METHODS FOR SUPPORTING LOW BEAM AND CSI REPORTING

Abstract

The invention proposes systems, methods, and devices to support low-power beam reporting and CSI. A wireless transceiver unit (WTRU) is proposed, comprising a low-power radio (LR) block and a master radio (MR) block. The WTRU receives configuration to receive low-power wake-up signals (LP-WUS), an indicator of the Transmission Configuration Index (TCI) set state, and a TCI set ID threshold. The WTRU determines the TCI set state based on measurements of one or more reference signals (RS). The WTRU determines the difference between the determined TCI set state and the indicated TCI set state. The WTRU compares the difference to the TCI set ID difference threshold. If the determined TCI set state is the same and / or similar, the WTRU transmits an indicator via the LR. If the determined TCI set state is different, the WTRU activates the MR and transmits the MR beam report.

Description

METHODS OF SUPPORTING LOW BEAM AND CSI REPORTCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 545,965, filed October 27, 2023 the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND

[0002] In fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems, various energy saving techniques are used to reduce power consumption of one or more user equipment (UEs). In one such energy saving technique, a low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) is used. The use of the LP WUS may reduce power consumption of a UE. This may be achieved by using a low power receiver in the UE to monitor the LP-WUS. However, in conventional UEs, the use of the low power receiver is limited to monitoring or receiving the LP-WUS. As a result, power is consumed in other processes that require using a main radio instead of the low power receiver. Therefore, there is a need for a technique that provides beam reporting while monitoring the LP-WUS.SUMMARY

[0003] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) is provided. The WTRU includes a memory, at least one transceiver, and a processor The at least one transceiver includes a low power radio (LR) and a main radio (MR). The at least one transceiver is configured to receive a configuration information indicative of a first sequence, a second sequence, a first uplink (UL) resource, a second UL resource, a low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) configuration, and at least one transmission configuration index (TCI) set identifier (ID) difference threshold. The at least one transceiver is further configured to receive a first TCI set ID associated with a first set of TCI states. The at least one transceiver and the processor are configured to measure one or more reference signals (RSs) based on the LP-WUS configuration. The processor is further configured to determine a second set of TCI states based on the measurement. The processor is further configured to determine a TCI set ID difference between the first TCI set ID and a second TCI set ID associated with the second set of TCI states On a condition that an absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is less than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold, the at least one transceiver and the processor are configured to transmit, using the LR, the second sequence using the first UL resource.

[0004] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) is provided. The method includes receiving a configuration information indicative of a first sequence, a second sequence, a first uplink (UL) resource, a second UL resource, a low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) configuration, and at least one transmission configuration index (TCI) set identifier (ID) difference threshold. The method further includes receiving a first TCI set ID associated with a first set of TCI states. The method further includes measuring one or more reference signals (RSs) based on the LP-WUSconfiguration. The method further includes determining a second set of TCI states based on the measurement. The method further includes determining a TCI set ID difference between the first TCI set ID and a second TCI set ID associated with the second set of TCI states. On a condition that an absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is less than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold, the method includes transmitting the second sequence using the first UL resource. On a condition that the first TCI set ID is same as the second TCI set ID, the method includes transmitting, using a low power radio (LR), the first sequence using the first UL resource. On a condition that the absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is greater than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold, the method includes activating a main radio (MR).

[0005] In an embodiment, on a condition that the first TCI set ID is same as the second TCI set ID, the WTRU transmits the first sequence using the first UL resource.

[0006] In an embodiment, on a condition that on a condition that the absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is greater than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold, the WTRU activates a main radio(MR).

[0007] In an embodiment, the WTRU generates an MR beam report.

[0008] In an embodiment, the WTRU transmits, using the MR, the MR beam report using the second UL resource.

[0009] In an embodiment, the MR beam report includes at least one of: a channel status information (CSI) RS Resource Indicator (CRI), a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) Block Resource indicator (SSBRI), a layer indicator (LI), or a layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP).

[0010] In an embodiment, measuring the one or more RS resources includes: determining a quality of the one or more RS resources based on at least one of: a reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the one or more RS resources, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) associated with the one or more RS resources, or a signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SINR) associated with the one or more RS resources.

[0011] In an embodiment, the one or more RS resources include one or more low power synchronization signals (LP-SSs).

[0012] In an embodiment, the WTRU receives one or more downlink channels using the first set of TCI states. The WTRU transmits one or more uplink channels using the first set of TCI states.

[0013] In an embodiment, the first sequence and the second sequence comprise one or more of: a Zadoff- Chu sequence, an M-sequence, or a Golay sequence.

[0014] In an embodiment, the LP-WUS configuration includes one or more of: an LP-WUS monitoring configuration, or an LP-WUS resource configuration.

[0015] In an embodiment, the at least one transceiver is further configured to: receive an indication of activation of the LP-WUS, or receive an indication of deactivation of the MR.

