Artificial Intelligence Pressure Control Liquid Control Liquid-to-gas Conversion Method

Abstract

Electron exchangers are placed in the conversion cell and divide it into cathode gas chamber, liquid conversion solution chamber, and anode gas chamber. A liquid controller may be placed in the liquid conversion solution chamber, and the liquid controller may comprise track injection sheets or other types of sheets. Voltage is applied to the electron exchangers to convert the liquid conversion solution to gases, and gases are released directly to the gas chambers. The track injection sheets may have tracks and puncture channels on the surfaces, and may be manufactured with one or more precision technologies. A computing engine may be responsible for artificial intelligence calculations, and may control valves, sensors, servo motors, and gas flow enhancing devices. In producing the same amount of product gases, our method may be energy efficient.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 18 / 233,123, filed on Aug. 11, 2023, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 429,919, filed on Dec. 2, 2022.

[0002] The entire disclosures of each of the above-identified applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present invention relates to liquid to gas conversion method with an electrical voltage, specifically to such a method which is energy efficient.BACKGROUND ART

[0004] It is known in the prior art that liquid-to-gas conversion is commonly achieved by the application of a voltage to a liquid conversion solution through two pieces of conductive materials to produce final gases. With two pieces of conductive materials immersed in the liquid conversion solution, as anode and cathode, the conductive materials are under direct contact with the liquid conversion solution. Electrons are exchanged between these conductive materials and the liquid conversion solution, and final gases are released as bubbles from the immersed conductive materials. The gases float upward from the liquid conversion solution to the gas chambers above. This prior process is generally not energy efficient.SUMMARY

[0005] Our method provides an energy efficient liquid-to-gas conversion using artificial intelligence pressure control liquid control conversion cell.DRAWINGS—FIGURES

[0006] 1) FIG. 1: Liquid controller, composed of controller sheets stacked together

[0007] 2) FIG. 2: Liquid-to-gas conversion cell

[0008] 3) FIG. 3: Stacking of conversion cells

[0009] 4) FIG. 4: Design patterns for puncture channels

[0010] 5) FIG. 5: Track injection sheetDRAWINGS—REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0011] 100: Liquid controller

[0012] 110: Liquid control sheets or mesh material sheets P1120: Track injection sheets P1210: Cathode gas chamber P1220: Anode gas chamber P1230: Liquid conversion solution chamber filled with the liquid controller P1240: Cathode electron exchanger P1250: Anode electron exchanger P1260: Liquid reservoir

[0013] 270: Liquid conversion solution

[0014] 280: Liquid flow valve P1290: Liquid content sensor

[0015] 300: Hygrometer

[0016] 310: Microprocessor (MCU) P1320: Gas flow sensor P1330: Temperature sensor and gas pressure sensor P1340: Servo motor P1350: Gas cleaning cell P1360: Gas cleaning liquid P1370: Gas flow enhancing device P1410: Liquid-to-gas conversion cell P1500: Track injection sheet P1510: Sheet inlets at the track injection sheet P1520: Track of the track injection sheet P1530: Puncture channels of the track injection sheetDESCRIPTION

[0017] The present disclosure relates to a liquid-to-gas conversion method.

[0018] In some embodiments, an anode electron exchanger and a cathode electron exchanger may be placed in a liquid-to-gas conversion cell, and the conversion cell may be divided by the cathode and anode electron exchangers into, respectively, a cathode gas chamber, a liquid conversion solution chamber, and an anode gas chamber.

[0019] In some embodiments, a liquid controller may be placed in the liquid conversion solution chamber. A liquid conversion solution may be stored in a liquid reservoir, and the liquid conversion solution may be fed to the liquid controller. The electron exchangers may each be configured with one conductive side and one nonconductive side. The nonconductive side of the electron exchangers may face the liquid conversion solution chamber, and the conductive side of the electron exchangers may face the gas chambers. The surfaces of the electron exchangers may be formed with a number of holes that may allow the liquid conversion solution to pass through the electron exchangers. Voltage may be applied to the anode electron exchanger and the cathode electron exchanger, and electrons may be exchanged with the liquid conversion solution on the conductive sides facing the gas chambers. The liquid conversion solution may be converted into product gases that may be released separately into the cathode gas chamber and the anode gas chamber. Gases may pass through the two gas chambers outlets to inlets of optional cathode gas cleaning cells and optional anode gas cleaning cells. Gas cleaning cells may be filled with gas cleaning liquid. Gas bubbles may rise from the gas inlets of the gas cleaning cells to the gas outlets at the top of the gas cleaning cells. Solvent may be added to the liquid conversion solution to ionize the molecules of the liquid conversion solution.

[0020] In some embodiments, the liquid controller may be configured by stacking one or more controller sheets, wherein the controller sheets may be nonconductive and may comprise one or more of the following: one or more track injection sheets, one or more liquid control sheets, and one or more mesh material sheets. See FIG. 1.

