Systems and methods for multi-finger caliper tool

Abstract

Systems and methods for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool are provided. A method for an MFC tool on a digital slickline (DSL) in a well at a wellsite includes: collecting MFC raw data from a plurality of fingers of an MFC tool while downhole, processing the MFC raw data, the processing including: determining values for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool from the MFC raw data over time, generating calibrated data by applying a calibration to the MFC raw data and to the processed determined values, and extracting key information from the calibrated data and values for each finger of the MFC tool the key information including a calibrated minimum, maximum, and average radius values for all fingers together, sorting the extracted key information, including generating a log of the key information, and electronically transmitting the log on the DSL to a surface of the wellsite.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool, and more particularly, to systems and methods for a multi-finger caliper tool for a digital slickline (DSL) operation.BACKGROUND

[0002] Assessment of oil / gas well corrosion during the production phase of a well is a complex problem of identifying and characterizing casing corrosion and other defects of various forms caused by many factors. For example, such assessment may not adequately characterize small localized faults (e.g., ditches and holes) in the casing, may not accurately estimate the operating envelope of the well (e.g., based on the topology of faults and their grouping), and may not adequately identify and quantify reductions in the residual thickness of the casing wall. It is known to use single-strand smooth cables of the “piano wire” or “slickline” type to perform various mechanical operations (commonly referred to as “cable operations” or “slickline operations”) down an oil well or a well for some other effluent (e.g., gas, steam, water). For example, such operations may include opening and closing valves, putting elements into place, or perforating a wall. Moreover, existing assessment means may not be operable in some conditions encountered in the well during the production phase (e.g., gas, live production fluids, clear liquids).

[0003] Some existing tools for characterizing casing corrosion include multi-finger caliper (MFC) tools. Such MFC tools may determine variations in the inner diameter (ID) of the casing, which can be utilized in identifying corroded zones of the casing. Multi-finger caliper tools usually generate a significant amount of data. Data is acquired within the radius of each “finger,” and the data is typically transmitted and stored at high frequency to get a precise vertical resolution. For a telemetry-enabled slickline, e.g., a digital slickline, this poses a challenge because the amount of data that can be transmitted along the slickline is not enough to transmit data from all of the MFC tool's fingers at a high frequency.

[0004] Accordingly, there is a need for systems and methods for a multi-finger caliper tool, and more particularly, to systems and methods for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool for a digital slickline (DSL) operation.SUMMARY

[0005] This disclosure pertains to systems and methods for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool.

[0006] A first aspect of this disclosure pertains to a method for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool on a digital slickline (DSL) in a well at a wellsite, including: collecting MFC raw data from a plurality of fingers of an MFC tool while the MFC tool is downhole in a well, processing the MFC raw data, the processing including: determining at least one of: respective last-received data, a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool from the MFC raw data over a predefined period of time, generating calibrated data by applying a calibration to the MFC raw data and to the determined at least one of: respective last-received data, minimum radius value, maximum radius value, and average radius value, and extracting key information from the calibrated data and values for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool the key information including a calibrated minimum radius value, a calibrated maximum radius value, and a calibrated average radius value for all of the plurality of fingers together over the predefined time period, sorting the extracted key information, the sorting including generating a log of the key information, and electronically transmitting the log on the DSL to a surface of the wellsite.

[0007] A second aspect of this disclosure pertains to the method of the first aspect, and further includes: calculating an eccentricity of the MFC tool in the well, including, at each of a plurality of depths, identifying, for each of the plurality of depths, how far off-center the MFC tool is shifted in the well on an x-y axis, a center of the x-y axis being at a center of the well in cross-section, and generating eccentralized data by eccentralizating the calibrated data based on the calculated eccentricity of the MFC tool, the eccentralization including, at each of the plurality of depths, applying a shift correction to the calibrated data and values for each of the plurality of fingers by adding or subtracting a distance from the center on the x-y axis to each point for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool based on its respective position on the MFC tool.

[0008] A third aspect of this disclosure pertains to the method of the second aspect, and further includes centering the MFC tool in the well via one or more centralizers based on the calculated eccentricity of the MFC tool.

[0009] A fourth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the method of the first aspect, and further includes, before downhole operation of the MFC tool: testing control of each of the plurality of fingers, applying a calibration jig to generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool, comparing data related to a status of the MFC tool to expected values to identify a deviation from expected values or abnormal behavior of the MFC tool, and testing the MFC tool to determine a status of the MFC tool and whether sensors and motors are functional.

[0010] A fifth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the method of the first aspect, and further includes, while the MFC tool is being conveyed within the well: initially conveying the MFC tool in the well with the plurality of fingers and centralizers closed, collecting core information of a toolstring in which the MFC tool is included for positioning of tools and control of conveyance versus reference depth data, determining a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for the MFC tool in the well, determining a status of the MFC tool, and receiving calibrated data from one or more accelerometers associated with the MFC tool.

[0011] A sixth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the method of the first aspect, and further includes controlling the fingers of the MFC tool, including: controlling proper opening or closing of calipers and centralizers of the MFC tool by comparing reference curves of motor current and voltage to real-time curves to control tool functions, comparing measurements of an internal radius of the well versus a targeted internal radius of the well, receiving minimum, maximum, and average radius values, and determining a status of the MFC tool, a temperature of the MFC tool, and motor voltage and current of the MFC tool.

[0012] A seventh aspect of this disclosure pertains to the method of the first aspect, and further includes a logging phase including: moving the MFC tool downward in the well, performing the processing of the MFC raw data, computing a difference between an average MFC tool radius and an individual finger radius at a same depth, receiving minimum, maximum, and average radius values, and determining a relative bearing of the MFC tool.

[0013] An eighth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the method of the first aspect, and further includes, after the collecting of the MFC raw data: applying a calibration jig to generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool, and storing the generated calibration parameters for reuse in a future MFC tool operation.

[0014] A ninth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the method of the first aspect, wherein the MFC tool includes: a battery sub for packaging an internal battery, cartridge-to-package electronics, and one or more sondes for packaging the fingers, one or more motors, and electronics of the MFC tool.

[0015] A tenth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the method of the first aspect, and further includes: identifying whether any finger of the MFC tool is a bad finger, and repairing or removing at least one finger of the MFC tool that is identified as a bad finger.

[0016] An eleventh aspect of this disclosure pertains to the method of the first aspect, wherein: the sorting the extracted key information further includes compressing the log for electronic data transmission, and the method further includes decompressing and displaying the log on a human-machine interface (HMI).

