Textile configured to promote cooling hem and seam construction

Abstract

Aspects herein are directed to a knit spacer textile and garments incorporating the textile, designed to improve durability and prevent fraying while maintaining breathability. The textile includes a first knit layer, a second knit layer, and tie yarns interconnecting the layers. The textile may incorporate a trim piece along an edge to reinforce high-stress areas such as sleeve cuffs, waistbands, and neck openings. In some implementations, multiple knit spacer textiles are joined at a seam using one or more trim pieces, which may be bonded via welding, adhesive application, or stitching.

Description

BACKGROUND

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Application No. 63 / 781,845, entitled “Textile Configured to Promote Cooling.” filed Apr. 1, 2025. The entirety of the aforementioned application is incorporated by reference herein.BACKGROUND

[0002] Typical athletic garments may be formed of textiles that are fast-drying and / or promote air flow through the garment and help cool the wearer. However, knit spacer textiles, which are commonly used for their breathability and moisture-wicking properties, present challenges related to structural durability at cut edges and seams. The open-knit structure and interconnected layers can make the textile prone to fraying, unraveling, or seam failure, particularly in high-stress areas such as sleeve cuffs, waist openings, and necklines. Traditional finishing techniques, such as hemming or overlock stitching, may not adequately reinforce the edges or seams, potentially compromising the garment's longevity and performance over time.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0003] Examples of aspects herein are described below in detail with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:

[0004] FIG. 1 illustrates a first surface formed by a first knit layer of a knit spacer textile in accordance with aspects herein;

[0005] FIG. 2 illustrates a second surface formed by a second knit layer of a knit spacer textile in accordance with aspects herein;

[0006] FIG. 3A illustrates a schematic cross-section view of an example knit spacer textile in accordance with aspects herein;

[0007] FIG. 3B illustrates a schematic cross-section view of a second example textile in accordance with aspects herein;

[0008] FIG. 3C illustrates a schematic cross-section view of a third example textile in accordance with aspects herein;

[0009] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic of the knit spacer textile of FIG. 3A positioned adjacent a skin surface of a wearer in accordance with aspects herein;

[0010] FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view of a knit spacer textile having a trim piece joined to a textile edge using one or more bonding techniques in accordance with aspects herein;

[0011] FIG. 5B illustrates a perspective view of an alternative configuration in which both edges of the trim piece wrap around the textile edge and are joined to opposing surfaces of the textile;

[0012] FIG. 5C illustrates a perspective view of an alternative configuration in which a trim piece is secured to a top of the textile at a seam and the trim piece is folded twice such that it is secured to a bottom of the textile, in accordance with aspects herein;

[0013] FIG. 5D illustrates a perspective view of an alternative configuration similar to that illustrated in FIG. 5C, but with an adhesive tape positioned within the trim piece, in accordance with aspects herein;

[0014] FIG. 6A illustrates a perspective view of two textiles, each with a trim piece joined at its edge, and the trim pieces joined together by stitching to form a seam;

[0015] FIG. 6B illustrates a perspective view of two textiles with trim pieces joined at their respective edges and bonded together by adhesive or welding to form a seam;

[0016] FIG. 6C illustrates a perspective view of two textiles joined at their respective edges and bonded together by adhesive or welding;

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example upper-body garment formed from the textile described herein in accordance with aspects herein;

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates an example upper-body garment formed from two different textiles zonally located and joined at a seam reinforced with a trim piece in accordance with aspects herein;

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates an example lower-body garment formed from the textile described herein in accordance with aspects herein;

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates an example lower-body garment formed from two different textiles zonally located and joined at a seam, optionally reinforced with a trim piece in accordance with aspects herein;

[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method of manufacturing a garment component incorporating a trim piece in accordance with aspects herein;

[0022] FIG. 12 illustrates a front view of an upper-body garment, in accordance with aspects herein;

[0023] FIG. 13 illustrates a side view of the upper-body garment of FIG. 12 with an arm raised, in accordance with aspects herein; and

[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates a pattern for a sleeve of the upper-body garment of FIG. 12, in accordance with aspects herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Aspects herein are directed to a textile having one or more trim pieces, a garment formed from the textile having one or more trim pieces, and methods of manufacturing the textile with the one or more trim pieces. It is contemplated that the trim piece includes features that may improve edge durability and seam reinforcement, while maintaining breathability and comfort. In example aspects, the textile may be a knit spacer textile that includes a first knit layer formed from a first plurality of yarns. The first knit layer includes a first set of apertures, each aperture having a first opening size. The knit spacer textile further includes a second knit layer formed from a second plurality of yarns. The second knit layer includes a second set of apertures. Each aperture in the second set of apertures may be axially aligned with a corresponding aperture in the first set of apertures. Each aperture in the second set of apertures has a second opening size that, in examples, is smaller than the first opening size of apertures in the first set of apertures. A plurality of tie yarns interconnect the first knit layer and the second knit layer, forming a unitary knit spacer textile.

[0026] To prevent fraying and improve structural integrity, a trim piece may be applied along one or more edges of the knit spacer textile. The trim piece may extend between a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end and may include a first side edge joined to a surface of the first knit layer and a second side edge joined to a surface of the second knit layer. The trim piece comprises a top side opposite a bottom side. In some aspects, the trim piece may comprise a polymer material, such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyester, or nylon. In other aspects, the trim piece may comprise materials with similar structural or bonding properties, including rubber, silicone, or composite laminates. The specific material of the trim piece may be selected based on desired characteristics such as durability, flexibility, water resistance, elasticity, or compatibility with bonding techniques such as ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, and heat sealing, as described further below.

[0027] In one embodiment, the trim piece may be joined to both the first knit layer and the second knit layer, encapsulating the edge to reduce unraveling and improve durability under stress. The trim piece may be attached to the textile using ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, heat sealing, or a combination thereof, forming a secure and integrated connection that reinforces the textile structure while inhibiting fraying at the textile edge. The trim piece may extend continuously along garment openings such as sleeve cuffs, waistbands, or necklines, or be applied selectively to localized, high-wear regions, such as edges subject to repeated flexing or mechanical stress. In examples, the trim piece may be formed to wrap around the textile edge such that a first longitudinal end is joined to a first surface of the textile and a second longitudinal end is joined to a second surface of the textile, forming an encapsulated edge structure.

[0028] In other aspects, multiple knit spacer textiles, or a combination of different types of textiles (e.g., both knit spacer and non-knit spacer textiles), may be joined at a seam using one or more trim pieces. For example, a first knit spacer textile and a second textile may be positioned edge-to-edge and secured using overlapping or touching trim pieces, which may be bonded through welding, adhesive applications, or stitching to form a reinforced seam. In some embodiments, each textile edge is reinforced with a trim piece, and the trim pieces are joined to one another between overlapping margins or wrapped portions to form a composite seam structure. The trim pieces at the seam may be positioned on an outer surface of the joined textiles, ensuring a secure, durable bond that prevents delamination or separation under repeated stress while maintaining comfort to the wearer.

[0029] When incorporated into a garment, the first knit layer forms an outer-facing surface of the garment, and the second knit layer forms an inner-facing surface of the garment. In aspects where the textile includes apertures for ventilation, the first set of apertures is positioned in an external layer of the garment, while the second set of apertures is positioned in an internal layer of the garment, with the trim piece ensuring the edges remain stable and intact.

[0030] The trim piece or seam reinforcement may be configured to maintain garment flexibility, allowing the textile to stretch and recover while preventing excessive distortion at high-stress points such as sleeve openings, pant leg hems, or torso seams. In some aspects, the trim piece may have a tapered profile that reduces bulk while maintaining structural integrity. The material, shape, and bonding technique of the trim piece may be selected to complement the performance characteristics of the underlying textile and to support specific garment zones based on wear, tension, or moisture exposure.

[0031] As used herein, the term “apparel item,”“garment,” or “athletic apparel item or garment,” means a garment configured to be worn by a wearer. In example aspects, the garment may be worn while the wearer engages in athletic activities. The garment may be in the form of a lower-body garment, that in some aspects may be form-fitting, such as a legging, tight, capri, short, and the like; an upper-body garment, that in some aspects may be form-fitting, such as a shirt or pullover; a support garment such as a sport bra or sport tank, and the like.

[0032] The term “outer-facing surface” when referring to the garment means the surface facing away from the body of a wearer and toward the external environment. The term “inner-facing surface” when referring to the garment means the surface facing inwardly or toward the body of the wearer. The term “outermost-facing surface” means the surface that is located farthest away from the body of the wearer with respect to other layers or components of the garment, and the term “innermost-facing surface” means the surface that is located closest to the body of the wearer with respect to other layers or components of the garment.

[0033] The term “knit spacer textile,” as used herein is meant to encompass both warp knit and weft knit spacer textiles as is known in the art of textiles. Spacer textiles are generally formed by utilizing at least one tie yarn to interconnect first and second knit layers of the textile. More specifically, each of the first layer and the second layer may be knit separately, and the tie yarn(s) is used to connect the first knit layer and the second knit layer. For instance, the tie yarns may have “loop” portions that extend into each of the first knit layer and the second knit layer where the loop portions are interlooped with yarns in the first knit layer and the second knit layer to connect the two layers.

[0034] Because each of the first knit layer and the second knit layer are knit separately, each of the first knit layer and the second knit layer may be knit with different yarn types and / or different knit constructions although the same yarn types and same knit constructions may be used in each of the first knit layer and the second knit layer. Within a given knit layer, a particular yarn may extend throughout at least a portion of that knit layer. To differentiate a knit spacer textile from a double-knit textile, in a double-knit textile, there is a transfer of a yarn from the face layer to the back layer and vice versa. In a knit spacer textile, there is not a transfer of yarns from the first knit layer to the second knit layer. Stated differently, yarns forming the first knit layer are separate and distinct from yarns forming the second knit layer, and the first and second knit layers are generally only connected by way of the tie yarns.