[0016] In an embodiment, the at least one transceiver is configured to receive a timer configuration. The processor is configured to initialize a timer based on the timer configuration. The at least one transceiver and the processor are further configured to, on a condition that an acknowledgement is received before expiry of the timer, monitor a LP-WUS. The at least one transceiver and the processor are further configured to, on a condition that the acknowledgement is not received before expiry of the timer, activate the MR and transmit, using the MR, an indication using the second UL resourceBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals in the figures indicate like elements, and wherein:

[0018] FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented;

[0019] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;

[0020] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;

[0021] FIG. 1D is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A according to an embodiment;

[0022] FIG. 2 is an example simplified receiver architecture illustrating a WTRU with a low power radio (LR) according to an embodiment;

[0023] FIG. 3 illustrates an example single bit in an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol according to one or more embodiments;

[0024] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of multiple-bits using frequency domain multiplexing in an OFDM symbol, according to one or more embodiments;

[0025] FIG. 5 illustrates an example multi-tone single-bit on off keying (OOK), according to one or more embodiments;

[0026] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of multiple-bits using time domain multiplexing in an OFDM symbol, according to one or more embodiments;

[0027] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart depicting an example process of transmitting one or more sequences based on a transmission configuration index (TCI) set ID difference according to one or more embodiments;

[0028] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart depicting an example process of transmitting one or more sequences based on a channel quality indicator (CQI) difference according to one or more embodiments; and

[0029] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart depicting an example process of transmitting an indication using a timer and / or a counter according to one or more embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] As discussed herein, one or more abbreviations in the following (non-exhaustive) list, shown in T able 1, may be used herein.Table 1

[0031] FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users.The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), singlecarrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word discrete Fourier transform Spread OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S- OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block-filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0032] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (ON) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though itwill be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a station (STA), may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0033] The communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a NodeB, an eNode B (eNB), a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a next generation NodeB, such as a gNode B (gNB), a new radio (NR) NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0034] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, and the like. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensedand unlicensed spectrum A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0035] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0036] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed Uplink (UL) Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0037] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0038] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access , which may establish the air interface 116 using NR.

[0039] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g , an eNB and a gNB).

[0040] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e , Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0041] The base station 114b in FIG 1A may be a wireless router, Home Node B, Home eNode B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g, for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g, WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106.

[0042] The RAN 104 may be in communication with the CN 106, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc, and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 and / or the CN 106 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104, which may be utilizing a NR radio technology, the CN 106 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0043] The CN 106 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or the other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and / or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT.

[0044] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1 A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellularbased radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0045] FIG. 1 B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1 B, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0046] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. 1 B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0047] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0048] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. 1 B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0049] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11 , for example.

[0050] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit) The processor 118 may also output user datato the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0051] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li- ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0052] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment

[0053] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a Virtual Reality and / or Augmented Reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors. The sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, a humidity sensor and the like.

[0054] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e g., associated with particular subframes for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and DL (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In anembodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the UL (e g., for transmission) or the DL (e g., for reception)).

[0055] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the ON 106.

[0056] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0057] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0058] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0059] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA

[0060] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter-eNode B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0061] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0062] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0063] Although the WTRU is described in FIGS. 1A-1 D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0064] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0065] A WLAN in Infrastructure Basic Service Set (BSS) mode may have an Access Point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a Distribution System (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic in to and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA The traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. The peer-to- peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802.11e DLS or an 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g., all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an “ad-hoc” mode of communication.

[0066] When using the 802.11 ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operations, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, the STAs (e.g., every STA), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0067] High Throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadjacent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0068] Very High Throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels The 40 MHz, and / or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two noncontiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing, may be done on each stream separately The streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0069] Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11 af and 802.11 ah. The channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.11 af and 802.11ah relative to those used in 802.11n, and 802.11ac. 802.11 af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11 ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11 ah may support Meter Type Control / Machine- Type Communications (MTC), such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g. , only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths The MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0070] WLAN systems, which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802 11 n, 802.11ac, 802.11 af, and 802.11 ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.11 ah, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode, even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode) transmitting to the AP, all available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the available frequency bands remains idle.

[0071] In the United States, the available frequency bands, which may be used by 802.11 ah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, theavailable frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11 ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0072] FIG. 1 D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the GN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0073] The RAN 104 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0074] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing a varying number of OFDM symbols and / or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).

[0075] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non- standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0076] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, DC, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards User Plane Function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 182a, 182b and the like. As shown in FIG. 1D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.

