Continuous casting equipment

Abstract

A continuous casting nozzle for manufacturing a composite metallic slab, the nozzle being located between a tundish and a mold, the nozzle including an upper part disposed downstream of the tundish, a dome disposed at the inlet of the upper part comprising splitter for splitting the initial stream of liquid metal, an internal wall located below the dome, creating at least two mixing chambers, injector for injecting powder through the dome to allow mixing with the liquid metal, and a lower part composed of at least a central channel with two lateral lower outlets and side channels with at least one lateral upper outlet by channel to allow the liquid metal to flow into the mold. A method of continuously casting, using a continuous casting nozzle related to the invention is also provided.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to continuous casting equipment. In particular, the present invention relates to a continuous casting nozzle with an improved design made for manufacturing a composite metallic slab.BACKGROUND

[0002] The continuous casting of steel is a well-known process. It consists of pouring a liquid metal from a ladle into a tundish intended to regulate the stream, then pouring the metal into the upper part of a water-cooled bottomless copper mold undergoing a vertical reciprocating movement. The solidified semi-finished product is extracted from the lower part of the mold by rollers. The liquid metal is introduced into the mold by means of a tubular duct called a nozzle placed between the tundish and the mold.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] However, this simple equipment is not suitable for the casting of a composite metallic product. The nozzle being a simple duct, it can only be used as a pouring tool for the liquid metal between the tundish and the mold. Therefore, the nozzle and the method of casting must be modified to allow the casting of a composite metallic product.

[0004] Japanese Patent Application JP11197807 describes a continuous casting nozzle for manufacturing a multilayer cast piece, being formed of a vertical duct having multiple discharge ports in the vertical direction, the duct being divided on the inside by a partition wall creating multiple molten steel flow passages and having one or multiple ports for adding raw material.

[0005] The continuous casting nozzle described allows the injection of two types of molten metals, differing in composition, into the mold at different heights thus creating two pools of liquid metal, an upper pool and a lower pool, differing by their respective composition. The metal located in the upper pool solidifies first, creating a shell having the composition of the upper pool. The metal located in the lower pool solidifies then inside the shell, forming the bulk of the material and having the composition of the lower pool, thus creating a composite metallic product.

[0006] When manufacturing a composite metallic product by continuous casting, to obtain a product of excellent quality, it is necessary to reach a very good stability of the two pools of liquid metal into the mold and the streams of liquid metal coming from the nozzle, as well as a very good homogeneity of the pools compositions.

[0007] Japanese Patent Application JP11197807 uses a static magnetic field and injects the different streams of liquid metal above and below the magnetic field to stabilize the two pools.

[0008] However the solution proposed in the prior art does not provide a sufficient solution in terms of stability of the different streams of liquid metal and homogeneity of the pools of liquid metal. Moreover, the specific magnetic field brings complexity to the casting operations.

[0009] The present invention discloses a continuous casting nozzle for manufacturing a composite metallic slab with an improved design, allowing better stability of the liquid metal streams and better homogeneity of the pools of liquid metal with simple equipment.

[0010] The present invention provides a continuous casting nozzle for manufacturing a composite metallic slab, said nozzle 1 being located between a tundish 2 and a mold 3, said nozzle 1 comprising:

[0011] an upper part 4 disposed downstream of the tundish 2 with respect to the direction of travel of the liquid metal,

[0012] a dome 6 disposed at the inlet of the upper part 4, said dome 6 comprising means for splitting the initial stream of liquid metal into at least two separate streams,

[0013] an internal wall 8 located below the dome 6, creating at least two mixing chambers 9a, 9b, said separate streams of liquid metal flowing respectively in each of said chambers 9a, 9b,

[0014] means for injecting powder 10 through the dome 6 into at least one of said chambers 9a, 9b, to allow mixing with the liquid metal flowing into said chamber 9a, 9b, and

[0015] a lower part 5 composed of at least a central channel 12a and side channels 12b, 12c, extending from the upper part 4 into the mold 3, said central channel 12a being connected to one of said chambers 9a, 9b, said central channel 12a being longer than said side channels 12b, 12c, and said side channels 12b, 12c being connected to at least one other chamber 9b, wherein said central channel 12a allows the liquid metal to flow into the mold 3 by means of at least two lateral lower outlets 14 and said side channels 12b, 12c allow the liquid metal to flow into the mold 3 by means of at least one lateral upper outlet 13 for each channel.

[0016] The continuous casting nozzle according to the present invention may also have the optional features listed below, considered individually or in combination:

[0017] the lower outlets 14 axis have an angle a with respect to the horizontal,

[0018] the upper outlets 13 axis have an angle β with respect to the horizontal,

[0019] the bottom of said side channels 12b, 12c at the level of the upper outlets 13 has a shape selected among: a flat, a recess, or a slope,

[0020] the bottom of the central channel 12a between the two lower outlets 14 has a shape selected among: a flat, a recess or a dome,

[0021] the dome 6 further comprises a means for injecting gas 11 through the dome 6,

[0022] the dome further comprises support arms 7.

[0023] The present invention also provides a method of continuous casting of a composite metallic slab, using a continuous casting nozzle 1 according to the invention wherein:

[0024] liquid metal is poured in a tundish 2 located above said continuous casting nozzle 1,

[0025] said liquid metal flows from the tundish 2 into the upper part 4 of said casting nozzle 1 creating an initial stream,

[0026] said initial stream collides onto the dome 6, thus separating it into a defined number of separate streams,

[0027] said separate streams flow into the mixing chambers 9a, 9b of the nozzle 1,

[0028] powder is injected into one of said chambers 9a, 9b and mixed with the stream of liquid metal flowing into said chamber 9a, 9b thus modifying its composition,

[0029] said separate streams are then distributed into the channels 12a, 12b, 12c of the lower part of said continuous casting nozzle 1, and

[0030] said liquid metal is poured into the mold 3, wherein the liquid metal flowing in the side channels 12b, 12c, is poured into the mold by means of the upper outlets 13 and the liquid metal flowing into the central channel 12a is poured deeper into the mold by means of the lower outlets 14, thus forming two distinct pools of liquid metal 15, 16 into the mold 3.

