Methods for manufacturing solar cell electrodes and screen-printed masks.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing solar cell electrodes and screen-printed membranes. The method of production includes the following steps: placing the solar cell below and away from the screen-printed membrane; applying adhesive to the screen-printed membrane; pressing the adhesive so that it is pressed through the mesh holes of the screen-printed membrane and deposited on the surface of the solar cell, and at the same time, keeping the screen-printed membrane and the solar cell separated / in micro-contact with each other; and curing the adhesive on the surface of the solar cell to form an electrode. The screen-printed membrane consists of a frame, a screen, an alloy mesh, and an adhesive protective layer. The steps for producing the screen-printed membrane include: placing the alloy mesh on the adhesive protective layer; attaching the adhesive protective layer to the screen; and applying a certain tension to fasten the screen to fix it to the frame.The screen printing film with an alloy mesh is used in the manufacturing method, and during the transfer printing process, the screen printing film undergoes minimal deformation and is kept separate / in micro-contact with the solar panel, so that the electrode mesh can maintain its good grid shape. In addition, the electrode mesh is flat, straight, and uniform, thus leading to reduced adhesive waste and lower production costs.

Description

A method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode and a solar cell

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on July 2, 2021, with application number 202110753717.3 and invention name “A method for manufacturing solar cell electrodes and solar cells”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into the application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a method for manufacturing solar cell electrodes and a solar cell. Background Art

[0003] As the solar cell industry continues to develop, competition within the industry is intensifying. Mergers and acquisitions, as well as capital operations, among large solar cell companies are becoming increasingly frequent. Leading domestic solar cell manufacturers are increasingly focusing on market research, particularly on the industry's development environment and product buyers. As a result, a large number of leading domestic solar cell brands have rapidly emerged, gradually becoming leaders in the solar cell industry. Technical issues

[0004] The gridline electrodes in existing solar cells are produced using screen printing. During the printing process, the scraper contacts the transfer screen, causing the screen to deform. As the screen contacts the cell surface, the adhesion between the screen surface and the silver paste causes the screen to pick up the silver paste when the scraper leaves. This creates a parabolic gridline, resulting in uneven gridline width and affecting the performance of the solar cell. Technical Solutions

[0005] The main purpose of this application is to propose a method for manufacturing solar cell electrodes, aiming to solve technical problems such as large grid line width, uneven grid line width and height, and poor grid line shape during the manufacturing process of grid line electrodes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present application proposes a method for manufacturing solar cell electrodes, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Place the battery cells spaced below the screen;

[0008] Place the slurry on the screen;

[0009] Extruding the slurry so that the slurry is squeezed out from the mesh of the screen and deposited on the surface of the battery cell, while keeping the screen in non-contact or micro-contact with the battery cell;

[0010] The slurry is solidified on the surface of the battery cell to form an electrode;

[0011] The screen comprises a screen frame, a silk screen, a metal mesh, and a feed layer, and the screen making steps include:

[0012] Laying the metal mesh on the continuous material layer;

[0013] Laminating the continuous material layer to the screen; and

[0014] Tighten the wire mesh with a certain tension to fix it on the frame.

[0015] Furthermore, the metal mesh production step is also included:

[0016] Arrange and design the grid lines of the metal mesh according to the solar cell sheets;

[0017] Produce a microstructure mold according to the layout design of the grid lines;

[0018] Performing metallization treatment on the surface of the microstructure mold; and

[0019] The metal layer on the surface of the microstructure mold is electroformed to form a metal mesh.

[0020] Furthermore, the screen making step further includes:

[0021] Bonding the metal mesh to the subsequent material layer via adhesive C;

[0022] Bonding the continuous material layer to the screen via adhesive B; and

[0023] Tighten the screen with a certain tension so that the screen is bonded to the screen frame through adhesive A;

[0024] Wherein, the step of bonding the metal mesh to the subsequent material layer through the adhesive C further comprises:

[0025] Apply adhesive C evenly on the subsequent material layer;

[0026] After the adhesive C is cured to form a glue layer, a pattern of a grid electrode of a cell is carved on the glue layer using a laser, ultrasound, chemical or physical method; and

[0027] Align the metal mesh with the glue layer, and bond the metal mesh and the subsequent material layer under high temperature and high pressure conditions;

[0028] Alternatively, after the adhesive C solidifies to form a glue layer, the metal mesh is placed directly on the glue layer, and the metal mesh and the subsequent material layer are bonded under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Then, according to the required grid line pattern, a laser is used to penetrate the through holes on the metal mesh and carve through the glue layer to form a corresponding grid line structure on the glue layer.

