Bat with suspended inner structures

Abstract

A bat, such as a baseball bat or a softball bat, includes an outer elongated barrel having a tapered region and a cylindrical region extending from the tapered region. An inner tube is disposed within the outer barrel such that a gap is provided between a distal end of the inner tube and an end cap. The inner tube is retained within the cylindrical region by at least one suspension member. At least one barrel insert is positioned annularly around the inner tube that affects transverse movement of the inner tube upon force being imposed in the cylindrical region. The barrel insert may include a first annular barrel insert positioned around a central region of the inner tube, and second and third annular barrel inserts positioned on opposing sides of the first barrel insert. The barrel inserts can be part of an assembly, which may further include an outer tube.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 750,083 filed Jan. 27, 2025, entitled “BAT WITH SUSPENDED INNER STRUCTURES,” where the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of sporting equipment and, more particularly, to bats used in sports such as baseball and softball having internal structures designed to enhance performance and player experience.BACKGROUND

[0003] Bats used in sports such as baseball and softball have evolved over time to improve performance and player experience. Traditional bats typically consist of a single solid or hollow structure, which can limit their ability to absorb and transfer energy during impact with a ball. As players seek enhanced performance and improved feel, various configurations have been explored to optimize a bat's response upon contact. These efforts have led to the development of multi-component bats. However, challenges remain in creating bats that offer a desirable combination of power, control, and comfort for players across different skill levels and playing styles.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0004] The brief summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description, and is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0005] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a bat is provided. The bat includes an outer elongated barrel, the outer elongated barrel having a tapered region and a cylindrical region extending from the tapered region. A single inner tube is disposed within the outer barrel structure, the inner tube being retained within the cylindrical region by at least one suspension member. At least one barrel insert is positioned annularly around the inner tube that affects transverse movement of the inner tube upon a force being imposed in the cylindrical region of the bat.

[0006] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the bat may include one or more of the following features. A gap may be provided between a distal end of the inner tube and an end cap of the bat. The at least one suspension member may be a first suspension member and a second suspension member, where a first inner gap is provided between the at least one barrel insert and the first suspension member, and a second inner gap is provided between the at least one barrel insert and the second suspension member.

[0007] The at least one barrel insert may comprise a first annular barrel insert positioned around a central region of the inner tube, and a second annular barrel insert and a third annular barrel insert positioned on opposing sides of the first barrel insert around the inner tube. The first annular barrel insert may have a larger outer diameter than an outer diameter of at least one of the second annular barrel insert and the third annular barrel insert.

[0008] The first annular barrel insert may have a larger width than a width of at least one of the second annular barrel insert and the third annular barrel insert. The at least one barrel insert may have an I-shaped cross-section, L-shaped cross-section, or a T-shaped cross-section along an axial cross-section plane. The at least one suspension member may be formed of a material less deformable than a material of the single inner tube. The single inner tube may be formed of a material less deformable than a material of the at least one suspension member. The at least one suspension member may comprise a first suspension member positioned in a proximal portion of the cylindrical region, and a second suspension member positioned in a distal portion of the cylindrical region. The at least one barrel insert may comprise one, two, three, or four barrel inserts.

[0009] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a bat is provided. The bat includes an outer elongated barrel, the outer elongated barrel having a tapered region and a cylindrical region extending from the tapered region. An inner tube is disposed within the outer barrel structure, the inner tube being retained within the cylindrical region by a first suspension member and a second suspension member. At least one performance control assembly comprises an outer tube and at least one barrel insert positioned between the inner tube and the outer tube, the at least one performance control assembly affecting transverse movement of the inner tube upon a force being imposed in the cylindrical region of the bat. A substantial proximal inner gap is provided between the at least one performance control assembly and the first suspension member, and a substantial distal inner gap is positioned between the at least one performance control assembly and the second suspension member.

[0010] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the bat may include one or more of the following features. A gap may be provided between a distal end of the inner tube and an end cap of the bat. The at least one performance control assembly may comprise a first performance control assembly positioned around a central region of the inner tube, and a second performance control assembly positioned on a side of the first performance control assembly, where the first and the second performance control assemblies are configured to operate independently of one another.

[0011] The at least one performance control assembly may comprise a first performance control assembly positioned around a central region of the inner tube, a second performance control assembly, and a third performance control assembly positioned on opposing sides of the first performance control assembly, where the first, second, and third performance control assemblies are configured to operate independently of one another. An outer diameter of the outer tube of the first performance control assembly may be greater than an outer diameter of the outer tube of each of the second and third performance control assemblies. The first performance control assembly may be positioned adjacent the second performance control assembly, and the third performance control assembly may be positioned adjacent the first performance control assembly. The first performance control assembly may be attached to the second performance control assembly, and the third performance control assembly may be attached to the first performance control assembly. The first performance control assembly may be spaced apart from or not attached to the second performance control assembly, and the third performance control assembly may be spaced apart from or not attached to the first performance control assembly.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a bat is provided. The bat includes an outer barrel structure having a tapered region and a cylindrical region extending from the tapered region. An inner tube is disposed within the outer barrel structure and retained by a first suspension member and a second suspension member positioned at spaced apart locations along the inner tube, where the first suspension member and the second suspension member are formed of a deformable material and the inner tube is formed of a structurally stiff material. At least two performance control assemblies are configured to operate independent of one another, each of the performance control assemblies comprising at least one barrel insert suspended over the inner tube between the first suspension member and the second suspension member.

[0013] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the bat may include one or more of the following features. A gap may be provided between a distal end of the inner tube and an end cap of the bat. The at least one barrel insert may comprise a plurality of barrel inserts arranged at spaced intervals along a length of the inner tube. A first performance control assembly of the at least two performance control assemblies may have at least one of a different geometry or a different material composition than a second performance control assembly of the at least two performance control assemblies.

[0014] Each of the at least two performance control assemblies may further comprise an outer tube positioned around the at least one barrel insert, the outer tube being configured to contact an inner surface of the outer barrel structure upon transverse movement of the inner tube. At least one of the inner tube and the outer tube may comprise a plurality of perforations extending through a respective tube wall, the perforations being arranged along a length of the respective tube wall to vary elastic deformability characteristics of a respective tube at different locations.

[0015] The foregoing general description of the illustrative embodiments and the following detailed description thereof are merely exemplary aspects of the teachings of this disclosure and are not restrictive.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Many aspects of the present disclosure can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, with emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the disclosure. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

[0017] FIGS. 1-3 are axial cross-sections of an embodiment of a bat according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 4 is an axial cross-section of an embodiment of a bat according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 5 is an axial cross-section of an embodiment of a bat according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 6 is an axial cross-section of an embodiment of a bat according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 7 is an axial cross-section of an embodiment of a bat according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 8 is an axial cross-section of an embodiment of a bat according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 9 is an axial cross-section of an embodiment of a bat according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIGS. 10-12 are axial cross-sections of an embodiment of a bat according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 13 is an axial cross-section of an embodiment of a bat according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an inner tube for use in a bat according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present disclosure relates to bats, such as baseball and softball bats, having suspended inner structures for optimizing contact areas. Bats, including baseball and softball bats, often have a region commonly referred to as a “soft spot” or a “sweet spot,” which represents an ideal hitting location on the barrel. The soft spot can correspond to an area where the bat exhibits optimal performance characteristics when striking a ball. In some cases, the soft spot may be associated with a center-of-percussion (COP) of the bat, where impact forces are transferred most efficiently.

