Plant lights, gardening equipment, and gardening methods.

Abstract

The invention relates to a lamp (2) for plants comprising at least one light source (16) for producing light for growing at least one planted plant (4), at least one detection device (22) for detecting at least one state parameter of the planted plant (4), and at least one adjustment device (7) for moving at least one light source (16) relative to the planted plant (4) subject to at least one state parameter. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a plant growing device (1) and a method for growing plants.

Description

[0001] Lamp, device and method for plant cultivation

[0002] The content of the German patent application DE 102021 202 877.2 is incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] The invention relates to a lamp and a device for plant cultivation. The invention also relates to a method for plant cultivation.

[0004] Lamps for plant cultivation are known from the state of the art.

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to improve a lamp for plant cultivation, in particular to provide a lamp which enables efficient illumination of a plant to be grown.

[0006] This object is achieved by a luminaire according to claim L. The luminaire has at least one light source for generating light for cultivating at least one plant to be grown and at least one detection device for detecting at least one condition parameter of the at least one plant to be grown. In addition, the luminaire has at least one adjustment device for displacing the at least one light source relative to the at least one plant to be grown depending on the at least one condition parameter detected by the at least one detection device. The at least one adjustment device is in particular designed to automatically displace the at least one light source relative to the at least one plant to be grown depending on the at least one detected condition parameter.By relocating the at least one light source, its relative position, in particular its distance, to the at least one plant being cultivated can be adjusted, in particular optimized, depending on the at least one condition parameter. The plant lamp, in particular its geometry, can be adapted to the needs of the at least one plant being cultivated. This promotes healthy and efficient plant growth.

[0007] By shifting the at least one light source relative to the at least one plant being cultivated, unnecessary stray light that does not reach the plant is reduced, or in particular, eliminated. This improves the energy efficiency of the luminaire. The luminaire enables efficient and economical plant cultivation.

[0008] The displacement of the at least one light source relative to the at least one plant to be cultivated can in particular occur continuously or stepwise depending on a change in the at least one state parameter, preferably depending on the growth of the at least one plant to be cultivated. Preferably, the relative position of the at least one light source can be continuously or stepwise adapted to the growth of the at least one plant to be cultivated. For example, the displacement of the at least one light source can occur in such a way that the at least one plant to be cultivated is as well covered as possible by the light cone of the at least one light source. The at least one plant to be cultivated can be optimally supplied with light at all times.

[0009] The luminaire is used to cultivate at least one plant to be cultivated. Plant cultivation can extend over one or more vegetation phases of the at least one plant to be cultivated, in particular over the seedling phase, the growth phase, the flowering phase, the reproduction phase and / or the harvesting phase. The at least one plant to be cultivated can, at least at the beginning of plant cultivation, be in the form of plant seed, germinated plant seed, seedling and / or mature plant. The relative position of the at least one light source can be adapted via the at least one adjustment device, in particular to different vegetation phases of the at least one plant to be cultivated.

[0010] The at least one condition parameter can in particular be a size, a leaf area index (LAI), a water content, a nutrient content, in particular a sugar content, a vegetation phase, in particular a growth phase, and / or a temperature of the at least one plant to be cultivated. Additionally or alternatively, a moisture content of a plant substrate and / or the ambient air and / or a temperature of the ambient air and / or a plant substrate can also be considered as condition parameters. The at least one condition parameter is preferably a growth parameter of the at least one plant to be cultivated. A growth parameter is understood here and below to mean a condition parameter that allows conclusions to be drawn about plant growth of the at least one plant to be cultivated.Examples of growth parameters include, in particular, the size, the vegetation phase, in particular the growth phase, and / or the leaf area index of the at least one plant to be cultivated. The relocation of the at least one light source can preferably be carried out depending on the size of the plant and / or its vegetation phase, in particular the growth phase. The relocation of the at least one light source can, in particular, be carried out continuously or stepwise depending on the size and / or the vegetation phase of the at least one plant to be cultivated.

[0011] The at least one adjustment device is particularly configured to automatically, in particular fully automatically, relocate the at least one light source relative to the at least one plant to be grown depending on the at least one detected state parameter. For example, the at least one adjustment device has an evaluation unit for evaluating the at least one state parameter and / or for controlling the relocation of the at least one light source depending on the at least one state parameter.

[0012] The displacement of the at least one light source can be effected, in particular, by motor, hydraulic, and / or pneumatic means. Preferably, the displacement of the at least one light source is effected by a drive of the at least one adjustment device. Preferably, the at least one adjustment device has a motor, in particular an electric motor, hydraulic, and / or pneumatic drive. The drive can be controlled, for example, by an evaluation unit of the at least one adjustment device depending on the at least one state parameter.

[0013] The luminaire has at least one light source for generating light for cultivating the at least one plant to be cultivated. The light generated by the at least one light source is radiated onto the at least one plant to be cultivated. The luminaire preferably has a plurality of light sources. A plurality of light sources enables better coverage of the at least one plant to be cultivated with radiated light. Preferably, the at least one light source has at least one LED. LEDs are robust and energy-efficient. In particular, the at least one light source has at least one multicolored LED.

[0014] Particularly preferably, a radiation characteristic of the at least one light source is variable. For example, the light spectrum and / or intensity of the light generated by the at least one light source can be variable. In particular, the radiation characteristic of the at least one light source can be adapted depending on the at least one condition parameter of the at least one plant to be cultivated. For example, a light spectrum of the at least one light source can be adapted to a respective vegetation phase, in particular growth phase, of the at least one plant to be cultivated. LEDs with adaptable radiation characteristics, in particular an adaptable light spectrum, have proven particularly suitable.