[0077] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0078] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b in order to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and the like The AMF 182a, 182b may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0079] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 106 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 106 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing DL data notifications, and the like. A PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0080] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering DL packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0081] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local DN 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0082] In view of FIGs. 1A-1 D, and the corresponding description of FIGs. 1A-1 D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to one or more of: WTRU 102a-d, Base Station 114a-b, eNode-B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b, and / or any other device(s) described herein, may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0083] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and / or performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0084] The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0085] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides one or more methods of beam reporting and / or channel state information (CSI) reporting for low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) by a WTRU and a confirmation (e.g., an acknowledgement) of a WTRU reporting via a low power transmitter The present disclosure provides a WTRU beam reporting using the low power transmitter based on an indicated transmission configuration index (TCI) state and a corresponding indicated TCI state set. If a determined TCI state set is same or similar as an indicated TCI state set, the WTRU indicates a result via the low power transmitter. If the determined TCI state set is different, the WTRU activates a main radio (MR) and reports anMR beam reporting. In an embodiment, the present disclosure also provides one or more methods for WTRU CSI reporting using the low power transmitter based on a latest MR CSI reporting. If a determined CSI parameter (e.g., channel quality indicator (CQI)) is same or similar, the WTRU indicates the result via the low power transmitter. If the determined CSI parameter is different, the WTRU activates the MR and reports the MR CSI reporting. In an embodiment, the present disclosure also provides one or more methods for reception of the confirmation (e.g., the acknowledgement) of the WTRU reporting via the low power transmitter. If the WTRU does not receive the confirmation before expiration of a timer and / or a counter, the WTRU activates the MR and indicates the MR reporting.

[0086] FIG. 2 is an example simplified receiver architecture illustrating a WTRU with a low power radio (LR) according to an embodiment. The WTRU may include a first antenna 210 coupled to a LR 212, a second antenna 220 coupled to a MR 222, a baseband processor 230, and an application processor 240. In an example, the LR 212 may be a low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR). The LP-WUS monitoring has a potential to reduce power consumption of the WTRU and other small battery powered devices This may be achieved by using a separate ultra-low power consumption receiver (e.g. the LR 212) which may monitor one or more wake-up signals (WUSs) and trigger the MR 222 dedicated for data and / or control signal transmission and / or reception as shown in FIG. 2.

[0087] In an example, the WTRU may include a radio that may be configured to function as both, the LR 212 and the MR 222. In that, the radio may operate in a low power consumption mode while functioning as the LR 212. The radio may be connected to the first and second antennas 210 and 220. In an example, the radio may be connected to a single antenna configured to transmit and / or receive signals (e.g., synchronization signal (SS) etc.) and / or low power signals (e.g., the LP-WUS) in one or more power consumption modes.

[0088] In TR38.869, multiple performance benefits of the LP-WUS are identified not only for an idle mode and / or an inactive mode but also for a connected mode. For the idle mode and / or the inactive mode, a support for a radio resource management (RRM) measurement by the LP-WUR is highlighted for achieving a power saving gain In contrast to the idle mode and / or the inactive mode, in a support of the CSI and / or beam reporting for the connected mode, it is assumed that the MR supports the operation. However, an activation of the MR for the CSI and / or beam reporting in the connected mode significantly reduces the power saving gain due to the MR activation. The present disclosure provides techniques for the WTRU to support CSI and / or beam reporting when the LP-WUR is activated and / or the MR is deactivated

[0089] In an embodiment, a method for supporting the beam reporting by the low power transmitter is provided. The WTRU receives a configuration information indicative of: one or more reference signal (RS) resources (e.g., low power synchronization signal (LP-SS) etc.), a threshold for TCI set ID difference, one or more sets of TCI states wherein each TCI state is configured with a TCI state set ID, a first uplink (UL) resource, a second UL resource, a first sequence associated with a current set of TCI states (e.g., a set of TCI states associated with a currently indicated TCI state) with a first TCI state set ID, and / or a second sequence associated with other sets of TCI states (each with respective TCI state set ID). The WTRU receives anindication of a TCI state for one or more DL channels (e.g., reception of physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and / or physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) etc.). The WTRU receives an indication of activation of the LP-WUS and / or deactivation of the MR.

[0090] The WTRU measures the one or more RSs and determines a TCI state (e.g., a best quality TCI state, also referred to as the best TCI state) based on the measurement. If the determined TCI state (e.g. the best TCI state) is in the same set of TCI states with the indicated TCI state, the WTRU transmits the first sequence in the first UL resource (e g., a newly measured beam is a similar beam as a currently indicated beam).

[0091] If the determined TCI state is not in the same set of TCI states with the indicated TCI state and an absolute value of a difference between a set ID of the determined TCI state and a set ID of the indicated TCI state is less than the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e., the set ID of the determined TCI state - the set ID of the indicated TCI state < the TCI set ID difference threshold), the WTRU transmits the second sequence in the first UL resource (e.g., the newly measured beam is a different beam than the currently indicated beam, but the difference is not significant).

[0092] If the determined TCI state is not in the same set of TCI states as the indicated TCI state and the absolute value of the difference between the set ID of the determined TCI state and the set ID of the indicated TCI state is greater than the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e. the set ID of the determined TCI state - the set ID of the indicated TCI state > the TCI set ID difference threshold), the WTRU activates the MR and transmits an MR beam reporting (e g., one or more measurements with the CRIs and / or synchronization signal block (SSB) resource indicators (SSBRIs) and / or corresponding layer 1 reference signal received power (L1- RSRPs) etc.) in the second UL resource (e.g., newly measured beam is a significantly different beam than the currently indicated beam)

[0093] In an example, if the determined TCI state set is set #1 , then the WTRU needs to activate the MR. If the determined TCI state set is set #2, then the WTRU transmits the second sequence. If the determined TCI state set is set #3, i.e., same as the currently indicated TCI state set (i.e. a currently activated TCI state set), the WTRU transmits the first sequence. If the determined TCI state set is set #4, the WTRU transmits the second sequence. If the determined TCI state set is set #5, the WTRU needs to activate the MR.

