Vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing and installation method thereof

Abstract

Provided are a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing including a vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and a horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device adopting a friction pendulum bearing and an installation method thereof. A helical spring is sleeved on a guide member. A self-resetting friction damping member includes cover plates, clamping plates, disc springs, and second bolts, the two clamping plates are clamped between the two cover plates, contact surfaces of the cover plate and the clamping plate are inclined surfaces having inclination angles that are complementary to each other, the disc springs are arranged on two sides of the two cover plates facing away from each other, and the second bolts extends through the clamping plates, the two cover plates and the disc springs on the two sides of the two cover plates.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is based upon and claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510153838.2, filed on Feb. 12, 2025, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of seismic mitigation and isolation of engineering structures, and in particular to a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing and an installation method thereof.BACKGROUND

[0003] Conventional seismic isolation systems are primarily designed to resist horizontal seismic actions. However, with increased understanding of vertical seismic component, particularly in near-fault earthquakes, the threat posed by vertical seismic actions to safety and functionality of buildings cannot be overlooked. In strong earthquakes, particularly in near-fault earthquakes, the vertical seismic component can reach the same strength as the horizontal seismic component. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a vertical seismic isolation system to effectively absorb the energy transmitted by the vertical seismic component to superstructures, thereby reducing the damage caused by vertical impact, reducing structural damage and improving seismic toughness, thereby ensuring integrity of the structures in strong earthquakes.

[0004] In recent years, with the investigation of earthquake damage, it is found that there may be a large residual displacement in a structural seismic isolation layer after seismic loading, the post-earthquake residual displacement will cause permanent deformation of structure, affecting the normal use of post-earthquake buildings, weakening anti-seismic ability of the structure to aftershocks, and increasing the risk of damage of the structure. In addition, vertical residual displacements alter the stress states of internal members in the structure, leading to non-uniform load distribution on the structure, which may trigger stability issues, particularly affect load-bearing components such as columns, braces, and slabs, leading to the increase of a risk of collapse of the structure. The structure with residual displacement usually needs structural repair to restore its initial state and safety, resulting in expensive maintenance cost, prolonged downtime and interference with the operation plan.

[0005] Chinese Patent Publication NO. CN117052008A discloses a self-resetting energy-dissipation three-dimensional combined seismic mitigation and isolation bearing and an installation method thereof. The self-resetting energy-dissipation three-dimensional combined seismic mitigation and isolation bearing includes a vertical seismic mitigation device and a horizontal seismic mitigation device that are connected vertically. The vertical seismic mitigation device includes an upper vertical connecting plate, a spring and a lower vertical connecting plate; the horizontal seismic mitigation device includes a friction pendulum bearing, and further includes an upward horizontal connecting plate, a horizontal U-shaped damper and a lower horizontal connecting plate. The spring is made of a shape memory alloy and connected to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate. The horizontal U-shaped damper is made of a shape memory alloy and connected to the upper horizontal connecting plate and the lower horizontal connecting plate. Although the spring made of the shape memory alloy is adopted in the vertical direction, the vertical bearing capacity provided by the helical spring is small, resulting that it is difficult to bear the vertical self-weight of the structure. The vertical self-resetting capacity is provided by the super-elasticity of materials, which exhibits significant temperature dependence. In low-temperature conditions in winter, the super-elastic performance of the shape memory alloy degrades, resulting in decreased vertical self-resetting capacity of the device.

[0006] Chinese Patent Publication NO. CN113374106A discloses an SMA (Shape memory alloy) high-energy-dissipation self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation device, including a horizontal seismic mitigation device, a vertical seismic mitigation device and a limiting device. The horizontal seismic mitigation device includes a lower connecting plate and a middle connecting plate. A lower sealing plate, a cushion plate and an upper sealing plate are sequentially arranged between the lower connecting plate and the middle connecting plate. A built-in lead core perpendicular to the lower sealing plate is arranged between the lower connecting plate and the middle connecting plate. The built-in lead core is located at the center of the lower sealing plate, and SMA wires are arranged between the lower sealing plate and the upper sealing plate. Magnets are arrayed on the periphery of the cushion plate, and an anchoring bolt is fastened to a lower end of the lower connecting plate. The vertical seismic mitigation device includes an upper connecting plate and a viscous damper, and the viscous damper is fastened between the upper connecting plate and a middle connecting plate. The limiting device includes an upper limiting plate and two limiting plates in parallel; one end of each lower limiting plate is fastened to an upper end of the middle connecting plate, one end of the upper limiting plate is fastened to a lower end of the upper connecting plate, the upper limiting plate is provided with a limiting hole, a limiting block is fastened between the two lower limiting plates, and the limiting block is located in the limiting hole of the upper limiting plate. Multiple viscous dampers are arrayed between the upper connecting plate and the middle connecting plate. A disc spring is arranged on an outer side of the viscous damper, and two ends of the disc spring are connected to a lower end of the upper connecting plate and an upper end of the middle connecting plate, respectively. However, as the viscous damper adopted in this patent is poor in durability, sealing members may be aged or damaged after long-term service, resulting in leakage of damping fluid. Regular inspection and maintenance are therefore required. The cyclic load of vehicle during movement thereof may cause material fatigue and affect the service life of the device.

