Battery management devices, battery management methods, and battery management systems.

Abstract

In one aspect, the invention relates to a battery management device that receives the rest voltages collected during the rest period after the completion of charging or discharging from battery cells, and is configured to calculate voltage deviations based on the difference between the representative values ​​of the rest voltages and each rest voltage, calculates the rate of change over time of the voltage deviations, and diagnoses the state of at least one of the battery cells.

Description

Battery diagnostic device, battery diagnostic method, and battery diagnostic system

[0001] Cross-citation with related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0141241, filed October 16, 2024, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0139022, filed October 17, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] Technology field

[0004] The embodiments disclosed in this document relate to a battery diagnostic device, a battery diagnostic method, and a battery diagnostic system.

[0005] Recently, active research and development has been conducted on secondary batteries. Here, secondary batteries are defined as rechargeable batteries, including Ni / Cd batteries, Ni / MH batteries, and the recently developed lithium-ion batteries. Among secondary batteries, lithium-ion batteries can have a higher energy density than Ni / Cd and Ni / MH batteries, and can be manufactured in a compact and lightweight form, making them highly versatile as power sources for mobile devices. Recently, the scope of lithium-ion battery applications has expanded to include power sources for electric vehicles, attracting attention as a next-generation energy storage medium.

[0006] If a low-voltage fault occurs in a specific battery cell, its voltage may fluctuate significantly compared to other cells during the resting state after charging or discharging. For example, after charging, the low-voltage cell may self-discharge, resulting in a greater decrease in its resting voltage than other cells. Such low-voltage battery cell failures can lead to fire, necessitating a reduction in diagnostic time.

[0007] One purpose of the embodiments disclosed in this document is to provide a battery diagnostic device, a battery diagnostic method, and a battery diagnostic system that can reduce the time required for diagnosing a low voltage phenomenon of a battery cell.

[0008] The technical objectives of the embodiments disclosed in this document are not limited to the technical tasks mentioned above, and other technical tasks not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the descriptions below.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present invention, a battery management device includes a controller including one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media storing computing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations including: receiving a plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells in an rest period after charging or discharging of the plurality of battery cells is completed; calculating a plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a representative value of the plurality of resting voltages and a difference between each of the plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells; calculating rates of change of the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells; and diagnosing a state of at least one battery cell based on a rate of change of the at least one battery cell over time among the plurality of battery cells.

[0010] According to another aspect, the computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: calculating an average and a standard deviation of the rates of change of the plurality of battery cells, and diagnosing whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the average and the standard deviation.

[0011] According to another aspect, the computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the following operations: calculating a standard score for at least one of the plurality of battery cells based on the average and the standard deviation; and diagnosing the at least one battery cell as the low voltage cell if the standard score of the at least one battery cell is lower than a lower threshold.

[0012] According to another aspect, the computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform: calculating a plurality of second deviations based on a representative value of the plurality of voltage deviations and a difference between each of the plurality of voltage deviations, and diagnosing whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second deviations.

[0013] According to another aspect, the computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform: setting a normal range of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of second deviations and the plurality of time change rates, and diagnosing a battery cell having a second deviation or change rate outside the normal range as the low voltage cell.

[0014] According to another aspect, the computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the operations of: calculating the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a median of the plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells; and estimating slopes of each of the plurality of change rates for each of the plurality of battery cells through linear regression analysis.

[0015] According to another aspect, the computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform an operation of: receiving the plurality of resting voltages, wherein the plurality of resting voltages are collected during a first time period after a full charging time has elapsed from a charging end time of the plurality of battery cells, and / or wherein the plurality of resting voltages are collected during a second time period from a discharging end time of the plurality of battery cells.

[0016] According to another aspect, the computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform an operation of: calculating rates of change of the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells through regression analysis.

[0017] According to another aspect, the computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform an operation of: diagnosing a state of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the change rates of the plurality of battery cells over time.

[0018] According to another aspect, the battery management device further includes a sensor configured to collect the plurality of rest voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells during the rest period after charging or discharging of the plurality of battery cells is completed.

[0019] According to another aspect, the battery management device further includes an interface configured to communicate with a sensor to receive the plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells, wherein the sensor is configured to collect the plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells in the resting period after charging or discharging of the plurality of battery cells is completed.

[0020] In another aspect, the computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform any of the following operations: diagnosing at least one of the plurality of battery cells as at least one of a low voltage cell and an abnormal cell, and in response to the diagnosing operation, i) transmitting a warning alarm to at least one of a user device and a display terminal with respect to the at least one diagnosed cell, ii) performing an opening or power cut for the at least one diagnosed cell, iii) electrically grounding the at least one diagnosed cell, iv) limiting or changing at least one of a performance, an output, and an operating mode of an electronic device using the at least one diagnosed cell, and v) transmitting information about the at least one diagnosed cell to an external server.

[0021] According to another aspect, a battery management device includes a controller including one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media storing computing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations, the operations comprising: receiving a plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells in an rest period after charging or discharging of the plurality of battery cells is completed; calculating a plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a representative value of the plurality of resting voltages and a difference between each of the plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells; calculating a plurality of second deviations based on the representative value of the plurality of voltage deviations and a difference between each of the plurality of voltage deviations; and diagnosing whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of second deviations.

[0022] According to some embodiments disclosed in the present document, a battery diagnostic device includes a sensor configured to collect a plurality of resting voltages in a resting period after charging or discharging is terminated from a plurality of battery cells; and a controller configured to calculate a plurality of voltage deviations based on a representative value of the plurality of resting voltages and a difference between each resting voltage, calculate a plurality of time change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations through regression analysis, and diagnose a state of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of time change rates.