[0029] Furthermore, the high temperature and high pressure conditions are a temperature between 60 degrees Celsius and 250 degrees Celsius, a bonding pressure between 8 kg and 200 kg, and a heat preservation and pressure holding time of 10 to 30 minutes.

[0030] Furthermore, the adhesive B is made of one of epoxy resin glue, hot melt glue, and latex, and the adhesive B can be in the form of glue or film;

[0031] The adhesive C is made of one of epoxy resin glue, hot melt glue, UV glue, pressure sensitive glue, and latex, and the adhesive C can be in the form of glue or film; and

[0032] The adhesive A is made of one of hot melt adhesive and latex, and the adhesive A can be in the form of glue or film.

[0033] Furthermore, the feed layer is a mesh woven structure composite layer, the mesh number range of the mesh woven structure composite layer is 150 mesh to 650 mesh, and the mesh woven structure composite layer is made of one or more materials selected from steel, nickel, nickel-cobalt alloy, copper-nickel alloy, and glass fiber mesh.

[0034] Furthermore, the steps of placing the battery cells below the screen at intervals; placing the slurry on the screen; squeezing the slurry so that the slurry is squeezed out of the mesh of the screen and deposited on the surface of the battery cells while maintaining non-contact or micro-contact between the screen and the battery cells; and solidifying the slurry on the surface of the battery cells to form electrodes also include:

[0035] Place the battery cells spaced below the screen;

[0036] Apply the slurry evenly on the subsequent material layer;

[0037] The slurry is squeezed into the microstructured through-holes of the metal mesh by a certain pressure, so that the slurry is formed according to the shape of the microstructured through-holes;

[0038] Driving the scraper to press down on the feed layer to squeeze more slurry into the metal mesh, so that the slurry is squeezed out from the microstructured through holes of the screen and deposited on the surface of the battery cell, while keeping the screen in non-contact or micro-contact with the battery cell; and

[0039] The cell is placed in a solar cell sintering furnace for sintering, so that the slurry solidifies on the surface of the cell to form a metal grid electrode.

[0040] Furthermore, the step of placing the battery cells below the screen at intervals includes:

[0041] Place the cell under the screen, adjust the distance between the metal screen and the cell, and adjust the pressure of the scraper and the slurry material;

[0042] The distance between the metal mesh and the battery cell is the distance between the lower surface of the metal mesh and the battery cell, which is 0.03mm-2mm; and

[0043] Adjusting the slurry material includes adjusting the composition of the slurry and the viscosity of the slurry. The composition of the slurry includes silver paste, copper paste, and aluminum paste.

[0044] Furthermore, the electrode includes a main grid line and a secondary grid line, the width of the main grid line is 0.03mm-1mm, and the height of the main grid line is 0.013mm-0.1mm; the width of the secondary grid line is 0.005mm-0.03mm, and the height of the fine grid line is 0.005mm-0.04mm; the shapes of the main grid line and the secondary grid line include rectangle, triangle, trapezoid, and parabola.

[0045] The present application also provides a solar cell, comprising an electrode, wherein the electrode is manufactured using the above-mentioned solar cell electrode manufacturing method. Beneficial effects

[0046] This technical solution provides a method for manufacturing solar cell electrodes. This method utilizes a metal mesh transfer through-hole screen. During the transfer process, the screen exhibits minimal deformation and is in non-contact or minimal contact with the cell, thereby maintaining a well-defined grid line shape. Furthermore, the grid line electrodes produced using this method are straight and uniform, reducing slurry loss and lowering production costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of steps of an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode of the present application.

[0048] FIG2 is a top view of the transfer through-hole screen of this application.

[0049] FIG3 is a side cross-sectional view of the transfer through-hole screen of the present application.

[0050] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional shape of the microstructure through-holes of the metal mesh of the present application.