[0035] As used herein, the term “nonwoven textile” refers to fibers that are held together by mechanical and / or chemical interactions without being in the form of a knit, woven, braided construction, or other structured construction. In a particular aspect, the nonwoven textile includes a collection of fibers that are mechanically manipulated to form a mat-like material. Stated differently nonwoven textiles are directly made from fibers. The nonwoven textile may include, for example, two nonwoven layers secured together using entanglement of fibers of the two layers (e.g., needle entanglement, hydroentanglement), adhesives, bonding, stitching, and the like. The different nonwoven layers may be formed of fibers having different properties (e.g., more absorbent fibers, less absorbent fibers, and the like).

[0036] The term “aperture opening size” is dependent on the shape of the aperture. When the aperture is a circle, the aperture opening size is the length of a straight line passing from one side of the aperture to a second side of the aperture through the center of the aperture (i.e., the diameter). When the aperture is ovoid in shape, the aperture opening size is taken along the semi-major axis of the oval. When the aperture has an irregular shape, aspects herein contemplate that the aperture opening size be the longest dimension from one side of the aperture to the other side of the aperture with the line passing through a determined center of the shape.

[0037] The term “axially aligned” as used herein refers to the centers of, for example, a first aperture in the first set of apertures and a second aperture in the second set of apertures being along the same line in space. Described differently, the centers of the apertures are co-linear.

[0038] As used herein, the term “trim piece” refers to a strip, band, or reinforcing component that is joined along an edge of a textile, such as a knit spacer textile. The trim piece may be formed from a polymeric material, such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyester, nylon, rubber, silicone, or other flexible laminates. The trim piece may include one or more longitudinal side edges, and may be positioned to extend along and optionally wrap around the terminal edge of the textile. In some examples, the trim piece may include margins that extend beyond the textile edge and are bonded to other components, or may include wrapped portions that extend along both a front surface and a back surface of the textile.

[0039] As used herein, the term “seam” refers to a connection or joining region between two textile edges, including connections formed by stitching, welding, adhesive bonding, or combinations thereof. A seam may include one or more trim pieces that are joined to the textile edges before or during the seam formation process. In some aspects, seams may comprise opposing trim pieces joined together at overlapping margins or between wrapped regions to form a composite seam structure.

[0040] As used herein, the term “zone” refers to a defined region of a garment that exhibits a distinct textile property, construction, or configuration. For example, a zone may be formed using a textile having a particular aperture structure, yarn composition, knit construction, or hydrophilicity. Garments described herein may include multiple zones, such as moisture-wicking zones, compression zones, or ventilation zones, each comprising different types of knit spacer textiles or other textile structures.

[0041] As used herein, the term “encapsulated edge structure” refers to a construction in which a trim piece is secured to opposing surfaces of a textile along an edge, such that the trim piece wraps around the edge and is joined to both a front and back surface of the textile. The encapsulated edge structure may be formed using ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, or heat sealing on one or both sides of the textile. This structure may enhance durability and reduce fraying while maintaining garment flexibility. The term “opening” as used herein is an intentional opening formed in a textile layer, either during the formation of the textile layer (e.g., an opening designed into the knitting pattern) or in a separate processing step (e.g., an opening formed by cutting, stamping, melting or burning, etc.). The term “opening” is not intended to encompass the gaps formed within or between inter-looped stitches in a warp or weft knit textile.

[0042] The term “opening area” as used herein is the area of the shape formed by the perimeter of an opening. When the opening is an ellipsis / oval, the opening area is πab, where a is the radius along the semi-major axis and b is the radius along the semi-minor axis. The term “axially aligned” as used herein refers to the determined centers of, for example, a first opening and a second opening being along the same line in space. Described differently, the centers of the openings are co-linear.

[0043] The term “flow-through aperture” as used herein is a path through openings in the first knit layer and the second knit layer of the knit spacer textile in which air can travel without obstruction from the first knit layer, the second knit layer, or the plurality of tie yarns. Stated differently, an opening in the first layer must at least partially overlap an opening in the second layer, so that a line extending perpendicularly through the thickness of the knit spacer textile will not touch either the first layer or the second layer. Although the openings in a first layer are described as being axially aligned with a corresponding opening in a second layer in some aspects herein, in other aspects the first openings and the second openings may not be axially aligned, but may still at least partially overlap with each other so that a flow-through aperture is formed through the knit spacer textile.

[0044] Unless otherwise noted, all measurements provided herein are measured at standard ambient temperature and pressure (25 degrees Celsius or 298.15 K and 1 bar) with the knit spacer textile in a resting (un-stretched) state.

[0045] FIG. 1 depicts a view of a first surface 102 of a knit spacer textile 100 formed by a first knit layer 104 of the knit spacer textile 100. Portions of the interlooped knit stitches forming the first knit layer 104 are depicted on the first surface 102. When incorporated into a garment, the first surface 102 may form an outer-facing surface and, in some aspects, an outermost-facing surface of the garment.

[0046] In the example shown in FIG. 1, the first set of apertures 106 is shown as generally oval in shape although other shapes are contemplated herein (e.g., circular, elliptical, oblong, regular, and irregular, etc.). The second set of apertures 108 on the second knit layer 110 is also visible in FIG. 1 as well as a plurality of tie yarns 112. The number of apertures depicted in FIG. 1, the size of the apertures, the arrangement of the first set of apertures 106, and the spacing between adjacent apertures is illustrative. Aspects herein contemplate an irregular arrangement of apertures, different spacing between adjacent apertures, different sizes for the apertures, a different number of apertures, and the like.

[0047] The first knit layer 104, in example aspects, is formed from a first plurality of yarns 114. When the first layer comprises a nonwoven textile, the first layer would be formed from a first plurality of fibers. In some examples, the first plurality of yarns 114 (or fibers) may be selected to readily absorb moisture. Stated differently, the first plurality of yarns 114 (or fibers) may be selected to have a relatively high moisture regain such as a moisture regain of about 5% or more, 6% or more, 7% or more, 8% or more, 9% or more, or 10% or more. When the use of natural fibers / yarns is desired, the first plurality of yarns 114 (or fibers) may comprise, for example, cotton, silk, wool, flax, and the like. When synthetic fibers / yarns are desired, the first plurality of yarns 114 (or fibers) may comprise, for example, nylon 6 and / or nylon 66. In aspects, one or more of the first knit layer, the second knit layer, and the plurality of tie yarns may comprise Drawn Textured Yarn (DTY). Using DTY may provide for better air circulation and moisture transport away from the skin. Again, when the use of natural and / or semi-synthetic yarns is desired, the plurality of tie yarns may include, for example, wool (e.g., merino wool), alpaca, and the like.

[0048] FIG. 2 depicts a view of a second surface 202 of the knit spacer textile 100 formed by the second knit layer 110 of the knit spacer textile 100 where the second surface 202 faces in an opposite direction from the first surface 102 when the knit spacer textile 100 is laid flat. The second surface 202 may have a similar appearance to the first surface 102, except that the second surface 202 would comprise entangled fibers when the textile is a nonwoven textile or would comprise interwoven yarns when the textile is a woven textile. When incorporated into a garment, the second surface 202 is positioned adjacent a skin surface of a wearer and forms an inner-facing surface, and in some aspects, an innermost-facing surface of the garment.

[0049] In the example shown in FIG. 2, the second set of apertures 108 is shown as generally oblong in shape although other shapes are contemplated herein (e.g., circular, elliptical, ovoid, regular, and irregular, etc.). Moreover, aspects herein contemplate that the shape of the apertures may differ between the first set of apertures 106 and the second set of apertures 108. For example, the first set of apertures 106 may be ovoid in shape and the second set of apertures 108 may be circular in shape, or vice versa. The number of apertures depicted in FIG. 2, the size of the apertures, the arrangement of the second set of apertures 108, and the spacing between adjacent apertures is illustrative. Aspects herein contemplate an irregular arrangement of apertures, different spacing between adjacent apertures, different sizes for the apertures, a different number of apertures, and the like. In example aspects, there is a one-to-one correspondence in number between the first set of apertures 106 and the second set of apertures 108 such that each aperture in the first set of apertures 106 is axially aligned with a corresponding aperture in the second set of apertures 108.

[0050] The second knit layer 110 in example aspects, is formed from a second plurality of yarns 204. When the second layer comprises a nonwoven textile, the nonwoven textile may be formed from a second plurality of fibers. In some examples, the second plurality of yarns 204 (or fibers) may be selected to be relatively less hydrophilic than the first plurality of yarns 114. In this way, moisture taken up by the knit spacer textile 100 may be biased towards the first knit layer 104. Moisture present at the first knit layer 104 may be evaporated and the evaporative cooling may cool the yarns (or fibers) of the knit spacer textile 100 and / or the air entering the axially aligned apertures of the first set of apertures 106 and the second set of apertures 108. In addition, removing moisture from the second knit layer 110 reduces cling experienced by a wearer of the knit spacer textile 100 (or a garment incorporating the knit spacer textile 100).

[0051] FIG. 3A depicts a cross-section of the example knit spacer textile 100 described in FIGS. 1 and 2. The first knit layer 104 extends in an x, y plane and the second knit layer 110 extends in an x, y plane, where the second knit layer 110 is parallel to and offset or spaced apart from the first knit layer 104 by the plurality of tie yarns 112 that are interknitted or interlooped with the first knit layer 104 and the second knit layer 110.

[0052] The portions of the tie yarn 112 indicated by reference numeral 304 is shown in a dashed line to indicate that it is generally hidden from view. Numeral 304 represents those areas of the tie yarn 112 that are interlooped with the yarns forming the first knit layer 104 and the second knit layer 110 respectively. As used throughout this disclosure, the term “loop” or “loop portion” when referring to tie yarns refers to the portion of the tie yarn that extends into the first knit layer 104 and the second knit layer 110 and is interlooped with yarns in the first knit layer 104 and the second knit layer 110.

