Wireless transceiver unit (WTRU) and the methods used in wireless transceiver units (WTRU).

Abstract

The invention relates to a wireless receiver / transmitter (WTRU) capable of identifying a set of applicable TCI states using TCI state groups. The WTRU can receive an RRC configuration for a set of TCI states, each state being identified by a TCI state identifier. The WTRU can receive a signal linking each of one or more groups of TCI states with a TCI state identifier. The WTRU can receive a signal indicating the TCI state group applicable to the first and / or second TCI state and / or the TCI state group applicable to the first and second CoresetPoolIndex values. The WTRU can trigger TCI states for any TCI state identifier contained in the first signal linked to the TCI state group indicated by the second signal. WTRU can update the first and / or second TCI state to the corresponding TCI state(s) for the group of TCI states applicable to the TCI indicator value under the first signal.

Description

ENABLING DYNAMIC SPATIAL AND TIME DOMAIN ADAPTATION OF TRANSMISSION / RECEPTION POINTSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of United States Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 531,162, filed on August 7, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND

[0002] 3GPP NR systems support operation in which a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may be communicating with more than one transmission / reception point (TRP) that are not co-located. This type of operation may enhance throughput and robustness of the connection. Multi-TRP operation may be supported for PDCCH, PDSCH, PUCCH and / or PUSCH channels.

[0003] TRP activation / deactivation may be a possible technique for network energy savings. The technique may bring the energy savings by allowing the network to turn on TRP transmission and / or reception functions only when necessary given traffic conditions.SUMMARY

[0004] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may determine a set of applicable TCI states using groups of TCI states (e.g., as part of a unified TCI state framework). The WTRU may receive an RRC configuration for a set of TCI states, with each identified by a TCI state identity. The WTRU may receives (first) signaling (e.g. MAC CE) associating, for each value of a TCI indicator (e.g. 3 bits), each of one or more TCI state group (e.g. A, B, C) to a TCI state identity (e.g. codepoint “2” corresponds to TCI state identities 2, 9, 15 for TCI state groups A, B, C respectively. The WTRU may receive (second) signaling (e.g. MAC CE, DCI) indicating TCI state group applicable to first TCI state (e.g. for 1stTRP) and / or TCI state group applicable to second TCI state (e.g. for 2ndTRP), (e.g., for S-DCI M-TRP), and / or TCI state group applicable to first CoresetPoollndex value (0) and second CoresetPoollndex value (1) (e.g., for M-DCI M-TRP). The WTRU may activates the TCI states for any TCI state identity included in the first signaling that is associated with a TCI state group indicated by the second signaling. The WTRU may deactivate the TCI states for any TCI state identity included in the first signaling that is associated with a TCI state group not indicated by the second signaling. For example, the second signaling may activate groups B and C, then the WTRU activates any TCI state indicated by the first signaling as associated with group B or C for any codepoint.

[0005] The WTRU may receive (third) signaling (e.g. DCI) including a TCI indicator (e.g. a DCI scheduling / activating PDSCH or PUSCH). The WTRU may update first and / or second TCI state to the TCI state(s) corresponding to the applicable TCI state group for the value of the TCI indicator according to the first signaling, where the TCI indicator may indicate whether the first TCI state (e.g., only), the second TCI state (e.g., only), or both the first and second TCI states are updated (e.g., for an S-DCI M-TRP framework). The WTRU may determine applicable CoresetPoollndex value from the third signaling (DCI) (e.g., based on Coreset for the decoded PDCCH), determine the TCI state group associated with the CoresetPoollndex from the second signaling, and / or update the TCI state for the applicable CoresetPoollndex based on the TCI indicator value and the TCI state group associated with the CoresetPoollndex (e.g., for an M-DCI M-TRP framework). The WTRU may perform one or more of the following using the updated TCI state(s): PDCCH monitoring; PSCH reception; PUCCH transmission; PUSCH transmission, including power control configuration (TAG); SRS transmission, (aperiodic) CSI-RS reception; and / or beam failure detection. A TCI state may be a DL TCI state, UL TCI state and / or joint DL / UL TCI state.

[0006] For example, the WTRU may receive an RRC configuration associated with one or more TCI states from a network. One or more (e.g., each) of the TCI states may be associated with a respective TCI state identity. The WTRU may receive a first message (e.g., via MAC CE) that indicates, for (e.g., each of) a plurality of TCI indicators, a respective association between a TCI state group and a TCI state identity. The WTRU may receive a second message (e.g., a bitmap) indicating one or more TCI state groups. The second message may include an index, and the WTRU may determine a table associated with the index. The table may include one or more entries, where a (e.g., each) entry may indicate whether a respective TCI state group is activated or deactivated. The WTRU may determine, for a (e.g., each) entry that indicates that a respective TCI state group is activated, one or more TCI states associated with the respective TCI state group. The table associated with the index may be configured via RRC signaling.

[0007] The WTRU may determine a subset of the one or more TCI states. A (e.g., each) TCI state of the subset may be associated with a TCI state identity indicated in the first message and the one or more TCI state groups indicated in the second message. The WTRU may activate a (e.g., each) TCI state of the subset, and may receive a third message indicating a TCI indicator of the plurality of TCI indicators. The WTRU may update the activated subset of the one or more TCI states based on the TCI indicator received in the third message. For example, the WTRU may determine an applicable CoresetPoollndex value based on the third message, determine a TCI state group associated with the applicable CoresetPoollndex valuebased on the second message, and update the activated subset of TCI states based on the TCI indicator received in the third message and the TCI state group associated with the applicable CoresetPoollndex value. The WTRU may perform an uplink transmission, a downlink transmission, and / or a measurement using the updated subset of the TCI states. For example, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following using the updated TCI state(s): PDCCH monitoring; PSCH reception; PUCCH transmission; PUSCH transmission, including power control configuration (TAG); SRS transmission, (aperiodic) CSI-RS reception; and / or beam failure detection.

[0008] The WTRU may determine that one or more TCI state groups are not indicated in the second message, then determine a second subset of the one or more TCI states. The second subset may include TCI states that are associated with a TCI state identity indicated in the first message and a TCI state group that is not indicated in the second message. The WTRU may deactivate a (e.g., each) TCI state of the second subset. The WTR may further determine a default TCI state group, determine that no TCI state group is activated, and may activate the default TCI state group.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] FIG. 1 A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.

[0010] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment.

[0011] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A according to an embodiment.

[0012] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1 A according to an embodiment.

[0013] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a WTRU determining a set of applicable TCI states using groups of TCI states.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] FIG. 1 A is a diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wirelessusers. The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word DFT-Spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0015] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a RAN 104 / 113, a CN 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or a “STA”, may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0016] The communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the I nternet 110, and / or the other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a gNB, a NR NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0017] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0018] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0019] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0020] I n an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0021] I n an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0022] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., a eNB and a gNB).