[0094] In an embodiment, a method for supporting the CSI reporting by the low power transmitter is provided. The WTRU receives the configuration information indicative of: the one or more RS resources (e.g., the LP-SS), a first threshold for a CQI difference, a second threshold for the CQI difference, the first UL resource, the second UL resource, the first sequence associated with the first threshold, and / or the second sequence associated with the second threshold. The WTRU indicates the CSI report with the CQI. The WTRU receives an indication of an activation for the LP-WUS and / or deactivation for the MR. The WTRU measures the one or more RSs and determines the CSI including the CQI based on the measurement.

[0095] If an absolute value of a difference between the determined CQI and the reported CQI (e.g., based on use of the MR) is less than the first threshold for the CQI difference (i.e. the determined CQI - the reported CQI < the first threshold), the WTRU transmits the first sequence in the first UL resource

[0096] If the absolute value of the difference between the determined CQI and the reported CQI (e.g., based on use of the MR) is less than the second threshold for the CQI difference, e.g , the CQI difference is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, (i.e. the determined CQI - the reported CQI < the second threshold), the WTRU transmits the second sequence in the first UL resource.

[0097] If the absolute value of the difference between the determined CQI and the reported CQI (e.g., based on use of the MR) is greater than the second threshold for the CQI difference (i.e. the determined CQI - the reported CQI > the second threshold), the WTRU activates the MR and transmits the MR CSI report in the second UL resource.

[0098] In an embodiment, a method for the confirmation (e.g., the acknowledgement) of a WTRU report via the LP-WUS is provided. The WTRU receives the configuration information indicative of the one or more RS resources (e.g., the LP-SS), the first UL resource, the second UL resource, the timer and / or the counter and one or more DL resources for the LP-WUS. The WTRU receives the indication of the activation of the LP-WUS and / or deactivation of the MR. The WTRU measures the one or more RSs and determines the CSI and / or beam information for an LP report. The WTRU transmits and / or reports the CSI and / or beam information in the first UL resource via the LP transmitter. The WTRU starts the timer and / or the counter for the first report (e.g., after activation of the LP-WUS). The WTRU monitors the one or more DL resources for the LP-WUS for the WTRU reporting confirmation (e.g., the acknowledgement) until the expiration of the timer and / or the counter.

[0099] If the WTRU receives the confirmation via the LP-WUS reception before the expiration of the timer and / or the counter, the WTRU continues monitoring of the LP-WUS and the WTRU reporting for beam and / or CSI via the LP transmitter.

[0100] The WTRU resets the timer and / or the counter after receiving the confirmation.

[0101] If the WTRU does not receive the confirmation after expiration of the timer and / or the counter via the LP-WUS, the WTRU activates the MR and indicates the MR reporting in the second UL resource.

[0102] In an example, the WTRU may transmit and / or receive one or more physical channels and / or one or more reference signals according to at least one spatial domain filter. The term “beam” may be used to refer to one or more spatial domain filters. The WTRU may transmit the one or more physical channels and / or the one or more reference signals using the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for receiving the one or more RS (such as channel state information - reference signal (CSI-RS), for example) and / or a SS blocks. The WTRU transmission may be referred to as “target”, and the received RS and / or SS blocks may be referred to as “reference” and / or “source”. In such case, the WTRU may transmit the target physical channel and / or the target reference signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to the RS and / or SS blocks. The WTRU may transmit a first physical channel and / or a first signal according to the same spatial domain filteras the spatial domain filter used for transmitting a second physical channel and / or a second signal The first and second transmissions may be referred to as “target” and “reference” (and / or “source”, for example), respectively. In this case, the WTRU may transmit the first (e.g. the target) physical channel and / or the first signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to the second (e.g. the reference) physical channel and / or the second signal. The spatial relation may be implicit, configured by a radio resource control (RRC) and / or signaled by a medium access control - control element (MAC CE) and / or downlink control information (DCI). In an example, the WTRU may implicitly transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) of the PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as a sounding reference signal (SRS) indicated by an SRI, indicated in the DCI, and / or configured by the RRC. In another example, a spatial relation may be configured by the RRC for a SRS resource indicator (SRI) and / or signaled by the MAC CE for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). Such spatial relation may also be referred to as a “beam indication”. The WTRU may receive the first (e g. the target) downlink channel and / or the first signal according to the same spatial domain filter and / or spatial reception parameter as the second (e.g. the reference) downlink channel and / or the second signal. In an example, such association may exist between the physical channel such as the PDCCH and / or the PDSCH and its respective DM-RS. In an example, at least when the first signal and / or the second signal is a reference signal, such association may exist when the WTRU is configured with a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption type D between one or more corresponding antenna ports. In an example, such association may be configured as a TCI state The WTRU may be indicated an association between the CSI-RS and / or SS block and the DM-RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by the RRC and / or signaled by MAC CE. Such indication may also be referred to as a “beam indication”.