[0053] In aspects the tie yarns 112 may extend perpendicularly to either or both of the first knit layer 104 and the second knit layer 110. In further aspects, some of the tie yarns 112 may extend at an angle less than ninety degrees from either or both of the first knit layer 104 and the second knit layer 110 (referred to herein as extending at an angle to such knit layers). When at least some of the tie yarns 112 extend at an angle to either or both of the first knit layer 104 and the second knit layer 110, the axially-aligned apertures are provided with a funnel-type structure. Said another way, the axially-aligned apertures may present a beveled edge. In examples, this beveled edge may have a constant angle relative to one or both of the first knit layer 104 and the second knit layer 110. In further examples, this beveled edge may have a variable angle around its perimeter relative to one or both of the first knit layer 104 and the second knit layer 110. That is, the tie yarns at one position around the perimeter extend at an angle nearer ninety degrees than do tie yarns at another position around the perimeter. For example, in the context of a warp knitted knit spacer textile having a machine direction and a cross direction, the beveled edge presented on the cross direction ends may be less sloped than the beveled edge presented on the machine direction ends. This structure occurs when tie yarns 112 extend from a position adjacent an aperture in the first knit layer 104 to a position adjacent an aperture in the second knit layer 110. When viewed from the first knit layer 104 side (see FIG. 1), these tie yarns 112 are visible through the aperture in the first knit layer 104 but would be obstructed from view through the aperture in the second knit layer 110 (see FIG. 2).

[0054] FIG. 3B depicts a schematic cross-section of a second example configuration for the textile described herein. In FIG. 3B, a textile 310 is depicted comprising a first layer 312 and a second layer 314 positioned adjacent the first layer 312. The first layer 312 may comprise, for example, a first knit layer of a double knit textile, a first nonwoven layer of a nonwoven textile, a first woven layer of a woven textile, and the like. The second layer 314 may comprise, for example, a second knit layer of the double knit textile, a second nonwoven layer of the nonwoven textile, a second woven layer of the woven textile, and the like. As also described above, different constructions (knit, woven, or nonwoven) may be combined with each other. Depending on the structure of the first and second layers 312 and 314, the layers 312 and 314 may be secured to each other in a number of ways. For example, when the first and second layers 312 and 314 comprise a knit construction, the layers 312 and 314 may be secured adjacent to each other by way of yarns transferring from the first layer 312 to the second layer 314 and / or yarns transferring from the second layer 314 to the first layer 312 or secured to each other by way of bonding, ultrasonic welding, an adhesive, and the like. When the first and second layers 312 and 314 comprise a nonwoven construction, the layer 312 and 314 may be secured to each other through fiber entanglement (e.g., needle punching or hydroentanglement), an adhesive, bonding, and the like. When the first and second layers 312 and 314 comprise a woven construction, the layer 312 and 314 may be interwoven with each other or secured to each other by way of bonding, an adhesive, and the like.

[0055] The first layer 312 comprises a first set of apertures 315 having a first opening size 316. The second layer 314 comprises a second set of apertures 317 having a second opening size 318 that is smaller than the first opening size 316. Each aperture in the first set of apertures 315 is axially aligned with a corresponding aperture in the second set of apertures 317. The aperture opening sizes and the spacing between adjacent apertures may be similar or the same to that described with respect to FIG. 3A.

[0056] FIG. 3C depicts a schematic cross-section of a third textile 320 in accordance with aspects herein. In this example, the textile 320 comprises a single layer textile having a first surface 322 and an opposite second surface 324. When incorporated into a garment, the first surface 322 forms an outer-facing surface including an outermost-facing surface of the garment, and the second surface 324 forms an inner-facing surface including an innermost-facing surface of the garment. The textile 320 may comprise a knit construction (e.g., a single or double knit construction), a nonwoven construction, a woven construction, and the like. In example aspects, a finish 325 may be deposited on the second surface 324 to help render the second surface 324 more hydrophobic than the first surface 322. For example, the finish 325 may comprise a durable water repellent. In another example, plasma vapor deposition may be used to impart hydrophobic characteristics to the second surface 324.

[0057] In examples, the textile 320 may comprise apertures 326 that extend through a thickness of the textile 320. In examples, the apertures 326 may be funnel shaped such that an aperture opening size 327 on the first surface 322 is larger than aperture opening size 328 on the second surface 324. The aperture opening sizes and the spacing between adjacent apertures may be similar or the same to that described with respect to FIG. 3A.

[0058] As discussed herein, each of the knit spacer textiles 100, 310 and 320 may have a thickness. The thickness of said textile may affect how much rigidity the textile has. Said another way, the thickness of the textile may determine how much the textile drapes when the textile is donned by a wearer. For example, a thicker textile may drape less and maintain spacing from the skin, which may improve air circulation and evaporative cooling. In contrast, if a textile is too thin, it may drape too much which may lead to insufficient airflow in the space between the textile and the wearer. In some aspects, a textile having a thickness between 0.1 inches and 0.4 inches provides a useful amount of rigidity to the textile. In other aspects, the textile may have a thickness between 0.2 inches and 0.3 inches. In another aspect, the textile may have a thickness of about 0.25 inches. In other aspects, a textile having a thickness between 0.03 inches and 0.3 inches provides a useful amount of rigidity to the textile. In other aspects, the textile may have a thickness between 0.06 inches and 0.08 inches. In another aspect, the textile may have a thickness of about 0.07 inches.

[0059] Thickness of the textile may be measured using the procedure set forth in ASTM D1777-2019, Option 5, in some aspects. Thickness of the textile may also be measured using the procedure set forth in ISO 5084-1996). The thickness of the textile also impacts how much drape the textile has. The textiles used herein may have a thickness of 1.38 mm as measured under the ASTM standard or 1.75 mm as measured under the ISO standard. In another example, the textile used herein may have a thickness in the range of about 1.35 mm to about 1.42 mm under the ASTM standard or about 1.70 mm to about 1.80 mm under the ISO standard. In yet another example, the textile used herein may have a thickness in the range of about 1.10 mm to about 1.60 mm under the ASTM standard or about 1.50 mm to about 2.10 mm under the ISO standard.

[0060] FIG. 4 depicts a schematic of the knit spacer textile 100 as positioned with respect to a body surface 410 of a wearer. Although the knit spacer textile 100 is shown, the following description is also generally applicable to the textile 310 with exceptions noted herein. A description of how the textile 320 works will be described below. As shown, the second surface 202 of the second knit layer 110 is positioned directly adjacent to the body surface 410. The first knit layer 104 is spaced apart from the second knit layer 110 by the plurality of tie yarns 112 such that the first knit layer 104 is not in contact with the body surface 410 of the wearer. With respect to the textile 310 (see FIG. 3B), the first layer 312 is spaced apart from the body surface 410 by the second layer 314.

[0061] When the wearer's body surface 410 begins to perspire as indicated by reference numeral 412, the perspiration 412 comes into contact with the second knit layer 110 and the second knit layer 110 helps to “pull” the perspiration 412 off of the wearer's body thereby improving wearer comfort. Because the second plurality of yarns 204 that form the second knit layer 110 is relatively less hydrophilic than one or more of the tie yarns and the first knit layer 104, it tends to repel or push the perspiration 412 toward the moisture-wicking tie yarns 112. In examples where a cellulose yarn, such as a continuously extruded cellulose yarn is used, some perspiration 412 may be retained in the second knit layer 110. As described below, this may enhance the cooling effect that occurs when air from the environment enters the apertures 106 and 108.

[0062] In aspects where the second knit layer 110 is a non-absorbent or low-absorbency hydrophobic layer such that it does not absorb the perspiration 412 (e.g., where the moisture uptake is either prevented or significantly inhibited), the moisture-wicking tie yarns 112 that are interlooped with the second knit layer 110 may transport the perspiration 412 to the first knit layer 104.

[0063] The moisture-wicking tie yarns 112 transport the perspiration 412 to the first knit layer 104 as indicated by arrows 414. Because the first knit layer 104 is relatively more hydrophilic than the second knit layer 110, it helps to pull the perspiration 412 from the second knit layer 110 and from the tie yarns 112.

[0064] Once the perspiration 412 reaches the first knit layer 104, it is absorbed by the first plurality of yarns 114 (or fibers). The absorbed perspiration 412 may spread laterally along the first knit layer 104 as indicated by arrows 416. The retained perspiration 412 in the first knit layer 104 may help to cool the wearer by way of evaporative cooling. This may be especially beneficial when the ambient air is hotter than the wearer's body temperature. In this example, air that enters the knit spacer textile 100 by way of, for example, the apertures 106 and 108, may transfer heat to the perspiration 412 causing the perspiration to change from a liquid to a vapor. The transfer of heat helps to cool the air. The evaporation of the perspiration 412 helps to cool the knit spacer textile 100. The result is that the air that is passing through the knit spacer textile 100 may be at a lower temperature than the ambient air external to the knit spacer textile 100 thus helping to cool the wearer through enhanced evaporative cooling.

[0065] Additional cooling is provided by the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108. As shown by arrows 418, air from the external environment enters the first set of apertures 106. In some examples, the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108 may be located on a garment such that air from the external environment enters the apertures 106 and 108 generally perpendicular to, for example, the first surface 102 of the knit spacer textile 100. This, in turn, may increase the pressure at which the air enters the knit spacer textile 100 which may contribute to cooling. As the air moves toward the smaller-sized second set of apertures 108, it may speed up as indicated by the smaller dashes in the arrows 418. The relatively fast-moving air exits the second set of apertures 108 and flows over the body surface 410 of the wearer. When the air is at a lower temperature than the wearer's body surface 410, heat produced by the body surface 410 is carried away from the body surface 410 via the cooler, fast-moving air. For example, when the external air is generally cooler than the wearer's body temperature, a convection current may result with warmer air rising and dissipating through the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108 and cooler air moving in to take the place of the warmed air. This may further help to cool the wearer by way of convective cooling. Moreover, when cellulose yarns / fibers are used to form the second knit layer 110, the cellulose yarns / fibers may retain some moisture. The air that enters the spacer knit textile 100 by way of the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108 may promote evaporative cooling from the second knit layer 110 which may further enhance wearer cooling.