[0015] A luminaire according to claim 2 is robust and enables precise displacement of the at least one light source. In particular, a spindle drive enables continuous displacement of the at least one light source. The luminaire, in particular its geometry, is continuously adaptable to the at least one condition parameter of the plant. The linear drive, in particular the spindle drive, enables linear displacement of at least parts of the luminaire. In particular, this allows a height adjustment of the luminaire, in particular of the at least one light source. The luminaire is particularly adaptable to a changing size of the at least one plant to be grown. The linear drive, in particular the spindle drive, can for example have a motor, in particular an electric motor. A torque motor has proven particularly suitable.In particular, a spindle drive can convert the rotary movement of a motor into a linear movement.

[0016] A luminaire according to claim 3 is particularly flexibly adjustable and stable. A pivoting arm allows for the displacement of at least one light source relative to the luminaire body. Displacement of the luminaire body is not necessary. The at least one luminaire body can, in particular, be stationary. This increases the stability of the lamp. The luminaire body can, for example, be a base for the luminaire.

[0017] The pivoting arm allows for easy and targeted relocation of at least one luminaire. In particular, the at least one arm can be pivoted about a horizontal axis.

[0018] The luminaire preferably has a plurality of arms pivotably mounted on the luminaire body. For example, the arms can extend in a star shape from a luminaire body designed as a base. The arms can be arranged symmetrically with respect to the luminaire body. For example, the luminaire has four arms, each offset by 90° from one another.

[0019] Several arms can be arranged on the luminaire body, particularly in a shade-like configuration. Pivoting the arms opens or closes the shade formed by the arms. This allows for easy adjustment of the lamp geometry in height and width.

[0020] A luminaire according to claim 4 is stable and precisely adjustable. The coupling element allows the at least one arm to be pivoted simply and precisely. The pivoting is particularly guided. A linear movement generated by the linear drive, in particular the spindle drive, can be converted into a pivoting movement of the at least one arm by the coupling element. Preferably, one coupling element is provided for each arm.

[0021] The coupling element is designed, in particular, in the form of a coupling rod. The coupling rod is operatively connected, in particular, to the respective boom and the linear drive, in particular to the spindle nut. The coupling rod can be attached, for example pivotably, to the respective boom and / or the linear drive, in particular to the spindle nut.

[0022] The coupling rod preferably forms a guide gear for the at least one boom. The coupling rod can, for example, be rigidly connected to the linear drive, in particular to the spindle nut of the spindle drive. The coupling rod can, for example, be arranged displaceably, in particular displaceably along a guide, and / or pivotably on the respective boom. For example, the coupling rod is arranged, in particular fastened, to the respective boom via a torsion compensation element. The guide gear is structurally simple, stable, and reliable. A luminaire according to claim 5 is particularly flexible. The displaceability of the at least one light source along at least one boom of the adjustment device enables displacement by a further degree of freedom.In particular, the displacement can be achieved by a further degree of freedom in addition to the height adjustment of the base body and the pivotability of the at least one boom. This increases the flexibility when displacing the at least one light source. The position of the at least one light source can be adapted particularly precisely to the at least one condition parameter, in particular the size, of the at least one plant to be grown. Preferably, the displacement of the at least one light source along the at least one boom takes place depending on the pivot position of the boom.

[0023] Preferably, the at least one light source is arranged on at least one substrate, in particular on at least one flexible substrate.

[0024] The at least one substrate is particularly preferably displaceable along the at least one cantilever, in particular displaceable in a guided manner. The at least one substrate with the at least one light source can, for example, form at least one light band.

[0025] The at least one light source can be displaced, in particular guided, along the cantilever. For example, the at least one cantilever can have a guide rail for the at least one substrate on which the at least one light source is arranged, in particular for a light strip.

[0026] A luminaire according to claim 6 is structurally simple and reliable. Due to the coupling of the at least one light source to the linear drive, in particular to the spindle nut of the spindle drive, displacement of the at least one light source by the linear drive is ensured. A separate drive for the displacement of the at least one light source along the at least one boom is not required.

[0027] In particular, at least one substrate, in particular at least one flexible substrate, on which the at least one light source can preferably be arranged, is coupled to the linear drive, in particular to the spindle nut of the spindle drive. The at least one substrate can, for example, be attached to the linear drive, in particular to the spindle nut, at one end, in particular with a front side.

[0028] Preferably, the at least one cantilever and the at least one light source, in particular their at least one substrate, are coupled to the linear drive, in particular to the spindle nut. This ensures simultaneous and coordinated displacement of the at least one cantilever and the at least one light source. In particular, displacement of the at least one light source along the at least one cantilever is ensured depending on its pivoting position.

[0029] A luminaire according to claim 7 is flexible and durable. The flexible substrate can be easily and reliably adapted to a displacement caused by the adjustment device. This ensures reliable attachment of the at least one light source during its displacement. Unnecessary wear is avoided.

[0030] The at least one flexible substrate comprises, in particular, a flexible printed circuit board. A flexible printed circuit board enables a reliable power supply and control of the at least one light source. Preferably, a plurality of light sources, in particular a plurality of LEDs, are arranged on the at least one flexible substrate. The flexible substrate can be a light strip, in particular an LED strip. The luminaire preferably has one flexible substrate, in particular one light strip, per arm.

[0031] A luminaire according to claim 8 is particularly flexible. The ability to move the at least one flexible substrate along at least one arm of the adjustment device increases the flexibility when moving the at least one light source. The position of the at least one light source can be adapted particularly precisely to the at least one condition parameter, in particular the size, of the at least one plant to be grown. Preferably, the displacement of the at least one flexible substrate along the at least one arm takes place depending on the pivoting position of the arm.