[0023] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0024] The base station 114b in FIG. 1 A may be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0025] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may be utilizing a NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0026] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit- switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and / or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0027] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0028] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1 B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0029] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 tooperate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0030] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g. , the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0031] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. 1 B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0032] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11, for example.

[0033] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0034] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0035] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable locationdetermination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0036] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and / or Augmented Reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0037] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In an embodiment, the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmissionand reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the UL (e.g, for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0038] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0039] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0040] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0041] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0042] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0043] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter- eNode B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0044] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0045] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0046] Although the WTRU is described in FIGS. 1 A-1 D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0047] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0048] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have an access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic in to and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. The traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to- peer traffic. The peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802.11 e DLS or an 802.11 z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (I BSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an “ad- hoc” mode of communication.

[0049] When using the 802.11 ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operations, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixedwidth (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example in in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, the STAs (e.g., every ST A), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0050] High Throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0051] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. The 40 MHz, and / or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing, may be done on each stream separately. The streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0052] Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11 af and 802.11 ah. The channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.11 af and 802.11 ah relative to those used in 802.11 n, and 802.11ac. 802.11 af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11 ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11 ah may support Meter Type Control / Machine- Type Communications, such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. The MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0053] WLAN systems, which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11 n, 802.11 ac, 802.11 af, and 802.11 ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel.The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a ST A, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.11 ah, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode), transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the frequency bands remains idle and may be available.

[0054] In the United States, the available frequency bands, which may be used by 802.11 ah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11 ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0055] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0056] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0057] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing varying number of OFDM symbols and / or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).

[0058] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0059] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.

[0060] The CN 115 shown in FIG. 1 D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0061] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b in order to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for machine type communication (MTC) access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0062] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, and the like. A PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernetbased, and the like.

[0063] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0064] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0065] In view of Figures 1A-1 D, and the corresponding description of Figures 1A-1 D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to one or more of: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-ab, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or any other device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0066] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and / or may performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0067] The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e. g. , testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0068] If a WTRU is configured to operate with one or more TRPs and the network deactivates at least one of these TRPs, WTRU transmission and / or reception may fail or have lower reliability. More specifically, the following channels may be subject to impairments: PDCCH; PDSCH; PUCCH; and / or PUSCH.

[0069] PDCCH may be subject to impairments. If the TCI state for a Coreset corresponds to a deactivated TRP, no PDCCH candidate using this Coreset may be used, which may result in lower PDCCH capacity and / or coverage. If one or more (e.g., all) Coresets correspond to deactivated TRPs, no PDCCH receptionmay be possible. In addition, if search space linking is configured for one or more (e.g., two) search spaces and one of the search spaces is associated with a deactivated Coreset, the WTRU may expect the same information transmitted over PDCCH candidates of both search spaces and may not be able to receive PDCCH if one of the candidates is not transmitted.

[0070] PDSCH may be subject to impairments. If the TCI state for a PDSCH corresponds to a deactivated TRP, reception of this PDSCH may not be not possible. In addition, if PDSCH repetitions from a single DCI are configured, the WTRU may fail decoding PDSCH if some repetitions are associated to a TCI state corresponding to a deactivated TRP.

[0071] PUCCH may be subject to impairments. If the TCI state or the spatial relation configured or indicated for a PUCCH corresponds to a deactivated TRP, reception of this PUCCH may fail. In addition, if PUCCH repetitions are configured and at some repetitions are associated to a TCI state or spatial relation corresponding to a deactivated TRP, reliability may degrade.

[0072] PUSCH may be subject to impairments. If the TCI state or SRS resource set configured or indicated for a PUSCH corresponds to a deactivated TRP, reception of this PUSCH may fail. In addition, if PUSCH repetitions are configured and some repetitions are associated to a TCI state or SRS resource set corresponding to a deactivated TRP, reliability may degrade.

[0073] A WTRU may transmit or receive a physical channel or reference signal (RS) according to at least one spatial domain filter. The term “beam” may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter.

[0074] The WTRU may transmit a physical channel or signal using the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for receiving an RS (e.g., CSI-RS) or a SS block. The WTRU transmission may be referred to as “target”, and the received RS or SS block may be referred to as “reference” or “source”. In such case, the WTRU may be said to transmit the target physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to such RS or SS block.

[0075] The WTRU may transmit a first physical channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for transmitting a second physical channel or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as “target” and “reference” (or “source”), respectively. In such case, the WTRU may be said to transmit the first (e.g., target) physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to the second (e.g., reference) physical channel or signal.

[0076] A spatial relation may be implicit, configured by RRC or signaled by MAC CE or DCI. For example, a WTRU may implicitly transmit PUSCH and DM-RS of PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as an SRS indicated by an SRS resource indicator (SRI) indicated in DCI or configured by RRC. In anotherexample, a spatial relation may be configured by RRC for an SRI or signaled by MAC CE for a PUCCH. Such spatial relation may also be referred to as a “beam indication.”

[0077] The WTRU may receive a first (e.g. , target) downlink channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameter as a second (e.g., reference) downlink channel or signal. For example, such association may exist between a physical channel such as PDCCH or PDSCH and its respective DM-RS. At least when the first and second signals are reference signals, such association may exist when the WTRU is configured with a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption type D between corresponding antenna ports. Such association may be configured as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state. A WTRU may be indicated an association between a CSI-RS or SS block and a DM-RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by RRC and / or signaled by MAC CE. Such indication may also be referred to as a “beam indication.”

[0078] A unified TCI (UTCI) (e.g., a common TCI, a common beam, a common RS, etc.) may refer to a beam / RS to be (e.g., simultaneously) used for multiple physical channels / signals. The term ‘TCI” may at least comprise a TCI state that includes at least one source RS to provide a reference (e.g., WTRU assumption) for determining QCL and / or spatial filter.

[0079] In an example, a WTRU may receive (e.g., from a gNB) an indication of a first unified TCI to be used / applied for both a downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a downlink shared channel (PDSCH) (e.g., and a downlink RS). The source reference signal(s) in the first unified TCI may provide common QCL information at least for WTRU-dedicated reception on the PDSCH and all (e.g., or a subset of) CORESETs in a CC. In an example, a WTRU may receive (e.g., from a gNB) an indication of a second unified TCI to be used / applied for both an uplink control channel (PUCCH) and an uplink shared channel (PUSCH) (e.g., and an uplink RS). The source reference signal(s) in the second unified TCI may provide a reference for determining common UL TX spatial filter(s) at least for dynamic-grant / configured-grant based PUSCH and all (e.g., or a subset of) dedicated PUCCH resources in a CC.