[0007] Chinese Patent Publication NO. CN118133529A discloses a calculation method and a system based on a displacement amplification self-resetting friction damping device including a self-resetting friction damping device and a displacement amplification rod with an end connecting plate. The self-resetting friction damping device includes a first external friction energy dissipation plate, an internal friction energy dissipation plate and a second external friction energy dissipation plate which are sequentially stacked with each other. Cooperating ends of three groups of friction energy dissipation plates are fixed ends, extension directions of cantilever ends of the two groups of external friction energy dissipation plates are in a same direction and opposite to that of the internal friction energy dissipation plate, and the fixed ends of the three groups of friction energy dissipation plates are meshed with each other in the extension direction in a trapezoidal tooth meshing manner. A preload bolt runs through each friction energy dissipation plate in a direction perpendicular to a surface of each friction energy dissipation plate. The preload bolt is coaxially sleeved with a preload disc spring group, one end of the preload disc spring group abuts against a corresponding external friction energy dissipation plate, and the other end of the preload disc spring group is pressed by the preload nut. In this configuration, the external and internal friction energy dissipation plates can perform reciprocating linear motion in the extension direction. However, the self-resetting friction damping device proposed in this patent cannot be directly applied to the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation of structures.SUMMARY

[0008] To overcome at least one defect in the prior art, the present disclosure aims to provide a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing and an installation method thereof. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing can achieve vertical and horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation of a structure under a condition of meeting requirements of vertical load-bearing capacity, and also has vertical and horizontal self-resetting capacity.

[0009] The objective of the present disclosure is implemented through the following technical solution.

[0010] One of the technical solutions of the present disclosure is a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing. The three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing includes a vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and a horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device. The vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device are connected vertically. The vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device includes an upper vertical connecting plate, a self-resetting friction damping member, a guide member, a helical spring and a lower vertical connecting plate, and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device adopts a friction pendulum bearing.

[0011] The guide member and the helical spring are arranged between the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate, the guide member has two ends that are connected to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate, respectively, and the helical spring is sleeved on the guide member.

[0012] The self-resetting friction damping member is arranged between the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate, the self-resetting friction damping member has two ends that are connected to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate, respectively; the self-resetting friction damping member comprises two cover plates, two clamping plates, disc springs, and second bolts ; the two clamping plates are clamped between the two cover plates, contact surfaces of the cover plate and the clamping plate are inclined surfaces having inclination angles that are complementary to each other, the disc springs are arranged on two sides of the two cover plates facing away from each other, and each of the second bolts extends through a corresponding one of the two clamping plates, the two cover plates and corresponding ones of the disc springs on the two sides of the two cover plates.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device is arranged above the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device. Each of the lower vertical connecting plate and the upper horizontal connecting plate each are provided with a through hole, and the through holes of the lower vertical connecting plate correspond to the through holes of the upper horizontal connecting plate in position. The vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device are connected via first bolts passing through the lower vertical connecting plate and the upper horizontal connecting plate, completing the assembly of the three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing and making assembly and replacement convenient.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the contact surface of the cover plate is convex, and the contact surface of the clamping plate is concave.

[0015] Furthermore, the disc springs arranged on each of the two sides of the two cover plates includes multiple disc springs that are stacked in series and / or in parallel into a disc spring group depending on design requirements. The load-bearing capacity of the disc spring group can be increased by stacking multiple disc springs in parallel, and the deformation capacity of the disc spring group can be increased by stacking multiple disc springs in series.

[0016] Furthermore, each of the second bolts is a high-strength bolt made of a high-strength material, the high-strength material is selected from one or more of alloy steel, carbon steel and stainless steel, which can bear a greater tensile force and shear force, and is suitable for dynamic loading. The disc springs, the two cover plates and the two clamping plates are fastened by applying preload through nuts, and the preload can be adjusted depending on design requirements. The high-strength bolt can ensure tight connection through the preload, thereby reducing the risk of loosening.