[0021] In some embodiments, the liquid conversion solution may be fed to the liquid inlets of the liquid controller, wherein the liquid inlets may comprise one or more of the following: one or more sheet inlets of the track injection sheets, one or more sheet inlets of the liquid control sheets, and one or more sheet inlets of the mesh material sheets.

[0022] In some embodiments, each track injection sheet may comprise one or more tracks, and may comprise one or more puncture channels on the surface, see FIG. 5. The tracks may form a network of one or more distribution channels extending from the sheet inlets to one or more locations across the track injection sheet. The track distribution network may facilitate distribution of the liquid conversion solution across the track injection sheet, see FIG. 4. The puncture channels may follow one or more design patterns that may improve abilities of the track injection sheets to retain the liquid conversion solution.

[0023] In some embodiments, each liquid control sheet may comprise one or more puncture channels on the surface. The puncture channels may follow one or more design patterns, see FIG. 4, which may improve abilities of the liquid control sheets to retain the liquid conversion solution.

[0024] In some embodiments, each mesh material sheet may be configured with meshed structures that may comprise one or more pores. The mesh structures may improve abilities of the mesh material sheets to retain the liquid conversion solution.

[0025] In some embodiments, the different controller sheets may be stacked together, and the puncture channels on adjacent controller sheets may be kept out of alignment with each other. In other words, the puncture channels from adjacent controller sheets may be positioned at different positions from each other, and may form interlocking channel patterns. These optional interlocks may improve abilities of the liquid controller to retain the liquid conversion solution.

[0026] In some embodiments, the track injection sheets and the liquid control sheets may be manufactured by a combination of technologies that may comprise one or more of the following: chemical etching, plasma etching, laser drilling or electroforming processes.

[0027] In some embodiments, chemical etching may be applied to a piece of conductive material of the desired specification, wherein chemicals may remove selected portions of the material to form the tracks or puncture channels.

[0028] In some embodiments, plasma etching may be applied to a nonconductive polymer material, wherein plasma may remove selected portions of the nonconductive polymer material to form the tracks or puncture channels.

[0029] In some embodiments, laser drilling may be used, wherein a piece of conductive or non-conductive material may be repeatedly exposed to pulsed focused laser energy to form the tracks or puncture channels.

[0030] In some embodiments, electroforming may be used to fabricate nanometer-scale or micrometer-scale metal structures by electrodepositing on a pattern referred to as a mandrel. A conductive material may be electrodeposited on the mandrel to form the controller sheets, the tracks, and the puncture channels.

[0031] In some embodiments, the mesh material sheet may be nonconductive and may be manufactured by precision material woven technology.

[0032] In some embodiments, the controller sheets may initially comprise conductive material, the puncture channels may be made by one or more of the above processes, and surfaces of the conductive material may be coated with a nonconductive polymer material to make the controller sheets nonconductive.

[0033] In some embodiments, the combination of various physical parameters, the design of different types of controller sheets, the stacking of the controller sheets, the design of the tracks, and the design of the puncture channels may affect the ability of the liquid controller to retain or control the flow of the liquid conversion solution, and may affect how the liquid conversion solution forms thin films on critical surfaces of the controller sheet. The thickness of the controller sheet, the spacing between adjacent controller sheets, sizes of the tracks, sizes of the puncture channels, and distances separating the channels may not be too large or too small, in some embodiments, the above dimensions may be within the range of nanometers to micrometers, and may be calculated by the following method.

[0034] In some embodiments, the liquid conversion solution may remain on the critical surfaces of the controller sheets as droplets. The droplets may diffuse until a partial wetting equilibrium contact radius is reached. For a simple estimation calculation, the droplet radius r may optionally be calculated as:r=Vπ⁢h,where: h=2⁢σ⁡(1-cos⁢θ)ρ⁢g;σ represents surface tension;

[0036] g represents gravitational acceleration constant;

[0037] θ represents contact angle between the liquid and a surface

[0038] h represents droplet height;

[0039] V represents droplet volume.

[0040] In some embodiments, using a more detailed model and calculations, the change in droplet radius r(t) over time may optionally be calculated as:r⁡(t)=re[1-exp⁡(-(2⁢γLGre12+ρ⁢g9⁢re10)⁢24⁢λ⁢V4(t+t0)π2⁢η)]16

[0041] In some embodiments, assuming perfect spreading of the liquid conversion molecules, a radius in perfect spread over time rp(t) may optionally be calculated as:rρ⁡(t)=[(γLG⁢96⁢λ⁢V4π2⁢η⁢(t+t0))12+(λ⁡(t+t0)η)23⁢24⁢ρ⁢g⁢V837·9613⁢π43⁢γLG13]16where:

[0043] γ represents a surface tension coefficient;

[0044] γLG represents a surface tension term;

[0045] V represents droplet volume;

[0046] η represents liquid viscosity;

[0047] ρ represents liquid density;

[0048] g represents gravitational acceleration constant;

[0049] λ represents shape factor;

[0050] t0 represents experimental delay time;

[0051] re represents radius of the droplet at equilibrium.