[0051] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0052] 11-screen frame, 12-wire screen, 13-subsequent material layer, 14-metal mesh.

[0053] Implementation Methods of the Application

[0054] Please refer to FIG1 . In one embodiment of the method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode of the present application, the manufacturing method includes the following steps:

[0055] Place the battery cells spaced below the screen;

[0056] Place the slurry on the screen;

[0057] Extruding the slurry so that the slurry is squeezed out from the mesh of the screen and deposited on the surface of the battery cell, while keeping the screen in non-contact or micro-contact with the battery cell; and

[0058] The slurry is solidified on the surface of the battery cell to form an electrode.

[0059] In this embodiment, the slurry is a conductive metal slurry, and the screen is a transfer through-hole screen. The screen is directly applied to the cell screen printing equipment, and the metal slurry is transferred to the cell surface through the screen to form an electrode circuit.

[0060] Furthermore, the steps of the above-mentioned solar cell electrode manufacturing method are specifically as follows:

[0061] S10: Place the battery cells below the screen at intervals;

[0062] S20: Apply the slurry evenly on the subsequent material layer;

[0063] S30: squeezing the slurry into the microstructured through-holes of the metal mesh using a certain pressure, so that the slurry is formed according to the shape of the microstructured through-holes;

[0064] S40: driving the scraper to press down on the feed layer to squeeze more slurry into the metal mesh, so that the slurry is squeezed out from the microstructured through holes of the screen and deposited on the surface of the battery cell, while keeping the screen in non-contact or micro-contact with the battery cell; and

[0065] S50: placing the cell into a solar cell sintering furnace for sintering, so that the slurry solidifies on the surface of the cell to form a metal grid electrode.

[0066] Specifically, since the metal mesh has a certain thickness and the microstructured through-holes have a three-dimensional structure according to the design, when the metal slurry enters the microstructured through-holes of the metal mesh, due to the fluidity of the metal slurry and the extrusion of the metal slurry by external force, the metal slurry self-shapes according to the shape of the microstructured through-holes; when the scraper passes by, it brings more metal slurry and pushes downward, squeezing the metal slurry originally in the microstructured through-holes to the surface of the battery cell, thereby completing the transfer process.

[0067] Further, please refer to Figure 4. The cross-sectional shapes of the above-mentioned microstructure through holes include binary geometric figures with a certain relationship between the widths of the upper and lower regions, and multivariate geometric figures with variable widths of the upper, middle and lower regions. The binary geometric figures include rectangles, trapezoids, triangles, and parabolas; the multivariate geometric figures include trapezoids, triangles, and parabolas that are wide at the top and narrow in the middle and wide at the bottom, or narrow at the top, wide in the middle and narrow at the bottom, wherein the distribution of wide and narrow parts varies with the different patterns formed by the metal mesh.

[0068] It is worth noting that during the transfer process, due to the rigid material of the metal mesh, when the scraper passes by, the deformation of the entire screen is small. After adjusting the transfer through-hole screen spacing, the transfer through-hole screen and the battery cell can be kept in non-contact or micro-contact transfer. Therefore, the extruded shaped slurry is only pulled by the surface tension of the battery cell, and the shaped slurry does not deform, but falls directly onto the surface of the battery cell, and can maintain the shape formed in the metal mesh, thereby ensuring a good grid line shape while reducing the probability of fragmentation.

[0069] Furthermore, in order to achieve the technical effect of non-contact or micro-contact between the screen and the battery cell during the transfer process, the above step S10: placing the battery cell below the screen at intervals is specifically as follows:

[0070] Place the cell under the screen, adjust the distance between the metal screen and the cell, and adjust the pressure of the scraper and the slurry material.

[0071] Specifically, the distance between the metal mesh and the cell is the distance between the lower surface of the metal mesh and the cell, which is 0.03mm-2mm. The downward pressure of the scraper determines the downward deformation of the transfer screen and the output of the slurry. This adjustment needs to be determined based on the specific cell electrode morphology parameters. Adjusting the slurry material includes adjusting the composition and viscosity of the slurry. The composition of the slurry includes silver paste, copper paste, aluminum paste, etc. In addition, in another embodiment, for different printing equipment, the printing parameters are adjusted as follows: the distance between the metal mesh and the cell is -500 to -1600, the distance between the ink blade and the screen scraper surface is less than 4mm, the scraper depth is 1000 to 1600, and the scraper pressure is 40N-70N. During printing, 10-20% more silver paste is added to the screen than usual.