[0031] The method of continuous casting according to the invention may also have the optional features listed below, considered individually or in combination:

[0032] the liquid metal is steel,

[0033] the powder is injected in the chamber connected to the central channel 9a,

[0034] the liquid metal in the upper pool 15 in the mold 3 is composed of the base metal coming from the tundish 2 only and the liquid metal in the lower pool 16 in the mold 3 is composed of the base metal coming from the tundish 2 mixed with the powder injected below the dome 6,

[0035] the powder is injected in the chamber connected to the side channels 9b,

[0036] the liquid metal in the upper pool 15 in the mold 3 is composed of the base metal coming from the tundish 2 mixed with the powder injected below the dome 6 and the liquid metal in the lower pool 16 in the mold 3 is composed of the base metal coming from the tundish 2 only.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The present invention will be described, in a non-limitative way, in reference to the following drawings:

[0038] FIG. 1: general view of the nozzle according to the invention, in a usage configuration,

[0039] FIG. 2: view of the bottom of the lower part of the nozzle,

[0040] FIG. 3: dome observed with a view from above for a bulk alloying embodiment,

[0041] FIG. 4: dome observed with a view from above for a shell alloying embodiment,

[0042] FIG. 5: cross-sectional view A-A of the upper part of the nozzle below the dome of FIG. 1,

[0043] FIG. 6: upper outlets with different embodiments for the shape of the bottom of the side channels, a: flat shape, b: recess shape, c: slope shape,

[0044] FIG. 7: lower outlets with different embodiments for the shape of the bottom of the central channels, a: flat shape, b: recess shape, c: dome shape,

[0045] FIG. 8: cross-sectional view B-B of the mold and the nozzle with representation of the flows,

[0046] FIG. 9: submerged part of the nozzle with a representation of the flows in the mold,

[0047] FIG. 10: section of the composite metallic slab obtained by continuous casting, and

[0048] FIG. 11: cross-sectional view of the mixing chambers of the nozzle of FIG. 1.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] One aim of the invention is to cast a composite metallic slab. The section of a slab is rectangular with two long sides and two small edges, as shown in FIG. 10.

[0050] FIG. 1 shows a nozzle 1 disposed between a tundish 2 and a mold 3 adapted to the casting of a slab, having two long faces and two narrow faces. The nozzle 1 is composed of an upper part 4 and a lower part 5.

[0051] A dome 6 is disposed at the inlet of the upper part 4 and closes a part of it. The top of the dome 6 preferably has a slope of a certain angle, higher than 15° for example. The dome 6 also has a lateral side, preferably forming a sharp edge with the slope. The dome 6 is fixed to the upper part 4 by one or more support arms 7.

[0052] An internal wall 8, located below the dome 6, creates at least two mixing chambers 9a, 9b in the upper part 4. In the configuration presented in FIG. 1, two chambers are present 9a, 9b.

[0053] A means for injecting powder 10 and a means for injecting gas 11 are also comprised in the upper part 4, each one being partly located in one of the support arms 7 and passing through the dome 6. The means for injecting powder 10 can be an endless screw, for example, linked to a powder tank.

[0054] FIG. 3 shows a configuration of the dome 6 having three support arms 7 and having one passage for powder injection 10 located in one of the support arms 7 and two passages for gas injection 11 located in the other two support arms 7.

[0055] FIG. 4 shows another configuration of the dome 6 also having three support arms 7 but unlike the one represented in FIG. 3, it has two passages for powder injection 10 located in two support arms 7 and one passage for gas injection 11 located in the other support arm 7. In this configuration, the two passages for powder injection 10 can be linked to two different powder injectors, each one having a different type of powder.

[0056] The dome 6 can also have other configurations with less or more support arms. A configuration with four support arms 7, for example, can be considered.

[0057] As shown in FIG. 1, the lower part 5 of the nozzle 1 is composed of three channels 12a, 12b, 12c extending from the mixing chambers 9a, 9b of the upper part 4 and ending into the mold 3. FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the bottom of the lower part 5 of the nozzle 1 of the configuration shown in FIG. 1. The side channels 12b, 12c are opening into the mold 3 by means of two upper outlets 13, one for each channel. The central channel 12a is opening into the mold by means of two lower outlets 14. The axes of the lower outlets 14 form an angle a with respect to the horizontal. The angle a is preferably from 15° to 40°. The axes of the upper outlets 13 form an angle 3 with respect to the horizontal. The angle is preferably from −10° to 10°. The angles are oriented downwards.

[0058] In the present embodiment, the channels 12a, 12b, 12c are of circular shape. In a preferred embodiment, the channels 12a, 12b, 12c have a round or elliptic section.

[0059] FIG. 5 shows the cross-sectional view A-A of the nozzle 1 in the configuration described in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are disposed with the same orientation as FIG. 5. FIG. 3 can be superposed with FIG. 5 to have a cross-sectional view of the nozzle 1 above the dome 6. The same can be applied to FIG. 4 with FIG. 5 to obtain the view of another configuration.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 5, the internal wall 8 has a V-shape, thus creating two mixing chambers 9a, 9b of different volumes. The chamber located inside the V-shape 9a is linked to the central channel 12a and the chamber located outside the V-shape 9b is linked to the side channels 12b, 12c.

[0061] In other configurations, the internal wall 8 has a different shape creating a different number of chambers. For example, a Y-shape can create three chambers of different volumes, or a simple wall can create two chambers with the exact same volume.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 1, the central channel 12a is longer than the two side channels 12b, 12c thus opening deeper into the mold 3. In this embodiment, the three channels are aligned, as shown in FIG. 5.

[0063] Other configurations can be considered, for example, a third side channel, not aligned with the other channels 12a, 12b, 12c, can be added, thus creating another geometry.

[0064] FIG. 6 shows different embodiments of the shape of the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c at the level of the upper outlets 13. FIG. 6a shows a flat shape, the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c is flat and is at the same level as the bottom of the outlet 13. FIG. 6b shows a recess shape, the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c is also flat but is lower than the bottom of the outlet 13 thus forming a recess. FIG. 6c shows a slope shape, the bottom of the side channel 12b, 12c forms a slope that ends at the bottom of the outlet 13. In other embodiments, other shapes can be used.