[0052] In some embodiments, the width of each track on the track injection sheet may be larger than r(t) or rp(t), and for example, may be approximately 500% to 5,000% of r(t) or rp(t).

[0053] In some embodiments, for the track injection sheet or the liquid control sheet, the spacing between adjacent puncture channels, for example, may be approximately 100% to 200% of the droplet radius.

[0054] In some embodiments, for the track injection sheet or the liquid control sheet, the radius of the puncture channel may be no larger than r(t) or rp(t).

[0055] In some embodiments, the radius of the pores in the mesh material sheet may be no larger than r(t) or rp(t).

[0056] For example, in common liquid conversion solution materials, the width of each track may be approximately 500 micrometers to 5,000 micrometers, and the diameter of the pores and puncture channels may be approximately 100 nanometers to 100 micrometers. The sizes of the pores, the width of the tracks, and the sizes of the puncture channels may be adjusted based on the operating temperature, air pressure, as well as the desired gas production level.

[0057] On the same controller sheet, widths of the tracks and sizes of the puncture channels may be different. Sizes may be smaller or larger depending on whether corresponding locations are closer to or farther away from a source of the liquid conversion solution.

[0058] For different types of controller sheets, the thickness and the distance between adjacent sheets may optionally be calculated according to the following relationship:

[0059] The height h of a liquid column is given ash=2⁢γcos⁢θρ⁢grwhere:

[0061] γ represents liquid-air surface tension coefficient (force / unit length);

[0062] Θ represents contact angle;

[0063] ρ represents density of liquid;

[0064] g represents gravitational acceleration constant;

[0065] r represents radius of liquid column.

[0066] In some embodiments, for different types of controller sheets, the thickness of the controller sheets may be no greater than h. For example, in common liquid conversion solution materials, the thickness of the sheets may be approximately 100 nanometers to 100 micrometers. The thickness may be adjusted according to the operating temperature, air pressure, as well as the desired gas production level.

[0067] In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent controller sheets may be approximately greater than 50% to 100% of h. For example, in some common liquid conversion solution materials, the spacing between individual sheets may be approximately between 50 nanometers and 100 micrometers. The spacing may be adjusted according to the operating temperature, air pressure, as well as the desired gas production level.

[0068] In some embodiments, the liquid conversion cell may be connected to a computing engine, which may be configured with one or more computing devices connected through one or more computer networks, to perform one or more artificial intelligence calculations to generate executable commands or machine-readable data. The computing devices may comprise one or more of the following: one or more microprocessors, one or more local computers, one or more remote computers, and one or more cloud computers. The computer networks may comprise one or more of the following: one or more local networks, one or more wide area networks, one or more wired networks, one or more wireless networks, and the Internet. Data may be shared among the computing devices via the computer networks to perform the one or more artificial intelligence calculations.

[0069] In some embodiments, the computing engine may be connected to one or more field devices that may comprise one or more of the following: one or more liquid flow valves, one or more gas flow valves, one or more gas flow enhancing devices, one or more sensors, and one or more height servo motors. The one or more sensors may comprise one or more of the following: one or more liquid content sensors, one or more temperature sensors, one or more liquid pressure sensors, one or more gas pressure sensors, one or more liquid flow sensors, one or more gas flow sensors, one or more height distance sensors, one or more voltage sensors, and one or more current sensors. The one or more field devices may be placed at one or more control locations that may comprise one or more of the following: one or more locations at or around the conversion cell, one or more locations at or around the liquid reservoir, and one or more locations at or around the gas cleaning cells. The one or more field devices may be used at the control locations to monitor or adjust physical parameters that may comprise one or more of the following: liquid pressure, gas pressure, gas flow rate, liquid flow rate, temperature, and height distance.

[0070] In some embodiments, one or more liquid flow valves may be placed, for example, at one or more liquid inlets of the liquid controller to control delivery of the liquid conversion solution from the liquid reservoir to the liquid inlets of the liquid controller. The computing engine may control the liquid flow valves to increase or decrease the flow of the liquid conversion solution to the liquid inlets.

[0071] In some embodiments, the computing engine may be connected to one or more servo motors to control the height distance from the top of the liquid reservoir to the liquid controller, wherein the height distance may affect the liquid pressure that may be applied to the liquid controller.

[0072] In some embodiments, the computing engine may be connected to two or more servo motors to control height distances from the top of the gas cleaning cells to the gas inlets inside the gas cleaning cells. This liquid height distance inside the gas cleaning cell may affect the outlet gas pressure at the gas chambers of the liquid conversion cell.

