Liquid-crystal medium

Abstract

This invention relates to a palmitic liquid crystal (LC) medium comprising, as defined in technical claim 1, a) one or more compounds of formula I, b) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC and IID, and c) one or more palmitic dopants; and to the use of the LC medium for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, particularly in LC displays, preferably in LC displays for outdoor use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a palmitic liquid crystal (LC) medium and to the use of the LC medium for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, particularly in LC displays, and preferably in LC displays for outdoor use. Prior Technology

[0002] One of the liquid crystal display (LCD) modes currently in use is the TN ("twisted nematic") mode. However, TN LCDs have the disadvantage of strong viewing angle dependence on contrast.

[0003] Furthermore, so-called VA ("vertically aligned") displays are known to have a wider viewing angle. The LC cell of a VA display contains a layer of LC dielectric material between two transparent electrodes, wherein the LC dielectric material typically exhibits negative dielectric anisotropy. In the off state, the molecules of the LC layer are aligned perpendicularly to the electrode surfaces (vertical) or have a tilted vertical alignment. When a voltage is applied to the two electrodes, the LC molecules parallel to the electrode surfaces undergo reorientation.

[0004] It is also known as an IPS (In-Plane Switching) display, which contains an LC layer between two substrates, wherein two electrodes are disposed on only one of the two substrates and preferably have a forked comb structure. When pressure is applied to the electrodes, an electric field with a significant component parallel to the LC layer is generated therein. This causes the LC molecules in the layer plane to realign.

[0005] In addition, so-called FFS ("edge field switching") displays have been reported (see especially SH Jung et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., p.

[43] Vol. 3, No. 3, 2004, 1028), which contains two electrodes on the same substrate, one of which is structured in a comb-like manner and the other is unstructured. This results in a strong so-called "edge field", that is, a strong electric field near the edge of the electrode and through the cell, with both a strong vertical component and a strong horizontal component. FFS displays have low viewing angle dependence of contrast. FFS displays typically contain an LC dielectric with positive dielectric anisotropy and an alignment layer, usually polyimide, which provides planar alignment for the molecules of the LC dielectric.

[0006] FFS displays can operate as active matrix displays or passive matrix displays. In the case of an active matrix display, individual pixels are typically addressed by integrated nonlinear active elements, such as, for example, transistors (e.g., thin-film transistors ("TFTs")), while in the case of a passive matrix display, individual pixels are typically addressed by multiplexing methods as known in the prior art.

[0007] Furthermore, FFS displays have been disclosed (see SH Lee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(20), 1998, 2882-2883 and SH Lee et al., Liquid Crystals 39(9), 2012, 1141-1148), which have similar electrode designs and layer thicknesses to FFS displays, but include a layer of LC dielectric with negative dielectric anisotropy instead of a layer of LC dielectric with positive dielectric anisotropy. LC dielectric with negative dielectric anisotropy is more advantageous for directional orientation, exhibiting less tilt and more torsional orientation compared to LC dielectric with positive dielectric anisotropy, resulting in higher transmittance. These displays further include an alignment layer, preferably a polyimide alignment layer provided on at least one of the substrates, which contacts the LC dielectric and induces planar alignment of the LC molecules in the LC dielectric. These displays are also referred to as "Ultra-Bright FFS (UB-FFS)" mode displays. These displays require highly reliable LC media.

[0008] In newer types of VA displays, the uniform alignment of LC molecules is confined to a plurality of relatively small domains within the LC cell. Anisotropy can exist between these domains (also called tilted domains). VA displays with tilted domains offer greater viewing angle independence and grayscale compared to conventional VA displays. Furthermore, this type of display is simpler to manufacture because the electrode surfaces (e.g., those used for the uniform alignment of molecules in the on-state) are no longer necessary through additional treatment by friction. Instead, the preferred direction of the tilt angle or pre-tilt angle is controlled by the specific design of the electrodes.

[0009] In so-called MVA (Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment) displays, this is typically achieved using electrodes with protrusions that cause local pre-tilts. As a result, LC molecules align parallel to the electrode surface in different directions in different defined regions of the cell when voltage is applied. This achieves "controlled" switching and prevents the formation of interference lines. While this configuration improves the viewing angle of the display, it leads to a decrease in the display's transmittance. Another development of MVA uses a protrusion on only one electrode side, with a slit on the opposite electrode, which improves transmittance. The slit electrode generates a non-uniform electric field in the LC cell when voltage is applied, meaning that controlled switching is still achieved. Further improvements in transmittance can be achieved by increasing the separation between the slit and the protrusion, but this subsequently leads to an increase in response time. In so-called PVA ("patterned VA") displays, protrusions are completely redundant because the two electrodes are structured with slits on opposite sides, resulting in increased contrast and improved light transmittance. However, this is technically difficult and makes the display more sensitive to mechanical influences (such as "taps"). Nevertheless, for many applications, such as monitors and especially TV screens, there is a demand for shorter response times and improved contrast and brightness (transmittance) of the display.

[0010] Another development is the so-called PS ("polymer-continuous") or PSA ("polymer-continuously aligned") type display, for which the term "polymer-stabilized" is occasionally used. In these, a small amount (e.g., 0.3% by weight, usually <1% by weight) of one or more polymerizable compounds, preferably polymerizable monomeric compounds, is added to the LC medium, and after the LC medium is filled into the display, in-situ polymerization or crosslinking is usually carried out by UV photopolymerization (where voltage is simultaneously applied to the electrodes of the display, if applicable). Polymerization is carried out at the temperature at which the liquid crystal phase is displayed in the LC medium, usually at room temperature. The addition of polymerizable liquid crystal primordia or liquid crystal compounds, also known as reactive liquid crystal primordia or "RM", to the LC mixture has proven to be particularly suitable.

[0011] Meanwhile, the PS(A) principle is being used in various conventional LC display modes. Therefore, for example, PS-VA, PS-OCB, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS, and PS-TN displays are known. In the case of PS-VA and PS-OCB displays, the aggregation of RM preferably utilizes the applied voltage, while in the case of PS-IPS displays, the applied voltage may or may not be utilized (preferably not utilized). As can be demonstrated in test cells, the PS(A) method results in pre-tilt within the cell. In the case of PS-VA displays, pre-tilt has a positive impact on response time. For PS-VA displays, standard MVA or PVA pixel and electrode layouts can be used. Furthermore, however, it is also possible, for example, to manage only one structured electrode side without protrusion, which significantly simplifies production and simultaneously results in excellent contrast and excellent transmittance.

[0012] PS-VA displays are described, for example, in EP 1 170 626 A2, US 6,861,107, US 7,169,449, US 2004 / 0191428 A1, US 2006 / 0066793 A1, and US 2006 / 0103804 A1. PS-OCB displays are described, for example, in T.-J-Chen et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45, 2006, 2702-2704, and SH Kim, L.-C-Chien, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 2004, 7643-7647. PS-IPS displays are described, for example, in US 6,177,972 and Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75(21), 3264. PS-TN displays are described, for example, in Optics Express 2004, 12(7), 1221.

[0013] Beneath the layer formed by phase separation and polymerization of the RM, these RMs induce the aforementioned pre-tilt angle. PSA displays typically contain an alignment layer on one or both of the substrates forming the display unit, which provides initial alignment of LC molecules prior to the polymer stabilization step. The alignment layer is typically applied to electrodes (where such electrodes are present) to contact the LC medium and induce the initial alignment of the LC molecules. This alignment layer may comprise, for example, polyimide, or be composed of polyimide, which can be prepared by rubbing or photoalignment.

[0014] As with conventional LC displays, PSA displays can operate as either active matrix displays or passive matrix displays. In the case of an active matrix display, individual pixels are typically addressed by integrated nonlinear active elements, such as, for example, transistors (e.g., thin-film transistors ("TFTs")), while in the case of a passive matrix display, individual pixels are typically addressed by multiplexing methods as known in the prior art.

[0015] Specifically for monitors, especially TV applications, the optimization of not only the response time of LC displays, but also contrast and brightness (and therefore transmittance) remains a requirement. The PSA method described in this paper offers significant advantages. Specifically, in the case of PS-VA, PS-IPS, and PS-FFS displays, a reduction in response time related to measurable pre-tilt in the test unit can be achieved without significantly adversely affecting other parameters.

[0016] Another problem observed in the prior art is that the use of conventional LC media in LC displays (including but not limited to PSA type displays) often leads to non-uniformity in the display, especially when the LC media is filled in display cells manufactured using the One Drop Fill (ODF) method. This phenomenon is also known as "ODF non-uniformity". Therefore, it is desirable to provide an LC media that leads to reduced ODF non-uniformity.

[0017] Another problem observed in the prior art is that LC media used in PSA displays (including but not limited to PSA-type displays) typically exhibit high viscosity and therefore high switching times. To reduce the viscosity and switching time of LC media, prior art has shown the addition of LC compounds containing alkenyl groups. However, LC media containing alkenyl compounds have been observed to typically exhibit reduced reliability and stability, as well as a decrease in VHR, especially after exposure to UV radiation. This is a significant drawback, particularly for PSA displays, because the photopolymerization of RM in PSA displays is typically carried out through exposure to UV radiation, which can cause a decrease in the VHR of the LC media.

[0018] Especially considering mobile devices, there is a great demand for displays with high transmittance, which enables the use of less intense backlighting and thus results in longer battery life. Alternatively, displays with higher brightness can be achieved, which have improved contrast, especially in ambient light.

[0019] Furthermore, there is a significant demand for PSA displays, and for LC media and polymerizable compounds used in such PSA displays, that enable high resistivity and a wide operating temperature range, short response time (even at low temperatures), low threshold voltage, low pre-tilt angle, grayscale multiplicity, high contrast and wide viewing angle, high VHR after UV exposure, and, in the case of polymerizable compounds, low melting point and high solubility in the LC bulk mixture. For PSA displays used in mobile applications, there is a particular demand for usable LC media that display low threshold voltage and high birefringence.

[0020] The present invention is based on the objective of providing novel and suitable materials for use in LC media containing reactive liquid crystal elements (RM) for PSA displays, which do not have the disadvantages indicated above or have such disadvantages to a reduced extent.

[0021] Specifically, the present invention is based on the objective of using an LC medium containing RM for PSA displays, which enables the display to have high transmittance and simultaneously extremely high resistivity, high VHR, high reliability, low threshold voltage, short response time, high birefringence, good UV absorption especially at longer wavelengths, allows RM to polymerize quickly and completely, allows the generation of a low pretilt angle (preferably as quickly as possible), enables high stability of pretilt even after a long time and / or after UV exposure, reduces or prevents the occurrence of "image retention" and "ODF inhomogeneity" in the display, and, in the case of RM, polymerizes as quickly and completely as possible and exhibits high solubility in LC media commonly used as the main mixture in PSA displays.

[0022] Recently, there has also been indication of the use of VA or PSA displays, such as PIDs (Public Information Displays), in outdoor applications. PIDs are one of the rising examples in the display market. There is an increasing number of PIDs being used to display various types of information in public areas such as train stations, streets, airports, hotels, and shopping malls.

[0023] PID displays are unique compared to conventional LC displays used in TV or IT applications because they are typically installed outdoors. Therefore, PID displays must exhibit greater durability for continuous operation under various environmental conditions and a wider operating temperature range compared to conventional LC displays. Consequently, the LC medium used in PID displays should have a wide LC phase transition and an extremely high Tni (phase transition temperature from nematic to isotropic state, also known as the "clarification temperature" or "clarification point") value, preferably 100°C or higher.

[0024] However, it has been recommended to date that LC media used in VA or PSA displays typically have a Tni value below 100°C.

[0025] Therefore, there remains a great demand for PSA displays, and for LC media containing polymerizable compounds, especially for outdoor use, which do not exhibit the disadvantages mentioned above, or exhibit only a minor degree of such disadvantages, and have improved properties. Summary of the Invention

[0026] These objectives have been achieved according to the present invention by means of the materials and processes described in this application. Specifically, it has been unexpectedly found that the use of liquid crystal bodies as described below allows for the aforementioned advantageous effects. These bodies are characterized by containing optically active components (also known as palmar dopants).

[0027] This invention relates to LC media, which comprise a) one or more compounds of formula I. in Ar represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms; Sp indicates a spacer group; RS represents H, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; ZS represents -O-, -C(O)O-, -(CH2)z- or -(CH2)zO-, or a single bond; HA indicates ; RH represents H, O, CH3, OH, or ORS, preferably H or O. RS1, RS2, RS3, and RS4 represent, respectively, alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and most preferably CH3; G represents H, RS, or the Z group S-HA; z is an integer from 1 to 6; and q is 3 or 4; and b) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC and IID. in R2A, R2B, R2C, and R2D each independently represent H, an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 15 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted with CN or CF3, or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, wherein one or more of these groups are CH2 groups that allow the O atoms to be not directly connected to each other via -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -OC-O-, or -O-CO- substitution; L1 and L2 each independently represent F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2; Y represents H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2 or CH3, preferably H or methyl, and most preferably H; Z2, Z2B, and Z2D each independently represent a single bond, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, or -CH=CHCH2O-; p represents 0, 1, or 2; q represents 0 or 1; and v represents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and c) one or more palm-shaped dopants; and d) polymerizable compounds of one or more formulas P, depending on the circumstances. Each of these individual groups, independently of each other and in the same or different manner each time it appears, has the following meaning: P is a polymerizable group. Sp spacer groups or single bonds, A1 and A2 preferably have an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic, or heterocyclic group with 4 to 25 ring atoms, and may also contain a fused ring, and may be unsubstituted, or monosubstituted or polysubstituted. Z 1-O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH 2-, -CH 2O-, -SCH 2-, -CH 2S-, -CF 2O-, -OCF 2-, -CF 2S-, -SCF 2-, -(CH 2) n1-, -CF 2CH 2-, -CH 2CF 2-, -(CF 2) n1-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH-, -CH 2-CH 2-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH 2-CH 2-, -CR 0R 00- or single bond, R0, R0OH, or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, RH, L or P-Sp-, LF, Cl, -CN, P-Sp- or a straight-chain, branched-chain or cycloalkyl group having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2- groups are substituted with -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- as appropriate, such that the O- and / or S- atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are substituted with P-Sp-, F, or Cl as appropriate. z 0, 1, 2, or 3, n1 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0028] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an LC display comprising the aforementioned LC medium.