[0065] FIG. 7 shows different embodiments of the shape of the bottom of the central channel 12a at the level of the lower outlets 14. FIG. 7a shows a flat shape, the bottom of the central channel 12a is flat and is at the same level as the bottom of the outlets 14. FIG. 7b shows a recess shape, the bottom of the central channels 12a is also flat but is lower than the bottom of the outlets 14 thus forming a recess. FIG. 7c shows a dome shape, the bottom of the central channel 12a forms a dome that ends at the bottom of the outlets 14. In other embodiments, other shapes can be used.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio between the outlets 13, 14 diameter and the distance between the outlets 13 and the mold 3 is more than 0.05 and less than 0.2.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio between the upper outlets 13 diameter and the side channels 12b, 12c diameter is more than 0.4 and less than 1.2. In this specific embodiment, the ratio between the lower outlets 14 diameter and the central channel 12a diameter is more than 0.4 and less than 1.

[0068] The present invention has two preferred embodiments for its usage named respectively bulk alloying and shell alloying. Only the differences between the two preferred embodiments will be described separately. The invention in a usage configuration is shown in FIG. 1.

[0069] A liquid metal of a defined composition is poured from a ladle into a tundish 2. In a preferred embodiment, the liquid metal is steel and the usage of the nozzle 1 will be described with it. The steel flows into the upper part 4 of the continuous casting nozzle 1, thus creating an initial stream. A stopper rod 23 allows the control of the initial flow rate.

[0070] The dome 6 placed in the trajectory of the steel forces the initial stream to collide on it. The slope of the dome 6 makes the steel flow towards its edge. The support arms 7 create different areas on the dome 6, dividing the steel into a plurality of separate streams. The number of separate streams is determined by the design of the dome 6 and its support arms 7. In this specific embodiment, the number of separate streams is three.

[0071] The separate streams flow then into the different mixing chambers 9a, 9b. FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional view of the mixing chambers. In this configuration, a part of the streams flows into the chamber inside the V-shape 9a and the other part flows into the chamber outside the V-shape 9b. Powder is injected at the same time into one of the mixing chambers 9a, 9b. The design of the chambers, having a large section at the top, allows the steel to flow down the dome like a waterfall and allows the powder to be injected into the flow without the steel coming into contact with the means for injecting powder. The reduction of the section of the chambers allows the steel to be slowed down and to accumulate in the chambers 9a, 9b. The reduction of the section of the chambers allows the steel to be agitated inside the chamber. Consequently, the powder can be mixed efficiently with the steel in said chamber 9a, 9b to modify its composition, and starts melting. This step allows the liquid steel into which powder is injected to be homogeneous. The reduction of the section of the chambers can be done through various configurations of the walls. For example, the reduction can be done with a regular slope or stepwise or any means for reducing the section.

[0072] The powder injected into the steel can be of various composition, for example, it can be FeSi, Ni, FeAl, FeTi, FeCr, FeNb, FeB, FeCe, FeMo, etc.

[0073] The step of powder addition is different between the two preferred embodiments. For the bulk alloying embodiment, the powder is injected into the chamber inside the V-shape 9a by means of at least one powder injection 10, FIG. 3 shows only one injection, whereas for the shell alloying embodiment, the powder is injected into the chamber outside the V-shape 9b by means of at least one powder injection 10. FIG. 4 shows two powder injections.

[0074] In both embodiments, the injection of powder is facilitated by a gas injection 11 that creates a gas flow which maintains the steel flowing down the dome 6 towards the exterior of the upper part 4, thus creating a zone below the dome 6 without steel. This hollow zone prevents any contact between the steel and the powder injection 10 thus avoiding potential clogging of the powder injection 10.

[0075] The gas is preferably non-oxidizing, Ar for example, to prevent any reaction with the steel during casting.

[0076] After the injection, the two mixing chambers 9a, 9b contain two types of steel with different composition.

[0077] The steels flow then into the channels 12a, 12b, 12c of the lower part 5 of the nozzle 1 which are connected to the chambers after the reduction of their section, as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 11. The steel in the chamber located inside the V-shape 9a flows into the central channel 12a and the steel in the chamber located outside the V-shape 9b flows into the side channels 12b, 12c. The different steels are then poured into the mold 3 through the outlets 13, 14 of the channels 12a, 12b, 12c.

[0078] The steel from the central channel 12a is poured deeper into the mold 3 due to the central channel 12a being longer than the side channels 12b, 12c. This configuration allows the two types of steels to be poured at different heights into the mold 3, thus creating two pools of steel, an upper pool 15 and a lower pool 16 having different compositions. The upper pool 15 is formed by the steel coming from the side channels 12b, 12c and the lower pool 16 is formed by the steel coming from the central channel 12a.

[0079] The outlets13, 14 of the nozzle 1 are submerged into the different pools of steel during usage. The upper outlets 13 of the side channels 12b, 12c are submerged into the upper pool 15 and the lower outlets 14 of the central channel 12a are submerged into the lower pool 16.

[0080] The composition of the pools is different according to the embodiment.

[0081] For the bulk alloying embodiment, the composition of the upper pool 15 is the composition of the steel coming from the tundish 2 only. The composition of the lower pool 16 is the combination of the composition of the steel coming from the tundish 2 and the composition of the powder injected.

[0082] For the shell alloying embodiment, the composition of the upper pool 15 is the combination of the composition of the steel coming from the tundish 2 and the composition of the powder injected. The composition of the lower pool 16 is the composition of the steel coming from the tundish 2 only.

[0083] In both embodiments, in the mold 3, the steel of the upper pool 15 solidifies first thus creating a shell 17. The steel of the lower pool 16 solidifies then inside the shell 17 thus creating the bulk 18 of the material. After full solidification, the material obtained is a composite metallic slab with a composition different in its shell than in its bulk.