[0028] When a ball contacts the bat at or near the soft spot, players may experience reduced vibration, improved energy transfer to the ball, and optimal feel during the swing. The location and size of the soft spot can vary depending on factors such as the bat's construction, materials, weight distribution, and internal structures. It can be desirable to increase or widen the sweet spot, while flattening a performance curve. However, in most non-linear bats, an inner barrel portion of a bat is either attached to a proximal end or a distal end of the bat which restricts or limits the inner barrel portion from freely moving in a transverse direction inside of a main outer barrel structure. Accordingly, various suspended inner structure assemblies for a bat or like device are described herein that may enhance the performance of the bat (e.g., the performance of the sweet spot of the bat), expanding the effective hitting area or improving the bat's response when contact occurs at or near this location.

[0029] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a bat is disclosed having a suspended internal structure assembly that includes a decoupled inner barrel assembly suspended over an inner tube by one or more suspension members within an outer barrel. This configuration permits greater transverse movement than bats of the related art and provides progressive displacement in response to impact force, thereby delivering a softer impact sensation and improved feel for the player.

[0030] Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of a portion of a bat 100 according to various embodiments. Generally, the bat 100 includes an outer barrel structure 103. The outer barrel structure 103 is an outer elongated barrel that may include a tapered region 106 and a cylindrical region 109, among other potential regions. The tapered region 106 tapers into or otherwise couples to the cylindrical region 109. Further, the outer barrel structure 103 may include an end cap 110 positioned at a distal end of the bat 100. The outer barrel structure 103 can thus form the exterior of the bat 100 and can be made from various materials such as aluminum, composite materials, metal alloys, and so on. The outer barrel structure 103 may include an outer diameter suitable for specific sport and league regulations, and can provide overall structural integrity to the bat 100 while also contributing to its performance characteristics, as will be described.

[0031] The bat 100 may further include an inner tubular structure or inner tubular member, referred to herein as an inner tube 112. The inner tube 112 may provide structural support and act as a mounting point for other components for affecting bat performance. In some embodiments, the inner tube 112 is a single inner tube 112, meaning there are not any additional inner tubes 112.

[0032] The inner tube 112 may be adapted to deform upon impacts with the bat 100, where the deformation and movement of the inner tube 112 is selectively configured to tailor a response of the bat 100. To this end, in some embodiments, the inner tube 112 can include a structurally stiff rod having a circular cross-section, an ovular cross-section, a polygonal cross-section, or another suitable shape configured to provide structural support within the bat 100. The inner tube 112 may be formed from various materials including, but not limited to, metals, alloys, composite materials, polymers, or combinations thereof, depending on desired performance characteristics.

[0033] In alternative embodiments, the inner tube 112 may be hollow, also having a circular cross-section, an ovular cross-section, a polygonal cross-section, or another suitable shape. A hollow configuration of the inner tube 112 can reduce the overall weight of the bat 100 while still providing adequate transverse movement, as will be described. In some implementations, the wall thickness of a hollow inner tube 112 can be varied along its length to adjust stiffness characteristics at different locations.

[0034] The inner tube 112 may have a uniform cross-section along its entire length, while in other embodiments, the cross-section may vary, such as tapering from a larger diameter at one end to a smaller diameter at the opposite end. The selection of the cross-sectional shape and whether the inner tube 112 is solid or hollow can influence the weight distribution, balance point, and overall feel of the bat 100 during use.

[0035] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 collectively, when a ball impacts the bat 100 at or near the sweet spot, or in another area along the cylindrical region 109, the inner tube 112 may translate or move in a transverse direction relative to the outer barrel structure 103. As shown in the particular views of FIGS. 1 and 2, this transverse movement can occur along a transverse axis atransverse, such as in an up and down direction. The degree of transverse displacement of the inner tube 112 may vary depending on the location and magnitude of the impact force and the structural arrangement of the inner tube 112 and associated components, as will be described.

[0036] In some embodiments, impacts occurring closer to the sweet spot may produce different transverse movement characteristics compared to impacts occurring at other locations along the cylindrical region 109. The transverse movement of the inner tube 112 within the outer barrel structure 103 can contribute to energy absorption and transfer during ball contact, which may influence the overall feel and performance experienced by the player.

[0037] The inner tube 112 can be retained within the bat 100 by one or more suspension members 115a, 115b (collectively “suspension members 115”). In some embodiments, the bat 100 may include a first suspension member 115a retaining a proximal end of the inner tube 112, and a second suspension member 115b positioned at spaced apart locations along the inner tube 112, retaining a distal end of the inner tube 112. The suspension members 115 can be identical or different from one another, and the suspension members 115 can be formed of an elastomeric or elastically deformable material, which may permit the inner tube 112 to absorb impact forces and move in a transverse direction relative to the outer barrel structure 103. In alternative embodiments, the suspension members 115 may be formed of a structurally stiff material.

[0038] The suspension members 115 can suspend the inner tube 112 such that there is a space between an outer diameter of the inner tube 112 and the inner diameter of the outer barrel structure 103. In some aspects, the suspension members 115 can include donut-shaped rings or other ring-shaped devices having an aperture, where the inner tube 112 is positioned within the aperture. This configuration may allow the suspension members 115 to support the inner tube 112 while still permitting movement in response to ball contact. In some embodiments, the suspension members 115 are formed of a foam or like elastomeric material, which can provide cushioning and energy absorption characteristics. The material properties of the suspension members 115, such as durometer or density, can be selected to achieve desired performance characteristics including the degree of transverse movement permitted and the rate at which the inner tube 112 returns to a neutral position following impact.

[0039] Moreover, the bat 100 can include one or more inner barrel insert structures, referred to herein as one or more barrel inserts 118. The barrel inserts 118 can be sized and positioned to control the transverse movement of the inner tube 112 and / or a deflection of the outer barrel structure 103 upon impact which, in turn, adjusts the performance characteristics of the bat 100. In some scenarios, the barrel inserts 118 can be suspended over the inner tube 112 within the outer barrel structure 103. The barrel inserts 118 can take various forms, such as a continuous cylinder or multiple segmented pieces. An axial inner gap (e.g., a proximal axial inner gap) may be provided between the barrel insert 118 and the first suspension member 115a, and an axial inner gap (e.g., a distal axial inner gap) may be provided between the barrel insert 118 and the second suspension member 115b.