[0029] Furthermore, the present invention relates to the LC medium or LC display as described above, wherein a compound of formula R is polymerized.

[0030] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for preparing LC media as described above and below, comprising the steps of mixing one or more compounds of formula IIA, IIB, IIC and / or IID with one or more antagonistic dopants and one or more compounds of formula I and, if applicable, with one or more compounds of formula R, and, if applicable, with other LC compounds and / or additives.

[0031] Furthermore, this invention relates to the use of the LC medium according to the invention in a PSA display, specifically to the use of a PSA display containing an LC medium for generating the tilt angle of the LC medium by in-situ polymerization (preferably in an electric or magnetic field) of a compound of formula R in the PSA display.

[0032] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an LC display comprising an LC medium according to the present invention, specifically a VA or PSA display, and particularly preferably a VA or PS-VA display.

[0033] Furthermore, this invention relates to the use of the LC medium according to the invention in a polymer-stabilized SA-VA display, and to a polymer-stabilized SA-VA display comprising the LC medium according to the invention.

[0034] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an LC display of the VA or PSA type, comprising two substrates, at least one of which is transparent to light, an electrode provided on each substrate or two electrodes provided on only one of the substrates, and a layer of LC dielectric located between the substrates, the LC dielectric comprising one or more polymerizable compounds and LC components as described above and below, wherein the polymerizable compounds are polymerized between the substrates of the display.

[0035] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an LC display as described above and below, comprising the steps of filling or otherwise providing an LC medium between substrates of the display, the LC medium comprising, where appropriate, one or more polymerizable compounds as described above and below, and polymerizing such polymerizable compounds where appropriate.

[0036] The PSA display according to the present invention has two electrodes, preferably in the form of a transparent layer applied to one or both of the substrates. In some displays, for example, in PS-VA displays, one electrode is applied to each of the two substrates.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the polymerizable component is polymerized in an LC display while a voltage is applied to the electrodes of the display.

[0038] The polymerizable compounds of polymerizable components are preferably polymerized by photopolymerization, and ideally by UV photopolymerization.

[0039] In the field of liquid crystals, it is generally known to add palmitic dopants (e.g., to nematic liquid crystal bulk mixtures). At low concentrations of palmitic dopants, a palmitic nematic phase, also known as a cholesterol phase, is obtained. In the field of twisted nematic liquid crystal displays, it is desirable to add dopants to achieve a uniform twisting direction and thus avoid misalignment. To achieve, for example, the shorter pitch required in super-twisted LCDs (STN displays), increased concentrations are used.

[0040] Surprisingly, it has been found that using the liquid crystal body and LC medium containing it according to the present invention in VA or PS-VA displays enables the displays to have improved transmittance while maintaining excellent performance regardless of process-related parameters. Specifically, in the case of PSA displays, in the range of 300 to 380 nm and especially at longer UV wavelengths greater than 320 nm, even without the addition of photoinitiators, rapid and complete UV-photopolymerization reaction, rapid generation of large and stable pre-tilt angles, reduced image retention and ODF inhomogeneity of the display, high reliability and high VHR value after UV photopolymerization, especially in the case of LC body mixtures containing LC compounds with alkenyl groups, and general and fast response time, low threshold voltage and high birefringence, and high reliability when exposed to outdoor environments.

[0041] When used in VA displays, the LC medium according to the present invention exhibits the following advantageous properties: -Improved display transmittance, -High clarification temperature, -High voltage holding ratio - Quick switching, -Good tilt stability, - Specifically, it has sufficient stability against heat and / or UV when used outdoors.

[0042] When used in a PSA display, the LC medium according to the present invention exhibits the following advantageous properties: -Improved display transmittance, -High clarification temperature, - The appropriate tilt inside a certain process window is generated. - Rapid polymerization that results in minimal RM residue after the UV process. -High voltage retention ratio after UV process, -Good tilt stability, Specifically, when used outdoors, it should have sufficient stability against heat and / or UV rays. - Quick switch. Implementation

[0043] In Formula I, aryl represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 40 C atoms comprising one, two, three, or four aromatic rings that can be directly or via an alkyl linking group having 1 to 12 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are, as appropriate, substituted with an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, or substituted with CN, CF3, or a halogen, and wherein one or more CH2 groups may be substituted independently of each other in such a manner that the O or S atoms are not directly linked to each other by -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(C1-C4-alkyl)-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH=CH-, or -C≡C-.

[0044] Preferred aryl groups are benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, biphenyl, m-terphenyl, p-terphenyl, and (phenylalkyl)benzene, wherein the alkyl group is a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0045] Compounds of Formula I are described in EP3354710 A1 and EP3354709 A1.

[0046] Compounds of formula I are preferably selected from compounds of formulas I-1, I-2 and I-3: Where RH and Rs have the meanings given above and preferably represent H or O, and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, and ideally 7. Sp represents a spacer group, preferably an alkyl group with 1 to 12 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH 2- groups may be replaced by -O-.

[0047] The preferred compound I-1 is selected from the compound of formula I-1-1: Where RH has the meaning given above and preferably represents H or O, and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, and most preferably 7.

[0048] The preferred compound I-2 is selected from the compound of formula I-2-1: Wherein RH has the meaning given above and preferably represents H or O ●, and n2 is the same or different each time it appears, preferably the same integer from 1 to 12, preferably 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, most preferably 3, and RS is the same or different each time it appears, preferably the same alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably n-butyl.

[0049] The preferred compound I-3 is selected from the compound of formula I-3-1: Where RH has the meaning given above and preferably represents H or O, and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, and most preferably 7.

[0050] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas ST-1 to ST-18: in RST represents H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of these CH2 groups may be independently connected to each other via -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, or -CH=CH-, such that the O atoms are not directly connected to each other. The hydrogen atoms may be replaced by -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-, and furthermore, one or more of the hydrogen atoms may be replaced by halogens. The same or different meanings each time it appears or , Z and ST independently represent -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF 2O-, -OCF 2-, -CH 2O-, -OCH 2-, -CH 2-, -CH 2CH 2-, -(CH 2) 4-, -CH=CH-, -CH 2O-, -C 2F 4-, -CH 2CF 2-, -CF 2CH 2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, or single bonds. L1 and L2 each independently represent F, Cl, CH3, CF3, or CHF2. p represents 0, 1, or 2. q represents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

[0051] Among compounds of formula ST, compounds of formula ST-3 are particularly preferred, and specifically: Where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, preferably n = 3. Where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, preferably n = 3. Where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, preferably n = 1 or 7.

[0052] In compounds of formula ST-3a and ST-3b, n preferably represents 3. In compound of formula ST-2a, n preferably represents 7.

[0053] The most particularly preferred mixture according to the present invention comprises one or more stabilizers from the group consisting of compounds of formula ST-2a-1, ST-3a-1, ST-3b-1, ST-8-1, ST-9-1 and ST-12:

[0054] The compounds of formulas ST-1 to ST-18 are preferably present in the liquid crystal mixture according to the invention in an amount of 0.005 to 0.5% based on the mixture.

[0055] If the mixture according to the invention comprises two or more compounds from the group of compounds of formula ST-1 to ST-18, then in the case of two compounds, the concentration is increased accordingly to 0.01 to 1% based on the mixture.

[0056] However, the total proportion of compounds of formulas ST-1 to ST-18 based on the mixture according to the present invention should not exceed 2%.

[0057] The use of chiral dopants in nematic liquid crystals is known to those skilled in the art. For commentary, see, for example, A. Taugerbeck, Ch. Booth, 2013. Design and Synthesis of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals. Handbook of Liquid Crystals. 3:III:14:1-63.

[0058] The medium according to the invention comprises one or more opposing dopants. Preferably, these opposing dopants have an absolute value of helical torsional force (HTP) in the range of 1 μm⁻¹ to 150 μm⁻¹, more preferably in the range of 10 μm⁻¹ to 100 μm⁻¹. If the medium comprises two or more opposing dopants, they may have opposite signs of their HTP values. This is preferred for certain embodiments because it allows for some degree of compensation for the opposing nature of the respective compounds, and therefore can be used to compensate for various temperature dependencies of the resulting medium in the device. Generally, however, it is preferred that most, preferably all, opposing compounds present in the medium according to the invention have the same sign of their HTP values. Preferably, the opposing dopants present in the medium according to this application are liquid crystal primordium compounds and preferably exhibit an intermediate phase themselves.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the palmar component D) is composed of two or more palmar compounds, all of which have the same algebraic sign of HTP.

[0060] The temperature dependence of HTP in individual compounds can be high or low. The temperature dependence of the pitch of the medium can be compensated by mixing compounds with different HTP temperature dependencies in corresponding ratios.

[0061] For optically active components, the variety of palm-shaped dopants (some of which are commercially available) is available to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, cholesterol nonanoate, R- and S-811, R- and S-1011, R- and S-2011, R- and S-3011, R- and S-4011, B(OC)2C*HC-3, or CB15 (all from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt).

[0062] Particularly suitable dopants are compounds containing one or more palmate groups and one or more liquid crystal primitives, or compounds that form one or more aromatic or alicyclic groups in liquid crystal primitives having palmate groups.

[0063] Suitable anticoiled groups are, for example, anticoiled branched chain hydrocarbons, anticoiled ethylene glycols, binaphthols, or dioxolane, and are also selected from monovalent or polyvalent anticoiled groups consisting of sugar derivatives, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, lactic acids, anticoiled substituted glycols, steroid derivatives, terpene derivatives, amino acids, or groups of sequences of several (preferably 1 to 5) amino acids.

[0064] Preferred substituted groups are sugar derivatives, such as glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, arabinose, and dextrose; sugar alcohols, such as, for example, sorbitol, mannitol, idole, galactitol, or their dehydrated derivatives, specifically dipyrohexitols, such as dipyrohexitol anhydride (1,4:3,6-dide-D-sorbitol anhydride, isosorbitol anhydride), dipyrohexitol (isosorbitol), or dipyrohexitol (isoidole); sugar acids, such as, for example, gluconic acid, gulonic acid, and ketogulonic acid; and substituted glycol groups, such as, for example, monoethylene glycol or ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, wherein one or more CH groups are present. The two groups are substituted with alkyl or alkoxy groups; amino acids, such as, for example, alanine, valine, phenylglycine or phenylalanine, or a sequence of 1 to 5 of these amino acids; steroidal derivatives, such as, for example, cholesterol or cholic acid; terpene derivatives, such as, for example, menthyl, neomenthyl, camphoryl, pinulinyl, pineyl, isolongyl, frangyl, carreyl, myrtyl, nopyl, geraniolyl, linaloolyl, neroliyl, citronellol or dihydrocitronellol.

[0065] Optically active component D) is preferably composed of an antipodal dopant selected from the group of known antipodal dopants. Suitable antipodal groups and liquid crystal primitive antipodal compounds are described, for example, in DE 34 25 503, DE 35 34 777, DE 35 34 778, DE 35 34 779 and DE 35 34 780, DE 43 42 280, EP 01 038 941 and DE 195 41 820. Examples are also compounds listed in Table B below.

[0066] The preferred antagonistic compounds according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of the following formulas.

[0067] Particularly preferred are palmar dopants selected from the group consisting of compounds of the following formulas: Al to A-III and A-Ch. in Ra11, Ra12, and Rb12 independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 15 carbon atoms. Furthermore, one or more of these non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently substituted with -C(Rz)=C(Rz)-, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- in such a manner that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other. Additionally, one or more of these H atoms may be substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, preferably with an alkyl group, more preferably with a n-alkyl group, provided that Ra12 and Rb12 are different. Ra21 and Ra22 independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 15 carbon atoms. Furthermore, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently substituted with -C(Rz)=C(Rz)-, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- in such a manner that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other. Additionally, one or more H atoms may be substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, preferably all of which are alkyl groups, more preferably n-alkyl groups. Ra31, Ra32, and Rb32 independently represent straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 15 C atoms. Furthermore, one or more of these non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently substituted with -C(Rz)=C(Rz)-, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- such that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other. Additionally, one or more H atoms may be substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, preferably with an alkyl group, more preferably with a n-alkyl group, provided that Ra32 and Rb32 are different. Rz represents H, CH3, F, Cl, or CN, preferably H or F. R8 has one of the meanings of Ra11 given above, preferably an alkyl group, more preferably a n-alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms. Z 8 represents -C(O)O-, CH 2O, CF 2O, or a single bond, preferably -C(O)O-. It is defined as follows, A 12, or represents , , express , better Each occurrence of L12 independently represents a halogen, CN, or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, or alkenyloxy group having up to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are substituted with a halogen, preferably methyl, ethyl, Cl, or F, and particularly preferably F. express With targeting The given meaning, With targeting The given meaning, or representation With targeting The given meaning, n2 is either 0, 1, or 2 each time it appears. n3 is 1, 2, or 3, and r can be 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0068] Dopants are particularly preferred to be those composed of compounds from the following groups: in m is an integer from 1 to 9 each time it appears, either the same or different. n is an integer from 2 to 9 each time it appears.

