Procedure for generating the data for the reconstruction of a volume in a flat object using an x-ray system

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for reconstructing volume data in a planar object 4 using an X-ray system having a tube 1, a detector 3, and an object 4 positioned therebetween. According to the invention, a layered radiographic method is implemented, which is a combination of object rotation and translation, wherein the horizontal and vertical directions are observed independently, resulting in a trajectory resembling a cross shape.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for generating data for reconstructing a volume in a planar object using an X-ray system having a tube, a detector and an object positioned therebetween. Prior Art

[0002] The present invention finds application in X-ray materials testing. Industrial companies, such as the automotive industry or electronics manufacturers, utilize X-ray systems to test the properties of objects, particularly components, within the context of X-ray materials testing. The use of X-rays for imaging allows for the inspection of hidden structures without damaging the object.

[0003] Testing is performed in an X-ray system comprising an X-ray tube (hereinafter referred to as the tube) and an X-ray detector (hereinafter referred to as the detector) as the imaging system. The object to be inspected is positioned between them. Depending on the X-ray system, some or all of the three components described can be moved in a translational and / or rotational manner. The entire system is positioned in a radiation-protected cabin (hereinafter referred to as the cabin). Because the geometry of the image produced by the X-ray system depends on the focus of the tube, the tube will be referred to simply as the focus in the following text.

[0004] In non-destructive testing of larger, planar components, such as printed circuit boards (PCBs), very high magnifications and, therefore, resolutions can be achieved in 2D images. However, since this only involves projections through the entire object, all structures contained in the object overlap in the recorded image, and no conclusions can be drawn about the depth position of individual components. Computed tomography (CT), which observes the object from many different angles across 360°, offers the possibility of obtaining additional depth information. The three-dimensional object is then reconstructed from these images, resulting in the spatial position of all components being determined. However, since the object must rotate once during this recording without colliding with the system's components, it is not possible to achieve a magnification M as high as in 2D testing, as this is determined by the focus-to-detector distance (FDD) and the focus-to-object distance (FOD) (M = FDD / FOD). Therefore, for 2D testing, the thickness of the object is crucial for the achievable resolution, while in the case of CT images, the width of the object has a limiting effect.

[0005] In the context of this application, an object means an item that extends many times further in two dimensions (of surface area) than in its third dimension (which is called depth).

[0006] The following laminography methods are known from the current state of the art:

[0007] In circular / elliptical laminography, the tube and detector are moved along a circular or elliptical path, in each case in opposite directions, in parallel planes. Therefore, this laminography method requires a system in which both the detector and the tube, and / or the object (which can be moved equivalently), have a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis. This allows for good sampling in Fourier space but cannot be used in systems lacking at least one of the required axes.

[0008] In translational laminography, the tube and detector are stationary, while the object is completely translated across the field of view by a manipulator positioned at a constant distance from the tube. This movement corresponds to a rotation of the object to the beam's exit angle in parallel beam geometry. This angle is limited by the size of the detector and the distance between the tube and the detector (assuming the detector is fully illuminated). The following applies: the larger the beam's exit angle, the better the system's depth resolution, and the better structures positioned one above the other can be imaged independently of one another. However, for larger magnifications, where the detector is positioned at the maximum distance from the tube, this angle is at its smallest, resulting in the lowest depth resolution of the system.

[0009] Swinging tomography is also known as limited-angle CT. Unlike conventional CT, the object can be rotated only through a limited angle by a manipulator, limited by geometric constraints (the object must not collide with system components during rotation). The greater the range of possible rotation angles, the better the depth resolution. However, since high resolution requires the object to be moved as close to the source as possible, the achievable tomography angle, and therefore the depth resolution, can be very small. This is because the larger, planar objects for which this scanning method is particularly well suited do not tolerate large angles. Due to the significant beam angle, some areas of the object may never be radiographed perpendicularly, resulting in structures present there being incorrectly resolved.

[0010] Linear tomography is very similar to oscillating tomography. In the absence of object rotation, linear motors can be used to translate the tube and detector instead. Rotation can also be achieved by opposing linear movements of the tube and detector (similar to circular tomography). Unlike oscillating tomography, the likelihood of collisions between the object and system components is greatly reduced because all components remain at a constant distance from one another and no actual rotation occurs. However, the tomography angle is limited by the range of movement of the tube and detector and, for small CT systems, is practically less than 15° to 20°. Furthermore, depending on the object geometry, the angular range can be quite asymmetric. Consequently, the depth resolution within the reconstructed volume varies significantly, and structures may no longer be well resolved in some parts of the object because they were never radiographed perpendicularly. This behavior can also occur with oscillating tomography.

[0011] In rotational laminography, a planar object is rotated once completely about an axis perpendicular to the object surface and tilted relative to the optical axis (either by physically tilting the axis of rotation or by tilting the detector). Therefore, this method requires a system with an axis that corresponds to either object rotation or detector tilt. Systems with this design can achieve very large laminography angles, in the region of approximately 60°, enabling very good depth resolution. However, systems without a corresponding tilt axis cannot use this method.