[0040] In some embodiments, the barrel inserts 118 can be positioned annularly around the inner tube 112 such that the barrel insert 118 affects transverse movement of the inner tube upon a force being imposed in the cylindrical region 109 of the bat 100. The barrel inserts 118 can serve to modify the response characteristics of the inner tube 112 during ball contact, influencing how the inner tube displaces in the transverse direction relative to the outer barrel structure 103.

[0041] The barrel inserts 118 can be formed of an elastically deformable material in some implementations. In some implementations, the barrel inserts 118 can be formed of various materials including elastomeric materials, foams, composite materials, or structurally stiff materials, depending on the desired performance characteristics. The positioning, size, shape, and material properties of the barrel inserts can be selected to achieve specific transverse movement behavior, which may affect the overall feel and performance experienced by the player during use of the bat 100. In some embodiments, the barrel inserts 118 can be configured to provide progressive resistance to transverse movement, such that lighter impacts result in less displacement while stronger impacts produce greater displacement of the inner tube 112 within the outer barrel structure 103.

[0042] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, the bat 100 includes a single barrel insert 118 positioned in a central region or midpoint of the inner tube 112. The single barrel insert 118 can be located between the suspension members 115, such as between the first suspension member 115a and the second suspension member 115b. This central positioning of the barrel insert 118 may allow for balanced transverse movement characteristics along the length of the inner tube 112. In some aspects, placing the barrel insert 118 at or near the midpoint of the inner tube 112 can influence how the inner tube 112 responds to impacts occurring at various locations along the cylindrical region 109, providing a more uniform feel across the hitting surface of the bat 100.

[0043] In some embodiments, the barrel insert 118 can include an aperture through which the inner tube 112 is positioned. The aperture may be sized to accommodate the inner tube 112 while allowing the barrel insert 118 to influence the transverse movement characteristics of the inner tube 112 during ball contact. As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the barrel insert 118 may have an I-shaped cross-section, which can provide structural support while permitting controlled movement of the inner tube 112. In other embodiments, the barrel insert 118 may have a T-shaped cross-section, L-shaped cross-section, a square cross-section, a rectangular cross-section, or another suitable shape depending on the desired performance characteristics. The selection of the cross-sectional shape of the barrel insert 118 can influence how forces are distributed during impact and may affect the degree of transverse movement permitted for the inner tube 112 within the outer barrel structure 103.

[0044] With reference to FIG. 2, the inner tube 112 is shown in a transversely moved position relative to FIG. 1, where a curvature is imposed in the inner tube 112. To this end, when a ball contacts the bat 100, the impact force may cause the inner tube 112 to deflect or bend, resulting in a curved configuration along at least a portion of its length. The inner tube 112 may translate in the transverse direction until an outer surface of the barrel insert 118 contacts an inner surface 121 of the barrel of the bat 100. This contact between the barrel insert 118 and the inner surface 121 may limit further transverse displacement of the inner tube 112 in that direction. Moreover, the outer barrel structure 103 of the bat 100 may deflect or deform until contacting an opposing side of the barrel insert 118. Thus, the barrel insert 118 can serve as a stop or limiting member that controls the maximum transverse movement of the inner tube 112 within the outer barrel structure 103, as well as deflection of the outer barrel structure 103. The curvature imposed in the inner tube 112 during transverse movement may contribute to energy absorption during ball contact, and the degree of curvature may vary depending on the elastic deformability of the inner tube 112 and the magnitude of the impact force.

[0045] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the inner tube 112 can be positioned at a midpoint between lateral bat sides 124a, 124b (collectively “lateral bat sides 124”) or inner bat surfaces thereof. In these embodiments, the suspension members 115 may retain the inner tube 112 in a substantially centered location within the outer barrel structure 103, providing approximately equal spacing between the inner tube 112 and each of the opposing inner surfaces. This centered configuration may allow for more symmetric transverse movement characteristics in response to impact forces.

[0046] While shown as being positioned centrally in the bat 100, in some embodiments, the suspension members 115 may suspend the inner tube 112 in an off-center position (not shown) within the outer barrel structure 103. In this configuration, the inner tube 112 can be positioned closer to a first lateral bat side 124a than to a second lateral bat side 124b. For example, the suspension members 115 may retain the inner tube 112 such that it is located nearer to a first inner surface 121 of the outer barrel structure 103 than to a second opposite inner surface 121. This asymmetric positioning of the inner tube 112 may provide different transverse movement characteristics compared to a centrally positioned inner tube 112, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0047] In some aspects, when the inner tube 112 is suspended closer to the first lateral bat side, the at least one barrel insert 118 can be positioned to contact the inner surface 121 of the first lateral bat side more quickly upon transverse movement of the inner tube 112, as compared to the centrally positioned inner tube 112 of FIGS. 1 and 2. This arrangement may allow the barrel insert 118 to engage with the inner surface 121 of the outer barrel structure 103 more readily in one direction, which can influence the feel and response of the bat 100 during ball contact. The off-center positioning may result in different displacement behavior depending on the direction of the impact force relative to the inner tube 112.

[0048] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the suspension members 115 may be formed of a relatively structurally stiff material while the inner tube 112 is formed of an elastically deformable material. In other words, the inner tube 112 is formed of a material more deformable (and with less structural stiffness) than that of the suspension members 115. In this configuration, when a ball impacts the bat 100, the suspension members 115 that are structurally stiff may resist displacement at their respective locations along the inner tube 112, causing the inner tube 112 to bend or deflect transversely along its length between the suspension members 115. The elastically deformable nature of the inner tube 112 permits this bending behavior, resulting in the curved configuration shown in FIG. 2 where the inner tube 112 elastically deforms in response to the impact force.

[0049] In contrast, in an alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the suspension members 115 may be formed of an elastically deformable material while the inner tube 112 is formed of a more structurally stiff material. In this configuration, when a ball impacts the bat 100, the inner tube 112 may displace within the elastically deformable suspension members 115 rather than bending along its length. The elastically deformable suspension members 115 may elastically deform or compress to accommodate the transverse movement of the structurally stiff inner tube 112, causing the inner tube 112 to move transversely as a substantially straight member with little or no bend until the barrel insert 118 contacts the inner surface 121 on a lateral bat side 124 opposing the region of impact. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may provide different feel and response characteristics compared to the embodiment of FIG. 2, as the structurally stiff inner tube 112 translates within the outer barrel structure 103 rather than deforming elastically along its length.

[0050] As shown in FIGS. 1-3, a gap 127 can be provided between a distal end of the inner tube 112 and the end cap 110 or other distal point on the outer barrel structure 103. The gap 127 may allow the inner tube 112 to move freely within the outer barrel structure 103 without contacting the distal end, which can influence the transverse movement characteristics and overall response of the bat 100 during ball contact. Moreover, the gap 127 also provides spacing between a distal-most one of the suspension members 115b and the end cap 110.

[0051] Moving along, with reference to FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the bat 100 can include a plurality of barrel inserts 118 positioned along the inner tube 112. As shown in FIG. 4, the bat 100 includes three barrel inserts 118 arranged at spaced intervals along the length of the inner tube 112 within the cylindrical region 109. In other embodiments, however, the bat 100 may include one, two, four, or more barrel inserts 118 depending on the desired performance characteristics and transverse movement behavior.

