A design method and apparatus for impedance matching, and a computer-readable storage medium

Abstract

An impedance matching design method and apparatus, and a readable storage medium, the method comprising: acquiring a sample of a matching network for impedance matching, the sample comprising at least one variable element; obtaining the impedance parameters of the matching network corresponding to a finite number of values ​​of the variable element by actual measurement of the sample, and constructing a set of measured impedance characteristics; determining a mathematical model reflecting the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element based on the set of measured impedance characteristics; and predicting the values ​​of the variable element that meet the impedance matching requirements based on the mathematical model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of radio frequency circuit design, specifically to an impedance matching design method and apparatus, and a readable storage medium. Prior Technology

[0002] Impedance matching is a critical factor in radio frequency circuit design, as it affects signal transmission quality and overall system performance.

[0003] Traditional methods, such as using electromagnetic field simulation software like ADS (Advanced Design System) for impedance matching analysis and design, have some drawbacks and limitations, including: inaccurate simulation models leading to discrepancies between simulation results and actual circuit test results, making it difficult to accurately calculate the optimal matching scheme; the need for recalculation and adjustment when system operating conditions change, a cumbersome and inefficient process; and the high skill level required of designers, necessitating extensive practical experience to operate the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the objectives of this invention is to provide an impedance matching design method and apparatus, as well as a readable storage medium, to address the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: an impedance matching design method, comprising: obtaining a sample of a matching network for impedance matching, the sample containing at least one variable element, wherein the impedance parameters of the matching network can be adjusted by changing the value of the variable element; obtaining the scattering parameters of the matching network corresponding to a finite number of values ​​of the variable element by performing actual measurements on the sample, and obtaining the impedance parameters of the corresponding matching network based on the scattering parameters; constructing a set of measured impedance characteristics by the measured impedance parameters of the matching network and the corresponding values ​​of the variable element; determining a mathematical model reflecting the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element based on the set of measured impedance characteristics; and predicting the values ​​of the variable element that make the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements based on the mathematical model.

[0006] In some embodiments, after predicting the value of the variable element that makes the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements according to the mathematical model, the method further includes: obtaining the measured scattering parameters of the matching network when the variable element is the predicted value, and obtaining the corresponding measured impedance parameters based on the measured scattering parameters; if the measured impedance parameters meet the impedance matching requirements, then setting the predicted value as the target value of the variable element; if the measured impedance parameters do not meet the impedance matching requirements, then adding the measured impedance parameters and the predicted value to the measured impedance characteristic set; determining a new relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the value of the variable element based on the updated measured impedance characteristic set, and optimizing the mathematical model; predicting a new predicted value of the variable element that makes the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements based on the new mathematical model, and repeating the above process until the measured impedance parameters of the matching network corresponding to the new predicted value meet the impedance matching requirements.

[0007] In some embodiments, determining the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable components based on the measured impedance characteristic set includes: using the values ​​of the variable components as the derivatives and the impedance parameters of the matching network as the dependent variables, describing the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable components at each frequency point within the target frequency point or target frequency range using a polynomial function; obtaining the values ​​of all variable components and their corresponding impedance parameters at the same frequency point from the measured impedance characteristic set; and determining the coefficients of the corresponding polynomial function based on the values ​​of all variable components and their corresponding impedance parameters at the same frequency point.

[0008] In some embodiments, the polynomial function is: ;in, Here, N represents the impedance parameters of the matching network at frequency k within the target frequency range, and N is the number of variable elements. Let i be the value of the i-th variable element. for A univariate polynomial.

[0009] In some embodiments, when a new relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable elements is determined based on the updated set of measured impedance characteristics, a higher-order polynomial function is used to fit the functional relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable elements.

[0010] In some embodiments, predicting the value of the variable element that makes the impedance parameter of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements according to a mathematical model includes: predicting the value of the variable element that makes the impedance parameter of the matching network equal to the target impedance using a numerical analysis method based on the functional relationship between the impedance parameter of the matching network and the value of the variable element.