[0012] When it comes to high-resolution 3D representations of larger, planar parts, 2D testing and 3D reconstruction using CT methods have different advantages and disadvantages. In a 2D image, all components of the object are superimposed, and it's not clear which structures lie in which plane. If a slice through a CT volume is viewed, many structures (such as small holes) in a printed circuit board, for example, cannot be resolved. Furthermore, in conventional laminography methods, as described above, in a laminography volume, unlike in CT, structures from layers located above or below may also be partially visible, where they appear only blurry.

[0013] In the known laminography methods used as the starting point for the present invention, projections of the object are recorded at various angles at high magnification. However, unlike in CT, complete data from 360° (or 180° + the angle of view) of the object is not available, but only from a very small angular range. This allows conclusions to be drawn about the position of individual components along the depth, but the resolution in this spatial direction is low and depends on the achieved laminography angle. The greater the angular range over which projections can be recorded, the better the depth resolution. The choice of laminography method in a particular system depends largely on its design. Summary of the Invention

[0014] The object of the present invention is to provide a method with which a high resolution of 2D testing can be achieved while at the same time also obtaining information about the position of individual components of an object in depth.

[0015] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features of any one of claims 1 to 4. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the appended claims.

[0016] According to them, the object is achieved by a method in which the trajectory of a component of an X-ray system comprises two different partial trajectories: a vertical partial trajectory and a horizontal partial trajectory. For each of the partial trajectories, two equivalent alternatives are possible. For example, the first partial trajectory can be formed by two vertical movements of the object through a cone beam, wherein these movements are performed one after another at two different vertically tilted positions of an imaging system consisting of a tube and a detector, wherein the central ray of the cone beam of the tube strikes the detector centrally but not at a right angle. Alternatively, the first partial trajectory can be a vertical movement of the object through the cone beam tilted about a horizontal axis at two different angles, wherein the tube and the detector are relative to each other so that the central ray of the cone beam strikes the detector perpendicularly at its zero coordinate. Two equivalent movements of the second partial trajectory also exist. On the one hand, it is possible to rotate the object about a vertical axis by two different angles, for example, where the geometry of the stationary imaging system is such that the central ray strikes the detector perpendicularly at its zero coordinate, and in each case the object is translated horizontally through one of the cone beams for each of the two angles. On the other hand, the object can be moved horizontally through the cone beam, one after another, at two different vertically tilted positions of the imaging system consisting of a tube and a detector, where the central ray of the tube cone strikes the detector centrally but not at a right angle. The combination of rotation and translation according to the present invention achieves a better depth resolution than previously known methods. The four solutions of the independent technical solutions are possible combinations of one of the two first partial trajectories and one of the two second partial trajectories in each case.

[0017] An advantageous development of the invention provides that the object can be moved along the z-axis and the detector can be moved along the zd-axis. Thus, the magnification can be varied depending on the object being inspected.

[0018] An advantageous development of the invention provides that during each X-ray image, the detector is fully illuminated by the cone beam, thereby achieving a larger field of view.

[0019] Another advantageous development of the invention provides for the tube to be rotatable about the y-axis and / or the tube to be rotatable about the x-axis and / or the detector to be rotatable about the yd-axis and / or the detector to be rotatable about the xd-axis. By rotating one of the tubes, the detector can still be fully illuminated even when the rotation angle is so large that the opening angle of the cone beam no longer fully illuminates the detector.

[0020] An advantageous development of the invention provides that the central ray is always perpendicular to the surface of the detector, with the result that a constant magnification is achieved over the entire field of view.

[0021] An advantageous development of the invention provides that the object travels to the right through the cone beam during each partial trajectory. This prevents the depth resolution from being significantly reduced at the edges of the object.

[0022] A symmetrical movement of a component can be performed using various partial trajectories. However, an asymmetrical movement is often implemented because this allows for a specific response to the individual case, and in each case, the maximum slice angle can be used, thus achieving the maximum depth resolution. The coordinates assigned to an axis (such as, for example, y1 and y2) in each case are not absolute values ​​but rather directional (thus, vectorial); therefore, as long as they point in opposite directions, their absolute values ​​are equal, enabling the implementation of the trajectory according to the present invention. The same applies to the angles assigned to a rotation axis (e.g., θ1 and θr). Simple diagram description

[0023] Further details and advantages of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the system geometry of an X-ray system having one of the possible translation and rotation axes; Figure 2a is a schematic representation of a first alternative example of a vertical trajectory; Figure 2b is divided into two parts still shown together in Figure 2a represents the two configurations; Figure 2c is a representation of one of the processes of edge light during recording in an object in the case of a vertical track; Figure 3a is a schematic representation of a first alternative example of a horizontal trajectory; Figure 3b is divided into two parts still shown together in Figure 3a represents the two configurations; Figure 3c is a representation of the course of a marginal ray and a further ray during recording in an object in the case of a horizontal track; Figure 4 is in the case of only translation, only rotation and in the case of a combination of translation and rotation of a lateral layer of a printed circuit board; FIG. 5 shows the horizontal layers of the printed circuit board from FIG. 4 in the case of only translation, only rotation, and in the case of a combination of translation and rotation. Implementation Method