[0052] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the barrel inserts 118 include a first annular barrel insert 118a positioned around a central region of the inner tube 112, and a second annular barrel insert 118b and a third annular barrel insert 118c positioned on opposing sides of the first barrel insert 118a around the inner tube 112. This arrangement provides distributed control over the transverse movement of the inner tube 112 along its length, and may affect the curvature profile of the inner tube 112 during deflection. The first annular barrel insert 118a can be located at or near a midpoint of the inner tube 112, while the second and third annular barrel inserts 118b, 118c can be positioned toward the proximal and distal ends of the inner tube 112, respectively.

[0053] The spacing between the barrel inserts 118 can be selected to achieve desired performance characteristics or deformation of the inner tube 112. In some embodiments, the barrel inserts 118 may be positioned at equal intervals along the inner tube 112, while in other embodiments, the spacing may be varied to influence how the inner tube 112 responds to impacts at different locations along the cylindrical region 109.

[0054] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the barrel inserts 118 have identical and uniformly sized cross-sections. For instance, each of the first annular barrel insert 118a, the second annular barrel insert 118b, and the third annular barrel insert 118c may share the same cross-sectional dimensions and shape. The uniform sizing of the barrel inserts 118 may provide consistent resistance to transverse movement at each location along the inner tube 112. In some aspects, using identically sized barrel inserts 118 can simplify manufacturing while still providing distributed control over the transverse movement characteristics of the inner tube 112 within the outer barrel structure 103.

[0055] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5, the first annular barrel insert 118a positioned in the central region may have a larger cross-section, outer diameter, and / or width than that of the second annular barrel insert 118b and / or the third annular barrel insert 118c. This variation in size may allow for different transverse movement characteristics at different locations along the inner tube 112. The larger central barrel insert 118a may provide greater resistance to transverse movement in the central region of the inner tube 112, whereas the smaller barrel inserts 118b, 118c positioned on opposing sides of the first barrel insert 118a may permit more movement at the ends of the inner tube 112.

[0056] In some implementations, each of the barrel inserts 118 may be formed of the same material, while in other implementations, different barrel inserts 118 may be formed of different materials to provide varying stiffness or resistance characteristics along the length of the inner tube 112. The use of multiple barrel inserts 118 may allow for more nuanced control over the transverse movement behavior of the inner tube 112, as can be appreciated.

[0057] Thus, in some embodiments, a length of the inner tube 112 can vary from approximately two inches to approximately fourteen inches including, but not limited to, approximately eight inches. In some embodiments, a diameter of the inner tube 112 can range from approximately 0.25 inches to approximately 1.5 inches with some embodiments in a range of approximately 0.25 inches and approximately 0.75 inches. In some embodiments, the inner tube 112 may be made of a material with a lower modulus of elasticity or a lower bending stiffness to allow for more deflection along the transverse axis atransverse. In some embodiments, a larger diameter inner tube 112 may provide different stiffness and deflection behavior compared to smaller diameter configurations.

[0058] With reference to FIG. 6, in some embodiments, a length of the inner tube 112 in the axial cross-section is 25% or less of the length of the cylindrical region 109, whereas in the embodiments of FIGS. 1-5, the length of the inner tube 112 may be 80% or less of the length of the cylindrical region 109. The reduced length of the inner tube 112 of FIG. 6 relative to the cylindrical region 109 may provide different transverse movement and deflection characteristics compared to embodiments where the inner tube 112 extends across a greater portion of the cylindrical region 109. For instance, a shorter inner tube 112 may exhibit increased rigidity and structural stiffness, or permit less displacement within the outer barrel structure 103 during ball contact. The positioning of the inner tube 112 within the cylindrical region 109 can be selected to align with a desired contact area, such as at or near the sweet spot of the bat 100. As such, as shown in FIG. 6, the gap 127 between the inner tube 112 and the inner surface 121 of the outer barrel structure 103 is larger than the gaps 127 shown in FIGS. 1-5.

[0059] Moving along, FIG. 7 shows another axial cross-section of the bat 100 according to various embodiments. In some embodiments, the bat 100 can include one or more performance control assemblies 133a . . . 133c (collectively “performance control assemblies 133”) positioned along the inner tube 112 within the cylindrical region 109 that can function independently of one another to tailor the response of the bat 100 based on where a ball hits along the outer barrel structure 103.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 7, the bat 100 includes a first performance control assembly 133a, a second performance control assembly 133b, and a third performance control assembly 133c arranged at spaced intervals along the length of the inner tube 112, although the bat 100 may include one, two, four, five, and so on performance control assemblies 133. Each of the assemblies 133 can control the performance profile upon impact in one of a multitude of contact areas (e.g., upon contact with a ball in the contact areas). For instance, the first performance control assembly 133a can control performance upon contact of a ball in a first contact area 140a, the second performance control assembly 133b can control performance upon contact of a ball in a second contact area 140b, the third performance control assembly 133c can control performance upon contact of a ball in a third contact area 140c, and so on. Thus, the first, second, and third performance control assemblies 133 are configured to operate independently of one another, and may correspond to a particular contact area 140 along a length of the outer barrel structure 103.

[0061] In some aspects, the assemblies 133, and / or the outer tube 136 thereof, may be configured to move independently from each other, as well as independently of both the outer barrel structure 103 and / or the inner tube 112, allowing for enhanced energy transfer upon impact with a ball. The suspension members 115 may assist in coupling the barrel inserts 118 to the inner tube 112, the outer barrel structure 103, or both.

[0062] Each performance control assembly 133 can include an outer tube 136 and one or more barrel inserts 118 (e.g., two barrel inserts 118) positioned between the inner tube 112 and the outer tube 136. The outer tube 136 may be configured as a cylindrical member that surrounds the barrel insert 118 and the inner tube 112 at the location of the respective performance control assembly 133. In some aspects, the outer tube 136 can provide an additional structural layer that interacts with the barrel insert 118 during transverse movement of the inner tube 112. In this context, instead of the barrel insert 118 limiting travel or transverse movement of the inner tube 112, the outer tube 136 will limit travel, for instance, by contacting the inner surface 121 of the bat 100 during impact.

[0063] As such, the performance control assemblies 133 can affect transverse movement of the inner tube 112 upon a force being imposed in the cylindrical region 109 of the bat 100. When a ball contacts the bat 100, the impact force may cause the inner tube 112 to deflect or move transversely with respect to the outer barrel structure 103, and the barrel inserts 118 within each performance control assembly 133 may engage with the corresponding outer tubes 136 to influence the displacement behavior. The outer tubes 136 may, in turn, interact with the inner surface 121 of the outer barrel structure 103, providing an additional mechanism for controlling transverse movement and energy transfer during ball contact.

[0064] In some embodiments, the first performance control assembly 133a can be positioned around a central region of the inner tube 112, while the second performance control assembly 133b and the third performance control assembly 133c can be positioned on opposing sides of the first performance control assembly 133a (e.g., on proximal and distal ends, respectively). This arrangement may provide distributed control over the transverse movement characteristics along the length of the inner tube 112.