[0023] According to some embodiments, the controller is configured to calculate an average and a standard deviation of the plurality of time change rates, and to diagnose whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the average and the standard deviation.

[0024] According to some embodiments, the controller is configured to calculate a standard score for each of the plurality of time variation rates based on the average and the standard deviation, and to diagnose a battery cell among the plurality of battery cells having the standard score lower than a lower threshold value as the low-voltage cell.

[0025] According to some embodiments, the controller is configured to calculate a plurality of second deviations based on a representative value of the plurality of voltage deviations and a difference between each voltage deviation, and to diagnose whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of time change rates and the plurality of second deviations.

[0026] According to some embodiments, the controller is configured to set a normal range of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of second deviations and the plurality of time change rates, and to diagnose a battery cell having a second deviation or time change rate outside the normal range as the low-voltage cell.

[0027] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to calculate the plurality of voltage deviations based on a median of the plurality of rest voltages and estimate a slope of each of the plurality of time change rates through linear regression analysis.

[0028] In some embodiments, the sensor is configured to collect the plurality of resting voltages during a first time period after a full charging time has elapsed from a charging end time of the plurality of battery cells, and to collect the plurality of resting voltages during a second time period from a discharging end time of the plurality of battery cells.

[0029] According to another aspect, a battery management method implemented through the execution of computing instructions configured to operate on one or more processors includes the steps of: receiving a plurality of resting voltages collected for each of the plurality of battery cells in a rest period after charging or discharging of the plurality of battery cells is completed; calculating a plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a representative value of the plurality of resting voltages and a difference between each of the plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells; calculating rates of change of the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells; and diagnosing a state of at least one battery cell based on the rate of change of the at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells.

[0030] According to one aspect, the step of diagnosing the state of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells includes the step of calculating an average and a standard deviation of the change rates of the plurality of battery cells; and the step of diagnosing whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the average and the standard deviation.

[0031] According to one aspect, the step of diagnosing the state of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells includes the step of calculating a standard score of the at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells based on the average and the standard deviation; and the step of diagnosing the at least one battery cell as the low-voltage cell when the standard score of the at least one battery cell is lower than a lower threshold value.

[0032] According to one aspect, the step of diagnosing the state of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells includes the step of calculating a plurality of second deviations based on a representative value of the plurality of voltage deviations and a difference between each of the plurality of voltage deviations; and the step of diagnosing whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second deviations.

[0033] According to one aspect, the step of diagnosing the state of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells includes the step of setting a normal range of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of second deviations and the plurality of time change rates; and the step of diagnosing a battery cell having a second deviation or change rate outside the normal range as the low-voltage cell.

[0034] According to one aspect, the step of calculating the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells includes the step of calculating the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a median of the plurality of resting voltages, and the step of calculating the plurality of change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations includes the step of estimating slopes for each of the plurality of change rates for each of the plurality of battery cells through linear regression analysis.

[0035] According to one aspect, the step of receiving the plurality of idle voltages includes the step of receiving the plurality of idle voltages collected during a first time period after a charging time has elapsed from a charging end time of the plurality of battery cells; and the step of receiving the plurality of idle voltages collected during a second time period from a discharging end time of the plurality of battery cells.

[0036] According to another aspect, a battery management method implemented through the execution of computing instructions configured to operate on one or more processors includes the steps of collecting a plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells in an rest period after charging or discharging of the plurality of battery cells is completed, calculating a plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a representative value of the plurality of resting voltages and a difference between each of the plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells, calculating a plurality of second deviations based on the representative value of the plurality of voltage deviations and a difference between each of the plurality of voltage deviations, and diagnosing whether a target battery cell is a low-voltage cell among the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of second deviations.

[0037] According to some embodiments disclosed in the present document, a battery diagnosis method includes the steps of collecting a plurality of resting voltages in a resting period after charging or discharging is terminated from a plurality of battery cells; calculating a plurality of voltage deviations based on a representative value of the plurality of resting voltages and a difference between each resting voltage; calculating a plurality of time change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations through regression analysis; and diagnosing a state of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of time change rates.

[0038] According to some embodiments, the step of diagnosing the status of the plurality of battery cells includes the step of calculating an average and a standard deviation of the plurality of time change rates; and the step of diagnosing whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the average and the standard deviation.

[0039] According to some embodiments, the step of diagnosing the status of the plurality of battery cells includes the step of calculating a standard score for each of the plurality of time change rates based on the average and the standard deviation; and the step of diagnosing a battery cell among the plurality of battery cells having the standard score lower than a lower threshold value as the low-voltage cell.

[0040] According to some embodiments, the step of diagnosing the status of the plurality of battery cells includes the step of calculating a plurality of second deviations based on a representative value of the plurality of voltage deviations and a difference between each voltage deviation; and the step of diagnosing whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of time change rates and the plurality of second deviations.

[0041] According to some embodiments, the step of diagnosing the status of the plurality of battery cells includes the step of setting a normal range of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of second deviations and the plurality of time change rates; and the step of diagnosing a battery cell having a second deviation or time change rate outside the normal range as the low-voltage cell.

[0042] In some embodiments, the step of calculating the plurality of voltage deviations includes the step of calculating the plurality of voltage deviations based on a median of the plurality of resting voltages, and the step of calculating the plurality of time change rates includes the step of estimating a slope of each of the plurality of time change rates through linear regression analysis.

[0043] In some embodiments, the step of collecting the plurality of resting voltages includes the step of collecting the plurality of resting voltages during a first time period after a charging time has elapsed from a charging end time of the plurality of battery cells; and the step of collecting the plurality of resting voltages during a second time period from a discharging end time of the plurality of battery cells.