[0073] In some embodiments, the computing engine may be connected to one or more gas flow enhancing devices, such as electric gas flow fans, at the outlets from the two gas chambers, and may control the gas flow in order to increase or decrease the gas pressure from the gas chambers.

[0074] In some embodiments, one or more liquid content sensors may be placed at the control locations. Each liquid content sensor may comprise a resistance probe to sense the liquid content of the liquid conversion solution at the control locations. The probes may comprise anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation conductive materials, or they may be coated with highly conductive anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation materials to prevent oxidation of the probes over time.

[0075] In some embodiments, one or more liquid content sensors may be placed at the control locations that may comprise one or more of the following: a liquid inlet region of the liquid controller, a middle region of the liquid controller, a bottom region of the liquid controller, and bottom regions of the gas chambers. The computing engine may sense that the liquid content at these locations, it may increase or decrease the liquid flow valves to control the amount of the liquid conversion solution at the liquid controller.

[0076] In some embodiments, the liquid content sensors may be placed at the bottom of the cathode gas chamber, and the bottom of the anode gas chamber. The computing engine may sense a certain amount of liquid conversion solution at these locations, and the computing engine may determine that excess liquid conversion solution is entering the liquid controller and the electron exchangers cannot keep up with the liquid-to-gas conversion. The computing engine may decrease the liquid flow valve to slow the liquid conversion solution flowing to the liquid controller.

[0077] In some embodiments, the computing engine may be connected to one or more gas flow sensors that may be placed at the gas outlet from the cathode gas chamber and the anode gas chambers.

[0078] In some embodiments, the computing engine may be connected to one or more voltage and current sensors to measure the electrical voltage and current applied to the cathode and anode electron exchangers.

[0079] In some embodiments, the computing engine may be connected to one or more height distance sensors to measure the height distance from the top of the liquid reservoir to the liquid controller, and to measure the height distances from the top of the liquid inside the gas cleaning cells to the gas inlet inside the gas cleaning cells.

[0080] Additional sensors may be placed in the conversion cell using approaches similar to those approaches described above.

[0081] Based on data monitoring the physical parameters at the control locations, the computing engine may perform the one or more artificial intelligence calculations, and may transmit commands to control the field devices in order to monitor or adjust the physical parameters at the control locations.

[0082] In some embodiments, the computing engine may transmit the sensor data through the local wired or wireless networks, and may transmit the data to the cloud computers through the Internet to perform the one or more artificial intelligence calculations and may store the data in the cloud storage.

[0083] In some embodiments, due to security concerns, these data may be transmitted to the local computers through wired or wireless networks, and the one or more artificial intelligence calculations may be completed in the local computers.

[0084] In some embodiments, operators in various locations may read the data and results of the one or more artificial intelligence calculations from the cloud computers through mobile phones and computer tablets.

[0085] In some embodiments, the computing engine may perform the one or more artificial intelligence calculations that may comprise one or more of the following: single variable equations, multiple variable equations, linear equations, nonlinear equations, predictive function analysis, regression analysis, neural network analysis, and foundation model analysis.

[0086] In some embodiments, the one or more artificial intelligence calculations may comprise one or more predictive functions, and a predictive function F(X), as part of the predictive functions, may be expressed as:Y=F⁡(X⁢1,X⁢2,… ,Xn)where:

[0088] Y represents one or more function outputs;

[0089] X1 represents one or more series of input data from Sensor 1;

[0090] X2 represents one or more series of input data from Sensor 2;

[0091] Xn−1 represents one or more series of input data from Sensor N−1;

[0092] Xn represents a required gases output level.

[0093] Sensors 1 . . . . N represent the one or more sensors.

[0094] In some embodiments, the predictive function analysis may comprise analyzing one or more series of input data X1, X2, . . . . Xn, dividing each predictive function into one or more segments of input data ranges, and forming sub predictive functions to obtain series of function outputs Y1, Y2, . . . . Yk for each input data range. Over the whole input data range, predictive function F(X) may be a combined result of all the sub predictive functions covering the input data range.

[0095] In some embodiments, each series of input data of X1 to Xn may be sorted into an ascending order. The first data point of series of input data X1 may be expressed as X1.1, and the m-th data point of series of input data X1 may be expressed as X1.m. The increments associated with each input data Xn may be compared with increments associated with function output Y.