[0024] FIG1 schematically shows the system geometry of an X-ray system with a tube 1, an object 4, and a detector 3, wherein their respective possible translation and rotation axes are indicated. In the following, only the translation and rotation axes that are important for the present invention are described; the other axes also shown in FIG1 are not described. The rotation axis has an index r, while the translation axis has no index indicating the translation.

[0025] Starting from its focal point 2, the tube 1 defines a first Cartesian coordinate system, in which the central ray 14 of the emitted cone beam 10 of X-radiation forms the z-axis. The vertical direction is the y-axis, and the remaining horizontal direction (except for the z-axis, which also extends horizontally) is the x-axis. The y-axis can be formed not only as a translation axis but also as a rotation axis; thus, the cone beam 10 can be repositioned if a highly tilted geometry exists, in which the detector 3 would be outside the cone beam 10 if the tube 1 were not rotated. However, since rotation is not used in the described embodiment of the present invention, the representation of one of these axes is omitted. With respect to the embodiment of the present invention, the depicted position of the tube 1 is referred to as the central position.

[0026] Detector 3 is a flat detector; in FIG1 , it is formed as a square, but this is not intended to be limiting. Central light 14 of tube 1 strikes detector 3 centrally, thereby defining the origin of a second Cartesian coordinate system. The axes of this detector coordinate system have the index d. The zd axis extends vertically and horizontally on its surface, co-ordinately with the z axis of tube 1. The vertical direction extending through detector 3 is also referred to here as the yd axis, and the horizontal direction extending through detector 3 is referred to as the xd axis. In this embodiment of the present invention, the illustrated position of detector 3 is referred to as the central position.

[0027] An object 4, whose axis has index o, is positioned between tube 1 and detector 3. In this embodiment of the present invention, the indicated position of object 4 is referred to as the neutral position 5, in which no rotation (and no translation) has occurred. A third Cartesian coordinate system is assigned to object 4, with its origin located at a point on the central ray of tube 1 (thus, the z-axis). In the neutral position 5 of object 4, the z-axis extends horizontally along the z-axis. The y-axis extends vertically, and in the indicated neutral position 5 of object 4, the xo-axis extends horizontally parallel to the xd-axis of detector 3. In addition to the three translation axes, object 4 also has two rotation axes. The xo-axis and the y-axis are also rotational axes, and therefore also the xro-axis and yro-axis (although these axes can also be replaced by equivalent movements of tube 1 and detector 3).

[0028] FIG1 also shows the distance of the axis yo from the focal point 2 (FOD) and the distance of the detector 3 from the focal point 2 along the central ray 14 (FDD). On this basis, the magnification M of the represented geometry can be determined; as already indicated above, it is equal to FDD / FOD.

[0029] It goes without saying for the person skilled in the art that the orientation of the axes in FIG. 1 is not limiting, but that the invention also comprises all other orientations, thus, for example, the z-axis extending vertically or the case where the entire system is tilted by a (desired) angle about the x-axis and / or one of the other two axes (y-axis and z-axis).

[0030] The X-ray system additionally includes a storage device in which the data of the individual X-ray images are stored, and a processing device which, together with a display device connected thereto (such as, for example, a monitor) on which the reconstruction can be viewed, enables the reconstruction of the object 4 using this data. The component tube 1, the object 4, and the detector 3 are arranged in a radiation-protected cabin so that the X-rays used do not cause any harm to the health of anyone nearby. Those skilled in the art are familiar with the above-mentioned components, their design, their interaction, and their configuration, and therefore further description thereof can be omitted.

[0031] For the trajectory according to the invention described in Figures 2 and 3, an X-ray system is required in which the tube 1 can perform a y translation (y axis), the detector 3 can perform both a y translation (yd axis) and a z translation (zd axis), which is necessary for adjusting the magnification, and in which, in addition to a translation along each of its three axes (xo, yo and zo axes), the object 4 can also perform one of two rotations about the xo axis (hence its name xro axis - where this axis can also be replaced by an equivalent translation of the tube 1 or of the object 4 and the detector 3) and about the yo axis (hence its name yro axis - where this axis can also be replaced by an equivalent translation of the tube 1 or of the object 4 and the detector 3).

[0032] FIG2a and FIG2b are side views, and therefore, are actually views in the x-direction, schematically showing the three components of the X-ray system: tube 1, object 4, and detector 3. Vertical trajectories are described with reference to these figures, with the difference between the two figures being that two relevant positions are still shown together in FIG2a , while they are shown separately in FIG2b . In each case, the views correspond to the yz plane.