[0017] Furthermore, each of the two cover plates is provided with through holes centered about centers of inclined surfaces of the each of the two cover plates, and each of the two clamping plates is provided with a waist-shaped hole centered about a center of an inclined surface of the each of the two clamping plates, such that the clamping plate 16 can displace relative to the cover plate 15 under the action of an external force.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, a diameter of each of the through holes of the cover plate and the clamping plate is greater than that of the second bolt, and an inner diameter of the disc spring is slightly greater than the diameter of the second bolt.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, a difference between the inner diameter of the disc spring and the diameter of the second bolt is suggested to be 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, thereby preventing the multiple disc springs from dislocating during compression deformation, which affects a resetting force of the device. In this embodiment, the difference is preferably 1 mm.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the self-resetting friction damping members are arranged around the vertical connecting plate, a base is arranged on an outer end of the clamping plate, the base is provided with through holes, and the self-resetting friction damping member and the upper vertical connecting plate are connected via first bolts passing through the base and the upper vertical connecting plate for fastening, and the self-resetting friction damping member and the lower vertical connecting plate are connected via first bolts passing through the base and the lower vertical connecting plate for fastening, thereby facilitating inspection and replacement of the self-resetting friction damping member after earthquakes.

[0021] Furthermore, the guide member includes sleeves and a guide rod, a first end of the guide rod is fastened to a first one of the sleeves on a side where a first one of the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate is located, and a second end of the guide rod extends into and is connected slidably with a second one of the sleeves on a side where a second one of the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate is located; the helical spring is sleeved on the guide rod, and the helical spring has two ends that are connected to the sleeves on the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate, respectively. The guide member provides significant horizontal lateral stiffness for the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device, thereby preventing the relative horizontal displacement between the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, an inner diameter of the helical spring is greater than an outer diameter of the guide rod, so that the guide rod can compress the helical spring when sliding vertically to play a role of vertical seismic isolation and prevent the helical spring from out-of-plane torsional deformation.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution, the guide members are arranged at the center of the vertical connecting plate, a base is arranged on an outer end of each sleeve, the base are provided with through holes, and the guide member and the upper vertical connecting plate are connected via first bolts passing through the base and the upper vertical connecting plate for fastening, and the guide member and the lower vertical connecting plate are connected via first bolts passing through the base and the lower vertical connecting plate for fastening, thereby facilitating assembly and replacement of the guide member.

[0024] Furthermore, the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device comprises an upper horizontal connecting plate, an upper sliding surface, a slider, a lower sliding surface, and a lower horizontal connecting plate; the upper sliding surface is connected to the upper horizontal connecting plate, the lower sliding surface is connected to the lower horizontal connecting plate, and the slider is slidingly arranged between the upper sliding surface and the lower sliding surface.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution, the sliding surface is arranged at the center of the horizontal connecting plate, and the sliding surface is welded to the horizontal collecting plate.

[0026] Furthermore, the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device further comprises a U-shaped damper arranged between the upper horizontal connecting plate and the lower horizontal connecting plate, and the U-shaped damper has two ends that are connected to the upper horizontal connecting plate and the lower horizontal connecting plate, respectively. Under the action of an external force, the upper horizontal connecting plate displace relative to the lower horizontal connecting plate, which drives the U-shaped damper to undergo in-plane shear deformation and out-of-plane torsional deformation, thereby providing excellent energy dissipation ability.

[0027] Furthermore, the U-shaped damper is made of a shape memory alloy selected from at least one of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, a copper-based shape memory alloy and an iron-based shape memory alloy. Because the material has super-elasticity at a room temperature, which can effectively reduce horizontal residual deformation of the friction pendulum bearing after earthquakes and improve the horizontal self-resetting ability of the friction pendulum bearing.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution, the U-shaped dampers are arranged around the horizontal connecting plate, two ends of each U-shaped damper are both connected to bases, each end of the U-shaped damper and the base each are provided with two through holes, and the through holes of the U-shaped damper correspond to the through holes of the base in position. The U-shaped damper and the upper horizontal connecting plate are connected via first bolts passing through one end of the U-shaped damper, the base and the upper horizontal connecting plate for fastening, and the U-shaped damper and the lower horizontal connecting plate are connected via first bolts passing through the other end of the U-shaped damper, the base and the lower horizontal connecting plate for fastening, facilitating replacement and installation of the U-shaped damper after earthquakes.