[0011] In some embodiments, the variable element is an inductor or a capacitor.

[0012] This invention also provides an impedance matching design device, comprising: a sample acquisition module for acquiring a sample of a matching network for impedance matching, the sample of the matching network including at least one variable element, the impedance parameters of the matching network being adjustable by changing the value of the variable element; a data collection module for acquiring the scattering parameters of the matching network corresponding to a finite number of variable element values ​​by measuring the sample, and obtaining the impedance parameters of the corresponding matching network based on the scattering parameters; the measured impedance parameters of the matching network and the corresponding variable element values ​​constituting a set of measured impedance characteristics; a model determination module for determining a mathematical model reflecting the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element based on the set of measured impedance characteristics; and a parameter estimation module for predicting, based on the mathematical model, the values ​​of the variable element that make the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements.

[0013] In some embodiments, the data collection module is further configured to acquire the measured scattering parameters of the matching network when the variable element is the predicted value, and obtain the corresponding measured impedance parameters based on the measured scattering parameters; the parameter estimation module is further configured to set the predicted value as the target value of the variable element if the measured impedance parameters meet the impedance matching requirements; the data collection module is further configured to add the measured impedance parameters and the predicted value to the measured impedance characteristic set if the measured impedance parameters do not meet the impedance matching requirements; the model determination module is further configured to determine a new relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the value of the variable element based on the updated measured impedance characteristic set, and optimize the mathematical model; the parameter estimation module is further configured to predict a new predicted value of the variable element that makes the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements based on the new mathematical model.

[0014] The impedance matching design method, apparatus, and readable storage medium provided by this invention offer at least the following advantages: 1. This invention measures the impedance characteristics of a sample by adjusting the values ​​of variable components, obtaining a set of measured impedance characteristics. A mathematical model is then determined based on this set, describing the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable components. Compared to the simulation model of ADS, this mathematical model is more accurate, thus achieving more accurate impedance matching. 2. This invention measures the impedance characteristics of the matching network corresponding to the target values ​​of the variable components predicted by the mathematical model. If the measured results do not meet expectations, the mathematical model is further optimized using the new measured results. Through continuous iterative calculations and optimization, the mathematical model's predictions become increasingly accurate, thus achieving more accurate impedance matching. 3. The improved impedance matching design method of this invention enables automatic adjustment and optimization, reducing manual intervention, improving adjustment efficiency, and achieving high precision. 4. The impedance matching design method improved by this invention can adapt to different RF systems and operating conditions, and has strong versatility and flexibility; it can quickly respond to changes in the system, automatically adjust the matching scheme, and ensure that the system always remains in the best operating state. Simple Explanation of the Diagram

[0015] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the specification, serve to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments disclosed herein. Figure 1 is a flowchart of an impedance matching design method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flowchart of an impedance matching design method according to another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the impedance matching design device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a matching network structure; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of repeated calculations to optimize a mathematical model. Implementation

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the specific implementation methods of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0017] To keep the drawings concise, each figure only schematically shows the parts relevant to the invention and does not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some figures, components with the same structure or function are only schematically drawn or labeled as one. In this document, "one" can mean not only "only one" but also "more than one".

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG1, an impedance matching design method includes: step S100 obtaining a sample of a matching network for impedance matching, the sample containing at least one variable element, the impedance parameters of the matching network can be adjusted by changing the value of the variable element; step S200 obtaining the scattering parameters of the matching network corresponding to a finite number of values ​​of the variable element by performing actual measurements on the sample, and obtaining the impedance parameters of the corresponding matching network based on the scattering parameters; the impedance parameters of the matching network obtained by actual measurement and the corresponding variable element values ​​constitute a set of measured impedance characteristics; step S300 determining a mathematical model reflecting the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element based on the set of measured impedance characteristics; step S400 predicting the values ​​of the variable element that make the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements based on the mathematical model.