[0069] The particularly preferred compound A is compound A-III. Other preferred dopants are isosorbide anhydride, isomannitol, or derivatives of iso-idole of formulas A-IV. Among them, groups for (desaturated sorbitol), (disohydrated mannitol), or (Disacidified Idole), Better dehydrosorbitol, And ethylene glycol, such as, for example, diphenylethylene glycol (hydrogenated benzoin), specifically, liquid crystal atom-hydrogenated benzoin derivatives of the following formula: Includes (S,S) enantiomers, which are not shown. in and Each of these compounds is independently 1,4-epenylphenyl, and can also be mono-, di-, or tri-substituted, or be 1,4-epenylcyclohexyl. L is H, F, Cl, CN, or, depending on the case, a halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. c is 0 or 1. X is CH2 or -C(O)-, Z 0 is -COO-, -OCO-, -CH 2CH 2- or a single bond, and R0 is an alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, or alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0070] Examples of compounds of formula IV are:

[0071] Compounds of formula A-IV are described in WO 98 / 00428. Compounds of formula AV are described in GB-A-2,328,207.

[0072] Most particularly preferred dopants are palmate naphthalene derivatives as described in WO 02 / 94805, palmate naphthalene acetal derivatives as described in WO 02 / 34739, palmate TADDOL derivatives as described in WO 02 / 06265, and palmate dopants having at least one fluorinated bridging group and terminal or central palmate groups as described in WO 02 / 06196 and WO 02 / 06195.

[0073] Especially preferred are palmar compounds of formula A-VI in X1, X2, Y1, and Y2 are each independently F, Cl, Br, I, CN, SCN, SF5, a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms (which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, and furthermore, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently substituted with -O-, -S-, -NH-, NRx-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCOO-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -CH=CH-, or -C≡C- in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other), a polymerizable group, or a cycloalkyl or aryl group having up to 20 carbon atoms, which may be halogenated, preferably F, or monosubstituted or polysubstituted with a polymerizable group, as appropriate. x1 and x2 are each independently 0, 1, or 2. y1 and y2 are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. B1 and B2 are each independently an aromatic or partially or fully saturated aliphatic six-membered ring, wherein one or more CH groups may be substituted with N and one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be substituted with O or S. W1 and W2 are each independently -Z1-A1-(Z2-A2)mR, and one of them is either R1 or A3, but they are not both H at the same time. for or U1 and U2 are each independently CH2, O, S, CO or CS. V1 and V2 are each independently (CH2)n, and one to four non-adjacent CH2 groups can be substituted with O or S, and one of V1 and V2 is incorporated therein. for In all cases, they are single keys. n is 1, 2 or 3 Z1 and Z2 are each independently -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR x-, -NR x-CO-, -O-CH 2-, -CH 2-O-, -S-CH 2-, -CH 2-S-, -CF 2-O-, -O-CF 2-, -CF 2-S-, -S-CF 2-, -CH 2-CH 2-, -CF 2-CH 2-, -CH 2-CF 2-, -CF 2CF 2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CF- or -C≡C- or a combination of two of these groups, wherein the two O and / or S and / or N atoms are not directly bonded to each other, preferably -CH=CH-COO- or -COO-CH=CH- or a single bond. Rx represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. A1, A2, and A3 are each independently 1,4-epoxyphenyl (one or both non-adjacent CH groups may be substituted with N, 1,4-epoxycyclohexyl, and one or both non-adjacent CH2 groups may be substituted with O or S), 1,3-dioxolane-4,5-diyl, 1,4-epoxycyclohexenyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]epoxyoctyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, naphthyl-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthyl-2,6-diyl, or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl-2,6-diyl, wherein each of these groups may be mono- or poly-substituted with L, and A1 may be a single bond. L is a halogen atom (preferably F), CN, NO2, or an alkyl, alkoxy, alkane carbonyl, alkoxy carbonyl, or alkoxy carbonyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted with F or Cl. m is independently 0, 1, 2, or 3 in each case, and R and R1 are each independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, SCN, SF5, each having a straight-chain or branched alkyl group with 1 or 3 to 25 carbon atoms (which may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN as appropriate, and one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be substituted by -O-, -S-, -NH-, -NRx-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C-, wherein the two O and / or S atoms are not directly bonded to each other), or polymerizable groups.

[0074] Especially preferred are palmar binaphthalene derivatives of formula A-VI-1 Where ring B and Z0 have meanings corresponding to the definitions of formulas A-IV and AV, R0 indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms and b is 0, 1 or 2. Specifically, those selected from the following formulas A-VI-1a to A-VI-1c: Wherein R0 and Z0 have the meanings defined for formula A-VI-1, and preferably R0 represents H or an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and Z 0 specifically refers to -OC(O)- or a single bond.

[0075] The concentration of one or more of the palm-shaped dopants in the LC medium is preferably from 0.001% to 20%, more preferably from 0.05% to 5%, more preferably from 0.1% to 2%, and most preferably from 0.5% to 1.5%. These preferred concentration ranges specifically apply to the palm-shaped dopants S-4011 or R-4011 (both from Merck KGaA) and palm-shaped dopants having the same or similar HTP. For palm-shaped dopants having a higher or lower absolute value of HTP compared to S-4011, these preferred concentrations must be reduced or increased proportionally according to the ratio of their HTP value to the HTP value of S-4011.

[0076] The pitch p of the LC medium or bulk mixture according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 5 to 50 μm, more preferably 8 to 30 μm and particularly preferably 10 to 20 μm.

[0077] The cell gap d or the thickness of the LC layer in the display according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 2 µm to 10 µm, more preferably 3 µm to 5 µm. Based on this, according to the present invention, the ratio d / p between the cell gap d and the palmar pitch p is preferably set to 0.04 to 2, more preferably 0.1 to 1, and most preferably 0.2 to 0.3.

[0078] The following indicate preferred formulations IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID compounds: In this context, parameter a represents 1 or 2, alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkenyl represents a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. Alkenyl preferably represents CH 2=CH-, CH 2=CHCH 2CH 2-, CH 3-CH=CH-, CH 3-CH 2-CH=CH-, CH 3-(CH 2) 2-CH=CH-, CH 3-(CH 2) 3-CH=CH-, or CH 3-CH=CH-(CH 2) 2-.

[0079] The best-quality IID compounds are selected from the following formulas:

[0080] The preferred I compounds are compounds I-1 to I-14.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IID-10a. The groups and parameters that appear here have the meanings given in Equation IID above, and R 2 indicates , where r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and s is 1, 2 or 3.

[0082] The preferred IID-10a compounds are compounds IID-10a-1 to IID-10a-14.

[0083] The particularly preferred mixtures according to the present invention comprise one or more compounds of the formulas IIA-2, IIA-8, IIA-10, IIA-16, IIA-18, IIA-40, IIA-41, IIA-42, IIA-43, IIB-2, IIB-10, IIB-16, IIC-1, IID-4 and IID-10.

[0084] The preferred medium according to the present invention comprises at least one compound of formula IIC-1. Wherein alkyl and alkyl* have the meaning specified above, preferably in amounts of 0.5% to 5% by weight, specifically 1% to 3% by weight.

[0085] Specifically, the medium contains one or more compounds selected from the following formulas: IIA-2

[0086] Alternatively, preferably, in addition to compounds of formulas IIA-2-1 to IIA-2-5, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formulas IIA-2a-1 to IIA-2a-5:

[0087] Specifically, the medium contains one or more compounds selected from the following formulas: IIA-10

[0088] Alternatively, preferably, in addition to compounds of formulas IIA-10-1 to IIA-10-5, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formulas IIA-10a-1 to IIA-10a-5:

[0089] Specifically, the medium contains one or more compounds selected from the following formula IIB-10:

[0090] Alternatively, preferably, in addition to compounds of formulas IIB-10-1 to IIB-10-5, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formulas IIB-10a-1 to IIB-10a-5:

[0091] The medium according to the invention may, as appropriate, contain one or more compounds of formula III. in R11 and R12 each independently represent H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms, wherein one or more of these CH2 groups can be independently coupled in such a manner that the O atoms are not directly connected to each other. The following substitutions exist: -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-, where one or more H atoms may be halogenated. A 1 represents each occurrence independently. a) 1,4-Ph-cyclohexenyl or 1,4-Ph-cyclohexyl, wherein one or both non-adjacent CH2 groups may be substituted with -O- or -S-. b) 1,4-Phenylene, wherein one or both CH groups may be replaced by N, or c) Groups derived from the groups spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]epoxyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, and fenestration-2,7-diyl. Groups a), b), and c) can be mono- or poly-substituted with halogen atoms. n represents 0, 1, or 2, preferably 0 or 1. Each occurrence of Z1 independently represents -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF 2O-, -OCF 2-, -CH 2O-, -OCH 2-, -CH 2-, -CH 2CH 2-, -(CH 2) 4-, -CH=CH-CH 2O-, -C 2F 4-, -CH 2CF 2-, -CF 2CH 2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, or a single bond. L11 and L12 each independently represent F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2, preferably H or F, and most preferably F, and W represents O or S.

[0092] Compounds of formula III are preferably selected from compounds of formula III-1 and / or III-2. The groups appearing therein have the same meaning as given in Formula III above, and preferably... R11 and R12 are each independently an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkoxy group having up to 15 carbon atoms, preferably one or both of which represent an alkoxy group. L11 and L12 each better represent F.

[0093] Preferably, the compound of formula III-1 is selected from the group of compounds of formula III-1-1 to III-1-11, and more preferably, the compound of formula III-1-6. , in alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl and alkenyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy and alkoxy* each independently represent a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and L 11 and L 12 each independently represent F or Cl, preferably both being F.

[0094] Preferably, the compound of formula III-2 is selected from the group of compounds of formula III-2-1 to III-2-10, and more preferably, the compound of formula III-2-6. , in alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl and alkenyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy and alkoxy* each independently represent a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and L 11 and L 12 each independently represent F or Cl, preferably both being F.

[0095] Depending on the circumstances, the medium may contain one or more compounds of formula IIIA-1 and / or IIIA-2. Where L11 and L12 have the same meaning as given in Equation III, and (O) represents O or a single bond. R IIIA indicates an alkyl or alkenyl group or group having up to 7 carbon atoms (Cy-C mH 2m+1-). m and n are the same or different, being 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; preferably 1, 2, or 3; ideally 1. Cy represents a cyclic aliphatic group having 3, 4 or 5 ring atoms, which may be substituted with an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 3 C atoms, or with a halogen or CN, and preferably cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopentyl.

[0096] Alternatively, in addition to the compound of formula III, preferably, compounds of formula IIIA-1 and / or IIIA-2 are contained in the medium.

[0097] The following are the best-preferred compounds IIIA-1 and IIIA-2: Wherein alkoxy represents a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms or -(CH 2) nF, where n is 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably C 2H 4F.

[0098] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-3. in R11 and R12, whether identical or different, represent H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein one or more of these groups are independently connected to each other via -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, or -CH=CH-, such that the O atoms are not directly connected to each other. The H atoms may be replaced by -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-, and in addition, one or more of the H atoms may be replaced by halogens.

[0099] Compounds of formula III-3 are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulas III-3-1 to III-3-10: R 12 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, or cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl or -(CH 2) nF, where n is 2, 3, 4 or 5, preferably C 2H 4F.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-4 to III-6, preferably compound III-5. These parameters have the meanings given above, with R 11 preferably representing a straight-chain alkyl group and R 12 preferably representing an alkoxy group, each having 1 to 7 C atoms.

[0101] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III selected from the group of formulas III-7 to III-9, preferably compounds of formula III-8. These parameters have the meanings given above, with R 11 preferably representing a straight-chain alkyl group and R 12 preferably representing an alkoxy group, each having 1 to 7 C atoms.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more formula IV compounds. in R 41 represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably an n-alkyl group, and particularly preferably having 2, 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms. R 42 represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, more preferably vinyl or 1-propenyl and, specifically, vinyl.

[0103] Compounds of formula IV are preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulas IV-1 to IV-4. in alkyl and alkyl' independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms. alkenyl indicates an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 carbon atoms. 'alkenyl' indicates an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 3 carbon atoms. alkoxy refers to an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0104] Preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from formulas IV-1-1 to IV-1-5.

[0105] Preferably, the medium according to the present invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-2-1 and / or IV-2-2.

[0106] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound of formula IV-3, specifically selected from compounds of formulas IV-3-1 to IV-3-5.

[0107] Preferably, the medium according to the present invention comprises a compound of formula IV-4, specifically selected from compounds of formula IV-4-1 and IV-4-2.

[0108] In one embodiment, the medium according to the present invention comprises one or more compounds of formula I selected from compounds of formulas I-1 to I-4 and one or more compounds of the group selected from compounds of formulas IA-1 to IA-18: Where alkyl represents methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or n-pentyl.

[0109] The liquid crystal medium preferably further comprises one or more IVa compounds. in R 41 and R 42 each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxy group having up to 12 carbon atoms, and express Z 4 represents a single bond, -CH 2CH 2-, -CH=CH-, -CF 2O-, -OCF 2-, -CH 2O-, -OCH 2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C 2F 4-, -C 4H 8-, -CF=CF-.

[0110] The following indicate preferred IVa compounds: in alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent straight-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0111] The medium according to the present invention preferably comprises at least one compound of formula IVa-1 and / or formula IVa-2.

[0112] The proportion of the IVa compound in the mixture as a whole is preferably less than 5% by weight, and most preferably less than 2% by weight.

[0113] Preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IVb-1 to IVb-3. in alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent straight-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0114] The proportion of biphenyls of formulas IV-1 to IV-3 in the mixture as a whole is preferably less than 3% by weight, specifically less than 2% by weight.

[0115] Among the compounds of formulas IVb-1 to IVb-3, the compound of formula IVb-2 is particularly preferred.

[0116] Special biphenyl is Wherein alkyl* represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably represents n-propyl. The medium according to the invention particularly preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula IVb-1-1 and / or IVb-2-3.

[0117] In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the present invention comprises one or more V compounds. in R 51 and R 52 represent alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, or alkenoxy groups having 2 to 7 carbon atoms. and Same or different Z 51 and Z 52 each independently represent -CH 2-CH 2-, -CH 2-O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -COO-, or a single bond, and n is 1 or 2.

[0118] Compounds of formula V are preferably selected from compounds of formulas V-1 to V-16: R 51 and R 52 are specified for V in the above formula.