[0017] A twelfth aspect of this disclosure pertains to a system for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool on a digital slickline (DSL) in a well at a wellsite, including: one or more processors, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to: collecting MFC raw data from a plurality of fingers of an MFC tool while the MFC tool is downhole in a well, process the MFC raw data, the processing including: determining at least one of: respective last-received data, a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool from the MFC raw data over a predefined period of time, generating calibrated data by applying a calibration to the MFC raw data and to the determined at least one of: respective last-received data, minimum radius value, maximum radius value, and average radius value, and extracting key information from the calibrated data and values for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool the key information including a calibrated minimum radius value, a calibrated maximum radius value, and a calibrated average radius value for all of the plurality of fingers together over the predefined time period, sort the extracted key information, the sorting including generating a log of the key information, and electronically transmit the log on the DSL to a surface of the wellsite.

[0018] A thirteenth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the system of the twelfth aspect, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to: calculate an eccentricity of the MFC tool in the well, including, at each of a plurality of depths, identifying, for each of the plurality of depths, how far off-center the MFC tool is shifted in the well on an x-y axis, a center of the x-y axis being at a center of the well in cross-section, and generate eccentralized data by eccentralizating the calibrated data based on the calculated eccentricity of the MFC tool, the eccentralization including, at each of the plurality of depths, applying a shift correction to the calibrated data and values for each of the plurality of fingers by adding or subtracting a distance from the center on the x-y axis to each point for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool based on its respective position on the MFC tool.

[0019] A fourteenth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the system of the thirteenth aspect, and further includes one or more centralizers configured to center the MFC tool in the well based on the calculated eccentricity of the MFC tool.

[0020] A fifteenth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the system of the twelfth aspect, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to, before downhole operation of the MFC tool: test control of each of the plurality of fingers, generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool using a calibration jig, compare data related to a status of the MFC tool to expected values to identify a deviation from expected values or abnormal behavior of the MFC tool, and test the MFC tool to determine a status of the MFC tool and whether sensors and motors are functional.

[0021] A sixteenth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the system of the twelfth aspect, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to, while the MFC tool is being conveyed within the well: initially convey the MFC tool in the well with the plurality of fingers and centralizers closed, collect core information of a toolstring in which the MFC tool is included for positioning of tools and control of conveyance versus reference depth data, determine a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for the MFC tool in the well, determine a status of the MFC tool, and receive calibrated data from one or more accelerometers associated with the MFC tool.

[0022] A seventeenth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the system of the twelfth aspect, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to control the fingers of the MFC tool, including: controlling proper opening or closing of calipers and centralizers of the MFC tool by comparing reference curves of motor current and voltage to real-time curves to control tool functions, comparing measurements of an internal radius of the well versus a targeted internal radius of the well, receiving minimum, maximum, and average radius values, and determining a status of the MFC tool, a temperature of the MFC tool, and motor voltage and current of the MFC tool.

[0023] An eighteenth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the system of the twelfth aspect, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to perform a logging phase including: moving the MFC tool downward in the well, performing the processing of the MFC raw data, computing a difference between an average MFC tool radius and an individual finger radius at a same depth, receiving minimum, maximum, and average radius values, and determining a relative bearing of the MFC tool.

[0024] A nineteenth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the system of the twelfth aspect, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to, after the collecting of the MFC raw data: generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool using a calibration jig, and store the generated calibration parameters for reuse in a future MFC tool operation.

[0025] A twentieth aspect of this disclosure pertains to the system of the twelfth aspect, wherein the MFC tool includes: a battery sub for packaging an internal battery, cartridge-to-package electronics, and one or more sondes for packaging the fingers, one or more motors, and electronics of the MFC tool.

[0026] A twenty-first aspect of this disclosure pertains to the system of the twelfth aspect, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to: identify whether any finger of the MFC tool is a bad finger, and initiate repair or removal of at least one finger of the MFC tool that is identified as a bad finger.

[0027] A twenty-second aspect of this disclosure pertains to the system of the twelfth aspect, and further includes: a human-machine interface (HMI), wherein the sorting the extracted key information further includes compressing the log for electronic data transmission, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to decompress the log, and wherein the HMI is configured to display the decompressed log.

[0028] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0029] Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of such embodiments. The features and advantages of such embodiments may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims or may be learned by the practice of such embodiments as set forth hereinafter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] To describe the manner in which the above-recited and other features of the disclosure can be obtained, a more particular description will be rendered by reference to specific implementations thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. For better understanding, the like elements have been designated by like reference numbers throughout the various accompanying figures. While some of the drawings may be schematic or exaggerated representations of concepts, at least some of the drawings may be drawn to scale. Understanding that the drawings depict some example implementations, the implementations will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:

[0031] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a digital slickline operation site in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool operation in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a data flow method for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool operation in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 4 is a graph of a calibrated radius (CRAD) for each finger of an MFC tool in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 5 is a table showing a color classification in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 6 is a chart of a calibrated radius image (CRAM) in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 7 is a set of cross-sectional views of wells and a portion of MFC tools in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 8 is a chart of a CRAM image without centralization correction in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 9 is a chart of a CRAM image with centralization correction in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 10 illustrates certain components that may be included within a computer system according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Before explaining the disclosed embodiment of this disclosure in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the particular arrangement shown, as the invention is capable of other embodiments. Example embodiments are illustrated in referenced figures of the drawings. It is intended that the embodiments and figures disclosed herein are to be considered illustrative rather than limiting. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] While the subject disclosure applies to embodiments in many different forms, there are shown in the drawings and will be described in detail herein specific embodiments with the understanding that the present disclosure is an example of the principles of the invention. It is not intended to limit the invention to the specific illustrated embodiments. The features of the invention disclosed herein in the description, drawings, and claims can be significant, both individually and in any desired combinations, for the operation of the invention in its various embodiments. Features from one embodiment can be used in other embodiments of the invention. In the description of the drawings, like reference numerals refer to like elements.

[0043] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may implement selection, processing, and display of key parameters for multi-finger caliper (MFC) tools, for example, for a digital slickline (DSL) operation.

[0044] Example embodiments may solve the conventional problems in operating an MFC tool by selecting proper data according to operation phase, for example, a surface test, a conveyance, or a logging phase. Processing may also be done to propose relevant data to a user for monitoring and control of acquisition of materials by the MFC tool. In accordance with example embodiments, MFC tool operation on a digital slickline (DSL) can be performed with a high degree of certainty of proper acquisition, on depth, and with possible real-time updates of the operation sequence.