[0084] To cast a composite metallic slab with sufficient quality, each pool must have a homogeneous composition and the boundary between them has to be stable. These elements are influenced by the behavior of the different streams of liquid metal coming from the nozzle 1.

[0085] The design of the nozzle 1, having at least two lateral upper outlets 13 and at least two lateral lower outlets 14, allows the flows in the mold to be oriented towards the narrow faces and reach them, as shown in FIG. 8, thus assuring the homogeneity of the two pools (15, 16).

[0086] These flows, created by the design of the nozzle, assure the stability of the boundary between the two pools of liquid metal (15, 16).

[0087] For example, in the configuration shown in FIG. 9, the streams coming from the upper outlets 13 create a main ascending flow 19 in the upper pool 15 as it meets the narrow faces of the mold 3 and a secondary descending flow 20 with a smaller flow rate. Conversely, the streams coming from the lower outlets 15 create a main descending flow 21 in the lower pool 16 as they meet the narrow faces of the mold 3 and a secondary ascending flow 22 with a smaller flow rate.

[0088] The design of the outlets can influence the stability of the boundary between the two pools and the homogeneity as they influence the initial direction and speed of the flows. A person having ordinary skill in the art will determine the characteristics of the outlets 13, 14 to optimize these parameters. Among the characteristics, the diameter of the outlet with respect to the diameter of the channel, the diameter of the outlet with respect to the distance between the outlets and the mold 3 and the angles a and 3 of the outlet axes with respect to the horizontal can be considered.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the lower outlets 14 axes have an angle a with respect to the horizontal between 15° and 40° and the upper outlets axes have an angle β with respect to the horizontal between −10° and 10° as it allows to reach an optimum of stability of the two pools.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio between the outlets 13, 14 diameter and the distance between the outlets 13 and the mold 3 is more than 0.05 and less than 0.2.

[0091] For the bulk alloying embodiment, a preferred ratio between the upper outlets 13 diameter and the side channels 12b, 12c diameter is more than 0.8 and less than 1.2. In this specific embodiment, the ratio between the lower outlets 14 diameter and the central channel 12a diameter is more than 0.6 and less than 1.

[0092] For the shell alloying embodiment, a preferred ratio between the upper outlets 13 diameter and the side channels 12b, 12c diameter is more than 0.4 and less than 0.8. In this specific embodiment, the ratio between the lower outlets 14 diameter and the central channel 12a diameter is more than 0.4 and less than 0.8.

[0093] The different shapes of the channels at the level of the outlets also have an influence on the stability of the boundary.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the central channel 12a, at the level of the lower outlets 14, has a dome shape as it allows optimal stability of the boundary. In another embodiment, the bottom of the central channel 12a, at the level of the lower outlets 14, has a flat shape or a recess shape.

[0095] For the bulk alloying embodiment, a preferred shape for the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c, at the level of the upper outlets 13, is a flat shape as it allows an optimal stability of the boundary. In another embodiment, the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c, at the level of the upper outlets 13 has a recess shape or a slope shape.

[0096] For the shell alloying embodiment, a preferred shape for the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c, at the level of the upper outlets 13, is a flat shape or a recess shape as it allows an optimal stability of the boundary. In another embodiment, the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c, at the level of the upper outlets 13 has a slope shape.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment, the nozzle 1 is mainly composed of a refractory material surrounded by a metal ring.

[0098] In its usage configuration, the continuous casting nozzle 1 meets the expectations in terms of stability and homogeneity. It allows a stable casting speed and the different streams of liquid metal allow for a great stability and a great homogeneity of the two pools into the mold 3. This stability results in a great quality of the semi-finished product with a well-defined gradient of composition between its shell and its bulk.

Examples

Embodiment Construction

[0049]One aim of the invention is to cast a composite metallic slab. The section of a slab is rectangular with two long sides and two small edges, as shown in FIG. 10.

[0050]FIG. 1 shows a nozzle 1 disposed between a tundish 2 and a mold 3 adapted to the casting of a slab, having two long faces and two narrow faces. The nozzle 1 is composed of an upper part 4 and a lower part 5.

[0051]A dome 6 is disposed at the inlet of the upper part 4 and closes a part of it. The top of the dome 6 preferably has a slope of a certain angle, higher than 15° for example. The dome 6 also has a lateral side, preferably forming a sharp edge with the slope. The dome 6 is fixed to the upper part 4 by one or more support arms 7.

[0052]An internal wall 8, located below the dome 6, creates at least two mixing chambers 9a, 9b in the upper part 4. In the configuration presented in FIG. 1, two chambers are present 9a, 9b.

[0053]A means for injecting powder 10 and a means for injecting gas 11 are also comprised in...

[0001] The present invention relates to continuous casting equipment. In particular, the present invention relates to a continuous casting nozzle with an improved design made for manufacturing a composite metallic slab.BACKGROUND

[0002] The continuous casting of steel is a well-known process. It consists of pouring a liquid metal from a ladle into a tundish intended to regulate the stream, then pouring the metal into the upper part of a water-cooled bottomless copper mold undergoing a vertical reciprocating movement. The solidified semi-finished product is extracted from the lower part of the mold by rollers. The liquid metal is introduced into the mold by means of a tubular duct called a nozzle placed between the tundish and the mold.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] However, this simple equipment is not suitable for the casting of a composite metallic product. The nozzle being a simple duct, it can only be used as a pouring tool for the liquid metal between the tundish and the mold. Therefore, the nozzle and the method of casting must be modified to allow the casting of a composite metallic product.

[0004] Japanese Patent Application JP11197807 describes a continuous casting nozzle for manufacturing a multilayer cast piece, being formed of a vertical duct having multiple discharge ports in the vertical direction, the duct being divided on the inside by a partition wall creating multiple molten steel flow passages and having one or multiple ports for adding raw material.

[0005] The continuous casting nozzle described allows the injection of two types of molten metals, differing in composition, into the mold at different heights thus creating two pools of liquid metal, an upper pool and a lower pool, differing by their respective composition. The metal located in the upper pool solidifies first, creating a shell having the composition of the upper pool. The metal located in the lower pool solidifies then inside the shell, forming the bulk of the material and having the composition of the lower pool, thus creating a composite metallic product.