[0044] According to another aspect, the battery management system includes a battery management device according to embodiments herein and a charger / discharger configured to charge or discharge a plurality of battery cells.

[0045] According to some embodiments disclosed in the present document, a battery diagnosis system includes a charger configured to charge or discharge a plurality of battery cells; and a battery diagnosis device configured to collect a plurality of resting voltages in a rest period after charging or discharging from the plurality of battery cells is terminated, calculate a plurality of voltage deviations based on a representative value of the plurality of resting voltages and a difference between each resting voltage, calculate a plurality of time change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations through regression analysis, and diagnose a state of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of time change rates.

[0046] According to the embodiments disclosed in this document, a battery diagnostic device, a battery diagnostic method, and a battery diagnostic system can be provided that can reduce the time required for diagnosing a low voltage phenomenon of a battery cell.

[0047] The technical effects according to the embodiments disclosed in this document are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of this document.

[0048] FIG. 1 may illustrate elements constituting a battery diagnostic system according to some embodiments.

[0049] FIG. 2 may illustrate elements constituting a battery diagnostic device according to some embodiments.

[0050] FIG. 3 may illustrate how the voltage of a plurality of battery cells fluctuates during a rest period after charging or discharging is completed according to some embodiments.

[0051] FIG. 4 may illustrate multiple rest voltages measured from multiple battery cells according to some embodiments.

[0052] FIG. 5 may illustrate multiple voltage deviations of multiple idle voltages according to some embodiments.

[0053] FIG. 6 may illustrate a process for diagnosing the state of a battery cell based on multiple time change rates according to some embodiments.

[0054] FIG. 7 may illustrate a process of calculating a plurality of second deviations based on a representative value of a plurality of voltage deviations and a difference between each voltage deviation according to some embodiments.

[0055] FIG. 8 may illustrate a process of setting a normal range of a plurality of battery cells based on a plurality of second deviations and a plurality of time change rates according to some embodiments.

[0056] FIG. 9 may illustrate steps of a battery diagnosis method according to some embodiments.

[0057] Hereinafter, embodiments described in this document are described with reference to the attached drawings. However, this is not intended to limit the disclosure of this document to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that various modifications, equivalents, and / or alternatives of the embodiments described in this document are included.

[0058] The embodiments and terminology used in this document are not intended to limit the technical features described in this document to a specific embodiment, but should be understood to encompass various modifications, equivalents, or alternatives of the embodiment. In connection with the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used to refer to similar or related components. The singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the item, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0059] In this document, the phrases "A or B", "at least one of A and B", "at least one of A or B", "A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", and "at least one of A, B, or C" can each include any one of the items listed together in that phrase, or all possible combinations thereof. Terms such as "first", "second", "first", "second", "A", "B", "(a)", or "(b)" may be used merely to distinguish the corresponding component from other corresponding components, and do not limit the corresponding components in any other respect (e.g., importance or order) unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0060] In this document, when a component (e.g., a first component) is referred to as being “connected,” “coupled,” or “connected,” with or without the terms “functionally” or “communicatively,” or “coupled” or “connected,” it means that the component can be connected to the other component directly (e.g., wired or wirelessly), or indirectly (e.g., via a third component).

[0061] The methods according to various embodiments disclosed herein may be provided as included in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a product between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read-only memory, CD-ROM), or may be distributed online (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) through an application store or directly between two user devices. In the case of online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product may be temporarily stored or temporarily generated in a computer-readable storage medium, such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an application store's server, or an intermediary server. According to aspects herein, one or more computer-readable media may store computing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform aspects of the battery cell management and / or diagnostic embodiments described herein.

[0062] According to the embodiments disclosed in this document, each component (e.g., a module, computing instructions, or a program) of the above-described components may include a single or multiple entities, and some of the multiple entities may be separately arranged in other components. According to the embodiments disclosed in this document, one or more components or operations of the aforementioned components may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., a module, computing instructions, or a program) may be integrated into a single component. In such a case, the integrated component may perform one or more functions of each of the plurality of components identically or similarly to those performed by the corresponding component among the plurality of components prior to the integration. According to the embodiments disclosed in this document, the operations performed by the module, computing instructions, or program or other components may be executed sequentially, in parallel, iteratively, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be executed in a different order, omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.

[0063] FIG. 1 may illustrate elements constituting a battery diagnostic system according to some embodiments.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 1, the battery diagnosis system (100) may include a charger / discharger (110), a plurality of battery cells (120), a battery diagnosis device (130), and a management server (140). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and some components may be omitted from the battery diagnosis system (100) or other general-purpose components may be further included in the battery diagnosis system (100).

[0065] The battery diagnosis system (100) may refer to a system for diagnosing a plurality of battery cells (120). The plurality of battery cells (120) may be charged or discharged by a charger / discharger (110), and the battery diagnosis device (130) may diagnose the plurality of battery cells (120) by analyzing data regarding charging / discharging of the plurality of battery cells (120).

[0066] The charger / discharger (110) can charge or discharge a plurality of battery cells (120). According to an embodiment, the charger / discharger (110) may include a power supply device configured to apply a test voltage or a test current to the plurality of battery cells (120). The test voltage / current may include a plurality of charge / discharge cycle voltages / currents. According to an embodiment, the charger / discharger (110) may include a mobility device such as an electric vehicle (HEV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), or an electric bike that is equipped with a plurality of battery cells (120).

[0067] A plurality of battery cells (120) may constitute a battery to be diagnosed. In an embodiment, the battery to be diagnosed may include a plurality of battery modules, and the plurality of battery modules may include a plurality of battery cells (120). In an embodiment, the plurality of battery cells (120) may constitute a cylindrical battery pack, and the cylindrical battery pack may be used in a battery swapping system (BSS).