[0080] The WTRU may be configured with a first mode for unified TCI (e.g., SeparateDLULTCI mode) where an indicated unified TCI (e.g., the first unified TCI or the second unified TCI) may be applicable for either downlink (e.g., based on the first unified TCI) or uplink (e.g., based on the second unified TCI).

[0081] In an example, a WTRU may receive (e.g., from a gNB) an indication of a second unified TCI to be used / applied commonly for a PDCCH, a PDSCH, a PUCCH, and / or a PUSCH (and a DL RS and / or a UL RS).

[0082] The WTRU may be configured with a second mode for unified TCI (e.g., JointTCI mode) where an indicated unified TCI (e.g., the third unified TCI) may be applicable for both downlink and uplink (e.g., based on the third unified TCI).

[0083] The WTRU may determine a TCI state applicable to a transmission or reception by first determining a Unified TCI state instance applicable to this transmission or reception, then determining a TCI state corresponding to the Unified TCI state instance. A transmission may consist of at least PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS. A reception may consist of PDCCH, PDSCH, and / or CSI-RS. A Unified TCI state instance may also be referred to TCI state group, TCI state process, unified TCI pool, a group of TCI states, a set of time-domain instances / stamps / slots / symbols, and / or a set of frequency-domain instances / RBs / subbands, etc. A Unified TCI state instance may be equivalent or identified to a Coreset Pool identity (e.g., CORESETPoollndex, a TRP indicator, etc.).

[0084] Herein, the term “unified TCI” may be interchangeably used with one or more of “unified TCI- states,” “unified TCI instance,” “TCI,” and “TCI-state” or ‘TCI state,” consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0085] Herein, a TCI state may consist of a downlink TCI state, an uplink TCI state, and / or a joint downlink / uplink TCI state.

[0086] Herein, the term “TRP” (e.g., transmission and reception point) may be interchangeably used with one or more of “TP” (transmission point), “RP” (reception point), “RRH” (radio remote head), “DA” (distributed antenna), “BS” (base station), “a sector” (of a BS), and / or “a cell” (e.g., a geographical cell area served by a BS), consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein. Also, the term “multi-TRP” may be interchangeably used with one or more of “MTRP,” “M-TRP,” and / or “multiple TRPs,” consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0087] Herein, the term “S-DCI M-TRP” may be used to refer to a scheme where a set of transmissions (e.g., or repetitions) associated with multiple TRPs is scheduled from a same DCI. When used in conjunction with unified TCI framework, a DCI may indicate an update to first and / or second unified TCI state.

[0088] Herein, the term “M-DCI M-TRP” may be used to refer to a scheme where a set of transmissions (e.g., or repetitions) associated to multiple TRP’s is scheduled from more than one DCI. When used in conjunction with unified TCI framework, a DCI associated with a coresetPoollndex value may indicate an update to the unified TCI state specific to this coresetPoollndex value.

[0089] As used herein, a property of a grant or assignment may include one or more of the following: a frequency allocation; an aspect of a time allocation (e.g., a duration); a priority; a modulation and coding scheme; a transport block size; a number of spatial layers; a number of transport blocks; a TCI state, CRI or SRI; a number of repetitions; whether the repetition scheme is Type A or Type B; whether the grant is a configured grant type 1 , a configured grant type 2, or a dynamic grant; whether the assignment is a dynamic assignment or a semi-persistent scheduling (e.g., configured) assignment; a configured grant index or a semi-persistent assignment index; a periodicity of a configured grant or assignment; a channel access priority class (CAPC); and / or any parameter provided in a DCI, by MAC or by RRC for the scheduling the grant or assignment.

[0090] As used herein, an indication by DCI may include one or more of the following: an explicit indication by a DCI field or by RNTI used to mask CRC of the PDCCH; and / or an implicit indication by a property, such as DCI format, DCI size, Coreset or search space, Aggregation Level, first resource element of the received DCI (e.g., index of first Control Channel Element), where the mapping between the property and the value may be signaled by RRC or MAC. Any signals, messages, resource allocations, and / or indications disclosed herein as being transmitted or sent by a network (e.g., a gNB and / or eNB) may be sent via a DCI and received by a WTRU.

[0091] The term “CSI” may refer to channel state information, which may include one or more of the following: channel quality index (CQI), rank indicator (Rl), precoding matrix index (PMI), an L1 channel measurement (e.g. RSRP such as L1-RSRP, or SINR), CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), SS / PBCH block resource indicator (SSBRI), layer indicator (LI), and / or any other measurement quantity measured by the WTRU from the configured CSI-RS or SS / PBCH (SSB) block.

[0092] The term “UCI” may refer to uplink control information, which may include: CSI, HARQ feedback for one or more HARQ processes, Scheduling request (SR), Link recovery request (LRR), CG-UCI, and / or other control information bits that may be transmitted on the PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0093] The term “channel conditions” may refer to any conditions relating to the state of the radio / channel, which may be determined by the WTRU from: a WTRU measurement (e.g., L1 / SINR / RSRP, CQI / MCS, channel occupancy, RSSI, power headroom, exposure headroom), L3 / mobility-based measurements (e.g. RSRP, RSRQ, s-measure), an RLM state, and / or channel availability in unlicensed spectrum (e.g. whether the channel is occupied based on determination of an LBT procedure or whether the channel is deemed to have experienced a consistent LBT failure).

[0094] The term “PRACH resource” may refer to a PRACH resource (e.g., in frequency), a PRACH occasion (RO) (e.g., in time), a preamble format (e.g., in terms of total preamble duration, sequence length, guard time duration and / or in terms of length of cyclic prefix), and / or a certain preamble sequence used for the transmission of a preamble in a random access procedure.

[0095] A property of scheduling information (e.g., an uplink grant or a downlink assignment) may include one or more of the following: a frequency allocation; an aspect of time allocation, such as a duration; a priority; a modulation and coding scheme; a transport block size; a number of spatial layers; a number of transport blocks to be carried; a TCI state or SRI; a number of repetitions; whether the grant is a configured grant type 1 , type 2 or a dynamic grant; etc.

[0096] An indication by DCI, or an indication, may include one or more of the following: an explicit indication by a DCI field or by RNTI used to mask CRC of the PDCCH; an implicit indication by a property such as DCI format, DCI size, Coreset or search space, aggregation level, identity of first control channel resource (e.g., index of first CCE) for a DCI, where the mapping between the property and the value may be signaled by RRC or MAC; and / or an explicit indication by a DL MAC CE.

[0097] One or more of the embodiments disclosed herein may be described within the context of unified TCI state framework for single or multiple TRPs, but may also be applicable to a non-unified TCI state framework.