[0019] Specifically, impedance matching networks are used to achieve impedance matching between two RF devices, two chips, or two ports of an RF circuit. The purpose of impedance matching is to ensure effective signal transmission between circuit elements with different impedances, achieving maximum transmission power. Impedance mismatch leads to signal reflection and power loss, affecting system performance.

[0020] A matching network includes a matching circuit. The matching circuit can be, but is not limited to, a T-type matching circuit, a π-type matching circuit, a Γ-type matching circuit, or a hybrid matching circuit. The components in the matching circuit include inductors and / or capacitors. Changing the values ​​of the components in the matching circuit can change the input impedance and / or output impedance (i.e., impedance parameters) of the matching network.

[0021] The sample of the matching network implements the structure of the matching network, but at least one component is a variable component whose value can be adjusted, such as a variable inductor or a variable capacitor. The impedance parameter of the sample can be adjusted by changing the value of the variable component in the sample.

[0022] A network analyzer can be used to measure the scattering parameters (i.e., S-parameters) of a matched network when the variable element has a fixed value. The S-parameters describe the relationship between the input and output ports of the network at different frequencies. The S-parameters include the reflection coefficients of the ports (S11, S22) and the transmission coefficients between the ports (S12, S21), and the S-parameters are complex numbers.

[0023] At the same frequency, the reflection coefficient has the following relationship with the input and output impedances of the matching network: , .

[0024] in, To match the network's input impedance, To match the network's output impedance, ZS is the source impedance and ZL is the load impedance. When the input impedance... Matching with the source impedance ZS (i.e.) =ZS), output impedance Matching with the load impedance ZL (i.e.) When the input and output reflection coefficients are equal to ZL, the circuit achieves perfect impedance matching. In practical applications, impedance matching is typically considered achieved simply by keeping the reflection coefficient below a preset threshold.

[0025] Based on the above relationship, the impedance parameters of the corresponding matching network can also be obtained from the reflection coefficient of the S-parameter. For example, the input impedance of the corresponding matching network can be obtained from the reflection coefficient S11 of the input port. The output impedance of the corresponding matching network can be obtained based on the reflection coefficient S22 of the output port. .

[0026] The initial value of the variable element can be arbitrary. The scattering parameters of the matching network with the variable element at its initial value are measured using a network analyzer, and the corresponding impedance parameters are then obtained based on these scattering parameters. The variable element value is then adjusted, and the new scattering parameters are measured again using the network analyzer, along with the calculated new impedance parameters. This process is repeated until M sets of variable element values ​​and their corresponding impedance parameters for the matching network are obtained, where M is not less than 2. These M sets of variable element values ​​and their corresponding impedance parameters for the matching network constitute the set of measured impedance characteristics.

[0027] A mathematical model is established to reflect the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable components: Based on the values ​​of the M sets of variable components in the measured impedance characteristic set and the corresponding impedance parameters of the matching network, the functional relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable components is determined, and this functional relationship defines the mathematical model.

[0028] A suitable mathematical model can be chosen to describe the relationship between the impedance parameter and the values ​​of the variable component. Examples include linear models, polynomial models, exponential models, neural networks, or other complex nonlinear models. Based on the collected data (i.e., the set of measured impedance characteristics), statistical or machine learning methods are used to estimate the parameters of the chosen model, such as least squares, polynomial regression, maximum likelihood estimation, or neural network training. Once the model and parameters are determined, the functional relationship between the impedance parameter and the values ​​of the variable component is established, thus defining the required mathematical model.

[0029] For example, suppose we choose the linear model Z = ax + b, where Z is the impedance at the target frequency, x is the value of the variable element, and a and b are coefficients.

[0030] Based on the measured impedance characteristics of the sample, N sets of data points (x1, Z1), (x2, Z2), ..., (xN, ZN) were collected. The coefficients a and b were estimated using the least squares method. , , , .

[0031] The accuracy of the model can be verified by calculating the R² value or other statistical tests.

[0032] Determining a linear model is relatively simple, but its prediction accuracy is not as good as that of a nonlinear model. The approach to determining a nonlinear model is similar to that described above.