[0068] The battery diagnosis device (130) can perform operations for diagnosing a plurality of battery cells (120). The battery diagnosis device (130) can measure battery data from the plurality of battery cells (120) and diagnose the plurality of battery cells (120) based on the battery data. According to an embodiment, the battery diagnosis device (130) can diagnose whether a low voltage abnormality occurs in at least one cell among the plurality of battery cells (120). According to an embodiment, the battery diagnosis device (130) can be a BMS (battery management system) device configured integrally with the plurality of battery cells (120).

[0069] The management server (140) can manage the diagnosis process and diagnosis results of the battery diagnosis device (130). The management server (140) can exchange data with the battery diagnosis device (130) via wired / wireless communication. When battery data is measured or a defect is diagnosed from a plurality of battery cells (120), the results can be transmitted to the management server (140) and recorded in a database. According to an embodiment, the management server (140) can receive data for battery diagnosis and perform operations for diagnosing the battery (120) to be diagnosed on behalf of the battery diagnosis device (130). On the other hand, the battery diagnosis device (130) can perform diagnosis operations by executing battery management software including computing commands, and the management server (140) can provide installation information and update information of the battery management software to the battery diagnosis device (130).

[0070] FIG. 2 may illustrate elements constituting a battery diagnostic device according to some embodiments.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 2, the battery diagnostic device (130) may include a sensor (131) and a controller (132). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and some components may be omitted from the battery diagnostic device (130), or other general-purpose components may be further included in the battery diagnostic device (130). According to one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device (130) includes one or more sensors, such as one or more sensors on-board the device (130). According to another embodiment, the battery diagnostic device may communicate with one or more off-board or remote sensors, for example, via an interface including communication circuits, modules, and / or chips capable of receiving information from the one or more remote sensors. For example, the battery diagnostic device may communicate with one or more remote sensors when the battery diagnostic device is located in a remote server, or when the battery diagnostic device is part of a battery charger or vehicle controller that is separate from the one or more sensors.

[0072] According to an embodiment, the sensor (131) and the controller (132) in the battery diagnostic device (130) may be electrically connected to each other through a device-to-device communication method. The device-to-device communication method may include a bus, a general purpose input and output (GPIO), a serial peripheral interface (SPI), a mobile industry processor interface (MIPI), etc.

[0073] The sensor (131) may be configured to generate various battery measurements from the battery to be diagnosed (120). For this purpose, the sensor (131) may include a measuring means such as a voltmeter, an ammeter, a thermometer, etc. In certain embodiments, the sensor (131) may be a single device, or the sensor (131) may include a plurality of individual devices that may generate various battery measurements and be provided for communication with the controller (132).

[0074] The controller (132) may have a structure for executing commands that implement the operations of the battery diagnostic device (130). The controller (132) may be implemented as an array of multiple logic gates for processing various operations or as a general-purpose microprocessor, and may be composed of a single processor or multiple processors. For example, the controller (132) may be implemented in the form of at least one of a microprocessor, a CPU, a GPU, and an AP.

[0075] The controller (132) can operate with a computer-readable storage medium, such as a memory, configured to store various data, computing instructions, mobile applications, computer programs, etc. The memory can be configured separately from or integrally with the controller (132). The controller (132) can process various operations by executing computing instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium, such as the memory. For example, the memory can be implemented as a non-volatile device, such as a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM, a flash memory, a PRAM, a MRAM, a RRAM, a FRAM, etc., or a volatile device, such as a DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, PRAM, etc., and can be implemented in the form of a HDD, an SSD, an SD, a Micro-SD, etc., or a combination thereof. According to one embodiment, the controller (132) can include an interface capable of communicating with one or more sensors, such as a communication circuit, a module, and / or a chip, which can receive information from one or more sensors, such as one or more remote sensors. According to one embodiment, the controller (132) may include one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media storing computing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform aspects of the disclosure described herein, such as battery management and diagnostics.

[0076] The sensor (131) may be configured to collect a plurality of resting voltages from the plurality of battery cells (120) during an idle period after charging or discharging has been completed. During the idle period after charging or discharging has been completed, the plurality of battery cells (120) may exhibit a specific voltage pattern, and the resting voltages related to this may be collected from each battery cell. For example, in an idle state after charging has been completed, a pattern in which the voltage of the battery cell steadily decreases may appear, and in an idle state after discharging has been completed, a pattern in which the voltage of the battery cell steadily increases may appear. According to an embodiment, the resting voltage collected from each battery cell may be a voltage curve composed of measurement values ​​over time. For example, the sensor (131) may collect a plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of cells to provide voltage curves composed of measurement values ​​over time for each of the plurality of cells. According to certain embodiments, the sensor (131) may be a single device capable of collecting a plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of cells. According to other specific embodiments, the sensor (131) may include a plurality of individual devices capable of collecting a plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of cells.

[0077] The controller (132) may be configured to calculate a plurality of voltage deviations based on a representative value of a plurality of resting voltages and a difference between each resting voltage. For example, when n resting voltage curves for n battery cells are collected, a representative value curve composed of a representative value such as an average value or a median value of the n resting voltage curves at each measurement point in time may be calculated, and n voltage deviation curves may be generated based on the n resting voltage curves and the difference between the representative value curves. According to one embodiment, the controller (132) may be configured to calculate a plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a representative value of the plurality of resting voltages (e.g., an average or a median value of the resting voltages of the plurality of battery cells at each point in time) and a difference between each of the plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0078] In one embodiment, the controller (132) may be configured to calculate the rates of change of a plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of cells. For example, the controller (132) may be configured to calculate the rates of change of a plurality of voltage deviations over time through regression analysis. When n voltage deviation curves are generated, the rate of change over time of each voltage deviation curve may be calculated. The rate of change over time may refer to the slope in a time-voltage graph. The rate of change over time of each voltage deviation curve may be estimated through regression analysis or another suitable fitting technique.