[0103] Hereafter, a transmission and reception point (TRP) may be interchangeably used with one or more of transmission point (TP), reception point (RP), radio remote head (RRH), distributed antenna (DA), base station (BS), a sector of a BS, and / or a cell (e.g., a geographical cell area served by the BS), according to one or more embodiments. Hereafter, multi-TRP may be interchangeably used with one or more of MTRP, M-TRP, and multiple TRPs, according to one or more embodiments.

[0104] The WTRU may report a subset of CSI components, where the CSI components may correspond to but are not limited to at least one of: a CRI, a SSBRI, an indication of a panel used for reception at the WTRU (such as but not limited to a panel identity and / or group identity), measurements such as but not limited to L1- RSRP, layer 1 signal to interference plus noise ratio (L1-SINR) taken from the SSB and / or the CSI-RS (e.g. cri- RSRP, cri-SINR, ssb-lndex-RSRP, and / or ssb-lndex-SINR etc ), and / or other channel state information such as but not limited to rank indicator (Rl), channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (P I), and / or layer index (LI) etc.

[0105] The WTRU may receive a synchronization signal and / or physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block. The SS / PBCH block (i e. the SSB) may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and / or physical broadcast channel (PBCH) etc. The WTRU may monitor, receive,and / or attempt to decode the SSB during an initial access, an initial synchronization, a radio link monitoring (RLM), a cell search, and / or a cell switching etc.

[0106] The WTRU may measure and / or report the CSI, wherein the CSI for each connection mode may include and / or be configured with one or more parameters. In an example, the CSI may include and / or be configured with a CSI report configuration, including but not limited to one or more of: a CSI report quantity, e.g., CQI, Rl, PMI, CRI, and / or LI, etc.; a CSI report type, e.g., aperiodic, semi-persistent, and / or periodic etc.; a CSI report codebook configuration, e.g., Type I, Type II, and / or Type II port selection, etc.; and / or a CSI report frequency etc.

[0107] In an example, the CSI may include and / or be configured with the CSI-RS resource set, including one or more of the CSI resource settings such as but not limited to a non-zero-power (NZP) CSI-RS resource for channel measurement; a NZP-CSI-RS resource for interference measurement; and / or a CSI-IM resource for interference measurement etc.

[0108] In an example, the CSI may include and / or be configured with the NZP CSI-RS resources, including one or more of: a NZP CSI-RS Resource ID; a periodicity and / or an offset; a QCL information and / or a TCI- state etc.; and / or resource mapping, e.g., number of ports, density, CDM type, etc.

[0109] The WTRU may indicate, determine, and / or be configured with one or more reference signals. The WTRU may monitor, receive, and / or measure one or more parameters based on the respective reference signals.

[0110] In an example, a SS reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) may be measured based on one or more synchronization signals (e.g , the DMRS in the PBCH and / or the SSS etc ). The SS-RSRP may be defined as a linear average over a power contribution of one or more resource elements (REs) that carry the one or more respective synchronization signals. In measuring the RSRP, a power scaling for the one or more reference signals may be required. In case the SS-RSRP is used for the L1-RSRP, the measurement may be accomplished based on one or more CSI reference signals in addition to the one or more synchronization signals.

[0111] In an example, a CSI reference signal received power (CSI-RSRP) may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the one or more REs that carry the respective CSI-RS. The CSI- RSRP measurement may be configured within one or more measurement resources for the configured CSI- RS occasions.

[0112] In an example, a SS signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SS-SINR) may be measured based on the one or more synchronization signals (e.g., the DMRS in the PBCH and / or the SSS etc.). The SS-SINR may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the one or more REs that carry the respective synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution. In case the SS-SINR is used for the L1-SINR, the noise and interference power measurement may be accomplished based on one or more resources configured by one or more higher layers.

[0113] In an example, a CSI-SINR may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the one or more REs that carry the respective CSI-RS divided by the linear average of the noise and / or interference power contribution. In an example, in case the CSI-SINR is used for the L1-SINR, the noise and / or interference power measurement may be accomplished based on the one or more resources configured by the one or more higher layers. In another example, the noise and / or interference power may be measured based on the one or more resources that carry the respective CSI-RS.

[0114] In an example, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) may be measured based on an average of a total power contribution in one or more configured OFDM symbols and the bandwidth. The power contribution may be received from different resources (e.g., co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, and / or thermal noise etc.)

[0115] In an example, a cross-layer interference received signal strength indicator (CLI-RSSI) may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in the one or more configured OFDM symbols of the configured time and / or frequency resources. The power contribution may be received from different resources (e.g., cross-layer interference, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, and / or thermal noise etc.)

[0116] In an example, a sounding reference signals RSRP (SRS-RSRP) may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the one or more REs that carry the respective SRS.

[0117] In an example, a secondary synchronization signal reference signal received quality (SS-RSRQ) may be measured based on one or more measurements on the SS-RSRP and / or the RSSI etc. In an example, the SS-RSRQ may be determined as a ratio of NxSS-RSRP / NR carrier RSSI, where N may be determined based on a number of resource blocks that are in corresponding NR carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. In an example, the one or more measurements to be used in numerator (i.e. NxSS-RSRP) and / or denominator (NR carrier RSSI) may be over the same set of resource blocks.

