Shot indicating resetting trigger

Abstract

A firearm training apparatus includes a trigger movably mounted to the housing. The trigger includes an actuating portion. An internal arm is movably mounted to the housing at a fulcrum, and includes a base area and a distal area. The first magnet is fixed relative to the housing, and the second magnet is fixed to the distal area of the internal arm, and are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion is configured to engage the base area upon movement of the trigger, causing rotation of the internal arm about the fulcrum and separation of the second magnet from the first magnet. Further, a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area to the fulcrum is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum. Moreover, a magnetic field sensor is positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to firearms training devices and, and more particularly to a shot indicating resetting trigger (SIRT).BACKGROUND

[0002] It is very desirous to have training systems that allow training with pistols, and, in particular, with small compact pistols in safe and effective manner.

[0003] Training pistols designed for firearms simulation and training typically employ mechanical systems to replicate trigger pull characteristics, relying on force amplification mechanisms to mimic the tactile feedback of live-fire weapons. These conventional systems, however, face significant challenges in accurately reproducing the sharp, abrupt trigger break sensation characteristic of high-quality firearms, often resulting in a less realistic training experience.

[0004] Additionally, existing solutions lack comprehensive diagnostic capabilities to assess trigger control metrics such as overtravel, break timing, and muzzle stability, limiting their utility for performance analysis and skill development.

[0005] Mechanical trigger mechanisms also exhibit reliability issues when operated in non-standard orientations, such as sideways or inverted positions, due to dependence on gravity for reset functionality, leading to inconsistent operation and the need for frequent recalibration. Environmental factors, including temperature fluctuations and physical wear, further exacerbate these limitations, reducing the durability and maintenance efficiency of traditional training pistols.

[0006] While some prior art incorporates basic sensors for rudimentary feedback, there remains a critical need for integrated, orientation-independent systems that provide precise tactile simulation, reliable reset mechanisms, and detailed diagnostics to enhance training accuracy and adaptability across diverse operational scenarios.SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the prior art, the general purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a shot indicating resetting trigger to include all advantages of the prior art, and to overcome the drawbacks inherent in the prior art.

[0008] In one aspect, a firearm training apparatus includes a housing, a trigger, an internal arm, a magnet set including a first magnet and a second magnet. The trigger is movably mounted to the housing. The trigger includes an actuating portion. The internal arm is movably mounted to the housing at a fulcrum. The internal arm having a base area and a distal area. Further, the first magnet is fixed relative to the housing, and the second magnet is fixed to the distal area of the internal arm. The first and second magnets are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion of the trigger is configured to engage the base area of the internal arm upon movement of the trigger, causing rotation of the internal arm about the fulcrum and separation of the second magnet from the first magnet. Further, a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area to the fulcrum is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum. Moreover, a magnetic field sensor is positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet.

[0009] In an example, a mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance is less than 0.5. In an another example, a mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance is between 0.15 and 0.3.

[0010] In an embodiment, the internal arm further includes a return tab configured to engage a surface of the actuating portion to rotate the internal arm back toward a rest position when the trigger moves forward. The attraction between the first and second magnets assists the return tab in returning the internal arm toward the rest position.

[0011] In an embodiment, the apparatus further includes a trigger break adjustment mechanism configured to adjust an initial separation distance between the first and second magnets. The trigger break adjustment mechanism comprises a lever arm positioned to engage the distal area of the internal arm, and an adjustment member configured to reposition the lever arm to vary the initial separation distance.

[0012] In an example, the magnetic field sensor may include a Hall effect sensor.

[0013] In an embodiment, the apparatus further includes a laser emitter operatively connected to the magnetic field sensor, wherein the laser emitter is activated when the magnetic field sensor detects the second magnet.

[0014] In an arrangement, the first and second magnets are positioned such that magnetic attraction forces between them increase nonlinearly as separation distance decreases.

[0015] In another aspect, a firearm training apparatus includes a firearm training apparatus includes a housing, a trigger, an internal arm, a magnet set including a first magnet and a second magnet. The trigger is movably mounted to the housing. The trigger includes an actuating portion. The internal arm is movably mounted to the housing at a fulcrum. The internal arm having a base area and a distal area. Further, the first magnet is fixed relative to the housing, and the second magnet is fixed to the distal area of the internal arm, wherein the first and second magnets are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion of the trigger is configured to engage the base area of the internal arm upon movement of the trigger, causing rotation of the internal arm about the fulcrum and separation of the second magnet from the first magnet. Further, a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area to the fulcrum is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum. A magnetic field sensor is positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet, and a first optical sensor is positioned to detect initial movement of the trigger.

[0016] In an example, the first optical sensor comprises a photo-interrupter.

[0017] In an embodiment, trigger further includes a first extension configured to interrupt light within the first optical sensor upon initial movement of the trigger.

[0018] In an embodiment, the apparatus further includes a control circuit and a first laser emitter. The control circuit is in communication with the first optical sensor. Further, the first laser emitter is operatively connected to the control circuit, wherein the control circuit activates the first laser emitter upon detection of initial trigger movement by the first optical sensor.

[0019] In further aspect, a firearm training apparatus includes a firearm training apparatus includes a housing, a trigger, an internal arm, a magnet set including a first magnet and a second magnet. The trigger is movably mounted to the housing, the trigger comprising an actuating portion. The internal arm is movably mounted to the housing at a fulcrum. The internal arm having a base area and a distal area. Further, the first magnet is fixed relative to the housing. The second magnet is fixed to the distal area of the internal arm, wherein the first and second magnets are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion of the trigger is configured to engage the base area of the internal arm upon movement of the trigger, causing rotation of the internal arm about the fulcrum and separation of the second magnet from the first magnet. A first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area to the fulcrum is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum. Further, a magnetic field sensor is positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet, a first optical sensor is positioned to detect initial movement of the trigger, and a second optical sensor is positioned to detect the trigger reaching a predetermined position prior to separation of the first and second magnets.

[0020] In an example, the second optical sensor comprises a photo-interrupter.

[0021] In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a control circuit, a first laser emitter, and a second laser emitter. The control circuit is in communication with the first optical sensor, the second optical sensor, and the magnetic field sensor. The first laser emitter is operatively connected to the control circuit. The second laser emitter is operatively connected to the control circuit. The control circuit is configured to activate the first laser emitter upon detection by at least one of the first optical sensor and the second optical sensor. Further, the control circuit is configured to activate the second laser emitter upon detection by the magnetic field sensor. The first laser emitter emits visible light and the second laser emitter emits infrared light. Furthermore, the control circuit comprises a microprocessor.

[0022] In one further aspect, a method of simulating a firearm trigger break in a training device is provided. The method includes: providing a trigger mechanically coupled to an internal arm through a lever system having a mechanical advantage of less than one; biasing the internal arm with a magnetic attraction force between a first magnet and a second magnet, wherein the magnetic attraction force increases nonlinearly as distance between the first and second magnets decreases; receiving a rearward input force on the trigger from a user; transferring the input force through the lever system to overcome the magnetic attraction force; abruptly separating the first and second magnets when the transferred force exceeds the magnetic attraction force; and detecting the magnet separation using a magnetic field sensor to indicate a trigger break event.

[0023] The method further includes: activating a laser emitter upon detection of the trigger break event by the magnetic field sensor.

[0024] This together with the other aspects of the present disclosure, along with the various features of novelty that characterize the present disclosure, is pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed hereto and forms a part of the present disclosure. For a better understanding of the present disclosure, its operating advantages, and the specified object attained by its uses, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The advantages and features of the present disclosure will become better understood with reference to the following detailed description and claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like elements are identified with like symbols, and in which:

[0026] FIG. 1 depicts an axis system and trigger module orientation, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] FIG. 1A illustrates a front view of a training pistol, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] FIG. 1B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the trigger module housing;

[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates a partially disassembled trigger module, revealing the housing, magnets, and logic center, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] FIG. 3 illustrates the internal arm structure, including stationary and mobile magnets with pivot points, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] FIGS. 4-5A illustrate trigger operation mechanics, such as actuating arm movement, magnet separation, and return tab engagement, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 4 illustrates a trigger with a finger engagement portion, presumably receiving pressure from an end user, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 illustrates an arrangement of the components in the trigger assembly in a “full break” orientation, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5A illustrates a trigger lower portion is moving forward, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate isometric views of an actuating arm in a perspective where it further comprises an extension, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] FIG. 8 illustrates a front view of an interaction of a trigger take-up extension, which is fixedly attached to an actuating arm, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] FIG. 9 illustrates an isometric view of actuating arm configured to cooperate with the take-up sensor, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] FIG. 10 illustrates an asymmetrical interaction of a trigger take-up extension, which is fixedly attached to the actuating arm and best seen in the isometric view of FIG. 9, is configured to cooperate with the take-up sensor, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0036] FIG. 11 illustrates a conventional circuit board with some of the notable components, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the description of several views of the drawings.DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

[0038] For a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, reference is to be made to the following detailed description, including the appended claims, in connection with the above-described drawings. Although the present disclosure is described in connection with exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific forms set forth herein. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, but these are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims of the present disclosure. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,”“comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.

[0039] The terms, “a” and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items.

[0040] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 11, various view of an apparatus and its components are depicted for playing a game, in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0041] In an aspect, a firearm training apparatus includes a housing 30, a trigger 42, an internal arm 50, and a first and second magnets 72, 74. The trigger 42 is movably mounted to the housing 30. The trigger 42 includes an actuating portion 43. Further, an internal arm 50 is movably mounted to the housing 30 at a fulcrum 98. The internal arm 50 includes a base area 52 and a distal area 54. The first magnet 72 is fixed relative to the housing 30. The second magnet 74 is fixed to the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50. The first and second magnets 72, 74 are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion 43 of the trigger 42 is configured to engage the base area 52 of the internal arm 50 upon movement of the trigger 42, causing rotation of the internal arm 50 about the fulcrum 98 and separation of the second magnet 74 from the first magnet 72. Further, a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area 52 to the fulcrum 98 is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum 98. Furthermore, a magnetic field sensor 120 positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet 74.

[0042] In one example, a mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance is less than 0.5. In another example, a mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance is between 0.15 and 0.3.

[0043] In one embodiment, the internal arm 50 further includes a return tab 60 configured to engage a surface 61 of the actuating portion 43 to rotate the internal arm 50 back toward a rest position when the trigger 42 moves forward.

[0044] In one embodiment, the attraction between the first and second magnets assists the return tab 60 in returning the internal arm 50 toward the rest position.

[0045] The apparatus further includes a trigger break adjustment mechanism 110 configured to adjust an initial separation distance between the first and second magnets 72, 74.

[0046] In one embodiment, the trigger break adjustment mechanism 110 includes a lever arm 112 positioned to engage the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50, and an adjustment member 114 configured to reposition the lever arm 112 to vary the initial separation distance.

[0047] In one example, the magnetic field sensor 120 comprises a Hall effect sensor.

[0048] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes a laser emitter 240, 242 operatively connected to the magnetic field sensor 120. The laser emitter 240, 242 is activated when the magnetic field sensor 120 detects the second magnet 74. In an arrangement, the first and second magnets 72, 74 are positioned such that magnetic attraction forces between them increase nonlinearly as separation distance decreases.

[0049] In further aspect, a firearm training apparatus includes a housing 30, a trigger 42, an internal arm 50, and a first and second magnets 72, 74. The trigger 42 is movably mounted to the housing 30. The trigger 42 includes an actuating portion 43. Further, an internal arm 50 is movably mounted to the housing 30 at a fulcrum 98. The internal arm 50 includes a base area 52 and a distal area 54. The first magnet 72 is fixed relative to the housing 30. The second magnet 74 is fixed to the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50. The first and second magnets 72, 74 are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion 43 of the trigger 42 is configured to engage the base area 52 of the internal arm 50 upon movement of the trigger 42, causing rotation of the internal arm 50 about the fulcrum 98 and separation of the second magnet 74 from the first magnet 72. Further, a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area 52 to the fulcrum 98 is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum 98. Furthermore, a magnetic field sensor 120 positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet 74. Moreover, a first optical sensor 122 is positioned to detect initial movement of the trigger 42.

[0050] In an example, the first optical sensor 122 comprises a photo-interrupter.

[0051] In an embodiment, the trigger 42 further includes a first extension 100 configured to interrupt light within the first optical sensor 122 upon initial movement of the trigger 42.

[0052] In an embodiment, the apparatus further includes a control circuit 118, and a first laser emitter 240. The control circuit 118 is in communication with the first optical sensor 122. The first laser emitter 240 is operatively connected to the control circuit 118. The control circuit 118 activates the first laser emitter 240 upon detection of initial trigger movement by the first optical sensor 122.