[0079] The controller (132) may be configured to diagnose the condition of at least some of the plurality of battery cells (120), or all of the plurality of battery cells, based on a rate of change of a voltage deviation determined for at least one battery cell, or based on a plurality of rates of change of a plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of cells. For example, in the case of a normal battery cell, the rate of change over time of a voltage deviation curve may remain constant, whereas in the case of a low-voltage battery cell, the rate of change over time of a voltage deviation curve may continuously decrease or increase. Based on such a pattern, a battery cell corresponding to an increasing or decreasing rate of change over time among the plurality of rate of change over time may be diagnosed as defective.

[0080] According to an embodiment, the controller (132) may be configured to calculate an average and a standard deviation of a plurality of (time-dependent) change rates of a plurality of battery cells, and diagnose whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells (120) based on the average and the standard deviation. A statistical technique based on the average and the standard deviation of the plurality of time-dependent change rates may be utilized to determine whether the time-dependent change rate of the voltage deviation curve is continuously decreasing or increasing.

[0081] According to an embodiment, the controller (132) may be configured to calculate a standard score for each of a plurality of time change rates based on an average and a standard deviation, and to diagnose a battery cell having a standard score lower than a lower threshold value among the plurality of battery cells (120) as a low voltage cell. According to one embodiment, the controller may be configured to calculate a standard score for at least some or all of the plurality of battery cells based on the average and the standard deviation. As in the following mathematical expression 1, the standard score may mean a value obtained by subtracting an average value from each time change rate value and dividing the value by a standard deviation. Standard score (Score) i) can be compared to a lower threshold, and according to an embodiment, the lower threshold can be -3, which can mean -3σ corresponding to the bottom 0.3%.

[0082]

[0083] According to an embodiment, the controller (132) may be configured to calculate a plurality of second deviations based on a representative value of a plurality of voltage deviations and a difference between each of the plurality of voltage deviations, and to diagnose whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells (120) based on a plurality of (time-dependent) change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of cells and / or the plurality of second deviations. The plurality of second deviations may refer to deviation values ​​of the plurality of voltage deviations (e.g., deviations at each point in time). For example, the plurality of second deviations may be calculated based on a representative value such as an average value or a median value of the plurality of voltage deviations (e.g., an average or median value of the voltage deviations of the plurality of battery cells at each point in time). Each second deviation may indicate how far the voltage deviation of the corresponding battery cell is from the voltage deviations of other battery cells. By considering the plurality of second deviations together with the plurality of time-dependent change rates, an outlier battery cell may be identified.

[0084] In an embodiment, the controller (132) may be configured to set a normal range of the plurality of battery cells (120) based on a plurality of second deviations and a plurality of time change rates, and to diagnose a battery cell having a second deviation or time change rate that is out of the normal range as a low voltage cell. In an embodiment, a lower limit of the second deviation and a lower limit of the time change rate may be set, and a normal range of the plurality of battery cells (120) may be set based on these, and a battery cell that is out of the normal range may be diagnosed as a defective cell. The lower limit of the second deviation and the lower limit of the time change rate may be set to an appropriate statistical value. For example, at least one of -1σ to -3σ may be utilized as the lower limits.

[0085] According to an embodiment, the controller (132) may be configured to calculate a plurality of voltage deviations based on a median of a plurality of resting voltages (e.g., at each point in time) and estimate a slope of each of the plurality of time change rates through linear regression analysis. A representative value used in calculating the plurality of voltage deviations may be a median of the plurality of resting voltages (e.g., a median of the plurality of resting voltages at each point in time), and a regression analysis technique used in estimating the slope of each time change rate may be linear regression analysis.

[0086] According to one embodiment, the controller (132) may be configured to calculate a plurality of second deviations based on a representative value of a plurality of voltage deviations and a difference between each of the plurality of voltage deviations, and to diagnose whether at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells is a low voltage cell based on the second deviation of at least one battery cell. According to another embodiment, the controller (132) may diagnose each of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of second deviations of each of the plurality of battery cells.

[0087] According to an embodiment, the sensor (131) may be configured to collect a plurality of resting voltages during a first time period after a full charge time has elapsed from a charging end time of the plurality of battery cells (120), and / or to collect a plurality of resting voltages during a second time period from a discharging end time of the plurality of battery cells (120). The period for collecting the plurality of resting voltages may vary depending on whether it is a post-charge rest period or a post-discharge rest period. In the case of a post-discharge rest period, the plurality of resting voltages may be collected immediately after the discharge ends, whereas in the case of a post-discharge rest period, the plurality of resting voltages may be collected after a certain full charge time has elapsed. This may be because voltage behaviors in the resting state may be different in the case of charging and discharging.

[0088] FIG. 3 may illustrate how the voltage of a plurality of battery cells fluctuates during a rest period after charging or discharging is completed according to some embodiments.

[0089] Referring to FIG. 3, graphs (310) and (320) may be illustrated showing how the voltage of multiple battery cells fluctuates during a rest period after charging or discharging is completed.

[0090] The graph (310) may represent a resting period after charging is completed. The SOC (311) may continuously increase due to charging, and when entering the charging end SOC period (312), the charging voltage may no longer be provided at the charging completion point (313). When the charging time (314) elapses immediately after the charging completion point (313), the SOC (311) may gradually decrease, and a plurality of resting voltages may be collected during the first time period (315). According to an embodiment, the charging time (314) may be 5 minutes, and the first time period (315) may be 10 minutes, and the specific values ​​may vary as needed.