[0033] Tube 1 emits a cone beam with a half-angle φ that illuminates the entire detector 3 along the yd-axis. This complete illumination occurs both when the detector 3 is at its upper and lower endpoints. The two endpoints of the detector 3 lie on the yd-axis, differing by yd1 or yd2, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, these distances are opposite and equal, resulting in a symmetrical design about the z-axis. Simultaneously, tube 1 has been moved to either its lower or upper endpoint. At the two endpoints of the detector 3, the coordinate origin of the first Cartesian coordinate system lies on the y-axis, differing by a second distance y1 or a sixth distance y2, respectively, relative to the y-axis in the center of the tube 1. These distances are opposite and equal, resulting in a symmetrical design about the z-axis. The distances yd1 and y1, or yd2 and y2, respectively, are matched to each other depending on the magnification M (FDD / FOD). The axis of the central light 11 of the cone beam 10 is tilted relative to the z-axis by an angle θ or -θ, respectively. In the exemplary embodiment, the following values ​​exist: FDD = 1200 mm, FOD = 500 mm, yd1 = +547 mm, yd2 = -547 mm, y1 = -391 mm, y2 = +391 mm, θ = 38°, θ1 = 8°, θ' = 46°.

[0034] Figure 2b also shows the translation of object 4. In the configuration with tube 1 at its lower endpoint and detector 3 at its upper endpoint (left part of Figure 2b), object 4 passes through cone beam 10 once to the right along the yo axis. In a mirror-inverted configuration, object 4 passes through cone beam 10 once when tube 1 is at its upper endpoint and detector 3 is at its lower endpoint. The endpoints and their equidistances correspond to those according to Figure 2a. Along the translation (regardless of whether it is performed from top to bottom or bottom to top), an X-ray image is produced for each movement of object 4 through cone beam 10 of a predefinable distance of ~10 mm (thus, 100 X-ray images for the entire vertical trajectory 100).

[0035] FIG2c shows the patterns of two marginal rays 13 formed during the translation of object 4 according to the scenario shown on the left side of FIG2b. The angle between these patterns and the z-axis in object 4 is θ′. For the upper marginal ray 13 according to the scenario on the left side of FIG2b, this is the sum of the tilt angle θ indicated above and the upper partial angle θ1 of cone beam 10—this is shown in the left portion of FIG2c. The right portion of FIG2c shows the corresponding pattern of the lower marginal ray 13 according to the configuration on the left side of FIG2b. Here, the resulting angle is the difference between θ and the lower partial angle θ2. The two partial angles θ1 and θ2 depend on the geometry of the X-ray system, in particular on the field of view (FOD), field of view (FDD), and θ. For the scenario on the right side of FIG2b, the result is a mirror image of the pattern shown in FIG2c. Since, as stated above, θ′ is 8° greater than θ, the laminographic angle of the vertical track is 46°, resulting in a higher depth resolution.

[0036] In addition to the design of the vertical track described with respect to FIG. 2 , a horizontal track is also provided according to the present invention and is explained below with reference to FIG. 3 .

[0037] Figures 3a and 3b are top views, and therefore, in fact, views in the y-direction, schematically illustrating the three components of the X-ray system: tube 1, object 4, and detector 3. Horizontal trajectories are described with reference to these figures, with the two scenarios for performing translational movements still shown together in Figure 3a and separately in Figure 3b. The views correspond to the xz plane.

[0038] When traveling through the horizontal track, there is always a beam geometry with half the opening angle φ, as described above for translational laminography and in FIG. 1 , in which the entire detector 3 is illuminated continuously along the xd axis.

[0039] Object 4 is rotated about the y-axis from its neutral position by a first rotation angle βl (left-hand side of FIG. 3b ). On the right-hand side of FIG. 3b , object 4 is rotated in the opposite direction by a second rotation angle βr (starting from the neutral position of object 4). In the illustrated case, the absolute values ​​of these two rotation angles are the same (15°) but point in opposite directions. This results in a larger layered imaging angle, corresponding to the sum of the half-frame angle φ and the first / second rotation angles βl / βr. This enables greater depth resolution.

[0040] The translation along the xo axis can be clearly seen in Figure 3b. Object 4 is moved rightward through cone beam 10 parallel to the x-axis, passing through it once in a configuration in which object 4 is rotated from its neutral position 5 by a first rotation angle βl (shown on the left in Figure 3b), and once in a mirror-symmetrical configuration when object 4 is rotated from its neutral position 5 by a second rotation angle βr (shown on the right in Figure 3b). During the translation, 50 X-ray images are produced along the direction of movement at a predefined distance (which, in this embodiment, is the same as in the case of a perpendicular trajectory) for each movement of the object through the cone beam. The direction of movement (whether in the positive or negative x-direction) is irrelevant; therefore, the desired X-ray image can be produced, for example, in a single back-and-forth movement.

