Solar permeable pavers with drip irrigation and smart technology

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a green, smart technology paver system with an integrated drip irrigation cooling system for maximum energy efficiency and system longevity. Water from the drip irrigation system may be filtered and stored for use in garden irrigation and other household uses. The pavers comprise a wood laminate block with interchangeable durable caps affixed thereon. Various embodiments of the paver encompass smart functions such as sensors, solar cells, and LED lighting housed within the wood paver and / or durable cap. A plurality of wooden pavers set in a mounting base with a regular defined distance between each creates a paved area, such as a patio, sidewalk, parking surface, or the like, while allowing water to permeate the surface and potentially reducing unwanted solar heating.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 505,514 filed Jun. 1, 2023 which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The presently disclosed subject matter is directed towards wooden pavers and green technology. Specifically, the presently disclosed subject matter is directed towards multifunctional wooden pavers with a drip irrigation system and smart technology incorporated into a wood paver cube system for road, parking lots, and other outdoor areas.BACKGROUND

[0003] Concrete and asphalt are ubiquitous in urban environments, yet these paving methods, while durable and easy to create, are impermeable and prevent water from reaching underground aquifers. Precipitation that lands on an impermeable surface will either become standing water and evaporate, or will run down slope, potentially coming into contact with any number of contaminants until it reaches an area where groundwater can permeate the surface. In regions with high levels of precipitation, impermeable surfaces greatly contribute to flooding, which often results in costly infrastructural damage. By contrast, in regions with little precipitation, preventing water from infiltrating into the substrate, and in certain cases, underground aquifers, can have numerous negative structural and environmental impacts.

[0004] Another unfortunate side effect of impermeable paving methods, such as concrete and asphalt, is that they absorb heat as short-wave radiation during the day and release that stored thermal energy as long-wave radiation at night, contributing to what is known as an “urban heat-island” effect. The “urban heat-island” effect refers to the significant heating of an urban area due to human activities, largely as a result of reduced vegetation and the widespread use of impermeable paving methods. To compensate for the heat, people use more energy to run fans and air conditioners, creating a vicious cycle of more pollution, more greenhouse gas effect, and even higher temperatures. Apart from these environmental consequences, asphalt and concrete are not aesthetically unique or visually pleasing.

[0005] Wood is an age-old material and has been used for paving. Although wood tends not to contribute to the urban heat island effect and has more aesthetically pleasing characteristics, wood blocks and tiles are not very durable or rot resistant and will tend to disintegrate when left in contact with the ground for long periods of time. For that reason, wood is traditionally treated with creosote, tar, or other chemicals, as shown by Ruff, U.S. Pat. No. 853,034, a 1907 patent. While wood treatments have advanced over the last century, treating wood blocks to improve their durability and environmental resistance is complex and involves environmental risks as well as safety risks to the installer.

[0006] The presently disclosed subject matter provides improvements to existing systems and methods for wooden pavers that overcome the disadvantages of existing systems and methods. It would be advantageous to provide a paver system that incorporates water conservation and self-sustaining smart technology.SUMMARY

[0007] This summary is provided to introduce in a simplified form concepts that are further described in the following detailed descriptions. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it to be construed as limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0008] Disclosed herein is a green, smart technology paver system with an integrated cooling system for maximum energy efficiency and system longevity. The pavers of the present system are made of natural wood, such as Black Locust wood, and may be in the form of a wood laminate block or cube. Additionally, the block or cube may be comprised of a wooden base with interchangeable durable caps and at least one anti-splitting plate affixed thereon.

[0009] Various embodiments of the paver encompass a multitude of functions including, but not limited to, smart technology sensors, solar cells, and LED lighting housed within the wood paver and / or durable cap. The design of each paver cap may be based upon the technology incorporated within the cap and paver. A plurality of wooden pavers set in a mounting base with a regular defined distance between each creates a paved area, such as a patio, sidewalk, parking surface, or the like, while allowing water to permeate the surface and potentially reducing unwanted solar heating. These pavers may be used to construct safe, cool surfaces for playgrounds and parks.

[0010] A base plate with spacers, or another form of matrix, may be used in some embodiments in order to maintain the correct spacing during installation. The paver assembly includes a drip irrigation system to reduce the temperature of the assembly and to increase solar production of the solar cells. Water from the drip irrigation system may be filtered and stored for use in garden irrigation and other household uses.

[0011] According to one or more embodiments, each paver may have the general shape of a cube. In other words, each paver may have four sidewalls connected at the corners by one superior and one inferior face of identical dimension. Depending on the installation, aesthetics, and other factors, the grain of each paver may be oriented vertically. Alternatively, some pavers may have their grain oriented in other directions. In preferred embodiments, the pavers include a cap or collar made of a durable material to increase the strength and durability of the wood paver. Moreover, the paver may include various “smart” technology and functionalities described herein.

[0012] According to one or more embodiments, the paver system may include a drip irrigation system installed between the rows of pavers. Spacers positioned in-between the pavers on the mounting base may include a “cradle” or concave portion that allows for the irrigation tubes to sit within the cradle of the spacers. In addition, the system may include at least one cistern or underground water storage system installed below the paver system to collect and retain rainwater and groundwater as it permeates the paver system. This irrigation and storage system may include filtering systems to clean the water as it is collected. In preferred embodiments, the system includes an air purge system for the drip irrigation to prevent damage from over pressurization and freezing.

[0013] Preferred embodiments of the pavers include technology such as sensors, solar cells, lighting, and / or other features or combinations of features. A system of one or more computers can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of including instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions. A maintenance control unit may be provided to house the system pumps, filters, and sensors that control the drip irrigation and paver system.

[0014] One general aspect includes a paving system, including a plurality of untreated black locust wood pavers arranged in a defined pattern relative to one another, the defined pattern creating regular void spaces therebetween. In one embodiment the defined pattern is a perpendicular pattern. The pavers may be positioned in a spaced apart relationship where the spacing is determined by the size of the paver. The paving system also includes where the void spaces and the paving system as a whole are water permeable in a finished installation. The paving system further includes a drip irrigation system for cooling the pavers and increasing the efficiency and longevity of the system. Other embodiments of this aspect may include sensors, solar cells, lighting, and corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods.