[0033] The simulation model in ADS software constructs a matching network based on components from its internal component model library before performing simulation evaluation. However, the component models in ADS cannot fully and accurately reflect the characteristics of actual components, especially for non-ideal components such as inductors and capacitors with parasitic parameters. In contrast, the mathematical model in this application is based on impedance characteristics obtained through actual measurements of real samples, and already incorporates the influence of various parasitic parameters. Therefore, the mathematical model in this application is more accurate than the simulation model in ADS software.

[0034] The impedance parameters of the matching network corresponding to any variable component value can be predicted using a mathematical model. Therefore, numerical analysis methods can be used to predict the value of the variable component that makes the impedance parameters of the matching network equal to or close to the target impedance, i.e., the target value of the variable component. For example, numerical analysis methods such as Newton's iterative algorithm, the bisection method, and the secant method can be used.

[0035] In this embodiment, measured data of the values ​​of several variable components and the impedance parameters of their corresponding matching networks were obtained through actual measurements of the samples. Based on the measured data, a mathematical model was determined, making the model more accurate and improving its predictive ability, thereby achieving more accurate impedance matching.

[0036] In one embodiment, step S300 includes the following steps.

[0037] Step S310 uses the value of the variable element as the argument and the impedance parameter of the matching network as the dependent variable. The relationship between the impedance parameter of the matching network and the value of the variable element at each frequency point within the target frequency point or target frequency range is described by a polynomial function. Step S320 obtains the values ​​of all variable elements and their corresponding impedance parameters at the same frequency point from the measured impedance characteristic set. Step S330 determines the coefficients of the corresponding polynomial function based on the values ​​of all variable elements and their corresponding impedance parameters at the same frequency point.

[0038] This embodiment uses a nonlinear model and a polynomial function to describe the relationship between the impedance parameters of the variable element and the matching network.

[0039] If there is only one variable element, then the polynomial function can be set as: ,in, The impedance parameters (input impedance or output impedance) of the matching network at frequency k in the target frequency range. To match the functional relationship between the impedance parameters of the network and the values ​​of the variable components at frequency k, The coefficients of the polynomial, The degree of the polynomial can be determined based on the number of measured values ​​of the variable element. For example, if three sets of data are collected (x1, Z1), (x2, Z2), and (x3, Z3), the polynomial function can be set as a quadratic polynomial in one variable; if N sets of data are collected, the polynomial function can be set as a polynomial of degree (N-1) in one variable.

[0040] If there are N variable elements, where N is greater than 1, then an N-variable polynomial is used to fit the functional relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable elements at frequency k, specifically: Where N is the number of variable elements, Let i be the value of the i-th variable element. yes A univariate polynomial.

[0041] In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG2, an impedance matching design method includes: step S100 obtaining a sample of a matching network for impedance matching, the sample containing at least one variable element, the impedance parameters of the matching network can be adjusted by changing the value of the variable element; step S200 obtaining the scattering parameters of the matching network corresponding to a finite number of variable element values ​​by performing actual measurements on the sample, and obtaining the impedance parameters of the corresponding matching network based on the scattering parameters; the impedance parameters of the matching network obtained by actual measurement and the corresponding variable element values ​​constitute a set of measured impedance characteristics; step S300 determining a mathematical model reflecting the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the variable element values ​​based on the set of measured impedance characteristics; step S400 predicting the value of the variable element that makes the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements based on the mathematical model; step S410 obtaining the measured scattering parameters of the matching network when the variable element is the predicted value, and obtaining the measured impedance parameters of the corresponding matching network based on the measured scattering parameters; step S510 Determine whether the measured impedance parameters meet the impedance matching requirements; if they do, proceed to step S600, otherwise proceed to step S610; in step S600, set the predicted value as the target value of the variable element.

[0042] Step S610: Add the measured impedance parameters and the predicted value to the measured impedance characteristic set; proceed to step S300.

[0043] The basic steps of this embodiment are the same as those of the previous embodiment. The same parts will not be repeated. Please refer to the previous embodiment. The main difference is that steps S410 to S610 are added.