[0045] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a digital slickline operation site in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] FIG. 1 illustrates some examples of equipment that may be used at an example digital slickline operation site 100. A digital slickline (DSL) operation may involve three types of equipment: surface equipment 105, a cable 110, e.g., a digital slickline (DSL) cable, and downhole equipment 115. The surface equipment 100 may include, for example, a winch 120 to operate the cable 110 via an installation 125 at the surface of a well, a transceiver located in the unit 130 to send and / or receive telemetry from the cable 110 at the surface, and computer 135 to process, control, display, and store information from the surface equipment 105 and telemetry information. The cable 110 may transmit telemetry to send and / or receive information between the surface equipment 105 and the downhole equipment 115. If the cable 110 is a digital slickline, it may allow low-bandwidth telemetry as compared to a wireline cable, and may not transmit power to the downhole equipment 115. The cable 110 should be strong enough to convey the downhole equipment 115 to at least a target depth, and should allow jarring and pulling up to its breaking limit. It should be appreciated that the term “down” may also refer to a direction deeper into a well or farther from a surface or well entrance, for example, with respect to a vertical well and / or a horizontal well.

[0047] The downhole equipment 115, which may also be referred to as a “toolstring,” may include any of the following operational equipment, e.g., on the cable 110, for use underground, for example, inside a casing and / or tubing: one or more core digital slickline tools 140, an MFC interface 145, a mechanical cross-over 150, an MFC tool 155, and a bottom nose 160.

[0048] The one or more core digital slickline tools 140 may enable core DSL functions, such as: sending / receiving telemetry from cable, providing a battery to distribute power to all downhole tools, embedding sensors, such as pressure and temperature sensors, providing a casing collar locator (CCL), detecting natural gamma rays, detecting shock, detecting tension on the cable 110, and / or providing an accelerometer. This list is not intended to be limiting, and the digital slickline tools 140 may provide other or additional functionality. For MFC operation, the MFC interface 145 may receive data, e.g., from an internal bus of the MFC tool 155, and may send the data to an internal digital slickline downhole tool bus such that relevant data is provided to the appropriate core digital slickline tools 140. The mechanical cross-over 150 may provide cross-over functionality between the MFC tool 155 to the digital slickline tools 140.

[0049] The MFC tool 155 may include a battery sub 165 to package an internal battery (not shown directly in FIG. 1, but inherently inside packaging when in use), cartridge-to-package electronics 170, one or more centralizers 175, 180 for centering (or eccentralizing) the MFC tool 155 inside the casing / tubing, and one or more sondes 185 to package the calipers / fingers of the MFC tool 155 and associated motor(s) and electronics (not shown directly in FIG. 1, but inherently inside packaging when in use). The bottom nose 160 may be provided as an end of the toolstring, e.g., for sealing connection and / or for protecting a bottom part of the toolstring. The MFC tool 155 is not limited to the above-described features, and may include other or additional elements as desired.

[0050] FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool operation in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] With reference to FIG. 2, execution of multi-finger caliper (MFC) operation, e.g., operation of the MFC tool 155 of FIG. 1, may include several steps or operations. According to those steps / operations, different modes can be defined with associated activities. A method 200 for an MFC tool operation may include the following steps or operations: a surface test 210, a run in hole 220, a depth correlation 230, tool positioning 240, opening calipers and centralizers 250, a main pass and / or a repeat pass 260, closing the calipers and centralizers 270, pulling out of the hole 280, and post-job control 290. The surface test 210 may be a test mode, and may involve activities related to control of one or more fingers of the MFC tool, activities that may be performed before calibration of the tool, and may involve activities related to general control of the MFC tool.

[0052] In a conveyance mode, the following information may be available: (1) minimum, maximum, and average radius, which may be provided at a low frequency (e.g., 1-5 Hz) for all of the sondes, where one or more sondes can be in the toolstring; (2) individual tool status, e.g., sonde(s), centralizers, cartridge; (3) tool temperature; and (4) calibrated data from all accelerometers e.g., from all tools, which may include inclination and relative bearing data. Embodiments are not limited to this list. The run in hole 220 may be a conveyance mode, and may involve activities related to basic control of the MFC tool and basic control of conveyance. The depth correlation 230 may be a conveyance mode, and may involve activities related to basic control of the MFC tool and basic control of conveyance. The tool positioning 240 may be a conveyance mode, and may involve activities related to basic control of the MFC tool and basic control of conveyance. The opening calipers and centralizers 250 may be an arms / centralizers control mode, e.g., for controlling the calipers / fingers of the MFC tool 155 and / or the one or more centralizers 175, 180 of FIG. 1, and may involve activities related to control of motor / current and status of the MFC tool, and control of an inner pipe diameter. The pulling out of the hole 280 may be a conveyance mode, and may involve activities related to basic control of the MFC tool and basic control of conveyance. The post-job control 290 may be a test mode, and may involve activities related to control of one or more fingers of the MFC tool, activities that may be performed after calibration of the tool, may involve activities related to general control of the MFC tool, and may involve answer product generation activities, e.g., from memory data containing high-resolution information. The post-job control 290 may include applying a calibration jig to generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool and storing the generated calibration parameters for reuse in a future MFC tool operation.

[0053] Each mode may have a unique set of (e.g., limited) data received at surface. The modes may be predefined before the operation, but can be tuned if needed or desired, for example, by programming an MFC interface tool, e.g., the the MFC interface 145 of FIG. 1. This feature may enable allocating only relevant data to the telemetry, which may allow good, improved, or optimum use of limited bandwidth and a large amount of MFC data. A description of various modes and activities may be described as follows.1. Test—Control of Finger

[0054] Prior to sending the MFC tool to the field of operation or at a field location, a user may check caliper data output. For example, data on calibration of the caliper fingers of the MFC tool should be available, even at a low frequency, to ensure that control of the finger output is correct. During this activity, raw data on all fingers are provided, but at a reduced sampling rate. For example, it may be determined that all raw or calibrated fingers data is acceptable from 1 to 5 seconds.2. Test—Before Calibration

[0055] Before a calibration process is performed, it may be desirable to characterize existing calibrated output versus known external radius, e.g., with a calibration jig. A set of calibration parameters may be calculated and stored for job usage. For better statistics, at least 100 points may be needed per finger. Therefore, a high frequency of acquisition may be needed to perform this task in a reasonable amount of time, e.g., in less than 10 minutes. This can be done, for example, by using memorized data or direct connection to acquisition system, or by sending relevant averaged raw finger data, and may avoid using slickline cable for telemetry. Then, calibration parameters for all individual fingers may be calculated and stored, and can be reused for a next job. Similarly to the control of finger activity, this activity can be used to detect any faulty finger.3. Test—General Control of the MFC Tool

[0056] In the test mode, all raw data of the MFC tool should be available, even at low frequency (e.g., data available every 1 to 5 seconds (1-5 Hz)). Data related to status of equipment, e.g., temperature, voltage, current, accelerometer data, etc., may be available and compared to standard or expected values. Any deviation or abnormal behavior may be reported.4. Conveyance—Basic Control of MFC