[0119] R 51 and R 52 preferably each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms.

[0120] The preferred medium comprises one or more compounds of the forms V-1, V-3, V-4, V-6, V-7, V-10, V-11, V-12, V-14, V-15 and / or V-16, with V-3 being the most preferred.

[0121] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium further comprises one or more compounds of formula VI-1 to VI-21. Where R represents a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, (O) represents -O- or a single bond, and m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0122] R preferably represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, or pentoxy.

[0123] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium further comprises one or more compounds of formulas VII-1 to VII-9. in R 7 represents a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and w is an integer from 1 to 6.

[0124] A mixture comprising at least one compound of formula V-9 is particularly preferred.

[0125] Particularly preferred are compounds of formulas VI-1, VI-2, VI-4, VI-20, and VI-21. In these compounds, R preferably represents an alkyl group, and furthermore, an alkoxy group, each having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. In compound VI-20, R preferably represents an alkyl or alkenyl group, specifically an alkyl group. In compound VI-21, R preferably represents an alkyl group.

[0126] The following are other preferred embodiments: a) A liquid crystal medium comprising at least one compound of formula Z-1 to Z-7, R and alkyl have the meanings specified above for Formula III.

[0127] b) A preferred liquid crystal medium according to the present invention comprises one or more substances containing tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl units, such as, for example, compounds of formula N-1 to N-5. R1N and R2N each independently have a meaning specified for R2A, preferably representing a straight-chain alkyl, straight-chain alkoxy, or straight-chain alkenyl group, and Z1 and Z2 each independently represent -C2H4-, -CH=CH-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)3O-, -O(CH2)3-, -CH=CHCH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH=CH-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2- or a single bond.

[0128] c) The preferred mixture comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of difluorodibenzo[a]oxane compounds of formula BC, oxane compounds of formula CR, and fluorinated phenanthrene compounds of formulas PH-1 and PH-2. RB1, RB2, CR1, CR2, R1, and R2 each independently have the meaning of R2A. c is 0, 1, or 2. R1 and R2 preferably independently represent alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0129] The particularly preferred BC and CR compounds are compounds BC-1 to BC-7 and CR-1 to CR-5. in alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0130] Most preferably, it is a mixture containing one, two, or three compounds of the formula BC-2, BF-1, and / or BF-2.

[0131] d) The preferred mixture contains one or more dihydroindene compounds of the formula In. in R11, R12, and R13 each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, or alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R12 and R13 may indicate halogen, preferably F. express i represents 0, 1, or 2.

[0132] The preferred In compounds are those specified below as In-1 to In-16 compounds: .

[0133] Especially preferred are compounds of the formulas In-1, In-2, In-3 and In-4.

[0134] e) The preferred mixture further comprises one or more compounds of formula L-1 to L-11. , in R, R1, and R2 each independently have the meaning specified for R2A in Formula IIA above, and alkyl means an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The parameter s means 1 or 2.

[0135] The compounds of formulas L-1 to L-9 are preferably used at concentrations of 5 to 15% by weight, specifically 5 to 12% by weight and very particularly preferably 8 to 10% by weight.

[0136] f) The preferred mixture further comprises one or more compounds of formula IIA-Y. R11 and R12 have one of the meanings given for R2A in Equation IIA above, and L1 and L2 represent F or Cl in the same or different ways.

[0137] The preferred IIA-Y compound is selected from the group of the following formulas. Wherein, Alkyl and Alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Alkoxy represents a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Alkenyl and Alkenyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and O represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. Alkenyl and Alkenyl* preferably represent CH 2=CH-, CH 2=CHCH 2CH 2-, CH 3-CH=CH-, CH 3-CH 2-CH=CH-, CH 3-(CH 2) 2-CH=CH-, CH 3-(CH 2) 3-CH=CH-, or CH 3-CH=CH-(CH 2) 2-.

[0138] The particularly desirable IIA-Y compounds are selected from the group consisting of the following formulas: Alkoxy and Alkoxy* have the meanings defined above and preferably represent methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, or pentoxy.

[0139] As used herein, the term "reliability" refers to the performance quality of a display over time and under varying stress loads (such as light loads, temperature, humidity, and voltage), and includes display effects such as image retention (area and line retention), non-uniformity, and yogore, which are known to those familiar with the field of LC displays. The voltage hold-up ratio (VHR) is commonly used as a standard parameter for classifying reliability; it is a measure of maintaining a constant voltage for the tested display. Among other factors, a high VHR is a prerequisite for high reliability in LC media.

[0140] Unless otherwise specified, the term "PSA" will generally be used when referring to polymer continuously aligned type displays, and the term "PS" will be used when referring to specific display modes such as PS-VA, PS-TN and the like.

[0141] Similarly, unless otherwise specified, the term "RM" will be used below when referring to polymerizable liquid crystal primordia or liquid crystal compounds.

[0142] As used herein, the terms "active layer" and "switchable layer" refer to a layer containing one or more molecules with structural and optical anisotropy, such as LC molecules in an electro-optic display (e.g., an LC display), which change their orientation upon external stimulation such as an electric or magnetic field, resulting in a change in the transmission of polarized or unpolarized light through the layer.

[0143] As used herein, the terms "tilt" and "tilt angle" should be understood to refer to the tilted orientation of LC molecules of an LC medium relative to the cell surface in an LC display (preferably a PSA display in this document). The tilt angle in this document represents the average angle (< 90°) between the longitudinal molecular axis (LC director) of the LC molecules and the planar parallel outer plate surface forming the LC cell. Lower tilt angle values ​​(i.e., large deviations from 90°) correspond to larger tilts. Suitable methods for measuring the tilt angle are provided in the examples. Unless otherwise specified, the tilt angle values ​​disclosed above and below refer to this measurement method.

[0144] As used herein, the terms "reactive liquid crystal precursor" and "RM" should be understood to mean a compound containing a liquid crystal precursor or liquid crystal framework and one or more functional groups attached thereto suitable for polymerization, also referred to as "polymerizable group" or "P".

[0145] Unless otherwise specified, as used herein, the term "polymerizable compound" should be understood to mean a polymerizable monomeric compound.

[0146] As used herein, the term "low molecular weight compound" should be understood to mean a monomer and / or a compound not prepared by polymerization, as opposed to "polymer compound" or "polymer".

[0147] As used herein, the term "non-polymerizable compound" should be understood to mean a compound that does not contain functional groups suitable for polymerization under conditions generally applicable to RM polymerization.

[0148] As used herein, the term "liquid crystal precursor" is known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, and refers to a group that, due to the anisotropy of its attractive and repulsive interactions, substantially contributes to the induction of a low molecular weight or polymeric liquid crystal (LC) phase. A compound containing a liquid crystal precursor (liquid crystal precursor compound) does not necessarily possess an LC phase itself. A liquid crystal precursor compound may also exhibit LC phase behavior only when mixed with other compounds and / or after polymerization. Typical liquid crystal precursors are, for example, rigid rod-shaped or disk-shaped units. An overview of the terminology and definitions used in conjunction with liquid crystal precursors or LC compounds is found in Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, 73(5), 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem.

[2004] Provided in , 116, 6340-6368.

[0149] As used in this article, the terms "optically active" and "opposite" are synonymous for materials that can induce the pitch of the nematic host material, also known as "opposite dopants".

[0150] As used herein, the term "spacer group," also referred to below as "Sp," is known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, see, for example, Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, 73(5), 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem.

[2004] , 116, 6340-6368. As used herein, the term "spacer group" or "spacer" means a flexible group, such as an alkyl group, that connects the liquid crystal atom and the polymerizable liquid crystal atom compound to the polymerizable group(s).

[0151] In the preceding and following text, It represents the trans-1,4-extrinsic hexyl ring.

[0152] At group In this case, the single bond shown between the two ring atoms can be attached to any free position on the benzene ring.

[0153] In the preceding and following text, "organic group" refers to a carbon-based or hydrocarbon-based group.

[0154] "Carbon-based" refers to a monovalent or polyvalent organic group containing at least one carbon atom, wherein it does not contain any other atoms (such as, for example, -C≡C-) or, depending on the case, contains one or more other atoms, such as, for example, N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te, or Ge (e.g., carbonyl). The term "hydrocarbon-based" refers to a carbon-based group that additionally contains one or more H atoms and, depending on the case, one or more heteroatoms (such as, for example, N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te, or Ge).

[0155] "Halogen" refers to F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F or Cl.

[0156] -CO-, -C(=O)-, and -C(O)- represent carbonyl groups, that is, .

[0157] The carbonyl or hydrocarbon group can be saturated or unsaturated. Unsaturated groups are, for example, aryl, alkenyl, or alkynyl. Carbonyl or hydrocarbon groups having more than 3 carbon atoms can be straight-chain, branched-chain, and / or cyclic, and may also contain helical or condensed rings.

[0158] The terms "alkyl", "aryl", and "heteroaryl" also include polyvalent groups, such as alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl.

[0159] The term "aryl" refers to an aromatic carbonyl group or a group derived therefrom. The term "heteroaryl" refers to an "aryl" group as defined above containing one or more heteroatoms preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si, and Ge.

[0160] The preferred carbonyl and hydrocarbon groups are straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkane, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, and alkoxycarbonyloxy groups having 1 to 40, more preferably 1 to 20, and most preferably 1 to 12 C atoms, which are optionally substituted; aryl or aryloxy groups having 5 to 30, more preferably 6 to 25 C atoms, which are optionally substituted; or alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryloxy, arylalkoxy, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy, and aryloxycarbonyloxy groups having 5 to 30, more preferably 6 to 25 C atoms, which are optionally substituted. One or more of the C atoms may also be replaced by heteroatoms preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si, and Ge.

[0161] Other preferred carbonyl and hydrocarbon groups are C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkynyl, C3-C20 allyl, C4-C20 alkyldienyl, C4-C20 polyalkenyl, C6-C20 cycloalkyl, C4-C15 cycloalkenyl, C6-C30 aryl, C6-C30 alkylaryl, C6-C30 arylalkyl, C6-C30 alkylaryloxy, C6-C30 arylalkoxy, C2-C30 heteroaryl, and C2-C30 heteroaryloxy.

[0162] Particularly preferred are C1-C12 alkyl, C2-C12 alkenyl, C2-C12 alkynyl, C6-C25 aryl and C2-C25 heteroaryl.

[0163] Another preferred carbonyl and hydrocarbon group is a straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, and one or more of the non-adjacent CH2 groups can be independently substituted with -C(Rx)=C(Rx)-, -C≡-, -N(Rx)-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other.

[0164] R x preferably represents H, F, Cl, CN, a straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent C atoms may be substituted with -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- and one or more H atoms may be substituted with fluorine or chlorine, or represents an aryl or aryloxy group having 6 to 30 C atoms, or a heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 30 C atoms, substituted as appropriate.

[0165] Preferred alkyl groups are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, dibutyl, tributyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, dipentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, dodecyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoron-butyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorohexyl, etc.

[0166] Preferred alkenyl groups are, for example, vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl, etc.

[0167] Preferred alkynyl groups include, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, octyynyl, etc.

[0168] Preferred alkoxy groups include, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, dibutoxy, tributoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, n-heptoxy, n-octoxy, n-nonoxy, n-decoxy, n-undecoxy, n-dodecoxy, etc.

[0169] Preferred amino groups are, for example, dimethylamino, methylamino, methylaniline, aniline, etc.

[0170] Aryl and heteroaryl groups can be monocyclic or polycyclic, meaning they can contain one ring (such as, for example, phenyl) or two or more rings, and can be fused (such as, for example, naphthyl) or covalently bonded (such as, for example, biphenyl), or contain a combination of fused and linked rings. Heteroaryl groups contain one or more heteroatoms preferably selected from O, N, S and Se.

[0171] Particularly preferred are monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic aryl groups having 6 to 25 carbon atoms and monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic heteroaryl groups having 5 to 25 ring atoms, which may contain fused rings and may be substituted. Furthermore, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered aryl and heteroaryl groups are preferred, and one or more of the CH groups may be substituted with N, S, or O in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other.

[0172] Preferred aryl groups are, for example, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, [1,1':3',1'']terphenyl-2'-yl, naphthyl, anthracene, binatyl, phenanthrene, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, pyrene, dihydropyrene, β, perylene, tetraphenyl, pentaphenyl, benzo[a]pyrene, indene, indo[a] ...

[0173] Preferred heteroaryl groups are (for example) 5-Membered rings, such as pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazolium, furan, thiophene, selenophene, oxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole; 6-Membered rings, such as pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4,5-tetraazine, 1,2,3,4-tetraazine, 1,2,3,5-tetraazine; or condensation groups, such as indole, isoyindole, indoleazine, indazole. Benzimidazole, benzotriazole, purine, naphthiamidazole, phenanthrenemidazole, pyridinium imidazole, dazometazinium imidazole, quinoxaline imidazole, benzoxazole, naphthiamidazole, anthraquinoxazole, phenanthrenemidazole, isoxazole, benzothiazolazole, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, quinoline, isoquinoline, pteridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7 ,8-quinoline, benzoisoquinoline, acridine, phenothiazine, phenothiazine, benzodarazine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, phenothiazine, naphthidine, azacarbazole, benzocarbine, phenanthridine, phenanthroxaline, thieno[2,3b]thiophene, thieno[3,2b]thiophene, dithieno[2,3b]thiophene, isobenzo[2,3b]thiophene, dibenzo[2,3b]thiophene, benzo[2,3b]thiophene, benzo[2,3b]thiophene, di[2,3b]thiophene, isobenzo[2,3b]thiophene, dibenzo[2,3b]thiophene, ...

[0174] The aryl and heteroaryl groups mentioned above and below may also be substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, fluorine, fluoroalkyl or other aryl or heteroaryl groups.

[0175] (Non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups include saturated rings, i.e., those containing only single bonds, and also partially unsaturated rings, i.e., those containing multiple bonds. Heterocyclic rings contain one or more heteroatoms preferably selected from Si, O, N, S, and Se.