[0006] When manufacturing a composite metallic product by continuous casting, to obtain a product of excellent quality, it is necessary to reach a very good stability of the two pools of liquid metal into the mold and the streams of liquid metal coming from the nozzle, as well as a very good homogeneity of the pools compositions.

[0007] Japanese Patent Application JP11197807 uses a static magnetic field and injects the different streams of liquid metal above and below the magnetic field to stabilize the two pools.

[0008] However the solution proposed in the prior art does not provide a sufficient solution in terms of stability of the different streams of liquid metal and homogeneity of the pools of liquid metal. Moreover, the specific magnetic field brings complexity to the casting operations.

[0009] The present invention discloses a continuous casting nozzle for manufacturing a composite metallic slab with an improved design, allowing better stability of the liquid metal streams and better homogeneity of the pools of liquid metal with simple equipment.

[0010] The present invention provides a continuous casting nozzle for manufacturing a composite metallic slab, said nozzle 1 being located between a tundish 2 and a mold 3, said nozzle 1 comprising:

[0011] an upper part 4 disposed downstream of the tundish 2 with respect to the direction of travel of the liquid metal,

[0012] a dome 6 disposed at the inlet of the upper part 4, said dome 6 comprising means for splitting the initial stream of liquid metal into at least two separate streams,

[0013] an internal wall 8 located below the dome 6, creating at least two mixing chambers 9a, 9b, said separate streams of liquid metal flowing respectively in each of said chambers 9a, 9b,

[0014] means for injecting powder 10 through the dome 6 into at least one of said chambers 9a, 9b, to allow mixing with the liquid metal flowing into said chamber 9a, 9b, and

[0015] a lower part 5 composed of at least a central channel 12a and side channels 12b, 12c, extending from the upper part 4 into the mold 3, said central channel 12a being connected to one of said chambers 9a, 9b, said central channel 12a being longer than said side channels 12b, 12c, and said side channels 12b, 12c being connected to at least one other chamber 9b, wherein said central channel 12a allows the liquid metal to flow into the mold 3 by means of at least two lateral lower outlets 14 and said side channels 12b, 12c allow the liquid metal to flow into the mold 3 by means of at least one lateral upper outlet 13 for each channel.

[0016] The continuous casting nozzle according to the present invention may also have the optional features listed below, considered individually or in combination:

[0017] the lower outlets 14 axis have an angle a with respect to the horizontal,

[0018] the upper outlets 13 axis have an angle β with respect to the horizontal,

[0019] the bottom of said side channels 12b, 12c at the level of the upper outlets 13 has a shape selected among: a flat, a recess, or a slope,

[0020] the bottom of the central channel 12a between the two lower outlets 14 has a shape selected among: a flat, a recess or a dome,

[0021] the dome 6 further comprises a means for injecting gas 11 through the dome 6,

[0022] the dome further comprises support arms 7.

[0023] The present invention also provides a method of continuous casting of a composite metallic slab, using a continuous casting nozzle 1 according to the invention wherein:

[0024] liquid metal is poured in a tundish 2 located above said continuous casting nozzle 1,

[0025] said liquid metal flows from the tundish 2 into the upper part 4 of said casting nozzle 1 creating an initial stream,

[0026] said initial stream collides onto the dome 6, thus separating it into a defined number of separate streams,

[0027] said separate streams flow into the mixing chambers 9a, 9b of the nozzle 1,

[0028] powder is injected into one of said chambers 9a, 9b and mixed with the stream of liquid metal flowing into said chamber 9a, 9b thus modifying its composition,

[0029] said separate streams are then distributed into the channels 12a, 12b, 12c of the lower part of said continuous casting nozzle 1, and

[0030] said liquid metal is poured into the mold 3, wherein the liquid metal flowing in the side channels 12b, 12c, is poured into the mold by means of the upper outlets 13 and the liquid metal flowing into the central channel 12a is poured deeper into the mold by means of the lower outlets 14, thus forming two distinct pools of liquid metal 15, 16 into the mold 3.

[0031] The method of continuous casting according to the invention may also have the optional features listed below, considered individually or in combination:

[0032] the liquid metal is steel,

[0033] the powder is injected in the chamber connected to the central channel 9a,

[0034] the liquid metal in the upper pool 15 in the mold 3 is composed of the base metal coming from the tundish 2 only and the liquid metal in the lower pool 16 in the mold 3 is composed of the base metal coming from the tundish 2 mixed with the powder injected below the dome 6,

[0035] the powder is injected in the chamber connected to the side channels 9b,

[0036] the liquid metal in the upper pool 15 in the mold 3 is composed of the base metal coming from the tundish 2 mixed with the powder injected below the dome 6 and the liquid metal in the lower pool 16 in the mold 3 is composed of the base metal coming from the tundish 2 only.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The present invention will be described, in a non-limitative way, in reference to the following drawings:

[0038] FIG. 1: general view of the nozzle according to the invention, in a usage configuration,

[0039] FIG. 2: view of the bottom of the lower part of the nozzle,

[0040] FIG. 3: dome observed with a view from above for a bulk alloying embodiment,

[0041] FIG. 4: dome observed with a view from above for a shell alloying embodiment,

[0042] FIG. 5: cross-sectional view A-A of the upper part of the nozzle below the dome of FIG. 1,

[0043] FIG. 6: upper outlets with different embodiments for the shape of the bottom of the side channels, a: flat shape, b: recess shape, c: slope shape,

[0044] FIG. 7: lower outlets with different embodiments for the shape of the bottom of the central channels, a: flat shape, b: recess shape, c: dome shape,

[0045] FIG. 8: cross-sectional view B-B of the mold and the nozzle with representation of the flows,

[0046] FIG. 9: submerged part of the nozzle with a representation of the flows in the mold,

[0047] FIG. 10: section of the composite metallic slab obtained by continuous casting, and

[0048] FIG. 11: cross-sectional view of the mixing chambers of the nozzle of FIG. 1.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] One aim of the invention is to cast a composite metallic slab. The section of a slab is rectangular with two long sides and two small edges, as shown in FIG. 10.

