] The frame can provide a transparent display assembly with interactive display functionality (e.g., whiteboard functionality). The fixed or moving position of a user's finger or pointing device relative to the transparent display can be sensed by sensors in the frame within an area defined by the frame, and a signal indicating the position can be generated by circuitry in the frame. The signal indicating the position within the area defined by the frame may include signals compatible with the display technology of the display. In some embodiments, the signal indicating the position within the area defined by the frame includes, but is not limited to, Universal Serial Bus (USB) and / or High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) signals. The signal indicating the fixed or moving position of the user's finger or pointing device within the area of ​​the frame can be processed by software and / or circuitry associated with the frame and / or the transparent frame assembly. The processed signal can be displayed on the transparent display assembly, for example, as a representation of the fixed or moving position (e.g., writing, printing, shapes). The software associated with the frame and / or transparent display can be configured to provide additional functionality, including but not limited to (i) displaying the sensed position of a user's finger or other pointing device on another display or device, (ii) interaction between more than one user and the transparent display and frame, (iii) exporting displayed content, (iv) importing displayed content, (v) erasing displayed content, and / or (vi) selecting displayed colors. In one embodiment, the frame may include one or more commercially available touchscreens (e.g., from FlatFrog Corporation, 333 West San Carlos Street, San Jose, California 95110).

[0142] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a display configuration 1010, an assembly including a fastener with blade 1021, main hinges 1018 and 1015 allowing rotation of the display configuration about its axis, and an auxiliary hinge (including portion 1017) that facilitates exposure of a portion of the circuitry 1016 (e.g., a boost plate and / or driver board). Blade 1021 has an opening that facilitates access to the circuitry 1016 via an opening covered by hinge blade 1017. Display configuration 1010 is framed by a touchscreen sensor array 1013 and protective covers 1012 and 1019 that cover the sensor array with a protective frame. Display configuration 1050 illustrates a touchscreen sensor array 1052 covered and assembled using display configuration 1050, and assembled fasteners 1056. In some instances, the auxiliary hinge (e.g., 1017) is absent (e.g., as in example 3504). In some embodiments, fasteners (including main hinges) have openings through which at least a portion of the circuitry (e.g., a PCB) can be viewed and / or accessed. For example, at least some of the connectors in the circuitry can be viewed and / or accessed through the openings. For example, at least some of the connectors between the circuitry and the display structure can be viewed and / or accessed through the openings (e.g., see FIG. 35, an opening 3504 allowing viewing of a connector 3509 attached to the circuitry 3530 (e.g., including a boost board and / or driver board).

[0143] In one embodiment, the fastener includes one or more portions configured to provide a physical connection between the transparent display and a window (e.g., a hinge). In another embodiment, one or more portions of the fastener are configured to provide movement between the transparent display and a window pane (e.g., using a hinge with the fastener).

[0144] Referring to Figure 4, in one embodiment, the L-shaped bracket includes one or more hinges, such as hinge 400. In one embodiment, the hinge includes a plurality of elongated holes or slots. In one embodiment, the extension axis of at least one of the plurality of holes is orthogonal to the extension axis of at least one other of the plurality of holes. This allows for a method of mounting the transparent display assembly to the window frame. For example, one or more hinges (e.g., 400) are mounted to the window frame via holes that provide the distance between the transparent display assembly and the window (e.g., 711). Prior to installation, the L-shaped bracket (e.g., 701) pre-installed to the transparent display assembly can be attached to another leg of one or more hinges (e.g., 400), which, via the other plurality of holes orthogonal to the holes on the other leg of the hinge, centers the L-shaped bracket / transparent display element within the viewable area of ​​the window among the frame elements.

[0145] Referring to Figure 7, in one embodiment, one or more hinges have an engagement 750 connecting a first hinge leaf 752 and a second hinge leaf 753 shown in the closed position 791. The open position is shown at 720, where dotted arrow 790 indicates the relative movement of the first hinge leaf and the second hinge leaf, which may be referred to herein as the "first leg" and the second hinge leaf as the "second leg". The first leg may be coupled to or include a bracket. Fasteners including hinge leaves 752 and 753 are coupled to display structure 754 (partial view shown) and window 751 (partial view shown). The second leg may be coupled to window frame 755. In one embodiment, one or more hinges are configured to enable movement of the transparent display assembly away from or toward the viewing window. In one embodiment, this movement is rotation about a longitudinal axis, i.e., pivoting. In one embodiment, during movement of the transparent display relative to the viewing window, the transparent display assembly does not move relative to the circuitry 757 (e.g., the boost board and / or driver board), conductors 758 such as ribbon cables, and / or other wiring elements used to couple the transparent display to the circuitry. Figure 7 illustrates an example of a display configuration 784 (partial view shown) coupled to a first hinge blade 782. The hinge blade 782 engages via a joint 780 to a second hinge blade 783 coupled to a cover 785, which is coupled to the window frame of the window 781 (partial view shown).

[0146] This configuration provides a longer lifespan for the electrical connection between the display and the controller (e.g., T-CON) because the connection is not affected by movement and friction associated with the movement of the transparent display and fastener (e.g., bracket) assembly.

[0147] Referring to Figure 8, in one embodiment, seals are provided along at least three edges of the transparent display assembly, such as along the edges of the laminated assembly as described herein. In this embodiment, the seals are in the form of silicone or other transparent plastic, resin, or other polymer caps (or buffers) that fit over the edges of the laminated transparent assembly to seal the unit. The seals may provide a buffering function between the second protective glass cover (e.g., Figures 7, 710) and the window (e.g., Figures 7, 711). Figure 8 shows an example of a perspective view of the display configuration 850 and the seals applied, for example, by using an applicator (e.g., a syringe gun) 810 along three sides of the display configuration 850, according to arrows 811, 812, and 813. The display configuration 850 is coupled to a fastener 530, and wires 802 connect the display matrix in the display configuration to the fastener, where the circuitry is housed (currently shown). The display structure 850, as shown in the example of FIG8, is also illustrated as a vertical cross-section 830 of a portion of the display structure comprising a thicker support structure (e.g., a glass pane) 804, a thinner support structure (e.g., a glass pane) 805, adhesive layers 806 and 808, a display matrix 807, and a seal 809. The seal may protrude from the support structure (e.g., the glass pane) and / or act as a buffer. The protrusion of the seal may be random or oriented. For example, the protrusion may face one side of the display structure (e.g., where it is intended to touch the window). The protrusion of the seal may be (e.g., substantially) uniform or non-uniform (e.g., facing one side of the display structure).

[0148] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a cover 903 (shown in cross-section) that can be used to conceal the L-shaped bracket 904 from view. The cover 903 can be removably attached to a window frame 905. Power and communication can be delivered to the transparent display assembly via wires 906 housed within the window frame 905 in this example. The L-shaped bracket allows for maintenance or replacement of the transparent display, and / or maintenance or replacement of any circuitry (e.g., in fasteners housing the bracket as part of it). Figure 9 illustrates an example of a transparent display assembly having a display configuration including (e.g., glass) panes 907, a display matrix 908, and (e.g., glass) panes 902, the display configuration being coupled to or including a frame 905. The frame may include portions coupled to or configured to be coupled to each other. The frame may include at least three (3) portions. The frame may include a shape that matches (e.g., approximates) the shape of at least a portion of the periphery of the display configuration (e.g., the transparent display assembly). The frame may be coupled or attached to the sides (or edges) of a display structure (e.g., a transparent display assembly). In one embodiment, frame portions are coupled to each other to form a frame shape, for example, after the frame portions have been coupled to the display structure (e.g., the transparent display assembly). In another embodiment, frame portions may be coupled to each other to form a frame shape, for example, before the frame portions are coupled to the display structure (e.g., the transparent display assembly). The display structure (e.g., the transparent display assembly) may be positioned within the area defined by the frame shape. The frame portions may include channels (e.g., U-shaped channels) configured to receive and / or retain the sides of the transparent display assembly therein.

[0149] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a window frame (e.g., a vertical frame) portion 951 attached to a fastener 953 (which includes a hinge / lock 952). The fastener 953 is coupled to a display structure 954 (partial view shown) and an integrated glass unit 961 (IGU) (partial view shown), which includes a first pane 955, a closed environment 957, a second pane 956, and an electrochromic structure 958 disposed on the pane 956. The closed environment in the IGU may be an insulating, (e.g., hermetically sealed), and / or inert environment. Figure 9 illustrates an example of a power supply unit and / or controller (e.g., a timing controller) disposed in the frame portion 951, commonly designated as digit 959; and an electrical wiring and / or communication path 960 extending from the environment outside the window frame 951 to the display structure 954. The electrical wiring and / or communication path may extend through the window frame to the IGU. The electrical wiring and / or communication path may extend through the controller and / or power assembly to the IGU. The window panes may be made of a transparent rigid material (e.g., glass or polymers, such as plastic). The transparency may be such that they are sensitive to ordinary viewers at least in terms of wavelength.

[0150] This invention should not be limited to the embodiments, styles, and advantages disclosed above, as other embodiments, styles, and advantages are within the scope of this invention, including one or more of the following. In one embodiment, the invention includes a structure (e.g., a fastener) comprising a first portion and a second portion configured to move relative to each other. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more brackets. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more hinges. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more electrical connectors. In one embodiment, the electrical connector comprises a miniature coaxial cable. In one embodiment, the electrical connector comprises one or more ribbon cables. In one embodiment, the structure is configured to be mounted to a display structure (e.g., including a transparent display). In one embodiment, the transparent display is a T.OLED display. In one embodiment, the display structure (e.g., including a transparent display) comprises one or more optically clear glasses, hardened polymers (e.g., plastics), or hardened resins. In one embodiment, the structure includes one or more electronic circuits configured to communicate with a display matrix (e.g., a transparent display matrix). In one embodiment, the structure is configured to be mounted to a frame. In one embodiment, the frame comprises a window frame. In one embodiment, the structure is configured to be mounted to the FLS (e.g., length) of a transparent display. In one embodiment, the structure includes a length ranging from about 0.1 feet to about 10 feet. In one embodiment, a first portion of the fastener includes at least one bracket and a second portion of the fastener includes one or more hinges. In one embodiment, the structure includes a display matrix and adhesive elements, wherein the display matrix is ​​mounted to the first and / or second portions, for example, via adhesive elements. In one embodiment, the adhesive elements include adhesive tape. In one embodiment, the adhesive tape includes VHB tape. In one embodiment, the first and / or second portions of the fastener are configured to be mounted to a viewing window (e.g., a tinted window). In one embodiment, the first portion of the fastener is configured to be mounted to the display structure and the second portion is configured to be mounted to the window (wherein the second portion includes a hinge). In one embodiment, the hinge includes a plurality of elongated holes, wherein the extension axis of at least one of the plurality of holes is orthogonal to the extension axis of at least one of the plurality of holes.

[0151] In one embodiment, the invention includes a frame. The frame may include a transparent display and fasteners (including brackets), configured to provide movement and physical connectivity between the frame and a display structure (e.g., including a transparent display). In one embodiment, the frame includes a window frame. In one embodiment, the bracket includes an L-shaped bracket, wherein the L-shaped bracket is coupled to the frame and the display structure (e.g., including a transparent display). In one embodiment, the bracket is coupled to the transparent display via an adhesive structure. In one embodiment, the adhesive structure includes adhesive tape. In one embodiment, the bracket includes one or more hinges. In one embodiment, the hinges are configured to provide movement of the display structure (e.g., including a transparent display) relative to a fixed element (e.g., a window frame). In one embodiment, the movement includes rotational movement. In one embodiment, the movement is about a horizontal axis. In one embodiment, the movement is about a vertical axis. In one embodiment, the frame includes a window pane (e.g., a window pane). In one embodiment, the bracket is configured to allow one side of the transparent display to move close to or against one side of the window pane. In one embodiment, the frame defines an interior region (e.g., the surface of a window within the frame), wherein the transparent display includes a height and width defining a region mating within the interior region. In one embodiment, an area of ​​the display structure (e.g., including a transparent display) conforms substantially to all internal areas. In another embodiment, the area of ​​the transparent display conforms to half or less than half of the internal areas. In yet another embodiment, the structure includes one or more conductors, ribbon cables, and / or connectors, and the conductors, ribbon cables, and / or connectors provide electrical connectivity between the controls and the transparent display.

[0152] In some embodiments, an assembly having a display structure and fasteners is formed. The display structure may be adhered to at least one component of the fasteners, such as a bracket. Figure 11 illustrates an example of the stages of constructing the assembly of the display structure and fasteners. In 1110, the display structure 1112 has a designated area 1112 for adhesive application. In 1120, adhesive is applied to the designated area according to arrows, such as 1121. In 1130, a fastener 1131 (e.g., an L-shaped bracket) is placed on the designated area of ​​adhesive, and the applied adhesive is placed on the designated area of ​​adhesive. Items 1121, 1131, and 1112 illustrate portions of the display structure. The fasteners and the display structure may be disposed in the same plane or different planes. At least a portion of the fasteners may be disposed in the same plane or different planes relative to the display structure. The display structure may be angularly coupled to the fasteners (e.g., as shown in Figure 12, 1210). The display structure and fasteners can form a plane (e.g., as shown in 1220). Figure 12 shows examples of display structure 1211 forming an angle with fastener 1218 and display structure 1221 forming a flat plane with fastener 1228. The display structure may include an irradiating entity (e.g., an LED) that irradiates more in one direction than in another (e.g., more in the forward direction than in the backward direction). An image displayed by the display matrix is ​​more clearly visible from one side of the display matrix than from its opposite side. The display structure may include two display matrices (e.g., LED matrices) with irradiating entities arranged back-to-back. At least one of the two display matrices (e.g., each) may be arranged such that its more irradiated side faces away from the rear (and towards the viewer), and its less irradiated side faces the rear (and away from the viewer). The back-to-back arrangement of the display matrices in the display structure can facilitate clear image viewing from both sides of the display structure. A display structure with back-to-back display matrices can utilize a flat fastener (e.g., 1228). In some embodiments, two display structures may be configured to be arranged adjacent to each other back-to-back, for example, such that at least one of the display structures (e.g., each) illuminates its more rearward side (and towards the viewer) and its less rearward side (and away from the viewer). The two back-to-back display structures may be secured to a structure (e.g., a fastener) using a flat fastener (e.g., 1228).

[0153] In some embodiments, a window is disposed within an enclosure. In some embodiments, the enclosure comprises an area defined by at least one structure. The at least one structure may include at least one wall. The enclosure may include and / or enclose one or more sub-enclosures. At least one wall may comprise metal (e.g., steel), clay, stone, plastic, glass, plaster (e.g., gypsum), polymer (e.g., polyurethane, styrene, or vinyl), asbestos, fiberglass, concrete (e.g., reinforced concrete), wood, paper, or ceramic. At least one wall may comprise electrical wiring, brick, blocks (e.g., cinder blocks), ceramic tiles, drywall, or a frame (e.g., steel frame).