[0029] Furthermore, the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device is connected to the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device via a first bolt, the self-resetting friction damping member is connected to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate via first bolts, the guide member is connected to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate via first bolts, and the U-shaped damper is connected to the upper horizontal connecting plate and the lower horizontal connecting plate via first bolts.

[0030] As a preferred technical solution, a body of the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device is generally made of steel, and the guide member arranged in the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device can provide significant horizontal lateral stiffness and less vertical stiffness. The friction pendulum bearing of the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device is generally made of steel, and the upper horizontal connecting plate, the upper sliding surface, the slider, the lower sliding surface and the lower horizontal connecting plate are always in contact with each other, so that the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device has significant vertical stiffness and can bear the self-weight load of an superstructure. Therefore, under the action of tri-directional earthquake, the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device mainly undergoes vertical compression deformation, and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device mainly undergoes horizontal shear deformation.

[0031] One of the technical solutions of the present disclosure is an installation method of the vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing, where the method includes the following steps:

[0032] S1, assembling the guide member and the helical spring, enabling a guide rod of the guide member to extend through the helical spring; and fastening sleeves at the two ends of the guide member to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate via first bolts;

[0033] S2, assembling a self-resetting friction damping member, wherein the disc springs are stacked in series or in parallel; enabling each of the second bolts to extend through the corresponding ones of the disc springs, the two cover plates and the corresponding one of the two clamping plates; and applying preload to the disc springs through nuts to fasten the two cover plates and the two clamping plates;

[0034] S3, fastening the two clamping plates at the two ends of the self-resetting friction damping member to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate respectively via first bolts;

[0035] S4, assembling the friction pendulum bearing, wherein the U-shaped damper is fastened between the upper horizontal connecting plate and the lower horizontal connecting plate via first bolts after through holes of the U-shaped damper, the upper horizontal connecting plate and the lower horizontal connecting plate are aligned; and

[0036] S5, aligning through holes of the lower vertical connecting plate and the upper horizontal connecting plate, and connecting the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device via first bolts to form the vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects.

[0038] (1) In the present disclosure, when a load is less than a specific value, the self-resetting friction damping member has high stiffness, which can bear a gravity load of the superstructure in a normal working stage. In addition, the vertical load-bearing capacity can be further provided by preloading the helical spring in the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device. During earthquakes, the vertical load on the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device changes. After the vertical load is greater than a specified value, the self-resetting friction damping member begins to slide, so that the vertical stiffness of the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device is significantly reduced, which has the effect of vertical isolation on the superstructure.

[0039] (2) In the present disclosure, when the external force acts on the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device, inclined surfaces of the cover plate and the clamping plate of the self-resetting friction damping member slide relative to each other. During sliding, the friction works on the system, and input kinetic energy is converted into heat energy to form a friction-based energy dissipation mechanism, thereby providing excellent energy dissipation capacity for the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and reducing seismic energy input to the superstructure.

[0040] (3) In the present disclosure, an inclined surface friction mechanism between the cover plate and the clamping plate in the self-resetting friction damping member as well as a horizontal elastic force provided by the disc spring group can provide excellent self-resetting capacity. When the external force disappears or decreases to a design value, a horizontal force provided by the disc spring group can push the cover plate and the clamping plate to return to initial positions thereof, so that the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device has excellent vertical self-resetting capacity and can effectively reduce a vertical residual displacement of the superstructure.

[0041] (4) In the present disclosure, an initial sliding force, sliding-induced stiffness, peak load-bearing capacity and a resetting force of the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device can be adjusted by modifying an inclination angle and a friction coefficient of the inclined surfaces of the self-resetting friction damping member, a disc spring specification and the preload of the second bolt in the self-resetting friction damping member, thereby meeting different seismic fortification requirements of the superstructure.

[0042] (5) In the present disclosure, the friction pendulum bearing can play a horizontal vibration isolation effect on the superstructure, and when the relative side in the friction pendulum bearing takes place, the U-shaped damper can be driven to generate shear and torsional deformations. Seismic energy can be dissipated through plastic deformation of the U-shaped damper, so that the energy dissipation capacity of the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device is further improved.

[0043] (6) In the present disclosure, the U-shaped damper made of the shape memory alloy having super-elasticity at a room temperature has excellent self-resetting capacity after deformation, and can reduce horizontal residual deformation of the friction pendulum bearing.