[0050] FIG. 1 shows a nozzle 1 disposed between a tundish 2 and a mold 3 adapted to the casting of a slab, having two long faces and two narrow faces. The nozzle 1 is composed of an upper part 4 and a lower part 5.

[0051] A dome 6 is disposed at the inlet of the upper part 4 and closes a part of it. The top of the dome 6 preferably has a slope of a certain angle, higher than 15° for example. The dome 6 also has a lateral side, preferably forming a sharp edge with the slope. The dome 6 is fixed to the upper part 4 by one or more support arms 7.

[0052] An internal wall 8, located below the dome 6, creates at least two mixing chambers 9a, 9b in the upper part 4. In the configuration presented in FIG. 1, two chambers are present 9a, 9b.

[0053] A means for injecting powder 10 and a means for injecting gas 11 are also comprised in the upper part 4, each one being partly located in one of the support arms 7 and passing through the dome 6. The means for injecting powder 10 can be an endless screw, for example, linked to a powder tank.

[0054] FIG. 3 shows a configuration of the dome 6 having three support arms 7 and having one passage for powder injection 10 located in one of the support arms 7 and two passages for gas injection 11 located in the other two support arms 7.

[0055] FIG. 4 shows another configuration of the dome 6 also having three support arms 7 but unlike the one represented in FIG. 3, it has two passages for powder injection 10 located in two support arms 7 and one passage for gas injection 11 located in the other support arm 7. In this configuration, the two passages for powder injection 10 can be linked to two different powder injectors, each one having a different type of powder.

[0056] The dome 6 can also have other configurations with less or more support arms. A configuration with four support arms 7, for example, can be considered.

[0057] As shown in FIG. 1, the lower part 5 of the nozzle 1 is composed of three channels 12a, 12b, 12c extending from the mixing chambers 9a, 9b of the upper part 4 and ending into the mold 3. FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the bottom of the lower part 5 of the nozzle 1 of the configuration shown in FIG. 1. The side channels 12b, 12c are opening into the mold 3 by means of two upper outlets 13, one for each channel. The central channel 12a is opening into the mold by means of two lower outlets 14. The axes of the lower outlets 14 form an angle a with respect to the horizontal. The angle a is preferably from 15° to 40°. The axes of the upper outlets 13 form an angle 3 with respect to the horizontal. The angle is preferably from −10° to 10°. The angles are oriented downwards.

[0058] In the present embodiment, the channels 12a, 12b, 12c are of circular shape. In a preferred embodiment, the channels 12a, 12b, 12c have a round or elliptic section.

[0059] FIG. 5 shows the cross-sectional view A-A of the nozzle 1 in the configuration described in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are disposed with the same orientation as FIG. 5. FIG. 3 can be superposed with FIG. 5 to have a cross-sectional view of the nozzle 1 above the dome 6. The same can be applied to FIG. 4 with FIG. 5 to obtain the view of another configuration.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 5, the internal wall 8 has a V-shape, thus creating two mixing chambers 9a, 9b of different volumes. The chamber located inside the V-shape 9a is linked to the central channel 12a and the chamber located outside the V-shape 9b is linked to the side channels 12b, 12c.

[0061] In other configurations, the internal wall 8 has a different shape creating a different number of chambers. For example, a Y-shape can create three chambers of different volumes, or a simple wall can create two chambers with the exact same volume.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 1, the central channel 12a is longer than the two side channels 12b, 12c thus opening deeper into the mold 3. In this embodiment, the three channels are aligned, as shown in FIG. 5.

[0063] Other configurations can be considered, for example, a third side channel, not aligned with the other channels 12a, 12b, 12c, can be added, thus creating another geometry.

[0064] FIG. 6 shows different embodiments of the shape of the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c at the level of the upper outlets 13. FIG. 6a shows a flat shape, the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c is flat and is at the same level as the bottom of the outlet 13. FIG. 6b shows a recess shape, the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c is also flat but is lower than the bottom of the outlet 13 thus forming a recess. FIG. 6c shows a slope shape, the bottom of the side channel 12b, 12c forms a slope that ends at the bottom of the outlet 13. In other embodiments, other shapes can be used.

[0065] FIG. 7 shows different embodiments of the shape of the bottom of the central channel 12a at the level of the lower outlets 14. FIG. 7a shows a flat shape, the bottom of the central channel 12a is flat and is at the same level as the bottom of the outlets 14. FIG. 7b shows a recess shape, the bottom of the central channels 12a is also flat but is lower than the bottom of the outlets 14 thus forming a recess. FIG. 7c shows a dome shape, the bottom of the central channel 12a forms a dome that ends at the bottom of the outlets 14. In other embodiments, other shapes can be used.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio between the outlets 13, 14 diameter and the distance between the outlets 13 and the mold 3 is more than 0.05 and less than 0.2.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio between the upper outlets 13 diameter and the side channels 12b, 12c diameter is more than 0.4 and less than 1.2. In this specific embodiment, the ratio between the lower outlets 14 diameter and the central channel 12a diameter is more than 0.4 and less than 1.

[0068] The present invention has two preferred embodiments for its usage named respectively bulk alloying and shell alloying. Only the differences between the two preferred embodiments will be described separately. The invention in a usage configuration is shown in FIG. 1.

[0069] A liquid metal of a defined composition is poured from a ladle into a tundish 2. In a preferred embodiment, the liquid metal is steel and the usage of the nozzle 1 will be described with it. The steel flows into the upper part 4 of the continuous casting nozzle 1, thus creating an initial stream. A stopper rod 23 allows the control of the initial flow rate.

[0070] The dome 6 placed in the trajectory of the steel forces the initial stream to collide on it. The slope of the dome 6 makes the steel flow towards its edge. The support arms 7 create different areas on the dome 6, dividing the steel into a plurality of separate streams. The number of separate streams is determined by the design of the dome 6 and its support arms 7. In this specific embodiment, the number of separate streams is three.