[0154] In some embodiments, the enclosure includes one or more openings. The openings may be reversibly closed. The openings may be permanently open. The basic length dimension of the openings may be smaller than the basic length dimension of the walls(s) defining the enclosure. The basic length dimension may include the diameter, length, width, or height of the defining circle. The surface of the openings may be smaller than the surface of the walls(s) defining the enclosure. The opening surface may be a percentage of the total surface area of ​​the walls(s). For example, the opening surface may occupy up to about 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 1% of the walls(s). The walls(s) may include floors, ceilings, or sidewalls. The closable opening may be closed by at least one window or door. The enclosure may be at least part of a facility. The facility may include a building. The enclosure may include at least part of a building. The building may be a private building and / or a commercial building. The building may include one or more floors. A building (e.g., its floors) may include at least one of the following: rooms, halls, lofts, attics, basements, balconies (e.g., interior or exterior balconies), stairwells, corridors, elevator shafts, facades, mezzanines, penthouses, garages, porches (e.g., enclosed porches), terraces (e.g., enclosed terraces), cafeterias, and / or pipework. In some embodiments, the enclosure may be stationary and / or movable (e.g., a train, airplane, ship, vehicle, or rocket).

[0155] In some embodiments, the enclosure encloses an atmosphere. The atmosphere may contain one or more gases. The gases may include inert gases (e.g., containing argon or nitrogen) and / or non-inert gases (e.g., containing oxygen or carbon dioxide). The enclosure atmosphere may be similar to the atmosphere outside the enclosure (e.g., the ambient atmosphere) in at least one external atmospheric characteristic, including: temperature, relative gas content, gas type (e.g., humidity and / or oxygen content), debris (e.g., dust and / or pollen), and / or gas velocity. The enclosure atmosphere may differ from the atmosphere outside the enclosure in at least one external atmospheric characteristic, including: temperature, relative gas content, gas type (e.g., humidity and / or oxygen content), debris (e.g., dust and / or pollen), and / or gas velocity. For example, the enclosure atmosphere may be less humid (e.g., drier) than the external (e.g., ambient) atmosphere. For example, the enclosure atmosphere and the atmosphere outside the enclosure may have the same (e.g., substantially similar) oxygen to nitrogen ratio. The velocity of gas within a closed system can be (e.g., substantially) similar throughout the closed system. The velocity of gas within a closed system can differ in different parts of the closed system (e.g., by allowing gas to flow through a vent coupled to the closed system).

[0156] Some of the disclosed embodiments provide network infrastructure within an enclosed space (e.g., a facility such as a building). The network infrastructure can be used for various purposes, such as providing communication and / or power services. Communication services may include high-frequency broadband (e.g., wireless and / or wired) communication services. Communication services may be directed to occupants of the facility and / or users outside the facility (e.g., a building). The network infrastructure may work in conjunction with or as a replacement for the infrastructure of one or more cellular operators. The network infrastructure may be located in a facility including electrically switchable windows. Examples of components of the network infrastructure include high-speed backhaul. The network infrastructure may include at least one cable, switch, physical antenna, transceiver, sensor, transmitter, receiver, radio, processor, and / or controller (which may include a processor). The network infrastructure may be operatively coupled to and / or include a wireless network. The network infrastructure may include cabling. One or more sensors may be deployed (e.g., mounted) in the environment as part of and / or after the network is installed. Network infrastructure can be configured to facilitate at least third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), or fifth-generation (5G) cellular communication. The network can be configured to facilitate media transmission (e.g., presentations, still images, or video (e.g., movies and / or advertisements)). The network can be configured for simultaneous data and power communication (e.g., on the same cable such as a coaxial cable). The network can be a local area network. The network can include cables configured to transmit power and communication in a single cable. The communication can be one or more types of communication. The communication can include cellular communication conforming to at least second-generation (2G), third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), or fifth-generation (5G) cellular communication protocols. Communication can include media communication facilitating the streaming of still images, music, or animation (e.g., movies or videos). Communication can include data communication (e.g., sensor data). Communication can include control communication, such as controlling one or more nodes operatively coupled to the network. The network may include a first (e.g., cabling) network installed within the facility. The network may include (e.g., cabling) networks installed within the envelope of the facility (e.g., such as within the envelope of an enclosure of the facility; for example, within the envelope of a building within the facility).

[0157] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a network configured for transmitting any communication (e.g., signaling) and / or (e.g., electrical) power that facilitates any of the operations disclosed herein. Communication may include control communication, cellular communication, media communication, and / or data communication. Data communication may include sensor data communication and / or processed data communication. The network may be configured to comply with one or more protocols that facilitate this communication. For example, a communication protocol used by the network (e.g., with a BMS) may include the Building Automation and Control Network Protocol (BACnet). The network may be configured to (e.g., including hardware that facilitates) communication protocols including: BACnet (e.g., BACnet / SC), LonWorks, Modbus, KNX, European Home Systems Protocol (EHS), BatiBUS, European Installation Bus (EIB or Instabus), Zigbee, Z-Wave, Insteon, X10, Bluetooth, or WiFi. The network can be configured to transmit control-related protocols. Communication protocols can facilitate cellular communication that adheres to at least 2nd, 3rd, 4th, or 5th generation cellular communication protocols. (E.g., cabling) The network can contain tree, linear, or star topologies. The network can contain interactive and / or distributed application models for various tasks in building automation. The control system provides schemes for configuring and / or managing resources on the network. The network allows portions of distributed applications to be coupled together in a operatively coupled manner to different nodes on the network. The network can provide a communication system with messaging protocols and models for stacking communication at each node (capable of managing distributed applications (e.g., with a common kernel function)). The control system may include (multiple) programmable logic controllers (PLCs).

[0158] In some embodiments, the enclosure includes one or more sensors. The sensors facilitate control over the enclosure's environment, enabling the enclosure's inhabitants to have an environment that is more comfortable, desirable, aesthetically pleasing, healthy, productive (e.g., in terms of resident performance), easier to live in (e.g., work), or any combination thereof. The sensors (multiple) can be configured as low- or high-resolution sensors. The sensors can provide on / off indications of the occurrence and / or presence of specific environmental events (e.g., a single-pixel sensor).

[0159] In various embodiments, the network infrastructure supports a control system for one or more viewing windows, such as electrochromic (e.g., colorable) windows. The control system may include controllers operatively coupled (e.g., directly or indirectly) to one or more windows. In some embodiments, the electrochromic window is an example of an optically switchable window, a colorable window, and / or a smart window. The concepts disclosed herein are applicable to other types of switchable optical devices, including, for example, liquid crystal devices or levitated particle devices. For instance, liquid crystal devices and / or levitated particle devices may be implemented as alternatives to or supplements to electrochromic devices.

[0160] In some embodiments, a tinted window presents a (e.g., controllable and / or reversible) change in at least one optical property of the window, such as when a stimulus is applied. The stimulus may include optical, electrical, and / or magnetic stimuli. For example, the stimulus may include the application of a voltage. One or more tinted windows may be used to control lighting and / or glare conditions, for example, by regulating the transmission of solar energy through them. One or more tinted windows may be used to control the temperature within a building, for example, by regulating the transmission of solar energy through them. Solar energy control can control the heat load imposed on the interior of an facility (e.g., a building). Control may be manual and / or automatic. Control may be used to maintain one or more requested (e.g., environmental) conditions, such as occupant comfort. Control may include reducing the energy consumption of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and / or lighting systems. At least two of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be induced by a single system. At least two of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be induced by a single system. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning may be induced by a single system (hereinafter referred to as "HVAC"). In some cases, a colorable window may respond to (e.g., and communicatively coupled to) one or more environmental sensors and / or user controls. A colorable window may include (e.g., an electrochromic window). The window may be located from the interior to the exterior of a structure (e.g., a facility, such as a building). However, this is not necessary. A colorable window may use liquid crystal devices, suspended particle devices, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices (such as miniature shutters), or any technology configured to control the light transmittance through the window. A window (e.g., having MEMS devices for coloring) is described in U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 443,353, filed May 15, 2015, entitled "MULTI-PANE WINDOWS INCLUDING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES AND ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS DEVICES," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some cases, one or more viewing (e.g., tinted) windows may be located inside a building, such as between a conference room and a corridor. In other cases, one or more viewing (e.g., tinted) windows may be used in cars, trains, airplanes, and other vehicles, for example, in place of passive and / or untinted windows.

[0161] In some embodiments, the tintable window includes an electrochromic device (referred herein to as an "EC device" (abbreviated as ECD) or "EC"). The EC device may include at least one coating comprising at least one layer. The at least one layer may include an electrochromic material. In some embodiments, the electrochromic material exhibits a change from one optical state to another, for example, when a potential is applied across the EC device. The transition of the electrochromic layer from one optical state to another may be caused, for example, by reversible, semi-reversible, or irreversible ion insertion (e.g., by means of embedding) and corresponding injection of charge-balanced electrons into the electrochromic material. For example, the transition of the electrochromic layer from one optical state to another may be caused, for example, by reversible ion insertion (e.g., by means of embedding) and corresponding injection of charge-balanced electrons into the electrochromic material. Reversibility may refer to the expected lifetime of the ECD. Semi-reversibility refers to a measurable (e.g., significant) degradation of the tint reversibility of the window within one or more tinting cycles. In some cases, a portion of the ions responsible for the optical transition are irreversibly bound to the electrochromic material (e.g., and thus the hue state induced by the window is irreversible to its original hue state). In various EC devices, at least some (e.g., all) of the irreversibly bound ions can be used to compensate for the "blind charge" in the material (e.g., ECD).

[0162] In some embodiments, suitable ions include cations. Cations may include lithium ions (Li+) and / or hydrogen ions (H+) (i.e., protons). In some embodiments, other ions may be suitable. Cations may be intercalated into (e.g., metal) oxides. Changes in the intercalation state of ions (e.g., cations) into oxides can induce a visible change in the hue (e.g., color) of the oxide. For example, an oxide may change from a colorless state to a colored state. For example, the intercalation of lithium ions into tungsten oxide (WO3-y (0 < y ≤ about 0.3)) can cause tungsten oxide to change from a transparent state to a colored (e.g., blue) state. As described herein, the EC device coating is located within the viewable portion of a colorable window, such that the coloring of the EC device coating can be used to control the optical state of the colorable window.

[0163] Figure 13 illustrates an example of a schematic cross-section of an electrochromic structure 1300 according to some embodiments. An EC device coating is attached to a substrate 1302, a transparent conductive layer (TCL) 1304, an electrochromic layer (EC) 1306 (sometimes also referred to as a cathode-colored layer or cathode-colored layer), an ion-conducting layer or region (IC) 1308, a counter electrode layer (CE) 1310 (sometimes also referred to as an anode-colored layer or anode-colored layer), and a second TCL 1314. Elements 1304, 1306, 1308, 1310, and 1314 are collectively referred to as an electrochromic stack 120. A voltage source 1316 operable to apply a potential to the electrochromic stack 1320 enables the electrochromic coating to transition from, for example, a clear state to a colored state. In other embodiments, the order of the layers is reversed relative to the substrate. That is, the layers are arranged in the following order: substrate, TCL, counter electrode layer, ion-conducting layer, electrochromic material layer, TCL.

[0164] In various embodiments, ion-conducting regions (e.g., 1308) may be formed from a portion of the EC layer (e.g., 1306) and / or from a portion of the CE layer (e.g., 1310). In such embodiments, the electrochromic stack (e.g., 1320) may be deposited to include a cathodic-dyed electrochromic material (EC layer) in direct physical contact with the anodic-dyed opposing electrode material (CE layer). Ion-conducting regions (sometimes referred to as interface regions or substantially electronically insulating layers or regions that are ion-conducting) may be formed, for example, via heating and / or other processing steps at the junction of the EC layer and the CE layer. Examples of electrochromic devices (e.g., including those manufactured without depositing dissimilar ion-conducting materials) can be found in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 462,725, filed May 2, 2012, entitled "ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the EC device coating may include one or more passive layers or additional layers. Passive layers may be used to improve certain optical properties, provide moisture and / or provide scratch resistance. These and / or other passive layers may be used to hermetically seal the EC stack 120. Various layers, including transparent conductive layers (such as 1304 and 1314), may be treated with antireflective and / or protective layers (e.g., oxide and / or nitride layers).

[0165] In some embodiments, the electrochromic device is configured to (e.g., substantially) reversibly cycle between a clear state and a tinted state. Reversibility can occur within the expected lifetime of the ECD. The expected lifetime can be at least about 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, 25 years, 50 years, 75 years, or 100 years. The expected lifetime can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., from about 5 years to about 100 years, from about 2 years to about 25 years, from about 25 years to about 50 years, or from about 50 years to about 100 years). A potential can be applied to the electrochromic stack (e.g., 1320) such that available ions in the stack that can cause the electrochromic material (e.g., 1306) to be in the tinted state primarily reside in the opposite electrode (e.g., 1310) when the window is in a first tint state (e.g., clear). When the potential applied to the electrochromic stack is reversed, ions can be transported across the ion-conducting layer (e.g., 1308) to the electrochromic material and cause the material to enter a second hue state (e.g., a colored state).

[0166] It should be understood that the reference to the transition between the clear and tinted states is non-limiting and represents only one example among many instances of feasible electrochromic transitions. Unless otherwise specified, whenever a reference is made to a clear to tinted transition, the corresponding apparatus or procedure encompasses other optical state transitions, such as non-reflective to reflective and / or transparent to opaque transitions. In some embodiments, the terms "clear" and "bleached" refer to optically neutral states, such as untinted, transparent, and / or translucent. In some embodiments, the "color" or "hue" of the electrochromic transition is not limited to any wavelength or wavelength range. The selection of suitable electrochromic materials and relative electrode materials can control the associated optical transitions (e.g., from a tinted state to an untinted state).

[0167] In some embodiments, at least a portion (e.g., all) of the materials constituting the electrochromic stack are inorganic, solid (e.g., in a solid state), or both inorganic and solid. Because various organic materials tend to degrade over time, especially when exposed to heat and UV light through tinted building windows, inorganic materials offer the advantage of a reliable electrochromic stack that can function for extended periods. In some embodiments, solid materials offer the advantage of minimal contamination and minimized leakage problems, as liquid materials sometimes do occur. One or more layers in the stack may contain a certain amount of organic material (e.g., measurable). The ECD or any portion thereof (e.g., one or more layers) may contain very little or no measurable organic matter. The ECD or any portion thereof (e.g., one or more layers) may contain one or more liquids that may be present in very small amounts. The very little may be at most about 100 ppm, 10 ppm, or 1 ppm of the ECD. Solid materials can be deposited (or otherwise formed) using one or more processes employing liquid components (such as certain sol-gel processes, physical vapor deposition, and / or chemical vapor deposition).