[0032] The at least one flexible substrate can be displaced, in particular guided, along the boom. For example, the at least one boom can have a guide rail for the at least one flexible substrate, in particular the light strip. Preferably, one flexible substrate, in particular a light strip, can be displaced, in a guided manner, along a respective guide rail for each boom.

[0033] A luminaire according to claim 9 is structurally simple and reliable. Due to the coupling of the at least one flexible substrate to the linear drive, in particular to the spindle nut of the spindle drive, displacement of the at least one flexible substrate by the linear drive is ensured. A separate drive for the displacement of the at least one flexible substrate is not required. The at least one flexible substrate can, for example, be attached at one end, in particular with a front side, to the linear drive, in particular to the spindle nut.

[0034] Preferably, the at least one cantilever and the at least one flexible substrate are coupled to the linear drive, in particular to the spindle nut. This ensures simultaneous and coordinated displacement of the at least one cantilever and the at least one flexible substrate. In particular, displacement of the at least one flexible substrate along the at least one cantilever is ensured depending on its pivoting position.

[0035] A luminaire according to claim 10 ensures particularly efficient light irradiation onto the at least one plant to be grown. The irradiation of light from at least two sides onto the at least one plant to be grown improves the light yield of the plant. In particular, not only the edges, for example the upper leaves, of the plant are irradiated with light. The arrangement of the at least two light sources is in particular such that at least one of the light sources irradiates light onto the plant from above and at least one further light source irradiates light onto the at least one plant from the side. Preferably, the light can be irradiated using several light sources from above and at least two sides.

[0036] The luminaire particularly preferably has at least two light sources per flexible substrate, in particular per light strip. The at least one flexible substrate can in particular be arranged such that, by means of the at least two light sources of the flexible substrate, light can be radiated from at least two sides onto the at least one plant to be cultivated. For example, the light strip can be curved along an outer contour of the plant. The arrangement of the flexible substrate ensures, in particular, that at least one of the light sources radiates light onto the plant from above and at least one further light source radiates light onto the at least one plant from the side.

[0037] A luminaire according to claim 11 is particularly well adaptable to the at least one plant to be grown. Distance sensors allow the at least one light source to be positioned relative to the at least one plant to be grown in a simple and efficient manner. 3D scanners, in particular laser scanners, allow the size of the plant to be measured. Suitable 3D scanners are, for example, lidar systems, ladar systems and / or ToF cameras. Lidar is the abbreviation for "light detection and ranging" or "light imaging, detection and ranging". Ladar is the abbreviation for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation detection and ranging". ToF is the abbreviation for "time of flight". In particular, 3D scanners can be used to track the growth progress of the plant particularly precisely. The humidity can be adapted particularly precisely to the plant size.

[0038] A spectrometer, in particular a spectrometer for the near-infrared (NIR) range, also called an NIR spectrometer, enables spectral analysis of radiation emanating from the at least one plant to be cultivated. The spectral analysis allows conclusions to be drawn about various condition parameters of the at least one plant to be cultivated, for example nutrient content, water content, size, and / or leaf area index. In particular, the respective vegetation phase, in particular a respective growth phase, of the plant can be determined. Preferably, the at least one detection device has at least one spectrometer, in particular an infrared spectrometer, in particular an NIR spectrometer. In the infrared range, the reflectance of plant parts, in particular leaves, is particularly high. The size of the plant, in particular the foliage coverage, in particular the leaf area index, can therefore be determined particularly precisely.This allows simple and reliable conclusions to be drawn about the plant size and / or the vegetation phase, in particular the growth phase. The position and / or the radiation characteristics of the at least one light source can be adapted particularly precisely to the respective condition of the at least one plant to be cultivated. NIR spectroscopy has proven particularly suitable for measuring the water and / or nutrient content of the at least one plant to be cultivated. The water and / or nutrient content can be used to draw conclusions about the respective vegetation phase, in particular the growth phase, of the plant. In addition, this information can be used to control, in particular to regulate, automatic irrigation and / or fertilization of the at least one plant to be cultivated.For example, the quantity and / or quality of the nutrients in the plant can be determined, particularly based on the NIR absorption spectrum of the at least one plant being cultivated. The lighting parameters, in particular the radiation characteristics of the at least one light source, preferably the light spectrum of the at least one light source, can be adapted to the quantity and / or quality of the nutrients in the plant in such a way that the plant is stimulated to produce the required nutrients.

[0039] Wavelengths from 700 nm to 10,000 nm, in particular from 760 nm to 2,500 nm, in particular from 850 to 2,500 nm, are particularly suitable for NIR spectroscopy. The infrared spectrometer, in particular NIR spectrometer, particularly preferably enables broadband spectral analysis of wavelengths between 700 nm and 10,000 nm, in particular between 850 and 2,500 nm.

[0040] For near-infrared spectroscopy, the NIR spectrometer records the near-infrared radiation reflected by the at least one plant being cultivated. The NIR spectrometer can, for example, be an NIR sensor. An example of a suitable NIR sensor is described in DE 10 2019 102 176 A1.

[0041] The infrared radiation emanating from the at least one plant to be cultivated, in particular its leaves, is in particular reflected infrared radiation. For this purpose, infrared radiation, in particular NIR radiation, can be radiated onto the at least one plant to be cultivated. For example, the light generated by the at least one light source and radiated onto the plant can comprise infrared radiation. For example, the light spectrum of the at least one light source contains NIR radiation. Alternatively or additionally, the detection device can have at least one NIR radiation source, for example NIR LEDs and / or NIR lasers. The NIR radiation source preferably has an NIR broadband emitter. An exemplary suitable infrared radiation source is described in DE 102018 101 974 A1.By means of the NIR radiation source, NIR radiation with wavelengths from 700 nm to 10,000 nm, in particular from 760 nm to 2,500 nm, in particular from 850 to 2,500 nm, can preferably be generated. With the aid of an NIR radiation source, the NIR radiation required for NIR spectroscopy can be irradiated in a particularly targeted manner. This increases the efficiency and measurement accuracy of the spectrometer. The at least one detection device is preferably displaced by the at least one adjustment device when the at least one light source is displaced. The detection takes into account a displacement of the at least one light source. The at least one detection device, in particular the at least one spectrometer, the at least one distance sensor and / or the at least one 3D scanner, can be arranged, for example, on one or more of the arms of the adjustment device.For example, the at least one detection device can be arranged directly on the at least one cantilever. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one detection device can be arranged on a flexible substrate of the at least one light source.

