A three-dimensional water-curtain-based environmental control apparatus

Abstract

A three-dimensional environmental control device for mushroom cultivation using a water curtain system, comprising multiple mushroom-growing shelves arranged in a three-dimensional space, with each layer of the cultivation area operating under controlled conditions, mainly includes: a temperature control device containing at least one negative pressure fan, at least one water curtain, multiple sprayers, and an environmental sensor. The environmental sensor measures indoor environmental and soil parameters. The negative pressure fan is located on a wall away from the water curtain, allowing outside air to be introduced into the three-dimensional space after heat exchange through the water curtain. The sprayers adjust the humidity of each layer. A control device has a built-in database of environmental parameters for mycelial growth before and after the growth stages. It is electrically connected to the temperature control device and the external environmental sensor. By comparing and analyzing outdoor, indoor, and soil environmental parameters, it automatically adjusts the speed of the negative pressure fan, the water supply of the water curtain and the sprayers to maintain each layer of the cultivation area within a suitable growth environment.

Description

Three-dimensional environmental control device for mushroom water curtain A THREE-DIMENSIONAL WATER-CURTAIN-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL APPARATUS Technical Field

[0001] This work relates to a three-dimensional environmental control device for mushroom water curtains, specifically a device for improving the uniformity of mushroom growth, the stability of yield, and the degree of automation. Prior Technology

[0002] The main features of the conventional new mushroom industrial production module include: a photovoltaic power generation module (2) installed on the top of the wall (1) to provide power source; a main control center (3) set inside the wall (1), whose input end is connected to an environmental monitoring module (4) to obtain environmental information, and whose output end is connected to an aeroponic system (5) to control cultivation operations; a temperature control system (6) set behind the wall (1) to maintain temperature stability; a cultivation rack (9) set inside the wall (1) for mushroom cultivation; a heat insulation mechanism (10) set above the cultivation rack to insulate heat; and sliding grooves (11) provided on the inner walls of the front and rear sides of the wall (1) to facilitate component installation and movement.

[0003] The main technical defects of this production module include: First, the system is not equipped with an external environment sensing device, which makes it impossible to obtain outdoor weather parameters in real time; Second, the system can only operate according to the program and cannot automatically adjust the control parameters according to changes in the outdoor environment; Third, due to the lack of understanding of outdoor environmental conditions, the temperature, humidity, airflow and light in the three-dimensional cultivation space cannot be precisely controlled, which makes it impossible for each layer of planting area to maintain a suitable growth environment for a long time; Fourth, the system lacks a real-time feedback mechanism and cannot automatically correct for insufficient light, abnormal temperature or humidity deviation, making it impossible to achieve fully automated control of mushroom cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-dimensional environmental control device for mushroom water curtains. By combining it with external environmental sensing devices, it not only overcomes the shortcomings of existing modules that cannot grasp the outdoor environment, but also realizes fully automated management of mushroom cultivation. It provides a precise, traceable and adjustable cultivation environment control solution, significantly improving the automation level and cultivation efficiency of the overall system.

[0005] The mushroom water curtain three-dimensional environmental control device that can achieve the above-mentioned creative purpose has multiple mushroom-growing shelves arranged in a three-dimensional space, and each layer of the mushroom-growing shelf is operated in a controlled manner, including:

[0006] A temperature control device includes at least one negative pressure fan, at least one water curtain, multiple sprayers, and an environmental sensor. The environmental sensor is used to measure indoor environmental parameters and soil parameters. The negative pressure fan is disposed on a wall away from the water curtain, so that outside air is introduced into the three-dimensional space after heat exchange through the water curtain. The sprayers on or around the top of the mushroom growing rack adjust the humidity of each layer of the growing area.

[0007] A control device is built into a database of growth environment parameters for mushroom mycelium in the early and late stages of growth, and is electrically connected to the temperature control device and the external environment sensing device. The external environment sensing device collects outdoor environmental parameters in real time through multiple environmental sensors, and simultaneously receives indoor environmental parameters and soil parameters. After analysis and comparison, the control device dynamically adjusts the speed of the negative pressure fan and the water supply of the water curtain or the sprayer to automatically maintain each layer of planting area within the range of suitable growth environment parameters. Simple Explanation of the Diagram

[0008] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural configuration of the three-dimensional water curtain environmental control device for mushrooms in this invention, set up in a three-dimensional cultivation space; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the control architecture of the three-dimensional environmental control device for mushroom water curtains; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the control architecture used by the control device to calculate the environmental difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the control architecture of the control device in calculating the environmental difference between indoor and outdoor humidity; Figure 5 illustrates the control architecture of the control device in calculating the environmental difference between indoor and outdoor carbon dioxide levels; and Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the control architecture for the illuminance environmental difference of the control device, which is used to illustrate the integration of indoor and outdoor illuminance and the calculation method of environmental difference. Implementation