[0168] Figure 14 illustrates an example of a cross-sectional view of a tintable window embodied in an insulating glass unit (“IGU”) 1400 according to some implementations. When an IGU is provided for installation in a building, it may be necessary for the IGU to serve as the basic structure for holding an electrochromic window pane (also referred to herein as a “pane” and presented as a single “pane”). The IGU pane can be a single-substrate or multi-substrate construction. The pane may comprise, for example, a laminate of two substrates. An IGU (e.g., having a double-pane or triple-pane configuration) can offer several advantages over a single-pane configuration. For example, a multi-pane configuration can provide enhanced thermal insulation, noise insulation, environmental protection, and / or durability compared to a single-pane configuration. A multi-pane configuration can provide enhanced protection for the ECD. For example, an electrochromic film (e.g., and associated layers and conductive interconnects) can be formed on the inner surface of the multi-pane IGU and protected by an inert gas filling within the internal volume of the IGU (e.g., 1408). Inert gas filling can provide at least some (thermal) insulation to the IGU. Electrochromic IGUs can have heat-blocking capabilities, for example, by means of a colorable coating that absorbs (and / or reflects) heat and light.

[0169] In some embodiments, an "IGU" includes two (or more) substantially transparent substrates. For example, an IGU may include two glass panes. At least one substrate of the IGU may include an electrochromic device disposed thereon. One or more panes of the IGU may have a separator disposed therebetween. The IGU may be hermetically sealed, for example, having an internal area isolated from the surrounding environment. A "window assembly" may include an IGU. A "window assembly" may include (e.g., a separate) laminate. A "window assembly" may include one or more electrical wires, for example for connecting the IGU and / or the laminate. The electrical wires may operatively couple (e.g., connect) one or more electrochromic devices to a voltage source, switch, or the like, and may include a frame supporting the IGU or the laminate. The window assembly may include a window controller, and / or components of the window controller (e.g., a mating part).

[0170] Figure 14 illustrates an example implementation of IGU 1400, which includes a first pane 1404 having a first surface S1 and a second surface S2. In some implementations, the first surface S1 of the first pane 1404 faces an external environment, such as the outdoors or an external environment. IGU 200 also includes a second pane 1406 having a first surface S3 and a second surface S4. In some implementations, the second surface (e.g., S4) of the second pane (e.g., 1406) faces an internal environment, such as the interior environment of a house, building, vehicle, or its compartment (e.g., an enclosed space, such as a room).

[0171] In some implementations, the first and second panes (e.g., 1404 and 1406) are transparent or translucent, for example, transparent or translucent at least for light in the visible spectrum. For instance, each of the panes (e.g., 1404 and 1406) may be formed of a glass material. The glass material may include structural glass and / or shatterproof glass. The glass may contain silicon oxide (SO₄⁻). The glass may contain soda-lime glass or float glass. The glass may contain at least about 75% silicon dioxide (SiO₂). The glass may contain oxides such as Na₂O or CaO. The glass may contain alkali metal or alkaline earth oxides. The glass may contain one or more additives. The first and / or second panes may comprise any material having suitable optical, electrical, thermal, and / or mechanical properties. Other materials (e.g., substrates) that may be included in the first and / or second panes are plastic, semi-plastic, and / or thermoplastic materials, such as poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, allyl diethylene glycol carbonate, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polyester, and / or polyamide. The first and / or second panes may include a mirror material (e.g., silver). In some embodiments, the first and / or second panes may be strengthened. Strengthening may include tempering, heat strengthening, and / or chemical strengthening.

[0172] In some embodiments, multiple sensors are operatively coupled to at least one controller and / or processor. Sensor readings may be obtained by one or more processors and / or controllers. The controller may include a processing unit (e.g., CPU or GPU). The controller may receive input (e.g., from at least one sensor). The controller may include circuitry, electrical wiring, optical wiring, slots, and / or sockets. The controller may deliver outputs. The controller may include multiple (e.g., sub-controllers). The controller may be part of a control system. The control system may include a main controller, floor (e.g., including a network controller) controllers, and local controllers. Local controllers may be window controllers (e.g., controlling optically switchable windows), enclosure controllers, or component controllers. For example, the controller may be part of a hierarchical control system (e.g., including a main controller that directs one or more controllers, such as floor controllers, local controllers (e.g., window controllers), enclosure controllers, and / or component controllers). The physical location of the controller type in a hierarchical control system may change. For example: In a first time: the first processor can act as the main controller, the second processor can act as the floor controller, and the third processor can act as the local controller. In a second time: the second processor can act as the main controller, the first processor can act as the floor controller, and the third processor can maintain the role of the local controller. In a third time: the third processor can act as the main controller, the second processor can act as the floor controller, and the first processor can act as the local controller. The controller can control one or more devices (e.g., directly coupled to the devices). The controller can be located close to one or more devices it controls. For example, the controller can control optically switchable devices (e.g., IGUs), antennas, sensors, and / or output devices (e.g., light sources, sound sources, odor sources, gas sources, HVAC outlets, or heaters). In one embodiment, the floor controller can direct one or more window controllers, one or more enclosure controllers, one or more component controllers, or any combination thereof. The floor controller can include floor controllers. For example, a floor (e.g., including a network) controller can control a plurality of local (e.g., including window) controllers. Multiple local controllers may be located within a portion of the facility (e.g., a portion of a building). A portion of the facility may be a floor of the facility. For example, floor controllers may be assigned to floors. In some embodiments, a floor may contain multiple floor controllers, depending on the floor size and / or the number of local controllers coupled to the floor controllers. For example, floor controllers may be assigned to a portion of a floor. For example, floor controllers may be assigned to a portion of local controllers located within the facility. For example, floor controllers may be assigned to a portion of a floor of the facility. A master controller may be coupled to one or more floor controllers. Floor controllers may be located within the facility. The master controller may be located within or outside the facility.The main controller may be located in the cloud. The controller may be part of or operatively coupled to a building management system. The controller may receive one or more inputs. The controller may generate one or more outputs. The controller may be a single-input single-output (SISO) controller or a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) controller. The controller may interpret the received input signals. The controller may acquire data from one or more components (e.g., sensors). Acquisition may include receiving or extracting. Data may include measurement, estimation, determination, generation, or any combination thereof. The controller may include feedback control. The controller may include feedforward control. Control may include switching control, proportional control, proportional-integral (PI) control, or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. Control may include open-loop control or closed-loop control. The controller may include closed-loop control. The controller may include open-loop control. The controller may include a user interface. The user interface may include (or be operatively coupled to) a keyboard, keypad, mouse, touchscreen, microphone, voice recognition package, camera, imaging system, or any combination thereof. Outputs may include displays (e.g., screens), speakers, or printers. Figure 15 illustrates an example of a control system architecture 1500, which includes a main controller 1508 that controls floor controllers 1506, which in turn controls a local controller 1504. In some embodiments, the local controller controls one or more IGUs, one or more sensors, one or more output devices (e.g., one or more transmitters), or any combination thereof. Figure 15 illustrates an example of a configuration in which the main controller is operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a building management system (BMS) 1524 and a database 1520. Arrows in Figure 15 indicate communication paths. The controller may be operatively coupled (e.g., directly / indirectly and / or wired and / or wirelessly) to an external source 1510. The external source may include a network. The external source may include one or more sensors or output devices. The external source may include cloud-based applications and / or databases. Communication may be wired and / or wireless. The external source may be located outside the facility. For example, an external source may include one or more sensors and / or antennas mounted, for example, on a wall or the ceiling of a facility. Communication may be unidirectional or bidirectional. In the example shown in Figure 15, all communication arrows indicate bidirectional communication. Figure 15 shows an example of a perspective view of an enclosure 1501 (e.g., a building).

[0173] The controller can monitor and / or guide changes in the operating conditions (e.g., physical) of the devices, software, and / or methods described herein. Control may include regulation, manipulation, limitation, guidance, monitoring, adjustment, modulation, alteration, modification, constraint, inspection, guidance, or management. Control (e.g., performed by the controller) may include attenuation, modulation, alteration, management, suppression, discipline, regulation, constraint, supervision, manipulation, and / or guidance. Control may include controlling control variables (e.g., temperature, power, voltage, and / or profile). Control may include real-time or offline control. The calculations utilized by the controller may be performed real-time and / or offline. The controller may be a manual or non-manual controller. The controller may be an automatic controller. The controller may operate on request. The controller may be a programmable controller. The controller may be programmable. The controller may include a processing unit (e.g., CPU or GPU). The controller may receive input (e.g., from at least one sensor). The controller may deliver output. The controller may include multiple (e.g., sub) controllers. The controller may be part of a control system. The control system may include a main controller, floor controllers, and local controllers (e.g., enclosure controllers or window controllers). Controllers may receive one or more inputs. Controllers may generate one or more outputs. Controllers may be single-input single-output (SISO) controllers or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) controllers. Controllers may interpret the received input signals. Controllers may acquire data from one or more sensors. Acquisition may include receiving or extracting. Data may include measurement, estimation, determination, generation, or any combination thereof. Controllers may include feedback control. Controllers may include feedforward control. Control may include switching control, proportional control, proportional-integral (PI) control, or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. Control may include open-loop control or closed-loop control. Controllers may include closed-loop control. Controllers may include open-loop control. Controllers may include a user interface. The user interface may include (or be operatively coupled to) a keyboard, keypad, mouse, touchscreen, microphone, voice recognition package, camera, imaging system, or any combination thereof. Outputs may include a display (e.g., a screen), a speaker, or a printer. The methods, systems, and / or devices described herein may include a control system. The control system may communicate with any of the devices (e.g., sensors) described herein. Sensors may be of the same or different types, for example, as described herein. For example, the control system may communicate with a first sensor and / or a second sensor. The control system may control one or more sensors. The control system may control one or more components of a building management system (e.g., lighting, security, and / or air conditioning systems). The controller may regulate at least one (e.g., environmental) characteristic of the enclosure. The control system may use any component of the building management system to regulate the enclosure environment. For example, the control system may regulate the energy supplied by heating and / or cooling elements.For example, the control system can regulate the rate of airflow through vents into and / or from enclosed spaces. The control system may include a processor. The processor may be a processing unit. The controller may include a processing unit. The processing unit may be a central processing unit. The processing unit may include a central processing unit (hereinafter abbreviated as "CPU"). The processing unit may be a graphics processing unit (hereinafter abbreviated as "GPU"). Multiple controllers or control mechanisms (e.g., including computer systems) may be programmed to implement one or more methods of the present invention. The processor may be programmed to implement the methods of the present invention. The controller may control at least one component forming the system and / or device disclosed herein.

[0174] Figure 16 illustrates a schematic example of a computer system 1600, which is programmed or otherwise configured to operate one or more of the methods provided herein. The computer system can control (e.g., direct, monitor, and / or regulate) various features of the methods, apparatus, and systems of the present invention, such as controlling heating, cooling, lighting, and / or ventilation of an enclosure, or any combination thereof. The computer system may be part of or communicate with any set of sensors or devices (e.g., including sensors and / or transmitters) disclosed herein. The computer may be coupled to one or more mechanisms and / or any part thereof disclosed herein. For example, the computer may be coupled to one or more sensors, valves, switches, lights, windows (e.g., IGUs), motors, pumps, optical components, or any combination thereof.

[0175] In some embodiments, the circuitry is operatively coupled (e.g., communicatively) to a network of an enclosure (e.g., facilities containing a building). The circuitry may include a driver board or a controller. The controller may be any controller disclosed herein (e.g., a timing controller for a hierarchical control system, a touchscreen controller, and / or any controller). The controller may be operatively coupled to a device set. The device set may include sensors or transmitters. For example, the device set may include a plurality of sensors, a plurality of transmitters, or any combination thereof. The transmitter may be a light emitter (e.g., an LED) or a sound emitter (e.g., a buzzer or a speaker). The sensors may sense any environmental characteristics (e.g., light, temperature, chemical composition (e.g., atmospheric) or sound). Chemical composition may include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, or moisture. The control system may be configured to control (e.g., via a network) the environment, for example, using a building management system. The control system can be configured to control (e.g., via a network) ventilation, heating, air conditioning, cooling, lighting, safety, security, fire protection, or acoustic systems of an enclosure (e.g., a facility). The control system can be configured to control (e.g., via a network) at least one colorizable window, display structure, and / or touchscreen. The network can facilitate updates to any of the software (e.g., non-transitory computer-readable media) associated with the device, and the network is operatively coupled to the device (e.g., communicatively). The network can facilitate updates to any of the logic (e.g., control logic) associated with the device, and the network is operatively coupled to the device (e.g., communicatively). The logic may be embedded in the software. The network can facilitate updates to any of the data streams associated with the device, and the network is operatively coupled to the device (e.g., communicatively). Updates can be immediate. The network facilitates response and / or update times with latency of up to approximately 2 milliseconds (ms), 3 ms, 4 ms, 5 ms, 7 ms, 10 ms, or 15 ms. The network facilitates low-latency communication. Display construction, touchscreen functionality, and / or colorizable windows may (e.g., each) have unique identification (alphanumeric) code. Display construction, touchscreen functionality, and / or colorizable windows may (e.g., each) be uniquely identified by the network and / or control system. Display construction, touchscreen functionality, and / or colorizable windows may (e.g., each) be uniquely identified as devices and / or nodes by the network and / or control system.