[0015] Implementations may include one or more of the following features. The paving system may further include a mounting base that maintains the defined pattern and the void spaces. The paving system may be designed such that the mounting base includes a rigid base plate. The paving system may be designed such that the wood pavers are disposed in or on the base plate. The paving system may be designed such that the wood pavers are attached to the base plate. The paving system may be designed such that the wood pavers are constructed of laminated wood and arranged with their grain oriented vertically. The paving system may be designed such that the wood pavers are cubic. The paving system may be designed such that the wood pavers comprise a durable cap on the superior face. The paving system may further include wherein the plurality of pavers are arranged in an array on a mounting base comprising a base plate further mounted on a permeable concrete-like surface for strength and stability. Implementations of the described techniques may include hardware, a method or process, or computer software on a computer-accessible medium.

[0016] Implementations may include one or more of the following features. The paving system may have trass bedding (such as ROMEX®) or another suitable permeable mortar as the permeable medium. The paving system may have gravel as the permeable medium. The paving system may have a plurality of layers of gravel as the permeable medium. The gravel may be of different sizes, arranged in graduated sizes of gravel, with small gravel maintaining the void spaces and larger layers of gravel underneath. The paving system may have one or more layers of gravel or rock beneath the wood pavers, the one or more layers of gravel or rock being progressively coarser than the gravel of the permeable medium. The paving system may also include one or more layers of underlayment beneath the base plating and / or the mounting base, the one or more layers of underlayment having graduated sizes or porosities.

[0017] One or more embodiments of a paving system may also include at least one wireless sensor embedded inside the wood pavers or in the durable cap, whereby the sensor receives data. The sensor may be configured to receive moisture and irrigation data, temperature and humidity data, and vibration data. The sensor may also be configured for recording foot and vehicle traffic as well to provide useful upkeep information for pathways. Different sensors may be used for each function, or a single sensor may perform all of these functions. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computer systems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or more computer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of the methods.

[0018] According to one or more embodiments, sensor data is transmitted to a cloud. In one embodiment, any or all data collected by the one or more sensors may be transmitted to a cloud for evaluation. The paving system may be configured where the at least one wireless sensor detects surface activities, conditions, and structural damage. The at least one wireless sensor may provide data for circulation statistics. In one embodiment, irrigation and water-saving can be controlled by embedded wireless sensors. Implementations of the described techniques may include hardware, a method or process, or computer software on a computer-accessible medium.

[0019] According to one or more embodiments, the wood paver comprises a high intensity light source, such as LED or the like, that is configured to emit different lighting patterns such as pedestrian safety lights and roadway markers. Patterns include flashing lights, adjustable intensity light, or a variable lighting pattern and colors for directing traffic or directing attention to a specific area of the paver system.

[0020] These and other aspects, features, and advantages of the presently disclosed subject matter will be set forth in the description that follows.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The foregoing, as well as the following Detailed Description of preferred embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purposes of illustration, there is shown in the drawings exemplary embodiments; however, the presently disclosed subject matter is not limited to the specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed.

[0022] The embodiments illustrated, described, and discussed herein are illustrative of the present invention. As these embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to illustrations, various modifications or adaptations of the methods and or specific structures described may become apparent to those skilled in the art. It will be appreciated that modifications and variations are covered by the above teachings and within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and intended scope thereof. All such modifications, adaptations, or variations that rely upon the teachings of the present invention, and through which these teachings have advanced the art, are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Hence, these descriptions and drawings should not be considered in a limiting sense, as it is understood that the present invention is in no way limited to only the embodiments illustrated.

[0023] FIG. 1 is a visual depiction of an exemplary use of the paver system of the present invention according to one or more embodiments.

[0024] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the paver system according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0025] FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the paver system illustrated in FIG. 2 angled from above.

[0026] FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the paver system illustrated in FIG. 2 angled from below.

[0027] FIG. 5 is an exploded view of an embodiment of the paver system showing the drip irrigation tubing.

[0028] FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the paver system illustrated in FIG. 5, showing the drip irrigation tubing positioned between the rows of pavers.

[0029] FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the paver system illustrated in FIG. 6 angled from above.

[0030] FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the paver system illustrated in FIG. 6 angled from below.

[0031] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an embodiment of two adjacent solar cell pavers with a cross-sectioned irrigation tube and permeable medium therebetween.

[0032] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the solar paver illustrating an interior circuit board and solar cell wiring.

[0033] FIG. 11 is an exploded view illustrating an assembly of one or more embodiments of the wooden paver comprising a wood base and durable cap.

[0034] FIG. 12 illustrates six embodiments of the wooden paver, with each embodiment exhibiting different technology or functionalities which are fully described herein.

[0035] FIG. 13 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the wooden paver incorporating an angled wedge for the solar cells.

[0036] FIG. 14 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the wooden paver incorporating at least one sensor.

[0037] FIG. 15 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the wood paver incorporating a high intensity light source.

[0038] FIG. 16 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the wood paver incorporating a standard light source.

[0039] FIG. 17 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the “blank” wood paver with durability collar.

[0040] FIG. 18 illustrates a top view of an embodiment of the base plate of the mounting base.

[0041] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the base plate also illustrating the inferior face of a paver with anti-splitting plate affixed thereon.

[0042] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of different embodiments of the wood pavers affixed to the base plate, according to one or more embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

[0043] FIG. 21 is a top view of different embodiments of the wood pavers affixed to the base plate.

[0044] FIG. 22 is a perspective view of FIG. 21, further illustrating ground anchors extending from the base plate.

[0045] FIG. 23 is a side view of an embodiment of the paver spacer with pegs that fit into corresponding apertures on the base plate.

[0046] FIG. 24 illustrates an embodiment of two laminated wood pavers affixed to the base plate with spacers positioned between both pavers.

[0047] FIG. 25 is an overhead view of FIG. 24, according to one or more embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter.