[0096] In some embodiments, the increment from the 1st X1 data point to the 2nd X1 data point may be expressed asdX 1.2=X 1.2-X 1.1,dX 1.3=X 1.3-X 1.2,…dX 1.m=X 1.m-X 1.m-1

[0097] In some embodiments, increments in function output Y, from Y1.1 to Y1.m, may be associated with increments of X1 data point, moving from X1.1 to X1.m, wherein function output from Y1.1 to Y1.m may be expressed asdY 1.2=Y 1.2-Y 1.1,…dY 1.3=Y 1.3-Y 1.2,…dY 1.m=Y 1.m-Y 1.m-1

[0098] In some embodiments, the increment in the Slope, as X1 data point moves from X1.1 to X1.m, may be expressed asSlope 1.2=dY 1.2 / dX 1.2,Slope 1.3=dY 1.3 / dX 1.3,…Slope 1.m=dY 1.m / dX 1.m

[0099] The above steps may be repeated for all series of input data from X1 to Xn.

[0100] In some embodiments, whenever a significant change in the slope value is detected, a new set of input data for this segment of data input range may be generated, and each set of input data for each segment of input data range may be grouped to form a separate sub predictive function.

[0101] In some embodiments, each set of input data for each sub predictive function may be submitted to one or more regression algorithms, comprising one or more of the following: least-square linear regression algorithm, least-square non-linear regression algorithm, regression neural network algorithm, and other equivalent regression algorithms.

[0102] In some embodiments, this liquid-to-gas conversion method may be used to convert different kinds of liquid conversion solution into different kinds of gases. In some embodiments, this conversion method may be used to convert liquid water to hydrogen and oxygen gases.

[0103] In some embodiments, multiple conversion cells may be stacked vertically and horizontally, and may share some of the common components. With this stacking of the conversion cells, more conversion cells may be placed in the same physical space to achieve higher gas production levels.Operation:

[0104] The following is an example of operating the present disclosure using water as a liquid conversion solution to generate hydrogen and oxygen gases, but the principle of the present disclosure may be generalized to apply to other types of liquid conversion solutions to generate other types of gases. The following described embodiment is only one of the, but not all, embodiments of the present disclosure. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0105] The anode electron exchanger and cathode electron exchanger are placed in the liquid-to-gas conversion cell, and the conversion cell is separated into the cathode gas chamber 210, the liquid controller placed inside the liquid conversion solution chamber 230, and the anode gas chamber 220.

[0106] The liquid controller 100 is formed by stacking together a plurality of nonconductive controller sheets. Among them, the track injection sheets 120 are in the middle section, and they are protected from the left and right by the liquid control sheets or the mesh material sheets 110.

[0107] The electron exchangers 240 and 250 face the liquid conversion solution chamber and are in direct contact with the liquid controller. The other sides of the electron exchangers face the gas chambers. The surfaces of the electron exchangers are formed with holes. By applying a voltage to the cathode electron exchanger and the anode electron exchanger, electrons are exchanged on the sides facing the gas chambers, and the liquid conversion solution is converted into product gases that are released into the cathode gas chamber and the anode gas chamber. Gases pass through the two gas chambers outlets to the cathode and anode gas cleaning cells 350. Gas cleaning cells are filled with a gas cleaning liquid 360. Gas bubbles rise from the gas inlets of the gas cleaning cells to the gas outlets at the top of the gas cleaning cells.

[0108] On top of the liquid inlets of the liquid controller, a liquid flow valve 280 is placed to control the flow of liquid conversion solution 270 from the liquid reservoir 260 to the liquid controller 230.

[0109] The liquid conversion cell is equipped with an intelligent microprocessor (MCU) 310, which is responsible for performing the one or more artificial intelligence calculation, and data is also transmitted to the local computer or the cloud computer via the Internet for calculations. The computing engine controls the liquid flow valve and decides whether to increase or decrease the flow of the liquid conversion solution from the liquid reservoir to the liquid controller.

[0110] The computing engine is connected to a servo motor 340 to control the height distance from the liquid reservoir 260 to the liquid controller. The computing engine is connected to servo motors 340 to control the height distances from the top of the liquid inside the gas cleaning cells 350 to the gas inlets inside the gas cleaning cells. The computing engine is connected to two gas flow fans, acting as the gas flow enhancing devices 370, to control the gas flow and the gas pressure coming from the two gas chambers.

[0111] The computing engine is also connected to four liquid content sensors and hygrometer (HGO) 300, temperature sensors 330, pressure sensors 330, height distance sensors, gas flow sensors 320, voltage sensor, and current sensor. More sensors may be placed at selected locations within the liquid to gas conversion cell if necessary. Each liquid content sensor may have a pair of resistive probes 290 to sense the liquid conversion solution level at various locations in the conversion cell. Potassium hydroxide is added to water and water is ionized to form the liquid conversion solution 270.

[0112] The water in the liquid controller is in contact with the cathode electron exchanger 240. Water molecules pass through the holes of the cathode electron exchanger. At this location, electrons are released into the water to reduce the water to hydrogen and hydroxide ions, hydrogen gas is released into the cathode gas chamber. The hydroxide ions from the cathode electron exchanger go through the liquid controller, reach the anode electron exchanger 250. At this anode electron exchanger, the hydroxide ions are converted into water, oxygen and electrons. The electrons are collected by the anode electron exchanger, and oxygen gas is released to the anode gas chamber.