[0176] In some embodiments, a device (e.g., display construction, touchscreen functionality, and / or colorizable window) is communicatively coupled to a network. Third-party devices and / or data streams (e.g., third-party media providers) may utilize network authentication protocols, for example, to communicate with a control system and / or another device. The network authentication protocol may open one or more ports for network access. Port(s) may be opened when an organization and / or facility authenticates (e.g., via network authentication) an attempt to operatively couple (and / or physically couple) a device to the network. Ooperative coupling may include communicative coupling. The organization and / or facility may authorize (e.g., use the network) the device's access to the network. Access may or may not be restricted. Restrictions may include one or more security levels. Device identity may be determined based on credentials and / or certificates. Credentials and / or certificates may be verified by the network (e.g., by a server operatively coupled to the network). Authentication protocols may or may not be specifically used for physical communications (e.g., Ethernet communications) within a local area network (LAN) that utilizes packets. Standards may be maintained by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Standards may specify the operating characteristics of physical media (e.g., target devices) and / or networks (e.g., Ethernet). Network connectivity standards may support virtual LANs (VLANs) on a local area network (e.g., Ethernet). Standards may support power over local area networks (e.g., Ethernet). Networks may provide communication via power lines (e.g., coaxial cables). Power may be direct current (DC). Power may be at least approximately 12 watts (W), 15 W, 25 W, 30 W, 40 W, 48 W, 50 W, or 100 W. Standards may facilitate mesh network connectivity. Standards may facilitate local area network (LAN) technologies and / or wide area network (WAN) applications. Standards can facilitate physical connections between target devices and / or infrastructure installations (hubs, switches, routers) using various types of cables (e.g., coaxial, twisted-pair, copper, and / or fiber optic). Examples of network authentication protocols include 802.1X or KERBEROS. Network authentication protocols may include secret key cryptography. The network may support (e.g., communication) protocols including 802.3, 802.3af (PoE), 802.3at (PoE+), 802.1Q, or 802.11s. The network may support communication protocols used for building automation and control (BAC) networks (e.g., BACnet). Protocols may define (multiple) services used for communication between various devices coupled to the network. The one or more devices include sensors, transmitters, colorable windows, display structures, touch screen functionality, controllers, transceivers, antennas, third-party media provider-related equipment, personal computers, mobile circuit systems (e.g., laptops, cellular phones, touchpads) and / or any other (e.g., third-party) devices.Protocol services may include device and object discovery (e.g., Who-Is, I-Am, Who-Has, and / or I-Have). Protocol services may include read and write properties (e.g., for data sharing). Network protocols may define (e.g., the type of object the service operates on). Protocols may define one or more data connection and / or entity layers (e.g., ARCNET, Ethernet, BACnet / IP, BACnet / IPv6, BACnet / MSTP, point-to-point via RS-232, master-slave / symbol transfer via RS-485, ZigBee, and / or LonTalk). Protocols may be device-specific (e.g., Internet of Things (IoT) devices and / or machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). Protocols may be messaging protocols. Protocols may be publish-subscribe type protocols. Protocols may be configurable for message delivery. Protocols may be configurable for remote devices. Protocols may be configurable for devices with a small code footprint and / or minimal network bandwidth. Smaller code footprints can be configured for microcontroller processing. The protocol may have multiple QoS levels, including (i) at most once, (ii) at least once, and / or (iii) exactly once. Multiple QoS levels can improve the reliability of message delivery (e.g., to its destination) within a network. The protocol can facilitate (i) communication between devices and the cloud and / or (ii) communication between the cloud and devices. The communication protocol is configured to broadcast messages to groups of devices (e.g., as described herein), such as sensors and / or transmitters. The protocol may conform to the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). The protocol may support security schemes such as authentication (e.g., using tokens). The protocol may support access delegation standards (e.g., OAuth). The protocol may support granting a first application (and / or website) access to information on a second application (and / or website) without requiring the second application to provide security code (e.g., tokens and / or passwords) associated with the first application. The protocol may include Message Queuing Telemetry Delivery (MQTT) or Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP). The protocol may be configured for a message rate of at least one (1) messages per second (e.g., per publisher) or more messages per second (e.g., per publisher). The protocol may be configured to facilitate message payload sizes of up to about 64, 86, 96, or 128 bytes. The protocol may be configured to communicate with any device (e.g., from a microcontroller to a server) that is compatible with an operating protocol (e.g., MQTT) library and / or connected via a network to a compatible agent (e.g., an MQTT agent). Each device (e.g., a target device, sensor, or transmitter) may be a publisher and / or a user. At least one agent may handle millions of concurrently connected devices, or fewer than millions of concurrently connected devices. The agent may handle at least about 100, 10,000, 100,000, 1,000,000, or 10,000,000 concurrently connected devices.In some embodiments, the agent is responsible for receiving at least a portion (e.g., all) of the messages, filtering the messages, determining who is interested in each message, and / or sending the messages to such subscribed devices (e.g., agent clients). The protocol may require internet connectivity to the network. The protocol may facilitate bidirectional and / or synchronous peer-to-peer communication. The protocol may be a binary wired protocol. Examples of this network protocol, control system, and network can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 000,342, filed March 26, 2020, entitled "MESSAGING IN A MULTI CLIENT NETWORK," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0177] A computer system may include a processing unit (e.g., 1606) (also referred to herein as a "processor," "computer," and "computer processor"). A computer system may include memory or memory locations (e.g., 1602) (e.g., random access memory, read-only memory, flash memory), electronic storage units (e.g., 1604) (e.g., hard disk), communication interfaces for communicating with one or more other systems (e.g., 1603) (e.g., network adapters), and peripheral devices (e.g., 1605), such as cache memory, other memory, data storage, and / or electronic display adapters. In the example shown in Figure 16, memory 1602, storage unit 1604, interface 1603, and peripheral device 1605 communicate with the processing unit 1606 via a communication bus (solid line), such as a motherboard. The storage unit may be a data storage unit (or database) for storing data. Computer systems can be operatively coupled to a computer network ("network") via a communication interface (e.g., 1601). A network can be the Internet, an inter-enterprise network, or an intranet and / or inter-enterprise network communicating with the Internet. In some cases, a network is a telecommunications and / or data network. A network may include one or more computer servers that enable distributed computing, such as cloud computing. In some cases, a network may implement peer-to-peer networking via computer systems, enabling devices coupled to the computer systems to act as clients or servers.

[0178] The processing unit can execute machine-readable instruction sequences that can be embodied in a program or software. These instructions can be stored in a memory location such as memory 1602. These instructions can be directed to the processing unit, which can then be programmed or otherwise configured to implement the methods of the present invention. Examples of operations performed by the processing unit may include fetching, decoding, executing, and writing back. The processing unit can interpret and / or execute instructions. The processor may include a microprocessor, data processor, central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), system-on-a-chip (SoC), coprocessor, network processor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), application-specific instruction set processor (ASIP), controller, programmable logic device (PLD), chipset, field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or any combination thereof. The processing unit may be a part of a circuit such as an integrated circuit. One or more other components of system 1600 may be included in the circuit.

[0179] Storage units can store files such as drivers, libraries, and saved programs. Storage units can store user data (e.g., user preferences and user programs). In some cases, a computer system may include one or more additional data storage units located outside the computer system, such as on a remote server that communicates with the computer system via an intranet or the Internet.

[0180] A computer system can communicate with one or more remote computer systems via a network. For example, a computer system can communicate with a user's (e.g., an operator's) remote computer system. Examples of remote computer systems include personal computers (e.g., portable PCs), tablet PCs (e.g., Apple® iPad, Samsung® Galaxy Tab), telephones, smartphones (e.g., Apple® iPhone, Android-enabled devices, Blackberry®), or personal digital assistants. Users (e.g., client devices) can access the computer system via a network.

[0181] The method described herein can be implemented using machine-executable code (e.g., a computer processor) stored in an electronic storage location of the computer system, such as memory 1602 or electronic storage unit 1604. The machine-executable or machine-readable code can be provided in software form. During use, the processor 1606 executes the code. In some cases, code can be retrieved from a storage unit and stored in memory for processor access. In some cases, electronic storage units can be excluded, and machine-executable instructions can be stored in memory.

[0182] The code may be pre-compiled and configured for use by a machine with a processor adapted to execute the code, or it may be compiled during the execution phase. The code may be provided using a programming language, which may be selected so that the code can be executed either pre-compiled or compile-time.

[0183] In some embodiments, the processor includes program code. The program code may be program instructions. The program instructions may cause at least one processor (e.g., a computer) to direct feedforward and / or feedback control loops. In some embodiments, the program instructions cause at least one processor to direct closed-loop and / or open-loop control schemes. Control may be based at least in part on one or more sensor readings (e.g., sensor data). A controller may direct a plurality of operations. At least two operations may be directed by different controllers. In some embodiments, different controllers may direct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, different controllers may direct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable medium causes each different computer to direct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, different non-transitory computer-readable media cause each different computer to direct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). Controllers and / or computer-readable media may direct any of the devices or components thereof disclosed herein. Controllers and / or computer-readable media may direct any operation of the methods disclosed herein.

[0184] In some embodiments, at least one display structure and multiple associated integrated glass units operate in coordination with each other. Control of at least one display structure and associated tinted windows (e.g., multiple integrated glass units) may be achieved through the integration of display structure control and tinted window control. For example, the display structure and tinted glass may be operatively coupled to a control system via a network, for example, in a communicative manner. Control of at least one display structure may be achieved via an Ethernet network. The hue level of the tinted windows may be adjusted when one or more associated display structures are used. The hue level of the tinted windows may be automatically changed (e.g., darkened) when one or more display structures are used. The automatic change (e.g., darkening or brightening) of the hue level of the tinted windows may be at least partially based on external radiation and / or display contrast. The automatic change of the hue level of the tinted windows may be at least partially based on privacy (e.g., limiting the ability of someone outside the facility to see the display structure). When the tinted windows are used, the area of ​​the tinted window may have its (automatically) changed (e.g., darkened or brightened) hue level. A colorable window area may contain a plurality of colorable windows. This area may include (i) colorable windows facing a specific direction toward an enclosure (e.g., a facility); (ii) a plurality of colorable windows on a specific face (e.g., a facade) of the facility; (iii) colorable windows on a specific floor of the facility; (iv) a plurality of colorable windows in a specific type of room and / or activity (e.g., an open space, office, meeting room, lecture hall, corridor, reception hall, or cafeteria); (v) colorable windows mounted on the same fixture (e.g., an interior or exterior wall); and / or (vi) a user-defined plurality of colorable windows (e.g., a group of colorable windows in a room or on a facade, or a subset of a larger group of colorable windows, such as a meeting room with a display structure on one of eight colorable windows where the hue of the eight colorable window areas is darkened). The (automatic) coloring of the colorable windows may be at least partially based on whether the display structure is displaying active content (e.g., content intended for user viewing) or inactive content. When at least one display configuration is used, the automatic change of the color tone level of a colorable window can be rewritten by the user (e.g., by manually adjusting the color tone level). The user can rewrite the automatic coloring of (multiple) colorable windows using a mobile circuit system (e.g., a remote controller, virtual reality controller, cellular phone, electronic notepad, laptop, and / or similar mobile device).

[0185] In some embodiments, at least one display structure and multiple associated colorable windows may be adjacent to a heat dissipation system (e.g., a heater). Heat adjacent to the display structure (e.g., heat generated by the display structure, any touch screen, circuitry, power supply, proximity sensors, proximity emitters, and / or solar radiation (e.g., heat transmitted through the colorable windows)) can be dissipated. Heat can be transferred via conduction, convection, and / or electromagnetic waves (radiation). Heat can be removed actively or passively. Heat can be removed via convection and / or conduction. Active heat removal can be controlled (e.g., using a control system). Active (e.g., forced) convection (e.g., a fan) can generate airflow to dissipate heat adjacent to (multiple) display structures. The airflow may be in gaps (e.g., between (multiple) colorable windows and (multiple) display structures). One or more temperature sensors adjacent to (multiple) display structures and / or operatively coupled to the display structures can sense temperature and signals to trigger forced convection upon reaching a first (high) temperature threshold. Multiple temperature sensors can automatically shut down multiple display structures when a second (higher) temperature threshold is reached (e.g., to prevent malfunction and / or damage). Damage can be permanent or temporary. The first temperature threshold may be a lower temperature value than the second temperature threshold. The threshold may depend on the ambient temperature. The ambient temperature may include the temperature outside the enclosure housing the display structures, or the temperature inside the enclosure housing the display structures. Heat penetrating multiple tintable windows can be limited (e.g., through the use of low emissivity (Lo-E) glass) to reduce the heat load on multiple display structures.

[0186] In some embodiments, the operation of at least one display structure and its associated colorable windows includes maintenance tasks associated with the display structure(s). Control of these maintenance tasks (e.g., pixel compensation, temperature, usage, and / or reset) can be automated (e.g., using a control system). Pixel compensation can include adjusting the brightness of pixels in the display structure based at least in part on how the pixels are used over their lifetime. For example, the wavelength and / or intensity of pixel emission, and, depending on, the duration. For example, the frequency of pixel projection wavelength and / or intensity. For example, the content already displayed by the pixels (e.g., video with motion or static display). Display structure temperature, fan speed, degree of display structure use, and / or type of display structure use can be monitored over time. Monitoring can be performed by a control system. Monitoring can utilize sensors coupled to a network (e.g., and coupled to the control system). Monitoring can be in-situ and / or real-time when the display structure is projecting onto a medium. The control system can utilize image processing to assess the status of one or more emitting entities (e.g., LEDs or other lights) of the display structure. The sensor may include a camera (e.g., a still image or video camera). The camera may include a pixel array (e.g., a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera). The camera may be configured for digital imaging (e.g., a CCD or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera). The camera may include film. The camera may be sensitive to color gamut (e.g., the full range of colors visible to the average human eye). The control system may continuously and / or intermittently (e.g., at predetermined intervals) monitor the display structure. The control system may record data related to the continuous or intermittent monitoring of the display structure. Data may be recorded at predetermined intervals and / or when a threshold value has been reached. The threshold value may be a thermal, electrical, and / or optical threshold value. The threshold value may be time-dependent (e.g., a temperature exceeding 50°C for more than about 1 minute). Display structure adjustments (e.g., resets) may be at least partially based on this monitoring of the display structure's (e.g., optical, thermal, and / or electrical) properties (e.g., depending on a time threshold value). The threshold value may be a value or a function (e.g., a time- and / or spatially dependent function). The space can refer to the type of enclosed space housing the display structure. For example, a display structure in a conference room may have lower tolerance for failure compared to one in a corridor. Monitoring the display structure can provide predictions about the lifespan of (multiple) components of the display structure (e.g., pixels, electrical circuitry, filters, and / or fans). Monitoring the display structure (e.g., over time) can proactively compensate for any predicted degradation associated with or within the display structure's components (e.g., pixels, electrical circuitry, filters, and / or fans). Monitoring and / or diagnostics of the display structure can be performed via a network (e.g., a network at least partially located in the outer layer of the facility). Monitoring and / or diagnostics of the display structure can be performed via a control system. Adjusting (e.g., resetting) the display structure may include (automatically and / or controllably) turning the display structure on and off.The display structure can be cycled at regular intervals (e.g., at least every 24, 36, 48, or 72 hours), for example, if the pixels of the display structure are prone to failure (e.g., burn-in failure). The intervals may depend on the type and / or extent of the predicted failure (e.g., a predicted failure of a single pixel or a group of pixels). The cycle intervals may depend on the type of viewing of the display structure. For example, prolonged static viewing beyond a predetermined threshold (e.g., using the display structure as a symbol) increases the risk of pixel failure (e.g., failure). More frequent on / off cycles when the display structure is used for static viewing compared to mobile video reduce the risk of pixel failure during static viewing. The control system can predict (e.g., via a software module) the maintenance and / or replacement of the display structure or any of its components (e.g., based on monitored pixel states). The predictions may be based at least in part on real-time sensor measurements of the display structure's output (e.g., compared to expected output). Predictions can be based, at least in part, on previous sensor measurements of the display construct's output (e.g., compared to expected output), such as in a laboratory or other testing facility (e.g., fatigue testing). Predictions can be based, at least in part, on observations of the display construct to be maintained / replaced. Predictions can be based, at least in part, on observations of a display construct different from the one to be maintained / replaced (e.g., a test display construct). Predictions can be based, at least in part, on average pixel states, such as considering the irradiance profile of the display construct and / or any of its individual pixels. The control system can provide notification regarding anticipated replacement and / or maintenance. Such predictions can allow for the execution of proactive maintenance and / or replacement. Such predictions can allow for the anticipated storage of individual display constructs to be maintained and / or replaced. Such predictions can allow for the timely scheduling of personnel to perform this maintenance and / or replacement.