[0048] FIG. 26 is a side view illustrating a spacer supporting the drip irrigation tubing and mounted on the base plate between two pavers with water storage systems below the pavers.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] These descriptions are presented with sufficient details to provide an understanding of one or more particular embodiments of broader inventive subject matters. These descriptions expound upon and exemplify particular features of those particular embodiments without limiting the inventive subject matters to the explicitly described embodiments and features. Considerations in view of these descriptions will likely give rise to additional and similar embodiments and features without departing from the scope of the inventive subject matters. Although the term “step” may be expressly used or implied relating to features of processes or methods, no implication is made of any particular order or sequence among such expressed or implied steps unless an order or sequence is explicitly stated.

[0050] Any dimensions expressed or implied in the drawings and these descriptions are provided for exemplary purposes. Thus, not all embodiments within the scope of the drawings and these descriptions are made according to such exemplary dimensions. The drawings are not made necessarily to scale. Thus, not all embodiments within the scope of the drawings and these descriptions are made according to the apparent scale of the drawings with regard to relative dimensions in the drawings. However, for each drawing, at least one embodiment is made according to the apparent relative scale of the drawing.

[0051] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which the presently disclosed subject matter pertains. Although any methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the presently disclosed subject matter, representative methods, devices, and materials are now described.

[0052] Following long-standing patent law convention, the terms “a”, “an”, and “the” refer to “one or more” when used in the subject specification, including the claims. Thus, for example, reference to “a device” can include a plurality of such devices, and so forth.

[0053] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of components, conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about”. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the instant specification and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the presently disclosed subject matter.

[0054] As used herein, the term “about”, when referring to a value or to an amount of mass, weight, time, volume, concentration, and / or percentage can encompass variations of, in some embodiments + / −20%, in some embodiments + / −10%, in some embodiments + / −5%, in some embodiments + / −1%, in some embodiments + / −0.5%, and in some embodiments + / −0.1%, from the specified amount, as such variations are appropriate in the presently disclosed subject matter.

[0055] The pavers 12 of the present system 10 are preferably constructed as laminated wood to provide increased strength and durability over a single piece of wood. To create a laminated wooden paver 12, multiple sections of wood are adhered or glued together to form a single paver. The laminated pavers are made up of at least three layers, (FIGS. 23 and 24 show four layers), which are formed by turning the natural fibers of the wood in different directions and then joining them together. The innermost support layer strengthens the overall structure of the material. Laminated wood is more flexible than most types of wood, thereby making it more resistant to natural disasters such as earthquakes or wind. Other advantages of laminated wood include higher thermal insulation, thereby saving energy; and laminated wood is lighter than other building materials, thereby making the paving system easier to transport and construct.

[0056] The plurality of wooden pavers 12 is not expected to absorb short-wave radiation during the day and thus, should not release long-wave radiation during the night, which could help to reduce the aforementioned effects of an urban heat island. Additionally, the aesthetic qualities are considerably more unique and potentially pleasing than methods of paving that involve concrete.

[0057] As was described above, soft woods are not typically suitable for paving without first undergoing some form of chemical treatment. The same is true of many common hardwoods. There are a number of exotic hardwoods that may be durable enough to be suitable for paving tiles, but many of those woods have a high oil content, and thus tend to be slippery when wet. High oil content can also prevent tropical hardwoods from accepting decorative colorants, such as stain. Additionally, non-sustainable harvesting methods and international trade restrictions make exotic hardwoods expensive and difficult to acquire.

[0058] In preferred embodiments of the paver system 10, the wooden pavers 12 are made of untreated black locust wood (Robinia pseudoacacia). Black locust wood is a domestically grown and sustainably harvested lumber well suited for the embodiments of the invention. Among the favorable properties of black locust wood are a Janka Hardness rating of 1,700 lbf, durability, and organic rot resistance. While the present inventor does not wish to be bound by any particular theory, the pores of black locust wood are typically filled with minerals instead of oil, which allows the wood to be especially durable and resistant to slip hazards while retaining some capacity to accept decorative stain. Given the favorable properties of black locust wood, it is believed that without any chemical treatment, the plurality of pavers 12 may last up to sixty years. Moreover, at the end of their useful life, the pavers 12 can be incinerated without significantly polluting the environment. Although the present inventor has found black locust wood to be appropriate for embodiments of the invention, woods having other properties suitable to the present system 10 could be used.

[0059] One advantage of using black locust lumber over pine or cedar is its durability. Pine and cedar are soft and will disintegrate in a short time, whereas black locust lumber can last 50-60 years. Because black locust outlasts concrete and other types of wood, the purchase of black locust lumber pavers 12 can be incentivized by the awarding of carbon credits. Solar reflectance rating, or albedo, is also higher for black locust wood because the natural grain of the locust ages to a silver grey color, which reflects light. This means that black locust lumber stays cooler than asphalt or other darker alternatives.

[0060] The present inventor has found it advantageous to use a cube-shaped hard wood paver 12, as that allows the installer to choose the most aesthetically presentable face of the paver 12 and position it accordingly during installation without changing the way that the pavers 12 fit together. Of course, depending on the application, the pavers 12 could be rectangular, cylindrical, or a variety of shapes. In some cases, the individual pavers 12 could be different shapes, for example, shapes that are intended to be complementary to one another and provide a geometric design in the paver system 10 surface.

[0061] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional depiction of the paver system 10 according to one or more embodiments as it may be implemented in a commercial or residential setting. Further details and embodiments of the system and its components are described throughout the Detailed Description; however, it should be understood that the paver system 10 of the present invention shall not be limited by or to the system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1. For the sake of clarity, various embodiments of the pavers 12 comprising the paver system 10 are referred to herein according to the technology or functionality of the paver. For example, “solar cell paver”, “sensor paver”, “high intensity lighting paver”, “standard lighting paver”, and “blank paver” are referred to throughout the description in accordance with their functionality and smart technology, although all these pavers 12 are included under the umbrella of “wooden paver” or “paver” of the present inventive system 10. “Technology” or “technologies” referred to herein include, but are not limited to, solar cells 20, sensors 86, high intensity light sources 96, and standard light sources 98. FIG. 12 best illustrates a representation of these various embodiments.