[0072] Furthermore, the electrodes include main grid lines and secondary grid lines, wherein the width of the main grid lines is 0.03 mm to 1 mm, and the height of the main grid lines is 0.013 mm to 0.1 mm; the width of the secondary grid lines is 0.005 mm to 0.03 mm, and the height of the fine grid lines is 0.005 mm to 0.04 mm. The shapes of the main grid lines and secondary grid lines include rectangle, triangle, trapezoid, and parabola.

[0073] In the above-mentioned method for manufacturing solar cell electrodes, since the transfer through-hole screen is in non-contact or micro-contact with the solar cell during the transfer process, the grid line electrode can maintain a good line shape, and the grid line shape is more standardized.

[0074] Referring to Figures 2-3, in this embodiment, the present application also proposes a transfer through-hole screen and a method for manufacturing the same. The screen includes a screen frame 11, a screen 12, a metal mesh 14, and a feed layer 13. The screen manufacturing steps include:

[0075] Laying the metal mesh 14 on the subsequent material layer 13;

[0076] Laminating the feed layer 15 to the screen 12; and

[0077] The screen 12 is tightened with a certain tension so that the screen 12 is fixed on the screen frame 11.

[0078] Furthermore, the screen making steps are specifically as follows:

[0079] S100: bonding the metal mesh 14 to the feed material layer 13 via an adhesive C;

[0080] S200: bonding the feed layer 13 to the screen 12 via adhesive B; and

[0081] S300: tightening the screen 12 with a certain tension so that the screen is bonded to the screen frame through the adhesive A.

[0082] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned step S100: bonding the metal mesh 14 to the feed material layer 13 via the adhesive C, the steps are specifically as follows:

[0083] S101: evenly apply the adhesive C on the subsequent material layer 13;

[0084] S102: After the adhesive C is cured to form a glue layer, a pattern of a grid electrode of a cell is carved on the glue layer using a laser, ultrasound, chemical or physical method; and

[0085] S103: Align the metal mesh 14 with the glue layer, and bond the metal mesh 14 and the subsequent material layer 13 under high temperature and high pressure conditions.

[0086] Furthermore, in other embodiments, the above step S100: bonding the metal mesh 14 to the feed material layer 13 via the adhesive C, specifically comprises the following steps:

[0087] S104: evenly coating the adhesive C on the subsequent material layer 13; and

[0088] S105: After the adhesive C solidifies to form a glue layer, place the metal mesh directly on the glue layer, bond the metal mesh to the subsequent material layer under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and then use a laser to penetrate the through holes on the metal mesh according to the required grid line pattern to carve through the glue layer and form a corresponding grid line structure on the glue layer.

[0089] Specifically, in step S102, the pattern engraving means uses laser engraving or development exposure to engrave the pattern of the battery cell electrode on the glue to form a glue layer with a through-hole structure.

[0090] Furthermore, the above-mentioned method for manufacturing the solar cell electrode further includes the following steps:

[0091] S400: coating the other side of the feed layer with photosensitive resin or photosensitive emulsion and heat-baking to cure;

[0092] S500: aligning the pattern area of ​​the metal mesh, forming a specific pattern on the grid line area by exposure and development, so as to improve the ink flow during slurry printing.

[0093] The specific graphics include funnel, rectangle, trapezoid, and semicircle, and the width of the specific graphics is greater than or equal to the width of the grid line.

[0094] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned screen production steps, the adhesive B is made of one of the materials selected from epoxy resin glue, hot melt glue, and latex, and the adhesive B can be in the form of glue or film; the adhesive C is made of one of the materials selected from epoxy resin glue, hot melt glue, UV glue, pressure-sensitive glue, and latex, and the adhesive C can be in the form of glue or film; the adhesive A is made of one of the materials selected from hot melt glue and latex, and the adhesive A can be in the form of glue or film.