[0065] The outer tubes 136 of the performance control assemblies 133 may have varying outer diameters, shapes, material formations, and / or other characteristics in some embodiments. For instance, an outer diameter of the outer tube 136 of the first performance control assembly 133a may be greater than an outer diameter of the outer tube 136 of either one or each of the second and third performance control assemblies 133b, 133c, as shown in FIG. 7. The variation in outer tube diameter may allow for different transverse movement characteristics at different locations along the inner tube 112, with the larger central outer tube 136 engaging with the inner surface 121 of the outer barrel structure 103 more readily than the smaller outer tubes 136 positioned toward the ends of the inner tube 112.

[0066] In some aspects, the first performance control assembly 133a may be positioned adjacent to the second performance control assembly 133b, and the third performance control assembly 133c may be positioned adjacent the first performance control assembly 133a. In this embodiment, the performance control assemblies 133 are in direct contact with one another. The adjacent positioning may allow the performance control assemblies 133 to work in concert during transverse movement of the inner tube 112, providing a coordinated response to impact forces along the cylindrical region 109.

[0067] In some embodiments, the wall thickness of the outer tube 136 of one performance control assembly 133 may differ from the wall thickness of the outer tube 136 of another performance control assembly 133. For instance, the outer tube 136 of the first performance control assembly 133a may have a first wall thickness, while the outer tube 136 of the second performance control assembly 133b may have a second wall thickness that is greater than or less than the first wall thickness. Similarly, the outer tube 136 of the third performance control assembly 133c may have a third wall thickness that differs from the first and second wall thicknesses. The variation in wall thickness among the outer tubes 136 may influence the structural stiffness, deformation behavior, and energy absorption characteristics of each respective performance control assembly 133 during ball contact. For instance, an outer tube 136 having a thicker wall may exhibit greater resistance to compression or deformation when contacted by the outer barrel structure 103, while an outer tube 136 having a thinner wall may permit more deformation at that location. The selection of wall thickness for each outer tube 136 can be used to tailor the response of the bat 100 at different contact areas along the cylindrical region 109.

[0068] In embodiments in which the barrel inserts 118 within each performance control assembly 133 are flexible or elastically deformable, the barrel inserts 118 may be formed of elastomeric materials, foams, or other suitable materials that provide cushioning and energy absorption characteristics. Alternatively, the barrel inserts 118 can also be formed of a structurally stiff material to provide a stiff behavior including, but not limited to, a stiff polymer, metal, alloy, a composite material, etc. The material properties of the barrel inserts 118, along with the dimensions and positioning of the outer tubes 136, can be selected to achieve desired performance characteristics including the degree of transverse movement permitted and the feel experienced by the player during ball contact.

[0069] In some embodiments, as noted above, the inner tube 112 may be formed of a structurally stiff material while the suspension members 115 are formed of a more deformable or less structurally stiff material. In this configuration, when a ball impacts the bat 100, the structurally stiff inner tube 112 may translate within the deformable suspension members 115 rather than bending along its length. The deformable suspension members 115 may compress or deform to accommodate the transverse movement of the structurally stiff inner tube 112, allowing the performance control assemblies 133 to engage with the inner surface 121 of the outer barrel structure 103 while the inner tube 112 remains substantially straight.

[0070] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the suspension members 115 may be formed of a structurally stiff material while the inner tube 112 is formed of a softer or more elastically deformable material. In this configuration, when a ball impacts the bat 100, the structurally stiff suspension members 115 may resist displacement at their respective locations along the inner tube 112, causing the softer inner tube 112 to bend or deflect transversely along its length between the suspension members 115. The deformable nature of the inner tube 112 permits this bending behavior, resulting in a curved configuration where the inner tube 112 elastically deforms in response to the impact force while the suspension members 115 maintain their positions.

[0071] To this end, the components of the bat 100 may have varying degrees of stiffness or elastic deformability depending on the desired performance characteristics. For instance, the inner tube 112, the suspension members 115, the barrel inserts 118, and the outer tubes 136 may each be formed of materials having different stiffness properties. The selection of material stiffness for each component can influence how forces are distributed during impact, the degree of transverse movement permitted, and the overall feel experienced by the player. In some cases, a combination of structurally stiff and elastically deformable components may provide a balance between structural support and energy absorption during ball contact.

[0072] In some embodiments, the outer tubes 136 of the performance control assemblies 133 may have a uniform or same outer diameter across each of the assemblies 133. In this configuration, the outer tubes 136 may share identical dimensional characteristics while still providing different response behaviors based on other factors. For instance, the outer tubes 136 may be formed of varying materials, which can cause each performance control assembly 133 to have a different response upon impact. As an example, the outer tube 136 of the first performance control assembly 133a may be formed of a first material having a first stiffness, while the outer tube 136 of the second performance control assembly 133b may be formed of a second material having a second stiffness different from the first stiffness. Similarly, the outer tube 136 of the third performance control assembly 133c may be formed of a third material having a third stiffness that differs from the first and second stiffnesses. The variation in material properties among the outer tubes 136 may allow each performance control assembly 133 to exhibit distinct displacement, compression, or energy absorption characteristics during ball contact.

[0073] Contact with a ball can occur at different locations along the cylindrical region 109 of the bat 100, and each performance control assembly 133 can be tailored to respond to an impact in that corresponding location. For instance, the first performance control assembly 133a positioned in a central region may be configured with material properties suited for impacts occurring at or near the sweet spot of the bat 100, while the second and third performance control assemblies 133b, 133c positioned toward the proximal and distal ends may be configured with different material properties suited for impacts occurring in those respective regions. This arrangement may allow the bat 100 to provide a customized feel and response depending on where the ball contacts the outer barrel structure 103 along its length.

[0074] With reference to FIG. 8, in some embodiments, the bat 100 can include a single performance control assembly 133 positioned along the inner tube 112 within the cylindrical region 109. The single performance control assembly 133 can include an outer tube 136 and at least one barrel insert 118 positioned between the inner tube 112 and the outer tube 136. In this arrangement, the single performance control assembly 133 may be positioned at or near a central region of the inner tube 112, such as at or near the sweet spot of the bat 100. The single performance control assembly 133 can affect transverse movement of the inner tube 112 upon a force being imposed in the cylindrical region 109, with the outer tube 136 contacting the inner surface 121 of the outer barrel structure 103 to limit further transverse displacement during ball contact.

[0075] In some embodiments, a substantial proximal inner gap 148 (e.g., at least about 0.4 inch) is provided between the performance control assembly 133 and the first suspension member 115a, and a substantial distal inner gap 152 (e.g., at least about 0.4 inch) is positioned between the performance control assembly 133 and the second suspension member 115b. Thus, the performance control assembly 133 is not positioned adjacent to or contacting either of the suspension members 115a, 115b.