[0062] FIGS. 2-4 are exploded perspective views of one embodiment of the wooden pavers 12 and water receptacle 18. In this embodiment, the paver system 10 is comprised of a plurality of wooden pavers 12 constructed of untreated natural wood. In the illustrated embodiment, the pavers 12 have the form of tiles or blocks and incorporate photovoltaic (PV) solar cells 20 within the pavers 12. The solar cells 20 will be discussed further herein but can be used to generate solar energy for use in other applications. Elevated temperatures can negatively impact solar panel 20 efficiency and reduce energy production. Solar cells 20 lose between approximately 0.3-0.5% energy production power per degree Celsius at temperatures above 25 degrees C. (77 degrees F.); therefore, it would be advantageous to provide a cooling system to maintain maximum solar cell 20 efficiency at higher temperatures. The paver system 10 of the present invention utilizes evaporative cooling and provides a drip irrigation system 22 to maintain cooling and increase efficiency and longevity of the PV solar cell 20 system.

[0063] The drip irrigation 22 system is illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 5-8. FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded view of the pavers 12, drip irrigation tubing 24, a permeable underlayment 26 or paver base is shown beneath the pavers 12, and a water storage receptacle 18 sits below the pavers 12 to collect ground water as it permeates the pavers 12 and paver underlayment 26. FIGS. 6-8 show the drip irrigation tubing 24 disposed within the void space 30 between the pavers 12. FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-section of the drip irrigation tubing 24 disposed within the permeable medium 28 that fills the void space 30 between the pavers 12. The water receptacle 18 may be a cistern or a plurality of soakaway crates, for example, as shown in FIGS. 2-8. Soakaway crates clips together to form a box structure with an inlet that allows up to 97% of their occupied space to fill with water. The crates are wrapped in a permeable geotextile material that protects the system from debris. Soakaway crates can be used for infiltration, where the void created by the crates fills up with storm water during heavy rainfall conditions, and then drains away slowly into the drainage system. They can also be used as an attenuation scheme, where the water collected is slowly released back into a sewer system or existing watercourse to create a sustainable drainage system.

[0064] In the presently disclosed paver system 10, the drip irrigation tubing 24 provides a slow, steady supply of water to the wooden pavers 12 and the permeable medium 28 surrounding the pavers 12. During elevated temperatures and / or dry conditions, the drip irrigation system 22 and evaporative cooling decrease the temperature of the paver system 10. The water receptacles 18 (i.e. cistern, soakaway crates, etc.) collect and hold water that can be repurposed for many different uses. FIG. 1 illustrates that the water may originate from at least two different sources: groundwater collected from rain and other environmental sources, and greywater collected from sinks, showers, laundry machines, etc. These sources of water may be held in separate receptacles 18 and comprise independent filtration 34, treatment, and water pump 32 systems. Depending on the source of the water and its desired use after collection, the water may be filtered, treated, and re-delivered (or re-cycled) to the paver drip irrigation system 22, used for irrigation of green spaces, and even filtered and treated for use in toilets or for drinking water.

[0065] Drip irrigation systems 22 are generally known, and therefore the entirety of the drip irrigation system 22 need not be fully described herein. However, it is to be understood that the drip irrigation system 22 of the present invention may include the following components. A pump 32 may be operably connected from a pressurized water source such as water receptacles 18 shown in FIGS. 1-7 to the irrigation tubing 24 and is configured to deliver water to the irrigation tubing 24 and emitters. Alternative water sources may include greywater stored from nearby commercial and residential areas. High efficiency filters 34 and a reverse osmosis purifying unit for both input and output may be installed along the system 10 where needed to filter rainwater, salt water, and any other source of water. Sand beds may be provided to clean out heavy particulate and prevent clogging of the emitters. The system 10 includes a primary air compressor 36 configured to purge the irrigation lines in the event of freezing temperatures. For example, if the system 10 detects the external temperature has reached a predetermined reading (such as 40 degrees F.), the compressor 36 will be triggered to activate and deliver pressurized air into the lines, thereby forcing water out of the lines to prevent the lines from freezing. An additional portable air compressor 38 and compressed air stored in reserve air tanks may be provided as a back-up safety measure if the primary air compressor 36 fails. Pressure release valves are disposed at appropriate locations to prevent over pressurization of the system 10.

[0066] Various sensors 40 may be provided such as flow sensors 40 configured to monitor the rate of flow through the system, and safety sensors 40 to monitor temperature, air pressure, and any maintenance concerns. The sensors 40 are operably connected to a computer processor 41. A system of one or more computers can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of including instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions. A central maintenance control unit 42 may be provided to house the system pumps 32, filters 34, and sensors 40 that control the drip irrigation 22 and paver system 10.

[0067] As described previously, the pavers 12 are constructed preferably of wood and may or may not comprise a durable cap 16 to house various functionalities and technologies. FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-section of one embodiment of the wooden paver 12 without the durable cap 16. FIG. 11 illustrates an exploded view of one embodiment of the wooden paver 12 with the durable cap 16. Both embodiments comprise a wooden block 14 cut out in a support step 70 design as shown.

[0068] According to one or more embodiments, the wooden pavers 12 incorporate a solar cell 20 in the superior face 50, as shown in FIGS. 2-11. The pavers 12 may be mounted on a mounting base 44, comprised preferably a rigid aluminum base plate 46, and are modular in design. The solar cell pavers 12 are linked together with waterproof electric connections or quick connect wiring 81. The number of solar cells 20 per area can be changed in the overall paver 12 panel design. This can allow maximum solar generation (e.g. each block) or random solar cells 20 per area for extra slip resistance or decorative design.