[0042] The ability to move the at least one detection device, in particular the at least one NIR spectrometer, also has the advantage that the position of the at least one sensor relative to the at least one plant being cultivated can be varied. For example, measurements can be performed in different relative positions. This enables particularly precise measurements. Multiple measurements are possible, for example, at the beginning of each plant cultivation. This allows the exact initial state of the plant to be determined. Based on this determination, the further parameters for plant cultivation can be specified. For example, it can be specified at which plant size the radiation characteristics of the at least one light source are varied.

[0043] The luminaire can contain a data interface for receiving and / or transmitting data. The data interface can be wired and / or wireless. In particular, the data interface can be designed for data exchange via Bluetooth, WLAN and / or mobile communications, in particular 3G, 4G and / or 5G. The data interface can in particular be used to connect to an app on a device, in particular a smartphone, of a user of the plant luminaire. Using the data interface, operating parameters and / or cultivation data, for example, can be transferred to the luminaire. For example, information about the plant to be cultivated, in particular about its plant genus and / or species, can be transmitted to the luminaire. Based on the cultivation data, the luminaire can be optimally adapted to the cultivation of the plant in question.For example, specific operating parameters, particularly those relating to the adjustment of the luminaire and / or a variation of the beam characteristics, can be transmitted. Alternatively, such operating parameters for different plant genera and / or species can already be stored in the luminaire's memory. Data can also be output via the data interface. For example, data on at least one recorded status parameter can be output. For example, a notification can be sent to a user upon the entry of a new vegetation phase.

[0044] A luminaire according to claim 12 is particularly flexible in use and user-friendly. In particular, plant cultivation can be fully automated. For example, the at least one secondary detection device has a humidity sensor and / or a temperature sensor. With the aid of a humidity sensor, for example, the moisture content of a plant substrate, the air, and / or the at least one plant to be cultivated can be determined. Irrigation can be controlled, in particular fully automatically, depending on the determined moisture content. With the aid of a temperature sensor, a temperature required for plant growth can be monitored, in particular controlled. It is a further object of the invention to improve a device for plant cultivation. This object is achieved by a device having the features specified in claim 13.The device comprises at least one lamp for plant cultivation, as described above, and at least one container for receiving at least one plant substrate. The device has the advantages of the lamp described above. The container can be designed, in particular, to receive a plant substrate for hydroponics. The device is particularly suitable for hydroponic plant cultivation.

[0045] The device can, in particular, be designed in a modular manner. For example, different lights and different containers can be combined to adapt to different types of plant cultivation, in particular different plant sizes and / or different numbers of plants to be grown. Different containers can, for example, be suitable for hydroponics and / or the use of potting soil as a plant substrate. Different plant sizes can also be accommodated using different containers and / or plant lights.

[0046] A device according to claim 14 is particularly versatile. In particular, the device can be used for fully automated plant cultivation. A liquid reservoir and / or fertilizer reservoir can be used to adjust the irrigation and / or fertilization of the plant to the respective condition parameters. For example, a light sensor can be used to measure whether the plant requires irrigation. Water content and / or nutrient content can also be determined simply and accurately using an NIR spectrometer. Irrigation and / or fertilization can be optimally adjusted to the respective condition of the at least one plant being cultivated. This improves plant growth and the efficiency of the cultivation process.

[0047] The water reservoir and / or the fertilizer reservoir can, in particular, be part of the luminaire. For example, the luminaire can have a filling opening in the luminaire body for filling the water reservoir and / or the fertilizer reservoir.

[0048] The device, in particular the container, can also have an irrigation device for automatic watering. In particular, the irrigation device can be designed for drip irrigation.

[0049] The device, in particular the vessel, can have a temperature control device, in particular a heater. The temperature control device can ensure the optimal temperature for plant cultivation.

[0050] It is a further object of the invention to improve a method for plant cultivation.

[0051] This object is achieved by a method having the steps specified in claim 15. First, at least one plant to be grown and a lamp as described above are provided. Preferably, the device for growing plants as described above is provided. With the aid of the at least one light source of the lamp, light is radiated onto the at least one plant to be grown. With the aid of the at least one detection device of the lamp, at least one condition parameter of the at least one plant to be grown is detected. With the aid of the at least one adjustment device, the at least one light source is displaced relative to the at least one plant to be grown depending on the at least one condition parameter. The method has the advantages described with regard to the lamp. Plant growth can be promoted particularly advantageously with this method.Plant cultivation is efficient and energy-saving.

[0052] The at least one plant to be cultivated can be provided, in particular, as plant seed, germinated plant seed, seedling, and / or mature plant. The method for cultivating the plant can extend over one or more of the vegetation phases of the at least one plant to be cultivated, in particular the seedling phase, the growth phase, the flowering phase, the planting phase, and / or the harvesting phase.

[0053] A method according to claim 16 can be adapted particularly precisely to the different growth stages of the plant. The measurement can be carried out, in particular, with at least one spectrometer, preferably an NIR spectrometer, at least one distance sensor, and / or at least one 3D scanner.