[0071] The separate streams flow then into the different mixing chambers 9a, 9b. FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional view of the mixing chambers. In this configuration, a part of the streams flows into the chamber inside the V-shape 9a and the other part flows into the chamber outside the V-shape 9b. Powder is injected at the same time into one of the mixing chambers 9a, 9b. The design of the chambers, having a large section at the top, allows the steel to flow down the dome like a waterfall and allows the powder to be injected into the flow without the steel coming into contact with the means for injecting powder. The reduction of the section of the chambers allows the steel to be slowed down and to accumulate in the chambers 9a, 9b. The reduction of the section of the chambers allows the steel to be agitated inside the chamber. Consequently, the powder can be mixed efficiently with the steel in said chamber 9a, 9b to modify its composition, and starts melting. This step allows the liquid steel into which powder is injected to be homogeneous. The reduction of the section of the chambers can be done through various configurations of the walls. For example, the reduction can be done with a regular slope or stepwise or any means for reducing the section.

[0072] The powder injected into the steel can be of various composition, for example, it can be FeSi, Ni, FeAl, FeTi, FeCr, FeNb, FeB, FeCe, FeMo, etc.

[0073] The step of powder addition is different between the two preferred embodiments. For the bulk alloying embodiment, the powder is injected into the chamber inside the V-shape 9a by means of at least one powder injection 10, FIG. 3 shows only one injection, whereas for the shell alloying embodiment, the powder is injected into the chamber outside the V-shape 9b by means of at least one powder injection 10. FIG. 4 shows two powder injections.

[0074] In both embodiments, the injection of powder is facilitated by a gas injection 11 that creates a gas flow which maintains the steel flowing down the dome 6 towards the exterior of the upper part 4, thus creating a zone below the dome 6 without steel. This hollow zone prevents any contact between the steel and the powder injection 10 thus avoiding potential clogging of the powder injection 10.

[0075] The gas is preferably non-oxidizing, Ar for example, to prevent any reaction with the steel during casting.

[0076] After the injection, the two mixing chambers 9a, 9b contain two types of steel with different composition.

[0077] The steels flow then into the channels 12a, 12b, 12c of the lower part 5 of the nozzle 1 which are connected to the chambers after the reduction of their section, as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 11. The steel in the chamber located inside the V-shape 9a flows into the central channel 12a and the steel in the chamber located outside the V-shape 9b flows into the side channels 12b, 12c. The different steels are then poured into the mold 3 through the outlets 13, 14 of the channels 12a, 12b, 12c.

[0078] The steel from the central channel 12a is poured deeper into the mold 3 due to the central channel 12a being longer than the side channels 12b, 12c. This configuration allows the two types of steels to be poured at different heights into the mold 3, thus creating two pools of steel, an upper pool 15 and a lower pool 16 having different compositions. The upper pool 15 is formed by the steel coming from the side channels 12b, 12c and the lower pool 16 is formed by the steel coming from the central channel 12a.

[0079] The outlets13, 14 of the nozzle 1 are submerged into the different pools of steel during usage. The upper outlets 13 of the side channels 12b, 12c are submerged into the upper pool 15 and the lower outlets 14 of the central channel 12a are submerged into the lower pool 16.

[0080] The composition of the pools is different according to the embodiment.

[0081] For the bulk alloying embodiment, the composition of the upper pool 15 is the composition of the steel coming from the tundish 2 only. The composition of the lower pool 16 is the combination of the composition of the steel coming from the tundish 2 and the composition of the powder injected.

[0082] For the shell alloying embodiment, the composition of the upper pool 15 is the combination of the composition of the steel coming from the tundish 2 and the composition of the powder injected. The composition of the lower pool 16 is the composition of the steel coming from the tundish 2 only.

[0083] In both embodiments, in the mold 3, the steel of the upper pool 15 solidifies first thus creating a shell 17. The steel of the lower pool 16 solidifies then inside the shell 17 thus creating the bulk 18 of the material. After full solidification, the material obtained is a composite metallic slab with a composition different in its shell than in its bulk.

[0084] To cast a composite metallic slab with sufficient quality, each pool must have a homogeneous composition and the boundary between them has to be stable. These elements are influenced by the behavior of the different streams of liquid metal coming from the nozzle 1.

[0085] The design of the nozzle 1, having at least two lateral upper outlets 13 and at least two lateral lower outlets 14, allows the flows in the mold to be oriented towards the narrow faces and reach them, as shown in FIG. 8, thus assuring the homogeneity of the two pools (15, 16).

[0086] These flows, created by the design of the nozzle, assure the stability of the boundary between the two pools of liquid metal (15, 16).

[0087] For example, in the configuration shown in FIG. 9, the streams coming from the upper outlets 13 create a main ascending flow 19 in the upper pool 15 as it meets the narrow faces of the mold 3 and a secondary descending flow 20 with a smaller flow rate. Conversely, the streams coming from the lower outlets 15 create a main descending flow 21 in the lower pool 16 as they meet the narrow faces of the mold 3 and a secondary ascending flow 22 with a smaller flow rate.

[0088] The design of the outlets can influence the stability of the boundary between the two pools and the homogeneity as they influence the initial direction and speed of the flows. A person having ordinary skill in the art will determine the characteristics of the outlets 13, 14 to optimize these parameters. Among the characteristics, the diameter of the outlet with respect to the diameter of the channel, the diameter of the outlet with respect to the distance between the outlets and the mold 3 and the angles a and 3 of the outlet axes with respect to the horizontal can be considered.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the lower outlets 14 axes have an angle a with respect to the horizontal between 15° and 40° and the upper outlets axes have an angle β with respect to the horizontal between −10° and 10° as it allows to reach an optimum of stability of the two pools.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio between the outlets 13, 14 diameter and the distance between the outlets 13 and the mold 3 is more than 0.05 and less than 0.2.

[0091] For the bulk alloying embodiment, a preferred ratio between the upper outlets 13 diameter and the side channels 12b, 12c diameter is more than 0.8 and less than 1.2. In this specific embodiment, the ratio between the lower outlets 14 diameter and the central channel 12a diameter is more than 0.6 and less than 1.