[0069] FIG. 11 is an embodiment of a solar paver 12 of the present invention comprising the wooden base block 14 and the durable cap 16. FIG. 11 is an exploded view to illustrate exemplary assembly of the wooden paver 12 with durable cap 16. A wooden block 14 is shown with a chamber 48 (or recess) cut out centrally in the superior face 50 of the block 14 to support placement of the technology or functionality of the paver 12. An anti-splitting plate 52 may be affixed (using liquid rubber, threaded fasteners, etc.) to the inferior face 54 of the paver 12 to prevent splitting or warping of the wood and increase the durability and longevity of the paver 12. A second anti-splitting plate 52 may be affixed around the border of the chamber 48 of the block 14, followed by a collar 56 preferably constructed of aluminum. In the solar cell paver 12, a solar cell 20 is seated within the aluminum collar 56 followed by a transparent covering 58 such as a weight-bearing walkable glass. The solar cell 20 and transparent covering 58 are layered to sit flush within the aluminum collar 56. A wear plate 60 is affixed to the superior face 50 of the paver. The wear plate 60 is preferably constructed of stainless steel, however any other suitable, durable material may be used. Depending on the materials selected for construction of the durable cap 16, such as aluminum and stainless steel, corrosion may develop. To inhibit galvanic reaction of potentially incompatible materials, a gasket 62 may be disposed between the components (i.e. the stainless steel wear plate 60 and the aluminum collar 56 piece) to prevent corrosion. Preferably antitheft security screws 64 or any other suitable fasteners 64 are used to attach the durable cap 16 components to the wooden block 14. FIG. 11 shows at least one hole drilled in each corner of the superior face 50 and at least two holes drilled in each corner of the inferior face 54 of the block 14. A threaded insert 66 may be disposed in each hole to receive a threaded fastener 64. Stabilizing inserts 68 may be affixed within the chamber 48 in optimal locations to prevent twisting of the wood block 14 and durable cap 16. A truck or vehicle axle during steering can exert strong turning forces, and a stabilizing insert can provide increased strength and protection from potential lateral forces.

[0070] Aluminum is the preferred material for use in the durable cap 16 due to its heat conductivity. It will draw heat away from the solar cell 20 and facilitate cooling of the paver system 10, especially when the aluminum materials become wet from rain or the drip irrigation system 22.

[0071] It is contemplated that the durable cap 16 is removable and interchangeable from the wooden block base 14. For example, the solar cell 20 cap of a solar cell paver 12 may simply be removed from the wooden base block 14 and replaced with a sensor 86 cap, rather than removing the solar cell paver 12 in its entirety to replace with a sensor paver 12. This interchangeability allows for easy repair and / or replacement of the pavers 12 as well as provides an easy solution to adding or removing smart functionalities as needed or desired for the paver system 10.

[0072] In the embodiment illustrated by FIG. 10, each block 14 may be cut out in a support step 70 design as shown to allow the placement of a solar cell 20 with transparent covering 58 affixed superior to the solar cell 20. This step 70 design allows the block 14 to be load bearing capable of supporting pedestrians and vehicle traffic. The top covering 58 comprises an anti-slip manufacture such as laser-etching 72 to make the surface as slip resistant as possible and within relevant building codes.

[0073] The interior of the chamber 48 is lined with a reflective material 74 (e.g. aluminum foil) as shown in FIG. 10, to focus the light rays on to the surface of the solar cell 20 to increase solar efficiency. Depending on the functionality of the paver 12, such as solar cell 20, lighting 96&98 sensors 86, etc., at least one circuit board 76 is mounted within the chamber 48 of the paver 12 for operable connectivity of the technology (i.e. the solar cell 20 in FIG. 10). Apertures 78 for wiring placement may be disposed where needed or desired, such as a plurality of apertures 78 on a sidewall 80 of the paver 12, the base 54 of the paver 12, or both. A wiring harness 82 with a plurality of wiring circuits may be installed in the paver 12 for easily connecting and disconnecting the pavers 12 to one another as well as adding, removing, and / or updating the technology and functionalities of the paver 12 itself.

[0074] In the shown embodiment of FIG. 10, the individual pavers 12 are drilled and grooved in four directions (or apertures 78) to allow for wire placement. FIG. 12 shows a plurality of apertures 78 in the durable cap 16 for wire placement. This allows for commonality in paver 12 placement on the mounting base 44. The pavers 12 are linked together with waterproof electric connections or quick connect wiring 81 as described earlier. The apertures 78 may be filled with silicone to create a waterproof plug while allowing for expansion of the wood.

[0075] The paver system 10 comprises a battery 43 operably connected to the solar 20 pavers 12 to store energy generated by the solar cells 20. The electricity generated by the solar cells 20 can be used to power additional functionalities of the paver system 10 (i.e. sensors 86, lighting 96&98, etc.), thereby creating a self-sustaining and self-powering paver system 10. Additionally, a battery 43 may be operably connected to the paver system 10 to provide electricity to nearby residential or commercial utilities.

[0076] FIG. 13 illustrates an exploded view of a solar 20 paver 12 that further comprises a wedge 84 to pitch the solar cell 20 at an angle. The wedge 84 may be constructed of plastic, wood, or any other suitable material. The wedge 84 can be placed or mounted in the paver chamber 48, whereby the solar cell 20 is seated between the wedge 84 and the transparent covering 58. The pitch of the solar cell 20 may be adjusted based on the latitude of the installation site. By tilting the angle of the solar cell 20 to optimize sun exposure, the solar gain and efficiency of the cell 20 is increased. The north-south-latitude wedge 84 provides the ability to angle the solar cells 20 while maintaining a flat walkable surface to the pavers 12.

[0077] According to one or more embodiments, sensors 86 may be used to collect a plethora of data from the paver system 10. The sensors 86 may be wired or wireless. Operable electrical connectivity is provided as described earlier with respect to circuit boards 76 and quick connect wiring 81. Such data may include readings on temperature, moisture, humidity, time of day, traffic count, vibrational readings, for example. The wireless data may be transmitted to a computer processor 41 for analysis and / or stored in the cloud for information retrieval. A system of one or more computers can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of including instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions.

[0078] In preferred embodiments, the sensors 86 can transmit data to a wireless network. Data may be retrieved and / or displayed on a computer or smart device, such as a smart phone or tablet. This wireless capability provides access to and monitoring of sensor 86 data from any location.

[0079] Temperature information can be used to prevent injury caused by surface activity and conditions (e.g. slipping due to snow and / or ice). The wireless data can be transmitted to the computer processor 41 where it can be displayed or communicated to a user in a readable format. During freezing or near-freezing temperatures, the data can be utilized to facilitate proper snow removal or deicing. A heating element such as radiant heating cables or tubing may be installed in the paver system 10. This heating element may be powered by electricity created by the solar cell pavers 12, thereby creating a self-sustaining system. Near-freezing temperatures can trigger a sensor 86 to activate the heating element to prevent accumulation of snow or ice. This information can greatly contribute to reducing possible slip and fall accidents.