[0044] (7) In the present disclosure, the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device is made of ordinary steel, the helical spring and the disc spring, therefore the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device is made of materials easy to be obtained, stable in mechanical properties, low in cost, so that it can be produced on a large scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] FIG. 1 is a perspective structural diagram of a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG. 2 is a front structural diagram of a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIG. 3 is an exploded structural diagram of a vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of a guide member and a helical spring according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0049] FIG. 5 is a layout diagram of a self-resetting friction damping member according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0050] FIG. 6 is a top diagram of a sectional structure of a vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] FIG. 7 is a perspective structural diagram of a self-resetting friction damping member according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] FIG. 8 is a front structural diagram of a self-resetting friction damping member according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0053] FIG. 9 is a front structural diagram of a disc spring according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG. 10 is a bottom structural diagram of a clamping plate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG. 11 is a front structural diagram of a clamping plate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] FIG. 12 is a bottom structural diagram of a cover plate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG. 13 is a front structural diagram of a cover plate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.REFERENCE NUMERALS IN THE DRAWINGS

[0058] 1—upper vertical connecting plate; 2—self-resetting friction damping member; 3—lower vertical connecting plate; 4—helical spring; 5—guide member; 6—upper horizontal connecting plate; 7—lower horizontal connecting plate; 8—upper sliding surface; 9—lower sliding surface; 10—slider; 11—U-shaped damper; 12—first bolt; 13—disc spring; 14—second bolt; 15—cover plate; 16—clamping plate.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0059] The present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present disclosure, and gives detailed implementations and specific operation process, but the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0060] In the description of the present disclosure, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms “center”, “top”, “bottom”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “inside” and “outside” is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings only for convenience of description of the present disclosure and simplification of description rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure. In addition, the terms “first”, “second” and “third” are used to describe common objects, and only refer to different instances of a same object, and are not intended to imply that the objects described must adopt a given order, whether temporally, spatially, sequentially or in any other way.

[0061] In the present disclosure, unless expressly specified and limited otherwise, the terms “install”, “connect” and “couple” should be understood broadly. For example, a connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; a connection may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a connection may be a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the foregoing terms in the present disclosure can be understood according to the specific circumstances.Embodiment

[0062] A vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, and FIG. 6, includes a vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and a horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device that are connected vertically. The vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device includes an upper vertical connecting plate 1, self-resetting friction damping members 2, guide members 5, helical springs 4 and a lower vertical connecting plate 3 that are arranged from top to bottom. The horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device adopts a friction pendulum bearing, and includes an upper horizontal connecting plate 6, U-shaped dampers 11, an upper sliding surface 8, a slider 10, a lower sliding surface 9, and a lower horizontal connecting plate 7 that are arranged from top to bottom.

[0063] The vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device is arranged above the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device. Four corners of each of the lower vertical connecting plate 3 and the upper horizontal connecting plate 6 each are provided with a through hole, and the through holes of the lower vertical connecting plate 3 correspond to the through holes of the upper horizontal connecting plate 6 in position. The vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device are connected via first bolts 12 passing through the lower vertical connecting plate 3 and the upper horizontal connecting plate 6, completing the assembly of the three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing and making assembly and replacement convenient.

[0064] The upper sliding surface 8 is connected to the upper horizontal connecting plate 6, the lower sliding surface 9 is connected to the lower horizontal connecting plate 7, and the slider 10 is slidingly arranged between the upper sliding surface 8 and the lower sliding surface 9.

[0065] The upper sliding surface is welded onto the center of the upper horizontal connecting plate, and the lower sliding surface is welded onto the center of the lower horizontal connecting plate.

[0066] The U-shaped damper 11 is arranged between the upper horizontal connecting plate 6 and the lower horizontal connecting plate 7, and two ends of the U-shaped damper 11 are connected to the upper horizontal connecting plate 6 and the lower horizontal connecting plate 7, respectively. Under the action of an external force, the upper horizontal connecting plate 6 displace relative to the lower horizontal connecting plate 7, which drives the U-shaped damper 11 to undergo in-plane shear deformation and out-of-plane torsional deformation, thereby providing excellent energy dissipation ability.

[0067] The U-shaped damper 11 is made of a shape memory alloy, and the shape memory alloy is selected from one or more of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, a copper-based shape memory alloy, and an iron-based shape memory alloy. In this embodiment, the U-shaped damper is made of an nickel-titanium shape memory alloy due to its super-elasticity at a room temperature, which can effectively reduce horizontal residual deformation of the friction pendulum bearing after earthquakes and improve the horizontal self-resetting ability of the friction pendulum bearing.