[0187] Figure 18 illustrates an example of operation related to at least one display structure and (multiple) associated colorable windows. Control of at least one display structure and (multiple) associated colorable windows may be achieved through the integration of display structure control and (multiple) colorable window control. Control of at least one display structure may be via a network. In block 1801, the hue level of at least one colorable window is adjusted when one or more associated display structures (multiple) are used and / or when they are ready for use with the display structure. For example, the hue level of (multiple) colorable windows may be automatically dimmed when one or more display structures (multiple) are used. The automatic dimming of the hue level of at least one colorable window may be based at least in part on (i) external radiation, (ii) the media displayed with display contrast, (iii) the type of displayed media (e.g., static or variable), and / or (iv) privacy requests. The automatic dimming of the hue level of (multiple) colorable windows may be based at least in part on privacy (e.g., restricting the ability of someone outside the facility to see the display structure). When using one or more display constructs, the area of ​​a colorable window may have its altered (e.g., darkened) hue level. The area of ​​a colorable window may include a plurality of colorable windows facing a specific direction within the facility, a plurality of colorable windows on a specific face of the facility, a plurality of colorable windows on a specific floor of the facility, a plurality of colorable windows in a specific type of room (e.g., open space, office, meeting room, lecture hall, cafeteria), and / or a plurality of user-defined colorable windows (e.g., a group of colorable windows in a room or on a facade, or a subset of a larger group of colorable windows; for example, a meeting room with a display construct on one of eight colorable windows may darken the hue of all eight colorable window areas). This area may be any area disclosed herein. Automatic coloring of the colorable window may be based at least in part on whether the display construct is displaying active content (e.g., content intended for user viewing) or inactive content. In block 1803, the automatic dimming of the hue level of a shading window can be rewritten by the user manually adjusting the hue level of one or more shading windows. The user can rewrite the automatic shading of (multiple) shading windows using a mobile circuitry system (e.g., a remote controller, virtual reality controller, cellular phone, electronic notepad, and / or laptop). In block 1804, heat adjacent to the display structure (e.g., heat generated by any components associated with the display structure and / or solar radiation transmitted through the shading windows) can be dissipated and passively and / or actively (e.g., controllably) removed (e.g., by automatic actuation of a fan or any other heat exchanger). A temperature sensor adjacent to the display structure can sense temperature and signals to initiate active heat exchange operation (e.g., triggering forced convection) upon reaching a first high-temperature threshold. The temperature sensor can shut down (multiple) display structures upon reaching a second, higher temperature threshold.Operation 1805 demonstrates (e.g., automatic) prediction and / or anticipation of (multiple) maintenance tasks (e.g., pixel compensation, temperature, usage, and / or reset) of the display structure. Pixel compensation may include adjusting the brightness of pixels in the display structure based at least in part on how many pixels have been used, the frequency of the used pixels, and / or the content displayed by the pixels (e.g., video with motion or static display). Display structure temperature, active heat exchange intensity (e.g., fan speed), and / or display structure usage may be monitored. Display structure adjustment (e.g., reset) may be based at least in part on monitoring of display structure properties. As pixels degrade, they may require more current and / or voltage to produce the requested output. Display structure adjustment may include adjusting the intensity of one or more pixels in the display structure to produce the requested output. Monitoring of the display structure can provide predictions about the status and / or predicted lifespan of components in the display structure (e.g., pixels, electrical circuitry, filters, and / or fans). The control system may notify and / or proactively compensate for any predicted degradation in components associated with the display structure. Monitoring and / or diagnostics of the display structure can be performed via a network, which may be at least partially located in the outer layer of the facility. In block 1807, the display structure may be adjusted and / or reset as needed. Adjustment and / or reset may include automatically turning the display structure on and off, for example, to extend pixel lifespan and / or reduce pixel output failures.

[0188] In some embodiments, the operation of at least one display structure and the associated colorizable windows(s) is at least partially based on the state of at least one display structure. The state of the display structure can be checked, monitored, and / or verified regarding whether at least one display structure is on. If at least one display structure is not on, the preset and / or manual tone levels of the colorizable windows(s) can be activated. The (e.g., on / off) state of the display structure can be checked periodically. If at least one display structure is on (e.g., in operation), it can be determined whether the display structure is displaying active or passive content. If the display structure is not on (e.g., not displaying media), the preset or manual tone levels of the colorizable windows(s) can be activated. If the display structure is displaying active content, (i) the area of ​​the colorizable window(s) near the display structure(s) displaying active content can be identified, (ii) the area may have the identified tone level of the window (e.g., different tone levels based at least partially on the presence of solar radiation, solar glare, and / or desired contrast) and / or (iii) the tone level of the colorizable window can be adjusted in the identified area.

[0189] Figure 19 illustrates an example of control operations related to at least one display structure and its associated shader windows(s). In block 1901, the state of at least one display structure is checked. In block 1902, the control system determines whether at least one display structure is open (e.g., at least one pixel is controllably emitting radiation). If at least one display structure is not open, in block 1903, a preset or manual tone level of the shader windows(s) is activated, and the state of the display structure is checked periodically. If at least one display structure is open, in block 1904, it can be determined whether the display structure is displaying active content. Otherwise, in block 1903, a preset or manual tone level of the shader windows(s) is activated, and the state of the display structure(s) is checked periodically. If the display structure is displaying active content, in block 1905, the shader windows(s) of the display structure(s) displaying active content are identified. Multiple shadeable windows may have their identified hue levels in block 1906 (e.g., different hue levels based at least in part on the presence of sunlight / glare and desired contrast), and any hue level adjustments may be made to the shadeable windows in block 1907. A shadeable window may be part of the area (e.g., and the area may be identified by the controller), or may not be part of the area. If a first shadeable window coupled to the display structure is part of an area that includes at least one second shadeable window not coupled to the display structure, the hue of the second shadeable window may or may not be changed to the hue of the first shadeable window. Changes to the hues of other windows in the area may be predetermined and / or determined by the user to be consistent with changes to the hues of shadeable windows coupled to the display structure.

[0190] In some embodiments, a plurality of display structures are connected together in a control scheme. The plurality of display structures may be mounted adjacent to one or more colorable windows. The colorable windows may be connected (e.g., wired or wirelessly) via a local (e.g., window) controller that is part of the control system. The control system may include a distributed network of controllers coupled to a power and / or communication network. The control system may control various functions (e.g., facility functions, such as adjusting the hue of the colorable windows and / or displaying media content on the display structures). The display structures may be connected (e.g., wired or wirelessly) via display interfaces that can be housed in one or more enclosures. The display interface enclosure may be referred to herein as an electrical box ((E)box), e.g., 2006. The electrical box may be operatively coupled (e.g., for power and / or communication) to a network. The network may provide data and / or power to the display structures. The user content server may provide data via a network for display on the display structures and / or provide data and power to the display interfaces via one or more connections to the display interfaces. The display interfaces may include adapters (e.g., Ethernet adapters (e.g., RS-485 to Ethernet)) and / or the electronic box may include native adapter (e.g., Ethernet / IP) support. The electronic box may send prompts and / or respond to queries from the network. For example, connections for data transmission devices may include Ethernet, HDMI, display ports, RS-485, and / or other types of connections for data and / or media transmission. Power may be supplied to the electronic box via the Internet and / or via a separate power cable. The plurality of display structures may display different content on each display structure, may display the same (e.g., repeated) content, or may be configured to display an image across multiple display structures (e.g., such that segments of the image are displayed on each of the plurality of display structures). The connection of display structures allows a small number (e.g., up to 10, 9, 8, 5, 6, or 4) of display structures to be controlled via a local controller. In some embodiments, a larger number (e.g., more than 10) of display structures may be coupled via a network (e.g., floor) controller or may allow all display structures in the facility to be controlled by a main controller. Display structures may display media individually (e.g., independently of other display structures) or as a group of display structures (e.g., at least 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 25, 50, or 75 display structures may be configured as a display group (set), which may, for example, be controlled to display data as a single display structure (e.g., media segmented among displays in a display group). Display structures may form a video wall. A video wall may comprise a plurality of display structures tiled together (e.g., continuously or overlapping) to form a larger screen. A controller that controls the video wall controller may segment a single image to be projected onto the video wall into portions to be displayed on the individual display structures constituting the video wall.The display structure can be coupled to a wall (e.g., opaque or transparent) or a colorable window. The video wall controller can include a hardware-based controller or a software and media card-based controller. A hardware-based controller may include a media processing chipset and may not include an operating system. A software and media card-based controller may be housed in a processor with an operating system. The processor can be a server or a local unit. The processor can be configured with multi-output graphics cards and / or video capture input cards.

[0191] The display structure can be configured in a layout. A layout can include matrix grid layouts (e.g., 2×2, 3×3, or 4×4) with the same display geometry (e.g., having the same aspect ratio). A layout can also include layouts with different display geometries (e.g., having different aspect ratios), such as in configurations other than symmetric matrices. The displayed media content can be identical, segmented, or completely different. For example, at least two different parallel contents can be displayed on a video wall of the display structure.

[0192] Figure 20 illustrates an example of a control scheme for a plurality of display structures. A plurality of display structures 2002 may be mounted adjacent to a plurality of colorable windows 2003. The colorable windows 2003 may be connected 2009 (e.g., wired and / or wirelessly) to a control network 2004 via a local (window) controller 2001, which controls various functions of facilities (e.g., office buildings, warehouses, etc.), including adjusting the hue of the colorable windows 2003. The display structures 2002 may be connected (e.g., wired and / or wirelessly) 2010 to the control network 2004 (including a control system) via a display interface 2005 and a controller housed within a housing (also referred to herein as an electrical (E) box) 2006. The control network may be coupled to the colorable windows and / or display structures via a cabling network (e.g., coaxial cable) that provides data and / or power to the display structures 2002. User content server 2007 can provide data to be displayed on display structure 2002 (e.g., via cabling and / or control network) and / or can provide data and power to display interface 2005 via one or more connections 2011 to display interface 2005. Display interface may include Ethernet adapter (e.g., RS-485 to Ethernet). Electronic box 2006 may include native Ethernet / IP support. Electronic box 2006 can send prompts and / or respond to queries from network 2004. For example, connections for data transmission devices may include Ethernet, HDMI, display port, RS-485, and / or other types of connections for data transmission. Power can be supplied to electronic box 2006 via the Internet and / or via a separate power cable. The plurality of display structures 2002 can display different content, the same content, or can be used to display an image across multiple display structures 2002 (e.g., as in a video wall).

[0193] In some embodiments, a display structure is used to display various media within a facility. The display structure may include one or more media displays that are at least partially transparent, such as when the display structure is not in operation (e.g., a TOLED display). The display structure may be coupled (e.g., directly or indirectly) to a rigid surface, such as a wall, panel, or window (e.g., a viewing window). The rigid surface may be a rigid surface of a fastener. The window may be a color-sensitive window (e.g., an electrochromic window). The window may be located within a building or within the envelope of a building. A viewing window may include a color-sensitive window that can be colored (e.g., darkened, lightened, and / or changed in color, e.g., hue), including an electrochromic window, which can provide a background for contrasting with the media displayed by the display structure.

[0194] In some embodiments, one or more display structures may be operatively coupled (e.g., mounted) to a rigid surface (e.g., a window, wall, or panel). Coupling may be via hinges, adhesives, fasteners, and / or other suitable mechanisms. The coupling may be at least partially housed within one or more window frame portions. The window frame(s) may include vertical portions (e.g., vertical frames) and horizontal portions (e.g., horizontal frames). The display structures may be directly adhered (e.g., using an adhesive) to the rigid surface. The adhesive may or may not contact the window frame (or portions thereof). The rigid surface may comprise a hardened material (e.g., glass, metal, or polymer). The rigid surface may comprise a solid (e.g., plaster, ceramic, concrete, and / or stone). Multiple display structures may be mounted (e.g., via hinges, adhesives, fasteners, and / or other mechanisms).

[0195] In some embodiments, the display structure is controlled by at least one controller. The controller may be part of a control system. The controller may include a controller directly coupled (e.g., connected) to the display structure. The connection between the controller and the display structure may be wired and / or wireless. The controller may be coupled to the display structure via a plurality of wires (e.g., for communication and / or power). The controller may be housed in a housing. The housing may comprise one or more materials. Materials may include elemental metals, metal alloys, polymers (e.g., plastics), resins, wood, glass, composites, and / or other materials. Materials may include transparent or opaque materials. Materials may include conductive or insulating (e.g., dielectric) materials. The housing may comprise dispersed or specular materials. The housing may have a plurality of faces. At least two (e.g., all) of the plurality of wires may extend from one of the plurality of faces of the controller housing. Sometimes, a controller housing (e.g., containing one or more controllers) may be coupled to a plurality of display structures. Sometimes, a controller may be (e.g., directly) operably coupled to a display structure. Sometimes, a controller can be (e.g., directly) operably coupled to two or more display structures. Direct coupling may include wiring connecting the controller and the display structures. The wiring may be uninterrupted. The controller and / or housing may include wiring inlets. The wiring inlets and wiring outlets in the controller housing may or may not be on the same side. Sometimes, multiple control housings may be positioned adjacent to each other (e.g., in contact with each other) or may be directly coupled to each other (e.g., via wiring). At least two of the wiring (e.g., all wiring) connecting at least two different housings (e.g., all housings) to at least two (e.g., all) of the display structures (e.g., a collection of display structures) may (i) extend from housings of the same face type and / or (ii) extend in the same general direction (e.g., up, down, left, or right). The face type may be assigned according to the direction the face faces (e.g., down, up, east, west, north, east, or any combination thereof). This direction may be relative to the user facing the display structure and relative to the center of gravity.

[0196] In some embodiments, the controller housing is mounted within a frame portion. The controller housing may be mounted within at least a portion of a window, panel, or wall frame. The frame portion may be within (a plurality of) upper horizontal vertical frames (a plurality of) horizontal frames, within (a plurality of) lower horizontal vertical frames (a plurality of) horizontal frames, and / or within a combination of vertical (side) frames or frames forming (a plurality of) window frames. The upper and lower portions are relative to a center of gravity. A display connector may connect the controller to a display configuration via one or more cables and / or wires. The display connector, which may connect the controller to individual display configurations via cables, may extend from one or more of the plurality of faces of the controller housing. At least two (e.g., all) of the cables connecting the controller to the corresponding display configuration may (e.g., substantially) have the same length. The cables may extend at least partially within (a plurality of) window frames. The cables connecting the controller to the display configuration may have different lengths. The cables may extend at least partially within and / or outside (a plurality of) window frames. (For example, this end) The controller may include power connectors that can be connected, for example, to one or more power sources. The power connectors may be located on the same or different sides from which the data cables extend to the display(s). The different sides may form an angle, which may be (for example, substantially) a right angle. The different sides may be parallel to each other. Multiple data (e.g., communication and / or media) cables may be connected to the controller from one or more data sources (e.g., multiple servers). The data cables may be connected to a media content provider server and / or a server that controls the tone levels of the(s) windows. In some embodiments, power and data are coupled to the display(s) via the same cable (e.g., coaxial cable).