[0044] The impedance parameters of the matching network corresponding to the target value (i.e., predicted value) of the variable element predicted by the mathematical model may not meet the impedance matching requirements in actual measurement.

[0045] If the impedance matching requirements are not met, the model's predicted values ​​and the corresponding measured impedance parameters are added to the set of measured impedance characteristics. Then, based on the new set of measured impedance characteristics, a new relationship is determined between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable components, thus optimizing the mathematical model. Next, based on the new mathematical model, new predicted values ​​for the variable components are obtained to make the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements. This process is repeated until the measured impedance parameters of the matching network corresponding to the new predicted values ​​meet the impedance matching requirements. In this way, by continuously feeding actual test results back to the model and repeatedly optimizing the mathematical model, the model's predictive ability is improved, making the impedance matching results more accurate.

[0046] This embodiment measures the impedance characteristics of the matching network corresponding to the target values ​​of the variable components predicted by the mathematical model. If the measured results do not meet expectations, the mathematical model is optimized with new measured results. By continuously recalculating and optimizing the mathematical model, the predictions of the mathematical model become more and more accurate, thereby achieving more accurate impedance matching.

[0047] The method provided in this embodiment does not rely on ADS software, which reduces the requirements for designers. Every adjustment of the variable element value and the measured impedance characteristics are not wasted and can drive the mathematical model to be further optimized. This not only improves the accuracy of impedance matching, but also improves the adjustment efficiency.

[0048] In one embodiment, a polynomial function is used to describe the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable components. When a new relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable components is determined based on the updated set of measured impedance characteristics, a higher-order polynomial function is used to fit the functional relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable components. This can further improve the accuracy of the fitting, thereby enhancing the predictive power of the mathematical model.

[0049] Example, as shown in Figure 4, a matching network: an inductor is connected between port P1 and port P2. This inductor is a variable element, and the impedance parameters of the matching network are adjusted by changing the value of the inductor. Assume that at the target frequency, the impedance of port P1 is ZS and the impedance of port P2 is ZL.

[0050] A network analyzer can be used to measure the S-parameters (including S11 and S22) of the inductor at the target frequency when it is 0, 0.6nH, and 1.5nH. Based on these three sets of S-parameters, the input and output impedances at the three inductor states of 0, 0.6nH, and 1.5nH can be obtained respectively.

[0051] Taking input impedance as an example, using A quadratic polynomial is used to describe the relationship between the input impedance and the value of the variable element, where x is the value of the variable element. The corresponding input impedances are given. The coefficients a, b, and c of the polynomial can be determined based on the input impedances at 0, 0.6nH, and 1.5nH. Once the polynomial coefficients are determined, the mathematical model is established.

[0052] Assuming based on the functional relationship The defined mathematical model predicts that the inductor with an impedance parameter equal to the target impedance of the matching network will be 2nH. If the input impedance of the matching network with an actual inductor value of 2nH is not as expected, then the inductor value of 2nH and its corresponding actual measured input impedance will be added to the set of actual measured impedance characteristics.

[0053] Based on the input impedance in four states (0, 0.6nH, 1.5nH, and 2nH), a new functional relationship is determined. This relationship can then be described using a higher-order polynomial, such as a cubic polynomial, as shown in Figure 5. When there are impedance parameters in five states, a quartic polynomial can be used. This improves the accuracy of the fitting, thereby enhancing the predictive power of the mathematical model.

[0054] Of course, we can also use a univariate quadratic polynomial to describe it, and improve the fitting accuracy by increasing the number of sample points and improving the accuracy of the polynomial coefficients.