[0009] Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. The three-dimensional environmental control device for mushroom water curtain provided in this invention is configured in a three-dimensional cultivation space 91 within a planting structure defined by a top cover and multiple walls. Multiple mushroom-growing racks 92 are arranged in a horizontal multi-layered manner within the three-dimensional cultivation space 91, so that each planting area 93 on each mushroom-growing rack 92 forms a three-dimensional cultivation configuration under controlled environmental conditions. It mainly consists of a temperature control device 1 and a control device 2.

[0010] The temperature control device 1 includes at least one negative pressure fan 11, at least one water curtain 12, multiple sprayers 13, supplemental lighting 14, and an environmental sensor 15 including a soil sensing device 16. The negative pressure fan 11 is used to promote indoor and outdoor air exchange in order to adjust the airflow and temperature distribution in the cultivation space.

[0011] The water curtain 12 and the sprayer 13 are used together to regulate the ambient humidity and temperature conditions.

[0012] The supplemental light 14 (not shown in the figure) is installed above the three-dimensional cultivation space 91 or the planting area 93 of each layer to provide the light required for mushroom growth when natural light is insufficient, so as to maintain the lighting conditions of each planting area 93.

[0013] The environmental sensor 15 is used to detect indoor environmental parameters, which include at least indoor temperature, indoor humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and illuminance.

[0014] Meanwhile, the soil sensing device 16 is used to detect soil parameters of the cultivation medium, including soil temperature, soil moisture, soil conductivity and soil pH, and provides the aforementioned sensing data to the control device 2 for subsequent analysis and regulation.

[0015] In detail, the negative pressure fan 11 is installed on the wall away from the water curtain 12 to form an airflow extraction path, so that the hotter external air exchanges heat through water evaporation when passing through the water curtain 12, thereby reducing the air temperature introduced into the three-dimensional cultivation space 91 to achieve a stable cooling effect; in addition, the sprayer 13 is installed on the top or around the mushroom growing rack 92, and adjusts the relative humidity of each layer of planting area 93 by spraying fine mist, thereby achieving environmental control of temperature and humidity at the same time.

[0016] In detail, at least one environmental sensor 15 is installed in the three-dimensional cultivation space 91, or multiple environmental sensors 15 are respectively installed in the planting area 93 of each layer of the mushroom growing rack 92. When the circulating water flows through the water curtain 12 and forms a uniform water film on its surface, the airflow generated by the negative pressure fan 11 draws in the air, causing the external air to evaporate rapidly on the surface of the water film and generate an endothermic effect. In this way, cool and oxygen-rich fresh air is continuously introduced into the three-dimensional cultivation space 91 to improve the air circulation of each planting area 93 and maintain the suitability of the growth environment. At the same time, the ecological cycle environment is reproduced. Through real-time monitoring and fully automated control of various growth parameters, the stability and consistency of the mushroom growth process are ensured, and the accuracy and balance of the environmental conditions of each planting area 93 are maintained.

[0017] The control device 2 has a built-in processor and memory system for performing environmental judgment and regulation functions. It also has a cloud-based or built-in database 21 for growing environment parameters. This database 21 includes environmental parameter settings such as pH, temperature, humidity, light, and airflow during the early stage (i.e., mycelial culture stage) and later stage (i.e., fruiting body formation stage) of mushroom mycelium growth, and is not limited to a specific data format or construction method. The control device 2 is electrically connected to the temperature control device 1 and the external environmental sensing device 3 to receive outdoor environmental parameters, indoor environmental parameters, and soil parameters. The external environmental sensing device 3 can be a weather station or multiple sets of environmental sensors 15 to measure different types of outdoor environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall forecast, and light intensity in real time, and transmit the acquired outdoor environmental parameters to the control device 2.

[0018] In one embodiment, after receiving the outdoor environmental parameters provided by the external environment sensing device 3, the control device 2 further integrates the indoor environmental parameters returned by the environmental sensor 15, and performs environmental difference calculations for environmental indicators such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity. At the same time, it integrates the soil parameters obtained by the soil sensing device 16, and combines the aforementioned environmental differences and soil parameters to form a complete set of environmental data.