[0053] In further aspect, a firearm training apparatus includes a housing 30, a trigger 42, an internal arm 50, and a first and second magnets 72, 74. The trigger 42 is movably mounted to the housing 30. The trigger 42 includes an actuating portion 43. Further, an internal arm 50 is movably mounted to the housing 30 at a fulcrum 98. The internal arm 50 includes a base area 52 and a distal area 54. The first magnet 72 is fixed relative to the housing 30. The second magnet 74 is fixed to the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50. The first and second magnets 72, 74 are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion 43 of the trigger 42 is configured to engage the base area 52 of the internal arm 50 upon movement of the trigger 42, causing rotation of the internal arm 50 about the fulcrum 98 and separation of the second magnet 74 from the first magnet 72. Further, a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area 52 to the fulcrum 98 is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum 98. Furthermore, a magnetic field sensor 120 positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet 74. Moreover, a first optical sensor 122 is positioned to detect initial movement of the trigger 42. A second optical sensor 124 is positioned to detect the trigger 42 reaching a predetermined position prior to separation of the first and second magnets 72, 74.

[0054] In an example, the second optical sensor 124 includes a photo-interrupter.

[0055] In an example, the apparatus further includes a control circuit 118, a first laser emitter 240, and a second laser emitter 242. The control circuit 118 is in communication with the first optical sensor 122, the second optical sensor 124, and the magnetic field sensor 120. The first laser emitter 240 is operatively connected to the control circuit 118. The second laser emitter 242 is operatively connected to the control circuit 118.

[0056] In an example, the control circuit 118 is configured to activate the first laser emitter 240 upon detection by at least one of the first optical sensor 122 and the second optical sensor 124. The control circuit 118 is configured to also activate the second laser emitter 124 upon detection by the magnetic field sensor 120. The control circuit 118 includes a microprocessor 130. The first laser emitter 240 emits visible light and the second laser emitter 242 emits infrared light.

[0057] In further aspect, a method of simulating a firearm trigger 42 break in a training device is provided. The method includes: providing a trigger 42 mechanically coupled to an internal arm 50 through a lever system having a mechanical advantage of less than one; biasing the internal arm 50 with a magnetic attraction force between a first magnet 72 and a second magnet 74, wherein the magnetic attraction force increases nonlinearly as distance between the first and second magnets 72, 74 decreases; receiving a rearward input force 90 on the trigger 42 from a user; transferring the rearward input force 90 through the lever system to overcome the magnetic attraction force; abruptly separating the first and second magnets 72, 74 when the transferred force exceeds the magnetic attraction force; and detecting the magnet separation using a magnetic field sensor 120 to indicate a trigger 42 break event.

[0058] In an example, the mechanical advantage is between 0.15 and 0.3.

[0059] The method further includes: activating a laser emitter 240, 242 upon detection of the trigger 42 break event by the magnetic field sensor 120.

[0060] Herein onwards the apparatus will now be described in detail with reference to each FIGS.

[0061] As shown in FIG. 1, there is a trigger module 20. In the description, the axis system 22 is shown with the arrow 24 indicating a vertical axis pointed in an upward direction, and the arrow 26 indicates a longitudinal axis pointed in a forward direction. Orthogonal to axes as indicated by arrows 24 and 26 is a lateral axis, indicating a lateral direction. What comes off the page in FIG. 1 would be considered a left direction, and the diametrically opposed direction would be considered to the right. Of course, the axis system 22 is for aiding in the description in the general orientation of a preferred embodiment, not intended to limit the components to any absolute particular orientation, direction, or specific configuration.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 1A, there is depicted what appears to be a conventional SIRT pistol 10, which is known in the industry as a trademarked acronym for Shot Indicating Resetting Trigger (SIRT). This pistol, of course, is produced by NextLevel Training, the assignee of this application. Prior material is hereby incorporated by reference, including the following: U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,646,201, 9,746,271B2, 10,557,684B2, US20200278167A1, U.S. Pat Nos. 11,466,954B2, and 12,025,394B2.

[0063] As perhaps better shown for context in FIG. 1B, a cross-sectional view reveals how the training pistol 10, having a slide 12 and a frame 14, is arborately configured to house the trigger module 20 therein. It should be noted that in FIG. 1B, the sights are not shown in this photo, but surfaces to receive conventional sights are provided on the slide 12. In the broader scope, the rear portion of the slide 12 can be machined out and properly configured to receive optics.

[0064] As shown in FIG. 2, the trigger module 20 is shown in a partially disassembled state, where the housing 30, in one form, is a split housing having a base member 32 and, as shown in FIG. 1, a housing cover plate 34. As generally shown in FIG. 2, there are various systems and components therein the housing 30. Trigger module 20 generally comprises a power source 36, a laser system 38, a trigger assembly 40, and a logic center 41. These components will be discussed in detail herein.

[0065] The trigger assembly 40 comprises a trigger 42, which, in a preferred form, is pivot-mounted at pivot point 44. In a preferred form, the housing has a surface defining a circular opening where the pivot point 44 is a metallic pin passing therethrough, allowing rotation of the trigger 42. The trigger 42 comprises an actuating portion 43 having a finger engagement portion 46 and an actuating arm 48. In one preferred form, the trigger 42 is a unitary structure that can be plastic-injected with acetyl or other suitable materials.

[0066] As further shown in FIG. 2, the trigger assembly 40 comprises an internal arm 50. The internal arm 50, in general, is partly configured to engage with the actuating arm 48 of the trigger 42 as a lever with a mechanical advantage of less than one, allowing a biasing force, in a preferred form, from magnets to provide a break sensation when a shooter applies force on the finger engagement portion 46. This portion of the trigger assembly 40 will be described in detail below.

[0067] The internal arm 50 will now be described in FIG. 3. In general, the internal arm 50 comprises a base area 52 and a distal area 54, where the internal arm 50 is pivot-mounted at internal pivot point 56. The base area 52 comprises an actuating arm engagement surface 58 and a return tab 60. These components will be discussed further herein following a discussion of the contracting force system 70.

[0068] As further shown in FIG. 3, the contracting force system 70, which is generally located at the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50, in a preferred form, comprises portions on the internal arm 50 and portions attached to the housing 30. Specifically, a stationary magnet 72 (also referred to as “first magnet”) is fixedly attached to the housing 30. In one preferred form, the housing 30 is plastic-injected and includes a surface defining an opening therein, where the magnet is pressed in a lateral direction to be mechanically and frictionally stationary with respect to the housing 30.

[0069] The stationary magnet 72 cooperates with the mobile magnet 74 (also referred to as “second magnet”), which is fixedly attached to the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50. The polarity of the magnets 74 and 72 is such that there is an attraction between them, drawing them together. It is well known in the art that the closer the magnets are, the stronger the pull and draw, and ultimately the force bringing them together. As the mobile magnet 74 moves away from the stationary magnet 72, the force drops in a nonlinear manner, more akin to an exponential manner.

[0070] The initial distance between the mobile magnet 74 and the stationary magnet 72 is controlled, in one form, by the trigger force adjustment system 80, which is described below. Before detailing the adjustment of the trigger break, we will now provide a detailed discussion of how the basic operation of the trigger assembly functions to simulate a trigger pull of a live firearm for training purposes.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 4, the trigger 42 has a finger engagement portion 46, presumably receiving pressure from an end user. This can be accomplished by what is generally shown as a trigger press force vector 90, which is generally in a longitudinal rearward direction, presumably caused by the index finger of a shooter or user, otherwise referred to as a trainee, pressing the trigger 42 somewhere along the finger engagement portion 46, namely a longitudinal forward surface 47 thereof.

[0072] As further shown in FIG. 4, in the interior portion of the housing 30, the actuator arm 48 has now repositioned into a longitudinal forward position. The base area 52, having the actuating arm engagement surface 58, is now in contact with the upper surface 49 of the actuating arm 48. By this contact, the upper surface 49 exerts a trigger actuating force vector 94, as shown in FIG. 4.

[0073] As is common in the art and well known amongst the technically minded and the non-technical alike, magnets create a contracting force between them. Therefore, the attraction between the static magnet 72 and the mobile magnet 74 creates a resistance force vector 96.

[0074] The internal pivot 56 has an inner arm fulcrum 98, which serves as the exact rotation point of the internal arm 50. It can thus be appreciated that the trigger actuating force vector 94 has a closer perpendicular distance (also referred to as “first distance”) to the inner arm fulcrum 98 than the perpendicular distance (also referred to as “second distance”) between the resistance force vector 96 and the inner arm fulcrum 98, creating a mechanical advantage of less than one.

[0075] In a preferred form, the mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance is less than one over three and, in some form less than 0.5, and in some forms, could be as low as 1 / 10. A preferred range appears to be a mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance of about 0.15 to about 0.3, with broader ranges, of course, being operational depending upon the distance of the trigger actuating force vector 94 from the pivot 44 and the magnitude of the resistance force vector 96. This also depends on the perpendicular distance between the resistance force vector 96 and the inner arm fulcrum 98.

[0076] Many values can be arranged for numerous possibilities, but the broad concept is a mechanical advantage of less than one, which causes a rapid acceleration and separation between the mobile magnet 74 and the stationary magnet 72.

[0077] The mechanical advantage of the lever system formed by the trigger 42, actuating arm 48, and internal arm 50 is a critical design parameter that determines the trigger break characteristics and distinguishes this training apparatus from conventional trigger simulation systems. The mechanical advantage is defined as the ratio of the perpendicular distance from the actuating arm engagement surface 58 to the internal pivot point 56, divided by the perpendicular distance from the mobile magnet 74 to the internal pivot point 56. In the preferred embodiment, this ratio is less than one, meaning the system employs mechanical disadvantage rather than mechanical advantage. This design choice is intentional and provides several critical functional benefits.

[0078] When mechanical disadvantage is employed, the force applied by the trigger is mechanically reduced when transmitted to the mobile magnet 74. However, the exponential nature of magnetic attraction forces creates a critical threshold effect. As the shooter applies increasing force to the trigger 42, the force transmitted to overcome the magnetic attraction increases gradually. The magnetic attraction force between the stationary magnet 72 and mobile magnet 74 increases rapidly as the magnets approach each other, following an inverse relationship with distance. Once the transmitted force exceeds the magnetic attraction force at a particular separation distance, the internal arm 50 accelerates rapidly, causing abrupt separation of the magnets. This rapid acceleration creates the sharp break sensation characteristic of quality firearms triggers.

[0079] The mechanical disadvantage also creates a sensitive system where small changes in trigger pull weight, controlled by the trigger break adjustment mechanism 110, produce noticeable differences in break force felt by the user. This allows fine-tuning to match specific firearm trigger characteristics across a wide range of trigger pull weights. Additionally, by using mechanical disadvantage, relatively strong magnets can be employed to provide durable, long-lasting performance, while still achieving realistic trigger pull weights. Without mechanical disadvantage, weaker magnets would be required to achieve the same pull weight, reducing reliability and longevity of the magnetic system.

[0080] Testing has established preferred ranges for the mechanical advantage ratio. In a most preferred range of 0.15 to 0.3, the system provides optimal balance between realistic trigger break feel and reliable operation across various orientations and conditions. This range consistently produces a sharp, clean break sensation similar to high-quality striker-fired pistols. In a lower range of 0.1 to 0.15, the system produces an extremely sharp, almost instantaneous break that may be preferred for competition shooting simulation or when emulating very light trigger pulls, though manufacturing tolerances become more critical in this range. In an upper range of 0.3 to 0.5, the system produces a slightly softer break with more perceptible travel during the break event, which may be preferred when simulating certain double-action triggers or teaching shooters who are sensitive to sharp breaks. When mechanical advantage exceeds 0.5, the break becomes progressively softer and less distinct, degrading the training value, and such values are not recommended for this application.

[0081] The deliberate use of mechanical disadvantage combined with the exponential force-distance relationship of magnetic attraction creates a unique trigger break characteristic that cannot be easily replicated through conventional mechanical means. This represents a significant departure from most mechanical trigger systems which use mechanical advantage greater than one to amplify force or motion.

[0082] Now referring to FIG. 5, the arrangement of the components in the trigger assembly 40 is in a “full break” orientation. Most notably, FIG. 5 highlights the internal arm 50 positioned in the full break orientation, where the mobile magnet 74 has maximum separation from the stationary magnet 72. Furthermore, the upper surface 51 of the actuating arm 48 has cleared the actuating arm engagement surface 58, more specifically at the crest numerically indicated as 59, thereby allowing free travel of the actuating arm 48 to pass underneath.

[0083] This allows for the sensation of free travel after the break, emulating the free travel of a live fire pistol after a striker or hammer drops, which is generally referred to as overtravel. The amount of overtravel can be adjusted independently from the interaction and operation between the trigger 42 and the internal arm 50.

[0084] Referring now to the middle portion of FIG. 5, with specific emphasis on the mobile magnet 74, it can be appreciated that not only does the mobile magnet 74 have much less of a resistance force vector, generally indicated at 96', primarily and predominantly due to the distance from the stationary magnet 72, but it also has a secondary function of interfacing with the logic center 41.

[0085] Briefly referring to FIG. 4, the logic center 41 comprises a magnetic field sensor 120 including a Hall effect sensor, which can detect magnetic field disturbances. In one embodiment, the firearm training apparatus includes a laser emitter, such as 240, 242 operatively connected to the magnetic field sensor 120, wherein the laser emitter, such as 240, 242 is activated when the magnetic field sensor 120 detects the mobile magnet 74. Therefore, referring back to FIG. 5, when the mobile magnet 74 is in near proximity to the magnetic field sensor 120 (shown in FIG. 4 because it is obscured in FIG. 5 by the mobile magnet 74 and the internal arm 50 covering its visibility), this activation operates within the programming of the logic center 41 to indicate that the trigger has been pulled. This action generally activates a shot-indicating laser 240, which will be described further herein.