[0076] As shown in FIG. 8, the bat 100 may include an area 140 that corresponds to a region along the cylindrical region 109 where the performance control assembly 133 is positioned. The area 140 may provide a wider perceived performance on the barrel, resulting in a flatter performance curve across the hitting surface. In some aspects, the configuration of the performance control assembly 133 within the zone 140 can expand the effective hitting area of the bat 100, allowing players to experience more consistent performance characteristics when contact occurs at various locations within the area 140.

[0077] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 9, in an axial cross-section, the inner tube 112 having the performance control assembly 133 may have a length Lassembly that extends across no more than 33% (e.g., 33% or less) of a length Lcylindrical of the cylindrical region 109. In some aspects, the inner tube 112 with a reduced length may exhibit different elastic deformability and curvature characteristics compared to larger lengths, which can influence the overall feel and response of the bat 100 during use.

[0078] In some embodiments, the suspension members 115 allow for transverse movement of the inner tube 112 and associated barrel inserts 118 or performance control assemblies 133 relative to the outer barrel structure 103, which may provide a progressive displacement depending on the force of impact, enhancing both power and control for the player. The inner tube 112 as suspended within the outer barrel structure 103 can offer elastic deformability in how the bat 100 responds to ball contact. Each of the assemblies 133 can act independently relative to one another depending on, for instance, the material and geometry of the suspension members 115, barrel inserts 118, and / or outer tube 136. The inner tube 112 and the suspension members 115 and, more specifically, the material and geometry thereof, may affect independent behavior and movement of the assemblies 133. As an example, if a stiffer suspension member 115 were used, the inner tube 112 and associated assemblies 133 may move in a transverse direction at a similar rate. However, if the suspension members 115 are made of a softer material, the assemblies 133 can move at different rates depending on the force applied during impact.

[0079] The spacing between the structural elements of the bat 100, including the outer barrel structure 103, the inner tube 112, the barrel inserts 118, the performance control assemblies 133, the suspension members 115, or any combination thereof, can be selected to adjust performance or feel of the bat 100. Similarly, the stiffness or elastic deformability of each structural element can be selected to adjust the performance and feel of the bat 100. Materials of each of the structural elements can be selected to achieve desired results including, but not limited to, one or more composite materials, metals, alloys, plastics, foams, composites, or other suitable materials, as well as any combination thereof. The dimensions of each structural element can also be selected to adjust performance and feel of the bat 100. Additionally, the number of inner tubes 112, barrel inserts 118, performance control assemblies 133, and suspension members 115 used in the bat 100 can be selected to adjust performance and feel. The shapes of these components can likewise be selected to adjust performance and feel of the bat 100.

[0080] In some embodiments, a space between the outer barrel structure 103 and the barrel insert 118 or outer tube 136 can vary from approximately 0.005 inches to approximately 0.25 inches, although other dimensions may be employed. In some embodiments, the space can vary from approximately 0.005 inches to approximately 0.625 inches, with some embodiments having a space of approximately 0.5 inches. In some embodiments, the barrel insert 118 or performance control assembly 133 positioned along the inner tube 112 can vary from approximately 0.25 inches long to approximately fourteen inches long depending on the barrel length of the outer barrel structure 103 and the desired characteristics of the bat 100.

[0081] In some embodiments, a single barrel insert 118 can be attached to the inner tube 112 and be positioned over the center-of-percussion or the peak performance region of the bat 100. In some embodiments, more than one barrel insert 118 or performance control assembly 133 can be coupled to the inner tube 112 and aligned to control the performance of more than one location along the cylindrical region 109. In some embodiments, the inner tube 112 and / or the barrel inserts 118 and / or outer tubes 136 may include multiple walls. In some embodiments, the multiple walls may have different thicknesses and / or be made of one material or one or more materials.

[0082] In some embodiments, the barrel insert 118 is tubular or ring-shaped. In alternative embodiments, the barrel insert 118 is non-tubular. For instance, in some embodiments, the cross-section of the barrel insert 118 is of I-shaped, L-shaped, T-shaped, or J-shaped. In some embodiments, the barrel insert 118 is a ring having a uniform cross-section. In some embodiments, at least one barrel insert 118 is of a shape that is different from others.

[0083] In some embodiments, the bat 100 may generate a sound upon ball contact. The sound characteristics can result from the interaction between multiple structural components within the bat 100 during impact. For instance, when a ball strikes the cylindrical region 109, the outer barrel structure 103, the barrel inserts 118 or outer tubes 136, and the inner tube 112 may contact the inner surface 121 and / or one another as the inner tube 112 moves in the transverse direction. The contact between these structures can produce audible feedback that may vary depending on the location and force of the impact. In some aspects, the sound generated by the bat 100 can provide the player with information regarding the quality of contact with the ball. The acoustic properties of the bat 100 may be influenced by the materials, dimensions, and spacing of the structural elements, as well as the degree of transverse movement permitted by the suspension members 115. In some cases, the sound produced when the barrel insert 118 or outer tube 136 contacts the inner surface 121 of the outer barrel structure 103 may differ from sounds produced during lighter impacts where such contact does not occur.

[0084] With reference to FIGS. 10-12, an embodiment of the bat 100 is shown in varying stages of deformation of the outer barrel structure 103, which can be caused due to impact with a ball or other sports object. In this embodiment, the bat 100 includes a single, elongated outer tube 136 extending along the longitudinal length of the inner tube 112. The outer tube 136 is spaced apart from the inner tube 112 via barrel inserts 118 positioned between the inner tube 112 and the outer tube 136, and a space is provided between the outer tube 136 and an inner surface of the outer barrel structure 103. As shown, the outer tube 136 has a length less than the length of the inner tube 112, but has a length identical to a space between the suspension members 115.

[0085] FIG. 10 shows the bat 100 at the beginning of impact, where the outer barrel structure 103 maintains its original shape, but a deformation occurs in an impact area. FIG. 11 illustrates the bat 100 in an intermediate stage of deformation, where the outer barrel structure 103 has begun to further progress inwardly in response to the impact force. The outer barrel structure 103 deforms upon impact until it contacts the outer tube 136. This contact between the outer barrel structure 103 and the outer tube 136 may limit further inward deformation at that location, depending on the material properties of the outer tube 136.

[0086] FIG. 12 depicts the bat 100 in a further stage of deformation. In some aspects, if the outer tube 136 is formed of a compressible material, the deformation of the outer barrel structure 103 may progress beyond initial contact with the outer tube 136. The deformation may continue until stopped by the barrel inserts 118 and / or displacement of the inner tube 112 in the transverse direction. In this manner, the outer tube 136, barrel inserts 118, and inner tube 112 can work together to control the deformation characteristics of the bat 100 during ball contact.

[0087] The arrangement of the outer tube 136 extending along the longitudinal length of the inner tube 112 may provide distributed support against deformation of the outer barrel structure 103 across a region of the cylindrical region 109. The barrel inserts 118 positioned between the inner tube 112 and the outer tube 136 can influence how forces are transferred between these components during impact. In some embodiments, the material properties and dimensions of the outer tube 136 can be selected to achieve desired deformation behavior and feel of the bat 100 during use.