[0118] In an example, a CSI reference signal received quality (CSI-RSRQ) may be measured based on one or more measurements on the CSI-RSRP and / or the RSSI In an example, the SS-RSRQ may be determined as the ratio of NxQSI-RSRP / CSI-RSSI, where N may be determined based on the number of resource blocks that are in the corresponding CSI-RSSI measurement bandwidth. In an example, the measurements to be used in the numerator (NxCSI-RSRP) and / or denominator (CSI-RSSI) may be over the same set of resource blocks.

[0119] In an example, a CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfigs) may be associated with a single BWP (e.g., indicated by BWP-ld), wherein one or more of the following parameters may be configured: one or more CSI-RS resources and / or CSI-RS resource sets for channel and / or interference measurement; a CSI-RS report configuration type including periodic, semi-persistent, and / or aperiodic; a CSI-RS transmission periodicity for one or more periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI reports; a CSI-RS transmission slot offset for periodic, semi-persistent and / or aperiodic CSI reports etc.; a CSI-RS transmission slot offset list for one ormore semi-persistent and / or aperiodic CSI reports; one or more time restrictions for channel and / or interference measurements; a report frequency band configuration (e.g. a wideband CQI and / or a sub-band CQI, and or the PM I etc.); one or more thresholds and / or modes of one or more calculations for one or more reporting quantities (e.g. the CQI, the RSRP, the SINR, the LI, and / or the Rl etc.); a codebook configuration; a group- based beam reporting, a CQI table; a sub-band size, a non-PMI port indication, and / or a port index etc

[0120] In an example, a CSI-RS resource set (e.g., a NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet) may include the one or more CSI-RS resources (e.g., a NZP-CSI-RS-Resource and / or a CSI-ResourceConfig etc ), wherein the WTRU may be configured with one or more of the following in a CSI-RS resource: a CSI-RS periodicity and a slot offset for one or more periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI-RS resources; a CSI-RS resource mapping to define a number of CSI-RS ports, a density, a CDM-type, an OFDM symbol, and / or a subcarrier occupancy etc.; a bandwidth part to which the configured CSI-RS is allocated; a reference to the TCI state including one or more QCL source RSs and one or more corresponding QCL types.

[0121] In an example, one or more configurations may be used for a RS resource set. In that, for example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more RS resource sets. The one or more RS resource set configurations may include one or more of: a RS resource set ID; the one or more RS resources for the RS resource set; a repetition (i.e, on or off); an aperiodic triggering offset (e.g., one of 0-6 slots); and / or TRS information (e.g., true or not) etc

[0122] In an example, one or more configurations may be used for a RS resource. In that, for example, the WTRU may be configured with the one or more RS resources. The one or more RS resource configurations may include one or more of following: a RS resource ID; a resource mapping (e g., the one or more REs in the PRB); a power control offset (e.g., one value of -8, ... , 15); a power control offset with SS (e.g., -3 dB, 0 dB, 3 dB, 6 Db); a scrambling ID; the periodicity and / or the offset; and / or the QCL information (e.g , based on the TCI state) etc.

[0123] In an embodiment, a grant and / or an assignment may have one or more properties such as but not limited to: a frequency allocation; an aspect of time allocation, such as but not limited to a duration; a priority; a modulation and coding scheme; a transport block size; a number of spatial layers; a number of transport blocks; the TCI state, the CRI and / or the SRI; a number of repetitions; whether the repetition scheme is Type A or Type B; whether the grant is a configured grant type 1 , type 2 or a dynamic grant; whether the assignment is a dynamic assignment or a semi-persistent scheduling (configured) assignment; a configured grant index and / or a semi-persistent assignment index; a periodicity of a configured grant and / or assignment; a channel access priority class (CAPC); any parameter provided in the DCI, by the MAC and / or by the RRC for scheduling the grant and / or assignment etc.

[0124] In an example, an indication by the DCI may include information such as but not limited to an explicit indication by a DCI field and / or by a RNTI used to mask and / or scramble the CRC of the DCI. In an example, the indication may include an implicit indication by one or more properties such as but not limited to a DCIformat, a DCI size, a coreset and / or a search space, an aggregation level, a first resource element of the received DCI (e.g. , an index of a first control channel element), where the mapping between a property and a value may be signaled by the RRC and / or the MAC. Receiving and / or monitoring for the DCI with and / or using the RNTI may mean that the CRC of the DCI is masked and / or scrambled with the RNTI.

[0125] In one or more embodiments, a signal may be interchangeably used with one or more of following: the SRS, the CSI-RS, the DM-RS, a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS); and / or SSB etc.

[0126] In one or more embodiments, a channel may be interchangeably used with one or more of following: the PDCCH, the PDSCH, the PUCCH, PUSCH, and / or a physical random access channel (PRACH) etc.