[0055] As shown in FIG3, an embodiment of the present invention provides an impedance matching design device, comprising: a sample acquisition module 100 for acquiring a sample of a matching network for impedance matching, the sample containing at least one variable element, the impedance parameters of the matching network being adjustable by changing the value of the variable element; a data collection module 200 for acquiring the scattering parameters of the matching network corresponding to a finite number of variable element values ​​by measuring the sample, and obtaining the impedance parameters of the corresponding matching network based on the scattering parameters; the measured impedance parameters of the matching network and the corresponding variable element values ​​constituting a set of measured impedance characteristics; a model determination module 300 for determining a mathematical model reflecting the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element based on the set of measured impedance characteristics; and a parameter estimation module 400 for predicting, based on the mathematical model, the values ​​of the variable element that make the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements.

[0056] In one embodiment, the model determining module is further configured to use the values ​​of the variable elements as arguments and the impedance parameters of the matching network as dependent variables, and to describe the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable elements at each frequency point within the target frequency point or target frequency range using a polynomial function; to obtain the values ​​of all variable elements and their corresponding impedance parameters at the same frequency point from the set of measured impedance characteristics; and to determine the coefficients of the corresponding polynomial function based on the values ​​of all variable elements and their corresponding impedance parameters at the same frequency point.

[0057] In one embodiment, the data collection module is further configured to acquire the measured scattering parameters of the matching network when the variable element is the predicted value, and obtain the corresponding measured impedance parameters based on the measured scattering parameters; the parameter estimation module is further configured to set the predicted value as the target value of the variable element if the measured impedance parameters meet the impedance matching requirements; the data collection module is further configured to add the measured impedance parameters and the predicted value to the measured impedance characteristic set if the measured impedance parameters do not meet the impedance matching requirements; the model determination module is further configured to determine the new relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the value of the variable element based on the updated measured impedance characteristic set, and optimize the mathematical model; the parameter estimation module is further configured to predict the new predicted value of the variable element that makes the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements based on the new mathematical model.

[0058] In one embodiment, the model determination module is further configured to fit the functional relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element using a higher-order polynomial function when a new relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element is determined based on the updated set of measured impedance characteristics.

[0059] It should be noted that the embodiments of the impedance matching design device provided by this invention and the embodiments of the impedance matching design method provided above are both based on the same inventive concept and can achieve the same technical effects. Therefore, other specific details of the embodiments of the impedance matching design device can be referred to the description of the embodiments of the impedance matching design method described above.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program thereon. When executed by a processor, the computer program can implement the impedance matching design method described in the foregoing embodiments. That is, when part or all of the technical solutions contributing to the prior art in the foregoing embodiments of the present invention are embodied in a computer software product, the aforementioned computer software product is stored in a computer-readable storage medium. This computer-readable storage medium can be any portable physical device or apparatus containing computer program code. For example, a USB flash drive, portable storage device, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory, random access memory, etc.

[0061] In summary, the authorization system and method for ride-hailing services provided in this case eliminate the need for company employees to make advance payments or request receipts from drivers to claim payment from the company. Therefore, it completely eliminates the cumbersome process of claiming payment for company employees. For business owners, it allows direct online comparison of the dispatch company's service trajectory and corresponding ride fare, automatically determining whether the amount is correct and reasonable, thus significantly reducing the costs associated with traditional manual reconciliation and judgment.

[0062] Although the embodiments have been disclosed above, they are not intended to limit the scope of this case. Anyone skilled in the art may make various modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of this case. Therefore, the scope of protection of this case shall be determined by the appended claims.

[0063] S100, S200, S300, S400, S410, S510, S600, S610: Steps 100: Sample Acquisition Module 200: Data Collection Module 300: Model Determination Module 400: Parameter Estimation Module

Claims

1. An impedance matching design method, comprising: A sample of a matching network for impedance matching is obtained, the sample comprising at least one variable element, the impedance parameter of the matching network being adjustable by changing the value of the variable element; the scattering parameters of the matching network corresponding to a finite number of variable element values ​​are obtained by experimentally measuring the sample, and the impedance parameter of the matching network is obtained based on the scattering parameters; the measured impedance parameter of the matching network and the corresponding variable element value constitute a set of measured impedance characteristics; a mathematical model reflecting the relationship between the impedance parameter of the matching network and the variable element value is determined based on the set of measured impedance characteristics; and the value of the variable element that makes the impedance parameter of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements is predicted based on the mathematical model.