[0041] FIG3c shows the pattern of the upper edge ray 13 and the further ray 12 (located within the cone beam 10 and shown below the central ray 11 in this figure) in FIG3b . According to the scenario on the right side of FIG3b , the angle between these patterns and the z-axis in object 4 for the upper edge ray 13 is φ + βl. This is shown in the left portion of FIG3c . The representation of the right portion of FIG3c is the corresponding pattern of light, which is shown as continuous and slightly extending below the central ray 14 in the left portion of FIG3b . The resulting angle in the left portion of FIG3c is 30°. Thus, compared to translational laminography, in which the laminography angle is determined by the half-angle φ (here 15°), a larger laminography angle is achieved, corresponding to the sum of φ and the first and second rotation angles βl / βr. This enables a greater depth resolution.

[0042] Volume data are then generated from the projections with the aid of a suitable reconstruction method known to those skilled in the art.

[0043] Figure 4 shows an exemplary transverse layer (side view) of a printed circuit board (here, object 4) recorded using three different tomography methods, corresponding to the method of Figure 2 . From this orientation, the structures shown (here, a BGA) should appear circular. However, the reduced depth resolution of tomography methods compared to CT scanning leads to blurring of structures, which is more pronounced at smaller tomography angles. The left-hand side shows the results of translational tomography (horizontal and vertical). Here, the depth resolution is limited by the X-ray field angle (~20°). In the center, the results of a combination of linear (vertical) and oscillating (horizontal) tomography can be seen, where better depth resolution is achieved due to the larger possible angular range (in this case, vertical: ~20°, horizontal: ~55°). The right-hand side shows the results for a method according to the present invention. In this case, the best depth resolution is achieved due to the maximum possible tomography angle range (vertical: ~40°, horizontal: ~75°). The above-mentioned actual circular shape of the structure is most closely achieved by a combination of translation and rotation.

[0044] Figure 5 shows an exemplary reconstructed transverse layer of the printed circuit board from Figure 4, recorded using the same laminography method as shown in Figure 4 and according to the method of Figure 3 . The different depth resolutions of the different methods are also clearly visible here. This is because only the ring-shaped structures in this layer should be visible, while the circular BGA structures located in other layers become increasingly invisible as the laminography angle increases (from left to right). Furthermore, a potential disadvantage of linear laminography, which can arise with asymmetric angles (and should also be visible with oscillating laminography, given the corresponding range of angles), can be seen here. The smaller of the two angles (~5° compared to ~15° in the other direction) combined with the X-ray aperture angle results in ring structures not being vertically radiographed in the entire image area, resulting in them being incorrectly resolved. This is visible in the area above the intermediate image. In the other two methods, translation of the object 4 prevents this artifact.

[0045] In summary, it can be said that in the present invention, in order to increase the angular range of laminography, two trajectories are combined in a suitable manner, resulting in a translation of the object 4 in a rotated state in both the horizontal and vertical directions through the field of view (wherein object rotation in the vertical direction can also be achieved by a simultaneous displacement of the tube 1 and the detector 3, and this can also occur in the horizontal direction when corresponding axes exist). A laminography method is implemented that combines an object rotation with a translation, in which the horizontal and vertical directions are observed independently of one another, resulting in a trajectory that resembles a cross.

[0046] To increase the angular range of laminography, the present invention combines two trajectories (vertical and horizontal) in a suitable manner, resulting in the object 4 being moved through the field of view in a rotated state in both the horizontal and vertical directions. In each case, the procedure only approaches the maximum possible angle in four spatial directions (top, bottom, left, and right). As a result, in the simplest case, the object 4 is moved through the field of view twice in both the horizontal and vertical directions. It is not absolutely necessary that the maximum possible angle be symmetrical in each case, respectively, in the horizontal and vertical directions. If an angular range greater than the aperture angle of the cone beam 10 can be achieved, then, in addition to the maximum angle, intermediate angles are also approached, and the number of translations through the field of view increases accordingly.

[0047] 1: (X-ray) tube 2: Focus 3: (X-ray) detector 4:Object 5: Neutral position 10: Cone Beam 11: Central light 12: Further Light 13: Rim Light 14: Central Light