[0057] The MFC tool may be conveyed in the well with all fingers and centralizers closed. In this mode, individual finger data is not very useful, so only an average of data for the fingers may be sufficient for this mode. Data on status, relative bearing, inclination, and temperature may be needed to control the conveyance and tool status. 1-2 Hz may be sufficient for data availability frequency in the “Conveyance-basic control of MFC” mode.5. Conveyance—Basic Control of Conveyance

[0058] Core information of the toolstring, such as gamma ray readings and CCL, may allow proper positioning of tools and control of conveyance versus reference depth data (e.g., open hole gamma ray, well sketch, tubing tally, and the like). This activity is common to many operations. Additional information, such as pressure and temperature of the well bore provided by the tool 140, can be available, as well as toolstring behavior and status.6. Arms / Centralizers Control—Control of Motor / Current and Status of MFC

[0059] At the field location, a user can control proper opening / closing of calipers and centralizers with this mode. Equivalent data of conveyance mode may be needed with addition of motor current and voltage data. Reference curves of motor current and voltage may be compared to real-time curves to control tool functions. Proper opening / closing may be controlled, for example, by comparison with the reference curves.7. Arms / Centralizers Control—Control of Inner Pipe Diameter

[0060] Finger data may be used to control measurements of an internal radius of a pipe (or well) versus a targeted internal radius. However, only average data may be useful at this stage. A minimum and maximum radius can also be used to control any deviation. An average pipe inner diameter may be available, e.g., for comparison with a well sketch.8. Logging—Control of Inner Pipe Diameter

[0061] During this phase, the MFC tool may be slowly moving, e.g., to have a highest vertical resolution, for example, to detect any anomaly. Core information, such as CCL and gamma ray readings may be present, for example, to control depth correlation. Temperature and pressure data may also be present, e.g., to control well behavior. Tool-string tension, relative bearing, and inclination data may also be available, e.g., for tool motion control.

[0062] Finger data may be processed in the MFC tool prior to being transmitted, e.g., via slickline telemetry, to surface equipment. For example, calibration may be applied to obtain a radius of each individual fingers. A minimum, maximum, and average radius may be computed on individual finger data. Correction of eccentralization may be made, as well as removal of bad finger data, which may be detected during surface test or control while opening fingers. Final minimum, maximum, and average radii may then be displayed for a given depth interval or for a time interval. Reference information of the casing / tubing can be used, for example, for comparison and degradation and / or for penetration or metal loss estimation.9. Logging—Control of MFC Tool Deviation Data

[0063] Computation of a difference between an average radius and an individual finger radius at the same depth may be done for a picture of the casing / tubing status over the circumference of the hole. It may form a pattern that may be compared to specification from a manufacturer or previous use of the caliper(s). Reduced resolution on difference data can lead to a low or medium resolution color code. In addition to radius, the computation may give information on a potential tubing / casing anomaly. This picture may be useful to locate an anomaly and estimate its size. Eccentralization data can be optional at this phase, and may be used, for example, to reduce the total amount of calculation and for ease of display.10. Test—After Calibration

[0064] The after-calibration process is similar to the before-calibration process described above, but is performed after the acquisition job. It may be performed to characterize existing calibrated output versus known external radius, e.g., with a calibration jig. A set of calibration parameters may be calculated and stored for job usage. For better statistics, at least 100 points may be needed per finger. Therefore, a high frequency of acquisition may be required to perform this task in a reasonable amount of time, e.g., less than 10 minutes. This can be done, for example, by using memorized data or direct connection to acquisition system, e.g., avoiding using the slickline cable for telemetry. Alternatively, average data of raw fingers can be sent via low bandwidth telemetry. Then calibration parameters for each individual finger may be calculated and stored, and can be reused for a next job. Similarly to the control of finger activity, this activity can be used to detect a faulty finger.

[0065] Based on the above operations and modes, a workflow of available data versus modes and activity may be constructed, as in FIG. 3. A user may change the mode, for example, either by selection or when the operating sequence changes.

[0066] The logging modes described above may be among the most challenging modes. Several layers of calculations may be necessary before proceeding with data allocation on the mode table. An example data flow can be described with regard to FIG. 3.

[0067] FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a data flow method for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool operation in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0068] In FIG. 3, a data flow method 300 may begin with an operation 310 of gathering MFC raw data. Next, a DSL downhole tool processing operation 320 may include four steps 322, 324, 326, 328. Step 1 (322) may include determining last-received data, a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value of the MFC raw data, e.g., over a predefined period of time. For example, all raw finger data (RFIN) from each individual finger may be extracted, and a computation may be performed over a predefined time period (e.g., duration) to determine a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for the data for each respective finger for that time period. For example, if the MFC tool has eighty (80) fingers, there will be eighty (80) minimum, eighty (80) maximum, and eighty (80) average values determined over each selected duration.

[0069] Step 2 (324) may include calculation of calibrated data, which may include Master Calibration (or factory calibration) and before-calibration activities. A previous set of data may be calibrated using Master Calibration and before-calibration coefficients. The calibration may be applied to the raw finger data RFIN. From the raw finger data RFIN and MFC temperature data, applying the Master Calibration coefficients will give a temperature-compensated radius (TRAD). Then, applying before-calibration coefficients will give a radius (RADI). The set of coefficients may be calculated before the operation of a during-calibration phase, e.g., at the base of at well site. This may compensate for a temperature effect on each finger, individual mechanical aspects of each finger, and any wear and / or light damage on each finger.

[0070] Step 3 (326) may include corrections and final calculations. During the calibration phase or surface test, any faulty or non-usable finger data may be discarded. This means that any data received from the “bad” finger(s) will not be used for further computation, and such data may be flagged as “bad.” Also, a flag may be raised for a fully open arm or finger. This means that the finger radius is underestimated. At this stage, eccentricity may be calculated. If the MFC tool, e.g., the MFC tool 155 of FIG. 1, is centered downhole in the well, there is no eccentricity, and thus, no correction is applied. But if the MFC tool is not centered in the well, it means the radius will be overestimated on the fingers on one side of the well, while the radius will be underestimated for fingers on the opposite side of the well. Compensation may be done by calculating the distance and angle between the center of the tool and the center of the well (e.g., a shift). Then, the coordinates of each individual finger may be compensated for with the calculated shift. At the end of this process, individual finger data may be noted as a calibrated radius (CRAD). In some example embodiments, this step may be optional or omitted.