2. The impedance matching design method as described in claim 1, further comprising, after predicting the value of the variable element that makes the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements based on the mathematical model: The measured scattering parameters of the matching network when the variable element is the predicted value are obtained, and the corresponding measured impedance parameters are obtained based on the measured scattering parameters. If the measured impedance parameters meet the impedance matching requirements, then the predicted value is set as the target value of the variable element. If the measured impedance parameters do not meet the impedance matching requirements, the measured impedance parameters and the predicted values ​​are added to the measured impedance characteristic set; a new relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element is determined based on the updated measured impedance characteristic set, and the mathematical model is optimized; and a new predicted value of the variable element that makes the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements is predicted based on the new mathematical model. The above process is repeated until the measured impedance parameters of the matching network corresponding to the new predicted value meet the impedance matching requirements.

3. The impedance matching design method as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein determining the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element based on the measured impedance characteristic set includes: Using the value of the variable element as the derivative and the impedance parameter of the matching network as the dependent variable, the relationship between the impedance parameter of the matching network and the value of the variable element at each frequency point within the target frequency or target frequency range is described by a polynomial function; the values ​​of all variable elements and their corresponding impedance parameters at the same frequency point are obtained from the measured impedance characteristic set; and the coefficients of the corresponding polynomial function are determined based on the values ​​of all variable elements and their corresponding impedance parameters at the same frequency point.

4. The impedance matching design method as described in claim 3, wherein the polynomial function is: ; where, Let N be the impedance parameter of the matching network at frequency point k in the target frequency range, N be the number of variable elements, denoted as , and denoted as a univariate polynomial.

5. The impedance matching design method as described in claim 3, wherein when a new relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element is determined based on the updated set of measured impedance characteristics, a higher-order polynomial function is used to fit the functional relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element.

6. The impedance matching design method as described in claim 1, wherein predicting the values ​​of the variable element that make the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements based on the mathematical model includes: Based on the functional relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element, numerical analysis methods are used to predict the values ​​of the variable element that will make the impedance parameters of the matching network equal to the target impedance.

7. The impedance matching design method as described in claim 1, wherein the variable element is an inductor or a capacitor.

8. An impedance matching design device, comprising: A sample acquisition module is used to acquire a sample of a matching network for impedance matching, wherein the sample of the matching network includes at least one variable element, and the impedance parameters of the matching network can be adjusted by changing the value of the variable element; a data collection module is used to obtain the scattering parameters of the matching network corresponding to the variable element under a finite number of values ​​by performing actual measurements on the sample, and to obtain the corresponding impedance parameters of the matching network based on the scattering parameters; the impedance parameters of the matching network obtained by actual measurement and the corresponding variable element values ​​constitute a set of measured impedance characteristics; a model determination module is used to determine a mathematical model reflecting the relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the values ​​of the variable element based on the set of measured impedance characteristics; and a parameter estimation module is used to predict the values ​​of the variable element that make the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements based on the mathematical model.

9. The impedance matching design apparatus as described in claim 8, wherein the data collection module is further configured to acquire measured scattering parameters of the matching network when the variable element is a predicted value, and obtain corresponding measured impedance parameters based on the measured scattering parameters; the parameter estimation module is further configured to set the predicted value as the target value of the variable element if the measured impedance parameters meet the impedance matching requirements; the data collection module is further configured to add the measured impedance parameters and the predicted value to the measured impedance characteristic set if the measured impedance parameters do not meet the impedance matching requirements; the model determination module is further configured to determine a new relationship between the impedance parameters of the matching network and the value of the variable element based on the updated measured impedance characteristic set, and optimize the mathematical model; and the parameter estimation module is further configured to predict a new predicted value of the variable element that makes the impedance parameters of the matching network meet the impedance matching requirements based on the new mathematical model.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements an impedance matching design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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