[0197] In some embodiments, a plurality of devices (e.g., including sensors and / or transmitters) are integrated into a common housing. The housing may include one or more circuit boards. The housing may integrate a set of devices. The set may have a single housing (e.g., a cover). One or more circuit boards (e.g., printed circuit boards, PCBs) may be housed in a single housing. At least one controller may be housed in the housing. The housing may be adapted to be mounted to a window, wall, ceiling, or any other structure and / or fixture in an enclosure (e.g., a facility, building, or room) to perform various functions. The common assembly of devices (e.g., a set of devices) may include power conditioning components, circuitry (e.g., a processing unit), memory, and / or a network interface. The housing may include mounting adapters that may be provided for mounting the assembly to at least a portion of a fixture, such as a window frame. The housing may include one or more features required for optimal performance, such as (I) openings to allow external environmental characteristics into the housing, (II) electrical and / or electromagnetic (e.g., radio frequency) shielding, and / or (III) a heat exchanger (e.g., passive or active). For example, the housing may include one or more openings (e.g., holes) to facilitate airflow through the circuit board. The housing may include heat sinks. The heat exchanger and / or shielding may shield the circuit system from external influences and / or shield between the circuit boards enclosed within the housing. The housing may include an open body and a cover. The cover may include one or more openings (e.g., holes). The cover may snap onto the open body to close the housing. The housing may include openings for receiving cabling.

[0198] Figure 21A illustrates an example of a rigid surface 2101 (e.g., a tintable window) mounted within a frame 2102 (e.g., via hinges and / or adhesives). The frame 2102 includes vertical frames 2103a and 2103b, and horizontal frames 2104a and 2104b (sometimes referred to as horizontal frames). Two display structures 2105a and 2105b are mounted (e.g., via hinges and / or adhesives) within the frame 2102 and cover (e.g., all) of the visible surface (e.g., a panel or window, such as the visible surface of a tintable window) of the rigid surface 2101. Two controllers, housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E) boxes) 2106a and 2106b, are mounted within a portion of the frame 2102 within the upper (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2100) horizontal frame 2104a. The circuitry in electronic box 2106a (e.g., including timing controllers, network communication (e.g., routers), and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2105a via wiring 2109a. The circuitry in electronic box 2106b is connected to display structure 2105b via wiring 2109b. Display connector 2108a extends from housing 2106a in the same downstream direction. Display connector 2108b extends from housing 2106b in the same downstream direction. Connectors 2108a and 2108b are configured to point in the same downstream direction. Cable 2109a is of the same length (e.g., substantially) from each electronic box 2106a and 2106b to the respective display structures 2105a and 2105b, and the cable extends within a portion of frame 2102. Electronic box 2106a is configured to connect (e.g., via connector) to power cable 2110a. Electronic box 2106b is configured to connect (e.g., via connector) to power cable 2110b. At least one power cable supplying power to the electronic box circuitry can be connected to its own power supply. At least two power cables supplying power to the electronic box circuitry can be connected to a single power supply. Figure 21A shows an example of two power cables 2110a and 2110b connected to the same power supply 2111. Power cables 2110a and 2110b (e.g., substantially) extend from each of the electronic boxes perpendicular to the direction in which display connectors 2108a and 2108b extend from the electronic box (e.g., the connectors extend to the same side of the electronic box). Media cabling 2112a connects from a data source (e.g., a server) to a circuitry (e.g., a media circuitry board) 2106b housed within the electronic box. Media cabling 2112b connects to electronic box 2106a and (via electronic box 2106b) to cable 2112a and data source 2115. Media cables 2112a and 2112b can be connected to a media content provider server. The electronic box can be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility.For example, in the case where the hard surface 2101 is a tintable window, any (e.g., all) electronic box can be operatively coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint level of this window, for example via a media cable (e.g., 2112a and / or 2112b) or via a dedicated cable (not shown in FIG. 21A).

[0199] Figure 21B illustrates an example of a rigid surface 2121 (e.g., a tintable window) mounted within a frame 2122 (e.g., via hinges and / or adhesives). The frame 2122 includes vertical frames 2123a and 2123b, and horizontal frames 2124a and 2124b (sometimes referred to as horizontal frames). Four display configurations 2125a, 2125b, 2125c, and 2125d are mounted (e.g., via hinges and / or adhesives) within the frame 2122 and cover the entire viewable surface of the rigid surface 2121 (e.g., a panel or window, such as the visible surface of a tintable window). Four controllers, housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E) boxes) 2126a, 2126b, 2126c, and 2126d, are mounted within a portion of the frame 2122 within the upper horizontal frame 2124a (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2120). The circuitry in electronic box 2126a (e.g., including a timing controller, network, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2125a via wiring 2129a. The circuitry in electronic box 2126b is connected to display structure 2125b via wiring 2129b. The circuitry in electronic box 2126c (e.g., including a timing controller and media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2125c via wiring 2129c. The circuitry in electronic box 2126d is connected to display structure 2125d via wiring 2129d. Display connector 2128a extends from housing 2126a in the same downstream direction. Display connector 2128b extends from housing 2126b in the same downstream direction. Display connector 2128c extends from housing 2126c in the same downstream direction. Display connector 2128d extends from housing 2126d in the same downstream direction. Connectors 2128a, 2128b, 2128c, and 2128d are configured to point in the same downstream direction. Cable 2129a extends from each of the electronic boxes 2126a, 2126b, 2126c, and 2126d to the respective display structures 2125a, 2125b, 2125c, and 2125d for a length (e.g., substantially the same), and extends within a portion of the frame 2102. Electronic box 2126a is configured to connect (e.g., via a connector) to power cable 2130a. Electronic box 2126b is configured to connect (e.g., via a connector) to power cable 2130b. Electronic box 2126c is configured to connect (e.g., via a connector) to power cable 2130c. Electronic box 2126d is configured to connect (e.g., via a connector) to power cable 2130d. At least one power cable supplying power to the electronic box circuit system can be connected to its own power supply. At least two or more power cables supplying power to the electronic box circuit system can be connected to a power supply. Figure 21B shows an example of four power cables 2130a, 2130b, 2130c and 2130d connected to the same power supply 2131.Power cables 2130a, 2130b, 2130c, and 2130d (e.g., substantially) extend from each of the display connectors 2128a, 2128b, 2128c, and 2128d in the direction they extend from the electronic box. Media cabling 2132a connects from a data source (e.g., a server) to a circuitry (e.g., a media circuitry board) 2126d housed within the electronic box. Media cabling 2132b connects to the electronic box 2126c and (via the electronic box 2126d) to cable 2132a and data source 2135. Media cabling 2132c connects to the electronic box 2126b and (via the electronic boxes 2126d and 2126c) to cable 2132a and data source 2135. Media cabling 2132d connects to electronic box 2126a and (via electronic boxes 2126d, 2126c, and 2126b) to cable 2132a and data source 2135. Media cables 2132a, 2132b, 2132c, and 2132d can connect to a media content provider server. The electronic boxes can be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, in the case where the hard surface 2121 is a tintable window, any (e.g., all) electronic boxes can be operatively coupled, for example, via media cables (e.g., 2132a, 2132b, 2132c, and / or 2132d) or via a dedicated cable (not shown in Figure 21B) to at least one controller controlling the tint level of this window.

[0200] Figure 22A illustrates an example of rigid surfaces 2221a and 2221b (e.g., tinted windows) mounted (e.g., via hinges and / or adhesives) within frames 2222a and 2222b. Frames 2222a and 2222b include vertical frames 2223 and horizontal frames 2224 (sometimes referred to as horizontal frames). Two display structures 2225a and 2225b are mounted within frame 2222a, and two display structures 2225c and 2225d are mounted within frame 2222b and cover the entire viewable surface of rigid surfaces 2221a and 2221b (e.g., panels or windows, such as the visible surface of tinted windows). Four controllers, housed within enclosures (also referred to herein as electrical (E) boxes) 2226a, 2226b, 2226c, and 2226d, are mounted within a portion of frames 2222a and 2222b of a vertical frame 2223 (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2220). The circuitry in electronic box 2226a (e.g., including timing controllers and media-related circuitry) is connected to display configuration 2225a via wiring 2229a. The circuitry in electronic box 2226b is connected to display configuration 2225b via wiring 2229b. The circuitry in electronic box 2226c (e.g., including timing controllers, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display configuration 2225c via wiring 2229c. The circuitry in electronic box 2226d is connected to display configuration 2225d via wiring 2229d. Display connectors 2228a, 2228b, 2228c, and 2228d extend in the same horizontal direction from their respective housings 2226a, 2226b, 2226c, and 2226d. Connectors 2228a, 2228b, 2228c, and 2228d are configured to point in the same horizontal direction. Cables 2229a, 2229b, 2229c, and 2229d are of the same length (e.g., substantially) from each electronic box 2226a, 2226b, 2226c, and 2226d to their respective display structures 2225a, 2225b, 2225c, and 2225d, and the cables extend within portions of frames 2222a and 2222b. The electronic boxes can be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, in the case where the hard surfaces 2221a and 2221b are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) electronic box can be operatively coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint level of such windows.

[0201] Figure 22B illustrates an example of rigid surfaces 2231a and 2231b (e.g., tintable windows) mounted (e.g., via hinges and / or adhesives) within frames 2232a and 2232b. Frames 2232a and 2232b include vertical frames 2233 and horizontal frames 2234 (sometimes referred to as horizontal frames). Display configuration 2235a is mounted within frame 2232a, and display configuration 2235b is mounted within frame 2232b and covers all visible surfaces of rigid surfaces 2231a and 2231b (e.g., panels or windows, such as the visible surface of tintable windows). Two controllers, housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E) boxes) 2236a and 2236b, are mounted within a portion of frames 2232a and 2232b within the upper (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2230) horizontal frame 2234. The circuitry in electronic box 2236a (e.g., including timing controllers, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2235a via wiring 2239a. The circuitry in electronic box 2236b is connected to display structure 2235b via wiring 2239b. Display connectors 2238a and 2238b extend from their respective housings 2236a and 2236b in the same downstream direction. Connectors 2238a and 2238b are configured to point in the same downstream direction. Cables 2239a and 2239b are of the same length (e.g., substantially the same) from each electronic box 2236a and 2236b to their respective display structures 2235a and 2235b, and the cables extend within portions of frames 2232a and 2232b. The electronic box can be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network, which is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, in the case where the hard surfaces 2231a and 2231b are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) electronic box can be operatively coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint level of such windows.

[0202] Figure 23 illustrates examples of rigid surfaces 2321a, 2321b, and 2321c (e.g., tinted windows) installed (e.g., via hinges and / or adhesives such as 2370) within frames 2322a, 2322b, and 2322c. Frames 2322a, 2322b, and 2322c include vertical frames 2323 and horizontal frames 2324 (also referred to as horizontal frames). Four display structures 2325a, 2325b, 2325c, and 2325d are mounted within frame 2322a; two display structures 2325e and 2325f are mounted within frame 2322b; and two display structures 2325g and 2325h are mounted within frame 2322c and can cover (e.g., substantially all or only a portion) of the visible surfaces (e.g., panels or windows, such as the visible surface of a colorable window) of the respective rigid surfaces 2321a, 2321b, and 2321c. For example, the surface 2380 of the colorable window is not covered by the display structures. Four controllers, housed within housings (electronic boxes) 2326a, 2326b, 2326c, and 2326d, are mounted within a portion of frame 2322a in the upper (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2320) vertical frame 2323. The circuitry in electronic box 2326a is connected to display structure 2325a via wiring 2329a. The wiring can be configured to transmit data and / or power (e.g., to a touchscreen). The circuitry in electronic box 2326b is connected to display structure 2325b via wiring 2329b. The circuitry in electronic box 2326c is connected to display structure 2325c via wiring 2329c. The circuitry in electronic box 2326d is connected to display structure 2325d via wiring 2329d. Display connectors 2328a, 2328b, 2328c, and 2328d extend from their respective housings 2326a, 2326b, 2326c, and 2326d in the same downstream direction. Connectors 2328a, 2328b, 2328c, and 2328d are configured to point in the same downstream direction. Cables 2329a, 2329b, 2329c, and 2329d are of the same length (e.g., substantially) from each electronic box 2326a, 2326b, 2326c, and 2326d to the respective display structures 2325a, 2325b, 2325c, and 2325d, and extend within a portion of frame 2322a. The electronic boxes can be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, in the case where the hard surfaces 2321a, 2321b, and 2321c are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) electronic boxes can be operatively coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint level of these windows.The controller, housed within the housing 2330, is mounted within a portion of the inner frame 2322b of the upper vertical frame 2323 (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2320). The circuitry within the controller 2330 (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to the display structure 2325e via wiring 2329e. The circuitry within the controller 2330 is connected to the display structure 2325f via wiring 2329f. The circuitry within the controller 2330 (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to the display structure 2325g via wiring 2329g. The circuitry within the controller 2330 is connected to the display structure 2325h via wiring 2329h. Cables 2329e, 2329f, 2329g, and 2329h are of the same length (e.g., substantially the same) from controller 2330 to the respective display structures 2325e, 2325f, 2325g, and 2325h, and extend within portions of frames 2322b and 2322c. Controller 2330 may be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, in the case where hard surfaces 2321a, 2321b, and 2321c are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) controller may be operatively coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint level of these windows.

[0203] Figure 24 illustrates examples of rigid surfaces 2421a, 2421b, and 2421c (e.g., tintable windows) mounted (e.g., via hinges and / or adhesives) within frames 2422a, 2422b, and 2422c. Frames 2422a, 2422b, and 2422c include vertical frames 2423 and horizontal frames 2424 (sometimes referred to as horizontal frames). Four display structures 2425a, 2425b, 2425c, and 2425d are mounted within frame 2422a; two display structures 2425e and 2425f are mounted within frame 2422b; and two display structures 2425g and 2425h are mounted within frame 2422c and can cover all (or only a portion) of the viewable surfaces (e.g., panels or windows, such as the visible surface of tinted windows) of the respective rigid surfaces 2421a, 2421b, and 2421c. Four controllers, housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E) boxes) 2426a, 2426b, 2426c, and 2426d, are mounted within a portion of frame 2422a in the upper (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2420) vertical frame 2423. The circuitry in electronic box 2426a (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2425a via wiring 2429a. The circuitry in electronic box 2426b is connected to display structure 2425b via wiring 2429b. The circuitry in electronic box 2426c (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2425c via wiring 2429c. The circuitry in electronic box 2426d is connected to display structure 2425d via wiring 2429d. Cables 2429a, 2429b, 2429c, and 2429d are of the same length (e.g., substantially) from each electronic box 2426a, 2426b, 2426c, and 2426d to the respective display structures 2425a, 2425b, 2425c, and 2425d, and extend within a portion of frame 2422a. The electronic boxes can be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, in the case where the hard surfaces 2421a, 2421b, and 2421c are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) electronic boxes can be operatively coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint level of these windows. The controller, housed within the housing 2430, is mounted within a portion of the inner frame 2422b of the upper vertical frame 2423 (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2420). The circuitry within the controller 2430 (e.g., including timing controllers, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to the display configuration 2425e via wiring 2429e. The circuitry within the controller 2430 is connected to the display configuration 2425f via wiring 2429f.The circuitry in controller 2430 (e.g., including timing controllers, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2425g via cabling 2429g. The circuitry in controller 2430 is connected to display structure 2425h via cabling 2429h. Cables 2429e, 2429f, 2429g, and 2429h are of the same length (e.g., substantially the same) from controller 2430 to the respective display structures 2425e, 2425f, 2425g, and 2425h, and extend within portions of frames 2422b and 2422c. Controller 2430 may be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, in the case where hard surfaces 2421a, 2421b, and 2421c are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) controller can be operatively coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint level of these windows.