[0095] Furthermore, in step S103, the high temperature and high pressure conditions are a temperature between 60 degrees Celsius and 250 degrees Celsius, a bonding pressure between 8 kg and 200 kg, and a heat preservation and pressure holding time between 10 and 30 minutes.

[0096] Furthermore, the solar cell electrode manufacturing method, wherein the manufactured screen includes 22.5 o Slant mesh screen and knotless mesh screen.

[0097] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the feed layer 15 is a mesh-woven structure composite layer, which is formed by laminating filaments of various materials and weaving the warp and weft threads together. The mesh count of the mesh-woven structure composite layer ranges from 150 mesh to 650 mesh. The feed layer 15 is specifically a mesh composite layer, which includes multiple layers of laminated mesh. Such mesh can be: nylon mesh, metal mesh or mesh made of other materials. The mesh is made of one or more materials selected from steel, nickel, nickel-cobalt alloy, copper-nickel alloy, and glass fiber mesh. The feed layer 15 can be manufactured by methods such as precision mechanical weaving, metal electroforming process, corrosion process, and photolithography process.

[0098] In this embodiment, the functions of the feed layer 15 are: 1. Supporting the metal mesh. During the process of forming the battery cell electrode, the feed layer 15 can mostly disperse the downward pressure of the scraper of the silk screen equipment, thereby extending the life of the transfer screen; 2. Preserving the slurry. The feed layer 15 is a composite layer with a mesh structure. Therefore, the feed layer can preserve the metal slurry in itself. When the scraper of the silk screen equipment scrapes it, the feed layer itself is compressed, and the slurry therein is squeezed and sent into the mesh of the metal mesh; 3. Controlling the output amount of the metal slurry. The amount of slurry that the feed layer 15 itself can contain and the deformation of the feed layer itself determine the output amount of the slurry during a single transfer. The softer the feed layer 15 and the larger the volume of the porous structure, the greater the output amount of the slurry, and vice versa.

[0099] In this embodiment, the present application also proposes a metal mesh and a method for manufacturing the same. The metal mesh has microstructured through-holes on the micrometer scale, which can be line segments, circular holes, square holes, etc. The metal mesh has two surfaces with different degrees of roughness, divided into a bright surface and a frosted surface. The bright surface is the surface in contact with the battery cell. Due to its smooth surface and low roughness, it has a release effect on the metal slurry. The frosted surface is the bonding surface. Due to its rough surface and large specific surface area, it can be firmly bonded to the subsequent material layer. In this embodiment, the functions of the metal mesh are: 1. Serving as a mask for printing metal slurry, so that the slurry forms battery electrode grid lines in designated areas of the battery cell; 2. Serving as a forming mold for the slurry before it is deposited on the battery cell, the slurry is squeezed under pressure into the microstructured through-holes of the metal mesh. The slurry is shaped due to its own fluidity and external pressure, so the final line shape of the electrode on the battery cell depends on the shape design of the microstructured through-holes of the metal mesh; 3. During the subsequent battery cell electrode forming process, the metal mesh not only makes micro-contact with the battery cell, but also bears the pressure of the scraper of the silk-screen printing equipment. Therefore, the material of the metal mesh determines the service life of the entire transfer screen.

[0100] The steps of making the metal mesh include:

[0101] S500: Arrange and design the grid lines of the metal mesh according to the solar cell;

[0102] S600: Produce microstructure mold according to the layout design of the grid lines;

[0103] S700: performing metallization treatment on the surface of the microstructure mold; and

[0104] S800: Electroforming and thickening the metal layer on the surface of the microstructure mold to form a metal mesh.

[0105] Specifically, in step S500, the grid lines of the metal mesh are arranged and designed according to the solar cell, that is, the arrangement design is carried out according to the specific solar cell product. The arrangement design needs to consider the design and arrangement of the following elements: auxiliary grid lines (thickness, height, number of lines, period, etc.), anti-break grid lines, outer frame, positioning points, main grid, etc.

[0106] In step S600, a microstructure mold is manufactured according to the arrangement design of the gate lines. That is, the microstructure mold is manufactured according to the arrangement design of the gate lines using micro-contact nanoimprinting technology, and the mold substrate is made of one of PET, PC, PI, PMMA or metal sheet.