Claims

1. A method for reconstructing volume data in a planar object (4) using an X-ray system, the X-ray system having three imaging components: a tube (1), a detector (3), and an object (4) positioned therebetween, wherein the tube (1) has a focal point (2) at a central position of the tube (1) forming the origin of a first Cartesian coordinate system and emitting a conical beam (10), the central ray (14) of the conical beam (10) forming the z-axis of the first coordinate system and the x-axis extending horizontally, wherein at a central position of the detector (3), the central ray (14) perpendicularly illuminates the detector (3), and this point of impact forms the origin of a second Cartesian coordinate system, the zd-axis of the second Cartesian coordinate system at the central position of the detector (3) being the same as the z-axis at the central position of the tube (1) and the xd-axis extending horizontally. In one of the neutral positions (5) of the object (4), the object (4) has a third Cartesian coordinate system, the origin of which is the intersection point between the central ray (14) of the central position of the tube (1) and one of the vertically extending rotation axes of the object (4). The z-axis of the third Cartesian coordinate system in the neutral position (5) of the object (4) coincides with the central ray (14) of the central position of the tube (1), and the xo-axis of the third Cartesian coordinate system in the neutral position (5) of the object (4) extends parallel to the x-axis of the central position of the tube (1). At least two of the three imaging components are movable along their respective y-axis, so the tube (1) moves along the y-axis according to its central position, the detector (3) moves along the yd-axis according to its central position, and the object (4) moves along the yo-axis according to its neutral position (5). The object (4) can move along the xo axis according to its neutral position (5) and rotate about the yo axis according to its neutral position (5), and travels through a vertical trajectory by means of the following steps: a1) move at least two of the three imaging components into a set, wherein at least two of the three imaging components are positioned outside the basic position, the z, zo and zd axes extend parallel to each other, the x, xo and xd axes extend parallel to each other, and there is a first rotation angle θu between a central ray (11) and the z axis in the yz plane, wherein the detector (3) has a yd1 coordinate and the tube (1) has a y1 coordinate, wherein a central ray (11) illuminates the detector (3) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system; b1) Next, the object (4) is moved along the yo axis from a first endpoint to a second endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the first endpoint has a yo1 coordinate and the second endpoint has a yo2 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray.c1) Next, at least two of the three imaging components are moved into a set state, wherein at least two of the three imaging components are positioned outside the basic position, the z, z0 and zd axes extend parallel to each other, the x, xo and xd axes extend parallel to each other, and there is a second rotation angle θo between a central ray (11) and the z axis in the yz plane, wherein the detector (3) has a yd2 coordinate and the tube (1) has a y2 coordinate, and the central ray (11) illuminates the detector (3) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system, wherein y2 ≠ y1 and yd2 ≠ yd1; d1) Next, the object (4) is moved along the yo axis from a third endpoint to a fourth endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the third endpoint has a yo3 coordinate and the fourth endpoint has a yo4 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray; traveling through a horizontal trajectory using the following steps: e1) the tube (1), the detector (3) and the object (4) are moved into a set configuration, wherein the tube (1) and the detector (3) are positioned in their respective central positions and the object (4) is positioned in its neutral position (5); f1) Next, the object (4) is rotated about the yo axis from its neutral position (5) to a first rotation angle βl and the object (4) is moved parallel to the x-axis of the tube (1) in its central position from a fifth endpoint to a sixth endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the fifth endpoint has an xo1 coordinate and the sixth endpoint has an xo2 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray; g1) Next, the object (4) is rotated about the yo axis by a second rotation angle βr, where βr ≠ βl, and the object (4) is moved from a seventh endpoint to an eighth endpoint parallel to the x-axis of the tube (1) in its central position, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the seventh endpoint has approximately an xo3 coordinate and the eighth endpoint has an xo4 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray.