[0066] FIGS. 5A to 5D depict perspective views of the knit spacer textile 100 comprising a trim piece 502 positioned along an edge 505 of the knit spacer textile 100. The trim piece 502 serves to reinforce the edge of the knit spacer textile 100 and may function to reduce or prevent fraying, improve seam durability, and enhance the structural integrity of the garment during repeated use, movement, and laundering. In other words, the trim piece 502 may comprise a hem. The trim piece 502 may be joined to one or both of the first knit layer 104 and the second knit layer 110, either at or around the first edge 505. In some configurations, the trim piece 502 may also provide additional benefits such as increased comfort, flexibility, and aesthetic appeal. For example, the trim piece may contribute to garment contouring, edge clean-finishing, or color blocking for visual differentiation.

[0067] While FIGS. 5A to 5D discuss coupling the trim piece with a knit spacer textile, this description is equally applicable to other textiles. For example, in some aspects the coupling configurations discussed below would also be suitable for other open mesh textiles.

[0068] As described above, the trim piece 502 may be formed from a polymeric material, including but not limited to TPU, polyester, nylon, or other flexible and bondable materials that are compatible with the bonding or joining techniques described herein. The choice of material for the trim piece may depend on the desired performance characteristics, such as stretch recovery, moisture resistance, or thermal stability. The trim piece 502 may be joined to the knit spacer textile 100 using an adhesive layer 514. The adhesive 514 may be positioned between the trim piece 502 and the knit spacer textile 100, such as between side edge 503 of the trim piece and the first knit layer 104, or between side edge 504 and the second knit layer 110. In example aspects, the adhesive 514 may comprise a thermoplastic film, web, or coating that activates under heat and / or pressure to form a bond. In other examples, ultrasonic welding or heat sealing may be used in conjunction with or in place of adhesive bonding.

[0069] The trim piece 502 comprises a first side edge 503 and a second side edge 504 and extends between a first longitudinal end 507 and a second longitudinal end 509. The knit spacer textile 100 comprises a first edge 505, which may correspond to a garment opening or another terminal edge. In the example illustrated in FIG. 5A, the trim piece 502 is positioned such that the trim piece first side edge 503 abuts and is joined to the textile first edge 505. The resulting joint may be referred to as seam 506. In this aspect, the first side edge 503 may be ultrasonically welded to the textile first edge 505.

[0070] In some embodiments, the seam 506 is formed using bonding techniques such as ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, or heat sealing. Stitching or a combination of thermal and mechanical joining methods may also be used, depending on the materials selected and the desired finish. As illustrated in FIG. 5A, the trim piece 502 and the knit spacer textile 100 may have substantially the same thickness, creating a smooth and uniform profile along the seam.

[0071] In example configurations, as illustrated by FIG. 5A, the trim piece 502 second side edge 504 extends away from the textile first edge 505 to a bend and then returns to a position aligned with the second surface 202 of the second knit layer 110 (i.e., the trim piece 502 wraps around the textile first edge 505). In this example, the adhesive 514 may be positioned between an interior facing surface 512 of the trim piece 502 and the second knit layer 110 adjacent to the second side edge 504 to secure the wrap. In some aspects, ultrasonic welding may be used to bond the first side edge 503 to the first knit layer 104, while the second side edge 504 is bonded to the second knit layer 110 using the adhesive 514. Said differently, the first side edge 503 of the trim piece 502 may be joined to the first knit layer 104 by ultrasonic welding, and the second side edge 504 may be folded over the textile edge 505 and joined to the second knit layer 110 using the adhesive 514. This dual bonding approach may provide a secure and flexible wrapped edge, allowing distinct bonding properties to be tuned for the outer and inner surfaces of the garment. For example, ultrasonic welding may provide a flush, strong bond on the visible outer-facing surface, while adhesive bonding on the inner surface may improve wearer comfort by eliminating rigid seams or mechanical stitching.

[0072] FIG. 5B illustrates an alternative configuration for securing the trim piece 502 to the knit spacer textile 100. As shown in FIG. 5B, the trim piece 502 is configured such that both the first side edge 503 and the second side edge 504 wrap around the knit spacer textile first edge 505. In this arrangement, the trim piece 502 extends over both the first knit layer 104 and the second knit layer 110, with the first side edge 503 of the trim piece 502 joined to the knit spacer textile first edge 505 of the first knit layer 104 and the second side edge 504 is joined to the second knit layer 110. In aspects, an adhesive (e.g., adhesive 514) may be applied to an inner surface 512 of the trim piece 502 to bond the surface facing the knit layer to its respective surface of the knit spacer textile 100.

[0073] Although the trim piece 502 may be located on the top or outer surface or the bottom or inner surface of the knit spacer textile 100, the trim piece 502 may be substantially flat (e.g., within ±5% of the thickness of the knit spacer textile 100) due to the pressure applied during the bonding or welding process. In aspects, the combination of heat and pressure may compress the trim piece 502 into the knit spacer textile 100 surface, creating a low-profile seam.

[0074] In some aspects, the trim piece 502 may be configured such that a first surface is in a face-to-face relationship with the first knit layer 104 while a second surface of the trim piece 502 is in a face-to-face relationship with the second knit layer 110. For example, the trim piece may have an orientation similar to that shown in FIG. 5C where the first surface is coupled to the first knit layer 104 and then the trim piece is folded back to extend beyond the end of the knit spacer textile 100 and wrap around to the second knit layer 110 similar to how it is depicted in both FIGS. 5B and 5C.

[0075] FIG. 5C illustrates another configuration for securing the trim piece 502 to the knit spacer textile 100. As depicted, a seam 516 couples the trim piece 502 to a top or outer surface of the knit spacer textile 100. The seam 516 could be stitching in some aspects. The seam 516 could be ultrasonic welding in other aspects, which may allow a reduced seam allowance (i.e., reduced spacing between the seam and the edge of the knit spacer textile 100).

[0076] In some aspects, adhesive 514 may be present between the trim piece 502 and the top or outer surface of the knit spacer textile. Sometimes the adhesive 514 may seep into the knit spacer textile 100 increasing the strength of the coupling.

[0077] The trim piece 502 is then folded and extends beyond a terminal edge of the knit spacer textile 100. The trim piece is then folded again and extends back to a joining location at a bottom or inner surface of the knit spacer textile 100. As discussed above, the trim piece 502 may be joined to the a bottom or inner surface of the knit spacer textile 100 by ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, or thermal sealing. The configuration depicted in FIG. 5C provides a hem where the seam 516 is covered by the trim piece, which may enhance aesthetics of the garment as well as reduce areas that could rub against, and cause irritation to, the wearer of the garment during use.

[0078] In the illustrated aspect, an adhesive 514 is depicted between the trim piece 502 and the knit spacer textile 100. The adhesive 514 is depicted as spacing the trim piece 502 away from the bottom or inner surface of the knit spacer textile 100 for ease of understanding the construction. However, some aspects may include a much thinner adhesive 514 such that the trim piece 502 effectively abuts the knit spacer textile 100 in a face-to-face relationship.

[0079] In the illustrated aspect, a terminal edge of the trim piece 502 is not aligned with the terminal edge of the knit spacer textile 100. The terminal edge of the trim piece 502 is set back from the terminal edge of the knit spacer textile 100. In other aspects, however, the terminal edge of the trim piece 502 is aligned with the terminal edge of the knit spacer textile 100.

[0080] The configuration depicted in FIG. 5C is particularly beneficial when the knit spacer textile 100 is formed into garments having curved openings, including waist, arm, or leg openings. By stitching the trim piece to the outer face of the knit spacer textile, gathering along curved regions can be reduced, thereby improving conformity of the he to the garment shape during assembly.

[0081] FIG. 5D illustrates a similar configuration for securing the trim piece 502 to the knit spacer textile 100 as shown in FIG. 5C, but further includes an adhesive tape 518 within the trim piece 502. More specifically, in this aspect an adhesive tape 518 is present in the portion of the trim piece 502 that extends beyond the terminal edge of the knit spacer textile 100. In addition to increasing stiffness and structural definition of the hem, the adhesive tape 518 may help the trim piece 502 maintain a desired folded geometry during use and laundering, such as by resisting curling, rolling, or collapse. In other words, this may enable the hem to retain a substantially uniform thickness and profile over time.

[0082] FIG. 6A illustrates an example embodiment in which a first knit spacer textile 100a and a second textile 100b are joined together at a seam 602 using separate trim pieces 502a, 502b applied to each respective textile edge 505a, 505b. The second textile 100b is illustrated as a second knit spacer textile, but may alternatively be a different type of textile. In FIG. 6A, the first knit spacer textile 100a and the second textile 100b are joined together at a seam 602 using separate trim pieces 502a and 502b applied to each respective textile edge 505a, 505b. The first trim piece 502a is positioned along a first edge 505a of the first knit spacer textile 100a, and the second trim piece 502b is positioned along a second edge 505b of the second knit spacer textile 100b. Each trim piece 502a, 502b may be joined to its corresponding textile using one or more bonding techniques, including ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, or heat sealing, as illustrated by adhesive 514. In some aspects, the first trim piece 502a comprises a first end 503a joined to the first knit layer 104a of the first knit spacer textile 100a at the first edge 505a, and a second end 504a joined to the second knit layer 110a. Similarly, the second trim piece 502b comprises a third end 503b joined to a third knit layer 104b of the second knit spacer textile 100b and a fourth end 504b joined to a fourth knit layer 110b of the second knit spacer textile 100b at the second edge 505b.

[0083] As discussed above, the trim pieces 502a and 502b may be configured to wrap partially or fully around the textile edges 505a, 505b or may be surface-mounted to a single face of the respective knit spacer textile 100a, 100b. In such aspects, the trim pieces 502a, 502b may each include a margin or extension that projects beyond the respective textile edge 505a, 505b to form a seam interface (e.g., seam 602). The trim piece 502a may be joined to the first knit layer 104a of the first knit spacer textile 100a and / or the second knit layer 110a, and likewise for the trim piece 502b and the second knit textile 100b, depending on the selected wrapping configuration.