[0080] During higher temperatures, the temperature data and moisture and ground-water level data can be utilized to trigger activation of the drip irrigation system 22 to cool the paver system 10. The sensors 86 provide automatic control of the drip irrigation system 22. Water may be saved by cycling the natural rainwater that has permeated into the soil and collected in the rainwater receptacles 18.

[0081] Traffic count and vibration sensors 86 may be installed under or within the pavers in areas where activity counting is desired. The sensor 86 has the ability to count pedestrians, bikes, and vehicles in a non-visible, protected environment. This information is useful for city planning, design, and maintenance of public spaces. Furthermore, traffic flows and volumes and city services requirement data can be determined as well. The flow and volume of traffic can be recorded to help cities prioritize maintenance and repairs. Vibrational data can further be used to monitor natural disasters such as earthquakes and high winds.

[0082] The sensors 86 may be operably connected to a circuit board 76 mounted inside the paver 12 and / or may operate wirelessly through Bluetooth or other wireless means. The sensor(s) 76 are preferably affixed within the chamber 48 of the wooden paver 14 or paver cap 16. Alternatively, the sensor(s) 86 may be affixed to an outer sidewall 80 or inferior face 54 (i.e. base) of the paver 12. FIG. 10 illustrates a moisture sensor 86 operably connected and affixed to an outer sidewall 80 of the wooden paver 12 to determine the moisture level of the permeable medium 28. In FIG. 10, a ground temperature sensor 86 and moisture water level sensor probe 86 are operably connected and affixed to the inferior face 54 of the paver 12.

[0083] FIG. 14 is an exploded view of a preferred embodiment of the sensor paver 12 with durable cap 16. Assembly of the wooden paver 12 with cap 16 is described with reference to FIG. 11. The chamber 48 of the sensor paver 12 is preferably lined with liquid rubber for water resistance. Drainage holes or apertures 88 may be placed strategically in the rubber lining to allow water to drain. The durable cap 16 comprises a slotted section 92 to allow the sensor 86 to detect moisture, rain, and temperature. In preferred embodiments, an insect screen 94 constructed of mesh or another suitable material is disposed between the sensor 86 compartment and the slotted section 92 of the cap 16. The cap 16 is preferably constructed of aluminum and may be fastened to the wooden portion 14 of the paver 12 via threaded fasteners 64 or the like. In a preferred embodiment of the paver system 10, there is one sensor paver 12 per 100 square feet of area. However, this frequency may be increased or decreased as needed or desired.

[0084] The pavers 12 of the present invention may comprise an adjustable light source 96, 98 and intelligent lighting mechanisms. FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate embodiments of lighting 96, 98 that may be incorporated in the paver 12. The high intensity lighting paver 12 and standard lighting paver 12 are assembled as described with reference to FIG. 11, utilizing a transparent covering 58 or walkable glass surface with a light source 96, 98 mounted below. The light source 96, 98 may be a smart lighting system that can be controlled wirelessly via a smart device, thereby providing remote control of the light on / off, intensity of the light, and lighting patterns. A circuit board 76 and wiring harness 82 may be mounted within the chamber 48, as described herein, and the light source 96, 98 may be powered by a central battery 43 operably connected to the solar pavers 12 or another source of power. Alternatively, the lighting pavers 12 may incorporate a solar cell 20 thereby creating a combined solar lighting paver 12, and the solar cell 20 may supply power to the light source 96, 98. The lighting pavers 12 may be programmed to operate similarly to an automatic street light. For example, a light-dependent resistor or sensor can differentiate day and night, powering the light on automatically as the sun goes down. The circuit thus saves electrical power as well as manpower.

[0085] Lighting patterns, colors, and intensities may be programmed by a computer or smart device. A system of one or more computers can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of having software, firmware, hardware, or a combination of them installed on the system that in operation causes or cause the system to perform the actions. One or more computer programs can be configured to perform particular operations or actions by virtue of including instructions that, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the actions.

[0086] FIG. 15 is an exploded view of a paver embodiment for high intensity light 96, preferably LED, that is seated within the chamber 48 of the paver 12 and durable cap 16. In one or more embodiments, a sloped surface 97 may be cut into the cap for receiving a high intensity LED light 96. The light 96 can be used for various purposes such as to direct pedestrians or vehicles, to indicate directional pathways, or to alert one of road hazards. This high intensity light 96 may be programmed to flash or remain solid, and different colors of light 96 may be incorporated. For example, the light 96 can flash green, yellow, or red to alert a driver of road conditions.

[0087] FIG. 16 illustrates an exploded view of a paver 12 that can be used for standard lighting 98. The paver 12 may be assembled as described previously, and the standard light 98 may be used for accent lighting, garden lighting, or the like. It is contemplated that the standard lighting paver 12 may be used for traffic control. For example, if a driver enters a dark parking lot, the pavers may illuminate a pathway and parking spot for easy visibility for the driver. Or if a truck is entering a port, smart technology can be used to program the pavers 12 to illuminate the appropriate loading or unloading points for the driver.

[0088] The paver system 10 also includes paver 12“blanks” for areas where smart technology is not needed or desired. The blank pavers 12 incorporate the features of the drip irrigation system 22 but do not house technologies such as solar cells 20, lighting 96, 98, or sensors 86 of the smart paver embodiments described herein. An exemplary blank paver 12 is illustrated by FIG. 17. The blank paver 12 is preferably comprised of a laminated wood block 14 with a notch 100 carved into the superior face 50 edge of the block 14. A collar 102 preferably constructed from stainless steel is heated to expand the metal, then fitted around the notch 100 in the block 14. The hot metal is then quenched with water to shrink-fit the collar 102 around the notch 100 in the block 14. The collar 102 sits flush with the sidewall faces 80 of the paver 12 and is held in place through frictional engagement. An anti-splitting plate 52 may be affixed to the inferior face 54 of the paver 12 through the use of liquid rubber and / or threaded fasteners 64 (shown in FIGS. 11 and 19). The steel collar 102 and anti-splitting plate 52 prevent delamination of the paver 12 and increase strength, durability, and longevity of the paver 12.