[0107] In step S700, the surface of the microstructure mold is metallized to form a conductive metal layer on the mold structure surface. The conductive metal layer can be made of one of nickel, chromium, silver, and copper. The conductive metal layer can be formed using methods such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) and silver mirror reaction.

[0108] In step S800, the metal layer on the surface of the microstructure mold is electroformed to form a metal mesh, that is, the metal layer of the surface metallized mold is thickened by electroforming to form a metal mesh. The metals used here include: nickel, nickel-cobalt alloy, copper, copper-nickel alloy, etc.

[0109] Furthermore, to achieve better transfer effects and a thinner and more uniform grid electrode profile, the metal mesh produced using the aforementioned metal mesh fabrication method has a thickness of 0.001mm-0.1mm, a thickness uniformity of ±0.003mm, and a taper of 0%. Furthermore, the sidewalls of the microstructured through-holes are completely flat, mirror-like, with no surface bumps or pits, and a warpage of 0%.

[0110] In the process of transferring the solar cell electrodes using the metal mesh made by the above-mentioned metal mesh making method, since the metal mesh has the characteristics of steel and the side walls of the metal mesh microstructure through-holes are flat, the metal mesh and the cell are in non-contact or micro-contact during the transfer process, so that the formed grid line electrode is straight and uniform, which is beneficial to reduce the loss of slurry and thus reduce production costs; the solar cell formed has a thinner grid line electrode, which can reduce the shading area, increase the current density, and improve the energy conversion efficiency.

[0111] The present application also provides a solar cell, which includes an electrode manufactured by the above-mentioned solar cell electrode manufacturing method. The specific structure of the electrode refers to the above-mentioned embodiment. Since the present solar cell adopts all the technical solutions of all the embodiments of the above-mentioned solar cell electrode manufacturing method, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0112] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), such directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0113] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited to "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, if "and / or" or "and / or" appears in the full text, its meaning includes three parallel schemes. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes scheme A, or scheme B, or a scheme in which A and B are satisfied at the same time. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0114] Based on the disclosure and teachings of the above description, those skilled in the art to which this application belongs may also make changes and modifications to the above embodiments. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to this application should also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this application. In addition, although some specific terms are used in this description, these terms are only for convenience of description and do not constitute any limitation to this application.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode, wherein: The method comprises the following steps: Place the battery cells spaced below the screen; Place the slurry on the screen; Extruding the slurry so that the slurry is squeezed out from the mesh of the screen and deposited on the surface of the battery cell, while keeping the screen in non-contact or micro-contact with the battery cell; and The slurry is solidified on the surface of the battery cell to form an electrode; The screen comprises a screen frame, a silk screen, a metal mesh, and a feed layer, and the screen making steps include: Laying the metal mesh on the continuous material layer; Laminating the continuous material layer to the screen; and Tighten the wire mesh with a certain tension to fix it on the frame.

2. The method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein: The method further comprises the step of making a metal mesh: Arrange and design the grid lines of the metal mesh according to the solar cell sheets; Produce a microstructure mold according to the layout design of the grid lines; performing metallization treatment on the surface of the microstructure mold; and The metal layer on the surface of the microstructure mold is electroformed to form a metal mesh.

3. The method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein: The cross-sectional shape of the gate line includes a binary geometric figure with a certain relationship between the widths of the upper and lower regions, and a multivariate geometric figure with variable widths of the upper, middle and lower regions, wherein: The binary geometric figures include rectangle, trapezoid, triangle and parabola; The multivariate geometric figures include trapezoids, triangles, and parabolas that are wide at the top and narrow in the middle and wide at the bottom, or narrow at the top and wide in the middle and narrow at the bottom.

4. The method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein: The screen making step also includes: Bonding the metal mesh to the subsequent material layer via adhesive C; Bonding the continuous material layer to the screen via adhesive B; and Tighten the screen with a certain tension so that the screen is bonded to the screen frame through adhesive A; Wherein, the step of bonding the metal mesh to the subsequent material layer through the adhesive C further comprises: Apply adhesive C evenly on the subsequent material layer; After the adhesive C is cured to form a glue layer, a pattern of a grid electrode of a cell is carved on the glue layer using a laser, ultrasound, chemical or physical method; and Align the metal mesh with the glue layer, and bond the metal mesh and the subsequent material layer under high temperature and high pressure conditions; Alternatively, after the adhesive C solidifies to form a glue layer, the metal mesh is placed directly on the glue layer, and the metal mesh and the subsequent material layer are bonded under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Then, according to the required grid line pattern, a laser is used to penetrate the through holes on the metal mesh and carve through the glue layer to form a corresponding grid line structure on the glue layer.