[0086] To complete the full follow-through of operating a trigger, the shooter must relinquish pressure upon the trigger, allowing the trigger finger and the exposed trigger to travel longitudinally forward. Naturally, we want the training tool to return to the starting state. In this case, the internal arm 50 will rotate counterclockwise with respect to the observable views in the FIGS., and the magnets will return to close proximity to one another.

[0087] To aid in the return of the internal arm 50, the return tab 60 is fixedly and integrally attached as part of the internal arm 50, where the forward surface 61 (also referred simply to as “surface”) is configured to engage the longitudinal rearward surface 53 of the actuating arm 48. Even a slight amount of force is sufficient to bring the internal arm 50 back downward to a position as shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 5A it can be appreciated that the trigger lower portion is moving forward indicated by Arrow 67 and the return tab 60 is engaged by the actuating arm 48 and whereby the actuated arm continues to move the direction indicated by Arrow 69 this will Aid in rotating the internal arm 50 counterclockwise indicated by Arrow 71. Of course, the return could be achieved by other means, such as torsional springs, and gravity could theoretically bring the internal arm 50 downward. However, as noted with the axis system 22 in FIG. 1, the terms “upward” and “lateral” are relative, as training can occur in various orientations, including sideways or even inverted. Therefore, relying on gravity to return the internal arm 50 is not a wise design choice.

[0088] Furthermore, the magnetic force can be drastically reduced, which might prevent the internal arm 50 from returning. However, in general, there is sufficient magnetic draw between the static magnet 72 and the mobile magnet 74 to assist in returning the internal arm 50 to its rest position, as shown in FIG. 4.

[0089] The return mechanism ensures reliable reset of the trigger assembly 40 after each trigger pull, regardless of the training apparatus orientation. Multiple return forces contribute to this function, providing redundancy and reliability across diverse operating conditions. As shown in FIG. 5A, the return tab 60 is integrally formed as part of the internal arm 50 and serves as the primary mechanical return element. When the trigger 42 moves forward as indicated by arrow 67, the longitudinal rearward surface 53 of the actuating arm 48 contacts the forward surface 61 of the return tab 60. Continued forward motion of the trigger in the direction of arrow 69 causes the return tab 60 to be pushed, rotating the internal arm 50 counterclockwise as indicated by arrow 71 about the internal pivot point 56.

[0090] This positive mechanical linkage ensures return even when the training apparatus is oriented sideways or inverted, when magnetic forces are reduced due to adjustment or magnet aging, or when environmental factors affect other return forces. The mechanical return through the return tab 60 does not rely on gravity or elastic forces that might degrade over time, ensuring consistent performance throughout the product lifetime.

[0091] The magnetic attraction between the stationary magnet 72 and mobile magnet 74 provides a secondary assisting force that helps return the internal arm 50 to its rest position. As the magnets approach each other during return, the attraction force increases exponentially, following the inverse square law for magnetic field strength. This creates a snap effect as the magnets reach close proximity, helping to ensure complete return and prevent the internal arm 50 from remaining in an intermediate position. The magnetic return force supplements the mechanical return provided by the return tab 60, creating a dual return mechanism with enhanced reliability.

[0092] The combination of mechanical and magnetic return forces provides important benefits. If magnetic force alone were relied upon, certain orientations with gravity opposing return might experience sluggish or incomplete reset. If mechanical return alone were relied upon, wear or contamination of the return tab 60 or actuating arm surfaces could cause increasing friction and degraded performance over time. The combination ensures consistent operation across the product lifetime and across all possible orientations during use.

[0093] With the foregoing description in place, which primarily focuses on the mechanical operation of the unit, coupled with innovative switching utilizing the mobile magnet 74—not only for applying a force to be counteracted in a clever lever system to take advantage of the exponential drop of force between magnets with respect to distance, but also to utilize the magnetic field fluctuations to cooperate with the logic system to activate lasers and engage in other possible programmed activities—we will now focus on another aspect of training diagnostics with respect to portions of the trigger pull.

[0094] Referring now to FIG. 6, an isometric view shows the actuating arm 48 in a perspective where it further comprises an extension 100. In one form, the extension 100 extends laterally outwardly and is positioned to cooperate and interact with the first trigger movement sensor 122, also referred to as “first optical sensor”. Briefly referring to FIG. 4, the first trigger movement sensor 122 and the take-up sensor 124 can be seen, both of which are fixedly attached to the circuit board 118 of the logic center 41, which will be described further herein.

[0095] From the vantage of FIG. 6, it can be appreciated that, in one preferred form, the extension 100 cooperates and interacts with the first trigger motion sensor 122, whereby the extension inhibits the passage of light through the members of the first trigger motion sensor122. This sensor is of a common design, generally referred to as a photo-interrupter sensor, which is often placed on circuit boards in an economical and effective manner to detect an interruption in light. In this case, however, the novel approach utilizes a moving component, effectively attached to the circuit board, to detect movement thereof.

[0096] In a similar manner, as shown in FIG. 10, the trigger take-up extension 103, which is fixedly attached to the actuating arm 48 and best seen in the isometric view of FIG. 9, is configured to cooperate with the take-up sensor 124. This interaction is shown asymmetrically in FIG. 10 but is best clearly visible in FIG. 8.

[0097] Further logic and operation of these two sensors will be described herein, but now is an appropriate time to introduce them as far as their mechanical positioning and operation with the trigger 42.

[0098] Before discussing the logic and operations, we will continue describing and expanding upon the mechanical aspects of the training system. Referring back to FIG. 2, it can be appreciated that the trigger assembly 40 comprises a subassembly of a trigger break adjustment mechanism 110 configured to adjust an initial separation distance between the first and second magnets (72, 74). In general, the operation of the trigger break adjustment mechanism 110 is to reposition the internal arm 50 in a manner that aligns the poles of the magnets with separation. While the internal arm rotates and the poles are not exactly colinear, they achieve substantial alignment, thereby reducing the amount of force required to separate them further.

[0099] This separation can be accomplished whereby the trigger break adjustment mechanism 110 comprises a lever arm 112, having an upward surface, engages the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50. The trigger break adjustment mechanism 110 also comprises an adjustment member 114 configured to reposition the lever arm 112 to vary the initial separation distance. The separation via the adjustment member 114 can be executed in a variety of ways; however, one simple means is to utilize a conventional set screw, such as a hex-based screw, configured to engage threading within the housing 30. The separation member 114, such as, a set screw (also may be referred to as “set screw 114”) imparts an upward repositioning force upon the lever arm 112. In one form, the lever arm 112 can pivot against the housing 30 at end to provide a consistent static force to separate the mobile magnet 74 from the stationary magnet 72.

[0100] Note that the head of the set screw 114 is fixedly attached within a surface-defining void, encapsulating the head so that the set screw 114 rotates without repositioning. A movable bolt is positioned at area 115 to reposition the lever arm 112. For example, by rotating the set screw 114 clockwise (as referenced from the bottom), the area 115 is brought downward, allowing the internal arm 50 to enter a heavy-break home state. In this state, the mobile magnet 74 is in closer physical proximity to the stationary magnet 72.

[0101] As is well known in the art (and by anyone who has experimented with magnets), the closer the proximity of the magnets, the greater the force pulling them together. Referring to FIG. 4, the resistance force vector 96 in this configuration is now of greater magnitude.

[0102] With the foregoing description in place, referring back to FIG. 2, we now discuss the logic center, which can be executed in a variety of forms. A preferred form and enabling description will be outlined herein. The logic center is broadly categorized as a combination of programmed logic and hardware, packaged in an economical and reliable configuration to provide robust functionality. It achieves this through a seamless integration of onboard componentry, including a circuit board and rigid components, all configured to interface effectively with an end-user and a simple control system to cycle between potential modes of operation. This description provides an enabling methodology, along with one practical method of implementing the innovations embodied and inherent throughout this disclosure.

[0103] FIG. 2 generally shows the logic center 41, but now referring to FIG. 11, there is shown a populated circuit board, which could colloquially be referred to as the “brains” of the unit. The logic center 41 comprises, in part, the circuit board 118. As previously mentioned, the circuit board 118 includes the magnetic field sensor 120, such as the Hall effect sensor, otherwise simply also referred to as “the sensor 120”, which is configured to detect the presence of a magnet, more specifically the mobile magnet 74 (described with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5 above).

[0104] FIG. 11 is a conventional circuit board with some of the notable components described herein. Indicated at 123 is a positive contact terminal for input power. In a preferred form, the power source would be a lithium battery, such as a conventional 1-3 lithium battery, which generally supplies about 3.2V. Of course, the power supply could vary. As shown in FIG. 2, the power source 36 is a standard lithium battery, where the positive event 37 is in close proximity to the positive contact terminals 123, as shown in FIG. 11.

[0105] The negative contact terminals 125 are provided to hardwire wiring and fixtures to maintain electrical communication with the power source 36, as shown in FIG. 2. In particular, these negative terminals attach to a conventional battery connector 39, as shown in FIG. 2. Referring back to FIG. 11, the area indicating the forward terminals at 126 is for laser contacts. These terminals are configured to have positive and negative connections to lasers, in particular the shot-indicating laser and trigger-take-up laser of the laser system 38, described further herein.

[0106] This system is very conventional in the art of training, particularly with SIRT pistols, which are prior to this application and are commonly owned by the assignee of this application. As mentioned above, previous applications are incorporated by reference.

[0107] As shown in FIG. 11, there is a conventional microprocessor 130. In a preferred form, the microprocessor is reprogrammable. Furthermore, there is the user interface mode button 132, which provides an interactive interface for the end-user to cycle through different modes of operation.

[0108] The training apparatus includes a user-configurable mode selection system that allows the end user to customize operational parameters without requiring computer programming or external interfaces. This system operates through the mode button 132 in combination with specific trigger positions to access different configuration menus, providing an intuitive interface for field adjustment of training parameters.

[0109] To configure when the trigger take-up laser 242 activates, the user follows this procedure. First, the training apparatus is powered on using the power source 36. Next, the user positions the trigger in the prep position where the actuating arm engagement surface 58 is in contact with the upper surface 49 of the actuating arm 48, as shown in FIG. 4. While holding the trigger in this position, the user presses and holds the mode button 132 for approximately one second. The system then enters trigger sensing mode configuration. Each subsequent press of the mode button 132 cycles through available trigger sensing modes. The trigger take-up laser 242 blinks a number of times corresponding to the selected mode to provide visual feedback to the user.

[0110] Available trigger sensing modes include a first mode where the trigger take-up laser is completely disabled and will not activate regardless of trigger position, a second mode where the trigger take-up laser activates upon first touch when the first trigger movement sensor 122 (also referred to as “first optical sensor 122”) detects initial trigger movement, and a third mode where the trigger take-up laser activates only upon reaching the prep position when the take-up sensor 124 (also referred to as “second optical sensor 124”) is activated. This flexibility allows the training apparatus to be configured for different training protocols and user preferences.

[0111] To configure how the shot-indicating laser 240 operates upon trigger break, the user follows a different procedure. The user positions the trigger in the full break position where the mobile magnet 74 is in proximity to the Hall effect sensor 120, as shown in FIG. 5. While holding the trigger pinned in the rearward position, the user presses the mode button 132. The system then enters laser operational mode configuration. Each subsequent press of the mode button 132 cycles through available laser operational modes. The shot-indicating laser 240 blinks a number of times corresponding to the selected mode to provide visual feedback.

[0112] Available laser operational modes include a constant-on mode where the laser remains illuminated as long as the mobile magnet 74 is detected by sensor 120, and multiple pulsed modes with different durations. In the pulsed modes, the laser activates for a predetermined duration and then extinguishes even if the trigger remains held. Pulse duration options include 0.05 seconds for very brief indication, 0.2 seconds for moderate duration indication, and 0.5 seconds for extended indication. An additional mode provides modulated pulsing at a base frequency of approximately 200 Hz, where the laser rapidly turns on and off during the pulse duration to create a unique signature detectable by targeting systems.

[0113] The pulse durations and modulation frequencies are programmable within the microprocessor 130 and can be customized for specific end-user requirements or targeting system compatibility. This programmability allows the training apparatus to interface with various commercial and military targeting systems that may have different technical requirements for laser pulse characteristics.

[0114] And as previously mentioned, the photo-interrupter sensors referred to as the first trigger movement sensor or the first optical sensor 122 are part of this circuit board and interact with the system described earlier.

[0115] As shown in FIG. 8 and discussed above, the take-up sensor 124 is another photo-interrupter sensor. The remainder of the components are conventional in the art, including transistors and capacitors, which are used to carry out the intended logic. This logic is well known in the art of circuit board design and electromechanical devices.