[0054] A method according to claim 17 is particularly well adaptable to the respective needs of the plant. In particular, different growth stages of the at least one plant to be cultivated can be taken into account. The radiation characteristics, in particular the spectrum and / or the intensity of the at least one light source, can be adapted to the respective condition, in particular the vegetation phase, of the at least one plant to be cultivated.

[0055] A method according to claim 18 is particularly flexible and versatile. The determination of at least one additional condition parameter allows for even more precise consideration of the respective plant condition. In particular, the determination of the water content and / or nutrient content of the at least one plant to be cultivated enables fully automated irrigation and / or fertilization of the plant. Not only the lighting, but also the supply of water and / or nutrients to the plant can be optimally adapted to the type of plant and / or its respective condition.

[0056] A method according to claim 19 is particularly versatile and precise. The calibration step can, for example, comprise the input of starting parameters. For example, a species or genus of a plant to be cultivated and / or specific requirements can be transmitted to the plant cultivation system via a data interface. The further cultivation process can be carried out depending on these starting parameters.

[0057] Preferably, the calibration step automatically detects the initial state, in particular the species or genus and / or the initial size of the plant to be grown. This allows the optimal starting configuration, in particular the position and / or distance characteristics, of the at least one light source to be automatically selected. In the calibration step, the at least one state parameter can preferably be measured several times using the at least one detection device, particularly preferably with different positions of the at least one detection device relative to the at least one plant to be grown.

[0058] The calibration step is particularly advantageous for modular plant cultivation systems. Regardless of the combination of light and container, it ensures optimal adaptation of the light to the plant being grown.

[0059] A method according to claim 20 is particularly flexible. Several degrees of freedom allow for particularly good adjustment of the position of the at least one light source relative to the plant. Possible degrees of freedom include, in particular, height adjustability of the luminaire, in particular of a luminaire base body, pivotability of at least one arm, and / or displacement, in particular displacement, of the at least one light source along an arm, in particular a pivotable arm.

[0060] A method according to claim 21 is particularly precise and fail-safe. Coupling the displacement at different degrees of light, in particular at least three different degrees of light, enables precise and coordinated displacement of the at least one light source. The use of a single drive makes the luminaire structurally simple and fail-safe.

[0061] Further features, advantages, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments based on the drawings. In the drawings: Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a device for plant cultivation with a lamp, wherein the geometry of the lamp is adapted to the small size of the plant to be cultivated. Fig. 2 shows a boom and the spindle drive of the lamp according to Fig.

[0062] 1,

[0063] Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the device according to Fig. 1, where a geometry of the lamp is adapted to a larger size of the plant to be grown,

[0064] Fig. 4 is a side view of the device according to Fig. 3,

[0065] Fig. 5 is a perspective view obliquely from below of the device according to Fig. 3 and

[0066] Fig. 6 shows a schematic process sequence of a plant cultivation method. An exemplary embodiment of a device 1 for plant cultivation is described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5. The device 1 has a lamp 2 for plant cultivation and a container 3. The geometry of the lamp 2 can be adapted to the growth of a schematically represented plant 4 to be cultivated. Fig. 1 shows the plant 4 at the beginning of plant cultivation. The geometry of the lamp 2 is adapted to the small size of the plant 4. Fig. 2 shows individual components of the lamp 2 at the beginning of plant cultivation. In Figs. 3 to 5, the lamp is adapted to the plant growth that has taken place in the meantime and thus to a larger size of the plant 4. For reasons of clarity, the grown plant 4 is only shown schematically in Fig. 4.

[0067] The container 3 forms a receptacle for a plant substrate 5, shown schematically in Figs. 1 and 3. The plant 4 is planted in the plant substrate 5. The plant substrate 5 can be, for example, potting soil or a substrate for hydroponics. Only one plant 4 to be grown is shown schematically in the figures. However, due to the size of the container 3, several plants can also be planted in the plant substrate contained therein. For example, several plants can be grouped around the lamp 2.

[0068] The container 3 is designed as a single piece with the lamp 2. The lamp 2 has a lamp base 6. The lamp base is designed in the form of a base arranged centrally in the container 3.

[0069] The luminaire 2 has an adjustment device 7. The adjustment device 7 has four arms 8 and a spindle drive 9. The spindle drive 9 has a threaded spindle 10 and a spindle nut 11. The threaded spindle 10 is integrated into the plant base body 6. When the spindle nut 11 is rotated, it moves in the vertical direction v along the threaded spindle (see Fig. 2).

[0070] The outriggers 8 are arranged in a star shape around the luminaire base body 6. The outriggers 8 are pivotably mounted on a sleeve 13 via a flexible joint 12 (see Fig. 2). The sleeve 13 is rotatably mounted on the luminaire base body 6. With the help of the flexible joint 12, the outriggers 8 can be pivoted relative to the sleeve 13 and thus relative to the luminaire base body 6. In the illustrated embodiment, the pivoting occurs around a horizontal pivot axis. The pivoting is carried out by means of the spindle drive 9.

[0071] The arms 8 are arranged in a shade-like manner on the luminaire body 6. When the luminaire geometry is adjusted, the shade formed by the arms 8 opens or closes.

[0072] The outriggers 8 are each coupled to the spindle nut 11 via a coupling element designed as a coupling rod 14. The coupling rods 14 are each rigidly mounted on the spindle nut 11. The coupling rods 14 are arranged on the respective outriggers 8 in such a way that the coupling rods 14 serve as guide gears when pivoting the outriggers 8. The coupling rods 14 are arranged on the respective outriggers 8 via a torsion compensation element 36.