[0091] The graph (320) may represent a resting period after discharge completion. The SOC (321) may continuously decrease due to discharge, and when entering the discharge end SOC period (322), the discharge may end at the discharge completion point (323). The amount discharged up to the discharge completion point (323) may be expressed as DOD (324, depth of discharge). A plurality of resting voltages may be collected during a second time period (325) immediately after the discharge completion point (323). According to an embodiment, the second time period (325) may be 10 minutes, and specific values ​​may vary as needed.

[0092] FIG. 4 may illustrate multiple rest voltages measured from multiple battery cells according to some embodiments.

[0093] Referring to FIG. 4, a graph (400) representing a plurality of resting voltages (410) measured from a plurality of battery cells (120) may be illustrated. The graph (400) may depict n resting voltage curves for n battery cells. The graph (400) may represent a resting state after charging is complete.

[0094] As in the first time period (315) of the graph (310) of FIG. 3 described above, the plurality of resting voltages (410) of the graph (400) may continuously decrease after charging is terminated. In this case, based on the time change rate (slope) of each of the plurality of resting voltages (410), it may be determined whether there is a low-voltage cell among the plurality of battery cells (120).

[0095] FIG. 5 may illustrate multiple voltage deviations of multiple idle voltages according to some embodiments.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 5, a graph (500) representing multiple voltage deviations of multiple rest voltages may be illustrated. The graph (500) may represent multiple voltage deviations of multiple rest voltages (410) illustrated in the graph (400) of FIG. 4.

[0097] The plurality of voltage deviations of the graph (500) can be calculated based on the representative value of the plurality of resting voltages (410) (e.g., the average or median of the resting voltages for each of the plurality of cells at each point in time). According to an embodiment, the difference between each of the plurality of resting voltages (410) and the median of the plurality of resting voltages (410) can be calculated as the voltage deviation. In the case of a normal battery cell, the voltage deviation over time can remain constant, as in the first voltage deviation curve (510). On the other hand, in the case of a low-voltage battery cell, the voltage deviation over time can continuously decrease or increase, as in the second voltage deviation curve (520). The reference value of the slope for diagnosing a low-voltage failure can be calculated based on a standard score using the average and standard deviation.

[0098] FIG. 6 may illustrate a process for diagnosing the state of a battery cell based on multiple time change rates according to some embodiments.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 6, an algorithm (600) representing a process of diagnosing the state of a battery cell based on multiple time change rates can be illustrated.

[0100] In step (610), resting voltages can be collected in a resting state after charging or discharging is completed. In step (620), voltage deviations of the resting voltages can be calculated based on the median. In step (630), slope values ​​of the voltage deviations can be calculated using linear regression. In step (640), a standard score of the slope values ​​can be calculated using the mean and standard deviation.

[0101] In step (650), the standard score of each slope (time change rate) can be compared with a threshold value. The threshold value for low voltage diagnosis can be -3, which corresponds to -3σ, which represents the lower 0.3%. Meanwhile, the threshold value can also be changed to a different value depending on changes in the diagnostic requirement. If the standard score is not less than -3 (N), the battery cell can be diagnosed as a normal cell in step (660). If the standard score is less than -3 (Y), the battery cell can be diagnosed as a low voltage cell in step (670).

[0102] FIG. 7 may illustrate a process of calculating a plurality of second deviations based on a representative value of a plurality of voltage deviations (e.g., an average or median of voltage deviations for each cell at each point in time) and a difference between each voltage deviation according to some embodiments.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 7, a graph (700) may be illustrated that represents a process of calculating a plurality of second deviations based on a representative value of a plurality of voltage deviations and a difference between each voltage deviation.

[0104] Graph (700) may be identical to graph (500) of FIG. 5. Graph (700) may illustrate multiple voltage deviations (710) of multiple battery cells (120). A first voltage deviation (720) corresponding to a first battery cell among the multiple battery cells (120) may continuously decrease due to self-discharge after charging is completed.

[0105] A representative value (730) of a plurality of voltage deviations (710) can be calculated. The representative value (730) can be an average value, a median value, etc. of the plurality of voltage deviations (710) (e.g., at each point in time). In addition, a representative value (740) of a first voltage deviation (720) can be calculated. The representative value (740) can be an average value, a median value, etc. of the measured values ​​of the first voltage deviation (720) (e.g., at each point in time).

[0106] The second deviation (750) between the representative value (730) and the representative value (740) may be a second deviation calculated for the first voltage deviation (720). Second deviations may also be calculated for voltage deviations other than the first voltage deviation (720) among the plurality of voltage deviations (710). The plurality of second deviations calculated in this way may be a characteristic of the plurality of battery cells (120).

[0107] FIG. 8 may illustrate a process of setting a normal range of a plurality of battery cells based on a plurality of second deviations and a plurality of time change rates according to some embodiments.

[0108] Referring to FIG. 8, a graph (800) may be illustrated representing a process of setting a normal range of a plurality of battery cells based on a plurality of second deviations and a plurality of time change rates.

[0109] The graph (800) can show the normal range and the lower limit of the normal range for the time change rate (slope) of the horizontal axis and the second deviation of the vertical axis. The time change rate (slope) of the graph (800) can be calculated as in the graph (500) of FIG. 5, and the second deviation of the graph (800) can be calculated as in the second deviation (750) of FIG. 7. Each of the plurality of battery cells (120) can be represented as a single point having a slope value and a second deviation value.