[0084] In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 6A, the first and second trim pieces 502a, 502b are coupled together by stitching to form a secure seam 602. The coupling region may include overlapping or adjacent portions of the trim pieces 502a, 502b that extend beyond the respective textile edges 505a, 505b. In other words, the coupling region may comprise a margin of each respective trim piece. These overlapping regions may form a seam interface that receives stitching or other reinforcement. In some examples, a reinforcing layer may be positioned over the seam 602 to provide additional durability.

[0085] FIG. 6B illustrates an alternative configuration in which the first trim piece 502a and the second trim piece 502b are joined at seam 604 using bonding methods. In this configuration, the bonded connection between the trim pieces 502a, 502b may be formed by adhesive, thermal welding, or ultrasonic welding. This method allows for a flat, flexible seam without the use of stitching, and may improve comfort or reduce friction in high-wear areas. In some aspects, as discussed above, the trim pieces 502a, 502b may include margins that extend outward from the textile edges to provide a bonding region; in other aspects, the trim pieces 502a, 502b may wrap around the respective textile edge 505a, 505b to form a composite structure, with the bonded connection occurring between the wrapped portions of the two trim pieces 502a, 502b.

[0086] FIG. 6C. Illustrates another seam configuration in which the first textile 100a and the second textile 100b are joined directly at a seam 606 without intervening trim pieces. In this embodiment, the first and second textile edges 505a, 505b are positioned in abutting or slightly overlapping relationship and bonded directly together using ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, or thermal sealing. To reinforce the seam 606, a separate reinforcing layer or tape 608 may be applied to an outer surface of the joined knit spacer textiles 100a, 100b. The tape 608 may span across the seam 606 and adhere to both the first textile 100a and second textile 100b using adhesive 514 or a similar bonding mechanism. The tape 608 may also be substantially flat, depending on the application process, allowing for a reinforced yet unobtrusive seam structure.

[0087] A slight variation on the seam configuration depicted in FIG. 6C can include the edges of the first textile 100a and 100b being turned up (i.e., towards an outward facing surface in the as-worn configuration) before being joined together (e.g., ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, stitching, or thermal sealing). Orienting the edges in this way reduces chaffing or other irritation that may be experienced by a wearer from rough edges on an interior of the garment. A separate reinforcing layer or tape may be applied and adhere to both the first textile 100a and the second textile 100b. While being described as turned up, the two edges of the textiles 100a, 100b may extend only a small amount needed to join together and may not be visible on the exterior of the garment when the reinforcing layer or tape is applied.

[0088] FIG. 7 illustrates an upper-body garment 700 formed in whole, or in part, from the knit spacer textile 100. In example aspects, the first knit layer 104 is positioned to face outward or externally as shown. Thus, the first knit layer 104 forms an outer-facing surface including an outermost-facing surface of the upper-body garment 700. In example aspects, the second knit layer 110 faces inwardly to form an inner-facing surface including an innermost-facing surface of the upper-body garment 700. When the upper-body garment 700 is formed from the textile 310 (see FIG. 3B), the first layer 312 faces outward and the second layer 314 faces inward. When the upper-body garment 700 is formed from the textile 320 (see FIG. 3C), the first surface 322 faces outward and the second surface 324 faces inward. In some aspects, the garment may include multiple textile panels joined at seams, such as shoulder seams or sleeve seams, with one or more trim pieces joined to the respective textile edges (discussed in FIG. 8). In some aspects, one or more trim pieces 502 may be applied along garment openings, such as the neck opening 702, waist opening 704, or sleeve openings 706 and 708, to reinforce edges and prevent fraying. In aspects, trim pieces may be applied to either or both the outer and inner surface of the garment to form a top and / or bottom edge reinforcement structure.

[0089] The upper-body garment 700 is depicted as a tank having a front torso portion 710, a back torso portion (not shown), a neck opening 702, a waist opening 704, a first sleeve opening 706, and an opposite second sleeve opening 708. Although shown as a tank, it is contemplated herein that the upper-body garment 700 may include other configurations such as, for example, a top with sleeves, a jacket, a support garment, a bra, a hoodie, a half-tank, and the like. In example aspects, the upper-body garment 700 may be form-fitting, and in other example aspects, the upper-body garment 700 may be not form-fitting (e.g., loose).

[0090] The larger-sized first set of apertures 106 is positioned on the outermost-facing surface of the front torso portion 710, and the smaller-sized second set of apertures 108 is also visible through the first set of apertures 106. The second set of apertures 108 is positioned on the innermost-facing surface of the upper-body garment 700. Aspects herein contemplate that the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108 may also be present on the back torso portion. For example, as depicted near the neck opening 702, the second knit layer 110 is visible as well as the second set of apertures 108.

[0091] The depiction of the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108 in FIG. 7 is illustrative, and aspects herein contemplate that the apertures 106 and 108 may have different sizes than that shown, a different configuration than that shown, and the like. Although the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108 are depicted as being present throughout the front and back torso portions, aspects herein contemplate that the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108 may be zonally located based on, for example, heat and / or sweat maps of the human body. For example, the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108 may be located in areas of high heat and / or sweat-producing parts of the human body (e.g., upper back, upper front).

[0092] As described, air passing over the exterior of the upper-body garment 700 may be funneled into the interior of the upper-body garment 700 by way of the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108. The fast-flowing air may then circulate around the wearer's body helping to cool the wearer. The description regarding the apertures 106 and 108 is also applicable to the apertures 315 and 317 of the textile 310 and the apertures 326 of the textile 320.

[0093] FIG. 8 illustrates an upper-body garment 800. The upper-body garment 800 is depicted as a shirt. In aspects, the upper-body garment 800 comprises multiple zones of ventilation and edge reinforcement structures. Aspects herein contemplate a first textile 802 and a second textile 806 being zonally located based on, for example, heat and / or sweat maps of the human body. For example, a first textile 802 may be present in a first zone 804 and a second textile 806 may be present in a second zone 808, where the first zone 804 is associated with a lower sweat region of the human body and the second zone 808 is associated with a higher sweat region of the human body.

[0094] The first textile 802 may comprise a textile that includes hydrophobic characteristics. In aspects, the first textile 802 may be a knit textile, a double-knit textile, a non-woven textile, or a woven textile. In aspects, the first textile 802 may include a durable water repellant finish applied to one surface. The hydrophobic characteristics of the first textile 802 may encourage perspiration from a wearer to move towards a less hydrophobic portion of the upper-body garment 800 (e.g., second zone 808).

[0095] The second textile 806 may comprise any of textiles 100, 310 or 320. For sake of brevity, the structure of such textiles will not be repeated here, but each such textile may be used in the upper-body garment 800. In aspects, the second layer (e.g., 110, 314, 325) of the second textile 806 may be less hydrophobic (or, said another way, more hydrophilic) than the first textile 802. In this way, perspiration may be taken up more readily by the second textile 806 than the first textile 802.

[0096] In aspects, the upper-body garment 800 may include one or more first zones 804 and one or more second zones 808. For example, the aspect depicted includes one first zone 804 flanked by a second zone 808 on either lateral side thereof.

[0097] In aspects, the first zone 804 may be positioned adjacent to the second zone 808. For example, the first textile 802 may be joined to the second textile 806. In some examples, the first textile 802 may be joined to the second textile 806 at a seam 810 formed by directly bonding the textile edges together, such as through ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, or heat sealing. To reinforce the seam 810, a separate tape 608 or reinforcing layer may be applied to the outer surface of the joined textiles 802 and 806. The tape 608 may span across the seam to enhance seam durability, prevent fraying at the interface, and improve structural continuity between the differing textile zones. In example implementations, the tape 608 comprises a polymeric or flexible laminate material and may be bonded to the underlying textiles using adhesive 514 or similar bonding techniques, thereby forming a seam as shown and described in FIG. 6C.

[0098] FIG. 9 illustrates a lower-body garment 900 comprising multiple zones of ventilation and edge reinforcement structures. The lower-body garment 900 may be formed in whole, or in part, from the knit spacer textile 100. In example aspects, the first knit layer 104 is positioned to face outward or externally as shown. Thus, the first knit layer 104 forms an outer-facing surface including an outermost-facing surface of the lower-body garment 900. In example aspects, the second knit layer 110 faces inwardly and forms an inner-facing surface including an innermost-facing surface of the lower-body garment 900. When the lower-body garment 900 is formed from the textile 310, the first layer 312 faces outward and the second layer 314 faces inward. When the lower-body garment 900 is formed from the textile 320, the first surface 322 faces outward and the second surface 324 faces inward.

[0099] The lower-body garment 900 is depicted as a legging having a front torso portion 902, a back torso portion 904, a waist opening 906, a first leg portion 908 having a first leg opening 910, and a second leg portion 912 having a second leg opening 914. Although shown as a legging, it is contemplated herein that the lower-body garment 900 may include other configurations such as, for example, a three-quarter tight, a half-tight, a short, a singlet, a unitard, and the like. Aspects herein contemplate that the lower-body garment 900 may be form-fitting or loose. In some examples, one or more edges, such as the waist or leg openings, may include a trim piece 502 secured to the textile to help maintain edge definition, reduce fraying, or enhance recovery at high-stretch regions.

[0100] The larger-sized first set of apertures 106 is positioned on the outermost-facing surface of the front torso portion 902, and the smaller-sized second set of apertures 108 is also visible. The second set of apertures 108 is positioned on the innermost-facing surface of the lower-body garment 900. Aspects herein contemplate that the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108 may also be present on the back torso portion 904. The depiction of the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108 in FIG. 9 is illustrative, and aspects herein contemplate that the apertures 106 and 108 may have different sizes than that shown, a different configuration than that shown, and the like. Aspects herein also contemplate that the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108 may be present throughout the front and back torso portions 902 and 904 and the first and second leg portions 908 and 912. The description regarding the apertures 106 and 108 is also applicable to the apertures 315 and 317 of the textile 310 and the apertures 326 of the textile 320.