2. A method for reconstructing volume data in a planar object (4) using an X-ray system, the X-ray system having three imaging components: a tube (1), a detector (3), and an object (4) positioned therebetween, wherein the tube (1) has a focal point (2) at a central position of the tube (1) forming the origin of a first Cartesian coordinate system and emitting a conical beam (10), the central ray (14) of the conical beam (10) forming the z-axis of the first coordinate system and the x-axis extending horizontally, wherein at a central position of the detector (3), the central ray (14) perpendicularly illuminates the detector (3), and this point of impact forms the origin of a second Cartesian coordinate system, the zd-axis of the second Cartesian coordinate system at the central position of the detector (3) being the same as the z-axis at the central position of the tube (1) and the xd-axis extending horizontally. In one of the neutral positions (5) of the object (4), the object (4) has a third Cartesian coordinate system. The origin of the third Cartesian coordinate system is the intersection point between the central ray (14) of the central position of the tube (1) and one of the vertically extending rotational axes of the object (4). The z-axis of the third Cartesian coordinate system in the neutral position (5) of the object (4) coincides with the central ray (14) of the central position of the tube (1), and the xo-axis of the third Cartesian coordinate system in the neutral position (5) of the object (4) extends parallel to the x-axis of the central position of the tube (1). At least two of the three imaging components are movable along their respective y-axis and their respective x-axis, so that the tube (1) moves along the y-axis / x-axis according to its central position, the detector (3) moves along the yd-axis / xd-axis according to its central position, and the object (4) moves along the yo-axis / xo-axis according to its central position (5), which has the following steps: traveling through a vertical trajectory by means of the following steps: a2) moving at least two of the three imaging components into a set, wherein at least two of the three imaging components are positioned outside the basic position, the z, zo and zd axes extend parallel to each other, the x, xo and xd axes extend parallel to each other, and there is a first rotation angle θu between a central ray and the z-axis in the yz plane, wherein the detector (3) has a yd1 coordinate and the tube (1) has a y1 coordinate, wherein a central ray (11) illuminates the detector (3) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system; b2) Next, the object (4) is moved along the yo axis from a first endpoint to a second endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the first endpoint has a yo1 coordinate and the second endpoint has a yo2 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray.c2) Next, at least two of the three imaging components are moved into a set state, wherein at least two of the three imaging components are positioned outside the basic position, the z, z0 and zd axes extend parallel to each other, the x, xo and xd axes extend parallel to each other, and there is a second rotation angle θo between a central ray and the z axis in the yz plane, wherein the detector (3) has a yd2 coordinate and the tube (1) has a y2 coordinate, and the central ray (11) illuminates the detector (3) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system, wherein y2 ≠ y1 and yd2 ≠ yd1; d2) Next, the object (4) is moved along the yo axis from a third endpoint to a fourth endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the third endpoint has a yo3 coordinate and the fourth endpoint has a yo4 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray; traveling through a horizontal trajectory using the following steps: e2) At least two of the three imaging components are moved into a set, wherein at least two of the three imaging components are positioned outside the basic position, the z, zo and zd axes extend parallel to each other, the x, xo and xd axes extend parallel to each other, and there is a first rotation angle βl between a central ray (11) and the z axis in the xz plane, wherein the detector (3) has an xd1 coordinate and the tube (1) has an x1 coordinate, wherein a central ray (11) illuminates the detector (3) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system; f2) Next, the object (4) is moved along the xo axis from a fifth endpoint to a sixth endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the fifth endpoint has an xo1 coordinate and the sixth endpoint has an xo2 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray; g2) Next, at least two of the three imaging components are moved into a set configuration, wherein at least two of the three imaging components are positioned outside the basic position, the z, zo, and zd axes extend parallel to each other, the x, xo, and xd axes extend parallel to each other, and a second rotation angle βr exists between a central ray (11) and the z axis in the xz plane, wherein the detector (3) has an xd2 coordinate and the tube (1) has an x2 coordinate, and the central ray (11) illuminates the detector (3) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system, wherein x2 ≠ x1 and xd2 ≠ xd1; h2) Next, the object (4) is moved along the xo axis from a seventh endpoint to an eighth endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the seventh endpoint has an xo3 coordinate and the eighth endpoint has an xo4 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray.

3. A method for reconstructing volume data in a planar object (4) using an X-ray system, the X-ray system having three imaging components: a tube (1), a detector (3), and an object (4) positioned therebetween, wherein the tube (1) has a focal point (2) at a central position of the tube (1) forming the origin of a first Cartesian coordinate system and emitting a conical beam (10), the central ray (14) of the conical beam (10) forming the z-axis of the first coordinate system and the x-axis extending horizontally, wherein at a central position of the detector (3), the central ray (14) perpendicularly illuminates the detector (3), and this point of impact forms the origin of a second Cartesian coordinate system, the zd-axis of the second Cartesian coordinate system at the central position of the detector (3) being the same as the z-axis at the central position of the tube (1) and the xd-axis extending horizontally. In one of the neutral positions (5) of the object (4), the object (4) has a third Cartesian coordinate system. The origin of the third Cartesian coordinate system is the intersection point between the central ray (14) of the central position of the tube (1) and one of the vertically extending rotational axes of the object (4). The z-axis of the third Cartesian coordinate system in the neutral position (5) of the object (4) coincides with the central ray (14) of the central position of the tube (1), and the xo-axis of the third Cartesian coordinate system in the neutral position (5) of the object (4) extends parallel to the x-axis of the central position of the tube (1). The tube (1) can move along the y-axis according to its central position. At least two of the three imaging components are movable along their respective x-axis, so the tube (1) is along the x-axis according to its central position, the detector (3) is along the xd-axis according to its central position, and the object (4) is along the xo-axis according to its neutral position (5), wherein the object (4) is movable along the yo-axis according to its neutral position (5) and in each case is rotatable about the xo-axis according to its neutral position (5), having the following steps: traveling through a vertical trajectory by means of the following steps: a3) moving the three imaging components to a basic position in which the z, zo and zd axes coincide and the x, xo and xd axes extend parallel to each other, and rotating the object (4) about the xo-axis by a first rotation angle θu; b3) Next, the object (4) is moved along the yo axis from a first endpoint to a second endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the first endpoint has a yo1 coordinate and the second endpoint has a yo2 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray; c3) Next, the object (4) is rotated about the xo axis by a second rotation angle θo, which is different from the first rotation angle θu;d3) Next, the object (4) is moved along the yo axis from a third endpoint to a fourth endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the third endpoint has a yo3 coordinate and the fourth endpoint has a yo4 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray; traveling through a horizontal trajectory using the following steps: e3) At least two of the three imaging components are moved into a set configuration, wherein at least two of the three imaging components are positioned outside the basic position, the z, zo and zd axes extend parallel to each other, the x, xo and xd axes extend parallel to each other, and there is a first rotation angle βl between a central ray (11) and the z axis in the xz plane, wherein the detector (3) has an xd1 coordinate and the tube (1) has an x1 coordinate, wherein a central ray (11) illuminates the detector (3) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system; f3) Next, the object (4) is moved along the xo axis from a fifth endpoint to a sixth endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the fifth endpoint has an xo1 coordinate and the sixth endpoint has an xo2 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray; g3) Next, at least two of the three imaging components are moved into a set configuration, wherein at least two of the three imaging components are positioned outside the basic position, the z, zo, and zd axes extend parallel to each other, the x, xo, and xd axes extend parallel to each other, and a second rotation angle βr exists between a central ray (11) and the z axis in the xz plane, wherein the detector (3) has an xd2 coordinate and the tube (1) has an x2 coordinate, and the central ray (11) illuminates the detector (3) at the origin of the second Cartesian coordinate system, wherein x2 ≠ x1 and xd2 ≠ xd1; h3) Next, the object (4) is moved along the xo axis from a seventh endpoint to an eighth endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the seventh endpoint has an xo3 coordinate and the eighth endpoint has an xo4 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray.