[0068] Four U-shaped dampers 11 are symmetrically arranged around the horizontal connecting plate, two ends of each U-shaped damper 11 are both connected to bases, each end of the U-shaped damper 11 and the base each are provided with two through holes, and the through holes of the U-shaped damper 11 correspond to the through holes of the base in position. The U-shaped damper 11 and the upper horizontal connecting plate are connected via first bolts 12 passing through one end of the U-shaped damper, the base and the upper horizontal connecting plate for fastening, and the U-shaped damper 11 and the lower horizontal connecting plate are connected via first bolts 12 passing through the other end of the U-shaped damper, the base and the lower horizontal connecting plate for fastening, facilitating replacement and installation of the U-shaped damper 11 after earthquakes.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 4, the guide member 5 and the helical spring 4 are arranged between the upper vertical connecting plate 1 and the lower vertical connecting plate 3, two ends of the guide member 5 are connected to the upper vertical connecting plate 1 and the lower vertical connecting plate 3, respectively. The guide member 5 includes sleeves and a guide rod, one end of the guide rod is fastened into the sleeve on one of the upper and lower vertical connecting plates, and the other end of the guide rod extends into and is connected slidably with the sleeve on the other of the upper and lower vertical connecting plates. In this embodiment, the lower end of the guide rod is fixed, and the upper end of the guide rod is slidable. The helical spring 4 is sleeved on the guide rod, and two ends of the helical spring 4 are connected to the sleeves on the upper vertical connecting plate 1 and the lower vertical connecting plate 3, respectively. The guide member 5 provides significant horizontal lateral stiffness for the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device, thereby preventing the relative horizontal displacement between the upper vertical connecting plate 1 and the lower vertical connecting plate 3.

[0070] An inner diameter of the helical spring 4 is greater than an outer diameter of the guide rod, so that the guide rod can compress the helical spring 4 when sliding vertically to play a role of vertical seismic isolation and prevent the helical spring 4 from out-of-plane torsional deformation.

[0071] Four guide members 5 are symmetrically arranged at the center of the vertical connecting plate, a base is arranged on an outer end of each sleeve, four corners of the base each are provided with a through hole, and the guide member 5 and the upper vertical connecting plate are connected via first bolts 12 passing through the base and the upper vertical connecting plate for fastening, and the guide member 5 and the lower vertical connecting plate are connected via first bolts 12 passing through the base and the lower vertical connecting plate for fastening, thereby facilitating assembly and replacement of the guide member 5.

[0072] As shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the self-resetting friction damping member 2 is arranged between the upper vertical connecting plate 1 and the lower vertical connecting plate 3, and two ends of the self-resetting friction damping member 2 are connected to the upper vertical connecting plate 1 and the lower vertical connecting plate 3, respectively. The self-resetting friction damping member 2 includes cover plates 15, clamping plates 16, disc springs 13, and second bolts 14. Two clamping plates 16 are clamped between two cover plates 15, the contact surfaces of the cover plate 15 and clamping plate 16 are inclined surfaces having inclination angles that are complementary to each other, enabling tight fitting with each other. Two sides of the cover plate 15 each are provided with multiple disc springs 13, and the second bolt 14 passes through the clamping plate 16, the cover plates 15 and disc springs 13 on two sides of the clamping plate 16.

[0073] The contact surface of the cover plate 15 is convex, and the contact surface of the clamping plate 16 is concave.

[0074] As shown in FIG. 9, the disc springs 13 can be stacked in series and / or in parallel into a disc spring group depending on design requirements, and the load-bearing capacity of the disc spring group can be increased by stacking multiple disc springs 13 in parallel, and the deformation capacity of the disc spring group can be increased by stacking multiple disc springs 13 in series. In this embodiment, a hybrid combination of stacking in series and in parallel are preferably adopted, two disc springs are stacked in parallel to form a disc spring pair, and ten disc spring pairs are stacked in series to form a disc spring group, thereby meeting requirements for both load-bearing capacity and deformation capacity.

[0075] The second bolt 14 adopts a high-strength bolt made of a high-strength material, the high-strength material is selected from one or more of alloy steel, carbon steel and stainless steel. In this embodiment, the high-strength material is preferably alloy steel, which can bear a greater tensile force and shear force, and is suitable for dynamic loading. The disc springs 13, the cover plates 15 and the clamping plates 16 are fastened by applying preload through nuts, and the preload can be adjusted depending on design requirements. The high-strength bolt can ensure tight connection through the preload, thereby reducing the risk of loosening.

[0076] As shown in FIG. 10 to FIG. 13, the cover plate 15 is provided with a through hole centered about the center of an inclined surface of the cover plate 15, and the clamping plate 16 is provided with a waist-shaped hole centered about the center of an inclined surface of the clamping plate 16, such that the clamping plate 16 can displace relative to the cover plate 15 under the action of an external force.