[0101] As described, air passing over the exterior of the lower-body garment 900 may be funneled into the interior of the lower-body garment 900 by way of the first and second sets of apertures 106 and 108. The fast-flowing air may then circulate around the wearer's body helping to cool the wearer. The description regarding the apertures 106 and 108 is also applicable to the apertures 315 and 317 of the textile 310 and the apertures 326 of the textile 320.

[0102] In one example, the different zones in the garment may be integrally formed. For example, a first zone having the first set of aperture structures and a second zone having a second set of aperture structures may include a common yarn extending across the first and the second zones on at least a first face of the garment.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 10, a lower-body garment 1000 is shown. The lower-body garment 1000 may comprise a pant or a short. In aspects, the lower-body garment 1000 may be comprised of two or more textiles, for example a first textile 1002, a second textile 1006, and a third textile 1012. It is contemplated that the first textile 1002, the second textile 1006, and the third textile 1012 are zonally located based on, for example, heat and / or sweat maps of the human body. Thus, the first textile 1002 may be located in a first zone 1004 and the second textile 1006 may be located in a second zone 1008. The first zone 1004 is shown positioned along an in-seam of the lower-body garment 1000 while a second zone 1008 is shown positioned at a pelvic region of the lower-body garment 1000. In aspects, the first zone 1004 is adjacent the second zone 1008 such that the first textile 1002 is joined to the second textile 1006 at a seam 1010. The seam 1010 may be formed by directly bonding the adjacent edges of the first and second textiles 1002, 1006 using ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, or heat sealing. To reinforce the seam 1010, a tape 608 may be positioned over the outer surface of the joined textiles 1002, 1006, spanning across the seam interface. In some aspects, the tape 608 may also be used to join the second textile 1006 to the third textile 1012, for example at another zone interface or along a different garment panel. Otherwise, the lower-body garment 1000 is similar to the upper-body garment 800 and each of the variations discussed in reference to the upper-body garment 800 need not be repeated here.

[0104] FIG. 11 depicts a flow diagram of an example method 1100 of manufacturing a garment component incorporating a trim piece. At a step 1102, a trim piece is positioned along an edge of a textile material, such as a knit spacer textile. The trim piece may comprise a polymeric or flexible laminate material suitable for bonding to textile surfaces using thermal, adhesive, or ultrasonic processes. The trim piece may include opposing side edges and extend along a longitudinal direction corresponding to the edge of the textile.

[0105] At a step 1104, a first side edge of the trim piece is joined to a first surface of the textile. In some aspects, the first side edge of the trim piece is welded to the textile using ultrasonic energy, forming a secure bond between the trim piece and the textile. The welding process may apply localized heat and pressure to create a fused interface between the materials. In other aspects, adhesive bonding or heat sealing may be used depending on the material composition of the trim and textile.

[0106] At a step 1106, the trim piece is folded over the edge of the textile such that a second side edge of the trim piece overlaps a second, opposite surface of the textile. At step 1108, the surface adjacent to the second side edge is then bonded to the textile surface to form an encapsulated edge structure. In example implementations, the second side edge is secured using a bonding method different from the first—such as using adhesive where ultrasonic welding was used on the first side, or vice versa. In other implementations, the same bonding method is used for both edges. This folding and bonding step creates a wrapped configuration in which the edge of the textile is enclosed between opposing portions of the trim piece, reducing the likelihood of fraying and enhancing seam integrity.

[0107] The resulting edge structure may be continuous along the entire length of the textile edge, such as around a garment opening (e.g., neckline, waist opening, arm opening), or localized to select high-stress areas. The method allows for compatibility with curved edges and may include shaping or notching the trim piece to conform to complex contours. The trim material and bonding technique may be selected based on desired stretch, durability, or aesthetic features.

[0108] In another aspect, a method of manufacturing includes joining a first textile to a second textile at a seam. A first edge of the first textile may be aligned with a second edge of the second textile. The textiles may be knit spacer fabrics or other performance textiles, optionally including ventilation apertures, different stretch properties, or hydrophobic / hydrophilic zones. The aligned textile edges may be directly bonded to one another using ultrasonic welding, adhesive bonding, or heat sealing.

[0109] In some aspects, a reinforcing tape may be applied over the seam on an outer surface of the joined textiles. The tape may span the seam and be joined to both textile surfaces using adhesive 514, ultrasonic welding, or thermal bonding. The tape reinforces the seam without requiring stitching and provides structural continuity while preserving flexibility and comfort. In other aspects, the textiles may be joined directly, without trim pieces or tape, by overlapping or abutting the edges and securing them via ultrasonic welding or adhesive under heat and pressure.

[0110] Turning now to FIGS. 12-14, an upper-body garment 1200 is formed in whole, or in part, from the knit spacer textile 100. In example aspects, the first knit layer 104 is positioned to face outward or externally as shown. Thus, the first knit layer 104 forms an outer-facing surface of the upper-body garment 1200. In example aspects, the second knit layer 110 faces inwardly to form an inner-facing surface of the upper-body garment 1200.

[0111] In some aspects, the upper-body garment 1200 may include multiple textile panels joined at seams, such as shoulder seams or sleeve seams, with one or more trim pieces joined to the respective textile edges (as discussed herein). In some aspects, one or more trim pieces 1202 may be applied along garment openings, such as the neck opening 1204, waist opening 1206, sleeve openings 1208 and 1210, elbow crook openings 1212 and 1214, or underarm openings 1216 and 1218 to reinforce edges and prevent fraying.

[0112] In aspects, trim pieces 1202 may be applied to either or both the outer and inner surface of the garment to form a top and / or bottom edge reinforcement structure. For example, the trim pieces 1202 may be applied along edges of the knit spacer textile 100 in the manner described hereinabove (e.g., such as in reference to FIG. 5A-5D). Hence, trim pieces 1202 may comprise hems at each respective opening.

[0113] Upper-body garment 1200 comprises a long-sleeve shirt in the illustrated example and includes a torso portion 1220, a left sleeve 1222 extending from a left side of the torso portion 1220, and a right sleeve 1224 extending from a right side of the torso portion 1220. The left sleeve 1222 is joined to the torso portion 1220 at a first seam 1226 and the right sleeve 1224 is joined to the torso portion 1220 at a second seam 1228. As depicted, the first seam 1226 and the second seam 1228 are obscured from view by a reinforcing tape applied to the outer surface of the upper-body garment 1200.

[0114] In some aspects, the left sleeve 1222 and the right sleeve 1224 each comprise a 2-piece construction. For example, the right sleeve 1224 may include a shoulder portion 1230 that extends from a proximal edge 1232 to a distal edge 1234. The proximal edge 1232 may be joined to the torso portion by the second seam 1228.

[0115] A lower arm portion 1236 of the right sleeve 1224 may be joined to the shoulder portion 1230 at a third seam 1238. As depicted, the third seam 1238 is obscured from view by a reinforcing tape applied to the outer surface of the upper torso garment 1200.

[0116] In aspects, the third seam 1238 may be located proximate an elbow region of the right sleeve 1224.

[0117] The left sleeve 1222 may comprise a mirror-image of the right sleeve 1224 across centerline of the upper-body garment 1200. Thus, for sake of brevity a description of each aspect of the left sleeve 1222 will not be repeated here.

[0118] The left sleeve 1222 and the right sleeve 1224 may optionally include elbow crook openings 1239. The elbow crook openings 1239 may be positioned at a location on the sleeve intended to cover the elbow crook of a wearer, which may provide relief to that part of the garment and adjacent parts of the garment from repeated motion (e.g., forces from a wearer repeatedly bending their arm at the elbow). The elbow crook openings 1239 may be divided into a proximal half and a distal half. In some aspects, the third seam 1238 intersects the proximal half of the elbow crook opening 1239 in the right sleeve 1224 (and respectively likewise in the left sleeve 1222).

[0119] Each of the left sleeve 1222 and the right sleeve 1224 may include one or more darts 1240. For example, the shoulder portion 1230 of the right sleeve 1224 may optionally include a front dart and a rear dart (best seen in FIG. 13). These darts 1240 may comprise two opposing edges of the shoulder portion 1230 (e.g., where material has been removed) that are joined together at a dart seam 1242. The dart seam 1242 only extends around a fraction of the circumference of the shoulder portion 1224. The dart seams 1242 are obscured from view by a reinforcing tape applied to the outer surface of the upper torso garment 1200. Upper-body garments including one or more darts 1240 have improved mobility as compared with upper-body garments without darts.

[0120] FIG. 14 illustrates a pattern for a 2-piece construction sleeve (e.g., left sleeve 1222 or right sleeve 1224) and is shaped as shown. The pattern includes an upper portion 1402 for forming an upper portion of a sleeve (e.g., shoulder portion 1230) and a lower portion 1404 for forming a lower portion of a sleeve (e.g., lower arm portion 1236). Each piece is cut separately, but the two pattern pieces are positioned near each other to help illustrate how the cut pieces of textile are joined together.

[0121] The upper portion 1402 includes a proximal edge 1406, a first torso edge 1408 opposite a second torso edge 1410. When the textile is cut, the edge formed by the proximal edge 1406 may form a portion of a neck opening perimeter (not illustrated in FIGS. 12-14). Thus, when the garment is finished, a hem (e.g., trim piece 502) may be coupled to the edge. Similarly, when the textile is cut, edges formed by the first torso edge 1408 and the second torso edge 1410 are coupled to a torso portion of the garment (e.g., at the first seam 1226 or second seam 1228).

[0122] The upper portion 1402 also includes dart edges 1412 and 1414 are positioned distally from the first upper joining edge 1408 and the second upper joining edge 1410 relative to the proximal edge 1406. When the textile is cut, the dart edges define the darts 1240.