[0019] The control device 2 further analyzes, compares, and calculates the environmental differences or environmental data sets based on the pre-constructed environmental parameter settings in the growth environment parameter database 21. The growth environment parameter database 21 can establish multiple sets of corresponding judgment criteria according to the needs of mushrooms at different growth stages. After completing the comparison, the control device 2 automatically generates corresponding control judgment results and outputs control signals based on these results, serving as the basis for subsequent adjustments to the various actuators in the temperature control device 1. Through this control mechanism, the temperature, humidity, airflow, light conditions, and culture medium status within the three-dimensional cultivation space 91 can be corrected in real time, thereby maintaining the overall cultivation environment within a suitable range for mushroom growth over a long period, improving cultivation stability and consistency.

[0020] In one embodiment of this invention, the control device 2 simultaneously receives outdoor and indoor environmental parameters, calculates environmental differences for various environmental indicators such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and light intensity, and integrates soil parameters measured by the soil sensing device 16. The aforementioned environmental differences and soil parameters are aggregated into a complete set of environmental data, which is then used for real-time calculation and judgment based on multiple environmental parameter models constructed in the growth environment parameter database 21 to improve the accuracy and response speed of environmental control. These multiple environmental parameter models are established to meet the planting needs of different growth stages and different heights, reflecting the optimal control range for temperature, humidity, light intensity, pH, and air quality.

[0021] The control device 2 automatically outputs control signals based on the judgment results of the environmental data set to adjust the operating speed of the negative pressure fan 11, thereby changing the airflow exchange efficiency within the cultivation space. Furthermore, the control device 2 can also synchronously or selectively control the water supply of the water curtain 12 or the sprayer 13 to correct for environmental humidity and temperature distribution. The aforementioned control methods can be executed individually or simultaneously, without being limited to a specific order or control form, ensuring that each planting area 93 at different heights remains within a suitable growth environment, thereby improving the accuracy and consistency of environmental control in the overall cultivation system.

[0022] This invention cultivates multiple types of mushrooms simultaneously or separately in the planting areas 93 of each layer of the fruiting rack 92. Considering that different types of mushrooms have significantly different environmental requirements at different growth stages, such as mycelial growth, primordia formation, and fruiting body development, the growth environment parameter database 21 in the control device 2 pre-establishes the correspondence between each growth stage and environmental conditions, and forms multiple environmental parameter models to correspond to the optimal control conditions for different growth stages. These include temperature parameter model 211, humidity parameter model 212, air parameter model 213, light parameter model 214, and pH model 215, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the overall cultivation system's environmental control.

[0023] The database 21 of growth environment parameters constructs a temperature parameter model 211 to correspond to different growth stages of mushrooms. This temperature parameter model 211 covers the temperature requirements of mushrooms in the early stage of mycelial growth and the stage of fruiting body formation. Mycelial spores can germinate in the range of 15~32℃, with 22~26℃ being the optimal growth condition. In the stage of fruiting body formation, the suitable temperature range is 5~24℃, and low temperature or temperature change stimulation can promote the formation of mushroom buds.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 2 and 3. The temperature parameter model 211 is calculated by the control device 2 by combining the temperature data from the outdoor and indoor environmental parameters. The difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures is first calculated, and the difference is compared and analyzed with the soil parameters to establish an environmental data set that reflects the actual environmental conditions. By comparing the temperature parameter model 211, the device performs calculations and judgments based on preset control logic and algorithms. This allows for the control of the water evaporation rate of the water curtain 12 for heat exchange, the synchronous adjustment of the fine mist spraying volume of the sprayer 13, the dynamic change of the speed of the negative pressure fan 11, and the adjustment of the light intensity of the supplementary light 14. This allows for the precise control of the heating and cooling efficiency of the environment in each layer of the planting area 93, thereby providing stable and optimal cultivation temperature conditions for mushrooms.

[0025] Please refer to Figures 2 and 4. The growth environment parameter database 21 is established based on the physiological needs and growth mechanisms of mushrooms during the mycelial growth stage and the fruiting body formation stage. The corresponding humidity parameter model 212 is established. During the mycelial growth stage, the humidity parameter model 212 maintains the humidity of the mushroom logs and the air humidity of the three-dimensional cultivation space 91 or each layer of the planting area 93 at a slightly dry and moderate humidity level to promote the stable extension of mycelium and its coverage of the cultivation medium. During the fruiting body formation stage, the moisture content of the mushroom logs and the environmental humidity are increased, and the environmental stimulation mechanism of periodic dry and wet alternation is used to induce primordia formation, thereby improving the overall fruiting efficiency and the stability of production quality.