[0113] The result is that hydrogen and oxygen gases are released separately from the gas outlets of the two gas cleaning cells. As more gas is produced, the water in the liquid controller dries up, and the computing engine senses that the water content is low at this location. After artificial intelligence calculations, the computing engine will increase or decrease the liquid flow valve, allowing more or less water from the liquid reservoir to flow evenly and quickly into the liquid controller. Computing engine and servo motors control the height distance from the liquid reservoir to the liquid controller. The computing engine and two servo motors control the height distances from the top of the gas cleaning cells to the gas inlets inside the gas cleaning cells. The computing engine controls the two gas flow enhancing devices to control the gas flow and gas pressure coming from the two gas chambers. As a result, the computing engine controls the liquid and gas flow volume, the pressure and the temperature inside the liquid conversion cell.

[0114] The result of the disclosed conversion method may provide an energy-efficient liquid-to-gas conversion method to generate hydrogen and oxygen gases from liquid water.CONCLUSION, RAMIFICATIONS, AND SCOPE

[0115] While the above description contains much specificity, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as an exemplification of one preferred embodiment thereof. Many other variations are possible.

[0116] For example, we describe our method using an example of water as liquid conversion solution to generate hydrogen and oxygen gases, but the principle of our method may be generalized to apply to other types of liquid conversion solutions to generate other types of gases.

[0117] For example, we describe our method in manufacturing the puncture channels using precision technologies, comprising: chemical etching, plasma etching, laser drilling or electroforming. The puncture channels may possibly be manufactured by other kinds of technologies that are not listed in our described list of technologies, but the principle of our method may be generalized to apply to manufacturing the puncture channels with technologies that are able to create similar small openings.

[0118] The described embodiment in the above description is only one of the, but not all, embodiments of our presented method. Based on the embodiments of our presented method, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of our presented method.

[0119] The scope of the invention should be determined not by the embodiments illustrated, but by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.