[0098] A WTRU may determine a set of applicable TCI states using groups of TCI states. For example, the WTRU may efficiently address TCI states (e.g., beams) when the network changes the subset of active (e.g., or inactive) TRPs within a set of TRPs. FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a WTRU determining a set of applicable TCI states using groups of TCI states.

[0099] The WTRU may receive an RRC configuration for a set of TCI states, (e.g., each) identified by a TCI state identity. For example, the RRC configuration may be associated with the TCI states, one or more (e.g., each) of which may be associated with a respective TCI state identity.

[0100] The WTRU may receive (first) signaling (e.g. MAC CE) associating, for a (e.g., each) value of a TCI indicator (e.g. 3 bits), (e.g, each of) one or more TCI state group (e.g. A, B, C) to a TCI state identity (e.g. codepoint “2” corresponds to TCI state identities 2, 9, 15 for TCI state groups A, B, C respectively). For example, the first signaling (e.g, a first message) may indicate, for one or more (e.g, each) of a plurality of TCI indicators, a respective association between a TCI state group and a TCI state identity.

[0101] The WTRU may receive (second) signaling (e.g, via MAC CE and / or DCI) indicating a TCI state group applicable to first TCI state (e.g. for 1stTRP) and / or a TCI state group applicable to second TCI state(e.g. for 2ndTRP) (e.g, for S-DCI M-TRP), and / or a TCI state group applicable to first CoresetPool Index value (0) and second CoresetPoollndex value (1) (e.g., for M-DCI M-TRP). For example, the second signaling (e.g., second message) may indicate one or more TCI state groups. The second signaling may include or may be a bitmap. The second signaling may include an index, and the WTRU may determine a table (e.g., which may be configured by RRC signaling) associated with the index, where the table includes one or more entries indicating whether a respective TCI state group is activated or deactivated. The WTRU may determine, for a (e.g., each) entry that indicates that a respective TCI state group is activated, one or more TCI states associated with the respective TCI state group.

[0102] The WTRU may activate the TCI states for any TCI state identity included in the first signaling that is associated with a TCI state group indicated by the second signaling. For example, the WTRU may determine the TCI states (e.g., a subset of the TCI states) that are associated with the TCI state identity(ies) included in the first signaling that is associated with a TCI state group indicated by the second signaling. The WTRU may deactivate the TCI states for any TCI state identity included in the first signaling that is associated with a TCI state group not indicated by the second signaling. For example, the WTRU may determine the TCI states (e.g., a second subset of the TCI states) that are associated with the TCI state identity(ies) included in the first signaling that is associated with a TCI state group not indicated by the second signaling. For example, the second signaling may activate groups B and C, and the WTRU may activate any TCI state indicated by the first signaling as associated with group B or C for any codepoint, and / or the WTRU may deactivate any TCI state indicated by the first signaling as associated with group A.

[0103] The WTRU may receive (third) signaling (e.g. DCI) including a TCI indicator (e.g. a DCI scheduling / activating PDSCH or PUSCH). For example, the third signaling (e.g., third message) may indicate a TCI indicator of the plurality of TCI indicators.

[0104] The WTRU may update the first and / or second TCI state to the TCI state(s) (e.g, the activated subset of the TCI states) corresponding to the applicable TCI state group for the value of the TCI indicator received in the third message according to the first signaling, where the TCI indicator may indicate whether the first TCI state (e.g, only), the second TCI state (e.g, only), or both first and second TCI states are updated (e.g, for S-DCI M-TRP).

[0105] The WTRU may determine the applicable CoresetPoollndex value from the third signaling (DCI) (e.g, based on Coreset for the decoded PDCCH), determine the TCI state group associated with the applicable CoresetPoollndex value from the second signaling, and / or update the TCI state for theapplicable CoresetPoollndex value based on the TCI indicator value and the TCI state group associated with the CoresetPoollndex e.g., for M-DCI M-TRP).

[0106] The WTRU may perform one or more of the following using the updated subset of TCI state(s): an uplink transmission (e.g., PDCCH monitoring; PSCH reception; PUCCH transmission; PUSCH transmission, including power control configuration (TAG); SRS transmission); a downlink reception (e.g., (aperiodic) CSI-RS reception); and / or a measurement (e.g., beam failure detection).

[0107] A TCI state may be a DL TCI state, a UL TCI state, and / or a joint DL / UL TCI state.

[0108] A TCI state group may be used. A UE may first associate a TCI state group to a TCI state using one or more of the solutions disclosed herein. A TCI state group may be identified by an index and / or by a physical cell identity.

[0109] Association by MAC CE may be performed. A WTRU may perform association based on reception of MAC signaling. For example, the WTRU may receive a MAC Control Element (MAC CE) indicating, for a (e.g., at least one) value of a TCI codepoint, a TCI state identity for (e.g., each of) at least one TCI state group. For example, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE indicating that codepoint “1” corresponds to TCI state identities 3, 10, 13 for TCI state groups A, B, C respectively, that codepoint “2” corresponds to TCI state identities 2, 9, 15 for TCI state groups A, B, C respectively, and so on. The WTRU may also activate the set of indicated TCI states upon reception of the MAC CE. Alternatively, the WTRU may only activate a subset of the indicated TCI states upon reception of subsequent signaling (e.g., as described herein).

[0110] A (e.g., the same) MAC CE may also indicate, for (e.g., each of the) at least one value of a TCI codepoint, if the WTRU updates a first unified TCI state, a second unified TCI state, or both first and second unified TCI states upon reception of a DCI including a TCI indicator field with this value of the TCI codepoint, at least for S-DCI M-TRP operation.

[0111] A (e.g., the same) MAC CE may also indicate a CoresetPoollndex value associated with the indicated TCI states, at least for M-DCI M-TRP operation.

[0112] The WTRU may receive one or more MAC CE, where a (e.g., each) MAC CE may indicate an association between a TCI codepoint and a TCI state specific to a TCI state group. For example, the WTRU may receive a first MAC CE indicating the identity of a first TCI state group and at least one TCI state identity and possibly associated TCI codepoint. The WTRU may then receive a second MAC CE indicating the identity of a second TCI state group and at least one TCI state identities and associated TCI codepoint.

[0113] Association by RRC may be performed. The WTRU may associate a TCI state group with a TCI state based on RRC configuration. The association may be indicated explicitly. For example, a TCI state group identity may be indicated as part of a TCI state configuration. Such indication may consist of the existing “additionalPCI” information element (e.g., if the reference signal is an SSB) or of a new information element. If the “additionalPCI” information element is not present, the indication may correspond to the PCI of the serving cell. The association may be determined implicitly from a linked TCI state. For example, a first reference signal (such as a CSI-RS) may be included as part of the configuration of a first TCI state. A second TCI state may be included as part of the configuration of the first reference signal as QCL source. In this case, the TCI state group identity of the first TCI state may be the TCI state group identity of the second TCI state.