[0071] Step 4 (328) may include extractions of key information. The key information may include minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation values for the radius of all fingers together over a predefined time period. The key information may also include a minimum and maximum value for each respective finger's radius. Finally, some information for a log, e.g., a colored display, may be compressed.

[0072] FIG. 4 is a graph of CRAD for each finger of an MFC tool in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a table showing a color classification in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 is a chart of a calibrated radius image (CRAM) in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0073] A difference between CRAD and the average radius may be calculated as shown by the arrows 410, 420, 430, 440, 450 in the graph of CRAD 400 in FIG. 4. This difference may also be compressed, e.g., with limited resolution. For example, according to the calculated difference, a color classification can be done, for example, as shown in the table 500 of FIG. 5. Compression may be done, for example, by coding a limited number of colors representing the calculated differences, e.g., on each finger. As an example, FIG. 6 illustrates is a CRAD difference. The graph 600 of FIG. 6 may be referred to as a “CRAM image.” Overall minimum, maximum, and average radius values may be computed for each predefined time period (e.g., duration), which may be associated with a depth of the MFC tool.

[0074] With reference again to FIG. 3, a DSL downhole tool sorting operation 330 may include a selection operation 332 and an extraction operation 334. The selection operation 332 may include selection of a data table to transmit, e.g., the table 500 of FIG. 5. The selected table may include a limited amount of information to transmit, for example, to meet the needs of a low data transmission frequency. The extraction operation 334 may include extracting data from the information processed during the DSL downhole tool processing operation 320, and may include generating a log, which may include populating one or more data tables that have been selected for transmission in the selection operation 332. According to a mode table that identifies selected information to be transmitted to the surface, relevant data, such as a difference in color code and minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation radius values, may be selected and placed into telemetry for surface transmission.

[0075] Next, in a surface operation 340, a decompression operation 342 and a display operation 344 may be performed. The data that was compressed during the DSL downhole tool sorting operation 330 may be received at the surface and may be decompressed in the decompression operation 342 and may be displayed in the display operation 344. The surface operation 340 may be performed, for example, on computer equipment, e.g., the computer 135 of FIG. 1. The decompression and display may be performed, for example, on a human-machine interface (HMI), which may be included in the computer equipment, e.g., the computer 135. Answer product generation may be made from memory data, which may contain high-resolution information. The “answers products generation” may include calculating final values of diameter, damages, and calibrated values within a report containing plots and a table of results. Other software may be used for this task, and embodiments are not limited to a particular implementation thereof.Eccentralization

[0076] FIG. 7 is a set of cross-sectional views of wells and a portion of MFC tools in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0077] With reference to FIG. 7, part (a) shows an MFC tool 710 with fingers 715, 720, 725 that is perfectly centered in a well 730. Because the MFC tool 710 is perfectly centered in the well 730, the radius data from each of the fingers 715, 720, 725, as well as data from all of the fingers 715, 720, 725 combined, is meaningful, and there is no need for correction due to eccentricity of the MFC tool 710. When an MFC tool is perfectly centered in a circular well, each finger should measure an approximately equal radius, and defects in the inner surface of the well can be accurately identified. Part (b) shows an MFC tool 740 with fingers 745, 750, 755 that is not centered in a well 760. When an MFC tool is not perfectly centered in the well, there may be some radius calculation that is greater than the actual well radius, and some other radius calculation may be less than the actual radius of the well. For example, when the fingers 745, 750, 755 are off-center, they will extend less than they should be able to extend and will cause a calculation of a smaller well radius than the actual radius of the well 760. When the MFC tool 740 is not centered in the well 760, the radius data from each of the fingers 745, 750, 755, as well as data from all of the fingers 745, 750, 755 combined, is not meaningful, and there is a need for correction due to eccentricity of the MFC tool 740. Correction is needed to properly compute a minimum and maximum radius, as well as a caliper pattern.

[0078] FIG. 8 is a chart of a CRAM image without centralization correction in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 is a chart of a CRAM image with centralization correction in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0079] As illustrated in FIG. 8, the non-corrected radius can lead to a wrong interpretation of channels. The FIG. 8 chart 800 shows a clear example of a need for eccentralization correction for a log. As illustrated in FIG. 9, with centralization correction, there is no channel, but there is a “standard” pattern of casing. In the chart 900, the eccentralization correction causes the data from the fingers of the MFC tool to be meaningful in calculating the radius of the well. A user may change a mode either by selection or when the operating sequence changes.

[0080] FIG. 10 illustrates certain components that may be included within a computer system according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0081] FIG. 10 illustrates certain components that may be included within a computer system 1000, which may be used to control the features described with reference to FIGS. 1-9. One or more computer systems 1000 may be used to implement the various devices, components, and systems described herein.

[0082] The computer system 1000 includes a processor 1001. The processor 1001 may be a single processor or may include more than one processor, and may be a general-purpose single-or multi-chip microprocessor (e.g., an Advanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) Machine (ARM)), a special-purpose microprocessor (e.g., a digital signal processor (DSP)), a microcontroller, a programmable gate array, etc. The processor 1001 may be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU). Although just a single processor 1001 is shown in the computer system 1000 of FIG. 10, in an alternative configuration, a combination of processors (e.g., an ARM and DSP) could be used. In one or more embodiments, the computer system 1000 further includes one or more graphics processing units (GPUs), which can provide processing services related to both entity classification and graph generation.

[0083] The computer system 1000 also includes memory 1003 in electronic communication with the processor 1001. The memory 1003 may be any electronic component capable of storing electronic information. For example, the memory 1003 may be embodied as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices in RAM, on-board memory included with the processor, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) memory, registers, and so forth, including combinations thereof.

[0084] Instructions 1005 and data 1007 may be stored in the memory 1003. The instructions 1005 may be executable by the processor 1001 to implement some or all of the functionality disclosed herein. Executing the instructions 1005 may involve the use of the data 1007 that is stored in the memory 1003. Any of the various examples of modules and components described herein may be implemented, partially or wholly, as instructions 1005 stored in memory 1003 and executed by the processor 1001. Any of the various examples of data described herein may be among the data 1007 that is stored in memory 1003 and used during execution of the instructions 1005 by the processor 1001.

[0085] A computer system 1000 may also include one or more communication interfaces 1009 for communicating with other electronic devices. The communication interface(s) 1009 may be based on wired communication technology, wireless communication technology, or both. Some examples of communication interfaces 1009 include a Universal Serial Bus (USB), an Ethernet adapter, a wireless adapter that operates in accordance with an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 wireless communication protocol, a Bluetooth® wireless communication adapter, and an infrared (IR) communication port.