[0077] A diameter of each of the through holes of the cover plate 15 and the clamping plate 16 is greater than that of the second bolt 14, and an inner diameter of the disc spring 13 is slightly greater than the diameter of the second bolt 14.

[0078] A difference between the inner diameter of the disc spring 13 and the diameter of the second bolt 14 is suggested to be 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, thereby preventing the multiple disc springs from dislocating during compression deformation, which affects a resetting force of the device. In this embodiment, the difference is preferably 1 mm.

[0079] Four self-resetting friction damping members 2 are symmetrically arranged around the vertical connecting plate, a base is arranged on an outer end of the clamping plate 16, both sides of the base each are provided with a through hole, and the self-resetting friction damping member 2 and the upper vertical connecting plate are connected via first bolts 12 passing through the base and the upper vertical connecting plate for fastening, and the self-resetting friction damping member 2 and the lower vertical connecting plate are connected via first bolts 12 passing through the base and the lower vertical connecting plate for fastening, thereby facilitating inspection and replacement of the self-resetting friction damping member 2 after earthquakes.

[0080] A body of the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device is generally made of steel, and the guide member 5 arranged in the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device can provide significant horizontal lateral stiffness and less vertical stiffness. The friction pendulum bearing of the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device is generally made of steel, and the upper horizontal connecting plate 6, the upper sliding surface 8, the slider 10, the lower sliding surface 9 and the lower horizontal connecting plate 7 are always in contact with each other, so that the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device has significant vertical stiffness and can bear the self-weight load of an superstructure. Therefore, under the action of tri-directional earthquake, the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device mainly undergoes vertical compression deformation, and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device mainly undergoes horizontal shear deformation.

[0081] An installation method of the foregoing vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing specifically includes the following steps.

[0082] S1: A guide member 5 and a helical spring 4 are assembled, where a guide rod of the guide member 5 is passed through the helical spring 4, and sleeves at two ends of the guide member 5 are fastened to an upper vertical connecting plate 1 and a lower vertical connecting plate 3 via first bolts 12, respectively.

[0083] S2: A self-resetting friction damper 2 is assembled, where disc springs 13 are stacked in series or in parallel, a second bolt 14 is passed through the disc springs 13, cover plates 15 and a clamping plate 16, and preload is applied to the disc springs 13 through a nut to fasten the cover plates 15 and the clamping plate 16.

[0084] S3: Clamping plates 16 at two ends of the self-resetting friction damper 2 are fastened to the upper vertical connecting plate 1 and the lower vertical connecting plate 3 via first bolts 12, respectively.

[0085] S4: A friction pendulum bearing is assembled, where a U-shaped damper 11 is installed between an upper horizontal connecting plate 6 and a lower horizontal connecting plate 7, and the U-shaped damper and the horizontal connecting plates are fastened via first bolts 12 after through holes are aligned.

[0086] S5: Through holes of the lower vertical connecting plate 3 and the upper horizontal connecting plate 6 are aligned, and then a vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and a horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device are connected via first bolts 12 to form a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing.

[0087] In the present disclosure, the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device are connected in series to form the vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing, which can exert a tri-directional seismic mitigation and isolation effect during earthquakes. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing includes self-resetting friction damping parts 2, spiral springs 4, a friction pendulum bearing and U-shaped dampers 11 made of a shape memory alloy, where the spiral spring 4 is used to provide an initial vertical load-bearing capacity. The vertical seismic mitigation and isolation for the structure is achieved by combining vertical energy dissipation capacity and self-resetting capacity provided by an inclined surface friction mechanism of the self-resetting friction damping member 2 and a compression reaction force of a disc spring group, vertical sliding of a guide rod provided in parallel with the self-resetting friction damping member 2 and vertical compression deformation of the helical spring 4, thereby reducing vertical dynamic response and vertical residual deformation of the structure. The friction pendulum bearing plays a role of horizontal seismic isolation. On the basis of the friction pendulum bearing, the U-shaped damper 11 made of the shape memory alloy is arranged horizontally, which can increase self-resetting capacity while providing horizontal energy dissipation capacity for the friction pendulum bearing the friction pendulum bearing, thereby reducing horizontal residual deformation of a seismic isolation layer.

[0088] According to the present disclosure, the self-resetting friction damping member 2 and the U-shaped damper 11 made of the shape memory alloy are applied to the seismic mitigation and isolation device, such that the proposed device can not only isolate vertical and horizontal seismic components at the same time, enabling the device have excellent seismic mitigation and isolation effect in vertical and horizontal directions, thereby improving the seismic toughness of the structure, but also have excellent self-resetting capacity in three directions, thus effectively controlling horizontal and vertical residual displacement of the structure after earthquakes.