[0114] An indication of a activated / deactivated TCI state groups may be received. The WTRU may receive signaling indicating a subset of TCI state groups to activate or deactivate. The WTRU may then activate or deactivate and / or identify associated TCI states as applicable for scheduling, as described herein.

[0115] The WTRU may receive signaling explicitly indicating a subset of TCI state groups to be activated and / or a subset of TCI state groups to be deactivated. For example, the signaling may indicate that TCI state groups A and C are activated, and that TCI state group B is deactivated.

[0116] For example, the indication may consist of a bitmap, where a (e.g., each) bit corresponds to a TCI state group and the value of the bit indicates whether the TCI state group is activated or deactivated. In another example, the WTRU may receive signaling indicating whether a (e.g., single) specific TCI state group is activated or deactivated.

[0117] The indication may consist of an index referring to a table, where a (e.g., each) entry of the table may indicate, for a (e.g., each) TCI state group, whether it is activated or deactivated. Such table may be configured by RRC signaling. Alternatively, the table may be pre-defined for each possible number of configured TCI state groups.

[0118] A WTRU-group common PDCCH may be used. The signaling may be included in a MAC CE or in a DCI. The DCI may be from a PDCCH received in a WTRU-group common search space. In this case, the WTRU may first receive configuration of the bit position within the DCI for a (e.g., each) TCI state group.

[0119] Cell / TRP DTX / DRX activation / deactivation may be performed. The WTRU may monitor the WTRU- group common PDCCH for cell DTX / DRX activation for at least one cell or TRP. Upon reception of PDCCH indicating that cell DTX and / or DRX is activated (e.g., or deactivated) for a cell or TRP, the WTRU may deactivate (e.g., or activate) a TCI state group associated with the cell or TRP. The deactivation oractivation may apply to downlink reception for the case of cell DTX, and may apply to uplink transmission for the case of cell DRX. The association between the TCI state group and cell or TRP may be configured explicitly by RRC, or may be based on physical cell identity (PCI) used to generate SSB for the cell or TRP. For example, if the WTRU receives PDCCH indicating DTX / DRX activation for a cell using a certain PCI, the WTRU may deactivate a TCI state group corresponding to this PCI (e.g. for TCI states configured with additionalPCI set to this PCI). The activation / deactivation of TCI state group upon reception of cell DTX / DRX indication may (e.g., only) takes place if the PCI is not the PCI of the serving cell of the WTRU.

[0120] A WTRU-specific PDCCH may be used. The DCI may be from a PDCCH received in a WTRU- specific search space, such as a DCI scheduling PDSCH or PUSCH, activating semi-persistently scheduled PDSCH, activating PUSCH by configured grant type 2, or a DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 without downlink assignment. The indication may be in a new field of the DCI. For example, when operating M-TRP using M-DCI, a field of a DCI may indicate an activated TCI state group associated to CoresetPool Index of the PDCCH from which DCI is decoded. In another example, when operating M-TRP using S-DCI, a field (e.g., or two fields) may indicate one or more (e.g., two) activated TCI state groups associated with first and second unified TCI states.

[0121] There may be a maximum number of activated TCI state groups. The WTRU may be configured with a maximum number of activated TCI state groups, for example one (1) (e.g., if it is not configured for M-TRP operation (e.g. single TRP)) or two (2) or more (e.g., if it is configured for M-TRP operation). If the WTRU receives signaling such that the number of activated TCI state groups would exceed the maximum, the WTRU may activate TCI state groups based on a priority order. For example, a first TCI state group (A) may have highest priority, a second TCI state group (B) may have second highest priority and a third TCI state group (C) may have lowest priority. If signaling (e.g., WTRU-group common PDCCH) indicates that TCI state groups A, B and C should be activated, but the maximum number of activated TCI state groups is 2, the WTRU may (e.g., only) activate TCI state groups A and B and deactivate TCI state group C.

[0122] Association of TCI state group with a CoresetPoollndex or first / second unified TCI state for M-TRP may be performed. The signaling may further indicate the association between an activated TCI state group and a CoresetPoollndex value to support M-DCI M-TRP operation, or the association between an activated TCI state group and a first or second unified TCI state to support S-DCI M-TRP operation.

[0123] The signaling may indicate the association explicitly. For example, the signaling may indicate a first activated TCI state group associated with a first value of CoresetPoollndex (e.g., or first unified TCI state), and a second activated TCI state group associated with a second value of CoresetPoollndex (e.g., orsecond unified TCI state). For example, a MAC CE or DCI may contain first and second fields, corresponding to first value and second value (respectively) of CoresetPool Index (e.g. , or unified TCI state). The WTRU may activate the indicated TCI state groups and deactivate TCI state groups that are not included in the signaling.

[0124] Alternatively, the WTRU may determine the association implicitly based on the activation state of a (e.g., each) TCI state group and a priority order defined over the TCI state group. The WTRU may associate the TCI state group that has highest priority among the activated TCI state groups with the first value of CoresetPoollndex (e.g., or first unified TCI state), and the TCI state group that has second highest priority among the activated TCI state groups with the second value of CoresetPoollndex (e.g., or second unified TCI state), if there is a second activated TCI state group. For example, a first TCI state group (A) may have highest priority, a second TCI state group (B) may have second highest priority and a third TCI state group (C) may have lowest priority. In a scenario where TCI state groups A and C are activated, the WTRU may associate TCI state group A with the first value of CoresetPoollndex (e.g., or first unified TCI state), and TCI state group C with the second value of CoresetPoollndex (e.g., or second unified TCI state). In a scenario where TCI state groups B and C are activated, the WTRU may associate TCI state group B with the first value of CoresetPoollndex (e.g., or first unified TCI state), and TCI state group C with the second value of CoresetPoollndex (e.g., or second unified TCI state).

[0125] Alternatively, the WTRU may determine the association implicitly from the CoresetPoollndex of the Coreset from which the PDCCH carrying the DCI is decoded. For example, when operating M-TRP using M-DCI, a field of a DCI may indicate an activated TCI state group associated with the CoresetPoollndex of the PDCCH from which DCI is decoded.

[0126] A default TCI state group may be used. The WTRU may determine a default TCI state group. A default TCI state group may correspond to at least one of the following: a set of TCI states including the default TCI state as defined in existing system; a TCI state group corresponding to the PCI of the serving cell, or identified with a specific identifier (e.g. zero (0)); and / or a TCI state group specifically identified as default TCI state group by signaling (e.g, MAC CE and / or DCI).