[0110] The graph (800) may illustrate a representative value (810) of slope values ​​of a plurality of battery cells (120) and a representative value (820) of second deviation values ​​of the plurality of battery cells (120). The representative value (810) and the representative value (820) may be an average value, a median value, or the like. A lower slope limit (830) may be set based on the representative value (810) and the standard deviation of the slope values, and a second lower deviation limit (840) may be set based on the representative value (820) and the standard deviation of the second deviation values. According to an embodiment, the lower slope limit (830) and / or the second lower deviation limit (840) may be set to any one of -1σ to -3σ, or any other appropriate value.

[0111] In the graph (800), the normal range of the plurality of battery cells (120) can be set by the slope lower limit (830) and the second deviation lower limit (840). For example, among the plurality of battery cells (120), a first battery cell (850) that falls within the normal range can be diagnosed as a normal battery cell, and a second battery cell (860) that falls outside the normal range can be diagnosed as a low-voltage battery cell.

[0112] FIG. 9 may illustrate steps of a battery diagnosis method according to some embodiments.

[0113] Referring to FIG. 9, the battery diagnosis method (900) may include steps (910) to (940). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and some steps may be omitted or other general steps may be added, and the steps of the battery diagnosis method (900) may be executed in a different order than the illustrated order.

[0114] The battery diagnosis method (900) may be composed of steps that are processed in a time-series manner in the battery diagnosis device (130). Therefore, even if the content is omitted below, the content described above for the battery diagnosis device (130) may be equally applied to the battery diagnosis method (1000).

[0115] Steps (910) to (940) of the battery diagnosis method (900) may be performed by the sensor (131) and the controller (132) of the battery diagnosis device (130). According to one embodiment, the battery diagnosis method (900) may be implemented through the execution of computing instructions configured to operate on one or more processors.

[0116] In step (910), the battery diagnostic device (130) can collect a plurality of resting voltages in a resting period after charging or discharging is completed from a plurality of battery cells. In step (920), the battery diagnostic device (130) can calculate a plurality of voltage deviations based on a representative value of the plurality of resting voltages and a difference between each resting voltage. Step (910) can further include a step of calculating a plurality of second deviations based on a representative value of the plurality of voltage deviations and a difference between each of the plurality of voltage deviations.

[0117] In step (930), the battery diagnosis device (130) can calculate multiple time variation rates of the multiple voltage deviations through regression analysis. In step (940), the battery diagnosis device (130) can diagnose the condition of at least one battery cell or the multiple battery cells based on the multiple time variation rates. Additionally and / or alternatively, in step (940), the battery diagnosis device (130) can diagnose the condition of at least one battery cell or the multiple battery cells based on one or a plurality of second variation rates of the multiple battery cells, without or together with the multiple variation rates of the multiple voltage deviations. For example, according to one embodiment, step (930) of calculating the multiple variation rates of the voltage deviations can be omitted, and the multiple second variation rates can be calculated in step (920), and the multiple second variation rates can be used to diagnose all or at least a portion of the multiple battery cells in step (940).

[0118] In one embodiment, the battery management and / or diagnostic method may further include taking additional action in response to a diagnosis of one or more battery cells, such as when a low voltage cell is identified, or when a cell is identified as abnormal. In one embodiment, the controller may be configured to transmit a warning alarm to a user device and / or display terminal regarding at least one diagnosed cell, such as a user device and / or display terminal registered with and / or associated with the diagnosed cell. For example, the user may choose to stop using or modify the cell, or choose to repair or replace the cell, in response to the warning alarm. In another embodiment, the controller may be configured to cut off power to at least one diagnosed cell, or to open the at least one diagnosed cell, to prevent damage or harm from the diagnosed cell. In another embodiment, the controller may be configured to electrically ground the at least one diagnosed cell, such as by shorting the cell to ground. In another embodiment, the controller may be configured to limit or alter the performance, output, and / or operating mode of an electronic device (e.g., a consumer device, an electric vehicle, etc.) that uses at least one diagnosed cell. In another embodiment, the controller may be configured to transmit information about the at least one diagnosed cell to an external server, for example, so that the server can perform similar functions to the above to take action in response to the identification of a low voltage or other abnormal cell.

[0119] According to an embodiment, the battery diagnosis method (900) may be implemented in the form of a computer program stored on a computer-readable storage medium. That is, the computer program may include instructions for implementing the battery diagnosis method (900), and the instructions of the program may be stored on the computer-readable storage medium. The computer program may include a mobile application.

[0120] In an embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, magneto-optical media such as floptical disks, and hardware devices specially configured to store and execute computer program instructions, such as ROMs, RAMs, flash memories, and the like. The computer program instructions may include machine language codes generated by a compiler and high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc. In an embodiment, the controller includes one or more processors, and one or more computer-readable media storing computing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the steps and / or embodiments described herein.

[0121] The terms "include," "comprise," or "have" used herein, unless otherwise specifically stated, imply that the corresponding component may be included, and therefore should be interpreted to include other components rather than to exclude other components. All terms, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this document pertain, unless otherwise defined. Commonly used terms, such as terms defined in dictionaries, should be interpreted to be consistent with their contextual meaning in the relevant art, and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless explicitly defined in this document.

[0122] The above description is merely an illustrative description of the technical idea disclosed in this document, and those skilled in the art to which the embodiments disclosed in this document pertain may make various modifications and variations without departing from the essential characteristics of the embodiments disclosed in this document. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in this document are not intended to limit the technical idea of ​​the embodiments disclosed in this document, but to explain it, and the scope of the technical idea disclosed in this document is not limited by these embodiments. The protection scope of the technical idea disclosed in this document should be interpreted by the claims below, and all technical ideas within a scope equivalent thereto should be interpreted as being included in the scope of rights of this document.