[0116] Before discussing the logic, there will be a description of the laser system. As stated previously, the laser system 38 is very similar in design, position adjustment, and componentry to previous SIRT training pistols. The SIRT laser system 38 comprises a shot-indicating laser 240 and a trigger take-up laser 242. This laser system is adjustable and of a common design. The lasers can adjust left and right, up and down (vertical and windage), to align with the aiming system of the pistol. As shown in FIG. 1A, the shot-indicating laser is generally aligned with properly centered and conventional sights on the pistol to indicate exactly where a bullet would hit. The trigger take-up laser 242 is utilized to understand some operations of the trigger, generally prior to breaking a shot.

[0117] The laser system 38 is highly configurable to accommodate various training scenarios and targeting system requirements. The training apparatus can be configured with different combinations of visible and infrared laser emitters, such as laser emitters 240, 242 to suit specific operational needs. This configurability is achieved through selection of appropriate laser diodes during manufacturing, with the logic center 41 capable of controlling any combination without modification.

[0118] In a first configuration using dual visible lasers, both the shot-indicating laser 240 and the trigger take-up laser 242 emit visible light, typically red light with a wavelength of approximately 650 nanometers. This configuration is optimal for individual training where the shooter receives immediate visual feedback about both trigger prep and shot indication. The visible lasers allow the shooter to see exactly where the training firearm is aimed during trigger manipulation, facilitating self-diagnosis of trigger control issues.

[0119] In a second configuration using dual infrared lasers, both laser emitters operate in the infrared spectrum, typically at wavelengths of approximately 850 nanometers or 940 nanometers. This configuration is preferred for military applications where covert operation is required and night vision equipment is used. The infrared emissions are not visible to the naked eye but are readily detected by camera-based targeting systems and night vision devices. This allows training to occur with reduced light signature while maintaining full diagnostic capability through electronic detection systems.

[0120] In a third configuration using mixed visible and infrared emission, the shot-indicating laser 240 emits visible light while the trigger take-up laser 242 emits infrared light. This hybrid configuration allows the shooter to see shot placement through the visible shot-indicating laser while providing invisible trigger prep indication that can be recorded by targeting systems for diagnostic analysis without distracting the shooter. Alternatively, the configuration can be reversed with the shot-indicating laser 240 emitting infrared light while the trigger take-up laser 242 emits visible light. This alternative is useful when shot indication is recorded by a targeting system for automated scoring while the shooter wants visible feedback about trigger prep for training purposes.

[0121] The laser system interfaces with sophisticated targeting systems used in shooting simulators. These systems typically employ high-speed cameras capable of detecting both visible and infrared light emissions at frame rates exceeding 200 frames per second. When multiple training firearms are used simultaneously in the same training environment, the targeting system must be able to distinguish which unit fired which shot. This is accomplished through several methods enabled by the programmable laser system.

[0122] In a first discrimination method using pulse duration, each training firearm can be programmed with a unique pulse duration. For example, a first unit may be programmed with a 0.05 second pulse, a second unit with a 0.2 second pulse, and a third unit with a 0.5 second pulse. The targeting system camera detects the duration of each pulse and assigns it to the corresponding unit based on the known duration mapping.

[0123] In a second discrimination method using frequency modulation, the shot-indicating laser can be modulated at different base frequencies. For example, a first unit may pulse at 200 Hz, a second unit at 250 Hz, and a third unit at 300 Hz. Within a given pulse duration, the number of on-off cycles differs based on the base frequency, allowing the targeting system to distinguish between units by counting cycles or analyzing frequency content.

[0124] The targeting system can also track muzzle orientation by continuously monitoring laser position. High-speed cameras detect the precise point of laser impact on a screen or target surface. By tracking the laser position particularly when the trigger take-up laser 242 is illuminated, the system can record muzzle stability during trigger prep, trigger control as evidenced by movement of the laser point during trigger press, follow-through characteristics shown by movement after break, and the time interval between trigger prep and break. This timing data provides valuable diagnostic information about the shooter's trigger control technique and can be used to identify issues such as jerking, slapping, or improper prep.

[0125] The logic of operations will now be discussed with general reference to some of the previous steps above regarding mechanical operations. One mode of operation in the logic center's memory is first touch activation, where, when the actuating arm 48 is moved and rotates, as shown in FIG. 6, the extension 100 will activate the first trigger movement sensor 122. The signal will be sent to and processed by the microprocessor 130 and activate the trigger take-up laser 242 in a most common form. But of course, the logic in the microprocessor could be set to activate the shot-indicating laser 240, or either of the lasers 240 or 242 could be infrared, where a system can pick up the infrared detection. Or in a broader scope, the circuit board could be populated with a transmitter-receiver system, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or any other type of signaling, such as RF signaling, proprietary or conventional, to indicate that the trigger is being pulled. This is very useful to know when an end-user has their finger on the trigger and has a certain amount of movement, because it is common in the art of pistol craft to not have your finger on the trigger until you're ready to shoot. Therefore, the technology can interface with many training and safety protocols to ensure proper trigger finger discipline.

[0126] As shown in FIG. 4, it can be appreciated that the new extension 102 is communicating with the take-up sensor 124, thereby in another setting or mode, this sensor can cooperate with the microprocessor 130 to activate the trigger take-up laser 242 or otherwise provide some communication, such as to a communication device or to an external monitor of sorts, through similar protocols mentioned above: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, RF proprietary or conventional signaling, etc., to indicate when the trigger is fully prepped. The term “prepped,” which is conventional in the art of pistol craft, means the trigger take-up is complete, the trigger is pressed approximately halfway, and then there is an increased amount of force required to actually break the shot.

[0127] As can be clearly seen in FIG. 4, and as mentioned above, the upper surface 49 is in engagement with the actuating arm engagement surface 58, whereby at this time, it would require a greater amount of trigger press force vector 90 to break the shot. This, of course, very much simulates a live-fire pistol, which has completely different operations. In such pistols, the trigger will have a certain amount of take-up, generally depressing a safety plunger to allow movement of a striker, applying pressure from a trigger bar onto a striker sear surface to load, and then camming down the striker to go forward and impact a primer. That distinct feeling of a break as a striker drops—or in some platforms, as the hammer drops—is very much emulated by the catastrophic and abrupt separation of the magnets, thereby making this an exceptional training tool emulating the break of a live-fire gun with all the tremendous functionality and diagnostics of a dedicated training tool.

[0128] As mentioned above, the sensor 120 will be activated when the movable magnet 74 activates the Hall effect sensor aspect, and this in turn can be used by the microprocessor 130 to generally activate the shot-indicating laser 240. The shot-indicating laser 240 can have various modes of activation, such as constant-on (remaining on when the movable magnet 74 is in proximity to the sensor 120) or a pulse. Some systems, such as targeting systems, require pulsing the laser on for a specific duration. For example, the laser could be modulated at 200 Hz as a base frequency, turning on and off at this frequency. In a given pulse length, such as 0.05 seconds, there would be so many on / off cycles depending on the base frequency. A high-speed camera system can pick up the number of pulses to distinguish which gun fired which shot. Alternatively, the overall duration of a constant-on pulse can also be used to distinguish which unit was fired on a screen with a targeting system.

[0129] To adjust the targeting system, a simple and innovative method has been chosen. When the trigger is prepped (sensor 124 activated) or fully depressed (sensor 120 activated), the end-user cycles through the modes of operation by pressing the mode button 132. As the user cycles through the modes, the lasers can come on, such as the shot-indicating laser 240 blinking a number of times to indicate which mode it is in. For example:

[0130] Mode 1: Shot indication only, with no take-up laser (useful for certain training applications).

[0131] Mode 2: Take-up laser on at first touch (sensor 122 activated).

[0132] Mode 3: Take-up laser turns on when the trigger is fully prepped (sensor 124 activated).

[0133] Mode 4: Shot-indicating laser operates in pulse mode, with configurable durations such as 0.05, 0.2, or 0.5 seconds.

[0134] This flexibility accommodates specific end-user requirements, such as military groups requesting infrared lasers for training. For instance, the trigger take-up laser 242 can be repurposed as a shot-indicating laser in the infrared spectrum. In this case, the laser feedback would not be visible to the end-user but could be detected by targeting systems for diagnostics, such as checking for proper dot formation instead of dashes.

[0135] Of course, the formative of our samples could include six or seven modes, but generally speaking, after seven blinks, it becomes a bit much for the end-user to keep track of which mode they are in. It is possible, and theoretical, that the mode could be contingent on the types of lasers. For example, the mode can be set, and the lasers would indicate which mode they are in by way of the take-up laser pulsing or emitting a certain number of blinks, indicating first touch or prep, and the shot-indicating laser pulsing a certain number of times to indicate a mode.

[0136] The important thing to note is that the unit is highly customizable to the end-user's needs through its programming and hardware. Furthermore, the location of the sensors could be adjusted. In a broader scope, rotational sensors could be employed to detect the exact number of units of rotation of the trigger and apply programming based on this input. However, to fit the broader market and maintain an economical unit, two sensors at the critical areas of first touch and prep are adequate to meet the majority of market needs.

[0137] Further, the training apparatus described herein is particularly suited for use in the shooting simulator market, which represents the primary commercial application for this technology. Shooting simulators are widely deployed in law enforcement training facilities, military training installations, commercial shooting ranges with simulator capability, and personal training systems for civilian users.

[0138] A typical shooting simulator installation consists of a large projection screen displaying realistic training scenarios, a high-speed camera system for laser detection positioned near the screen, computer processors running scenario software that generates training situations and records performance data, and multiple training firearms such as the apparatus described herein that are connected to the system. The configurable laser system of the training apparatus allows a single hardware design to interface with multiple different simulator platforms having varying technical requirements, reducing manufacturing complexity while maximizing market compatibility.

[0139] The dual optical sensor system provides particularly valuable diagnostic information in simulator training scenarios. By detecting both first touch and prep position, the system can record trigger finger discipline, showing when the shooter places their finger on the trigger relative to the threat presentation in the scenario. The time interval between prep and break can be analyzed to evaluate trigger control technique, with shorter intervals generally indicating better trigger control. Muzzle stability data captured by the targeting system during the prep phase can identify shooters who are disturbing their sight picture during trigger manipulation, a common fundamental error in pistol marksmanship.

[0140] The programmable laser modes enable the training apparatus to adapt to different training objectives. For basic marksmanship training, constant-on mode for the shot-indicating laser 240 provides clear feedback about shot placement. For more advanced training simulating multiple rapid shots, shorter pulse durations prevent visual confusion between successive shots. For force-on-force training scenarios using multiple shooters, the frequency modulation discrimination capability allows the targeting system to attribute each shot to the correct shooter even when multiple units fire nearly simultaneously.

[0141] The simulator market values the ability to collect detailed performance metrics for analysis and documentation. The sensor data from the training apparatus, transmitted to the simulator computer system through the targeting camera or through supplemental wireless communication, provides quantifiable measures of trigger control technique that can be tracked over time to demonstrate training progress and identify areas requiring additional instruction.

[0142] The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the present disclosure and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the present disclosure and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is understood that various omission and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstance may suggest or render expedient, but such are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims of the present disclosure.

Examples

Embodiment Construction

[0038]For a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, reference is to be made to the following detailed description, including the appended claims, in connection with the above-described drawings. Although the present disclosure is described in connection with exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific forms set forth herein. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, but these are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims of the present disclosure. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,”“comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additi...

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to firearms training devices and, and more particularly to a shot indicating resetting trigger (SIRT).BACKGROUND

[0002] It is very desirous to have training systems that allow training with pistols, and, in particular, with small compact pistols in safe and effective manner.

[0003] Training pistols designed for firearms simulation and training typically employ mechanical systems to replicate trigger pull characteristics, relying on force amplification mechanisms to mimic the tactile feedback of live-fire weapons. These conventional systems, however, face significant challenges in accurately reproducing the sharp, abrupt trigger break sensation characteristic of high-quality firearms, often resulting in a less realistic training experience.

[0004] Additionally, existing solutions lack comprehensive diagnostic capabilities to assess trigger control metrics such as overtravel, break timing, and muzzle stability, limiting their utility for performance analysis and skill development.

[0005] Mechanical trigger mechanisms also exhibit reliability issues when operated in non-standard orientations, such as sideways or inverted positions, due to dependence on gravity for reset functionality, leading to inconsistent operation and the need for frequent recalibration. Environmental factors, including temperature fluctuations and physical wear, further exacerbate these limitations, reducing the durability and maintenance efficiency of traditional training pistols.

[0006] While some prior art incorporates basic sensors for rudimentary feedback, there remains a critical need for integrated, orientation-independent systems that provide precise tactile simulation, reliable reset mechanisms, and detailed diagnostics to enhance training accuracy and adaptability across diverse operational scenarios.SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the prior art, the general purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a shot indicating resetting trigger to include all advantages of the prior art, and to overcome the drawbacks inherent in the prior art.

[0008] In one aspect, a firearm training apparatus includes a housing, a trigger, an internal arm, a magnet set including a first magnet and a second magnet. The trigger is movably mounted to the housing. The trigger includes an actuating portion. The internal arm is movably mounted to the housing at a fulcrum. The internal arm having a base area and a distal area. Further, the first magnet is fixed relative to the housing, and the second magnet is fixed to the distal area of the internal arm. The first and second magnets are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion of the trigger is configured to engage the base area of the internal arm upon movement of the trigger, causing rotation of the internal arm about the fulcrum and separation of the second magnet from the first magnet. Further, a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area to the fulcrum is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum. Moreover, a magnetic field sensor is positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet.