4. A method for reconstructing volume data in a planar object (4) using an X-ray system, the X-ray system having three imaging components: a tube (1), a detector (3), and an object (4) positioned therebetween, wherein the tube (1) has a focal point (2) at a central position of the tube (1) forming the origin of a first Cartesian coordinate system and emitting a conical beam (10), the central ray (14) of the conical beam (10) forming the z-axis of the first coordinate system and the x-axis extending horizontally, wherein at a central position of the detector (3), the central ray (14) perpendicularly illuminates the detector (3), and this point of impact forms the origin of a second Cartesian coordinate system, the zd-axis of the second Cartesian coordinate system at the central position of the detector (3) being the same as the z-axis at the central position of the tube (1) and the xd-axis extending horizontally. In one of the neutral positions (5) of the object (4), the object (4) has a third Cartesian coordinate system, the origin of which is the intersection point between the central ray of the tube (1) at the central position and a vertically extending rotation axis of the object (4). The zo axis of the third Cartesian coordinate system in the neutral position of the object (4) coincides with the central ray (14) in the central position of the tube (1), and the xo axis of the third Cartesian coordinate system in the neutral position (5) of the object (4) is parallel to the x-axis in the central position of the tube (1). The object (4) can move along the xo axis and yo axis according to its neutral position (5) in each case, and can rotate about the xo axis and yo axis according to its neutral position (5). It has the following steps: traveling through a vertical trajectory using the following steps: a4) Move the three imaging components to a basic position, wherein the z, z0, and zd axes coincide and the x, xo, and xd axes extend parallel to each other, and rotate the object (4) about the xo axis by a first rotation angle θu; b4) Then, move the object (4) along the yo axis from a first endpoint to a second endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the first endpoint has a yo1 coordinate and the second endpoint has a yo2 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray; c4) Then, rotate the object (4) about the xo axis by a second rotation angle θo different from the first rotation angle θu; d4) Next, the object (4) is moved along the yo axis from a third endpoint to a fourth endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the third endpoint has a yo3 coordinate and the fourth endpoint has a yo4 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray.The object (4) is moved along a horizontal trajectory using the following steps: e4) the tube (1), the detector (3) and the object (4) are moved into a group, wherein the tube (1) and the detector (3) are positioned in their respective central positions and the object (4) is positioned in a neutral position (5); f4) the object (4) is then rotated about the yo axis from the neutral position (5) to a first rotation angle βl and the object (4) is moved parallel to the x-axis of the tube (1) in its central position from a fifth endpoint to a sixth endpoint, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the fifth endpoint has an xo1 coordinate and the sixth endpoint has an xo2 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray; g4) Next, the object (4) is rotated about the yo axis by a second rotation angle βr, where βr ≠ βl, and the object (4) is moved from a seventh endpoint to an eighth endpoint parallel to the x-axis of the tube (1) in its central position, wherein an X-ray image stored in a storage medium is created along the predefined distance of the movement, wherein the seventh endpoint has approximately an xo3 coordinate and the eighth endpoint has an xo4 coordinate, wherein the object (4) has at least partially traveled through the X-ray.

5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the object (4) is movable along the zo axis and the detector (3) is movable along the zd axis.

6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein during the capture of each X-ray image, the detector (3) is fully illuminated by the cone beam (10).

7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tube (1) is rotatable about the y-axis and / or the tube (1) is rotatable about the x-axis and / or the detector (3) is rotatable about the yd-axis and / or the detector (3) is rotatable about the xd-axis.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the central ray (11) is always perpendicular to the surface of the detector (3).

9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the object (4) travels to the right through the cone bundle (10) during the partial trajectory.

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