[0127] The WTRU may activate the default TCI state group if signaling indicates that no TCI state group is activated. In case of M-TRP operation, the WTRU may determine a default TCI state group for a (e.g, each of the) CoresetPoollndex value(s), or (e.g, each of) the first and / or second unified TCI states.

[0128] A single activated TCI state group in M-TRP operation may be provided. The WTRU may receive signaling resulting in fewer activated TCI state groups than the maximum number of activated TCI stategroups. For example, the WTRLI may be configured for M-TRP operation with a maximum of 2 activated TCI state groups, and may receive signaling activating a single TCI state group. In this case, the WTRU may apply at least one of the following solutions.

[0129] In a first solution, if signaling does not provide association between an activated TCI state group and a first CoresetPoollndex value, the WTRU may associate the default TCI state group with the first CoresetPoollndex value. Alternatively, if an active TCI state group is associated with a second CoresetPoollndex value, the WTRU may associate this TCI state group with the first CoresetPoollndex value. Alternatively, transmission and / or reception associated with the first CoresetPoollndex value may not be supported.

[0130] In a second solution, if signaling does not provide association between an activated TCI state group and first (e.g, or second) unified TCI state, the WTRU may associate the default TCI state group with the first (e.g., or second) unified TCI state. Alternatively, if an activated TCI state group is associated with the second (e.g., or first) unified TCI state, the WTRU may associate this TCI state group with the second (e.g., or first) unified TCI state. Alternatively, transmission or reception associated with the first (e.g, or second) unified TCI state may not be supported.

[0131] Activation / deactivation of TCI states corresponding to TCI state groups may be performed. Upon reception of signaling activating (e.g, or deactivating) a TCI state group, the WTRU may activate (e.g, or deactivate) TCI states associated with the TCI state group and initiate (e.g, or stop) monitoring corresponding reference signals. The WTRU may interpret a subsequent DCI according to the indicated activated TCI state groups after a period of time after reception of the signaling indicating a change of activated TCI state groups. The period of time may be pre-defined and / or received via signaling.

[0132] Indication and application / update of TCI states may be performed. The WTRU may receive signaling indicating and updating at least one (e.g, unified) TCI state for transmissions and / or receptions, including for example PDCCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS, and / or CSI-RS. Such signaling may also modify resources applicable to beam failure detection and recovery. The signaling may consist of a DCI decoded from PDCCH received in a WTRU-specific search space, such as a DCI scheduling PDSCH or PUSCH, activating semi-persistently scheduled PDSCH, activating PUSCH by configured grant type 2, or a DCI format 1_1 or 1_2 without downlink assignment. Such DCI may include a TCI state indicator updating at least one unified TCI state.

[0133] In the case of single TRP operation, the WTRU may determine a single unified TCI state. The WTRU may first determine the activated TCI state group. The WTRU may determine the identity of theunified TCI state to update by looking up the TCI state identity for the activated TCI state group and TCI codepoint included in the DCI.

[0134] In the case of M-DCI M-TRP operation, the WTRU may determine a unified TCI state associated with the CoresetPool Index value corresponding to the DCI. The CoresetPoollndex value may be the one configured for the Coreset from which the PDCCH containing the DCI is decoded. The WTRU may first determine the TCI state group associated with the CoresetPoollndex value based on signaling (e.g., as described herein). The WTRU may then determine the identity of the unified TCI state to update by looking up the TCI state identity for the TCI state group and TCI codepoint included in the DCI.

[0135] In case of S-DCI M-TRP operation, the WTRU may update the first and / or second unified TCI states. The WTRU may determine whether to update the first unified TCI state, the second unified TCI state, or both first and second unified TCI states based on, for example, the value of the TCI codepoint and the mapping signaled by a MAC CE (e.g., as described herein). The WTRU may determine the first (e.g., or second) TCI state group associated with the first (e.g., or second) unified TCI state based on signaling (e.g., as described herein). The WTRU may then determine the identity of the first (e.g., or second) unified TCI states to update by looking up the TCI state identity for the first (e.g., or second) TCI state group and TCI codepoint included in the DCI. Single TRP, M-DCI M-TRP, and / or S-DCI M-TRP may be used concurrently and / or separately for a given WTRU.

[0136] After determining and / or updating the identity(ies) of the unified TCI state(s), the WTRU may perform at least one of the following actions using these unified TCI states: PDCCH monitoring; PDSCH reception; PUCCH transmission; PUSCH transmission, including power control configuration and / or timing of timing advance; SRS transmission; (e.g., aperiodic) CSI-RS reception; and / or beam failure detection.

[0137] TRP DTX / DRX may be provided. The gNB may reduce downlink transmission / uplink reception activity from a given TRP with or without out an explicit signaling of a TRP DTX / DRX pattern. TRP DTX / DRX may be used to inform a WTRU whether a given TRP stays inactive or active. During TRP DTX / DRX, the TRP may have no transmission / reception, or may (e.g., only) keep limited transmission / reception (e.g. common signals and channels which may be received by legacy WTRUs or during I dle / l nactive mode). For example, the TRP may or may not transmit or receive some periodic signals / channels, such as common channels / signals and / or WTRU specific signals or channels.

[0138] TRP DTX / DRX may be applied to at least WTRUs in RRC_CONNECTED state. A periodic TRP DTX / DRX (e.g., active and non-active periods) may be configured by gNB via WTRU-specific RRC signalling per serving cell. TRP DTX / DRX mode may be activated / de-activated via dynamic L1 signalling(e. g . , similar to signaling used to activate or deactivate cell DRX / DTX) and / or WTRU-specific RRC signaling. Both WTRU specific and group common L1 signalling may be used for activating / deactivating the TRP DTX / DRX mode. TRP DTX and TRP DRX modes may be configured and operated separately (e.g., one RRC configuration set for DL and another for UL). TRP DTX / DRX can also be configured and operated together. At least the following parameters may be configured per TRP DTX / DRX configuration: periodicity, start slot / offset, and / or on duration. The TRP DTX indication may also be part of SI update or SIB signalling. There may be a common time for one or more (e.g., all) WTRUs to determine TRP DTX status.