Claims

1. A controller comprising one or more processors, and one or more computer-readable media storing computing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations; The above operations include: receiving a plurality of rest voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells during a rest period after charging or discharging of the plurality of battery cells is completed; An operation of calculating a plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a representative value of the plurality of resting voltages and a difference between each of the plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells, An operation of calculating the change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells, and A battery management device comprising an operation of diagnosing the state of at least one battery cell based on a change rate over time of at least one of the plurality of battery cells.

2. In paragraph 1, The above computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: An operation of calculating the average and standard deviation of the change rates of the plurality of battery cells, and A battery management device that performs an operation of diagnosing whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the average and the standard deviation.

3. In paragraph 2, The above computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: An operation of calculating a standard score for at least one of the plurality of battery cells based on the average and the standard deviation, and A battery management device that performs an operation of diagnosing at least one battery cell as a low voltage cell when the standard score of at least one battery cell is lower than a lower threshold value.

4. In paragraph 1, The above computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: An operation of calculating a plurality of second deviations based on a representative value of the plurality of voltage deviations and a difference between each of the plurality of voltage deviations, and A battery management device that performs an operation of diagnosing whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of second deviations.

5. In paragraph 4, The above computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: An operation of setting a normal range of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of second deviations and the plurality of time change rates, and A battery management device that performs an operation of diagnosing a battery cell having a second deviation or change rate outside the above normal range as a low voltage cell.

6. In paragraph 1, The above computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: An operation of calculating the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a median of the plurality of rest voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells, and A battery management device that performs an operation of estimating the slopes of each of the plurality of change rates for each of the plurality of battery cells through linear regression analysis.

7. In paragraph 1, The above computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: Perform an operation of receiving the above multiple idle voltages, The above plurality of resting voltages are collected during a first time period after a full charging time has elapsed from the charging end point of the plurality of battery cells, and / or A battery management device, wherein the plurality of resting voltages are collected during a second time period from the end point of discharge of the plurality of battery cells.

8. In paragraph 1, The above computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: A battery management device that performs an operation of calculating the change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells through regression analysis.

9. In paragraph 1, The above computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: A battery management device that performs an operation of diagnosing the status of each of the plurality of battery cells based on the change rates of the plurality of battery cells over time.

10. In paragraph 1, A battery management device further comprising a sensor configured to collect the plurality of rest voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells during the rest period after charging or discharging of the plurality of battery cells is completed.

11. In paragraph 1, Further comprising an interface configured to communicate with a sensor to receive the plurality of rest voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells, A battery management device, wherein the sensor is configured to collect the plurality of rest voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells during the rest period after charging or discharging of the plurality of battery cells is completed.

12. In paragraph 1, The above computing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: An operation of diagnosing at least one of the plurality of battery cells as at least one of a low voltage cell and an abnormal cell, and A battery management device, which, in response to the above diagnosing operation, causes any of the following operations to be performed: i) transmitting a warning alarm to at least one of a user device and a display terminal with respect to at least one diagnosed cell, ii) performing an opening or power-off operation for at least one diagnosed cell, iii) electrically grounding at least one diagnosed cell, iv) limiting or changing at least one of a performance, an output, and an operating mode of an electronic device using at least one diagnosed cell, and v) transmitting information about at least one diagnosed cell to an external server.

13. A battery management method implemented through the execution of computing instructions configured to operate on one or more processors, A step of receiving a plurality of rest voltages collected for each of the plurality of battery cells during a rest period after charging or discharging of the plurality of battery cells is completed; A step of calculating a plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a representative value of the plurality of resting voltages and a difference between each of the plurality of resting voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells; A step of calculating the change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells; and A battery management method, comprising a step of diagnosing a state of at least one battery cell based on a change rate of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells.

14. In paragraph 13, The step of diagnosing the status of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells comprises: A step of calculating the average and standard deviation of the change rates of the plurality of battery cells; and A battery management method, comprising a step of diagnosing whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the average and the standard deviation.

15. In paragraph 14, The step of diagnosing the status of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells comprises: A step of calculating a standard score of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells based on the average and the standard deviation; and A battery management method, comprising the step of diagnosing at least one battery cell as the low voltage cell when the standard score of the at least one battery cell is lower than a lower threshold value.

16. In paragraph 13, The step of diagnosing the status of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells comprises: A step of calculating a plurality of second deviations based on the representative value of the plurality of voltage deviations and the difference between each of the plurality of voltage deviations; and A battery management method, comprising a step of diagnosing whether a low-voltage cell exists among the plurality of battery cells based on the change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations and the plurality of second deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells.

17. In paragraph 16, The step of diagnosing the status of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells comprises: A step of setting a normal range of the plurality of battery cells based on the plurality of second deviations and the plurality of time change rates; and A battery management method comprising a step of diagnosing a battery cell having a second deviation or change rate outside the normal range as the low voltage cell.

18. In paragraph 13, The step of calculating the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells includes the step of calculating the plurality of voltage deviations for each of the plurality of battery cells based on a median of the plurality of resting voltages, A battery management device, wherein the step of calculating the plurality of change rates of the plurality of voltage deviations includes the step of estimating slopes for each of the plurality of change rates for each of the plurality of battery cells through linear regression analysis.

19. In paragraph 13, The step of receiving the above plurality of idle voltages is: A step of receiving a plurality of rest voltages collected during a first time period after a full charging time has elapsed from the charging end point of the plurality of battery cells; and A battery management method comprising the step of receiving a plurality of rest voltages collected during a second time period from the end point of discharge of the plurality of battery cells.

20. In a battery management system including a battery management device according to paragraph 1, A battery management system comprising a charger / discharger configured to charge or discharge a plurality of battery cells.

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