[0176] (Non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups can be monocyclic, i.e., containing only one ring (such as, for example, cyclohexane) or polycyclic, i.e., containing multiple rings (such as, for example, decahydronaphthalene or bicyclooctane). Saturated groups are particularly preferred. Furthermore, monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic groups having 5 to 25 ring atoms are preferred, which may contain fused rings and, where appropriate, be substituted. Furthermore, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered carbocyclic groups are preferred, and one or more C atoms may be substituted with Si and / or one or more CH groups may be substituted with N and / or one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be substituted with -O- and / or -S-.

[0177] Preferred alicyclic and heterocyclic groups are, for example, 5-membered groups (such as cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, pyrrolidine), 6-membered groups (such as cyclohexane, silazacyclohexane, cyclohexene, tetrahydropiperan, tetrahydrothiophene, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dithiane, piperidine), 7-membered groups (such as cycloheptane), and fused groups (such as tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, dihydroindene, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, octahydro-4,7-methyldihydroindene-2,5-diyl).

[0178] Preferred substituents are, for example, solubility-enhancing groups (such as alkyl or alkoxy), electron-withdrawing groups (such as fluorine, nitro, or nitrile), or substituents that increase the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, specifically bulky groups such as, for example, tert-butyl, and, where appropriate, substituted aryl groups.

[0179] Preferred substituents, also referred to as "LS" below, include (for example) F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO₂, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(Rx)₂, -C(=O)Y₁, -C(=O)Rx, -N(Rx)₂, straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyloxy groups having 1 to 25 C atoms (where one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl as appropriate), silyl groups having 1 to 20 Si atoms as appropriate, or aryl groups having 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 15 C atoms as appropriate. Wherein Rx represents H, F, Cl, CN, or a straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2- groups are substituted with -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- as appropriate, such that the O- and / or S- atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are substituted with F, Cl, P-, or P-Sp- as appropriate, and Y1 represents halogen.

[0180] "Substituted silyl or aryl" preferably means substituted with halogen, -CN, R0, -OR0, -CO-R0, -CO-OR0, -O-CO-R0 or -O-CO-OR0, where R0 represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms.

[0181] Particularly preferred substituents L are (for example) F, Cl, CN, NO 2, CH 3, C 2H 5, OCH 3, OC 2H 5, COCH 3, COC 2H 5, COOCH 3, COOC 2H 5, CF 3, OCF 3, OCHF 2, OC 2F 5, and phenyl.

[0182] A1 and A2 are excellent representations Where L has one of the meanings specified above and r represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, specifically express .

[0183] The polymerizable group (P) is a group suitable for polymerization reactions, such as, for example, free radical or ionic chain polymerization, addition or condensation polymerization, or polymer-like reactions (e.g., addition or condensation to the main polymer chain). Particularly preferred are groups suitable for chain polymerization, specifically those containing C=C double bonds or -C≡C- triple bonds, and groups suitable for ring-opening polymerization, such as, for example, oxobutane or epoxy groups.

[0184] The preferred group P is selected from the following group: CH2=CW1-CO-O-, CH2=CW1-CO-, , , , , CH 2=CW 2-(O) k3-, CW 1=CH-CO-(O) k3-, CW 1=CH-CO-NH-, CH 2=CW 1-CO-NH-, CH 3-CH=CH-O-, (CH 2=CH) 2CH-OCO-, (CH 2=CH-CH 2) 2CH-OCO-, (CH 2=CH) 2CH-O-, (CH 2=CH-CH 2) 2N-, (CH 2=CH-CH 2) 2N-CO-, HO-CW 2W 3-, HS-CW 2W 3-, HW 2N-, HO-CW 2W 3-NH-, CH 2=CW 1-CO-NH-, CH 2=CH-(COO) k1-Phe-(O) k2-, CH 2=CH-(CO) k1-Phe-(O)k2-, Phe-CH=CH-, HOOC-, OCN- and W4W5W6Si-, wherein W1 represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, specifically H, F, Cl or CH3; W2 and W3 each independently represent H or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, specifically H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl; W4, W5 and W6 each independently represent Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; W7 and W8 each independently represent H, Cl or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; Phe represents 1,4-epylphenyl, which is substituted with one or more groups L as defined above, said groups not being P-Sp-; k1, k2 and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k 3 is better represented as 1, and k 4 represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0185] The preferred group P is selected from the following groups: CH2=CW1-CO-O-, CH2=CW1-CO-, , , , , CH 2=CW 2-O-, CH 2=CW 2-, CW 1=CH-CO-(O) k3-, CW 1=CH-CO-NH-, CH 2=CW 1-CO-NH-, (CH 2=CH) 2CH-OCO-, (CH 2=CH-CH 2) 2CH-OCO-, (CH 2=CH) 2CH-O-, (CH 2=CH-CH 2) 2N-, (CH 2=CH-CH 2) 2N-CO-, CH 2=CW 1-CO-NH-, CH 2=CH-(COO) k1-Phe-(O) k2-, CH 2=CH-(CO) k1-Phe-(O) k2-, Phe-CH=CH- and W 4W 5W 6Si-, where W 1 represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF 3. Phenyl or alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, specifically H, F, Cl or CH 3, W 2 and W 3 each independently represent H or alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, specifically H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W 4, W 5 and W 6 each independently represent Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, W 7 and W 8 each independently represent H, Cl or alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, Phe represents 1,4-epenylphenyl, k 1, k 2 and k 3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k 3 preferably represents 1, and k 4 represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0186] The preferred group P is selected from CH2=CW1-CO-O-, specifically CH2=CH-CO-O-, CH2=C(CH3)-CO-O-, and CH2=CF-CO-O-, as well as CH2=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-CO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, and... and A group that makes up the group.

[0187] Furthermore, the preferred polymerizable group P is selected from vinyloxy groups, acrylates, methacrylates, fluoroacrylates, chloroacrylates, oxobutanes, and ethylene oxides, preferably from the group consisting of acrylates and methacrylates.

[0188] If the spacer group Sp is different from a single bond, it is preferably of the formula Sp"-X, such that each of the groups P-Sp- conforms to the formula P-Sp"-X"-, where "Sp" indicates a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, which may be mono- or poly-substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, and furthermore, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently substituted with -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(R0)-, -Si(R0R00)-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -N(R00)-CO-O-, -O-CO-N(R0)-, -N(R0)-CO-N(R00)-, -CH=CH-, or -C≡C-. " 2-, -CF 2S-, -SCF 2-, -CF 2CH 2-, -CH 2CF 2-, -CF 2CF 2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CR 0-, -CY 2=CY 3-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH- or single bond, R0 and R00 each independently represent H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms, and Y2 and Y3 each independently represent H, F, Cl or CN.

[0189] X" is preferably -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR 0-, -NR 0-CO-, -NR 0-CO-NR 00- or a single bond.

[0190] Typical spacer groups Sp and -Sp"-X"- are (for example) -(CH 2) p1-, -(CH 2) p1-O-, -(CH 2) p1-O-CO-, -(CH 2) p1-CO-O-, -(CH 2) p1-O-CO-O-, -(CH 2CH 2O) q1-CH 2CH 2-, -CH 2CH 2-S-CH 2CH 2-, -CH 2CH 2-NH-CH 2CH 2- or -(SiR 0R 00-O) p1-, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, and R 0 and R 00 have the meanings specified above.

[0191] The particularly preferred groups Sp and -Sp"-X"- are -(CH 2) p1-, -(CH 2) p1-O-, -(CH 2) p1-O-CO-, -(CH 2) p1-CO-O-, (CH 2) p1-O-CO-O-, where p1 has the meaning specified above.

[0192] The particularly preferred group Sp" is, in various cases, a straight-chain ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, ethyloxyethyl, methyleneoxybutyl, ethylthioethyl, ethyl-N-methyliminoethyl, 1-methylalkyl, vinyl, propylene, and butenyl.

[0193] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, formula P and its sub-formulas contain spacer groups Sp substituted with one or more polymerizable groups P, such that the group Sp-P corresponds to Sp(P) s, wherein s is ≥2 (branched polymerizable groups).

[0194] The preferred P compound according to this preferred embodiment is one in which s is 2, i.e., a compound containing the group Sp(P)2. The most preferred P compound according to this preferred embodiment contains groups selected from the following formulas: Where P is defined as in equation P. Alkyl refers to a straight-chain or branched alkyl group with a single bond or 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted with F, Cl, or CN, and in which one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are independently substituted with -C(R0)=C(R0)-, -C≡C-, -N(R0)-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O-, where R0 has the meaning specified above. aa and bb each independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. X has one of the meanings specified for X", and is preferably O, CO, SO2, O-CO-, CO-O or a single bond.

[0195] The preferred spacer group Sp(P)2 is selected from formulas S1, S2 and S3.

[0196] The excellent spacer group Sp(P)2 is selected from the following formulas:

[0197] In the compounds of formula P and its sub-formulas as described above and below, P is preferably selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy groups, acrylates, methacrylates, fluoroacrylates, chloroacrylates, oxobutanes and ethylene oxides, and most preferably acrylates and methacrylates.

[0198] Alternatively, it is preferred to use formula P and its sub-formulas as described above and below, wherein all polymerizable groups P present in the compound have the same meaning and preferably represent acrylate or methacrylate, most preferably methacrylate.

[0199] In the formula P and its derivative compounds as described above and below, R preferably represents P-Sp-.

[0200] Another preferred option is a compound of formula P and its derivatives as described above and below, wherein Sp represents a single bond or -(CH2)p1-, -O-(CH2)p1-, -O-CO-(CH2)p1 or -CO-O-(CH2)p1, where p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and if Sp is -O-(CH2)p1-, -O-CO-(CH2)p1 or -CO-O-(CH2)p1, then the O-atom or CO-group is attached to the benzene ring.

[0201] Alternatively, it is preferred to use compounds of formula P and its derivatives as described above and below, wherein at least one Sp group is a single bond.

[0202] Another preferred option is a compound of formula P and its derivatives as described above and below, wherein at least one group Sp is different from a single bond, and is preferably selected from -(CH2)p1-, -O-(CH2)p1-, -O-CO-(CH2)p1 or -CO-O-(CH2)p1, wherein p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and if Sp is -O-(CH2)p1-, -O-CO-(CH2)p1 or -CO-O-(CH2)p1, then the O-atom or CO-group is each attached to a benzene ring.

[0203] The preferred group in formula P, -A1-(ZA2)z-, is selected from the following formulas. At least one benzene ring is substituted with at least one group L and the benzene ring may be further substituted with one or more groups L or P-Sp-, depending on the case.

[0204] Preferred formula P and its derivative compounds are selected from the following preferred embodiments, including any combination thereof: - All P groups in the compound have the same meaning. --A 1-(ZA 2) z- is selected from formulas A1, A2, and A5. - The compound contains exactly two polymerizable groups (represented by the group P). - The compound contains exactly three polymerizable groups (represented by the group P). -P is selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, and oxetanes, preferably acrylates or methacrylates. -P represents methacrylate. - All Sp groups are single bonds. -At least one of the Sp groups is a single bond and at least one of the Sp groups is different from a single bond. When it differs from a single bond, Sp is -(CH2)p2-, -(CH2)p2-O-, -(CH2)p2-CO-O-, -(CH2)p2-O-CO-, where p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and the O- atom or CO- group is each attached to the benzene ring. -Sp represents a single bond or -(CH2)p2-, -(CH2)p2-O-, -(CH2)p2-CO-O-, -(CH2)p2-O-CO-, where p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and the O- atom or CO- group is attached to the benzene ring. -R indicates P-Sp-, -R does not indicate or contain polymerizable groups. -R does not indicate or does not contain polymerizable groups and indicates a straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2- groups are substituted with -O-, -S-, -CO-, CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- as appropriate, such that the O- and / or S- atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are substituted with F, Cl, or La as appropriate. -L or L' indicates F, Cl, or CN. -L is F.

[0205] Suitable and preferred P compounds are selected from the following formulas: These individual groups have the following meanings: P1, P2, and P3 each independently represent acrylate or methacrylate. Sp1, Sp2, and Sp3 each independently represent a single bond or a spacer group having one of the meanings specified for Sp above and below, and particularly preferably represent -(CH2)p1-, -(CH2)p1-O-, -(CH2)p1-CO-O-, -(CH2)p1-O-CO-, or -(CH2)p1-O-CO-O-, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12. Furthermore, one or more of the groups P1-Sp1-, P2-Sp2-, and P3-Sp3- can represent Raa, provided that at least one of the groups P1-Sp1-, P2-Sp2-, and P3-Sp3- is different from Raa. Raa represents H, F, Cl, CN, or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms. Furthermore, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently substituted with -C(R0)=C(R00)-, -C≡C-, -N(R0)-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- in such a manner that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other. Additionally, one or more H atoms may be substituted with F, Cl, CN, or P1-Sp1-, particularly preferably with straight-chain or branched groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and optionally monofluorinated or polyfluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or alkoxycarbonyloxy groups (wherein such alkenyl and alkynyl groups have at least two carbon atoms and branched groups have at least three carbon atoms). R0 and R00, independently and in each instance, represent H or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Ry and Rz each independently represent H, F, CH3, or CF3. X1, X2, and X3 each independently represent -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or a single bond. Z 1 represents -O-, -CO-, -C(R yR z)- or -CF 2CF 2-, Z2 and Z3 each independently represent -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, or -(CH2)n-, where n is 2, 3, or 4. Each time L appears, it may represent F, Cl, CN, or, as appropriate, a monofluorinated or polyfluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, either F, Cl, CN, or a straight or branched chain having 1 to 12 C atoms. L' and L" each independently represent H, F, or Cl. k represents 0 or 1, r represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. s represents 0, 1, 2, or 3. t represents 0, 1, or 2. x represents 0 or 1.