[0204] Figure 25 illustrates examples of rigid surfaces 2521a, 2521b, and 2521c (e.g., tintable windows) installed (e.g., via hinges and / or adhesives) within frames 2522a, 2522b, and 2522c. Frames 2522a, 2522b, and 2522c include vertical frames 2523 and horizontal frames 2524 (sometimes referred to as horizontal frames). Four display structures 2525a, 2525b, 2525c, and 2525d are mounted within frame 2522a; two display structures 2525e and 2525f are mounted within frame 2522b; and two display structures 2525g and 2525h are mounted within frame 2522c and can cover all (or only a portion) of the visible surfaces (e.g., panels or windows, such as the visible surface of a tinted window) of the respective rigid surfaces 2521a, 2521b, and 2521c. Four controllers, housed within housings (also referred to herein as electrical (E) boxes) 2526a, 2526b, 2526c, and 2526d, are mounted within a portion of frame 2522a within the upper (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2520) vertical frame 2523. The circuitry in electronic box 2526a (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2525a via wiring 2529a. The circuitry in electronic box 2526b is connected to display structure 2525b via wiring 2529b. The circuitry in electronic box 2526c (e.g., including a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2525c via wiring 2529c. The circuitry in electronic box 2526d is connected to display structure 2525d via wiring 2529d. Cables 2529a, 2529b, 2529c, and 2529d are of the same length (e.g., substantially) from each electronic box 2526a, 2526b, 2526c, and 2526d to the respective display structures 2525a, 2525b, 2525c, and 2525d, and extend within a portion of frame 2522a. The electronic boxes can be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, in the case where the hard surfaces 2521a, 2521b, and 2521c are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) electronic boxes can be operatively coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint level of these windows. The controller, housed within the housing 2530, is mounted within a portion of the inner frame 2522b of the upper vertical frame 2523 (relative to the center of gravity pointed to by vector 2520). The circuitry within the controller 2530 (e.g., including timing controllers, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to the display structure 2525e via wiring 2529e. The circuitry within the controller 2530 is connected to the display structure 2525f via wiring 2529f.The circuitry in controller 2530 (e.g., including timing controllers, network components, and / or media-related circuitry) is connected to display structure 2525g via cabling 2529g. The circuitry in controller 2530 is connected to display structure 2525h via cabling 2529h. Cables 2529e, 2529f, 2529g, and 2529h are of the same length (e.g., substantially the same) from controller 2530 to the respective display structures 2525e, 2525f, 2525g, and 2525h, and extend within portions of frames 2522b and 2522c. Controller 2530 may be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility. For example, in the case where hard surfaces 2521a, 2521b, and 2521c are one or more tintable windows, any (e.g., all) controller can be operatively coupled to at least one controller that controls the tint level of these windows.

[0205] In some embodiments, one or more controllers in the housing ((E) box) provide functionality to one or more display configurations. The electronic box may have a cover bracket that can be fastened to a mounting bracket. The cover bracket and the mounting bracket may be installed within a portion of a window frame and / or mounted to other structures. The electronic box may have length, width, and height. The length of the electronic box may be up to 15 inches (", 14", 13", 12", 11", or 10". The length of the electronics box can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., between approximately 15” and 10”, such as approximately 12.5”). The width of the electronics box can be up to 5 inches (”), 4”, 3.5”, 3”, 2.5”, 2”, or 1.5”. The width of the electronics box can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., between approximately 5” and 1.5”, such as approximately 3.75”). The height of the electronics box can be up to 3”, 2.5”, 2”, 1.5”, or 1”. The height of the electronics box can be any value between the aforementioned values ​​(e.g., between approximately 3” and 1”, such as 1.75”). The circuit board may include an analog-to-digital converter circuit board, which can be mounted to one or both of a cover bracket and a mounting bracket. The circuit board may include terminals for connection via cable to a power source (e.g., AC or DC power), the cable supplying electrical power to the electronic box. The circuit board may include at least one (or more) data input connectors (e.g., display port, HDMI, Ethernet, or other types of connectors for data transmission), the data input connectors receiving data for display on an associated display structure, and the circuit board may include at least one (or more) electronic box connectors (e.g., display port). Electronic box connectors (such as HDMI, Ethernet, or other types of connectors for data transmission) can transmit data to another electronic box. The electronic box may include a controller board that can be operatively coupled to a circuit board. The circuit board may include geolocation technologies such as Bluetooth, radio frequency (e.g., UWBRT), or Global Positioning System (GPS). The controller board may include a timing controller, networking components, and / or media-related circuitry. The timing controller can be used to precisely coordinate changes in the timing of various locations (e.g., LEDs) within the display structure. The controller board may include connectors for cabling that connects to the display structure. The cabling can transmit data between the electronic box and the display structure. Connectors from the electronic box to the display structure (e.g., for power and / or data transmission) may extend from the electronic box in the same direction or in different directions. For example, all power connectors from the electronic box to the display structure may extend in the same direction and from the same side of the electronic box and / or the PCB housed therein. For example, all communication connectors from the electronic box to the display structure may extend in the same direction and from the same side of the electronic box and / or the PCB housed therein.The power connector supplying power from the PCB of the electronic box to the display structure may reside on the same PCB side as the data connector from the PCB of the electronic box to the display structure (e.g., extending in the same direction, e.g., towards the display structure and away from the electronic box). The data and / or power connector between the electronic box and the display structure may reside in the electronic box at an angle (perpendicular to the second side) to the second side of the electronic box where the connector for the incoming power cable resides. The data and / or power connector between the electronic box and the display structure may reside in the electronic box at an angle (perpendicular to the third side) to the third side of the electronic box where the connector for the incoming data and / or media communication cable resides. The connectors for (i) incoming power, (ii) incoming data (e.g., media) communication, and (iii) power and / or data residing in the display structure may or may not reside on a single PCB. The electronic box can be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility. The electronic box may have a unique network identifier (ID), for example, for communicating with at least one controller of the control facility.

[0206] In some embodiments, a plurality of cables extend from an electronic housing to a display structure. The cables are connected via connectors to a circuitry within the electronic housing. The circuitry may reside on one or more printed circuit boards (PCBs). The cables may be connected to the PCBs via connectors. Connectors may connect a plurality of wires bundled together as cables. The number of connectors may be at least 2, 4, 6, or 8. The number of connectors may be even. The cables may have the same or different functions. Functionality may include transmitting data and / or transmitting power (e.g., electrical power). For example, connectors may connect cables that transmit data from the PCB to the display structure. For example, connectors may connect cables that transmit power from the PCB to the display structure. Connectors may form two groups of connectors. The members of a connector group may be the same or different. For example, a connector group may include data connectors and power connectors. The individual configurations of connector types within a connector group may follow mirror symmetry, inversion symmetry, and / or rotational (e.g., C2) symmetry. Mirrors, axes of rotation, and / or reversal points for symmetrical operation may be positioned between the two connector groups.

[0207] Figure 26 shows an exploded view of an example of a controller in a housing (electronic box) 2602. The electronic box 2602 has a cover bracket 2603 fastened to a mounting bracket 2604. The cover bracket 2603 has a plurality of slits 2620 (e.g., for ventilation and / or heat exchange). The cover bracket 2602 and the mounting bracket 2604 can be mounted within a portion of a window frame (not shown in this figure) or to other structures (e.g., fasteners). The electronic box 2602 includes an analog / digital converter circuit board 2605, which can be mounted to one or both of the cover bracket 2603 and the mounting bracket 2604. Circuit board 2605 may include terminals 2606 for connection to (e.g., AC) power cables that provide electrical power to electronic box 2602; at least one data input connector (e.g., display port, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission) 2607 that can receive data for display on an associated display structure; and at least one electronic box connector (e.g., display port, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission) 2608 that can transmit data to another electronic box. Electronic box 2602 includes a controller board 2610 that is operatively coupled to circuit board 2605. Controller board 2610 may include a timing controller and / or media-related circuitry. The timing controller can be used (e.g., precisely) to coordinate changes in the timing of various locations (e.g., LEDs) of the display structure. Circuit board (e.g., controller board) 2610 includes connectors (e.g., 2611) connected to cables 2612a-f that are connected to the display structure. Cables 2612a-f can transmit data and / or power between the electronic box 2602 and the display structure. For example, some of cables 2612a-f can transmit data and some of cables can transmit power. For example, the two outermost cables 2612c and 2612f can transmit power, and the four inner cables 2612e, 2612d, 2612a and 2612b can transmit data. For example, the two innermost cables 2612d and 2612a can transmit power, and the four outer cables 2612e, 2612f, 2612c and 2612b can transmit data. For example, the two middle cables 26123 and 2612b can transmit power, and the other four cables 2612d, 2612f, 2612c and 2612a can transmit data. Two of cables 2612a-f can transmit power, and all four of cables 2612a-f can transmit data. The connector can extend from the electronics box in the same direction or in different directions. In the example shown in Figure 26, connector 2611 extends from electronics box 2602 in the same direction. The connector can extend from the electronics box at a right angle to the direction of the (e.g., AC) power cable extension or at any other angle to the direction of the power cable extension.The electronic box can be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or via a wired connection) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility. The electronic box may have a unique network ID for communicating with at least one controller of the control facility.

[0208] Figures 27A and 27B show various views of the assembled electronics box 2702, which is shown as an exploded view in Figure 26. The electronics box 2702 has a cover bracket 2703 fastened to a mounting bracket 2704. The cover bracket 2702 and the mounting bracket 2704 can be mounted within a portion of a window frame (not shown in this figure) or to other structures. The electronics box 2702 may have dimensions for fitting within a structure (e.g., as disclosed herein) (e.g., length 2730, width 2731, and thickness 2732). The structure can be any structure disclosed herein. The electronics box 2702 includes (e.g., an analog / digital converter) a circuit board 2705, which can be mounted to one or both of the cover bracket 2703 and the mounting bracket 2704. Circuit board 2705 includes terminals 2706 for connection to (e.g., AC) power cables 2715, which provide electrical power to electronic box 2702; at least one data input connector (e.g., display port, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission) 2707 for receiving data for display on an associated display structure; and at least one electronic box connector (e.g., display port, HDMI, Ethernet, or other type of connector for data transmission) 2708 for transmitting data, for example, via cable 2716, to another electronic box or network. Electronic box 2702 includes a controller board 2710 operably coupled to circuit board 2705. Controller board 2710 may include a timing controller and media-related circuitry. The timing controller can be used to precisely coordinate changes in the timing of various locations (e.g., LEDs) in the display structure. Controller board 2710 includes connectors 2711 connected to cable 2712, which is connected to the display structure. Cable 2712 can transmit data and / or power between electronic box 2702 and display structure. Connector 2711 extends from electronic box 2702 in the same direction.

[0209] Figure 32 shows an example of an exploded view of an electronics box 3202. The electronics box 3202 has a cover bracket 3203 that is fastened to a mounting bracket 3204. The cover bracket 3202 and the mounting bracket 3204 can be mounted within a structure, such as a fastener, for example, a window frame (not shown in this figure). The electronics box 3202 may have dimensions consistent with those fitting into a part of the structure, or may have other dimensions greater or smaller than such dimensions (e.g., as disclosed herein). The electronics box 3202 includes (e.g., an analog / digital converter) a circuit board 3205, which can be mounted to one or both of the cover bracket 3203 and the mounting bracket 3204. Circuit board 3205 may include terminals 3206 for connection to one or more (e.g., AC) power cables that supply power to electronic box 3202 (e.g., via coaxial cable); at least one data input connector (e.g., display port, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3207 for receiving data for display on an associated display structure; and at least one electronic box connector (e.g., display port, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3208 for transmitting data to another electronic box and / or network. Electronic box 3202 includes circuit board 3210 (e.g., controller) operatively coupled to circuit board 3205. Circuit board 3210 may include a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry. The timing controller may be used to precisely coordinate changes in the timing of various locations (e.g., LEDs) within the display structure. Circuit board 3210 includes connectors 3211a-f that connect to a cable (e.g., 3212), which in turn connects to a display structure. Cable 3212 can transmit data and / or power between electronic box 3202 and the display structure. Electronic box 3202 can be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device of the facility. Electronic box 3202 may have a unique network ID for communicating with at least one controller of the control facility.

[0210] Figures 33A to 33D show various views of the electronic box. The electronic box 3302 has a cover bracket 3303 fastened to a mounting bracket 3304. The cover bracket 3303 and the mounting bracket 3304 can be mounted within a structure or a portion of that structure (e.g., a fastener, such as a window frame (not shown in this figure)). The electronic box 3302 may have dimensions for mounting within the structure (e.g., having a length 3330, a width 3331, and a thickness 3332), such as any dimensions disclosed herein. The electronic box 3302 includes (e.g., an analog / digital converter) a first circuit board that can be mounted to one or both of the cover bracket 3303 and the mounting bracket 3304. The first circuit board includes one or more terminals (e.g., 3306) for connection to (e.g., AC) power cables (e.g., coaxial cables or twisted pairs) that provide electrical power to the electronic box 3302; one or more data input connectors (e.g., display ports, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3307 that can receive data for display on an associated display structure; and one or more electronic box connectors (e.g., display ports, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3308 that can transmit data to another electronic box. The electronic box 3302 includes a second (e.g., controller) circuit board 3305 that is operatively coupled to the first circuit board. In some embodiments, the first and second circuit boards are a single circuit board (e.g., residing on the same or different sides of the circuit board). In some embodiments, the first and second circuit boards are separate circuit boards separated by a distance that facilitates heat exchange and / or shielding (e.g., electronic and / or electromagnetic (e.g., radio frequency) shielding). The heat exchanger and / or shielding may comprise an elemental metal or metal alloy. The heat exchanger may passively and / or actively exchange heat. The heat exchanger may comprise heat pipes, plates, or mesh. The heat exchanger may comprise heat sinks. The second circuit board 3305 may include a timing controller, network components, and / or media-related circuitry. The timing controller can be used to precisely coordinate changes in the timing of various locations (e.g., LEDs) within the display structure. In the example shown in Figures 33A-D, the second circuit board includes connectors 3311 connected to one or more cables 3312, which in turn connect to the display structure. The cables 3312 can transmit data and / or power between the electronics box 3302 and the display structure. Additional cables may be present connecting the electronics box and the display structure (not shown). The electronics box 3302 may be operatively coupled (e.g., wirelessly and / or wired) to a network that is coupled to at least one controller of a control facility or any controllable device within the facility. Electronic box 3302 may have a unique network ID for communicating with at least one controller of the control facility.