Claims

1) A method for liquid to gas conversion, comprising:placing a liquid controller in a liquid conversion solution chamber inside a conversion cell;configuring said liquid controller by stacking one or more controller sheets to comprise one or more of the following: one or more track injection sheets, one or more liquid control sheets, and one or more mesh material sheets;feeding a liquid conversion solution to said liquid controller through one or more liquid inlets of said liquid controller;placing electron exchangers in said conversion cell, comprising: a cathode electron exchanger, and an anode electron exchanger;setting gas chambers in said conversion cell, comprising: a cathode gas chamber, and an anode gas chamber;placing said cathode electron exchanger between said liquid conversion solution chamber and said cathode gas chamber inside said conversion cell;placing said anode electron exchanger between said liquid conversion solution chamber and said anode gas chamber inside said conversion cell;applying a voltage to said anode electron exchanger and said cathode electron exchanger; andconverting said liquid conversion solution into gases released to said gas chambers in said conversion cell.2) The method of claim 1 wherein said configuring said liquid controller further comprises:stacking said controller sheets following design parameters, wherein said controller sheets are nonconductive;wherein said one or more liquid inlets of said liquid controller comprise one or more of the following:one or more sheet inlets of said track injection sheets, one or more sheet inlets of said liquid control sheets, and one or more sheet inlets of said mesh material sheets;configuring said track injection sheets, following said design parameters, on the surface of said track injection sheets, to comprise one or more of the following: one or more tracks, and one or more track puncture channels;configuring said liquid control sheets, following said design parameters, on the surface of said liquid control sheets, to comprise one or more liquid control puncture channels;configuring said mesh material sheets, following said design parameters, to comprise one or more small pores;configuring said electron exchangers with one or more holes on surfaces of said electron exchangers, and configuring each of said electron exchangers with one conductive side and one nonconductive side;placing said nonconductive side of said cathode electron exchanger facing said liquid controller;placing said nonconductive side of said anode electron exchanger facing said liquid controller;placing said conductive side of said cathode electron exchanger facing said cathode gas chamber;placing said conductive side of said anode electron exchanger facing said anode gas chamber;releasing said liquid conversion solution from said liquid controller to said electron exchangers to pass through said one or more holes of said electron exchangers to said conductive side of said anode electron exchanger and to said conductive side of said cathode electron exchanger; andexchanging electrons with said liquid conversion solution on said conductive side of said anode electron exchanger and said conductive side of said cathode electron exchanger.3) The method of claim 2 wherein said releasing said liquid conversion solution from said liquid controller further comprises:configuring said track injection sheets to form a network of distribution channels to distribute said liquid conversion solution from said sheet inlets of said track injection sheets to locations across said track injection sheets;configuring said controller sheets and stacking said controller sheets to follow said design parameters to control a rate and amount of said liquid conversion solution in passing through said controller sheets; andsetting said track puncture channels or said liquid control puncture channels from adjacent said controller sheets to be out of alignment with each other, forming a pattern of interlocking said track puncture channels or said liquid control puncture channels between adjacent said controller sheets.4) A method for conversion of liquid to gas, comprising:placing a liquid controller in a liquid conversion solution chamber inside a conversion cell;feeding a liquid conversion solution to said liquid controller through one or more liquid inlets of said liquid controller;placing electron exchangers in said conversion cell, comprising: a cathode electron exchanger, and an anode electron exchanger;setting gas chambers in said conversion cell, comprising: a cathode gas chamber, and an anode gas chamber;placing said cathode electron exchanger between said liquid conversion solution chamber and said cathode gas chamber inside said conversion cell;placing said anode electron exchanger between said liquid conversion solution chamber and said anode gas chamber inside said conversion cell;applying a voltage to said anode electron exchanger and said cathode electron exchanger;converting said liquid conversion solution into gases released to said gas chambers in said conversion cell; andcontrolling said conversion cell by using a computing engine, comprising one or more computing engines connected with one or more computer networks, to perform one or more artificial intelligence calculations.5) The method of claim 4 wherein said controlling said conversion cell further comprises:placing said liquid conversion solution in a liquid reservoir for said feeding said liquid conversion solution from said liquid reservoir to said liquid controller;configuring gas cleaning cells that comprise a cathode gas cleaning cell and an anode gas cleaning cell;feeding cathode output gas from an outlet of said cathode gas chamber to said cathode gas cleaning cell filled with a cathode gas cleaning liquid;feeding anode output gas from an outlet of said anode gas chamber to said anode gas cleaning cell filled with an anode gas cleaning liquid;placing field devices at one or more control locations that comprise one or more of the following: one or more locations at or around said conversion cell, one or more locations at or around said liquid reservoir, and one or more locations at or around said gas cleaning cells;performing said one or more artificial intelligence calculations on said computing engine wherein said computing engine exchanges data with said field devices, through said one or more computer networks, to control said field devices to monitor or adjust physical parameters at said one or more control locations; andwherein said physical parameters comprise one or more of the following: liquid pressure, gas pressure, liquid flow rate, gas flow rate, temperature, voltage, and current;6) The method of claim 5 wherein said adjusting said physical parameters further comprises:placing a reservoir servo motor, as part of said field devices, to move said liquid reservoir to adjust said liquid pressure based on the height distance from the top of said liquid reservoir to the liquid controller; andplacing cleaning cell servo motors, as part of said field devices, to move said gas cleaning cells to adjust said liquid pressure based on the height distance from the top of said cathode gas cleaning cell to the gas inlet of said cathode gas cleaning cell and based on the height distance from the top of said anode gas cleaning cell to the gas inlet of said anode gas cleaning cell.7) The method of claim 5 wherein said performing said one or more artificial intelligence calculations further comprises:performing said one or more artificial intelligence calculations that comprise one or more of the following: single variable equations, multiple variable equations, linear equations, nonlinear equations, regression analysis, neural network analysis, and foundation model analysis;expressing a predictive function F(X) for said one