[0206] Especially preferred are compounds of formulas R2, R13, R17, R22, R23, R24, R30, R31 and R32.

[0207] Other preferred are tri-reactive compounds R15 to R30, specifically R17, R18, R19, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R30, R31 and R32.

[0208] In compounds of formulas P1 to P32, the group The better location is Wherein L, each time it appears, has the same or different meanings given above and below, and preferably is F, Cl, CN, NO 2, CH 3, C 2H 5, C(CH 3) 3, CH(CH 3) 2, CH 2CH(CH 3)C 2H 5, OCH 3, OC 2H 5, COCH 3, COC 2H 5, COOCH 3, COOC 2H 5, CF 3, OCF 3, OCHF 2, OC 2F 5 or P-Sp-, most preferably F, Cl, CN, CH 3, C 2H 5, OCH 3, COCH 3, OCF 3 or P-Sp-, even more preferably F, Cl, CH 3, OCH 3, COCH 3 or OCF 3, especially F or CH 3.

[0209] For the fabrication of PSA displays, polymerizable compounds contained in LC media are polymerized or crosslinked in situ through the liquid crystal medium between the substrates of the LC display (if a compound contains two or more polymerizable groups), and a voltage is applied to the electrodes as appropriate.

[0210] The structure of the PSA display according to the present invention corresponds to the general geometry of a PSA display, as described in the prior art cited at the beginning. A geometry without protrusions is preferred, specifically wherein the electrodes on the color filter side are unstructured and only the electrodes on the TFT side have slots. Particularly suitable and preferred electrode structures for PS-VA displays are described, for example, in US 2006 / 0066793 A1.

[0211] The preferred PSA-type LC display of the present invention comprises: - A first substrate comprising pixel electrodes defining pixel regions, the pixel electrodes being connected to switching elements disposed in each pixel region, and optionally including a microslit pattern, and optionally a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrodes. - A second substrate, comprising a common electrode layer disposed on the entire portion of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and, if applicable, a second alignment layer. - An LC layer comprising an LC medium disposed between a first substrate and a second substrate, the LC medium comprising a polymerizable component including one or more R compounds and a palmitic nematic liquid crystal body as described above and below, wherein the polymerizable component may also be polymerized.

[0212] The first and / or second alignment layers control the alignment orientation of the LC molecules in the LC layer. For example, in a PS-VA display, the alignment layers are selected such that they impart a homeotropic (vertical) alignment (i.e., perpendicular to the surface) or an oblique alignment to the LC molecules. This alignment layer may, for example, contain polyimide, which may be prepared by rubbing or by photoalignment methods.

[0213] An LC layer having an LC dielectric can be disposed between the substrates of a display using methods commonly used by display manufacturers (such as the so-called one-drop fill (ODF) method). The polymerizable components of the LC dielectric are then polymerized, for example, by UV photopolymerization. Polymerization can be carried out in one step or in two or more steps.

[0214] The PSA display may include other components such as color filters, black matrix, passivation layer, optical delay layer, transistor elements that address individual pixels, etc., all of which are well known to those skilled in the art and can be used without the skill of this invention.

[0215] The electrode structure can be designed by an expert depending on the specific display type. For example, for PS-VA displays, multi-domain orientation of LC molecules can be induced by providing electrodes with slits and / or protrusions or projections to create two, four or more different tilt alignment directions.

[0216] Following polymerization, the polymerizable compound forms a cross-linked polymer, which causes a certain pre-tilt of the LC molecules in the LC medium. Not wishing to be confined to a particular theory, it is rejected that at least a portion of the cross-linked polymer formed by the polymerizable compound will separate from or precipitate from the LC medium phase and form a polymer layer on the substrate or electrode, or an alignment layer thereon. Microscopic measurements (such as SEM and AFM) have confirmed that at least a portion of the formed polymer accumulates at the LC / substrate interface.

[0217] Polymerization can be carried out in a single step. Alternatively, polymerization can be carried out first in the first step, with voltage applied simultaneously as needed to create a pre-tilt angle, and then in the second polymerization step without voltage applied to polymerize or crosslink the compound that did not react in the first step ("final curing").

[0218] Suitable and preferred polymerization methods are, for example, thermal or photopolymerization, preferably photopolymerization, specifically UV-induced photopolymerization, which can be achieved by exposing the polymerizable compound to UV emission.

[0219] One or more polymerization initiators may be added to the LC medium as appropriate. Suitable polymerization conditions and suitable types and amounts of initiators are known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature. Suitable initiators for free radical polymerization include, for example, commercially available photoinitiators such as Irgacure 651®, Irgacure 184®, Irgacure 907®, Irgacure 369®, or Darocure 1173® (Ciba AG). If a polymerization initiator is used, its ratio is preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight.

[0220] The polymerizable compounds according to the present invention are also suitable for initiator-free polymerization, which brings considerable advantages, such as, for example, lower material costs and, specifically, less pollution of the LC medium due to possible residual initiator or its degradation products. Therefore, polymerization can also be carried out without the addition of an initiator. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the LC medium does not contain a polymerization initiator.

[0221] The LC medium may also contain one or more stabilizers to prevent unwanted spontaneous polymerization of RM (e.g.) during storage or transport. Suitable types and amounts of stabilizers are known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature. Commercially available stabilizers from the Irganox® series (Ciba AG), such as, for example, Irganox® 1076, are particularly suitable. If a stabilizer is used, its ratio, based on the total amount of RM or polymerizable component (component P), is preferably from 10 to 500,000 ppm, particularly preferably from 50 to 50,000 ppm.

[0222] Specifically, the polymerizable compound of formula R does indeed exhibit good UV absorption, and is therefore particularly suitable for a method of preparing PSA displays, which includes one or more of the following characteristics: - In a two-step process, the polymerizable medium in the display is exposed to UV light. This two-step process includes a first UV exposure step ("UV-1 step") to generate a tilt angle, and a second UV exposure step ("UV-2 step") to complete the polymerization. - Expose the polymerizable medium in the display to UV light generated by an energy-saving UV lamp (also known as a "green UV lamp"). These lamps are characterized by their relatively low intensity (1 / 100 to 1 / 10 of that of a conventional UV1 lamp) absorption spectrum of 300 to 380 nm, and are better suited for the UV2 step, but may also be used in the UV1 step if necessary to avoid high intensity in the process. - Expose the polymerizable media in the display to UV light generated by a UV lamp with a radiation spectrum shifted to a longer wavelength (preferably 340 nm or more) to avoid short UV light exposure during the PS-VA process.

[0223] Both use lower intensity and even longer wavelength UV offsets to protect the organic layer from damage that can be caused by UV light.

[0224] A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a PSA display as described above and below, comprising one or more of the following features: - In a two-step process, the polymerizable LC medium is exposed to UV light. This two-step process includes a first UV exposure step ("UV-1 step") to generate a tilt angle, and a second UV exposure step ("UV-2 step") to complete the polymerization. - The polymerizable LC medium is exposed to UV light generated by a UV lamp with an intensity of 0.5 mW / cm² to 10 mW / cm², in the wavelength range of 300 to 380 nm, preferably in the UV2 step, and may also be used in the UV1 step as appropriate. - Expose the polymerizable LC medium to UV light with wavelengths of 340 nm or more, and preferably 400 nm or less.

[0225] This preferred method can be performed, for example, by using a desired UV lamp or by using bandpass and / or cutoff filters that substantially transmit UV light having the desired wavelengths and substantially block light having the undesired wavelengths. For example, when UV exposure with wavelengths λ of 300 to 400 nm is desired, a broadband pass-through filter that substantially transmits wavelengths 300 nm < λ < 400 nm can be used for UV exposure. When UV exposure with wavelengths λ greater than 340 nm is desired, a cutoff filter that substantially transmits wavelengths λ > 340 nm can be used for UV exposure.

[0226] "Substantially transmits" means that the filter transmits substantially a portion of the intensity of incident light of the desired wavelength, preferably at least 50%. "Substantially blocks" means that the filter does not transmit substantially a portion of the intensity of incident light of a non-desired wavelength, preferably at least 50%. "Desired (non-desired) wavelength" refers, for example, in the case of a bandpass filter, to wavelengths within (outside) a given range of λ, and in the case of a cutoff filter, to wavelengths above (below) a given value of λ.

[0227] This superior process enables the manufacture of displays using longer UV wavelengths, thereby reducing or even avoiding the dangerous and damaging effects on short UV light components.

[0228] UV radiation energy is generally between 6 and 100 J, depending on the production process conditions.

[0229] Preferably, the LC medium according to the present invention is substantially composed of a polymerizable component (P) comprising one or more polymerizable compounds of formula R, an LC body mixture, and an optically active component comprising one or more antagonistic dopants, as described above and below. However, the LC medium may additionally comprise one or more other components or additives preferably selected from, but not limited to, the following list: comonomers, polymerization initiators, inhibitors, stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricants, dispersants, hydrophobic agents, adhesives, flow improvers, defoamers, degassing agents, diluents, reactive diluents, auxiliaries, colorants, dyes, pigments, and nanoparticles.

[0230] The LC medium according to the present invention contains one, two or three palm-shaped dopants, preferably one palm-shaped dopant.

[0231] Especially preferred are LC media containing one, two or three polymerizable compounds of formula R.

[0232] Furthermore, it is preferable to use an LC medium with a palmate nematic LC phase.

[0233] Preferably, the ratio of compound R in the LC medium is >0 to < 5%, extremely preferably >0 to < 1%, and most preferably 0.01 to 0.5%.

[0234] In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention, alone or in combination with each other, comprises - One or more of the formula IIA compounds in a total concentration ranging from 25% to 50%, more preferably 30% to 45%, and most preferably 32% to 40%; - One or more of the IIA-2 compounds in total concentrations ranging from 5% to 20%, more preferably 8% to 18%, and most preferably 10% to 15%; - One or more of the IIA-10 compounds in a total concentration ranging from 17% to 38%, more preferably 19% to 30%, and most preferably 20% to 26%; - One or more of the following total concentrations, ranging from 5% to 25%, more preferably from 9% to 22%, and most preferably from 12% to 20%, of a compound of formula IIB-10; - A total concentration of one or more compounds of form IIA and one or more compounds of form IIB at 50% or greater, more preferably 55% or greater, and most preferably 60% or greater; - A total concentration of one or more of compounds of type IIA and one or more of compounds of type IIB and one or more of compounds of type V at a concentration of 60% or greater, more preferably 65% ​​or greater, extremely preferably 70% or greater, and specifically 73% or 74% or greater; - A total concentration of one or more of the form IV compound less than 30%, preferably less than 29%, more preferably less than 28%, 27%, or 26%; - One or more formulations of IV compound in the range of 15% to 45%, more preferably 18% to 38%, still more preferably 21% to 30%, and very preferably 22% to 28% or 22% to 26% in total concentration; - One or more of the IV-2 compounds in the range of 1% to 8%, more preferably 2% to 7%, still more preferably 3% to 6%, and very preferably 4% to 5% in total concentration; - One or more formulations of IV-3 compounds in the range of 10% to 35%, more preferably 12% to 32%, still more preferably 16% to 28% and very preferably 18% to 22%, preferably IV-3-4 and IV-3-1 compounds; - One or more of the total concentrations of IV-3-4 compounds in the range of 5% to 25%, more preferably 10% to 22% and most preferably 13% to 17%; - One or more of the IV-3-1 compounds in total concentrations ranging from 1% to 12%, more preferably 2% to 10%, and most preferably 3% to 7%; - One or more of the total concentrations of compound V in the range of 15% to 40%, more preferably 17% to 38%, still more preferably 19% to 30%, and most preferably 20% to 26%; - One or more of the V-3 compounds in the range of 1% to 12%, more preferably 2% to 10%, still more preferably 3% to 9%, and most preferably 4% to 8% in total concentration; - One or more of the V-10 compounds in the range of 5% to 30%, more preferably 10% to 25% and most preferably 12% to 18% of total concentration.

[0235] The liquid crystal medium according to the present invention preferably has a nematic phase system with a temperature range of ≤ -20°C to ≥ 100°C, particularly preferably ≤ -30°C to ≥ 110°C, and most particularly preferably ≤ -40°C to ≥ 120°C.

[0236] The medium according to the invention has a clarification temperature of 90°C or higher, preferably 100°C or higher, more preferably 105°C or higher, and specifically 110°C or higher.

[0237] In this paper, "having a nematic phase" means, on the one hand, that no smectic phase and no crystallization are observed at the corresponding temperature at low temperatures, and on the other hand, that the nematic phase does not clear upon external heating (the phase transition to an isotropic phase). Low-temperature studies were conducted in a flow cytometer at the corresponding temperature and verified by storing the medium in a test unit with a layer thickness corresponding to electro-optic applications for at least 100 hours. If the storage stability in the corresponding test unit at -20°C is 1000 hours or more, the medium is considered stable at that temperature. At -30°C and -40°C, the corresponding times are 500 hours and 250 hours, respectively. At high temperatures, the clearing point was measured in a capillary using conventional methods.

[0238] The liquid crystal mixture preferably has a nematic phase range of at least 60 K and a flow viscosity ν20 of up to 30 mm²⸳ s⁻¹ at 20 °C.

[0239] The mixture is nematic at temperatures of -20°C or lower, preferably -30°C or lower, and most preferably -40°C or lower.

[0240] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium has a birefringence in the range of 0.085 to 0.110, more preferably 0.090 to 0.105, and specifically 0.095 to 0.100.

[0241] The liquid crystal mixture according to the present invention has a dielectric anisotropy Δε of -2.5 to -5.0, preferably -2.8 to -4.0, and specifically -3.0 to -3.5.

[0242] The rotational viscosity γ1 at 20°C is preferably in the range of 150 to 250 mPas, more preferably in the range of 170 to 210 mPas.

[0243] The liquid crystal medium according to the present invention has a relatively low threshold voltage (V0). It is preferably in the range of 1.7 V to 3.0 V, particularly preferably ≤2.8 V and very particularly preferably ≤2.6 V.