[0089] The foregoing descriptions of the embodiments are for the convenience of those of ordinary in the art to understand and use the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative labor. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the foregoing embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the present disclosure should fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing, comprising a vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and a horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device, wherein the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device are connected vertically,wherein the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device comprises an upper vertical connecting plate, a self-resetting friction damping member, a guide member, a helical spring and a lower vertical connecting plate, and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device adopts a friction pendulum bearing;the guide member and the helical spring are arranged between the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate, the guide member has two ends that are connected to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate, respectively, and the helical spring is sleeved on the guide member;the self-resetting friction damping member is arranged between the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate, the self-resetting friction damping member has two ends that are connected to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate, respectively; the self-resetting friction damping member comprises two cover plates, two clamping plates, disc springs, and second bolts; the two clamping plates are clamped between the two cover plates, contact surfaces of the cover plate and the clamping plate are inclined surfaces having inclination angles that are complementary to each other, the disc springs are arranged on two sides of the two cover plates facing away from each other, and each of the second bolts extends through a corresponding one of the two clamping plates, the two cover plates and corresponding ones of the disc springs on the two sides of the two cover plates.

2. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing according to claim 1, wherein the disc springs arranged on each of the two sides of the two cover plates comprises a plurality of disc springs that are stacked in series and / or in parallel.

3. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing according to claim 1, wherein each of the second bolts is a high-strength bolt, and the disc springs, the two cover plates and the two clamping plates are fastened by applying preload through nuts.

4. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing according to claim 1, wherein each of the two cover plates is provided with through holes centered about centers of inclined surfaces of the each of the two cover plates, and each of the two clamping plates is provided with a waist-shaped hole centered about a center of an inclined surface of the each of the two clamping plates.

5. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing according to claim 1, wherein the guide member comprises sleeves and a guide rod, a first end of the guide rod is fastened to a first one of the sleeves on a side where a first one of the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate is located, and a second end of the guide rod extends into and is connected slidably with a second one of the sleeves on a side where a second one of the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate is located; the helical spring is sleeved on the guide rod, and the helical spring has two ends that are connected to the sleeves on the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate, respectively.

6. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device comprises an upper horizontal connecting plate, an upper sliding surface, a slider, a lower sliding surface, and a lower horizontal connecting plate; the upper sliding surface is connected to the upper horizontal connecting plate, the lower sliding surface is connected to the lower horizontal connecting plate, and the slider is slidingly arranged between the upper sliding surface and the lower sliding surface.

7. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing according to claim 6, wherein the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device further comprises a U-shaped damper arranged between the upper horizontal connecting plate and the lower horizontal connecting plate, and the U-shaped damper has two ends that are connected to the upper horizontal connecting plate and the lower horizontal connecting plate, respectively.

8. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing according to claim 7, wherein the U-shaped damper is made of a shape memory alloy selected from at least one of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, a copper-based shape memory alloy and an iron-based shape memory alloy.

9. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing according to claim 7, wherein the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device is connected to the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device via a first bolt, the self-resetting friction damping member is connected to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate via first bolts, the guide member is connected to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate via first bolts, and the U-shaped damper is connected to the upper horizontal connecting plate and the lower horizontal connecting plate via first bolts.

10. An installation method of the vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing according to claim 9, comprising:S1, assembling the guide member and the helical spring, enabling a guide rod of the guide member to extend through the helical spring; and fastening sleeves at the two ends of the guide member to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate via first bolts;S2, assembling a self-resetting friction damping member, wherein the disc springs are stacked in series or in parallel; enabling each of the second bolts to extend through the corresponding ones of the disc springs, the two cover plates and the corresponding one of the two clamping plates; and applying preload to the disc springs through nuts to fasten the two cover plates and the two clamping plates;S3, fastening the two clamping plates at the two ends of the self-resetting friction damping member to the upper vertical connecting plate and the lower vertical connecting plate respectively via first bolts;S4, assembling the friction pendulum bearing, wherein the U-shaped damper is fastened between the upper horizontal connecting plate and the lower horizontal connecting plate via first bolts after through holes of the U-shaped damper, the upper horizontal connecting plate and the lower horizontal connecting plate are aligned; andS5, aligning through holes of the lower vertical connecting plate and the upper horizontal connecting plate, and connecting the vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device via first bolts to form the vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation bearing.

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