[0009] In an example, a mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance is less than 0.5. In an another example, a mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance is between 0.15 and 0.3.

[0010] In an embodiment, the internal arm further includes a return tab configured to engage a surface of the actuating portion to rotate the internal arm back toward a rest position when the trigger moves forward. The attraction between the first and second magnets assists the return tab in returning the internal arm toward the rest position.

[0011] In an embodiment, the apparatus further includes a trigger break adjustment mechanism configured to adjust an initial separation distance between the first and second magnets. The trigger break adjustment mechanism comprises a lever arm positioned to engage the distal area of the internal arm, and an adjustment member configured to reposition the lever arm to vary the initial separation distance.

[0012] In an example, the magnetic field sensor may include a Hall effect sensor.

[0013] In an embodiment, the apparatus further includes a laser emitter operatively connected to the magnetic field sensor, wherein the laser emitter is activated when the magnetic field sensor detects the second magnet.

[0014] In an arrangement, the first and second magnets are positioned such that magnetic attraction forces between them increase nonlinearly as separation distance decreases.

[0015] In another aspect, a firearm training apparatus includes a firearm training apparatus includes a housing, a trigger, an internal arm, a magnet set including a first magnet and a second magnet. The trigger is movably mounted to the housing. The trigger includes an actuating portion. The internal arm is movably mounted to the housing at a fulcrum. The internal arm having a base area and a distal area. Further, the first magnet is fixed relative to the housing, and the second magnet is fixed to the distal area of the internal arm, wherein the first and second magnets are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion of the trigger is configured to engage the base area of the internal arm upon movement of the trigger, causing rotation of the internal arm about the fulcrum and separation of the second magnet from the first magnet. Further, a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area to the fulcrum is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum. A magnetic field sensor is positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet, and a first optical sensor is positioned to detect initial movement of the trigger.

[0016] In an example, the first optical sensor comprises a photo-interrupter.

[0017] In an embodiment, trigger further includes a first extension configured to interrupt light within the first optical sensor upon initial movement of the trigger.

[0018] In an embodiment, the apparatus further includes a control circuit and a first laser emitter. The control circuit is in communication with the first optical sensor. Further, the first laser emitter is operatively connected to the control circuit, wherein the control circuit activates the first laser emitter upon detection of initial trigger movement by the first optical sensor.

[0019] In further aspect, a firearm training apparatus includes a firearm training apparatus includes a housing, a trigger, an internal arm, a magnet set including a first magnet and a second magnet. The trigger is movably mounted to the housing, the trigger comprising an actuating portion. The internal arm is movably mounted to the housing at a fulcrum. The internal arm having a base area and a distal area. Further, the first magnet is fixed relative to the housing. The second magnet is fixed to the distal area of the internal arm, wherein the first and second magnets are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion of the trigger is configured to engage the base area of the internal arm upon movement of the trigger, causing rotation of the internal arm about the fulcrum and separation of the second magnet from the first magnet. A first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area to the fulcrum is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum. Further, a magnetic field sensor is positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet, a first optical sensor is positioned to detect initial movement of the trigger, and a second optical sensor is positioned to detect the trigger reaching a predetermined position prior to separation of the first and second magnets.

[0020] In an example, the second optical sensor comprises a photo-interrupter.

[0021] In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a control circuit, a first laser emitter, and a second laser emitter. The control circuit is in communication with the first optical sensor, the second optical sensor, and the magnetic field sensor. The first laser emitter is operatively connected to the control circuit. The second laser emitter is operatively connected to the control circuit. The control circuit is configured to activate the first laser emitter upon detection by at least one of the first optical sensor and the second optical sensor. Further, the control circuit is configured to activate the second laser emitter upon detection by the magnetic field sensor. The first laser emitter emits visible light and the second laser emitter emits infrared light. Furthermore, the control circuit comprises a microprocessor.

[0022] In one further aspect, a method of simulating a firearm trigger break in a training device is provided. The method includes: providing a trigger mechanically coupled to an internal arm through a lever system having a mechanical advantage of less than one; biasing the internal arm with a magnetic attraction force between a first magnet and a second magnet, wherein the magnetic attraction force increases nonlinearly as distance between the first and second magnets decreases; receiving a rearward input force on the trigger from a user; transferring the input force through the lever system to overcome the magnetic attraction force; abruptly separating the first and second magnets when the transferred force exceeds the magnetic attraction force; and detecting the magnet separation using a magnetic field sensor to indicate a trigger break event.

[0023] The method further includes: activating a laser emitter upon detection of the trigger break event by the magnetic field sensor.

[0024] This together with the other aspects of the present disclosure, along with the various features of novelty that characterize the present disclosure, is pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed hereto and forms a part of the present disclosure. For a better understanding of the present disclosure, its operating advantages, and the specified object attained by its uses, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The advantages and features of the present disclosure will become better understood with reference to the following detailed description and claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like elements are identified with like symbols, and in which:

[0026] FIG. 1 depicts an axis system and trigger module orientation, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] FIG. 1A illustrates a front view of a training pistol, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] FIG. 1B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the trigger module housing;

[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates a partially disassembled trigger module, revealing the housing, magnets, and logic center, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] FIG. 3 illustrates the internal arm structure, including stationary and mobile magnets with pivot points, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] FIGS. 4-5A illustrate trigger operation mechanics, such as actuating arm movement, magnet separation, and return tab engagement, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 4 illustrates a trigger with a finger engagement portion, presumably receiving pressure from an end user, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 illustrates an arrangement of the components in the trigger assembly in a “full break” orientation, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5A illustrates a trigger lower portion is moving forward, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate isometric views of an actuating arm in a perspective where it further comprises an extension, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] FIG. 8 illustrates a front view of an interaction of a trigger take-up extension, which is fixedly attached to an actuating arm, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] FIG. 9 illustrates an isometric view of actuating arm configured to cooperate with the take-up sensor, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] FIG. 10 illustrates an asymmetrical interaction of a trigger take-up extension, which is fixedly attached to the actuating arm and best seen in the isometric view of FIG. 9, is configured to cooperate with the take-up sensor, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0036] FIG. 11 illustrates a conventional circuit board with some of the notable components, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the description of several views of the drawings.DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

[0038] For a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, reference is to be made to the following detailed description, including the appended claims, in connection with the above-described drawings. Although the present disclosure is described in connection with exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific forms set forth herein. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, but these are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims of the present disclosure. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,”“comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.

[0039] The terms, “a” and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items.

[0040] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 11, various view of an apparatus and its components are depicted for playing a game, in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0041] In an aspect, a firearm training apparatus includes a housing 30, a trigger 42, an internal arm 50, and a first and second magnets 72, 74. The trigger 42 is movably mounted to the housing 30. The trigger 42 includes an actuating portion 43. Further, an internal arm 50 is movably mounted to the housing 30 at a fulcrum 98. The internal arm 50 includes a base area 52 and a distal area 54. The first magnet 72 is fixed relative to the housing 30. The second magnet 74 is fixed to the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50. The first and second magnets 72, 74 are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion 43 of the trigger 42 is configured to engage the base area 52 of the internal arm 50 upon movement of the trigger 42, causing rotation of the internal arm 50 about the fulcrum 98 and separation of the second magnet 74 from the first magnet 72. Further, a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area 52 to the fulcrum 98 is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum 98. Furthermore, a magnetic field sensor 120 positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet 74.

[0042] In one example, a mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance is less than 0.5. In another example, a mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance is between 0.15 and 0.3.

[0043] In one embodiment, the internal arm 50 further includes a return tab 60 configured to engage a surface 61 of the actuating portion 43 to rotate the internal arm 50 back toward a rest position when the trigger 42 moves forward.

[0044] In one embodiment, the attraction between the first and second magnets assists the return tab 60 in returning the internal arm 50 toward the rest position.

[0045] The apparatus further includes a trigger break adjustment mechanism 110 configured to adjust an initial separation distance between the first and second magnets 72, 74.

[0046] In one embodiment, the trigger break adjustment mechanism 110 includes a lever arm 112 positioned to engage the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50, and an adjustment member 114 configured to reposition the lever arm 112 to vary the initial separation distance.

[0047] In one example, the magnetic field sensor 120 comprises a Hall effect sensor.

[0048] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes a laser emitter 240, 242 operatively connected to the magnetic field sensor 120. The laser emitter 240, 242 is activated when the magnetic field sensor 120 detects the second magnet 74. In an arrangement, the first and second magnets 72, 74 are positioned such that magnetic attraction forces between them increase nonlinearly as separation distance decreases.

[0049] In further aspect, a firearm training apparatus includes a housing 30, a trigger 42, an internal arm 50, and a first and second magnets 72, 74. The trigger 42 is movably mounted to the housing 30. The trigger 42 includes an actuating portion 43. Further, an internal arm 50 is movably mounted to the housing 30 at a fulcrum 98. The internal arm 50 includes a base area 52 and a distal area 54. The first magnet 72 is fixed relative to the housing 30. The second magnet 74 is fixed to the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50. The first and second magnets 72, 74 are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion 43 of the trigger 42 is configured to engage the base area 52 of the internal arm 50 upon movement of the trigger 42, causing rotation of the internal arm 50 about the fulcrum 98 and separation of the second magnet 74 from the first magnet 72. Further, a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area 52 to the fulcrum 98 is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum 98. Furthermore, a magnetic field sensor 120 positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet 74. Moreover, a first optical sensor 122 is positioned to detect initial movement of the trigger 42.

[0050] In an example, the first optical sensor 122 comprises a photo-interrupter.

[0051] In an embodiment, the trigger 42 further includes a first extension 100 configured to interrupt light within the first optical sensor 122 upon initial movement of the trigger 42.

[0052] In an embodiment, the apparatus further includes a control circuit 118, and a first laser emitter 240. The control circuit 118 is in communication with the first optical sensor 122. The first laser emitter 240 is operatively connected to the control circuit 118. The control circuit 118 activates the first laser emitter 240 upon detection of initial trigger movement by the first optical sensor 122.

[0053] In further aspect, a firearm training apparatus includes a housing 30, a trigger 42, an internal arm 50, and a first and second magnets 72, 74. The trigger 42 is movably mounted to the housing 30. The trigger 42 includes an actuating portion 43. Further, an internal arm 50 is movably mounted to the housing 30 at a fulcrum 98. The internal arm 50 includes a base area 52 and a distal area 54. The first magnet 72 is fixed relative to the housing 30. The second magnet 74 is fixed to the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50. The first and second magnets 72, 74 are oriented to attract each other. The actuating portion 43 of the trigger 42 is configured to engage the base area 52 of the internal arm 50 upon movement of the trigger 42, causing rotation of the internal arm 50 about the fulcrum 98 and separation of the second magnet 74 from the first magnet 72. Further, a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area 52 to the fulcrum 98 is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum 98. Furthermore, a magnetic field sensor 120 positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet 74. Moreover, a first optical sensor 122 is positioned to detect initial movement of the trigger 42. A second optical sensor 124 is positioned to detect the trigger 42 reaching a predetermined position prior to separation of the first and second magnets 72, 74.

[0054] In an example, the second optical sensor 124 includes a photo-interrupter.

[0055] In an example, the apparatus further includes a control circuit 118, a first laser emitter 240, and a second laser emitter 242. The control circuit 118 is in communication with the first optical sensor 122, the second optical sensor 124, and the magnetic field sensor 120. The first laser emitter 240 is operatively connected to the control circuit 118. The second laser emitter 242 is operatively connected to the control circuit 118.

[0056] In an example, the control circuit 118 is configured to activate the first laser emitter 240 upon detection by at least one of the first optical sensor 122 and the second optical sensor 124. The control circuit 118 is configured to also activate the second laser emitter 124 upon detection by the magnetic field sensor 120. The control circuit 118 includes a microprocessor 130. The first laser emitter 240 emits visible light and the second laser emitter 242 emits infrared light.

[0057] In further aspect, a method of simulating a firearm trigger 42 break in a training device is provided. The method includes: providing a trigger 42 mechanically coupled to an internal arm 50 through a lever system having a mechanical advantage of less than one; biasing the internal arm 50 with a magnetic attraction force between a first magnet 72 and a second magnet 74, wherein the magnetic attraction force increases nonlinearly as distance between the first and second magnets 72, 74 decreases; receiving a rearward input force 90 on the trigger 42 from a user; transferring the rearward input force 90 through the lever system to overcome the magnetic attraction force; abruptly separating the first and second magnets 72, 74 when the transferred force exceeds the magnetic attraction force; and detecting the magnet separation using a magnetic field sensor 120 to indicate a trigger 42 break event.

[0058] In an example, the mechanical advantage is between 0.15 and 0.3.

[0059] The method further includes: activating a laser emitter 240, 242 upon detection of the trigger 42 break event by the magnetic field sensor 120.

[0060] Herein onwards the apparatus will now be described in detail with reference to each FIGS.