[0088] With reference to FIG. 13, an embodiment of the bat 100 is shown that is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 7, but with a modified arrangement of the barrel inserts 118 within each of the performance control assemblies 133. In this embodiment, the bat 100 includes a first performance control assembly 133a, a second performance control assembly 133b, and a third performance control assembly 133c arranged at spaced intervals along the length of the inner tube 112 within the cylindrical region 109. Each of the performance control assemblies 133 includes an outer tube 136 positioned around the inner tube 112. However, instead of having a pair of barrel inserts 118 for each assembly 133, a single barrel insert 118 is provided in a middle portion of the outer tube 136 relative to the inner tube 112, for each of the assemblies 133. The single barrel insert 118 within each assembly 133 may be positioned at or near a central location along the length of the corresponding outer tube 136, providing support between the inner tube 112 and the outer tube 136 at that location.

[0089] This configuration may allow for different transverse movement characteristics compared to embodiments having multiple barrel inserts 118 within each assembly 133. With a single barrel insert 118 positioned in the middle of each outer tube 136, the ends of the outer tube 136 may have greater freedom of movement relative to the inner tube 112, which can influence how the assembly 133 responds to impact forces at various locations along the cylindrical region 109. The single barrel insert 118 can serve as a pivot point or fulcrum around which the outer tube 136 may tilt or rotate during transverse movement of the inner tube 112. In some aspects, this arrangement may provide a different feel or response compared to configurations where the barrel inserts 118 are positioned at multiple locations along the outer tube 136. The first, second, and third performance control assemblies 133 may continue to operate independently of one another, with each assembly 133 corresponding to a particular contact area along the length of the outer barrel structure 103.

[0090] With reference to FIG. 14, a perspective view of an embodiment of the inner tube 112 is shown according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the inner tube 112 has a generally planar cylindrical surface or wall 143 that extends along its longitudinal length. However, in some embodiments, the inner tube 112 includes a plurality of perforations 145, channels, or other surface indentations in the wall 143 that may affect the structural characteristics of the inner tube 112. The perforations 145 can be formed as openings extending through the wall of the inner tube 112, and may be arranged in various patterns along the length and circumference of the inner tube 112.

[0091] The perforations 145 may be provided to enhance the elasticity, deformability, or bending characteristics of the inner tube 112. By removing material from selected locations along the inner tube 112, the elastic deformability of the inner tube 112 in those regions may be increased, which can influence how the inner tube 112 deflects or curves during transverse movement in response to ball contact. The size, shape, and spacing of the perforations 145 can be varied to achieve desired elastic deformability characteristics.

[0092] In some embodiments, the perforations 145 may be selectively applied to control the deformability of certain regions of the inner tube 112, while maintaining structural stiffness in other regions of the inner tube 112. For instance, a central region of the inner tube 112 may include a higher density of perforations 145 to permit greater bending at that location, while end regions of the inner tube 112 may have fewer perforations 145 or no perforations to provide increased stiffness. This selective application of perforations 145 can allow for tailored bending profiles along the length of the inner tube 112.

[0093] The perforations 145 may have various shapes including, but not limited to, circular, oval, rectangular, or elongated slot configurations. In some embodiments, the perforations 145 may be oriented in particular directions relative to the longitudinal axis of the inner tube 112 (e.g., 45 degrees) to influence bending behavior in specific directions. The perforations 145 may also vary in size along the length of the inner tube 112, with larger perforations 145 providing greater elastic deformability and smaller perforations 145 providing less deformability at their respective locations.

[0094] In some embodiments, the outer tube 136 may also include a plurality of perforations 145, channels, or other surface indentations similar to those described with respect to the inner tube 112, although not shown in the figures. The perforations 145 in the outer tube 136 can be formed as openings extending through the wall of the outer tube 136, and may be arranged in various patterns along the length and circumference of the outer tube 136. The inclusion of perforations 145 in the outer tube 136 may affect the elastic deformability, compression characteristics, or deformation behavior of the outer tube 136 during ball contact. In some aspects, the size, shape, spacing, and density of the perforations 145 in the outer tube 136 can be selected to achieve desired performance characteristics, such as controlling how the outer tube 136 responds when contacted by the deforming outer barrel structure 103 during impact. The perforations 145 in the outer tube 136 may be arranged uniformly along its length, or may be selectively positioned in certain regions to provide varying stiffness characteristics at different locations along the outer tube 136.

[0095] In some embodiments, the first suspension member 115a and the second suspension member 115b may each have a first stiffness or a first modulus of elasticity, whereas the inner tube 112 has a second stiffness or a second modulus of elasticity different than the first. This difference in stiffness between the suspension members 115 and the inner tube 112 can influence how the bat 100 responds to impact forces during ball contact. For instance, when the first stiffness of the suspension members 115 is greater than the second stiffness of the inner tube 112, the suspension members 115 may resist displacement at their respective locations while the inner tube 112 bends or deflects along its length between the suspension members 115. Alternatively, when the second stiffness of the inner tube 112 is greater than the first stiffness of the suspension members 115, the inner tube 112 may translate as a substantially straight member within the deformable suspension members 115 rather than bending along its length. The selection of relative stiffness values between the suspension members 115 and the inner tube 112 can be used to tailor the transverse movement characteristics, energy absorption behavior, and overall feel of the bat 100 during use.

[0096] Reference throughout this document to “one embodiment,”“some embodiments,”“an embodiment,”“various embodiments,” or similar terminology, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of such phrases in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of any embodiment can be combined in any suitable manner with one or more other includes, structures, or characteristics of one or more other embodiments without limitation.

[0097] The foregoing description of embodiments is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise form described. Instead, the examples set forth herein were presented in order to best explain, to describe particular applications, and to thereby enable those skilled in the art to make and use embodiments of the described examples. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the foregoing description and examples have been presented for the purposes of illustration and example only. The description as set forth is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise form disclosed.

[0098] The features, structures, or characteristics described above can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner, and the features discussed in the various embodiments can be interchangeable, if possible. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided in order to fully understand the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, a person skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical solution of the present disclosure can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or other methods, components, materials, and the like can be employed. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the present disclosure.

[0099] Although the relative terms such as “on,”“below,”“upper,” and “lower” are used in the specification to describe the relative relationship of one component to another component, these terms are used in this specification for convenience only, for example, as a direction in an example shown in the drawings. It should be understood that if the device is turned upside down, the “upper” component described above will become a “lower” component. When a structure is “on” another structure, it is possible that the structure is integrally formed on another structure, or that the structure is “directly” disposed on another structure, or that the structure is “indirectly” disposed on the other structure through other structures.

[0100] In this specification, the terms such as “a,”“an,”“the,” and “said” are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements and components. The terms “comprise,”“include,”“have,”“contain,” and their variants are used to be open ended, and are meant to include additional elements, components, etc., in addition to the listed elements, components, etc. unless otherwise specified in the appended claims.