[0092] For the shell alloying embodiment, a preferred ratio between the upper outlets 13 diameter and the side channels 12b, 12c diameter is more than 0.4 and less than 0.8. In this specific embodiment, the ratio between the lower outlets 14 diameter and the central channel 12a diameter is more than 0.4 and less than 0.8.

[0093] The different shapes of the channels at the level of the outlets also have an influence on the stability of the boundary.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the central channel 12a, at the level of the lower outlets 14, has a dome shape as it allows optimal stability of the boundary. In another embodiment, the bottom of the central channel 12a, at the level of the lower outlets 14, has a flat shape or a recess shape.

[0095] For the bulk alloying embodiment, a preferred shape for the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c, at the level of the upper outlets 13, is a flat shape as it allows an optimal stability of the boundary. In another embodiment, the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c, at the level of the upper outlets 13 has a recess shape or a slope shape.

[0096] For the shell alloying embodiment, a preferred shape for the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c, at the level of the upper outlets 13, is a flat shape or a recess shape as it allows an optimal stability of the boundary. In another embodiment, the bottom of the side channels 12b, 12c, at the level of the upper outlets 13 has a slope shape.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment, the nozzle 1 is mainly composed of a refractory material surrounded by a metal ring.

[0098] In its usage configuration, the continuous casting nozzle 1 meets the expectations in terms of stability and homogeneity. It allows a stable casting speed and the different streams of liquid metal allow for a great stability and a great homogeneity of the two pools into the mold 3. This stability results in a great quality of the semi-finished product with a well-defined gradient of composition between its shell and its bulk.

Examples

Embodiment Construction

[0049]One aim of the invention is to cast a composite metallic slab. The section of a slab is rectangular with two long sides and two small edges, as shown in FIG. 10.

[0050]FIG. 1 shows a nozzle 1 disposed between a tundish 2 and a mold 3 adapted to the casting of a slab, having two long faces and two narrow faces. The nozzle 1 is composed of an upper part 4 and a lower part 5.

[0051]A dome 6 is disposed at the inlet of the upper part 4 and closes a part of it. The top of the dome 6 preferably has a slope of a certain angle, higher than 15° for example. The dome 6 also has a lateral side, preferably forming a sharp edge with the slope. The dome 6 is fixed to the upper part 4 by one or more support arms 7.

[0052]An internal wall 8, located below the dome 6, creates at least two mixing chambers 9a, 9b in the upper part 4. In the configuration presented in FIG. 1, two chambers are present 9a, 9b.

[0053]A means for injecting powder 10 and a means for injecting gas 11 are also comprised in...

Claims

1-13 (canceled)14. A continuous casting nozzle for manufacturing a composite metallic product, the nozzle being located between a tundish and a mold, the nozzle comprising:an upper part disposed downstream of the tundish with respect to the direction of travel of the liquid metal;a dome disposed at the inlet of the upper part, the dome including a splitter for splitting an initial stream of liquid metal into at least two separate streams;an internal wall located below the dome and creating at least two mixing chambers, the separate streams of liquid metal flowing respectively in each of the mixing chambers;an injector for injecting powder through the dome into at least one of the mixing chambers to allow mixing with the liquid metal flowing into the at least one of the mixing chambers; anda lower part composed of at least a central channel and side channels, extending from the upper part into the mold, the central channel being connected to one of the mixing chambers, the central channel being longer than the side channels, and the side channels being connected to at least one other of the mixing chambers,the central channel allowing the liquid metal to flow into the mold via at least two lateral lower outlets and the side channels allowing the liquid metal to flow into the mold via at least one lateral upper outlet for each of the side channels.

15. The continuous casting nozzle as recited in claim 14 wherein the lower outlets have a lower outlet axis having an angle with respect to the horizontal.

16. The continuous casting nozzle as recited in claim 14 wherein the upper outlets have an upper outlet axis having an angle with respect to the horizontal.

17. The continuous casting nozzle as recited in claim 14 wherein a bottom of the side channels at a level of the upper outlets has a shape of flat, with a recess, or sloped.

18. The continuous casting nozzle as recited in claim 14 wherein a bottom of the central channel between the two lower outlets has a shape of flat, with a recess or domed.

19. The continuous casting nozzle as recited in claim 14 wherein the dome further includes a gas injector for injecting gas through the dome.

20. The continuous casting nozzle as recited in claim 14 wherein the dome further includes support arms.

21. A method of continuous casting of a composite metallic product, using the continuous casting nozzle as recited in claim 14 wherein:liquid metal is poured in the tundish located above the continuous casting nozzle;the liquid metal flows from the tundish into the upper part of the casting nozzle creating the initial stream;the initial stream collides onto the dome, thus separating the initial stream into a defined number of the separate streams;the separate streams flow into the mixing chambers of the nozzle;the powder is injected into one of the mixing chambers and mixed with the stream of liquid metal flowing into the mixing chamber thus modifying a composition;the separate streams are then distributed into the central and side channels of the lower part of the continuous casting nozzle; andthe liquid metal is poured into the mold, wherein the liquid metal flowing in the side channels is poured into the mold via the upper outlets and the liquid metal flowing into the central channel is poured deeper into the mold via the lower outlets, thus forming two distinct pools of liquid metal in the mold.

22. The method as recited in claim 21 wherein the liquid metal is steel.

23. The method as recited in claim 21 wherein the powder is injected in the mixing chamber connected to the central channel.

24. The method as recited in claim 23 wherein the liquid metal in an upper pool of the two distinct pools is composed of the base metal coming from the tundish only and the liquid metal in a lower pool of the two distinct pools is composed of the base metal coming from the tundish mixed with the powder injected below the dome.

25. The method as recited in claim 21 wherein the powder is injected in the mixing chamber connected to the side channels.

26. The method as recited in claim 25 wherein the liquid metal in an upper pool of the two distinct pools is composed of the base metal coming from the tundish mixed with the powder injected below the dome and the liquid metal in a lower pool of the two distinct pools is composed of the base metal coming from the tundish only.

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