[0073] The adjustment device 13 has an electric motor in the form of a torque motor (not shown). The torque motor is arranged in the area of ​​the luminaire's main body 6 at the level of the sleeve 13. By rotating the torque motor, the sleeve 13 can be set in rotation relative to the main body 6. With the sleeve 13, the arms 8 begin to rotate. The rotation is transmitted to the spindle nut 11 via the coupling rods 14. The rotation is shown schematically in Fig. 2 by the arrow R. The rotation is transmitted to the threaded spindle 11, whereupon the spindle moves in the vertical direction v. Depending on the direction of rotation, the spindle nut moves up or down on the threaded spindle 10. The vertical displacement of the threaded spindle also displaces the coupling rods 14 upwards.The coupling rods 14 act as guide gears, causing the arms 8 to pivot relative to the sleeve 13 and thus relative to the lamp base 6. The pivoting occurs about a horizontal pivot axis defined by the flexible joint 12. The pivoting leads to a displacement of the end 15 of the arms 8 facing away from the lamp base 6.

[0074] When the spindle nut 11 moves upwards, a boom end 15 of the boom 8 is displaced upwards and laterally away from the lamp base 6. The shade formed by the boom 8 opens. When the spindle nut 11 moves in the opposite direction, i.e., when it moves downwards along the threaded spindle 10, the boom end is moved downwards and laterally toward the lamp base 6. The shade formed by the boom 8 closes.

[0075] In the embodiments shown in the figures, the arms 8 and, via them, the spindle nut 11 are rotated to effect a displacement. In other embodiments not shown, the lamp base 6, or at least the threaded spindle 10, is rotatably mounted. The threaded spindle 10 is rotated by the motor, so that the arms 8 pivot but not rotate. In yet other embodiments, a linear displacement occurs using other linear drives. Instead of a spindle drive, a pneumatic and / or hydraulic drive, for example, can be used. The general idea of ​​displacing the light sources relative to the plant is independent of the adjustment device 7 specifically described here. Any other adjustment device that enables such a displacement can be provided.The luminaire 2 has a plurality of light sources in the form of LEDs 16. For reasons of clarity, only individual LEDs 16 are provided with reference numerals in the figures. The LEDs 16 are arranged along flexible substrates 17. The flexible substrates 17 are formed by flexible printed circuit boards. The flexible substrates 17 are designed in the form of a light strip. Each boom 8 has a light strip 17 with LEDs 16. The light strips 17 are each guided in linear guides 18 of the boom 8. The light strips 17 can be moved along the boom 18.

[0076] One end 19 of the light strips 17 is attached to the spindle nut 11. When the spindle nut 11 is moved along the threaded spindle 10, the ends 19 of the light strips 17 are driven along. Driving the ends 19 of the light strips 17 causes a relative displacement of the light strips 17 to the respective boom 8. The rotary drive therefore pivots the boom 8 and causes a relative linear movement of the light strips 17 to the boom 8. The rotary movement causes a displacement of the LEDs 16 relative to the lamp base 6 and thus relative to the plant 4 being cultivated.

[0077] The adjustment device 7 serves to adjust the position of the LEDs 16 relative to the plant 4 to be grown. The adjustment device 7 allows the luminaire geometry of the luminaire 2 to be changed. Figs. 1 and 3 to 5 show examples of different luminaire geometries of the luminaire 2. The adjustment device 7 enables continuous change of the luminaire geometry. The different luminaire geometries are also referred to below as adjustment states. With the aid of the spindle drive 9, a continuous adjustment and adaptation of the luminaire 2 to the plant 4 is possible. Fig. 1 shows an adjustment state in which the arms 8 are pivoted downward as far as possible. The spindle nut 11 is in the area of ​​the lower end of the threaded spindle 10. The light strips 17 extend above the spindle nut 11 along the threaded spindle 10.The light strips 17 therefore extend over part of the luminaire body 6, which is designed as a base. The light strips 17 are also guided within the linear guide rails 18 of the respective booms 8. The LEDs 16 therefore radiate light onto the plant 4 from the side of the luminaire body 6 and from above in the direction of the booms 8. Due to the downwardly folded state, the light is also radiated onto the plant 4 from the side opposite the luminaire body. Due to the folded-in adjustment state, the light generated by the LEDs 16 is largely concentrated on the plant 4. Stray light is reduced. This makes the luminaire energy-efficient. The light generated by the LEDs 16 can be optimally used to illuminate the plant 4.

[0078] 3 to 5, the spindle nut 11 is moved towards the upper end of the threaded spindle 10. As a result, the arms 8 are pivoted upwards. In this adjusted state, the arms 8 extend essentially horizontally from the luminaire body 6 outwards. The arms 8 therefore enable a taller and wider plant 4 to be covered. At the same time, the ends 19 of the light strips 17 are arranged in the region of the upper end of the threaded spindle 10. The light strips 17 are therefore displaced relative to the arms 8. The end 20 of the light strips 17 opposite the end 19 therefore projects from the linear guide rails 18 beyond the free arm end 15 of the arms 8. A flexible joint 21 is arranged at the arm end 15. The flexible joint 21 ensures that the boom ends 15 hang downwards following the force of gravity.Accordingly, the light strips 17 hang downwards at the sides. Due to this arrangement of the light strips 17, the plant 4 is illuminated from above and from the side facing away from the luminaire body 6.

[0079] In the various adjustment positions of the lamp 2, the plant 4 is illuminated from at least two sides. This increases the light yield during plant cultivation. Lower-lying leaves are not shaded by higher-lying leaves. Instead, light is introduced from different sides.

[0080] The adjustment device 7 repositions the LEDs 16 relative to the plant 4. The position of the LEDs 16 can therefore be optimally adjusted to the current condition of the plant 4, particularly the size of the plant 4. The repositioning of the luminaire 2 is fully automatic.