[0127] Hereafter, a signal, a channel, and / or a message (e.g., as in the DL signal and / or the UL signal, the channel, and / or the message etc.) may be used interchangeably, in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Hereafter, the RS may be interchangeably used with the one or more RS resources, one or more RS resource sets, one or more RS ports and / or one or more RS port groups etc., in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Hereafter, the RS may be interchangeably used with one or more of the SSB, the CSI-RS, the SRS, and / or the DM-RS, the TRS, the PRS, and / or the PTRS, in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Hereafter, a time instance, a slot, a symbol, and / or a subframe may be used interchangeably, in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Hereafter, the terms the SSB, the SS / PBCH block, the PSS, the SSS, the PBCH, and / or the MIB may be used interchangeably, in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure Hereafter, one or more solutions for beam resources prediction may be used for one or more beam resources belonging to a single and / or multiple cells as well as single and / or multiple TRPs, in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Hereafter, the CSI reporting may be interchangeably used with the CSI measurement, the beam reporting and / or the beam measurement etc., in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Hereafter, the RS resource set may be interchangeably used with a beam group, in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0128] FIG. 3 illustrates an example single bit in an OFDM symbol according to one or more embodiments. In an example, multiple waveforms may be used for generation of the LP-WUS where k may be size of iFFT of CP-OFDMA, N may be number of SCs used by the LP-WUS including one or more potential guard-bands. Examples of the waveforms include but are not limited to on-off keying (OOK), including a first option, i.e. OOK- 1 (e.g. wideband transmission), such as a single-bit in one OFDM symbol. The one or more SCs of the LP- WUS may be OOK=1, for example, all SCs are modulated and / or OOK=0 may, for example, all SCs are zero power (from a base-band point of view).

[0129] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of multiple-bits using the frequency domain multiplexing in the OFDM symbol, according to one or more embodiments. In an example, a second option, OOK-2 may include parallel M-bit OOK in the frequency domain. The N SCs of LP-WUS may be further separated into M segments (M=2 in FIG. 4) possibly with guard-bands in-between and / or around. The OOK=1 may mean all SCs in segment are modulated. The OOK=0 may mean all SCs in segment are zero power (from the base-band point of view).

[0130] FIG. 5 illustrates an example multi-tone single-bit OOK, according to one or more embodiments. In an example, a third option, OOK-3 may include multi-tone single-bit OOK. In an example, the N SCs of the LP- WUS may be separated into L segments (L=2 in FIG. 4) without guard-bands in between segments, but possibly around. In the OOK=1 , the sub-carrier (known by the WTRU) of each segment is modulated, rest of the SC may be zero power (from the base-band point of view). The OOK=0 may mean all SCs in all segments are zero power (from base-band point of view).

[0131] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of multiple-bits using the time domain multiplexing in the OFDM symbol, according to one or more embodiments. In an example, a fourth option, OOK-4 may include transforming M-bit OOK in the time domain. The N SCs of the OOK-1 may be generated by a transformation (e g. DFT and / or least square) 604. N’ samples may be generated from the M-bits. Signal modification 602 may or may not be used. Truncation and / or other additional modification 606 may or may not be used, if not used, N may be the same as N’ N’ may be the same as K.

[0132] In the FSK, in the first option, FSK-1, the N SCs of the LP-WUS may be separated to M pairs of one or more segments with potential guard-bands in-between and around. A segment may comprise one subcarrier and / or multiple contiguous SCs. In an example, in a pair of segments, one segment may be modulated, other segment may be zero power (from the base-band point of view).

[0133] In a second option, FSK-2, the N SCs of the LP-WUS may be separated to 2AM segments with potential guard-bands in-between and around. Each segment may comprise one sub-carrier and / or multiple contiguous SCs. In an example, one segment from 2AM segments may be modulated, other segments of SCs may be zero power (from the base-band point of view).

[0134] In CP-OFDM (OFDMA), one or more OFDM based modulated symbols and / or sequences (e.g., PSS and / or SSS sequences etc.) may be used for the CP-OFDM (OFDMA) based LP-WUS.

[0135] In an example, a hybrid waveform may be used for the LP-WUS generation. For example, a combination of the OOK and the OFDMA may be used by applying the OFDM sequence on the top of the OOK modulation. In an example, a combination of the OOK and the FSK may be used.

[0136] In an embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with one or more LP-WUS monitoring configurations. In an example, a monitoring type (e.g., continuous and / or duty cycled etc.), a monitoring window (e g. periodicity and / or offset etc.), a LP-WUS bandwidth, and / or a LP-SS configuration etc. may be configured. If the WTRU receives and / or detects one or more LP-WUSs, the WTRU may apply one or more of the procedures after receiving and / or detecting the one or more LP-WUSs.

[0137] In an example, for monitoring the PDCCH, the WTRU may wake up (e.g., activate the MR and / or deactivate the LR (e.g., the LP-WUR) and start monitoring of the PDCCH (e.g., for paging etc.).

[0138] In an example, the WTRU may perform application of the SI update In that, the WTRU may apply update of the SI based on the received LP-WUS. In an example, the WTRU may apply one or more indicatedsets of SI (e.g., by the LP-WUS) after receiving the one or more LP-WUSs. In another example, the WTRU may receive an updated SI (e.g., via the LP-WUSs and / or the PDSCHs after activating the MR).