[0089] According to one or more embodiments, the paver system 10 of the present invention is assembled by mounting the pavers 12 on a mounting base 44. The mounting base 44 is preferably comprised of a rigid base plate 46 constructed preferably of aluminum, as shown in FIG. 18, and a permeable medium 28 disposed between the pavers 12. The plurality of wooden pavers 12 could be placed directly in or on the ground; however, the present inventor has found that mounting the pavers on a base plate 46 can be advantageous for keeping the pavers 12 appropriately placed during installation. Further advantages to a rigid base plate 46 include ease and efficiency of installation of the paver system 10. It is more efficient to install a mounting base 44 that includes a plurality of pavers 12 rather than installing a single paver 12 at a time. It is further advantageous and preferable to use a rigid base plate rather than a more flexible backing (such as wire mesh) since flexible mounting bases have been found to flex and crimp during installation and have a tendency to curl at the edges. After installation, the mounting base 44 provides space to allow water to permeate the finished installation.

[0090] In one or more embodiments, the base plate 46 comprises paver block attachment points 106, paver spacer attachment points 108, and apertures 110 to allow permeability. The mounting area for each paver 12 may be arranged in an alternating numerical pattern (for example, 4×3×4×3 in FIG. 18) to provide a base plate 46 shape that includes male-female-interlocking fit with respect to an adjacent mounting base 44. In one or more embodiments, the mounting base 44 can mount up to fourteen pavers 12 using attachment points 106 that correspond to threaded inserts 66 of the inferior face 54, or base, of the paver block 12. The threaded inserts 66 facilitate easy attachment and removal of the paver 12 to and from the base plate 46 for repairs and paver 12 interchangeability. This number of fourteen pavers 12 can be increased or decreased as needed, provided the base plate 46 is a manageable size for transporting and installing in a preferred location.

[0091] FIG. 19 illustrates a base plate 46 and a paver 12 with the inferior face 54 shown to illustrate two threaded inserts 66 per corner, for alignment with corresponding paver attachment points 106 on the base plate 46. Threaded fasteners 64 may be used to affix the pavers 12 to the base plate 46.

[0092] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of installed pavers 12 affixed to the base plate 46. The permeability of the overall paved surface is derived from void spaces, generally indicated at 30, which allow groundwater to infiltrate beneath paver system 10. The void spaces 30 of this embodiment may be filled with a permeable medium 28, so as to help maintain an appropriate void space 30 and allow water to pass between pavers 12. The void space 30 could be ⅜″ in one embodiment of the invention, but the spacing is not critical so long as it allows water to permeate and is not so large that it creates an uneven surface. However, regulatory requirements in effect in particular locales may specify minimum or maximum spacings (e.g., ½ inch space) between pavers 12 in order to maintain an even, easily navigable surface for wheelchair users. The void space 30 could be filled with any number of materials to maintain the space.

[0093] The paving system may have trass bedding (such as ROMEX®) or another suitable permeable mortar as the permeable medium 28. The paving system 12 may have gravel or a plurality of layers of gravel as the permeable medium 28. The gravel may be of different sizes, arranged in graduated sizes of gravel, with small gravel maintaining the void spaces 30 and larger layers of gravel underneath. The paving system 10 may have one or more layers of gravel or rock beneath the wood pavers 12, the one or more layers of gravel or rock being progressively coarser than the gravel of the permeable medium 28. The paving system 10 may also include one or more layers of underlayment 26 beneath base plate 46, the one or more layers of underlayment 26 having graduated sizes or porosities.

[0094] FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment of a top view of pavers 12 installed on the base plate 46. This assembly includes sensor pavers 12 and blank pavers 12. From this perspective, the spacer attachment points 108 and the apertures 110 for permeability are more easily shown. FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 21. In a preferred embodiment, the base plate 46 includes at least one ground anchor 116, and more preferably four, protruding from the inferior surface of the base plate 104. These ground anchors 116 are driven into the ground to prevent forward movement or slippage of the base plate 46 paver 12 assembly on hills or as a result of heavy truck breaking.

[0095] Spacers 117 may be positioned between the pavers 12 when mounted on the base plate 46 to provide uniformity of the paver 12 spacing and to provide support for the drip irrigation tubing 24. One embodiment of a spacer 117 is shown in FIG. 23. One end of the spacer 117 preferably comprises a cradle 118 or concave portion for receiving and supporting the drip irrigation tubing 24 with an opposing end of the spacer 117 comprising a plurality of legs 120 or protrusions. These legs 120 are configured to fit within the spacer attachment points 108 of the base plate 46. The spacer 117 may be textured (i.e. like sandpaper) to better grip the wood paver 12 and irrigation tubing 24 through frictional engagement. FIGS. 24 and 25 show spacers 117 positioned between the pavers 12 and mounted on a base plate 46.

[0096] FIG. 26 is a side view of a spacer 117 mounted on the base plate 46 between two pavers 12 and supporting the drip irrigation tubing 24. FIG. 26 further illustrates exemplary water storage systems 18 of the paving system 10 according to one or more embodiments. As rainwater soaks through the permeable medium 28 (not shown) disposed between the pavers 12, it may be filtered, treated, and collected in a rainwater storage receptacle 18 and cycled back to the drip irrigation system 22 using the pump(s) 32 housed in the maintenance control unit 42. The filtered and treated rainwater may also be used for garden irrigation or other residential and commercial uses (as shown in FIG. 1). Greywater may be collected from greywater sources such as sinks, showers, and washing machines and then filtered, treated, and collected in a greywater storage receptacle 18. The greywater can also be cycled to the drip irrigation system 22 using the pump(s) 32 housed in the maintenance control unit 42.

[0097] Particular embodiments and features have been described with reference to the drawings. It is to be understood that these descriptions are not limited to any single embodiment or any particular set of features, and that similar embodiments and features may arise or modifications and additions may be made without departing from the scope of these descriptions and the spirit of the appended claims.