[0081] The luminaire 2 has a detection device 22 for detecting a condition parameter of the plant 4 (see Lig. 5). The detection device 22 has an NIR spectrometer 24 and an NIR broadband emitter 23. The NIR broadband emitter 23 radiates broadband infrared radiation onto the plant 4. Infrared radiation reflected by the plant 4, in particular its foliage, is detected by the NIR spectrometer 24. The spectrum of the reflected infrared radiation allows conclusions to be drawn about the foliage and thus the size of the plant 4. Furthermore, a leaf area index can be determined from this. The NIR spectrum can also be used to determine the water and / or nutrient content of the plant 4. These condition parameters of the plant 4 make it possible to determine a growth condition, in particular the size, and different vegetation phases, in particular growth phases.Depending on the plant size and / or the vegetation phase, in particular the growth phase, the geometry of the lamp 2 is adjusted to ensure optimal illumination of the plant 4 with the aid of the LEDs 16.

[0082] The LEDs 16 are adjustable in their radiation characteristics. This means that the intensity and spectrum of the light generated by the LEDs 16 are adapted to the respective status parameters determined by the detection device 22. This ensures optimal plant growth.

[0083] The adjustment device 7 has an evaluation unit (not shown) that determines at least one condition parameter, in particular the size, leaf area index, water content, and / or nutrient content of the plant 4, from the NIR spectrum. Depending on this condition parameter, the adjustment device is controlled to relocate the LEDs 16 relative to the plant 4.

[0084] In the embodiment shown in the figures, the NIR broadband emitters 23 are arranged in two of the four cantilevers 8 at the level of the connection between the coupling rods 14 and the respective cantilever 8. An NIR spectrometer 24 is arranged at a corresponding location on each of the other two cantilevers 8. In other embodiments not shown, one NIR emitter 23 and one NIR spectrometer 24 can be arranged on each cantilever 8.

[0085] In other embodiments not shown, other sensors can be provided in addition to or alternatively to the NIR spectrometers. For example, distance sensors can be used to determine a distance between the LEDs 16 and the plant 4. From the determined distance and the adjustment state, the size of the plant can be determined, for example. In yet other embodiments, the shape and size of the plant 4 can be detected using 3D scanners, in particular laser scanners, for example NIR laser scanners. Particularly preferably, the detection device has at least one NIR spectrometer and at least one 3D scanner. In a preferred embodiment, 3D scanners, in particular laser scanners, and NIR spectrometers can be arranged alternately on the booms.

[0086] The lamp 2 has a secondary detection device 25 for detecting at least one further condition parameter of the plant 4. The secondary detection device 25 is arranged on the underside of the spindle nut 11 (see Fig. 5). The secondary detection device 25 has temperature sensors 26 and humidity sensors 27. With the help of the temperature sensors 26, a temperature of the plant 4 and / or its environment can be measured. The temperature desired for plant cultivation can be monitored by means of the temperature sensors 26. In some embodiments, the temperature can also be controllable. For this purpose, the vessel 3 can have a heater (not shown).

[0087] With the help of the humidity sensors 27, an air humidity, soil moisture and / or a water content of the plant 4 can be determined.

[0088] Based on the determined humidity values, the irrigation of the plant 4 can be adjusted. The vessel 3 has an automatic irrigation device 28 with sprinklers 29. The device 1 enables targeted irrigation of the plant 4, in particular drip irrigation. Irrigation occurs automatically based on the humidity values ​​determined with the aid of the humidity sensors 27 and / or a water content of the plant 4 determined with the aid of the NIR spectrometer 24. The irrigation device 28 has a liquid reservoir 30. The liquid reservoir 30 is formed within the lamp base body 6.

[0089] The liquid reservoir 30 can be filled via a filling opening 32 which can be closed by means of a flap 31

[0090] The device 1 also has a fertilizer reservoir 35. The fertilizer reservoir is schematically shown in Fig. 4. The fertilizer reservoir 35 enables automatic fertilization of the plant, in particular based on a nutrient content of the plant 4 determined with the aid of the NIR spectrometer 24. In other embodiments not shown, the fertilizer can also be supplied via the water reservoir and the irrigation device.

[0091] The device 1 has a power connection 33 formed in the container 3. The device 1 can be supplied with power via the power connection 33. To supply the LEDs 16 with power, the light strips 17 are connected at their ends 19 to wire loops 34. The wire loops 34 enable a power connection independent of any displacement of the ends 19 of the light strips 17 along the spindle drive 10. In the area of ​​the sleeve 13, the power connection is made via sliding contacts, in particular for ground and / or positive pole. Another optional sliding contact is used for data transmission, in particular for transmitting the data acquired by the detection devices 22 and / or the secondary detection devices 25.

[0092] The luminaire 2 has a data interface (not explicitly shown) for exchanging data. The data interface is designed as a wireless data connection. In other embodiments not shown, a cable-based data interface can be used, for example via the power connection 33. Using the data interface, operating parameters and / or cultivation data relating to the plant 4 can be transferred to the luminaire 2. Alternatively or additionally, operating states of the luminaire 2 can be output. In particular, status parameters of the plant 4 determined using the detection device 22 and / or the secondary detection device 25 can be output. For example, an output can be made when the plant 4 has reached a new growth stage. The data input or output can be made, for example, via a user's terminal device, in particular a smartphone and / or a tablet.For example, a special app may be provided for this purpose.

[0093] With reference to Fig. 6, a plant cultivation method 40 is described below.

[0094] In a provision step 41, at least one plant to be grown and a lamp for plant cultivation are provided. The provided lamp can be the previously described lamp 2. Preferably, the lamp is provided as part of the device 1. In a calibration step 42, the provided lamp is calibrated. For example, operating parameters and / or cultivation data, in particular the species or genus of the plant to be grown, can be transferred to the lamp. The lamp can also perform automatic detection of relevant operating parameters and / or cultivation data. In particular, condition parameters of the plant to be grown can be determined by repeated measurements.