[0026] The control device 2 calculates the difference between indoor and outdoor humidity based on the humidity data corresponding to the outdoor and indoor environmental parameters. It then compares the environmental difference with the soil parameters to form an environmental data set. The control device 2 then compares the humidity parameter model 212 and performs calculations based on preset control logic and algorithms. It dynamically, synchronously, or selectively adjusts the water evaporation rate of the water curtain 12, the fine mist spraying volume of the sprayer 13, and the speed of the negative pressure fan 11 to precisely regulate the humidity distribution and stability of each planting area 93 in the three-dimensional cultivation space 91.

[0027] Please refer to Figures 2 and 5. The growth environment parameter database 21 is an air parameter model 213 established based on the aerobic characteristics of mushroom growth. Since mushrooms are aerobic fungi and insufficient ventilation may lead to increased carbon dioxide concentration and decreased oxygen concentration, affecting mycelial growth and fruiting body formation, the control device 2 integrates the carbon dioxide data corresponding to the outdoor and indoor environmental parameters. It first calculates the environmental difference between indoor and outdoor carbon dioxide, and then compares and analyzes the carbon dioxide environmental difference with the soil parameters reflecting the oxygen content or aeration status of the cultivation medium to establish an environmental data set that reflects the actual gas exchange requirements. The control device 2 then compares the air parameter model 213 and, in conjunction with its built-in preset control logic and algorithm, dynamically adjusts the operation mode and speed of the negative pressure fan 11 to accurately control the air quality and gas exchange efficiency of the cultivation space, while avoiding excessive airflow exchange that causes a rapid drop in environmental humidity, thereby maintaining the stable microclimate conditions required for the growth of mushroom trees and fruiting bodies.

[0028] Please refer to Figures 2 and 6. The growth environment parameter database 21 is a corresponding light parameter model 214 established based on the photophysiological requirements of mushrooms in the early stage of mycelial growth and the fruiting body formation stage. In the mycelial growth stage, the light conditions are controlled to be close to no light to avoid strong light inhibiting mycelial growth and forming a brownish-yellow mycelial film. In the fruiting body formation stage, an appropriate amount of diffused light is provided and the three-dimensional cultivation space 91 is maintained at 60%~70% shade to prevent insufficient light or excessive direct sunlight from affecting the yield and quality of mushrooms. The light parameter model 214 first calculates the light intensity sensing data in the indoor and outdoor environmental parameters, calculates the environmental difference between indoor and outdoor light intensity, and inputs the environmental difference together with the soil parameters reflecting the state of the cultivation medium for aggregation and analysis to establish a complete set of environmental data reflecting the actual light requirements. The control device 2 then compares the light parameter model 214 with its built-in preset control logic and algorithm to dynamically adjust the light intensity output of the supplemental light lamp 14, thereby accurately controlling the growth conditions and development quality of mushrooms at different growth stages.

[0029] The database 21 of growth environment parameters includes a pH model 215 that establishes corresponding pH tolerance characteristics during the early stage of mycelial growth and the fruiting body formation stage, providing a suitable pH growth environment for mushrooms. The mycelium can grow within a pH range of 2.5 to 7.5, and exhibits rapid and dense growth at pH 4.5 to 5.5. The pH model 215 is further compared and calculated by the control device 2 after receiving outdoor environmental parameters and soil parameters of the cultivation medium in real time. When the pH value deviates from the set acceptable range, the control device 2 immediately sends a notification message to the user terminal, allowing the user to monitor the soil pH status of the cultivation medium in each planting area 93 of the three-dimensional cultivation space 91 at any time, and to make subsequent adjustments or treatments according to the message content to maintain a suitable pH environment for mushroom growth.

[0030] It is worth mentioning that the multiple environmental parameter models in the reproductive environment parameter database 21 compare and calculate the outdoor environmental parameters, the indoor environmental parameters, and the soil parameters. The main purpose of this is:

[0031] First, by having the user input the growth stage of the mushroom, the growth conditions required by the vertical cultivation space 91 during that growth period are clearly defined;

[0032] Secondly, the control device 2 simultaneously acquires and calculates the outdoor and indoor environmental parameters, performs environmental difference calculations for various temperatures, humidity levels, carbon dioxide concentrations, and light intensities, and integrates the soil parameters measured by the soil sensor 16. The aforementioned environmental differences and soil parameters are combined to form a complete set of environmental data, which serves as the basis for subsequent analysis and judgment.