[0098] These and other changes can be made to the disclosure in light of the above Detailed Description. While the above description describes certain embodiments of the disclosure, and describes the best mode contemplated, no matter how detailed the above appears in text, the teachings can be practiced in many ways. Details of the system may vary considerably in its implementation details, while still being encompassed by the subject matter disclosed herein. As noted above, particular terminology used when describing certain features or aspects of the disclosure should not be taken to imply that the terminology is being redefined herein to be restricted to any specific characteristics, features, or aspects of the disclosure with which that terminology is associated. In general, the terms used in the following claims should not be construed to limit the disclosure to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, unless the above Detailed Description section explicitly defines such terms. Accordingly, the actual scope of the disclosure encompasses not only the disclosed embodiments, but also all equivalent ways of practicing or implementing the disclosure under the claims.

[0099] While the invention has been described with respect to certain exemplary embodiments, the embodiments are intended to be illuminating rather than limiting. Modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A paving system, comprising:a mounting base;a plurality of interchangeable wooden pavers arranged in a defined pattern relative to one another and affixed to the mounting base and creating void spaces therebetween;a permeable medium disposed between the wood pavers and filling the void spaces;a drip irrigation system comprising at least one water line and a plurality of emitters disposed between the wood pavers and within the permeable medium;whereby activation of the drip irrigation system cools the paving system during high temperatures; andwhereby water used during activation of the drip irrigation system is recycled back to the drip irrigation system and stored for additional uses.

2. The paving system of claim 1 further comprising a receptacle disposed below the mounting base for collecting water, the receptacle having at least one line operably connected to the drip irrigation system for recycling water from the receptacle to the drip irrigation system.

3. The paving system of claim 1 further including a maintenance control unit comprising:at least one water pump operably connected to at least one water source and configured to deliver water from the water source to the drip irrigation system;at least one filter operably connected to the drip irrigation system;at least one air compressor operably connected to the drip irrigation system for purging the irrigation system with air; andat least one sensor operably connected to the drip irrigation system for monitoring maintenance and safety of the drip irrigation system.

4. The paving system of claim 3, wherein the at least one water source is a greywater storage tank, whereby greywater is delivered from at least one greywater source through at least one line operably connected from the at least one greywater source to the greywater storage tank, and whereby the greywater is delivered from the greywater storage tank to the drip irrigation system.

5. The paving system of claim 1, wherein at least one solar cell is embedded within at least one paver from the plurality of wooden pavers.

6. The paving system of claim 5, wherein the at least one solar cell is disposed on a wedge configured for positioning the solar cell at an angle.

7. The paving system of claim 1, wherein at least one sensor is embedded within at least one paver from the plurality of wooden pavers.

8. The paving system of claim 1, wherein at least one light source is embedded within at least one paver from the plurality of wooden pavers.

9. The paving system of claim 1, wherein at least one paver from the plurality of wooden pavers comprises a collar to increase strength and durability of the paver.

10. The paving system of claim 9, whereby the collar is constructed of steel and is heat shrunk around the paver and held in place through frictional engagement.

11. The paving system of claim 1, wherein a proportion of the plurality of wooden pavers each comprise an interchangeable durable cap.

12. The paving system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of wooden pavers are constructed of laminated wood.

13. The paving system of claim 1, wherein the wooden pavers are constructed of untreated black locust wood.

14. The paving system of claim 1, wherein at least one paver from the plurality of wooden pavers comprises:a wooden block portion comprising a superior face, and inferior face, a plurality of sidewalls, and a chamber positioned centrally in the superior face of the wooden block;a durable cap affixed to the superior face of the wooden base, the durable cap having a superior face that forms the superior face of the wooden paver;an anti-splitting plate affixed to the inferior face of the wooden base; andat least one technology housed within the chamber and the durable cap.

15. The paving system of claim 14, wherein the technology comprises:a solar cell seated within the chamber;a reflective material coating at least a portion of the chamber; anda transparent covering disposed superior to the solar cell and within the durable cap such that the transparent covering is flush with the superior face of the durable cap, thereby forming a flat superior face of the wooden paver.

16. The paving system of claim 14, wherein the technology comprises:a light source with adjustable intensity disposed within the chamber; anda wired connection extending between the light source and a power source.

17. The paving system of claim 14, wherein the technology comprises:a sensor disposed within the chamber;wherein the chamber is coated with a water resistant lining, and the water resistant lining comprises at least one aperture for water drainage; andwherein the durable cap has a plurality of slots in the superior face; anda mesh material disposed between the sensor and the slotted face of the durable cap.

18. The paving system of claim 1, wherein the mounting base comprises:at least one rigid base plate having a plurality of apertures for permeability;a plurality of spacers for maintaining the void spaces, whereby the spacers are configured to support the at least one water line of the drip irrigation system;whereby the base plate further comprises:a plurality of attachment points for attaching at least one paver;a plurality of attachment points for attaching at least one spacer; andat least one ground anchor extending from the base plate.

19. A paving system, comprising:a mounting base comprising a rigid base plate;a plurality of wooden pavers arranged in a defined pattern relative to one another and affixed to the mounting base and creating void spaces therebetween;a permeable medium disposed between the wood pavers and filling the void spaces;a drip irrigation system disposed between the wood pavers and within the permeable medium; andwherein a proportion of the plurality of wooden pavers comprises a combination of at least two technologies embedded within the pavers of the proportion.

20. A method of creating a self-sustaining solar paving system comprising the steps of:providing a plurality of wooden pavers;arranging the plurality of wooden pavers on a mounting base in a defined pattern relative to one another and creating void spaces therebetween;filling the void spaces with a permeable medium;installing a drip irrigation system within the void spaces;providing a water receptacle for collecting groundwater and operably connecting the water receptacle to the drip irrigation system;recycling groundwater from the water receptacle to the drip irrigation system;incorporating solar cells in at least a proportion of the plurality of wooden pavers and operably connecting the solar cells to a central battery;incorporating technology in at least a proportion of the plurality of wooden pavers, whereby the technology is operably connected to the central battery and powered by the electricity generated by the solar cells.

Images