[0211] Figures 34A to 34E illustrate various view examples of circuit board 3405, which can be mounted within an electronic compartment. Circuit board 3405 may include terminals 3406 for connection to one or more AC power cables, which provide electrical power to circuit board 3405; at least one data input connector (e.g., display port, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3407 for receiving data for display on an associated display structure; and at least one electronic compartment connector (e.g., display port, HDMI, Ethernet, and / or other types of connectors for data transmission) 3408 for transmitting data to another electronic compartment. Circuit board 3405 may be operatively coupled to a controller board, which may include a timing controller and media-related circuitry, and connectors for cabling connected to the display structure.

[0212] In some embodiments, certain devices, non-transitory computer-readable media, and / or methods described herein include techniques for passing gas (e.g., air) through at least one pane of a tintable window. The tintable window may comprise an insulating glass unit, such as a tinted electrochromic coated pane of an IGU. The passing of gas (e.g., air) may be for the purpose of removing heat and / or mitigating thermal loads on, for example, the pane and any optically switchable devices (e.g., electrochromic coatings) and / or other components (e.g., display structures) on the pane and its substrate. The passing of gas (e.g., air) may be used to remove heat via, for example, convection. Heat may be removed via conduction and / or radiation. In some embodiments, gas already heated by and / or through the IGU pane may be transferred, such as by pumping, pushing, and / or suction. The gas may flow to the interior environment of the facility and / or the exterior of the facility (e.g., a building) having the IGU pane. For example, heated gas may be used to heat the interior of the facility. In some embodiments, heated gas may be used to drive a turbine to generate electricity. The electricity generated can be stored in the battery on the forced air vent assembly.

[0213] In some embodiments, a forced gas colorable (e.g., electrochromic) window may include two or more ventilation modules communicating with the internal space between the electrochromic window and a third window of the IGU sub-assembly. In some cases, one or more of these ventilation modules may include one or more air movement devices, such as one or more fans, for actively moving gas (e.g., air) through the internal space between the electrochromic window and the third window. In one case, the one or more air movement devices (e.g., fans) may include one of a bladed fan, a bladeless fan, or an air pump. In some cases, one or more air movement devices from the structure and outside the forced gas colorable window may be configured to feed air into or out of one or more of the ventilation modules. In some embodiments, the exhaust air can be used to generate electricity by rotating a turbine connected to a generator. The generated electricity may be stored in a battery, for example, in one of the ventilation modules. Examples of forced air tinted windows, their use and control can be found in PCT / US15 / 14453 (WO 2015 / 120045A1), filed February 4, 2015, entitled "Forced Air Smart Windows," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0214] Figure 28 illustrates an example of a display configuration 2801 coupled to a fastener 2802, the display configuration being framed by a sensor and transmitter panel, such as 2803. The display configuration is coupled (e.g., via wiring and / or cabling not shown in Figure 28) to an electronics box 2811 and a power supply 2810. The electronics box and power supply may be located adjacent to or away from the display configuration, as described herein (e.g., in a fixture cavity, such as in a window frame or in a wall cavity). Fastener 2802 includes a hinge having a first blade 2821 and a second blade 2822, including a bracket, coupled by a steering knuckle and pivot configuration. Fastener 2802 includes a gas guide 2823 (partial view shown) that facilitates directional flow of gas through an assembly of fans 2805 coupled to individual holes in the blade portion 2821 (partial view shown). The gas guiding component is configured to attach to a circuit board 2830 having a connector 2831, which connects the circuit board to the display structure 2801. The circuit board may include a controller and / or a driver board.

[0215] In some embodiments, the display structure includes touch screen functionality. In some embodiments, a plurality of display structures may be configured adjacent to each other (e.g., to form a display wall, such as a video wall). The display structures may be configured in a matrix (also referred to herein as a group or collection of display structures). A gap may exist between two adjacent display structures. No other display structure is included between adjacent display structures. The gap may be shielded or unshielded. Gap shielding may comprise a flexible filler, such as a transparent polymer and / or resin. The flexible filler may comprise a carbon-based or silicon-based polymer or resin. The filler may comprise an optical grade material. The filler may be polymerized and / or cured by mixing at least two components. At least two components and / or at least one of the fillers may have a viscosity of at least about 400 mPa*s, 1000 mPa*s, 2000 mPa*s, 3000 mPa*s, 5000 mPa*s, 6000 mPa*s, 7000 mPa*s, 8000 mPa*s, 9000 mPa*s, 10000 mPa*s, 25000 mPa*s, or 50000 mPa*s. The density of the filler may be at least about 0.9 g / cm³, 0.95 g / cm³, 0.97 g / cm³, 0.98 g / cm³, or 0.99 g / cm³. The filler may have a low shrinkage rate after curing (e.g., a shrinkage rate of at most about 0.2%, 0.1%, or 0.5% per volume after curing relative to that before curing). The filler may have a dielectric constant of up to about 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, or 2.9. The filler may have a dielectric constant between any of the aforementioned dielectric constants (e.g., from 2.5 to 2.9 or from 2.7 to 2.8). The filler may be optically clear (e.g., for the average person). The filler may have a tensile strength of at least 2 kgf / cm², 2.2 kgf / cm², 2.5 kgf / cm², 3 kgf / cm², 3.5 kgf / cm², 4.0 kgf / cm², 4.5 kgf / cm², 5.0 kgf / cm², 5.5 kgf / cm², or 6 kgf / cm². The filler may have a transmittance (e.g., visible light) of at least about 98%, 98.5%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.4%, or 99.5%. The filler may have a refractive index of up to about 1.9, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, or 1.3 at 25°C, 23°C, or 20°C. For example, the filler may be Wacker Lumisil® (WL) filler (e.g., WL 100, 200, or 300 series). The flexible filler can be configured to allow for expansion and / or contraction of the display (e.g., due to temperature changes). The flexible filler can be configured to bond adjacent displays to each other and / or to a structure. This structure may be a colorable window, panel, or wall.Mounting brackets and / or hinges can be fastened to the display structure and mounted to the structure. The structure may include frame or wall portions. The structure may include fasteners. The frame may include vertical and horizontal frames. Fasteners (e.g., frames) can be mounted (e.g., bonded, secured, and / or by other attachment components) to various surfaces (e.g., walls, panels, glass, and / or other mounting locations within the facility). In some embodiments, the display structure can be directly attached to the structure (e.g., a tinted window). Direct attachment can use polymers and / or resins. Direct attachment can use bonding. Bonding can utilize adhesive polymers and / or resins (e.g., as disclosed herein). The bonding material may have a more ductile state compared to other states (e.g., rigidity). The rigid state may be generalized under environmental conditions. The ductile state may be under specific controllable conditions different from environmental conditions. Changes between the ductile and rigid states can be triggered by external stimuli (e.g., heat, magnetic fields, electric fields, and / or chemical stimuli). For example, the filler (e.g., adhesive polymer and / or resin) may be heat-sensitive. For example, the filler may be more flexible under non-environmental conditions (e.g., under heated conditions) and facilitate the separation of the display components from their supporting structure (e.g., for maintenance or replacement). The division between the display components and / or touchscreens in the assembly may be masked, for example, due to the proximity of the display components and the absence of an emitter-sensor panel between two adjacent display components. Flexible filler may be disposed between two adjacent display components.

[0216] In some embodiments, the display structure can be secured to a side bracket. The side bracket can be secured to a structure (e.g., a fastener, such as a frame portion or wall). The side bracket can be secured to the display structure (e.g., via adhesive and / or screws). The side bracket is operatively coupled to at least one pair (e.g., two pairs) of transmitter and sensor panels. A first pair of sensors and transmitter panels can be orthogonally positioned to a second pair of sensors and transmitter panels. Two orthogonal pairs of sensors and transmitter panels can facilitate operation of at least one touchscreen.

[0217] In some embodiments, a plurality of display structures are configured to form a display structure wall. The display structure wall may or may not include touchscreen capability. For example, at least one (e.g., all) of the display structures in the display structure wall may have touchscreen capability. Touchscreen can be facilitated by at least one pair of sensor and transmitter panels. The touchscreen may include two orthogonal sensor and transmitter pairs, such as orthogonally arranged sensors and transmitters (e.g., as disclosed herein). The distance between the transmitter panel and its sensor panel may span one or more display structures. The display structures may be arranged in a matrix configuration (e.g., a set of display structures may be formed in a 2×2 display structure). In some embodiments, at least one (e.g., each) of the set of display structures includes its dedicated touchscreen having at least one set (e.g., two sets) of sensor and transmitter panels. In some embodiments, at least two of the set of display structures include their dedicated touchscreens having at least one set (e.g., two sets) of sensor and transmitter panels. The signal from the transmitter in the transmitter panel is guided to the sensor in the sensor panel. If the signal fails to reach the sensor, the touchscreen controller can interpret such interference as a touch on the touchscreen. Therefore, the path between the transmitter and the sensor should not be unintentionally interfered with.

[0218] In some embodiments, the display structure and / or the set of display structures is (e.g., substantially) flat. The tolerance for flatness variation of the display structure is limited (e.g., to facilitate operation of sensor-emitter panels located adjacent to the display structure). The tolerance for flatness variation between display st...

Claims

1. An apparatus for aligning media displays in a matrix of media displays, the apparatus comprising: a retaining clip configured to (i) be mounted to a first media display and a second media display, (ii) facilitate alignment of the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially coplanar plane, (iii) retain or substantially retain the relative position of the first media display and the second media display during engagement of the retaining clip with the first media display and the second media display, and (iv) be disposed adjacent to a first end of the first media display and a second end of the second media display, wherein the first media display is disposed adjacent to the second media display in the matrix of media displays; wherein the retaining clip is configured to (a) be removably mounted to the first media display via a first frame of the first media display and (b) be removably mounted to the second media display via a second frame of the second media display.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the retaining clip is configured to retain or substantially retain the relative positions of the first media display, the second media display, and a support structure coupled to the first media display and the second media display during engagement of the retaining clip with the first media display and the second media display.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the retaining clip is configured to be removably mounted to the first media display and the second media display.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the retaining clip is configured to be removably mounted to the first media display and the second media display at least in part by being configured to engage and disengage with the first media display and the second media display.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first media display is coupled to a side of a support panel on a first side of the first media display opposite to the first end, and wherein the second media display is coupled to that side of the support panel on a second side of the second media display opposite to the second end.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first media display is coupled to the side of the support panel using a first hinge, and wherein the second media display is coupled to the side of the support panel using a second hinge.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first hinge facilitates rotation of the first media display relative to the support panel about a first hinge engagement, and wherein the second hinge facilitates rotation of the second media display relative to the support panel about a second hinge engagement.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the retaining clip is configured to impede the rotation of the first media display and the second media display when the retaining clip is mounted to the first media display and the second media display.

9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the support panel includes a window, and the window is a colorable window.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first media display includes a first pin extending therefrom, the second media display includes a second pin extending therefrom, and the retaining clip is configured to engage with the first pin and the second pin to facilitate (i) the alignment of the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane, and / or (ii) maintaining or substantially maintaining the relative positions of the first media display and the second media display over time and / or during operation.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the retaining clip is configured to be coupled to an inner frame portion, the inner frame portion including (i) a first arm extending across a window in a first direction and secured to a window frame system; (ii) a second arm extending substantially perpendicular to the first direction in a second direction, the second arm extending across the media display matrix and configured to secure the media display to the window frame system; and (iii) a joint that secures the first arm to the second arm and removably secures the retaining clip to the inner frame portion disposed between the first media display and the second media display.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the retaining clip comprises (i) a first leg configured to align the first media display and the second media display in the same plane or substantially the same plane, wherein the first media display is coupled to the first leg on a first side of the first media display opposite to the first end, wherein the second media display is coupled to the first leg on a second side of the second media display opposite to the second end; and (ii) a second leg extending substantially perpendicular to the first leg from the joint and configured to facilitate the mounting of the retaining clip.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the inner frame portion includes a semi-permeable material, the semi-permeable material being (a) between the first arm and (i) the first media display, (ii) the second media display or (iii) both the first media display and the second media display and / or (b) between the second arm and (i) the first media display, (ii) the second media display or (iii) both the first media display and the second media display.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the semi-permeable material is configured to be compressed to maintain the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane, and / or configured to allow airflow through the semi-permeable material.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the retaining clip is configured to (i) be mounted to the first media display, the second media display, a third media display, and a fourth media display; (ii) facilitate alignment of the first media display, the second media display, the third media display, and the fourth media display in the same or substantially the same plane; (iii) maintain or substantially maintain the relative positions of the first media display, the second media display, the third media display, and the fourth media display during engagement of the retaining clip with the first media display, the second media display, the third media display, and the fourth media display; and (iv) be disposed adjacent to a first end of the first media display, a second end of the second media display, a third end of the third media display, and a fourth end of the fourth media display, wherein in the matrix of media displays, the first media display is disposed adjacent to the second media display, the second media display is disposed adjacent to the third media display, the third media display is disposed adjacent to the fourth media display, and the fourth media display is disposed adjacent to the first media display.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the retaining clip includes (i) a first leg extending from a center of a retaining clip, the first leg being configured to align a first media display and a second media display in a coplanar or substantially coplanar plane, wherein the first media display is coupled to the first leg on a first side of the first media display opposite to the first end, wherein a second media display is coupled to the first leg on a second side of the second media display opposite to the second end; and (ii) a second leg extending from the center of the retaining clip in a lateral direction opposite to the first leg. The second leg is configured to align the third media display and the fourth media display in the same plane or substantially the same plane, wherein the third media display is coupled to the second leg on a third side of the third media display opposite to a third end of one of the third media displays, and wherein the fourth media display is coupled to the second leg on a fourth side of the fourth media display opposite to a fourth end of one of the fourth media displays; and (iii) a third leg extending substantially perpendicular to the first leg and the second leg, the third leg being configured to facilitate the mounting of the retaining clip.

17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the retaining clip is configured to be coupled to an inner frame portion, the inner frame portion including (i) a first arm extending across a window and fastened to one of a window frame systems, wherein the first arm includes a curvature having an upright flange; and (ii) a half-permeable material configured to be mounted between the first arm and the first media display, the second media display, or both the first media display and the second media display.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the semi-permeable material is configured to be compressed to maintain the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially the same plane, and / or configured to allow airflow through the semi-permeable material.

19. A method for aligning media displays of a media display matrix, the method comprising: mounting a retaining clip together with a first media display and a second media display, the mounting facilitating (i) alignment of the first media display and the second media display in the same or substantially coplanar plane; (ii) maintaining or substantially maintaining the relative position of the first media display and the second media display during engagement of the retaining clip with the first media display and the second media display, the retaining clip being mounted such that it is disposed adjacent to a first end of the first media display and a second end of the second media display, wherein the first media display is disposed adjacent to the second media display in the matrix of media displays; wherein the retaining clip is configured to be removably mounted to the first media display via a first frame of the first media display and (b) removably mounted to the second media display via a second frame of the second media display.

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