5. The method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to claim 4, wherein: The following steps are also included: Apply photosensitive resin or photosensitive emulsion on the other side of the continuous material layer and heat bake to solidify; The pattern area of ​​the metal mesh is aligned, and a specific pattern is formed on the gate line area by exposure and development; wherein, The specific graphics include funnel, rectangle, trapezoid, and semicircle, and the width of the specific graphics is greater than or equal to the width of the grid line.

6. The method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to claim 4, wherein: The high temperature and high pressure conditions are as follows: a temperature between 60 degrees Celsius and 250 degrees Celsius, a bonding pressure between 8 kg and 200 kg, and a heat preservation and pressure holding time between 10 and 30 minutes.

7. The method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to claim 4, wherein: The adhesive B is made of one of epoxy resin glue, hot melt glue and latex, and the adhesive B can be in the form of glue or film; The adhesive C is made of one of epoxy resin glue, hot melt glue, UV glue, pressure sensitive glue, and latex, and the adhesive C can be in the form of glue or film; and The adhesive A is made of one of hot melt adhesive and latex, and the adhesive A can be in the form of glue or film.

8. The method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein: The feed material layer is a mesh woven structure composite layer, the mesh number of the mesh woven structure composite layer ranges from 150 mesh to 650 mesh, and the mesh woven structure composite layer is made of one or more materials including steel, nickel, nickel-cobalt alloy, copper-nickel alloy, and glass fiber mesh.

9. The method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein: The screen plate produced includes 22.5 o Slant mesh screen and knotless mesh screen.

10. The method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein: The battery cells are spaced below the screen; the slurry is placed on the screen; the slurry is squeezed so that the slurry is squeezed out from the mesh of the screen and deposited on the surface of the battery cells, while the screen and the battery cells are kept in non-contact or micro-contact; The step of solidifying the slurry on the surface of the battery cell to form an electrode also includes: Place the battery cells spaced below the screen; Apply the slurry evenly on the subsequent material layer; The slurry is squeezed into the microstructured through-holes of the metal mesh by a certain pressure, so that the slurry is formed according to the shape of the microstructured through-holes; Driving the scraper to press down on the feed layer to squeeze more slurry into the metal mesh, so that the slurry is squeezed out from the microstructured through holes of the screen and deposited on the surface of the battery cell, while keeping the screen in non-contact or micro-contact with the battery cell; and The cell is placed in a solar cell sintering furnace for sintering, so that the slurry solidifies on the surface of the cell to form a metal grid electrode.

11. The method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to claim 10, wherein: The step of placing the battery cells below the screen at intervals includes: Place the cell under the screen, adjust the distance between the metal screen and the cell, and adjust the pressure of the scraper and the slurry material; The distance between the metal mesh and the battery cell is the distance between the lower surface of the metal mesh and the battery cell, which is 0.03mm-2mm; and Adjusting the slurry material includes adjusting the composition of the slurry and the viscosity of the slurry. The composition of the slurry includes silver paste, copper paste, and aluminum paste.

12. The method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to claim 11, wherein: The distance between the metal mesh and the battery cell is -500 to -1600, the distance between the ink pad and the screen scraper surface is less than 4mm, the scraper depth is 1000 to 1600, and the scraper pressure is 40N-70N.

13. The method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to claim 1, wherein: The electrode includes a main grid line and a secondary grid line, the width of the main grid line is 0.03mm-1mm, and the height of the main grid line is 0.013mm-0.1mm; the width of the secondary grid line is 0.005mm-0.03mm, and the height of the fine grid line is 0.005mm-0.04mm; the shapes of the main grid line and the secondary grid line include rectangle, triangle, trapezoid, and parabola.

14. A solar cell, wherein: The solar cell comprises an electrode, and the electrode is manufactured by the method for manufacturing a solar cell electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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