[0061] As shown in FIG. 1, there is a trigger module 20. In the description, the axis system 22 is shown with the arrow 24 indicating a vertical axis pointed in an upward direction, and the arrow 26 indicates a longitudinal axis pointed in a forward direction. Orthogonal to axes as indicated by arrows 24 and 26 is a lateral axis, indicating a lateral direction. What comes off the page in FIG. 1 would be considered a left direction, and the diametrically opposed direction would be considered to the right. Of course, the axis system 22 is for aiding in the description in the general orientation of a preferred embodiment, not intended to limit the components to any absolute particular orientation, direction, or specific configuration.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 1A, there is depicted what appears to be a conventional SIRT pistol 10, which is known in the industry as a trademarked acronym for Shot Indicating Resetting Trigger (SIRT). This pistol, of course, is produced by NextLevel Training, the assignee of this application. Prior material is hereby incorporated by reference, including the following: U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,646,201, 9,746,271B2, 10,557,684B2, US20200278167A1, U.S. Pat Nos. 11,466,954B2, and 12,025,394B2.

[0063] As perhaps better shown for context in FIG. 1B, a cross-sectional view reveals how the training pistol 10, having a slide 12 and a frame 14, is arborately configured to house the trigger module 20 therein. It should be noted that in FIG. 1B, the sights are not shown in this photo, but surfaces to receive conventional sights are provided on the slide 12. In the broader scope, the rear portion of the slide 12 can be machined out and properly configured to receive optics.

[0064] As shown in FIG. 2, the trigger module 20 is shown in a partially disassembled state, where the housing 30, in one form, is a split housing having a base member 32 and, as shown in FIG. 1, a housing cover plate 34. As generally shown in FIG. 2, there are various systems and components therein the housing 30. Trigger module 20 generally comprises a power source 36, a laser system 38, a trigger assembly 40, and a logic center 41. These components will be discussed in detail herein.

[0065] The trigger assembly 40 comprises a trigger 42, which, in a preferred form, is pivot-mounted at pivot point 44. In a preferred form, the housing has a surface defining a circular opening where the pivot point 44 is a metallic pin passing therethrough, allowing rotation of the trigger 42. The trigger 42 comprises an actuating portion 43 having a finger engagement portion 46 and an actuating arm 48. In one preferred form, the trigger 42 is a unitary structure that can be plastic-injected with acetyl or other suitable materials.

[0066] As further shown in FIG. 2, the trigger assembly 40 comprises an internal arm 50. The internal arm 50, in general, is partly configured to engage with the actuating arm 48 of the trigger 42 as a lever with a mechanical advantage of less than one, allowing a biasing force, in a preferred form, from magnets to provide a break sensation when a shooter applies force on the finger engagement portion 46. This portion of the trigger assembly 40 will be described in detail below.

[0067] The internal arm 50 will now be described in FIG. 3. In general, the internal arm 50 comprises a base area 52 and a distal area 54, where the internal arm 50 is pivot-mounted at internal pivot point 56. The base area 52 comprises an actuating arm engagement surface 58 and a return tab 60. These components will be discussed further herein following a discussion of the contracting force system 70.

[0068] As further shown in FIG. 3, the contracting force system 70, which is generally located at the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50, in a preferred form, comprises portions on the internal arm 50 and portions attached to the housing 30. Specifically, a stationary magnet 72 (also referred to as “first magnet”) is fixedly attached to the housing 30. In one preferred form, the housing 30 is plastic-injected and includes a surface defining an opening therein, where the magnet is pressed in a lateral direction to be mechanically and frictionally stationary with respect to the housing 30.

[0069] The stationary magnet 72 cooperates with the mobile magnet 74 (also referred to as “second magnet”), which is fixedly attached to the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50. The polarity of the magnets 74 and 72 is such that there is an attraction between them, drawing them together. It is well known in the art that the closer the magnets are, the stronger the pull and draw, and ultimately the force bringing them together. As the mobile magnet 74 moves away from the stationary magnet 72, the force drops in a nonlinear manner, more akin to an exponential manner.

[0070] The initial distance between the mobile magnet 74 and the stationary magnet 72 is controlled, in one form, by the trigger force adjustment system 80, which is described below. Before detailing the adjustment of the trigger break, we will now provide a detailed discussion of how the basic operation of the trigger assembly functions to simulate a trigger pull of a live firearm for training purposes.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 4, the trigger 42 has a finger engagement portion 46, presumably receiving pressure from an end user. This can be accomplished by what is generally shown as a trigger press force vector 90, which is generally in a longitudinal rearward direction, presumably caused by the index finger of a shooter or user, otherwise referred to as a trainee, pressing the trigger 42 somewhere along the finger engagement portion 46, namely a longitudinal forward surface 47 thereof.

[0072] As further shown in FIG. 4, in the interior portion of the housing 30, the actuator arm 48 has now repositioned into a longitudinal forward position. The base area 52, having the actuating arm engagement surface 58, is now in contact with the upper surface 49 of the actuating arm 48. By this contact, the upper surface 49 exerts a trigger actuating force vector 94, as shown in FIG. 4.

[0073] As is common in the art and well known amongst the technically minded and the non-technical alike, magnets create a contracting force between them. Therefore, the attraction between the static magnet 72 and the mobile magnet 74 creates a resistance force vector 96.

[0074] The internal pivot 56 has an inner arm fulcrum 98, which serves as the exact rotation point of the internal arm 50. It can thus be appreciated that the trigger actuating force vector 94 has a closer perpendicular distance (also referred to as “first distance”) to the inner arm fulcrum 98 than the perpendicular distance (also referred to as “second distance”) between the resistance force vector 96 and the inner arm fulcrum 98, creating a mechanical advantage of less than one.

[0075] In a preferred form, the mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance is less than one over three and, in some form less than 0.5, and in some forms, could be as low as 1 / 10. A preferred range appears to be a mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance of about 0.15 to about 0.3, with broader ranges, of course, being operational depending upon the distance of the trigger actuating force vector 94 from the pivot 44 and the magnitude of the resistance force vector 96. This also depends on the perpendicular distance between the resistance force vector 96 and the inner arm fulcrum 98.

[0076] Many values can be arranged for numerous possibilities, but the broad concept is a mechanical advantage of less than one, which causes a rapid acceleration and separation between the mobile magnet 74 and the stationary magnet 72.

[0077] The mechanical advantage of the lever system formed by the trigger 42, actuating arm 48, and internal arm 50 is a critical design parameter that determines the trigger break characteristics and distinguishes this training apparatus from conventional trigger simulation systems. The mechanical advantage is defined as the ratio of the perpendicular distance from the actuating arm engagement surface 58 to the internal pivot point 56, divided by the perpendicular distance from the mobile magnet 74 to the internal pivot point 56. In the preferred embodiment, this ratio is less than one, meaning the system employs mechanical disadvantage rather than mechanical advantage. This design choice is intentional and provides several critical functional benefits.

[0078] When mechanical disadvantage is employed, the force applied by the trigger is mechanically reduced when transmitted to the mobile magnet 74. However, the exponential nature of magnetic attraction forces creates a critical threshold effect. As the shooter applies increasing force to the trigger 42, the force transmitted to overcome the magnetic attraction increases gradually. The magnetic attraction force between the stationary magnet 72 and mobile magnet 74 increases rapidly as the magnets approach each other, following an inverse relationship with distance. Once the transmitted force exceeds the magnetic attraction force at a particular separation distance, the internal arm 50 accelerates rapidly, causing abrupt separation of the magnets. This rapid acceleration creates the sharp break sensation characteristic of quality firearms triggers.

[0079] The mechanical disadvantage also creates a sensitive system where small changes in trigger pull weight, controlled by the trigger break adjustment mechanism 110, produce noticeable differences in break force felt by the user. This allows fine-tuning to match specific firearm trigger characteristics across a wide range of trigger pull weights. Additionally, by using mechanical disadvantage, relatively strong magnets can be employed to provide durable, long-lasting performance, while still achieving realistic trigger pull weights. Without mechanical disadvantage, weaker magnets would be required to achieve the same pull weight, reducing reliability and longevity of the magnetic system.

[0080] Testing has established preferred ranges for the mechanical advantage ratio. In a most preferred range of 0.15 to 0.3, the system provides optimal balance between realistic trigger break feel and reliable operation across various orientations and conditions. This range consistently produces a sharp, clean break sensation similar to high-quality striker-fired pistols. In a lower range of 0.1 to 0.15, the system produces an extremely sharp, almost instantaneous break that may be preferred for competition shooting simulation or when emulating very light trigger pulls, though manufacturing tolerances become more critical in this range. In an upper range of 0.3 to 0.5, the system produces a slightly softer break with more perceptible travel during the break event, which may be preferred when simulating certain double-action triggers or teaching shooters who are sensitive to sharp breaks. When mechanical advantage exceeds 0.5, the break becomes progressively softer and less distinct, degrading the training value, and such values are not recommended for this application.

[0081] The deliberate use of mechanical disadvantage combined with the exponential force-distance relationship of magnetic attraction creates a unique trigger break characteristic that cannot be easily replicated through conventional mechanical means. This represents a significant departure from most mechanical trigger systems which use mechanical advantage greater than one to amplify force or motion.

[0082] Now referring to FIG. 5, the arrangement of the components in the trigger assembly 40 is in a “full break” orientation. Most notably, FIG. 5 highlights the internal arm 50 positioned in the full break orientation, where the mobile magnet 74 has maximum separation from the stationary magnet 72. Furthermore, the upper surface 51 of the actuating arm 48 has cleared the actuating arm engagement surface 58, more specifically at the crest numerically indicated as 59, thereby allowing free travel of the actuating arm 48 to pass underneath.

[0083] This allows for the sensation of free travel after the break, emulating the free travel of a live fire pistol after a striker or hammer drops, which is generally referred to as overtravel. The amount of overtravel can be adjusted independently from the interaction and operation between the trigger 42 and the internal arm 50.

[0084] Referring now to the middle portion of FIG. 5, with specific emphasis on the mobile magnet 74, it can be appreciated that not only does the mobile magnet 74 have much less of a resistance force vector, generally indicated at 96', primarily and predominantly due to the distance from the stationary magnet 72, but it also has a secondary function of interfacing with the logic center 41.

[0085] Briefly referring to FIG. 4, the logic center 41 comprises a magnetic field sensor 120 including a Hall effect sensor, which can detect magnetic field disturbances. In one embodiment, the firearm training apparatus includes a laser emitter, such as 240, 242 operatively connected to the magnetic field sensor 120, wherein the laser emitter, such as 240, 242 is activated when the magnetic field sensor 120 detects the mobile magnet 74. Therefore, referring back to FIG. 5, when the mobile magnet 74 is in near proximity to the magnetic field sensor 120 (shown in FIG. 4 because it is obscured in FIG. 5 by the mobile magnet 74 and the internal arm 50 covering its visibility), this activation operates within the programming of the logic center 41 to indicate that the trigger has been pulled. This action generally activates a shot-indicating laser 240, which will be described further herein.

[0086] To complete the full follow-through of operating a trigger, the shooter must relinquish pressure upon the trigger, allowing the trigger finger and the exposed trigger to travel longitudinally forward. Naturally, we want the training tool to return to the starting state. In this case, the internal arm 50 will rotate counterclockwise with respect to the observable views in the FIGS., and the magnets will return to close proximity to one another.

[0087] To aid in the return of the internal arm 50, the return tab 60 is fixedly and integrally attached as part of the internal arm 50, where the forward surface 61 (also referred simply to as “surface”) is configured to engage the longitudinal rearward surface 53 of the actuating arm 48. Even a slight amount of force is sufficient to bring the internal arm 50 back downward to a position as shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 5A it can be appreciated that the trigger lower portion is moving forward indicated by Arrow 67 and the return tab 60 is engaged by the actuating arm 48 and whereby the actuated arm continues to move the direction indicated by Arrow 69 this will Aid in rotating the internal arm 50 counterclockwise indicated by Arrow 71. Of course, the return could be achieved by other means, such as torsional springs, and gravity could theoretically bring the internal arm 50 downward. However, as noted with the axis system 22 in FIG. 1, the terms “upward” and “lateral” are relative, as training can occur in various orientations, including sideways or even inverted. Therefore, relying on gravity to return the internal arm 50 is not a wise design choice.

[0088] Furthermore, the magnetic force can be drastically reduced, which might prevent the internal arm 50 from returning. However, in general, there is sufficient magnetic draw between the static magnet 72 and the mobile magnet 74 to assist in returning the internal arm 50 to its rest position, as shown in FIG. 4.

[0089] The return mechanism ensures reliable reset of the trigger assembly 40 after each trigger pull, regardless of the training apparatus orientation. Multiple return forces contribute to this function, providing redundancy and reliability across diverse operating conditions. As shown in FIG. 5A, the return tab 60 is integrally formed as part of the internal arm 50 and serves as the primary mechanical return element. When the trigger 42 moves forward as indicated by arrow 67, the longitudinal rearward surface 53 of the actuating arm 48 contacts the forward surface 61 of the return tab 60. Continued forward motion of the trigger in the direction of arrow 69 causes the return tab 60 to be pushed, rotating the internal arm 50 counterclockwise as indicated by arrow 71 about the internal pivot point 56.