[0139] The WTRU may be predefined or configured per TRP DTX and / or a TRP DRX configuration and / or sub-configuration with one or more of the following parameters and behaviors: one or more beam(s) or spatial relation(s) to apply when TRP DTX / DRX is activated vs. deactivated; one or more applicable configured grant (CG) or semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) configuration(s); whether the WTRU should monitor PDCCH on a given coreset, search space, or aggregation level when the TRP DRX / DTX is activated vs. deactivated (e.g. for dynamic grants, dynamic DL assignments or other DL signaling, including. DCI with CRC scrambled by PS-RNTI, PDCCH skipping indication) and / or during the TRP DTX inactive period; whether to monitor given reference signals from a given TRP (e.g., during the non active period) when TRP DTX is activated, including BFD, RLM, and / or CSI-RS reference signals; PRACH resources or PRACH resource configuration that may be or may not be applicable during a TRP DRX inactive period, or if a cell DRX configuration is activated; SR / PUCCH resources or SR / PUCCH resource configuration that may be or may not be applicable during a TRP DRX inactive period, or if a TRP DRX configuration is activated; the WTRU may (e.g., only) transmit on configured grant if corresponding SRS resource does not correspond to a TRP off or TRP DRX; CSI-reporti ng or CSI-reporting resource configurations that may be or may not be applicable during a TRP DRX inactive period, or if a TRP DRX configuration is activated; and / or SRS resources or SRS resource configuration that may be or may not be applicable during a TRP DRX inactive period, or if a TRP DRX configuration is activated.

[0140] The WTRU may be predefined or configured per TRP DTX and / or a TRP DRX configuration and / or sub-configuration with PRACH resources or PRACH resource configuration that may be or may not be applicable during a TRP DRX inactive period, or if a cell DRX configuration is activated. For example, certain PRACH resources may be associated with a given TRP, and when such TRP is activated, the WTRU may be expected to refrain from transmitting PRACH on such PRACH resources.

[0141] The WTRU may be predefined or configured per TRP DTX and / or a TRP DRX configuration and / or sub-configuration with SR / PUCCH resources or SR / PUCCH resource configuration that may be or may notbe applicable during a TRP DRX inactive period, or if a TRP DRX configuration is activated. A subset of SR configurations or PUCCH resources may be associated with a given TRP, and when such TRP has TRP DRX activated, the WTRU may refrain from transmitting PUCCH to such TRP.

[0142] The WTRU may be predefined or configured per TRP DTX and / or a TRP DRX configuration and / or sub-configuration with CSI-reporting or CSI-reporti ng resource configurations that may be or may not be applicable during a TRP DRX inactive period, or if a TRP DRX configuration is activated. The WTRU may suspend CSI feedback related to TRP off or TRP DRX.

[0143] The WTRU may be predefined or configured per TRP DTX and / or a TRP DRX configuration and / or sub-configuration with SRS resources or SRS resource configuration that may be or may not be applicable during a TRP DRX inactive period, or if a TRP DRX configuration is activated. The WTRU may refrain from transmitting SRS during TRP turn off or TRP DRX. The WTRU may be configured with a secondary SRS resource set to use when the TRP is in TRP DRX, off or muted.

[0144] The WTRU may be configured with a primary TRP and / or secondary TRP(s). The WTRU may assume that TRP DRX / DTX is (e.g., only) applicable to secondary TRPs. Signaling activating TRP DRX / DTX may indicate a given TRP index (e.g., by DCI indication, per the signaling methods described herein). The WTRU may be configured with a stable vs. non-stable TRP classification, whereby a stable TRP would not turn off or apply TRP DRX / DTX. The WTRU may not monitor TRP muting signaling or DTX / DRX activation signaling for stable TRPs. The WTRU may monitor TRP DTX / DRX activation signaling (e.g., including signaling described herein) at specific occasions, e.g. periodically.

[0145] When a given TRP has TRP DRX / DTX activated, the WTRU may monitor additional signals and channels on alternative TRP(s). For example, the WTRU may conditionally monitor an additional coreset, search space, or PDCCH resource on an alternative TRP associated with the TRP that applied DTX or turn off. The WTRU may be configured with an association between TRPs (e.g. stable to non-stable TRP association) such that the WTRU may fall back to the stable TRP once the non-stable TRP is muted or turned off. The WTRU may assume a change in the coreset / search space periodicity for a TRP (e.g. a stable TRP) if another TRP is off (e.g. an associated TRP). The WTRU may be configured with a conditional search space and / or coreset to monitor on a given TRP (e.g. a stable TRP) when another TRP (e.g. an associated TRP) turns off, mutes, activates TRP DTX, or during the non-active period of TRP DTX.

[0146] A (e.g., each) Coreset may be associated with coresetPool Index and TCI state, corresponding to a TRP. The WTRU may not be required to monitor search space corresponding to TCI state / coresetPoollndex of TRPs during the DTX non active period or when the TRPs are muted or turnedoff. The WTRU may change the PDCCH monitoring rule for additional monitoring on TRP that remains on (e.g. the stable TRP or the TRP associated with the muted TRP). Upon turning off or activating TRP DTX, the muting TRP may indicate whether to not monitor the other TRP along with a TRP index, possibly for a period of timer (e.g. configured, indicated or inferred from the DTX inactive period configured).

[0147] The WTRU may be configured and / or associated with a secondary TCI state (e.g., or fallback to the other unified TCI) to use in case the primary TCI state corresponds to a TRP off or TRP DTX, and / or when the primary TRP is in the non-active period.

[0148] The WTRU may determine from system information whether a subset of the cell’s TRPs are muted or turned off or have DTX activated. The WTRU may omit signals from such TRPs for the purpose of channel measurements (e.g., for the purpose of cell selection, reselection, and / or connected mode mobility).

[0149] The WTRU may switch to monitor a different CSI-RS and / or SSB resource set dynamically if TRP activates TRP DRX or turns off.

[0150] When a subset of TRPs are in DTX, off mode, or muted, the WTRU may omit pathloss references associated with such TRP for the purpose of pathloss computation.

[0151] Adaptation of TRP antenna ports and / or elements may be performed. The WTRU may assume that a subset of antenna ports and / or elements on a given TRP are turned off, possibly as a function of the signaling cell spatial domain NES sub configuration that is applied and / or signaled. The WTRU may be configured with a spatial domain sub configuration / hypothesis per TRP, whereby the association of which TRP is muting and / or reducing its number of ports / elements is inferred from the indicated spatial domain sub configuration / hypothesis associated with the TRP by RRC configuration. The WTRU may receive a cell spatial domain sub configuration / hypothesis, but apply for a subset of TRPs, whereby the TRP subset may be indicated in separately (e.g, as described herein) and / or inferred from the sub configuration index.

[0152] The WTRU may assume that a given TRP is turned off / muted / or has TRP DTX active upon reception of an indication associated with the spatial domain sub configuration / hypothesis associated with the TRP.

[0153] For a given muted TRP, the WTRU may provide a hypothetical CSI RS, based on the transmitted signals (e.g. SSB, DRS, and / or CSI-RS from remaining ON ports / elements). The WTRU may combine the CSI report with other reports for other TRPs and / or report it separately.