[0244] For the purposes of this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified, the term "limit voltage" refers to the capacitance limit (V0), also known as the Freedericks limit.

[0245] Furthermore, the liquid crystal medium according to the present invention has a high voltage retention ratio for the liquid crystal cells.

[0246] Generally speaking, liquid crystal media with low address voltage or threshold voltage exhibit a lower voltage hold-up ratio than those with higher address voltage or threshold voltage, and vice versa.

[0247] In this invention, the term "dielectrically positive compound" refers to a compound having ∆ε > 1.5, the term "dielectrically neutral compound" refers to the like having -1.5 ≤ ∆ε ≤ 1.5, and the term "dielectrically negative compound" refers to the like having ∆ε < -1.5. The dielectric anisotropy of the compounds herein is determined by dissolving 10% of the compound in a liquid crystal matrix and measuring the capacitance of the resulting mixture in at least one test cell under various conditions. This test cell has a layer thickness of 20 µm and perpendicular and uniform surface alignment at 1 kHz. The measurement voltage is typically from 0.5 V to 1.0 V, but is generally below the capacitance threshold of the respective liquid crystal mixture under study.

[0248] All temperature values ​​specified in this invention are in °C.

[0249] Preferably, the liquid crystal medium according to the present invention has negative dielectric anisotropy (∆ε).

[0250] The mixture according to the present invention is suitable for all VA-TFT applications, such as, for example, VAN, MVA, (S)-PVA, ASV, PSA (polymer-continuous VA), and PS-VA (polymer-stabilized VA). Furthermore, it is suitable for IPS with negative Δε. [In-plane switching]) and FFS ( [Edge field switching]) application.

[0251] It goes without saying to those familiar with this technique that the VA, IPS or FFS mixture according to the present invention may also contain (for example) compounds in which H, N, O, Cl and F have been replaced with corresponding isotopes.

[0252] The compounds according to the invention can be synthesized by or similar methods described in the literature (e.g., standard works, such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie [Organic Chemical Methods], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart) under known reaction conditions suitable for such reactions. Variations known herein but not mentioned herein may also be used. Specifically, they can be prepared as shown in or similar to the reaction diagrams below. Further methods for preparing the compounds of the invention can be employed by way of example.

[0253] Other liquid crystal precursor compounds not explicitly mentioned above may also be used, as appropriate and advantageously, in the media according to the invention. These compounds are known to those skilled in the art.

[0254] In connection with the present invention and in the following examples, the structures of the liquid crystal compounds are specified by abbreviations, wherein the conversion to the chemical formula occurs according to Tables A to C below. All groups CmH 2m+1, CnH 2n+1, and ClH 2l+1 or CmH 2m-1, CnH 2n-1, and ClH 2l-1 are straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl groups, each having n, m, and l C atoms in each case. Preferably, n, m, and l are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 independently of each other. Table A shows the codes for the ring elements used in the core of the compound, Table B lists the bridging units, and Table C lists the meanings of the symbols for the left-hand or right-hand end groups of the molecule. These acronyms consist of the code for the ring element and, optionally, the linking group, followed by a first hyphen and the code for the left-hand end group, and a second hyphen and the code for the right-hand end group. Table D shows illustrative compound structures along with their respective abbreviations. [surface] [A] [:Ring element] [] [C] [D] [DI] [A] [ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE] [P] [G] [GI] [U] [UI] [Y] [P(F, Cl)Y] [P(Cl,F)Y] [np] [n3f] [nN3fI] [th] [thI] [tH2f] [tH2fI] [o2f] [o2fI] [d] [B] [B(S)] [Oh] [S] [K] [WHO] [L] [READ] [F] [FI] [Bh] [Bh(S)] [] [] [Bf] [Bf(S)] [] [] [Bfi] [Bfi(S)] [surface] [B] [Bridging Unit] [] [E] -CH 2-CH 2- [V] -CH=CH- [T] -C≡C- [W] -CF 2-CF 2- [B] -CF=CF- [Z] -CO-O- [ZI] -O-CO- [X] -CF=CH- [XI] -CH=CF- [O] -CH 2-O- [OI] -O-CH 2- [Q] -CF 2-O- [QI] -O-CF 2- [surface] [C] [:terminal base] [] [Left hand side, individually or in combination] [Right side, alone or in combination] [-n-] C nH 2n+1- [-n] -C nH 2n+1 [-nO-] C nH 2n+1-O- [-On] -O- C nH 2n+1 [-V-] CH 2=CH- [-V] -CH=CH 2 [-nV-] C nH 2n+1-CH=CH- [-nV] -C nH 2n-CH=CH 2 [-Vn-] CH 2=CH- C nH 2n- [-Vn] -CH=CH-C nH 2n+1 [-nVm-] C nH 2n+1-CH=CH-C mH 2m- [-nVm] - C nH 2n-CH=CH-C mH 2m+1 [-N-] N≡C- [-N] -C≡N [-S-] S=C=N- [-S] -N=C=S [-F-] F- [-F] -F [-CL-] Cl- [-CL] -Cl [-M-] CFH 2- [-M] -CFH 2 [-D-] CF 2H- [-D] -CF 2H [-T-] CF 3- [-T] -CF 3 [-MO-] CFH 2O - [-OM] -OCFH 2 [-DO-] CF 2HO - [-OD] -OCF 2H [-TO-] CF 3O - [-OT] -OCF 3 [-A-] H-C≡C- [-A] -C≡C-H [-nA-] C nH 2n+1-C≡C- [-An] -C≡CC nH 2n+1 [-NA-] N≡CC≡C- [-AN] -C≡CC≡N [-(cn)-] [-(cn)] [-(cn)m-] [-m(cn)] [] [] [] [] [Left-hand side only uses combinations] [] [Right side only uses combinations] [-…n…-] -C nH 2n- [-…n…] -C nH 2n- [-…M…-] -CFH- [-…M…] -CFH- [-…D…-] -CF 2- [-…D…] -CF 2- [-…V…-] -CH=CH- [-…V…] -CH=CH- [-…Z…-] -CO-O- [-…Z…] -CO-O- [-…ZI…-] -O-CO- [-…ZI…] -O-CO- [-…K…-] -CO- [-…K…] -CO- [-…W…-] -CF=CF- [-…W…] -CF=CF- Where n and m are integers, and the three dots "..." are reserved spaces for other abbreviations from this table.

[0255] In addition to compounds of formulas I, IIA, IIB, IIC and / or IID, IVa, IVb and V, mixtures according to the present invention may, as appropriate, contain one or more of the compounds mentioned below.

[0256] Use the following abbreviations: (n, m, k, and l are each independent integers, preferably 1 to 9, preferably 1 to 7. k and l can also be 0, preferably 0 to 4, even better 0 or 2, and best 2. n is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In the combination "-nO-", it is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4, preferably 2 or 4. m is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In the combination "-Om", it is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4, preferably 2 or 4. The combination "-lVm" is preferably "2V1".) [, , ] [] [surface] [D] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []

[0257] [] [Example] [] The present invention will be described in detail by way of the following non-limiting working examples.

[0258] Use the following abbreviations and symbols: Vo represents the critical voltage at 20°C, and the capacitance [V]. The unusual refractive index of ne at 20°C and 589 nm The ordinary refractive index of no at 20℃ and 589 nm Optical anisotropy at ∆n 20℃ and 589 nm ε is the dielectric constant perpendicular to the director at 20℃ and 1 kHz. ε || is the permittivity parallel to the director at 20℃ and 1 kHz. Dielectric anisotropy of ∆ε at 20℃ and 1 kHz cl.p.,T(N,I) Clarification point [°C] γ1 rotational viscosity at 20℃ [mPa·s] K is the elastic constant, and the "unfolding" deformation at 20℃ [pN]. K is the elastic constant, and the torsional deformation at 20°C [pN]. K is the elastic constant, representing the bending deformation at 20°C [pN].

[0259] Unless otherwise expressly specified, all concentrations in this application are referenced by weight percentage and relative to the corresponding mixture as a whole, which contains all solid or liquid crystal components but no solvent.

[0260] Unless otherwise expressly specified, all temperature values ​​specified in this application, such as, for example, melting point T(C,N), transition temperature from the strata (S) to the nematic (N) phase T(S,N), and refining point T(N,I), are quoted in degrees Celsius (°C). Mp represents the melting point, and cl.p. = refining point. Furthermore, C = crystalline state, N = nematic phase, S = strata phase, and I = isotropic phase. The data between these symbols represent the transition temperature.

[0261] In all cases, unless otherwise expressly specified, all physical properties are determined according to and have been determined according to "Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals", Status Nov. 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and are applicable to a temperature of 20°C, with ∆n determined at 589 nm and ∆ε determined at 1 kHz.

[0262] Unless otherwise expressly specified, the term "threshold voltage" used in this invention refers to the capacitance threshold (V0), also known as the Fredericks threshold. In examples, the optical threshold may also be referred to as 10% relative contrast (V10), as is customary.

[0263] Unless otherwise specified, the process for polymerizing polymerizable compounds in PSA displays, as described above and below, is performed at the temperature of the liquid crystal phase, preferably the nematic phase, displayed on the LC medium, and most preferably at room temperature.

[0264] Unless otherwise specified, the methods for preparing test units and measuring their electro-optic and other properties are carried out by or similar to those described below.

[0265] The display used to measure the capacitance threshold voltage consists of two planar parallel glass outer plates spaced 25 µm apart. Each plate has an internal electrode layer and an unrubbed polyimide alignment layer on top, which causes the vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules.

[0266] The display or test unit used to measure tilt angle consists of two planar parallel glass outer plates spaced 4 µm apart. Each plate has an internal electrode layer and an upper polyimide alignment layer. The two polyimide layers rub against each other in antiparallel fashion, causing vertical edge alignment of liquid crystal molecules.

[0267] Polymerizable compounds are polymerized in a display or test unit by irradiation with UV light of a defined intensity for a predetermined time, while a voltage (typically 10 V to 30 V AC, 1 kHz) is simultaneously applied to the display. In this example, unless otherwise specified, a fluorescent lamp and an intensity of 0 to 20 mW / cm² are used for polymerization. The intensity is measured using a standard measuring instrument (a Ushio Accumulate UV meter with a center wavelength of 313 nm).

[0268] Transmission measurements were performed in the test unit using a fishbone electrode layout (from Merck Ltd., Japan; 1-pixel fishbone electrode (ITO, 10 x 10 mm, with a 47.7° angled fishbone of 3 µm line / 3 µm space), 3.2 µm unit gap, AF-glass, tilt angle 1°).

[0269] [Example] [] The nematic LC bulk mixtures H1 to H9 are formulated as follows: [mixture] [H1] [] CY-3-O4 13.0% CCY-3-O1 5.0% CCY-3-O2 5.0% CCY-3-O3 5.0% CCY-4-O2 5.0% CCY-5-O2 3.0% CPY-2-O2 8.5% CPY-3-O2 10.0% CCP-V-1 14.0 % CCP-V2-1 2.0 % CC-3-V1 5.0 % <00,02078> CC-4-V <, 14.5 % CC-3-O1 4.0 % CCZC-3-5 3.0 % CCZC-4-5 3.0 % [Mixture] [H2] [] CY-3-O4 13.0 % CCY-3-O1 5.0 % CCY-3-O2 5.0 % CCY-3-O3 5.0 % CCY-4-O2 5.0 % CCY-5-O2 3.0 % CPY-2-O2 8.5 % CPY-3-O2 10.0 % CCP-V-1 14.0 % CCP-V2-1 2.0 % CC-3-V1 3.0 % CC-4-V 12.5 % CC-4-V1 4.0 % CC-3-O1 4.0 % CCZC-3-5 3.0 % CCZC-4-5 3.0 % [Mixture] [H3] [] CY-3-O4 13.0 % CCY-3-O1 5.0 % CCY-3-O2 5.0 % CCY-3-O3 5.0 % CCY-4-O2 5.0 % CCY-5-O2 3.0 % CPY-2-O2 8.5 % [[ID= CPY-3-O2 10.0 % CCP-V-1 12.0 % CCP-V2-1 2.0 % CC-3-V1 5.0 % CC-4-V 14.5 % CC-3-O1 4.0 % CCZC-3-5 3.0 % CCZC-4-5 2.0 % CCC-3-V 3.0 % [Mixture] [H4] [] CY-3-O4 13.0 % CCY-3-O1 5.0 % CCY-3-O2 4.0 % CCY-3-O3 5.0 % CCY-4-O2 4.0 % CCY-5-O2 3.0 % CLOY-3-O2 4.0 % CPY-2-O2 8.5 % CPY-3-O2 8.0 % CCP-V-1 14.0 % CCP-V2-1 2.0 % CC-3-V1 5.0 % CC-4-V 14.5% CC-3-O1 4.0% CCZC-3-5 3.0% CCZC-4-5 3.0% [mixture] [H5] [] CY-3-O4 13.0% CCY-3-O1 5.0% CCY-3-O2 5.0% CCY-3-O3 5.0% CCY-4-O2 5.0% CCY-5-O2 3.0% CPY-2-O2 8.5 % CPY-3-O2 10.0 % CLP-3-1 5.0 % CCP-V-1 9.0 % CCP-V2-1 2.0 % CC-3-V1 5.0 % CC-4-V 14.5 % CC-3-O1 4.0 % CCZC-3-5 3.0 % CCZC-4-5 3.0 % [Mixture] [H6] [] CY-3-O4 13.0 % CCY-3-O1 5.0 % CCY-3-O2 5.0 % CCY-3-O3 5.0 % CCY-4-O2 5.0 % CCY-5-O2 3.0 % CPY-2-O2 8.5 % CPY-3-O2 10.0 % CCP-V-1 14.0 % CCP-V2-1 2.0 % CC-3-2V1 4.0 % CC-4-V 14.5 % CC-2-3 5.0 % CCZC-3-5 3.0 % CCZC-4-5 3.0 % [Mixture] [H7] [] CY-3-O4 13.0 % CCY-3-O1 5.0 % CCY-3-O2 5.0 % CCY-3-O1(c3) 5.0 % CCY-4-O2 5.0 % CCY-5-O2 3.0 % CPY-2-O2 8.5 % CPY-3-O2 10.0 % CCP-V-1 14.0 % CCP-V2-1 2.0 % CC-3-V1 5.0 % CC-4-V 14.5 % CC-3-O1 4.0 % CCZC-3-5 3.0 % CCZC-4-5 3.0 % [Mixture] [H8] [] CY-3-O4 13.0 % CCY-3-O1 5.0 % CCY-3-O2 5.0 % CCY-3-O3 5.0 % CCY-4-O2 5.0 % CCY-5-O2 3.0 % CPY-2-O2 6.5 % CPY-3-O2 10.0 % COB(S)-2-O4 2.0 % CCP-V-1 14.0 % CCP-V2-1 2.0 % CC-3-V1 5.0% CC-4-V 14.5% CC-3-O1 4.0% CCZC-3-5 3.0% CCZC-4-5 3.0% [mixture] [H9] [] CY-3-O4 13.0% CCY-3-O1 5.0% CCY-3-O2 5.0% CCY-3-O3 5.0% CCY-4-O2 5.0 % CCY-5-O2 3.0 % CPY-2-O2 6.5 % CPY-3-O2 10.0 % B(S)-(c5)1O-O2 2.0 % CCP-V-1 14.0 % CCP-V2-1 2.0 % CC-3-V1 5.0 % CC-4-V 14.5 % CC-3-O1 4.0 % CCZC-3-5 3.0 % CCZC-4-5 3.0%