[0123] The upper portion 1402 also includes first and second underarm cutout edges 1416 and 1418 positioned distally from the dart edges. When the textile is cut, edges formed along the first and second underarm cutout edges 1416 and 1418 remain unaffixed (e.g., from the torso portion) and define a portion of a perimeter of the underarm opening (e.g., 1216 or 1218).

[0124] The upper portion 1402 includes a first upper joining edge 1420 and a second upper joining edge 1422 positioned distally from the first and second underarm cutout edges 1416 and 1418. When the textile is cut, edges formed by the first upper joining edge 1420 opposite a second upper joining edge 1422 are joined at an axial seam 1302 (best seen in FIG. 13) extending distally along a back side of the sleeve.

[0125] In other aspects, the axial seam 1302 may extend distally along the medial aspect of the arm (e.g., the medial bicipital groove).

[0126] The widest region of the upper portion 1402 is defined by the distance between the third upper joining edge 1420 and the fourth upper joining edge 1422. As a result, a textile cut from this pattern includes additional material in the upper arm and shoulder region of the sleeve. This additional material accommodates shoulder movement during use, thereby reducing tensile forces that could otherwise pull the sleeve toward the torso. In turn, this reduces rubbing of the garment against the wearer and improves comfort during dynamic motion.

[0127] The upper portion 1402 also includes a distal edge 1424. When the textile is cut, the edge formed by the distal edge 1424 is joined to the lower arm portion 1236 at third seam 1238. A first elbow crook edge 1426 may be present as a relief in the distal edge 1424. When the textile is cut, the first elbow crook edge 1426 may define a first portion of the elbow crook opening 1239.

[0128] The lower portion 1404 may include a distal edge 1428, a first lower joining edge 1430, and a second lower joining edge 1432. When the textile is cut, the edge formed by the distal edge 1428 is a free edge defining a sleeve opening (e.g., 1208 or 1210). Similarly, when the textile is cut, edges formed by the first upper joining edge 1430 opposite a second upper joining edge 1432 are joined at a second axial seam 1304 (best seen in FIG. 13) extending distally along a back side of the sleeve.

[0129] In other aspects, the axial seam 1302 may extend distally along the ulnar border of the forearm.

[0130] The lower portion 1404 also includes a proximal edge 1434. When the textile is cut, the edge formed by the proximal edge 1434 is joined to the shoulder portion 1230 distal edge 1234 at the third seam 1238. A second elbow crook edge 1436 may be present as a relief in the proximal edge 1434. When the textile is cut, the second elbow crook edge 1436 may define a second portion of the elbow crook opening 1239.

[0131] In the illustrated aspect, the second elbow crook edge 1436 relief is larger than the first elbow crook edge 1426 resulting in the third seam 1238 intersecting a top half of the elbow crook opening 1239. In other words, the area of the elbow crook cutout in the upper portion 1402 is smaller than the area of the elbow cutout in the lower portion. This shaping results in the elbow crook opening 1239 land at the center of the elbow crook of a wearer.

[0132] The following clauses represent example aspects of concepts contemplated herein. Any one of the following clauses may be combined in a multiple dependent manner to depend from one or more other clauses. Further, any combination of dependent clauses (clauses that explicitly depend from a previous clause) may be combined while staying within the scope of aspects contemplated herein. The following clauses are examples and are not limiting.

[0133] Clause 1. An article of apparel comprising: a knit spacer textile comprising a first knit layer formed from a first plurality of yarns, a second knit layer formed from a second plurality of yarns, and a plurality of tie yarns that interconnect the first knit layer and the second knit layer, a plurality of flow-through apertures extending from respective first openings in the first knit layer through the knit spacer textile to respective openings in the second knit layer, the knit spacer textile having a first edge; and a trim piece coupled to the knit spacer textile at the first knit layer at a coupling seam and along the first edge, the trim piece having a first fold such that the trim piece extends from the first fold past the coupling seam and past the first edge to a second fold, the trim piece returning from the second fold and coupled to the knit spacer textile at the second knit layer.

[0134] Clause 2. The article of apparel of clause 1, wherein the trim piece is coupled to the first knit layer and the second knit layer by either ultrasonic welding or bonding with an adhesive.

[0135] Clause 3. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-2, wherein the trim piece is stitched to the knit spacer textile at a first knit layer side and the trim piece is bonded to the knit spacer textile at a second knit layer side with an adhesive.

[0136] Clause 4. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-3 further comprising an adhesive between the first knit layer and the trim piece.

[0137] Clause 5. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-4, wherein the trim piece extends between a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, the trim piece having a first trim surface and a second trim surface, wherein the first trim surface is joined to a first surface of the first knit layer and the second trim surface is joined to a second surface of the second knit layer.

[0138] Clause 6. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-5, wherein the plurality of flow-through apertures each have an oblong or elliptical shape.

[0139] Clause 7. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-6, wherein the first edge extends through one or more of the plurality of flow-through apertures.

[0140] Clause 8. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-7, wherein the first edge comprises an elbow crook opening.

[0141] Clause 9. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-8, wherein the first edge comprises a sleeve cuff opening.

[0142] Clause 10. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-9, wherein the first edge comprises a waist opening.

[0143] Clause 11. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-10, wherein the first edge comprises a neck opening.

[0144] Clause 12. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-11, wherein the article of apparel is an upper-body garment.

[0145] Clause 13. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-12, wherein the upper-body garment comprises one of a shirt, a tank top, a jacket, a hoodie, or a sweater.

[0146] Clause 14. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-13, wherein the article of apparel is a lower-body garment.

[0147] Clause 15. The article of apparel of any of clauses 1-14, wherein the lower-body garment comprises one of a short, a pant, a legging, or a skirt.

[0148] Clause 16. An article of apparel comprising: a torso portion comprising a first knit spacer textile, the first knit spacer textile comprising: a first knit layer formed from a first plurality of yarns; a second knit layer formed from a second plurality of yarns; a plurality of tie yarns interconnecting the first knit layer and the second knit layer; and a first set of apertures extending through the first knit layer and a second set of apertures extending through the second knit layer, each aperture in the second set of apertures being axially aligned with a corresponding aperture in the first set of apertures; and an upper-arm portion comprising a second knit spacer textile, the second knit spacer textile comprising: a third knit layer formed from a third plurality of yarns; a fourth knit layer formed from a fourth plurality of yarns; and a second plurality of tie yarns interconnecting the third knit layer and the fourth knit layer; a first seam coupling the upper-arm portion to the torso portion; a lower-arm portion comprising a third knit spacer textile, the third knit spacer textile comprising: a fifth knit layer formed from a fifth plurality of yarns; a sixth knit layer formed from a sixth plurality of yarns; and a third plurality of tie yarns interconnecting the fifth knit layer and the sixth knit layer; a second seam coupling the lower-arm portion to the upper-arm portion; and an elbow-crook opening positioned to overlie an elbow crook of a wearer when the article of apparel is donned.

[0149] Clause 17. The article of apparel of clause 16, wherein each of the first seam and the second seam is covered by one or more lengths of a reinforcing tape joined to an outer surface of the torso portion and the upper-arm portion.

[0150] Clause 18. The article of apparel of any of clauses 16-17, wherein the elbow crook opening has a proximal portion and a distal portion, the distal portion being distal to the proximal portion relative to the torso portion, wherein the second seam intersects the elbow crook opening at perimeter edges of the elbow crook opening.

[0151] Clause 19. The article of apparel of any of clauses 16-18, wherein the second seam intersects the perimeter edges of the elbow crook opening at an upper half of the elbow crook opening.

[0152] Clause 20. The article of apparel of any of clauses 16-19, wherein the upper-arm portion further comprises a front dart and a rear dart, the front dart and the rear dart each comprising: a first portion of the second knit spacer textile having a first edge and a second portion of the knit spacer textile having a second edge; and the first edge and the second edge joined by a dart seam.

[0153] Clause 21. The article of apparel of any of clauses 16-20, wherein each dart seam is covered by one or more lengths of a reinforcing tape joined to an outer surface of the upper-arm portion.

[0154] Clause 22. An upper-body garment comprising: a torso portion; and a sleeve coupled to the torso portion at a shoulder seam, wherein at least one of the torso portion and the sleeve comprises a knit spacer textile, the knit spacer textile comprising: a first knit layer; a second kit layer; a plurality of tie yarns extending between the first knit layer and the second knit layer; a plurality of flow-through apertures extending from respective openings in the first knit layer to respective openings in the second knit layer; wherein the sleeve comprises a two-piece construction including an upper sleeve portion and a lower sleeve portion joined together at an elbow seam located proximate an elbow region of the sleeve; and wherein the upper sleeve portion includes a maximum circumference positioned distally from the shoulder seam and proximally from the elbow seam.

[0155] Clause 23. The upper-body garment of clause 22 further comprising an elbow crook opening positioned to overlie an elbow crook of a wearer when the upper-body garment is in an as-worn configuration.

[0156] Clause 24. The upper-body garment of any of clauses 22-23, wherein the elbow seam extends around a partial circumference of the sleeve from a first intersection with the elbow crook opening to a second intersection with the elbow crook opening.

[0157] Clause 25. The upper-body garment of any of clauses 22-24, wherein the upper sleeve portion includes a first underarm cutout edge and a second underarm cutout edge that are each unaffixed to torso portion and define at least a portion of a perimeter of an underarm opening.

[0158] Clause 26. The upper-body garment of any of clauses 22-25further comprising a sleeve seam extending along the upper sleeve portion from the perimeter of the underarm opening to the elbow seam.

[0159] Clause 27. The upper-body garment of any of clauses 22-26 further comprising the sleeve seam extending along the lower sleeve portion from the elbow seam to a distal end of the sleeve.

[0160] Clause 28. The upper-body garment of any of clauses 22-27 further comprising a front dart seam and a rear dart seam in a respective front of the upper sleeve portion and a respective back of the upper sleeve portion, each of the front dart seam and the rear dart seam extending from a perimeter of the underarm opening.

[0161] Clause 29. The upper-body garment of any of clauses 22-28 further comprising a second sleeve joined to the torso portion at a second shoulder seam.