[0101] The terms “first,”“second,” etc. are used only as labels, rather than a limitation for a number of the objects. It is understood that if multiple components are shown, the components can be referred to as a “first” component, a “second” component, and so forth, to the extent applicable.

[0102] The terms “approximately,”“about,” and “substantially,” unless otherwise defined herein to be associated with a particular range, percentage, or related metric of deviation, account for at least some manufacturing tolerances between a theoretical design and manufactured product or assembly, such as the geometric dimensioning and tolerancing criteria described in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME®) Y14.5 and the related International Organization for Standardization (ISO®) standards. Such manufacturing tolerances are still contemplated, as one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate, although “about,”“substantially,” or related terms are not expressly referenced, even in connection with the use of theoretical terms, such as the geometric “perpendicular,”“orthogonal,”“vertex,”“collinear,”“coplanar,” and other terms. Moreover, as used herein, the term “approximately” may account for a degree of deviation from a stated value, such as within plus or minus 10% of the stated value.

[0103] The above-described embodiments of the present disclosure are merely possible examples of embodiments set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the disclosure. Many variations and modifications can be made to the above-described embodiment(s) without departing substantially from the spirit and principles of the disclosure. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and protected by the following claims.

Claims

1. A bat, comprising:an outer elongated barrel, the outer elongated barrel having a tapered region and a cylindrical region extending from the tapered region;a single inner tube disposed within the outer barrel structure, the inner tube being retained within the cylindrical region by at least one suspension member; andat least one barrel insert positioned annularly around the inner tube that affects transverse movement of the inner tube upon a force being imposed in the cylindrical region of the bat.

2. The bat according to claim 1, wherein a gap is provided between a distal end of the inner tube and an end cap of the bat.

3. The bat according to claim 1, wherein:the at least one suspension member is a first suspension member retaining a proximal end of the inner tube, and a second suspension member retaining a distal end of the inner tube;an inner gap is provided between the at least one barrel insert and the first suspension member; andan inner gap is provided between the at least one barrel insert and the second suspension member.

4. The bat according to claim 1, wherein the at least one barrel insert comprises a first annular barrel insert positioned around a central region of the inner tube, and a second annular barrel insert and a third annular barrel insert positioned on opposing sides of the first barrel insert around the inner tube.

5. The bat according to claim 4, wherein the first annular barrel insert has a larger outer diameter than an outer diameter of at least one of the second annular barrel insert and the third annular barrel insert.

6. The bat according to claim 4, wherein the first annular barrel insert has a larger width than a width of at least one of the second annular barrel insert and the third annular barrel insert.

7. The bat according to claim 1, wherein the at least one barrel insert has an I-shaped cross-section, L-shaped cross-section, or a T-shaped cross-section along an axial cross-section plane.

8. The bat according to claim 1, wherein the at least one suspension member is formed of a material less deformable than a material of the single inner tube.

9. The bat according to claim 1, wherein the single inner tube is formed of a material less deformable than a material of the at least one suspension member.

10. The bat according to claim 1, wherein the at least one suspension member comprises a first suspension member positioned in a proximal portion of the cylindrical region, and a second suspension member positioned in a distal portion of the cylindrical region.

11. The bat according to claim 1, wherein the at least one barrel insert comprises one, two, three, or four barrel inserts.

12. A bat, comprising:an outer elongated barrel, the outer elongated barrel having a tapered region and a cylindrical region extending from the tapered region;an inner tube disposed within the outer barrel structure, the inner tube being retained within the cylindrical region by a first suspension member and a second suspension member; andat least one performance control assembly comprising an outer tube and at least one barrel insert positioned between the inner tube and the outer tube, the at least one performance control assembly affecting transverse movement of the inner tube upon a force being imposed in the cylindrical region of the bat,wherein a substantial proximal inner gap is provided between the at least one performance control assembly and the first suspension member, and a substantial distal inner gap is positioned between the at least one performance control assembly and the second suspension member.

13. The bat according to claim 12, wherein a gap is provided between a distal end of the inner tube and an end cap of the bat.

14. The bat according to claim 12, wherein the at least one performance control assembly comprises:a first performance control assembly positioned around a central region of the inner tube; anda second performance control assembly positioned on a side of the first performance control assembly,wherein the first and the second performance control assemblies are configured to operate independently of one another.

15. The bat according to claim 12, wherein the at least one performance control assembly comprises:a first performance control assembly positioned around a central region of the inner tube; anda second performance control assembly; anda third performance control assembly positioned on opposing sides of the first performance control assembly,wherein the first, second, and third performance control assemblies are configured to operate independently of one another.

16. The bat according to claim 15, wherein an outer diameter of the outer tube of the first performance control assembly is greater than an outer diameter of the outer tube of each of the second and third performance control assemblies.

17. The bat according to claim 15, wherein the first performance control assembly is positioned adjacent the second performance control assembly, and the third performance control assembly is positioned adjacent the first performance control assembly.

18. The bat according to claim 17, wherein the first performance control assembly is attached to the second performance control assembly, and the third performance control assembly is attached to the first performance control assembly.

19. The bat according to claim 15, wherein the first performance control assembly is spaced apart from or not attached to the second performance control assembly, and the third performance control assembly is spaced apart from or not attached to the first performance control assembly.

20. A bat, comprising:an outer barrel structure having a tapered region and a cylindrical region extending from the tapered region;an inner tube disposed within the outer barrel structure and retained by a first suspension member and a second suspension member positioned at spaced apart locations along the inner tube, wherein the first suspension member and the second suspension member each have a first stiffness, and the inner tube has a second stiffness different than the first stiffness; andat least two performance control assemblies configured to operate independent of one another, each of the performance control assemblies comprising at least one barrel insert suspended over the inner tube between the first suspension member and the second suspension member.

21. The bat according to claim 20, wherein a gap is provided between a distal end of the inner tube and an end cap of the bat.

22. The bat according to claim 20, wherein the at least one barrel insert comprises a plurality of barrel inserts arranged at spaced intervals along a length of the inner tube.

23. The bat according to claim 20, wherein a first performance control assembly of the at least two performance control assemblies has at least one of a different geometry or a different material composition than a second performance control assembly of the at least two performance control assemblies.

24. The bat according to claim 20, wherein each of the at least two performance control assemblies further comprises an outer tube positioned around the at least one barrel insert, the outer tube being configured to contact an inner surface of the outer barrel structure upon transverse movement of the inner tube.

25. The bat according to claim 24, wherein at least one of the inner tube and the outer tube comprises a plurality of perforations extending through a respective tube wall, the perforations being arranged along a length of the respective tube wall to vary elastic deformability characteristics of a respective tube at different locations.

26. The bat according to claim 24, wherein the first stiffness of each of the first suspension member and the second suspension member is greater than the second stiffness of the inner tube.

27. The bat according to claim 24, wherein the second stiffness of the inner tube is greater than the first stiffness of each of the first suspension member and the second suspension member.

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