[0090] This positive mechanical linkage ensures return even when the training apparatus is oriented sideways or inverted, when magnetic forces are reduced due to adjustment or magnet aging, or when environmental factors affect other return forces. The mechanical return through the return tab 60 does not rely on gravity or elastic forces that might degrade over time, ensuring consistent performance throughout the product lifetime.

[0091] The magnetic attraction between the stationary magnet 72 and mobile magnet 74 provides a secondary assisting force that helps return the internal arm 50 to its rest position. As the magnets approach each other during return, the attraction force increases exponentially, following the inverse square law for magnetic field strength. This creates a snap effect as the magnets reach close proximity, helping to ensure complete return and prevent the internal arm 50 from remaining in an intermediate position. The magnetic return force supplements the mechanical return provided by the return tab 60, creating a dual return mechanism with enhanced reliability.

[0092] The combination of mechanical and magnetic return forces provides important benefits. If magnetic force alone were relied upon, certain orientations with gravity opposing return might experience sluggish or incomplete reset. If mechanical return alone were relied upon, wear or contamination of the return tab 60 or actuating arm surfaces could cause increasing friction and degraded performance over time. The combination ensures consistent operation across the product lifetime and across all possible orientations during use.

[0093] With the foregoing description in place, which primarily focuses on the mechanical operation of the unit, coupled with innovative switching utilizing the mobile magnet 74—not only for applying a force to be counteracted in a clever lever system to take advantage of the exponential drop of force between magnets with respect to distance, but also to utilize the magnetic field fluctuations to cooperate with the logic system to activate lasers and engage in other possible programmed activities—we will now focus on another aspect of training diagnostics with respect to portions of the trigger pull.

[0094] Referring now to FIG. 6, an isometric view shows the actuating arm 48 in a perspective where it further comprises an extension 100. In one form, the extension 100 extends laterally outwardly and is positioned to cooperate and interact with the first trigger movement sensor 122, also referred to as “first optical sensor”. Briefly referring to FIG. 4, the first trigger movement sensor 122 and the take-up sensor 124 can be seen, both of which are fixedly attached to the circuit board 118 of the logic center 41, which will be described further herein.

[0095] From the vantage of FIG. 6, it can be appreciated that, in one preferred form, the extension 100 cooperates and interacts with the first trigger motion sensor 122, whereby the extension inhibits the passage of light through the members of the first trigger motion sensor122. This sensor is of a common design, generally referred to as a photo-interrupter sensor, which is often placed on circuit boards in an economical and effective manner to detect an interruption in light. In this case, however, the novel approach utilizes a moving component, effectively attached to the circuit board, to detect movement thereof.

[0096] In a similar manner, as shown in FIG. 10, the trigger take-up extension 103, which is fixedly attached to the actuating arm 48 and best seen in the isometric view of FIG. 9, is configured to cooperate with the take-up sensor 124. This interaction is shown asymmetrically in FIG. 10 but is best clearly visible in FIG. 8.

[0097] Further logic and operation of these two sensors will be described herein, but now is an appropriate time to introduce them as far as their mechanical positioning and operation with the trigger 42.

[0098] Before discussing the logic and operations, we will continue describing and expanding upon the mechanical aspects of the training system. Referring back to FIG. 2, it can be appreciated that the trigger assembly 40 comprises a subassembly of a trigger break adjustment mechanism 110 configured to adjust an initial separation distance between the first and second magnets (72, 74). In general, the operation of the trigger break adjustment mechanism 110 is to reposition the internal arm 50 in a manner that aligns the poles of the magnets with separation. While the internal arm rotates and the poles are not exactly colinear, they achieve substantial alignment, thereby reducing the amount of force required to separate them further.

[0099] This separation can be accomplished whereby the trigger break adjustment mechanism 110 comprises a lever arm 112, having an upward surface, engages the distal area 54 of the internal arm 50. The trigger break adjustment mechanism 110 also comprises an adjustment member 114 configured to reposition the lever arm 112 to vary the initial separation distance. The separation via the adjustment member 114 can be executed in a variety of ways; however, one simple means is to utilize a conventional set screw, such as a hex-based screw, configured to engage threading within the housing 30. The separation member 114, such as, a set screw (also may be referred to as “set screw 114”) imparts an upward repositioning force upon the lever arm 112. In one form, the lever arm 112 can pivot against the housing 30 at end to provide a consistent static force to separate the mobile magnet 74 from the stationary magnet 72.

[0100] Note that the head of the set screw 114 is fixedly attached within a surface-defining void, encapsulating the head so that the set screw 114 rotates without repositioning. A movable bolt is positioned at area 115 to reposition the lever arm 112. For example, by rotating the set screw 114 clockwise (as referenced from the bottom), the area 115 is brought downward, allowing the internal arm 50 to enter a heavy-break home state. In this state, the mobile magnet 74 is in closer physical proximity to the stationary magnet 72.

[0101] As is well known in the art (and by anyone who has experimented with magnets), the closer the proximity of the magnets, the greater the force pulling them together. Referring to FIG. 4, the resistance force vector 96 in this configuration is now of greater magnitude.

[0102] With the foregoing description in place, referring back to FIG. 2, we now discuss the logic center, which can be executed in a variety of forms. A preferred form and enabling description will be outlined herein. The logic center is broadly categorized as a combination of programmed logic and hardware, packaged in an economical and reliable configuration to provide robust functionality. It achieves this through a seamless integration of onboard componentry, including a circuit board and rigid components, all configured to interface effectively with an end-user and a simple control system to cycle between potential modes of operation. This description provides an enabling methodology, along with one practical method of implementing the innovations embodied and inherent throughout this disclosure.

[0103] FIG. 2 generally shows the logic center 41, but now referring to FIG. 11, there is shown a populated circuit board, which could colloquially be referred to as the “brains” of the unit. The logic center 41 comprises, in part, the circuit board 118. As previously mentioned, the circuit board 118 includes the magnetic field sensor 120, such as the Hall effect sensor, otherwise simply also referred to as “the sensor 120”, which is configured to detect the presence of a magnet, more specifically the mobile magnet 74 (described with reference to FIGS. 2 through 5 above).

[0104] FIG. 11 is a conventional circuit board with some of the notable components described herein. Indicated at 123 is a positive contact terminal for input power. In a preferred form, the power source would be a lithium battery, such as a conventional 1-3 lithium battery, which generally supplies about 3.2V. Of course, the power supply could vary. As shown in FIG. 2, the power source 36 is a standard lithium battery, where the positive event 37 is in close proximity to the positive contact terminals 123, as shown in FIG. 11.

[0105] The negative contact terminals 125 are provided to hardwire wiring and fixtures to maintain electrical communication with the power source 36, as shown in FIG. 2. In particular, these negative terminals attach to a conventional battery connector 39, as shown in FIG. 2. Referring back to FIG. 11, the area indicating the forward terminals at 126 is for laser contacts. These terminals are configured to have positive and negative connections to lasers, in particular the shot-indicating laser and trigger-take-up laser of the laser system 38, described further herein.

[0106] This system is very conventional in the art of training, particularly with SIRT pistols, which are prior to this application and are commonly owned by the assignee of this application. As mentioned above, previous applications are incorporated by reference.

[0107] As shown in FIG. 11, there is a conventional microprocessor 130. In a preferred form, the microprocessor is reprogrammable. Furthermore, there is the user interface mode button 132, which provides an interactive interface for the end-user to cycle through different modes of operation.

[0108] The training apparatus includes a user-configurable mode selection system that allows the end user to customize operational parameters without requiring computer programming or external interfaces. This system operates through the mode button 132 in combination with specific trigger positions to access different configuration menus, providing an intuitive interface for field adjustment of training parameters.

[0109] To configure when the trigger take-up laser 242 activates, the user follows this procedure. First, the training apparatus is powered on using the power source 36. Next, the user positions the trigger in the prep position where the actuating arm engagement surface 58 is in contact with the upper surface 49 of the actuating arm 48, as shown in FIG. 4. While holding the trigger in this position, the user presses and holds the mode button 132 for approximately one second. The system then enters trigger sensing mode configuration. Each subsequent press of the mode button 132 cycles through available trigger sensing modes. The trigger take-up laser 242 blinks a number of times corresponding to the selected mode to provide visual feedback to the user.

[0110] Available trigger sensing modes include a first mode where the trigger take-up laser is completely disabled and will not activate regardless of trigger position, a second mode where the trigger take-up laser activates upon first touch when the first trigger movement sensor 122 (also referred to as “first optical sensor 122”) detects initial trigger movement, and a third mode where the trigger take-up laser activates only upon reaching the prep position when the take-up sensor 124 (also referred to as “second optical sensor 124”) is activated. This flexibility allows the training apparatus to be configured for different training protocols and user preferences.

[0111] To configure how the shot-indicating laser 240 operates upon trigger break, the user follows a different procedure. The user positions the trigger in the full break position where the mobile magnet 74 is in proximity to the Hall effect sensor 120, as shown in FIG. 5. While holding the trigger pinned in the rearward position, the user presses the mode button 132. The system then enters laser operational mode configuration. Each subsequent press of the mode button 132 cycles through available laser operational modes. The shot-indicating laser 240 blinks a number of times corresponding to the selected mode to provide visual feedback.

[0112] Available laser operational modes include a constant-on mode where the laser remains illuminated as long as the mobile magnet 74 is detected by sensor 120, and multiple pulsed modes with different durations. In the pulsed modes, the laser activates for a predetermined duration and then extinguishes even if the trigger remains held. Pulse duration options include 0.05 seconds for very brief indication, 0.2 seconds for moderate duration indication, and 0.5 seconds for extended indication. An additional mode provides modulated pulsing at a base frequency of approximately 200 Hz, where the laser rapidly turns on and off during the pulse duration to create a unique signature detectable by targeting systems.

[0113] The pulse durations and modulation frequencies are programmable within the microprocessor 130 and can be customized for specific end-user requirements or targeting system compatibility. This programmability allows the training apparatus to interface with various commercial and military targeting systems that may have different technical requirements for laser pulse characteristics.

[0114] And as previously mentioned, the photo-interrupter sensors referred to as the first trigger movement sensor or the first optical sensor 122 are part of this circuit board and interact with the system described earlier.

[0115] As shown in FIG. 8 and discussed above, the take-up sensor 124 is another photo-interrupter sensor. The remainder of the components are conventional in the art, including transistors and capacitors, which are used to carry out the intended logic. This logic is well known in the art of circuit board design and electromechanical devices.

[0116] Before discussing the logic, there will be a description of the laser system. As stated previously, the laser system 38 is very similar in design, position adjustment, and componentry to previous SIRT training pistols. The SIRT laser system 38 comprises a shot-indicating laser 240 and a trigger take-up laser 242. This laser system is adjustable and of a common design. The lasers can adjust left and right, up and down (vertical and windage), to align with the aiming system of the pistol. As shown in FIG. 1A, the shot-indicating laser is generally aligned with properly centered and conventional sights on the pistol to indicate exactly where a bullet would hit. The trigger take-up laser 242 is utilized to understand some operations of the trigger, generally prior to breaking a shot.

[0117] The laser system 38 is highly configurable to accommodate various training scenarios and targeting system requirements. The training apparatus can be configured with different combinations of visible and infrared laser emitters, such as laser emitters 240, 242 to suit specific operational needs. This configurability is achieved through selection of appropriate laser diodes during manufacturing, with the logic center 41 capable of controlling any combination without modification.

[0118] In a first configuration using dual visible lasers, both the shot-indicating laser 240 and the trigger take-up laser 242 emit visible light, typically red light with a wavelength of approximately 650 nanometers. This configuration is optimal for individual training where the shooter receives immediate visual feedback about both trigger prep and shot indication. The visible lasers allow the shooter to see exactly where the training firearm is aimed during trigger manipulation, facilitating self-diagnosis of trigger control issues.

[0119] In a second configuration using dual infrared lasers, both laser emitters operate in the infrared spectrum, typically at wavelengths of approximately 850 nanometers or 940 nanometers. This configuration is preferred for military applications where covert operation is required and night vision equipment is used. The infrared emissions are not visible to the naked eye but are readily detected by camera-based targeting systems and night vision devices. This allows training to occur with reduced light signature while maintaining full diagnostic capability through electronic detection systems.

[0120] In a third configuration using mixed visible and infrared emission, the shot-indicating laser 240 emits visible light while the trigger take-up laser 242 emits infrared light. This hybrid configuration allows the shooter to see shot placement through the visible shot-indicating laser while providing invisible trigger prep indication that can be recorded by targeting systems for diagnostic analysis without distracting the shooter. Alternatively, the configuration can be reversed with the shot-indicating laser 240 emitting infrared light while the trigger take-up laser 242 emits visible light. This alternative is useful when shot indication is recorded by a targeting system for automated scoring while the shooter wants visible feedback about trigger prep for training purposes.

[0121] The laser system interfaces with sophisticated targeting systems used in shooting simulators. These systems typically employ high-speed cameras capable of detecting both visible and infrared light emissions at frame rates exceeding 200 frames per second. When multiple training firearms are used simultaneously in the same training environment, the targeting system must be able to distinguish which unit fired which shot. This is accomplished through several methods enabled by the programmable laser system.