[0095] In a plant cultivation step 43, light is irradiated onto the at least one plant to be cultivated using at least one light source of the lamp. In the plant cultivation step 43, at least one plant parameter is detected in a detection step 44. Depending on the detected condition parameter, in an adjustment step 45, the at least one light source is displaced relative to the plant to be cultivated using an adjustment device of the lamp. This results in a condition-dependent adjustment of the geometry of the lamp.

[0096] The detection step 44 and the adjustment step 45 are performed repeatedly, as indicated by the repetition loop 46. In particular, a continuous and / or step-by-step adjustment of the luminaire geometry can be performed.

[0097] Depending on the at least one condition parameter of the plant to be grown detected in the detection step 44, the radiation characteristic, in particular the spectrum and / or the intensity, of the at least one light source is also adjusted. In particular, the radiation characteristic is adjusted to a vegetation phase, in particular the growth phase, of the plant. The adjustment can be carried out in the adjustment step 45. In a secondary detection step 47, at least one further condition parameter of the plant to be grown is detected. Depending on the further condition parameter, a corresponding adjustment is carried out in an adjustment step 48. For example, in the secondary

[0098] In detection step 47, a water and / or nutrient content of the plant to be grown is determined. In adaptation step 48, the plant is then automatically watered and / or fertilized. Secondary detection step 47 and adaptation step 48 are repeated cyclically, as indicated by repetition loop 49. In particular, continuous and / or step-by-step monitoring and / or control of the water balance and / or nutrient balance of the at least one plant to be grown can take place. In secondary detection step 47, further state parameters, for example an ambient temperature, can also be detected. Depending on the further state parameters, a further adjustment, for example an adjustment of the temperature, can take place in adaptation step 48.

Claims

Patent claims 1. A lamp for plant cultivation, comprising at least one light source (16) for generating light for cultivating at least one plant (4), at least one detection device (22) for detecting at least one state parameter of the at least one plant (4), and at least one adjustment device (7) for repositioning the at least one light source (16) relative to the at least one plant (4) depending on the at least one state parameter detected by the at least one detection device (22).

2. A lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one adjustment device (7) comprises a linear drive, in particular a spindle drive (9).

3. Luminaire according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one adjustment device (7) has at least one arm (8) pivotably mounted relative to a luminaire base body (6).

4. Luminaire according to claim 3, characterized in that the at least one arm (8) is coupled via a coupling element (14) to a linear drive, in particular to a spindle nut (11) of a spindle drive (9), to which at least one adjustment device (7) is coupled.

5. Luminaire according to at least one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the at least one light source (16) is displaceable along the at least one arm (8), in particular guided displaceable.

6. Luminaire according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one light source (16) is coupled to a linear drive of the at least one adjusting device (7), in particular to a spindle nut (11) of a spindle drive (9).

7. Luminaire according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one light source (16) is arranged on at least one flexible substrate (17).

8. Luminaire according to claim 7, characterized in that the at least one flexible substrate (17) is displaceable, in particular guided, along at least one extension (8) of the at least one adjustment device (7).

9. Luminaire according to at least one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the at least one flexible substrate (17) is coupled to a linear drive of the at least one adjustment device (7), in particular to a spindle nut (11) of a spindle drive (9).

10. Luminaire according to at least one of the aforementioned claims, characterized by at least two light sources (16), wherein the at least two light sources (16) are arranged such that light can be shone onto the at least one plant (4) to be grown from at least two sides by means of the at least two light sources (16).

11. Luminaire according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one detection device (22) comprises at least one spectrometer, in particular at least one NIR spectrometer (24), at least one distance sensor and / or at least one 3D scanner.

12. Luminaire according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one secondary detection device (25) for detecting at least one further state parameter of the at least one plant (4) to be grown.

13. Device for plant cultivation, comprising at least one lamp (2) according to at least one of the aforementioned claims and at least one vessel (3) for receiving at least one plant substrate (5).

14. Device according to claim 13, characterized by at least one liquid reservoir (30) and / or a fertilizer reservoir (35) for supplying the at least one plant (4) to be grown with liquid and / or fertilizer, in particular in the case of dependence on at least one recorded condition parameter of at least one plant to be grown (4).

15. Method for growing plants, comprising the following steps - providing at least one plant to be grown (4), Providing a light fixture (2) in accordance with at least one of claims 1 to 12, - Shining light onto the at least one plant to be grown (4) by means of the at least one light source (16), - Detecting at least one state parameter of the at least one plant to be grown (4) by means of the at least one detection device (22) and Moving the at least one light source (16) relative to the at least one plant to be grown (4) depending on the at least one state parameter by means of the at least one adjustment device (7).

16. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that a leaf area index and / or a size of the at least one plant (4) is detected by means of the at least one detection device (22).

17. Method according to at least one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that a radiation characteristic of the at least one light source (16) is varied, in particular adapted, depending on the detected at least one state parameter.

18. Method according to at least one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that at least one additional state parameter of the at least one plant (4) to be grown, in particular its water content and / or nutrient content, is determined.

19. Method according to at least one of claims 15 to 18, characterized by a calibration step (42) for determining a starting configuration of the luminaire (2), in particular a position and / or a radiation characteristic of the at least one light source (16), at the beginning of plant cultivation.

20. Method according to at least one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that the displacement of the at least one light source (16) takes place in at least two, in particular in at least three, degrees of freedom.

21. Method according to claim 20, characterized in that the displacement is coupled in different degrees of freedom, in particular by a single drive.

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