or more artificial intelligence calculations to accept input data to predict a decision parameter for controlling one or more of said field devices to monitor or adjust said physical parameters as:Y=F⁡(X⁢1,X⁢2,… ,Xn);Y is said decision parameter;X1 to Xn−1 are said input data from field device 1 through field device N−1 of said field devices;Xn represents a target gas output level of said conversion cell; andevaluating one or more of said decision parameter Y to determine commands to transmit to control said field devices and to monitor or adjust said physical parameters at said one or more control locations.8) The method of claim 3 wherein said configuring said controller sheets to follow said design parameters further comprises:modeling said liquid conversion solution, due to surface tension, adhering on surfaces of said track injection sheets or said liquid control sheets as one or more droplets and diffusing until a partial wetting equilibrium contact radius is reached;expressing radius r of an adhering droplet of said one or more droplets on an adhered surface of said track injection sheets or said liquid control sheets as follows:r=Vπ⁢h,where⁢ h=2⁢π⁡(1-cos⁢θ)ρ⁢g,σ is said surface tension,g is gravitational acceleration constant,θ is contact angle between said adhering droplet and said adhered surface,h is height of said adhering droplet, andV is volume of said adhering droplet;expressing said adhering droplet with radius over time r(t) as:r⁡(t)=re[1-exp⁡(-(2⁢γLGre12+ρ⁢g9⁢re10)⁢24⁢λ⁢V4(t+t0)π2⁢η)]16;expressing said adhering droplet with radius in perfect spread over time rp(t), which is the radius of said adhering droplet by assuming a perfect spreading of said adhering droplet and a delay time as:r⁢ρ⁡(t)=[(γLG⁢96⁢λ⁢V4π2⁢η⁢(t+t0))12+(λ⁡(t+t0)η)23⁢24⁢ρ⁢g⁢V837·9613⁢π43⁢γLG13]16,γ is coefficient of said surface tension,γLG is term factor of said surface tension,η is viscosity of said liquid conversion solution,ρ is density of said liquid conversion solution,λ is shape factor of said adhering droplet,t0 is experimental delay time, andre is equilibrium radius of said adhering droplet at equilibrium;making distances between identifiable adjacent pair of said one or more track puncture channels or said one or more liquid control puncture channels as a multiple of said radius over time r(t) or said radius in perfect spread over time rp(t);making radii of said one or more track puncture channels or said one or more liquid control puncture channels no bigger than said radius over time r(t) or said radius in perfect spread over time rp(t);making width of each track of said one or more tracks of said track injection sheets as a multiple of said radius over time r(t) or said radius in perfect spread over time rp(t);adjusting said width of each track of said one or more tracks of said track injection sheets to one or more values depending on locations of said one or more tracks on said track injection sheets;adjusting said distances between said identifiable adjacent pair of said one or more track puncture channels to one or more values depending on locations of said one or more track puncture channels on said track injection sheets; andadjusting said distances between said identifiable adjacent pair of said one or more liquid control puncture channels to one or more values depending on locations of said one or more liquid control puncture channels on said liquid control sheets.9) The method of claim 8 wherein said making radii of said one or more track puncture channels or said one or more liquid control puncture channels, further comprises:expressing height d of a column of said liquid conversion solution inside a containing puncture channel of said one or more track puncture channels or said one or more liquid control puncture channels as:d=2⁢γcos⁢ xρ⁢gr(t);x is the contact angle between said liquid conversion solution of said column and contact surface inside said containing puncture channel;making thickness of said one or more track puncture channels or said one or more liquid control puncture channels no thicker than said height d; andmaking spacing between adjacent said track injection sheets and said liquid control sheets to be no larger than said height d.10) The method of claim 3 wherein said configuring said controller sheets to follow said design parameters further comprises:making said one or more track puncture channels or said one or more liquid control puncture channels following said design parameters that comprise one or more of the following design patterns: Y-shaped, X-shaped, and star-shaped design pattern; andutilizing said design patterns to enhance retention of said liquid conversion solution.11) The method of claim 3 wherein said configuring said controller sheets to follow said design parameters further comprises:manufacturing said mesh material sheets by a precision material woven technology;manufacturing said track injection sheets or said liquid control sheets with technologies that comprise one or more of the following:chemical etching by applying chemicals to etch away specific points of material to form said one or more tracks, said one or more track puncture channels, or said one or more liquid control puncture channels;plasma etching by applying plasma to etch away specific points of material to form said one or more tracks, said one or more track puncture channels, or said one or more liquid control puncture channels;laser drilling by repeatedly applying a pulsing focused laser to material to cut away specific spots to form said one or more tracks, said one or more track puncture channels, or said one or more liquid control puncture channels; andelectroforming by electro depositing of material onto a mandrel to form said one or more tracks, said one or more track puncture channels, or said one or more liquid control puncture channels.12) The method of claim 1 wherein said converting said liquid conversion solution into said gases in said conversion cell further comprises:converting one or more kinds of said liquid conversion solution into one or more kinds of said gases;stacking two or more cells of said conversion cell vertically and horizontally; andsharing common components among said two or more cells of said conversion cell.13) The method of claim 5 wherein said placing said field devices further comprises:placing, at said one or more control locations, said field devices that comprise one or more of the following: one or more gas flow valves, one or more liquid flow valves, one or more liquid pressure sensors, one or more gas pressure sensors, one or more liquid flow sensors, one or more gas flow sensors, one or more liquid content sensors, one or more temperature sensors, one or more height distance sensors, one or more gas flow enhancing devices, one or more voltage sensors, one or more current sensors, and one or more servo motors.14) The method of claim 4 wherein said converting said liquid conversion solution into said gases further comprises:configuring said liquid controller by stacking one or more controller sheets to comprise one or more of the following: one or more track injection sheets, one or more liquid control sheets, and one or more mesh material sheets;configuring said electron exchangers with one or more holes on surfaces of said electron exchangers, and configuring each of said electron exchangers with one conductive side and one nonconductive side;placing said nonconductive side of said cathode electron exchanger facing said liquid controller;placing said nonconductive side of said anode electron exchanger facing said liquid controller;placing said conductive side of said cathode electron exchanger facing said cathode gas chamber; andplacing said conductive side of said anode electron exchanger facing said anode gas chamber.

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