[0033] Furthermore, analysis and judgment are performed based on multiple environmental parameter models constructed from the reproductive environment parameter database 21;

[0034] Finally, through control logic and algorithm, corresponding control signals are output to electrically connect and quickly start the negative pressure fan 11, the water curtain 12, the multiple sprayers 13, and the supplemental light 14, so that the three-dimensional cultivation space 91 and each layer of planting area 93 quickly reach the suitable growth environment range;

[0035] Meanwhile, the environmental sensor 15 also stores and transmits the monitoring data it acquires in real time back to the user terminal to comprehensively and accurately control the temperature, humidity, light, pH and air quality required for mushroom growth.

[0036] When the control device 2 completes calculations and judgments based on the temperature parameter model 211, the humidity parameter model 212, the air parameter model 213, the light parameter model 214, and the pH model 215, and in conjunction with preset control logic and algorithms, it automatically generates corresponding control signals based on the judgment results and outputs the control signals to the temperature control device 1 to perform actual environmental regulation operations. Specifically, the control device 2 can adjust the operating speed of the negative pressure fan 11 according to the degree of environmental difference to change the airflow exchange efficiency and air distribution state within the three-dimensional cultivation space 91; at the same time, the control device 2 can also synchronously or selectively control the water supply and on / off status of the water curtain 12 and the multiple sprayers 13 to correct the ambient temperature and humidity. In addition, when light conditions are insufficient or when specific growth stages are required, the control device 2 can also output control signals to adjust the on / off timing, brightness, or irradiation time of the supplemental lighting 14. By outputting and executing the aforementioned control signals, the temperature control device 1 can dynamically adjust the operating status of various actuators based on real-time judgment results, thereby enabling all planting areas 93 at different heights in the three-dimensional cultivation space 91 to quickly recover and stably maintain within the environmental parameter range suitable for mushroom growth, thus improving the accuracy, consistency and automation of overall environmental control.

[0037] In conclusion, this application is indeed innovative in terms of spatial form and enhances the aforementioned functions compared to conventional items. It fully meets the statutory requirements for novelty and inventiveness for a utility model patent. Therefore, we hereby submit this application and respectfully request your approval to encourage innovation. We are deeply grateful for your assistance.

[0038] 1: Temperature control device 11: Negative pressure fan 12: Water curtain sheet 13: Sprayer 14: Fill light 15: Environmental Sensors 16: Soil Sensing Device 2: Control device 21: Reproductive Environment Parameter Database 211: Temperature Parameter Model 212: Humidity Parameter Model 213: Air Parameter Model 214: Illumination Parameter Model 215: Acidity / Alkalinity Model 3: External environment sensing device 91: Vertical Cultivation Space 92: Mushroom growing rack 93: Planting Area

Claims

1. A three-dimensional environmental control device for mushroom cultivation using a water curtain system, wherein a plurality of mushroom-growing shelves (92) are arranged within a three-dimensional cultivation space (91), and each planting area (93) on each mushroom-growing shelf (92) is controlled to operate, comprising: A temperature control device (1) includes at least one negative pressure fan (11), at least one water curtain (12), multiple sprayers (13), supplementary light (14) and an environmental sensor (15). The environmental sensor (15) is used to measure indoor environmental parameters and soil parameters. The negative pressure fan (11) is arranged on a wall away from the water curtain (12) so that the outside air is introduced into the three-dimensional cultivation space (91) after heat exchange through the water curtain (12). The sprayers (13) on or around the top of the mushroom growing rack (92) adjust the humidity of each layer of planting area (93). A control device (2) is used to perform environmental judgment and regulation functions. It has a built-in database of reproductive environment parameters (21) and is electrically connected to the temperature control device (1) and the external environment sensing device (3). The external environment sensing device (3) collects outdoor environmental parameters in real time through multiple environmental sensors (15) and simultaneously receives indoor environmental parameters and soil parameters. After analysis and comparison, the control device (2) dynamically adjusts the speed of the negative pressure fan (11) and the water supply of the water curtain (12) or the sprayer (13) to automatically maintain the planting area (93) of each layer within the range of suitable reproductive environment parameters.

2. The mushroom water curtain three-dimensional environmental control device as described in claim 1, wherein the control device (2) can adjust the operating speed of the negative pressure fan (11) according to the environmental difference, so as to change the airflow exchange efficiency in the three-dimensional cultivation space (91).

3. The mushroom water curtain three-dimensional environmental control device as described in claim 1, wherein the control device (2) can synchronously or selectively control the water supply and opening / closing of the water curtain sheet (12) and multiple sprayers (13) according to the environmental difference, so as to correct the temperature and humidity.

4. The mushroom water curtain three-dimensional environmental control device as described in claim 1, wherein the control device (2) can adjust the opening and closing timing, brightness or irradiation time of the supplementary light (14) according to the environmental difference to make up for insufficient light.

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