[0086] A computer system 1000 may also include one or more input devices 1011 and one or more output devices 1013. Some examples of input devices 1011 include a keyboard, mouse, microphone, remote control device, button, joystick, trackball, touchpad, and lightpen. Some examples of output devices 1013 include a speaker and a printer. One specific type of output device that is typically included in a computer system 1000 is a display device 1015. Display devices 1015 used with embodiments disclosed herein may utilize any suitable image projection technology, such as liquid crystal display (LCD), light-emitting diode (LED), gas plasma, electroluminescence, or the like. A display controller 1017 may also be provided, for converting data 1007 stored in the memory 1003 into text, graphics, and / or moving images (as appropriate) shown on the display device 1015.

[0087] The various components of the computer system 1000 may be coupled together by one or more buses, which may include a power bus, a control signal bus, a status signal bus, a data bus, etc. For the sake of clarity, the various buses are illustrated in FIG. 10 as a bus system 1019.

[0088] Following are sections in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure:

[0089] Clause 1: A method for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool on a digital slickline (DSL) in a well at a wellsite, including: collecting MFC raw data from a plurality of fingers of an MFC tool while the MFC tool is downhole in a well, processing the MFC raw data, the processing including: determining at least one of: respective last-received data, a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool from the MFC raw data over a predefined period of time, generating calibrated data by applying a calibration to the MFC raw data and to the determined at least one of: respective last-received data, minimum radius value, maximum radius value, and average radius value, and extracting key information from the calibrated data and values for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool the key information including a calibrated minimum radius value, a calibrated maximum radius value, and a calibrated average radius value for all of the plurality of fingers together over the predefined time period, sorting the extracted key information, the sorting including generating a log of the key information, and electronically transmitting the log on the DSL to a surface of the wellsite.

[0090] Clause 2: The method of clause 1, further including: calculating an eccentricity of the MFC tool in the well, including, at each of a plurality of depths, identifying, for each of the plurality of depths, how far off-center the MFC tool is shifted in the well on an x-y axis, a center of the x-y axis being at a center of the well in cross-section, and generating eccentralized data by eccentralizating the calibrated data based on the calculated eccentricity of the MFC tool, the eccentralization including, at each of the plurality of depths, applying a shift correction to the calibrated data and values for each of the plurality of fingers by adding or subtracting a distance from the center on the x-y axis to each point for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool based on its respective position on the MFC tool.

[0091] Clause 3: The method of clause 2, further including centering the MFC tool in the well via one or more centralizers based on the calculated eccentricity of the MFC tool.

[0092] Clause 4: The method of clause 1, further including, before downhole operation of the MFC tool: testing control of each of the plurality of fingers, applying a calibration jig to generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool, comparing data related to a status of the MFC tool to expected values to identify a deviation from expected values or abnormal behavior of the MFC tool, and testing the MFC tool to determine a status of the MFC tool and whether sensors and motors are functional.

[0093] Clause 5: The method of clause 1, further including, while the MFC tool is being conveyed within the well: initially conveying the MFC tool in the well with the plurality of fingers and centralizers closed, collecting core information of a toolstring in which the MFC tool is included for positioning of tools and control of conveyance versus reference depth data, determining a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for the MFC tool in the well, determining a status of the MFC tool, and receiving calibrated data from one or more accelerometers associated with the MFC tool.

[0094] Clause 6: The method of clause 1, further including controlling the fingers of the MFC tool, including: controlling proper opening or closing of calipers and centralizers of the MFC tool by comparing reference curves of motor current and voltage to real-time curves to control tool functions, comparing measurements of an internal radius of the well versus a targeted internal radius of the well, receiving minimum, maximum, and average radius values, and determining a status of the MFC tool, a temperature of the MFC tool, and motor voltage and current of the MFC tool.

[0095] Clause 7: The method of clause 1, further including a logging phase including: moving the MFC tool downward in the well, performing the processing of the MFC raw data, computing a difference between an average MFC tool radius and an individual finger radius at a same depth, receiving minimum, maximum, and average radius values, and determining a relative bearing of the MFC tool.

[0096] Clause 8: The method of clause 1, further including, after the collecting of the MFC raw data: applying a calibration jig to generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool, and storing the generated calibration parameters for reuse in a future MFC tool operation.

[0097] Clause 9: The method of clause 1, wherein the MFC tool includes: a battery sub for packaging an internal battery, cartridge-to-package electronics, and one or more sondes for packaging the fingers, one or more motors, and electronics of the MFC tool.

[0098] Clause 10: The method of clause 1, further including: identifying whether any finger of the MFC tool is a bad finger, and repairing or removing at least one finger of the MFC tool that is identified as a bad finger.

[0099] Clause 11: The method of clause 1, wherein: the sorting the extracted key information further includes compressing the log for electronic data transmission, and the method further includes decompressing and displaying the log on a human-machine interface (HMI).

[0100] Clause 12: A system for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool on a digital slickline (DSL) in a well at a wellsite, including: one or more processors, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to: collecting MFC raw data from a plurality of fingers of an MFC tool while the MFC tool is downhole in a well, process the MFC raw data, the processing including: determining at least one of: respective last-received data, a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool from the MFC raw data over a predefined period of time, generating calibrated data by applying a calibration to the MFC raw data and to the determined at least one of: respective last-received data, minimum radius value, maximum radius value, and average radius value, and extracting key information from the calibrated data and values for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool the key information including a calibrated minimum radius value, a calibrated maximum radius value, and a calibrated average radius value for all of the plurality of fingers together over the predefined time period, sort the extracted key information, the sorting including generating a log of the key information, and electronically transmit the log on the DSL to a surface of the wellsite.

[0101] Clause 13: The system of clause 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to: calculate an eccentricity of the MFC tool in the well, including, at each of a plurality of depths, identifying, for each of the plurality of depths, how far off-center the MFC tool is shifted in the well on an x-y axis, a center of the x-y axis being at a center of the well in cross-section, and generate eccentralized data by eccentralizating the calibrated data based on the calculated eccentricity of the MFC tool, the eccentralization including, at each of the plurality of depths, applying a shift correction to the calibrated data and values for each of the plurality of fingers by adding or subtracting a distance from the center on the x-y axis to each point for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool based on its respective position on the MFC tool.

[0102] Clause 14: The system of clause 13, further including one or more centralizers configured to center the MFC tool in the well based on the calculated eccentricity of the MFC tool.

[0103] Clause 15: The system of clause 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to, before downhole operation of the MFC tool: test control of each of the plurality of fingers, generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool using a calibration jig, compare data related to a status of the MFC tool to expected values to identify a deviation from expected values or abnormal behavior of the MFC tool, and test the MFC tool to determine a status of the MFC tool and whether sensors and motors are functional.