[0162] Clause 30. The upper-body garment of any of clauses 22-29, wherein both the torso portion and the sleeve comprise the knit spacer textile.

[0163] Clause 31. The upper-body garment of any of clauses 22-30, wherein the upper sleeve portion forms a part of a neck opening perimeter in the torso portion.

[0164] Clause 32. An article of apparel comprising: a first knit spacer textile comprising: a first knit layer formed from a first plurality of yarns; a second knit layer formed from a second plurality of yarns; a plurality of tie yarns that interconnect the first knit layer and the second knit layer; a first set of apertures extending through the first knit layer and a second set of apertures extending through the second knit layer, each aperture in the second set of apertures being axially aligned with a corresponding aperture in the first set of apertures; and a first edge defined along a first terminal region of the first knit spacer textile; a second textile comprising a second edge defined along a second terminal region of the second textile; and a seam joining the first edge to the second edge.

[0165] Clause 33. The article of apparel of clause 32, further comprising a reinforcing layer positioned on an outer surface of the article of apparel, the reinforcing layer overlapping at least a portion of the seam.

[0166] Clause 34. The article of apparel of any of clauses 32-33, wherein the seam joining the first edge and the second edge is by ultrasonically welded.

[0167] Clause 35. The article of apparel of any of clauses 32-34, wherein the first edge and the second edge are turned up along the seam such.

[0168] Clause 36. The article of apparel of any of clauses 32-35 further comprising a first dart formed in a front shoulder region of a first sleeve.

[0169] Clause 37. The article of apparel of any of clauses 32-36, wherein the dart comprises a first textile edge joined to a second textile edge at a second seam, a second reinforcing layer is positioned on an outer surface of the article of apparel, the second reinforcing layer overlapping at least a portion of the second seam.

[0170] Clause 38. An article of apparel comprising: a textile comprising a first surface and a second surface,, the textile having a first edge; and a trim piece coupled to the textile at the first layer at a coupling seam and along the first edge, the trim piece having a first fold such that the trim piece extends from the first fold past the coupling seam and past the first edge to a second fold, the trim piece returning from the second fold and coupled to the textile at the second layer.

[0171] Clause 39. The article of apparel of clause 38, wherein the textile comprises a knit textile.

[0172] Clause 40. The article of apparel of any of clauses 38-39, wherein the knit textile first knit layer formed from a first plurality of yarns and a second knit layer formed from a second plurality of yarns, wherein the first knit layer comprises the first surface and the second knit layer comprises the second surface.

[0173] Clause 41. The article of apparel of any of clauses 38-40, wherein the knit textile comprises a knit spacer textile.

[0174] Clause 42. The article of apparel of any of clauses 38-41, wherein the knit spacer textile comprises a plurality of tie yarns extending between the first knit layer and the second knit layer.

[0175] Clause 43. The article of apparel of any of clauses 38-42 further comprising a plurality of flow-through apertures extending from an opening in the first surface through the textile to an opening in the second surface.

[0176] Clause 44. The article of apparel of any of clauses 38-43 further comprising a plurality of flow-through apertures extending from an opening in the first knit layer through the knit textile to an opening in the second knit layer.

[0177] Clause 45. The article of apparel of any of clauses 38-44 further comprising a plurality of flow-through apertures extending from an opening in the first knit layer through the knit spacer textile to an opening in the second knit layer.

[0178] Aspects of the present disclosure have been described with the intent to be illustrative rather than restrictive. Alternative aspects will become apparent to those skilled in the art that do not depart from its scope. A skilled artisan may develop alternative means of implementing the aforementioned improvements without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0179] It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations and are contemplated within the scope of the claims. Not all steps listed in the various figures need be carried out in the specific order described.

Claims

1. An article of apparel comprising:a knit spacer textile comprising a first knit layer formed from a first plurality of yarns, a second knit layer formed from a second plurality of yarns, and a plurality of tie yarns that interconnect the first knit layer and the second knit layer,a plurality of flow-through apertures extending from respective first openings in the first knit layer through the knit spacer textile to respective openings in the second knit layer,the knit spacer textile having a first edge; anda trim piece coupled to the knit spacer textile at the first knit layer at a coupling seam and along the first edge, the trim piece having a first fold such that the trim piece extends from the first fold past the coupling seam and past the first edge to a second fold, the trim piece returning from the second fold and coupled to the knit spacer textile at the second knit layer.

2. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein the trim piece is coupled to the first knit layer and the second knit layer by either ultrasonic welding or bonding with an adhesive.

3. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein the trim piece is stitched to the knit spacer textile at a first knit layer side and the trim piece is bonded to the knit spacer textile at a second knit layer side with an adhesive.

4. The article of apparel of claim 1 further comprising an adhesive between the first knit layer and the trim piece.

5. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein the trim piece extends between a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, the trim piece having a first trim surface and a second trim surface, wherein the first trim surface is joined to a first surface of the first knit layer and the second trim surface is joined to a second surface of the second knit layer.

6. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein the plurality of flow-through apertures each have an oblong or elliptical shape.

7. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein the first edge extends through one or more of the plurality of flow-through apertures.

8. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein the first edge comprises an elbow crook opening.

9. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein the first edge comprises a sleeve cuff opening.

10. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein the first edge comprises a waist opening.

11. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein the first edge comprises a neck opening.

12. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein the article of apparel is an upper-body garment.

13. The article of apparel of claim 12, wherein the upper-body garment comprises one of a shirt, a tank top, a jacket, a hoodie, or a sweater.

14. The article of apparel of claim 1, wherein the article of apparel is a lower-body garment.

15. The article of apparel of claim 14, wherein the lower-body garment comprises one of a short, a pant, a legging, or a skirt.

16. An article of apparel comprising:a torso portion comprising a first knit spacer textile, the first knit spacer textile comprising:a first knit layer formed from a first plurality of yarns;a second knit layer formed from a second plurality of yarns;a plurality of tie yarns interconnecting the first knit layer and the second knit layer; anda first set of apertures extending through the first knit layer and a second set of apertures extending through the second knit layer, each aperture in the second set of apertures being axially aligned with a corresponding aperture in the first set of apertures; andan upper-arm portion comprising a second knit spacer textile, the second knit spacer textile comprising:a third knit layer formed from a third plurality of yarns;a fourth knit layer formed from a fourth plurality of yarns; anda second plurality of tie yarns interconnecting the third knit layer and the fourth knit layer;a first seam coupling the upper-arm portion to the torso portion;a lower-arm portion comprising a third knit spacer textile, the third knit spacer textile comprising:a fifth knit layer formed from a fifth plurality of yarns;a sixth knit layer formed from a sixth plurality of yarns; anda third plurality of tie yarns interconnecting the fifth knit layer and the sixth knit layer;a second seam coupling the lower-arm portion to the upper-arm portion; andan elbow-crook opening positioned to overlie an elbow crook of a wearer when the article of apparel is donned.

17. The article of apparel of claim 16, wherein each of the first seam and the second seam is covered by one or more lengths of a reinforcing tape joined to an outer surface of the torso portion and the upper-arm portion.

18. The article of apparel of claim 16, wherein the elbow crook opening has a proximal portion and a distal portion, the distal portion being distal to the proximal portion relative to the torso portion, wherein the second seam intersects the elbow crook opening at perimeter edges of the elbow crook opening.

19. The article of apparel of claim 18, wherein the second seam intersects the perimeter edges of the elbow crook opening at an upper half of the elbow crook opening.

20. The article of apparel of claim 16, wherein the upper-arm portion further comprises a front dart and a rear dart, the front dart and the rear dart each comprising:a first portion of the second knit spacer textile having a first edge and a second portion of the knit spacer textile having a second edge; andthe first edge and the second edge joined by a dart seam.

21. The article of apparel of claim 20, wherein each dart seam is covered by one or more lengths of a reinforcing tape joined to an outer surface of the upper-arm portion.

22. An upper-body garment comprising:a torso portion; anda sleeve coupled to the torso portion at a shoulder seam,wherein at least one of the torso portion and the sleeve comprises a knit spacer textile, the knit spacer textile comprising:a first knit layer;a second kit layer;a plurality of tie yarns extending between the first knit layer and the second knit layer;a plurality of flow-through apertures extending from respective openings in the first knit layer to respective openings in the second knit layer;wherein the sleeve comprises a two-piece construction including an upper sleeve portion and a lower sleeve portion joined together at an elbow seam located proximate an elbow region of the sleeve; andwherein the upper sleeve portion includes a maximum circumference positioned distally from the shoulder seam and proximally from the elbow seam.

23. The upper-body garment of claim 22 further comprising an elbow crook opening positioned to overlie an elbow crook of a wearer when the upper-body garment is in an as-worn configuration.

24. The upper-body garment of claim 23, wherein the elbow seam extends around a partial circumference of the sleeve from a first intersection with the elbow crook opening to a second intersection with the elbow crook opening.

25. The upper-body garment of claim 22, wherein the upper sleeve portion includes a first underarm cutout edge and a second underarm cutout edge that are each unaffixed to torso portion and define at least a portion of a perimeter of an underarm opening.

26. The upper-body garment of claim 25 further comprising a sleeve seam extending along the upper sleeve portion from the perimeter of the underarm opening to the elbow seam.

27. The upper-body garment of claim 26 further comprising the sleeve seam extending along the lower sleeve portion from the elbow seam to a distal end of the sleeve.

28. The upper-body garment of claim 25 further comprising a front dart seam and a rear dart seam in a respective front of the upper sleeve portion and a respective back of the upper sleeve portion, each of the front dart seam and the rear dart seam extending from a perimeter of the underarm opening.

29. The upper-body garment of claim 25 further comprising a second sleeve joined to the torso portion at a second shoulder seam.

30. The upper-body garment of claim 22, wherein both the torso portion and the sleeve comprise the knit spacer textile.

31. The upper-body garment of claim 22, wherein the upper sleeve portion forms a part of a neck opening perimeter in the torso portion.

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