[0270] [] [Anticartic nematic mixture] [] The palmar nematic mixture is prepared from the above nematic host mixture N1 by adding palmar dopants S-811, S-2011 or S-4011 to each of them. []

[0271] Use the following stabilizer of formula I: []

[0272] In addition to compounds of formula I, the following stabilizers are used:

[0273] [Example of a mixture] [] Using the main mixtures H1 to H9, the following LC mixtures Ch-1 to Ch-10 according to the present invention, having the physical properties shown in the table below, are obtained. [mixture] [Ch-1] H1 98.915% T (N,I). [℃]: 110.5 ST-3a-1 0.03% ∆n (589 nm, 20℃): 0.0981 1-2-1a 0.005% and(20°C,589.3 nm]: 1.5827 S-4011 1.05 % no(20°C,589.3 nm]: 1.4846 ∆ε (1 kHz,20°C): -3.2 ε ||(1 kHz,20°C): 3.3 ε ⊥(1 kHz,20°C): 6.5 K 1[pN],(20°C): 16.7 K 3[pN],(20°C): 18.2 γ 1[mPa·s],(20°C): 189 V 0[V],(20°C): 2.51 [Romantic] [Ch-2] [] H1 98.82 % T(N,I). [C]: 110.5 ST-3a-1 0.03 % ∆n (589 nm,20°C): 0.0981 1-1-1a 0.10 % and(20°C,589.3 nm]: 1.5827 S-4011 1.05 % no(20°C,589.3 nm]: 1.4846 ∆ε (1 kHz,20°C): -3.2 ε ||(1 kHz,20°C): 3.3 ε ⊥(1 kHz,20°C): 6.5 K 1[pN],(20°C): 16.7 K 3[pN], (20℃): 18.2 γ 1[mPa·s],(20℃): 189 V 0[V],(20℃): 2.51 [mixture] [Ch-3] [] H2 98.920% T (N,I). [℃]: 111.7 ST-3b-1 0.025% ∆n (589 nm, 20℃): 0.0987 1-2-1a 0.005% ne(20℃, 589.3 nm) 1.5833 S-4011 1.05% no(20℃, 589.3 nm) 1.4846 ∆ε (1 kHz, 20℃): -3.2 ε ||(1 kHz, 20 °C): 3.3 ε ⊥(1 kHz, 20 °C): 6.5 K 1 [pN], (20 °C): 17.1 <� K 3 [pN], (20 °C): 18.4 γ 1 [mPa·s], (20 °C): 196 V 0 [V], (20 °C): 2.52 [Mixture] [Ch-4] [[]] H3 98.960 % T (N, I). [°C]: 112.8 ST-3a-1 0.035 % ∆n (589 nm, 20 °C): 0.0979 1-2-1a 0.005 % and(20°C,589.3 nm]: 1.5821 S-2011 1.00 % no(20°C,589.3 nm]: 1.4841 ∆ε (1 kHz,20°C): -3.2 ε ||(1 kHz,20°C): 3.3 ε ⊥(1 kHz,20°C): 6.5 γ 1[mPa·s],(20°C): 188 V 0[V],(20°C): 2.39 [Romantic] [Ch-5 [] H4 99.13% T(N,I). [C]: 108 ST-3a-1 0.02 % ∆n (589 nm,20℃): 0.0960 1-1-1a 0.05 % n e(20℃,589.3 nm]: 1.5805 S-4011 0.80 % n o(20℃,589.3 nm]: 1.4846 ∆ε (1 kHz,20℃): -3.4 ε ||(1 kHz,20℃): 3.3 ε ⊥(1 kHz,20℃): 6.7 K 1[pN],(20℃): 16.6 K 3[pN],(20℃): 18.2 γ 1 [mPa·s], (20 °C): 193 V 0 [V], (20 °C): 2.46 [Mixture] [Ch-6] [] H5 98.82 % T (N, I). [°C]: 112.5 ST-3b-1 0.03 % ∆n (589 nm, 20 °C): 0.0969 1-1-1a 0.10 % n e (20 °C, 589.3 nm]: 1.5845 S-4011 1.05 % n o (20 °C, 589.3 nm]: 1.4850 ∆ε (1 kHz, 20 °C): -3.1 ε || (1 kHz, 20 °C): 3.4 ε ⊥(1 kHz, 20°C): 6.5 γ 1 [mPa·s], (20°C): 198 V 0 [V], (20°C): 2.29 [Mixture] [Ch-7] [] H6 98.960 % T (N, I). [°C]: 111.0 ST-3b-1 0.035 % ∆n (589 nm, 20°C): 0.0978 1-2-1a 0.005 % n e(20°C, 589.3 nm]: 1.5822 S-811 1.0 % n o(20°C, 589.3 nm]: 1.4845 ∆ε (1 kHz, 20°C): -3.1 ε ||(1 kHz,20°C): 3.3 ε ⊥(1 kHz,20°C): 6.4 K 1[pN],(20°C): 17.2 K 3[pN],(20°C): 18.2 γ 1[mPa·s],(20°C): 188 V 0[V],(20°C): 2.53 [Romantic] [Ch-8] [] H7 98,915 % T(N,I). [C]: 111 ST-3a-1 0.03 % ∆n (589 nm,20°C): 0.0979 1-2-1a 0.005 % and(20°C,589.3 nm]: 1.5824 S-4011 1.05 % no(20°C,589.3 nm]: 1.4845 ∆ε (1 kHz,20°C): -3.2 ε ||(1 kHz,20°C): 3.2 ε ⊥(1 kHz,20°C): 6.4 K 1[pN],(20°C): 16.6 K 3[pN],(20°C): 18.4 γ 1[mPa·s],(20°C): 192 V 0[V],(20°C): 2.55 [Mixture] [Ch-9] [] H8 98.915 % T (N,I). [°C]: 111 ST-3a-1 0.03 % ∆n (589 nm,20°C): 0.0985 1-2-1a 0.005 % n e(20°C,589.3 nm]: 1.5833 S-4011 1.05 % n o(20°C,589.3 nm]: 1.4848 ∆ε (1 kHz,20°C): -3.3 ε ||(1 kHz,20°C): 3.3 ε ⊥(1 kHz,20°C): 6.6 K 1[pN],(20°C): 16.7 K 3[pN], (20℃): 18.5 γ 1[mPa·s],(20℃): 193 V 0[V],(20℃): 2.47 [mixture] [Ch-10] [] H9 98.915% T (N,I). [℃]: 110 ST-3a-1 0.03% ∆n (589 nm, 20℃): 0.0982 1-2-1a 0.005% ne(20℃, 589.3 nm) 1.5833 S-4011 1.05% no(20℃, 589.3 nm) 1.4851 ∆ε (1 kHz, 20℃): -3.3 ε ||(1 kHz, 20℃): 3.3 ε ⊥(1 kHz, 20℃): 6.6 γ 1[mPa·s],(20℃): 185 V 0[V],(20℃): 2.49

[0274] [Melpileable palmar nematic mixture] [] The following polymerizable palmar nematic mixtures are prepared from the palmar nematic mixtures given in Table 1 by adding a reactive liquid crystal origin (RM) selected from the group of compounds of formula RM1, RM2, RM3 and RM4 in an amount (% RM) given in Table 4. Table 4: Polymerizable palmate nematic mixtures mixture LC body RM % RM PCh1 Ch1 RM1 0.3 PCh2 Ch1 RM2 0.3 PCh3 Ch1 RM3 0.4 PCh4 Ch1 RM4 0.3 PCh5 Ch2 RM1 0.2 PCh6 Ch2 RM2 0.25 PCh7 Ch2 RM3 0.25 PCh8 Ch2 RM4 0.25

Claims

1. A liquid crystal medium comprising a) one or more compounds of formula I, wherein Ar represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms; Sp represents a spacer group, which is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may be substituted with -O-; RS represents H, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; ZS represents -O-, -C(O)O-, -(CH2)z-, or -(CH2)zO-, or a single bond; HA represents; RH represents H, O●, CH3, OH, or ORS; RS1, RS2, RS3, and RS4 represent alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the same or different ways; G represents H or RS or the group ZS-HA; z is an integer from 1 to 6; and q is 3 or 4; b) One or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC and IID, wherein R2A, R2B, R2C and R2D each independently represent H, an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 15 C atoms, which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted with CN or CF3 or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, wherein one or more of these groups are CH2 groups that allow the O atoms to be substituted with -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -OC-O- or -O-CO- in such a way that the O atoms are not directly connected to each other; L1 and L2 each independently represent F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2; Y represents H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2 or CH3; Z2, Z2B, and Z2D each independently represent a single bond, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, or -CH=CHCH2O-; p represents 0, 1, or 2; q represents 0 or 1; and v represents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; c) one or more V-3 compounds with a total concentration in the range of 1% to 12%, wherein R51 and R52 represent straight-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or alkenyl groups having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; and d) one or more palm-shaped dopants.

2. The liquid crystal medium of claim 1, wherein the one or more compounds of formula I are selected from compounds of formula I-1, I-2 and I-3: wherein RH and Rs have the meanings given in claim 1, n is an integer from 0 to 12, and Sp represents a spacer group as defined in claim 1.

3. The liquid crystal medium of claim 1, wherein the RH group represents H or O●.

4. A liquid crystal medium as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medium comprises one or more ST-3 compounds, wherein RST represents H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms, and further wherein one or more CH2 groups among these groups may be substituted with -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- in such a manner that the O atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms may be halogenated, and each occurrence may be represented in the same or different ways, or ZST It represents -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-, -CH2O-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond, and p represents 0, 1 or 2.

5. A liquid crystal medium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula V, wherein R51 and R52 are identical or different in representing an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, or an alkenoxy group; and Z51 and Z52 are identical or different in representing -CH2CH2-, -CH2O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -COO-, or a single bond, and n is 1 or 2.

6. A liquid crystal medium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds of formulas V-1, V-2 and V-4 to V-16: wherein R51 and R52 represent straight-chain alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or alkenyl groups having 2 to 7 carbon atoms.

7. A liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medium comprises one or more antagonistic dopants selected from the group of compounds of formulas Al to A-III and A-Ch: wherein Ra11, Ra12, and Rb12 independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 15 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently substituted with -C(Rz)=C(Rz)-, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- in such a manner that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and further wherein, One or more H atoms may be substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, with the restriction that Ra12 and Rb12 are different. Ra21 and Ra22 independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 15 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be substituted with -C(Rz)=C(Rz)-, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other. Furthermore, one or more H atoms may be substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN. Ra31, Ra32, and Rb32 independently represent straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 15 C atoms. Furthermore, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently substituted with -C(Rz)=C(Rz)-, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- in such a manner that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other. Additionally, one or more H atoms may be substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, provided that Ra32 and Rb32 are different. Rz represents H, CH3, F, Cl, or CN. R8 has one of the meanings of Ra11 given above. Z8 represents -C(O)O-, CH2O, CF2O, or a single bond, as defined in A12 below, or may represent, , , representing, L12, each time appearing independently, represents a halogen, CN, or an alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, or alkenyloxy group having up to 12 C atoms, with one or more H atoms substituted by a halogen as appropriate; indicates having a given meaning; indicates having a given meaning; or indicates having a given meaning; n2, each time appearing, is the same or different 0, 1, or 2; n3 is 1, 2, or 3; and r is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

8. The liquid crystal medium of claim 5, wherein the medium comprises 60% or more of a total concentration of one or more compounds of type IIA, one or more compounds of type IIB, and one or more compounds of type V.

9. A liquid crystal medium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medium has a pitch in the range of 5 μm to 50 μm.

10. A liquid crystal medium as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medium has a clarification temperature of 100°C or higher.

11. The liquid crystal medium of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medium further comprises a polymerizable compound.

12. A liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystal medium as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The liquid crystal display as requested in item 12, wherein the display is a VA, IPS or FFS type display.

14. Use of a liquid crystal medium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 in a VA, IPS, FFS, PS-VA, PS-IPS or PS-FFS display.

15. A method for preparing a liquid crystal medium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of mixing one or more compounds of formula I as defined in claim 1 with one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula IIA, IIB, IIC and IID, and mixing with one or more antagonistic dopants and, as appropriate, with polymerizable compounds or other liquid crystal compounds or additives.