[0122] In a first discrimination method using pulse duration, each training firearm can be programmed with a unique pulse duration. For example, a first unit may be programmed with a 0.05 second pulse, a second unit with a 0.2 second pulse, and a third unit with a 0.5 second pulse. The targeting system camera detects the duration of each pulse and assigns it to the corresponding unit based on the known duration mapping.

[0123] In a second discrimination method using frequency modulation, the shot-indicating laser can be modulated at different base frequencies. For example, a first unit may pulse at 200 Hz, a second unit at 250 Hz, and a third unit at 300 Hz. Within a given pulse duration, the number of on-off cycles differs based on the base frequency, allowing the targeting system to distinguish between units by counting cycles or analyzing frequency content.

[0124] The targeting system can also track muzzle orientation by continuously monitoring laser position. High-speed cameras detect the precise point of laser impact on a screen or target surface. By tracking the laser position particularly when the trigger take-up laser 242 is illuminated, the system can record muzzle stability during trigger prep, trigger control as evidenced by movement of the laser point during trigger press, follow-through characteristics shown by movement after break, and the time interval between trigger prep and break. This timing data provides valuable diagnostic information about the shooter's trigger control technique and can be used to identify issues such as jerking, slapping, or improper prep.

[0125] The logic of operations will now be discussed with general reference to some of the previous steps above regarding mechanical operations. One mode of operation in the logic center's memory is first touch activation, where, when the actuating arm 48 is moved and rotates, as shown in FIG. 6, the extension 100 will activate the first trigger movement sensor 122. The signal will be sent to and processed by the microprocessor 130 and activate the trigger take-up laser 242 in a most common form. But of course, the logic in the microprocessor could be set to activate the shot-indicating laser 240, or either of the lasers 240 or 242 could be infrared, where a system can pick up the infrared detection. Or in a broader scope, the circuit board could be populated with a transmitter-receiver system, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or any other type of signaling, such as RF signaling, proprietary or conventional, to indicate that the trigger is being pulled. This is very useful to know when an end-user has their finger on the trigger and has a certain amount of movement, because it is common in the art of pistol craft to not have your finger on the trigger until you're ready to shoot. Therefore, the technology can interface with many training and safety protocols to ensure proper trigger finger discipline.

[0126] As shown in FIG. 4, it can be appreciated that the new extension 102 is communicating with the take-up sensor 124, thereby in another setting or mode, this sensor can cooperate with the microprocessor 130 to activate the trigger take-up laser 242 or otherwise provide some communication, such as to a communication device or to an external monitor of sorts, through similar protocols mentioned above: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, RF proprietary or conventional signaling, etc., to indicate when the trigger is fully prepped. The term “prepped,” which is conventional in the art of pistol craft, means the trigger take-up is complete, the trigger is pressed approximately halfway, and then there is an increased amount of force required to actually break the shot.

[0127] As can be clearly seen in FIG. 4, and as mentioned above, the upper surface 49 is in engagement with the actuating arm engagement surface 58, whereby at this time, it would require a greater amount of trigger press force vector 90 to break the shot. This, of course, very much simulates a live-fire pistol, which has completely different operations. In such pistols, the trigger will have a certain amount of take-up, generally depressing a safety plunger to allow movement of a striker, applying pressure from a trigger bar onto a striker sear surface to load, and then camming down the striker to go forward and impact a primer. That distinct feeling of a break as a striker drops—or in some platforms, as the hammer drops—is very much emulated by the catastrophic and abrupt separation of the magnets, thereby making this an exceptional training tool emulating the break of a live-fire gun with all the tremendous functionality and diagnostics of a dedicated training tool.

[0128] As mentioned above, the sensor 120 will be activated when the movable magnet 74 activates the Hall effect sensor aspect, and this in turn can be used by the microprocessor 130 to generally activate the shot-indicating laser 240. The shot-indicating laser 240 can have various modes of activation, such as constant-on (remaining on when the movable magnet 74 is in proximity to the sensor 120) or a pulse. Some systems, such as targeting systems, require pulsing the laser on for a specific duration. For example, the laser could be modulated at 200 Hz as a base frequency, turning on and off at this frequency. In a given pulse length, such as 0.05 seconds, there would be so many on / off cycles depending on the base frequency. A high-speed camera system can pick up the number of pulses to distinguish which gun fired which shot. Alternatively, the overall duration of a constant-on pulse can also be used to distinguish which unit was fired on a screen with a targeting system.

[0129] To adjust the targeting system, a simple and innovative method has been chosen. When the trigger is prepped (sensor 124 activated) or fully depressed (sensor 120 activated), the end-user cycles through the modes of operation by pressing the mode button 132. As the user cycles through the modes, the lasers can come on, such as the shot-indicating laser 240 blinking a number of times to indicate which mode it is in. For example:

[0130] Mode 1: Shot indication only, with no take-up laser (useful for certain training applications).

[0131] Mode 2: Take-up laser on at first touch (sensor 122 activated).

[0132] Mode 3: Take-up laser turns on when the trigger is fully prepped (sensor 124 activated).

[0133] Mode 4: Shot-indicating laser operates in pulse mode, with configurable durations such as 0.05, 0.2, or 0.5 seconds.

[0134] This flexibility accommodates specific end-user requirements, such as military groups requesting infrared lasers for training. For instance, the trigger take-up laser 242 can be repurposed as a shot-indicating laser in the infrared spectrum. In this case, the laser feedback would not be visible to the end-user but could be detected by targeting systems for diagnostics, such as checking for proper dot formation instead of dashes.

[0135] Of course, the formative of our samples could include six or seven modes, but generally speaking, after seven blinks, it becomes a bit much for the end-user to keep track of which mode they are in. It is possible, and theoretical, that the mode could be contingent on the types of lasers. For example, the mode can be set, and the lasers would indicate which mode they are in by way of the take-up laser pulsing or emitting a certain number of blinks, indicating first touch or prep, and the shot-indicating laser pulsing a certain number of times to indicate a mode.

[0136] The important thing to note is that the unit is highly customizable to the end-user's needs through its programming and hardware. Furthermore, the location of the sensors could be adjusted. In a broader scope, rotational sensors could be employed to detect the exact number of units of rotation of the trigger and apply programming based on this input. However, to fit the broader market and maintain an economical unit, two sensors at the critical areas of first touch and prep are adequate to meet the majority of market needs.

[0137] Further, the training apparatus described herein is particularly suited for use in the shooting simulator market, which represents the primary commercial application for this technology. Shooting simulators are widely deployed in law enforcement training facilities, military training installations, commercial shooting ranges with simulator capability, and personal training systems for civilian users.

[0138] A typical shooting simulator installation consists of a large projection screen displaying realistic training scenarios, a high-speed camera system for laser detection positioned near the screen, computer processors running scenario software that generates training situations and records performance data, and multiple training firearms such as the apparatus described herein that are connected to the system. The configurable laser system of the training apparatus allows a single hardware design to interface with multiple different simulator platforms having varying technical requirements, reducing manufacturing complexity while maximizing market compatibility.

[0139] The dual optical sensor system provides particularly valuable diagnostic information in simulator training scenarios. By detecting both first touch and prep position, the system can record trigger finger discipline, showing when the shooter places their finger on the trigger relative to the threat presentation in the scenario. The time interval between prep and break can be analyzed to evaluate trigger control technique, with shorter intervals generally indicating better trigger control. Muzzle stability data captured by the targeting system during the prep phase can identify shooters who are disturbing their sight picture during trigger manipulation, a common fundamental error in pistol marksmanship.

[0140] The programmable laser modes enable the training apparatus to adapt to different training objectives. For basic marksmanship training, constant-on mode for the shot-indicating laser 240 provides clear feedback about shot placement. For more advanced training simulating multiple rapid shots, shorter pulse durations prevent visual confusion between successive shots. For force-on-force training scenarios using multiple shooters, the frequency modulation discrimination capability allows the targeting system to attribute each shot to the correct shooter even when multiple units fire nearly simultaneously.

[0141] The simulator market values the ability to collect detailed performance metrics for analysis and documentation. The sensor data from the training apparatus, transmitted to the simulator computer system through the targeting camera or through supplemental wireless communication, provides quantifiable measures of trigger control technique that can be tracked over time to demonstrate training progress and identify areas requiring additional instruction.

[0142] The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the present disclosure and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the present disclosure and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is understood that various omission and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstance may suggest or render expedient, but such are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims of the present disclosure.

Examples

Embodiment Construction

[0038]For a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, reference is to be made to the following detailed description, including the appended claims, in connection with the above-described drawings. Although the present disclosure is described in connection with exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific forms set forth herein. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, but these are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims of the present disclosure. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,”“comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additi...

Claims

1. A firearm training apparatus comprising:a housing;a trigger movably mounted to the housing, the trigger comprising an actuating portion;an internal arm movably mounted to the housing at a fulcrum, the internal arm having a base area and a distal area;a first magnet fixed relative to the housing;a second magnet fixed to the distal area of the internal arm, wherein the first and second magnets are oriented to attract each other;wherein the actuating portion of the trigger is configured to engage the base area of the internal arm upon movement of the trigger, causing rotation of the internal arm about the fulcrum and separation of the second magnet from the first magnet;wherein a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area to the fulcrum is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum; anda magnetic field sensor positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance is less than 0.5.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a mechanical advantage defined by a ratio of the first distance to the second distance is between 0.15 and 0.3.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the internal arm further comprises a return tab configured to engage a surface of the actuating portion to rotate the internal arm back toward a rest position when the trigger moves forward.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the attraction between the first and second magnets assists the return tab in returning the internal arm toward the rest position.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:a trigger break adjustment mechanism configured to adjust an initial separation distance between the first and second magnets.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the trigger break adjustment mechanism comprises:a lever arm positioned to engage the distal area of the internal arm; andan adjustment member configured to reposition the lever arm to vary the initial separation distance.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensor comprises a Hall effect sensor.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a laser emitter operatively connected to the magnetic field sensor, wherein the laser emitter is activated when the magnetic field sensor detects the second magnet.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first and second magnets are positioned such that magnetic attraction forces between them increase nonlinearly as separation distance decreases.

11. A firearm training apparatus comprising:a housing;a trigger movably mounted to the housing, the trigger comprising an actuating portion;an internal arm movably mounted to the housing at a fulcrum, the internal arm having a base area and a distal area;a first magnet fixed relative to the housing;a second magnet fixed to the distal area of the internal arm, wherein the first and second magnets are oriented to attract each other;wherein the actuating portion of the trigger is configured to engage the base area of the internal arm upon movement of the trigger, causing rotation of the internal arm about the fulcrum and separation of the second magnet from the first magnet;wherein a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area to the fulcrum is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum;a magnetic field sensor positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet; anda first optical sensor positioned to detect initial movement of the trigger.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first optical sensor comprises a photo-interrupter.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the trigger further comprises a first extension configured to interrupt light within the first optical sensor upon initial movement of the trigger.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising:a control circuit in communication with the first optical sensor; anda first laser emitter operatively connected to the control circuit, wherein the control circuit activates the first laser emitter upon detection of initial trigger movement by the first optical sensor.

15. A firearm training apparatus comprising:a housing;a trigger movably mounted to the housing, the trigger comprising an actuating portion;an internal arm movably mounted to the housing at a fulcrum, the internal arm having a base area and a distal area;a first magnet fixed relative to the housing;a second magnet fixed to the distal area of the internal arm, wherein the first and second magnets are oriented to attract each other;wherein the actuating portion of the trigger is configured to engage the base area of the internal arm upon movement of the trigger, causing rotation of the internal arm about the fulcrum and separation of the second magnet from the first magnet;wherein a first distance from a location where the actuating portion engages the base area to the fulcrum is less than a second distance from the second magnet to the fulcrum;a magnetic field sensor positioned to detect proximity of the second magnet;a first optical sensor positioned to detect initial movement of the trigger; anda second optical sensor positioned to detect the trigger reaching a predetermined position prior to separation of the first and second magnets.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the second optical sensor comprises a photo-interrupter.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:a control circuit in communication with the first optical sensor, the second optical sensor, and the magnetic field sensor;a first laser emitter operatively connected to the control circuit; anda second laser emitter operatively connected to the control circuit.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the control circuit is configured to activate the first laser emitter upon detection by at least one of the first optical sensor and the second optical sensor.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the control circuit is configured to activate the second laser emitter upon detection by the magnetic field sensor.

20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the control circuit comprises a microprocessor.

21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first laser emitter emits visible light and the second laser emitter emits infrared light.

22. A method of simulating a firearm trigger break in a training device, the method comprising:providing a trigger mechanically coupled to an internal arm through a lever system having a mechanical advantage of less than one;biasing the internal arm with a magnetic attraction force between a first magnet and a second magnet, wherein the magnetic attraction force increases nonlinearly as distance between the first and second magnets decreases;receiving a rearward input force on the trigger from a user;transferring the input force through the lever system to overcome the magnetic attraction force;abruptly separating the first and second magnets when the transferred force exceeds the magnetic attraction force; anddetecting the magnet separation using a magnetic field sensor to indicate a trigger break event.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the mechanical advantage is between 0.15 and 0.3.

24. The method of claim 22, further comprising:activating a laser emitter upon detection of the trigger break event by the magnetic field sensor.

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