[0104] Clause 16: The system of clause 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to, while the MFC tool is being conveyed within the well: initially convey the MFC tool in the well with the plurality of fingers and centralizers closed, collect core information of a toolstring in which the MFC tool is included for positioning of tools and control of conveyance versus reference depth data, determine a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for the MFC tool in the well, determine a status of the MFC tool, and receive calibrated data from one or more accelerometers associated with the MFC tool.

[0105] Clause 17: The system of clause 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to control the fingers of the MFC tool, including: controlling proper opening or closing of calipers and centralizers of the MFC tool by comparing reference curves of motor current and voltage to real-time curves to control tool functions, comparing measurements of an internal radius of the well versus a targeted internal radius of the well, receiving minimum, maximum, and average radius values, and determining a status of the MFC tool, a temperature of the MFC tool, and motor voltage and current of the MFC tool.

[0106] Clause 18: The system of clause 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to perform a logging phase including: moving the MFC tool downward in the well, performing the processing of the MFC raw data, computing a difference between an average MFC tool radius and an individual finger radius at a same depth, receiving minimum, maximum, and average radius values, and determining a relative bearing of the MFC tool.

[0107] Clause 19: The system of clause 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to, after the collecting of the MFC raw data: generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool using a calibration jig, and store the generated calibration parameters for reuse in a future MFC tool operation.

[0108] Clause 20: The system of clause 12, wherein the MFC tool includes: a battery sub for packaging an internal battery, cartridge-to-package electronics, and one or more sondes for packaging the fingers, one or more motors, and electronics of the MFC tool.

[0109] Clause 21: The system of clause 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to: identify whether any finger of the MFC tool is a bad finger, and initiate repair or removal of at least one finger of the MFC tool that is identified as a bad finger.

[0110] Clause 22: The system of clause 12, further including: a human-machine interface (HMI), wherein the sorting the extracted key information further includes compressing the log for electronic data transmission, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to decompress the log, and wherein the HMI is configured to display the decompressed log.

[0111] Systems and software, e.g., implemented on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, for performing the methods discussed herein are also within the scope of embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0112] Embodiments of the present disclosure may thus utilize a special purpose or general-purpose computing system including computer hardware, such as, for example, one or more processors and system memory. Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure also include physical and other computer-readable media for carrying or storing computer-executable instructions and / or data structures, including applications, tables, data, libraries, or other modules used to execute particular functions or direct selection or execution of other modules. Such computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer system. Computer-readable media that store computer-executable instructions (or software instructions) are physical storage media. Computer-readable media that carry computer-executable instructions are transmission media. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, embodiments of the present disclosure can include at least two distinctly different kinds of computer-readable media, namely physical storage media or transmission media. Combinations of physical storage media and transmission media should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0113] Both physical storage media and transmission media may be used temporarily store or carry, software instructions in the form of computer readable program code that allows performance of embodiments of the present disclosure. Physical storage media may further be used to persistently or permanently store such software instructions. Examples of physical storage media include physical memory (e.g., RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, etc.), optical disk storage (e.g., CD, DVD, HDDVD, Blu-ray, etc.), storage devices (e.g., magnetic disk storage, tape storage, diskette, etc.), flash or other solid-state storage or memory, or any other non-transmission medium which can be used to store program code in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer, whether such program code is stored as or in software, hardware, firmware, or combinations thereof.

[0114] A “network” or “communications network” may generally be defined as one or more data links that enable the transport of electronic data between computer systems and / or modules, engines, and / or other electronic devices. When information is transferred or provided over a communication network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a computing device, the computing device properly views the connection as a transmission medium. Transmission media can include a communication network and / or data links, carrier waves, wireless signals, and the like, which can be used to carry desired program or template code means or instructions in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.

[0115] Further, upon reaching various computer system components, program code in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures can be transferred automatically or manually from transmission media to physical storage media (or vice versa). For example, computer-executable instructions or data structures received over a network or data link can be buffered in memory (e.g., RAM) within a network interface module (NIC), and then eventually transferred to computer system RAM and / or to less volatile physical storage media at a computer system. Thus, it should be understood that physical storage media can be included in computer system components that also (or even primarily) utilize transmission media.

[0116] One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein. These described embodiments are examples of the presently disclosed techniques. Additionally, in an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actual embodiment may be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous embodiment-specific decisions will be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one embodiment to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.

[0117] The articles “a,”“an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements in the preceding descriptions. The terms “comprising,”“including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. For example, any element described in relation to an embodiment herein may be combinable with any element of any other embodiment described herein. Numbers, percentages, ratios, or other values stated herein are intended to include that value, and also other values that are “about” or “approximately” the stated value, as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art encompassed by embodiments of the present disclosure. A stated value should therefore be interpreted broadly enough to encompass values that are at least close enough to the stated value to perform a desired function or achieve a desired result. The stated values include at least the variation to be expected in a suitable manufacturing or production process, and may include values that are within 5%, within 1%, within 0.1%, or within 0.01% of a stated value.

[0118] A person having ordinary skill in the art should realize in view of the present disclosure that equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that various changes, substitutions, and alterations may be made to embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Equivalent constructions, including functional “means-plus-function” clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function, including both structural equivalents that operate in the same manner, and equivalent structures that provide the same function. It is the express intention of the applicant not to invoke means-plus-function or other functional claiming for any claim except for those in which the words ‘means for’ appear together with an associated function. Each addition, deletion, and modification to the embodiments that falls within the meaning and scope of the claims is to be embraced by the claims.

[0119] The terms “approximately,”“about,” and “substantially” as used herein represent an amount close to the stated amount that still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. For example, the terms “approximately,”“about,” and “substantially” may refer to an amount that is within less than 5% of, within less than 1% of, within less than 0.1% of, and within less than 0.01% of a stated amount. Further, it should be understood that any directions or reference frames in the preceding description are merely relative directions or movements. For example, any references to “up” and “down” or “above” or “below” are merely descriptive of the relative position or movement of the related elements.