[0154] The WTRU may implicitly infer the BFD, CSI, and / or RLM signals to monitor from the indicated TCI state of the respective coreset (e.g, as described herein). The WTRU may trigger BFD (e.g, only) if BFD isdetected on one or more (e.g., all) TRPs of the cell, one or more (e.g., all) TRPs of the same cell index, one or more (e.g., all) stable TRPs, and / or only for stable TRPs (e.g. those not employing a NES method). The WTRU may suspend beam failure detection for BFD-RS resources corresponding to a TRP off (e.g., suspend RLM for RLM-RS). The WTRU may suspend beam failure detection for BFD-RS resources during the non-active TRP DTX period. If a (e.g., one) TRP mutes, turns off, or applies TRP DTX, the WTRU may use resources of an alternate TRP for BFD, RLM.

[0155] The processes and instrumentalities described herein may apply in any combination, may apply to other wireless technologies, and for other services.

[0156] A WTRU may refer to an identity of the physical device, or to the user's identity such as subscription related identities, e.g., MSISDN, SIP URI, etc. WTRU may refer to application-based identities, e.g., user names that may be used per application.

[0157] The processes described above may be implemented in a computer program, software, and / or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer and / or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, electronic signals (transmitted over wired and / or wireless connections) and / or computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer- readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as, but not limited to, internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and / or optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and / or digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, and / or any host computer.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:1 . A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising a processor configured to: receive, from a network, a radio resource control (RRC) configuration associated with one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) states, wherein each of the one or more TCI states is associated with a respective TCI state identity; receive, from the network, a first message that indicates, for each of a plurality of TCI indicators, a respective association between a TCI state group and a TCI state identity; receive, from the network, a second message indicating one or more TCI state groups; determine a subset of the one or more TCI states, wherein each TCI state of the subset of the one or more TCI states is associated with a TCI state identity indicated in the first message and the one or more TCI state groups indicated in the second message; activate each of the subset of the one or more TCI states; receive, from the network, a third message indicating a TCI indicator of the plurality of TCI indicators; update the activated subset of the one or more TCI states based on the TCI indicator received in the third message; and perform at least one of an uplink transmission, a downlink transmission, or a measurement using one or more of the updated subset of the one or more TCI states.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to: determine that one or more TCI state groups are not indicated in the second message; determine a second subset of the one or more TCI states, wherein each TCI state of the second subset of the one or more TCI states is associated with a TCI state identity indicated in the first message and the one or more TCI state groups not indicated in the second message; and deactivate each of the second subset of the one or more TCI states.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 or 2, wherein the processor is further configured to: determine a default TCI state group;determine that no TCI state group is activated; and activate the default TCI state group.

4. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the processor is configured to receive the first message via a first medium access control (MAC) control element (CE).

5. The WTRU of claim 4, wherein the processor is configured to receive the second message via one or more of a second MAC CE or one or more downlink control information (DCI).

6. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the processor being configured to update the activated subset of the one or more TCI states based on the TCI indicator received in the third message comprises the processor being configured to: determine an applicable CoresetPoollndex value based on the third message; determine a TCI state group associated with the applicable CoresetPoollndex value based on the second message; and update the activated subset of the one or more TCI states based on the TCI indicator received in the third message and the TCI state group associated with the applicable CoresetPoollndex value.

7. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the processor being configured to perform at least one of an uplink transmission, a downlink transmission, or a measurement using one or more of the updated subset of the one or more TCI states comprises the processor being configured to perform at least one of the following: monitor a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); receive a downlink transmission on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); transmit an uplink transmission on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); perform a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission; receive a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission; or detect a beam failure.

8. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the second message comprises a bitmap.

9. The WTRU of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the second message comprises an index, and wherein the processor being configured to determine a subset of the one or more TCI states comprises the processor being configured to: determine a table associated with the index, wherein the table comprises one or more entries, and wherein each entry indicates whether a respective TCI state group is activated or deactivated; and determine, for each entry that indicates that a respective TCI state group is activated, one or more TCI states associated with the respective TCI state group.

10. The WTRU of claim 9, wherein the table associated with the index is configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

11. A method implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving, from a network, a radio resource control (RRC) configuration associated with one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) states, wherein each of the one or more TCI states is associated with a respective TCI state identity; receiving, from the network, a first message that indicates, for each of a plurality of TCI indicators, a respective association between a TCI state group and a TCI state identity; receiving, from the network, a second message indicating one or more TCI state groups; determining a subset of the one or more TCI states, wherein each TCI state of the subset of the one or more TCI states is associated with a TCI state identity indicated in the first message and the one or more TCI state groups indicated in the second message; activating each of the subset of the one or more TCI states; receiving, from the network, a third message indicating a TCI indicator of the plurality of TCI indicators; updating the activated subset of the one or more TCI states based on the TCI indicator received in the third message; and performing at least one of an uplink transmission, a downlink transmission, or a measurement using one or more of the updated subset of the one or more TCI states.

12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising: determining that one or more TCI state groups are not indicated in the second message;determining a second subset of the one or more TCI states, wherein each TCI state of the second subset of the one or more TCI states is associated with a TCI state identity indicated in the first message and the one or more TCI state groups not indicated in the second message; and deactivating each of the second subset of the one or more TCI states.

13. The method of claim 11 or 12, further comprising: determining a default TCI state group; determining that no TCI state group is activated; and activating the default TCI state group.

14. The method of any of claims 11 to 13, wherein the first message is received via a first medium access control (MAC) control element (CE).

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the second message is received via one or more of a second MAC CE or one or more downlink control information (DCI).

16. The method of any of claims 11 to 15, wherein updating the activated subset of the one or more TCI states based on the TCI indicator received in the third message comprises: determining an applicable CoresetPoollndex value based on the third message; determining a TCI state group associated with the applicable CoresetPoollndex value based on the second message; and updating the activated subset of the one or more TCI states based on the TCI indicator received in the third message and the TCI state group associated with the applicable CoresetPoollndex value.

17. The method of any of claims 11 to 16, wherein performing at least one of an uplink transmission, a downlink transmission, or a measurement using one or more of the updated subset of the one or more TCI states comprises performing at least one of the following: monitoring a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); receiving a downlink transmission on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); transmitting an uplink transmission on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); performing a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission; receiving a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission; or detecting a beam failure.

18. The method of any of claims 11 to 17, wherein the second message comprises a bitmap.

19. The method of any of claims 11 to 18, wherein the second message comprises an index, and wherein determining a subset of the one or more TCI states comprises: determining a table associated with the index, wherein the table comprises one or more entries, and wherein each entry indicates whether a respective TCI state group is activated or deactivated; and determining, for each entry that indicates that a respective TCI state group is activated, one or more TCI states associated with the respective TCI state group.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the table associated with the index is configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

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