[0120] The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the disclosure is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. Changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

Claims

1. A method for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool on a digital slickline (DSL) in a well at a wellsite, comprising:collecting MFC raw data from a plurality of fingers of an MFC tool while the MFC tool is downhole in a well;processing the MFC raw data, the processing comprising:determining at least one of: respective last-received data, a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool from the MFC raw data over a predefined period of time;generating calibrated data by applying a calibration to the MFC raw data and to the determined at least one of: respective last-received data, minimum radius value, maximum radius value, and average radius value; andextracting key information from the calibrated data and values for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool the key information comprising a calibrated minimum radius value, a calibrated maximum radius value, and a calibrated average radius value for all of the plurality of fingers together over the predefined time period;sorting the extracted key information, the sorting comprising generating a log of the key information; andelectronically transmitting the log on the DSL to a surface of the wellsite.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:calculating an eccentricity of the MFC tool in the well, comprising, at each of a plurality of depths, identifying, for each of the plurality of depths, how far off-center the MFC tool is shifted in the well on an x-y axis, a center of the x-y axis being at a center of the well in cross-section; andgenerating eccentralized data by eccentralizating the calibrated data based on the calculated eccentricity of the MFC tool, the eccentralization comprising, at each of the plurality of depths, applying a shift correction to the calibrated data and values for each of the plurality of fingers by adding or subtracting a distance from the center on the x-y axis to each point for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool based on its respective position on the MFC tool.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising centering the MFC tool in the well via one or more centralizers based on the calculated eccentricity of the MFC tool.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, before downhole operation of the MFC tool:testing control of each of the plurality of fingers;applying a calibration jig to generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool;comparing data related to a status of the MFC tool to expected values to identify a deviation from expected values or abnormal behavior of the MFC tool; andtesting the MFC tool to determine a status of the MFC tool and whether sensors and motors are functional.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising, while the MFC tool is being conveyed within the well:initially conveying the MFC tool in the well with the plurality of fingers and centralizers closed;collecting core information of a toolstring in which the MFC tool is included for positioning of tools and control of conveyance versus reference depth data;determining a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for the MFC tool in the well;determining a status of the MFC tool; andreceiving calibrated data from one or more accelerometers associated with the MFC tool.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising controlling the fingers of the MFC tool, comprising:controlling proper opening or closing of calipers and centralizers of the MFC tool by comparing reference curves of motor current and voltage to real-time curves to control tool functions;comparing measurements of an internal radius of the well versus a targeted internal radius of the well;receiving minimum, maximum, and average radius values; anddetermining a status of the MFC tool, a temperature of the MFC tool, and motor voltage and current of the MFC tool.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising a logging phase comprising:moving the MFC tool downward in the well;performing the processing of the MFC raw data;computing a difference between an average MFC tool radius and an individual finger radius at a same depth;receiving minimum, maximum, and average radius values; anddetermining a relative bearing of the MFC tool.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after the collecting of the MFC raw data:applying a calibration jig to generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool; andstoring the generated calibration parameters for reuse in a future MFC tool operation.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the MFC tool comprises:a battery sub for packaging an internal battery;cartridge-to-package electronics; andone or more sondes for packaging the fingers, one or more motors, and electronics of the MFC tool.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:identifying whether any finger of the MFC tool is a bad finger; andrepairing or removing at least one finger of the MFC tool that is identified as a bad finger.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein:the sorting the extracted key information further comprises compressing the log for electronic data transmission; andthe method further comprises decompressing and displaying the log on a human-machine interface (HMI).

12. A system for a multi-finger caliper (MFC) tool on a digital slickline (DSL) in a well at a wellsite, comprising:one or more processors; anda non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to:collecting MFC raw data from a plurality of fingers of an MFC tool while the MFC tool is downhole in a well;process the MFC raw data, the processing comprising:determining at least one of: respective last-received data, a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool from the MFC raw data over a predefined period of time;generating calibrated data by applying a calibration to the MFC raw data and to the determined at least one of: respective last-received data, minimum radius value, maximum radius value, and average radius value; andextracting key information from the calibrated data and values for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool the key information comprising a calibrated minimum radius value, a calibrated maximum radius value, and a calibrated average radius value for all of the plurality of fingers together over the predefined time period;sort the extracted key information, the sorting comprising generating a log of the key information; andelectronically transmit the log on the DSL to a surface of the wellsite.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:calculate an eccentricity of the MFC tool in the well, comprising, at each of a plurality of depths, identifying, for each of the plurality of depths, how far off-center the MFC tool is shifted in the well on an x-y axis, a center of the x-y axis being at a center of the well in cross-section; andgenerate eccentralized data by eccentralizating the calibrated data based on the calculated eccentricity of the MFC tool, the eccentralization comprising, at each of the plurality of depths, applying a shift correction to the calibrated data and values for each of the plurality of fingers by adding or subtracting a distance from the center on the x-y axis to each point for each of the plurality of fingers of the MFC tool based on its respective position on the MFC tool.

14. The system of claim 13, further comprising one or more centralizers configured to center the MFC tool in the well based on the calculated eccentricity of the MFC tool.

15. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to, before downhole operation of the MFC tool:test control of each of the plurality of fingers;generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool using a calibration jig;compare data related to a status of the MFC tool to expected values to identify a deviation from expected values or abnormal behavior of the MFC tool; andtest the MFC tool to determine a status of the MFC tool and whether sensors and motors are functional.

16. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to, while the MFC tool is being conveyed within the well:initially convey the MFC tool in the well with the plurality of fingers and centralizers closed;collect core information of a toolstring in which the MFC tool is included for positioning of tools and control of conveyance versus reference depth data;determine a minimum radius value, a maximum radius value, and an average radius value for the MFC tool in the well;determine a status of the MFC tool; andreceive calibrated data from one or more accelerometers associated with the MFC tool.

17. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to control the fingers of the MFC tool, comprising:controlling proper opening or closing of calipers and centralizers of the MFC tool by comparing reference curves of motor current and voltage to real-time curves to control tool functions;comparing measurements of an internal radius of the well versus a targeted internal radius of the well;receiving minimum, maximum, and average radius values; anddetermining a status of the MFC tool, a temperature of the MFC tool, and motor voltage and current of the MFC tool.

18. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to perform a logging phase comprising:moving the MFC tool downward in the well;performing the processing of the MFC raw data;computing a difference between an average MFC tool radius and an individual finger radius at a same depth;receiving minimum, maximum, and average radius values; anddetermining a relative bearing of the MFC tool.

19. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to, after the collecting of the MFC raw data:generate calibration parameters for calibration of the MFC tool using a calibration jig; andstore the generated calibration parameters for reuse in a future MFC tool operation.

20. The system of claim 12, wherein the MFC tool comprises:a battery sub for packaging an internal battery;cartridge-to-package electronics; andone or more sondes for packaging the fingers, one or more motors, and electronics of the MFC tool.

21. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to:identify whether any finger of the MFC tool is a bad finger; andinitiate repair or removal of at least one finger of the MFC tool that is identified as a bad finger.

22. The system of claim 12, further comprising:a human-machine interface (HMI),wherein the sorting the extracted key information further comprises compressing the log for electronic data transmission,wherein the instructions further cause the one or more processors to decompress the log, andwherein the HMI is configured to display the decompressed log.

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