[0139] In an example, the WTRU may perform application of paging related information update. In that, the WTRU may apply update of the paging related information based on the received LP-WUS. In an example, the WTRU may apply the one or more indicated sets of paging related information (e.g., by the LP-WUS) after receiving the one or more LP-WUSs. In another example, the WTRU may receive updated paging related information (e.g., via the one or more LP-WUSs and / or the PDSCHs after activating the MR).

[0140] If the WTRU does not receive and / or detect the one or more LP-WUSs, the WTRU may continue monitoring the LP-WUS based on the one or more LP-WUS monitoring configurations.

[0141] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive a configuration information indicative of one or more LP- WUS resources. In an example, a LP-WUS resource may be a set of configurations for reception of the LP- WUS. In an example, a configuration of the LP-WUS resource may include one or more of the following: one or more signal structures, one or more waveforms, one or more monitoring types, one or more frequency resources, and / or one or more time resources etc.

[0142] In an example, the WTRU may receive the configuration information indicative of the signal structure. In that, the WTRU may receive one or more of: support of energy harvesting sequences, preambles, and / or preamble lengths (if configured) etc.

[0143] In an example, the WTRU may receive the configuration information indicative of the waveform. In that, the WTRU may receive one or more of: OOK-1 , OOK-4, and / or OFDMA etc as one or more waveforms of the LP-WUS.

[0144] In an example, the WTRU may receive the configuration information indicative of the monitoring type. In that, the WTRU may receive one or more of: continuous monitoring and / or duty-cycled monitoring etc.

[0145] In an example, the WTRU may receive the configuration information indicative of the one or more frequency resources. In that, the WTRU may receive the configuration information based on one or more of: one or more RBs, one or more sub-bands, and / or one or more BWPs etc. to indicate the one or more frequency resources for receiving the LP-WUS.

[0146] In an example, the WTRU may receive the configuration information indicative of the one or more time resources. In that, the WTRU may receive the configuration information based on one or more of: the periodicity and / or one or more offsets and etc. The indication of the configuration may be based on the one or more OFDM symbols, us, and / or slots etc.

[0147] In an embodiment, a method for supporting the WTRU beam report by the LR (e.g., the LP-WUR) is provided by the present disclosure. In that, the WTRU may receive the one or more configurations of the one or more RS resources (e.g., the LP-SS etc.), at least one TCI set ID difference threshold, one or more sets of TCI states wherein each TCI set is configured with respective TCI state set ID, the first UL resource, the second UL resource, the first sequence associated with the current set of TCI states (e.g., the set of a currentlyindicated TCI state) with the first TCI state set ID and the second sequence associated with the other sets of TCI states (each with respective TCI state set ID).

[0148] The WTRU receives the indication of the TCI state for the one or more DL channels (e.g., reception of the PDSCH and / or the PDCCH). The WTRU receives the indication of activation for the LP-WUS and / or the deactivation for the MR. The WTRU measures the one or more RSs and determines the TCI state based on the measurement (e.g., the best quality TCI state).

[0149] If the determined TCI state is in the same setof TCI states as the indicated TCI state (i.e. an absolute value of the difference between the set ID associated with the determined TCI state and the set ID associated with the indicated TCI state is zero, i.e. the TCI set ID difference = 0), the WTRU transmits the first sequence in the first UL resource (e g., a newly measured beam is a similar to a currently indicated beam).

[0150] If the determined TCI state is not in the same set of TCI states as the indicated TCI state and the absolute value of the difference between the set ID associated with the determined TCI state and the set ID associated with the indicated TCI state is less than the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e. the set ID of the best TCI state - the set ID of the indicated TCI state < the TCI set ID difference threshold), the WTRU may transmit the second sequence in the first UL resource (e g., the newly measured beam is a different beam than the currently indicated beam, but the difference is not significant).

[0151] If the set ID associated with the determined TCI state is not in the same set of TCI states as the indicated TCI state and the absolute value of the difference between the set ID associated with the determined TCI state and the set ID associated with the indicated TCI state is greater than the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e. the set ID of the best TCI state - the set ID of the indicated TCI state > the TCI set ID difference threshold), the WTRU may activate the MR and transmit the MR beam reporting (e g., the one or more measurements with CRIs and / or SSBRIs and corresponding L1-RSRPs) in the second UL resource (e.g , the newly measured beam is a significantly different beam with the currently indicated beam).

[0152] Hereafter, a TCI state may be interchangeably used with a TCI state set, in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In a solution, the WTRU may receive the configuration information indicative of one or more of the following: the one or more RS resources (e g., the LP-SS), the one or more thresholds (e.g., the one or more thresholds for the TCI set ID difference and / or the one or more thresholds for the TCI state ID difference); the one or more sets of TCI states wherein each TCI state is configured with a TCI state ID and / or a TCI state set ID; one or more first UL resources; one or more second UL resources; and / or one or more sequence configurations etc. In an example, the WTRU may receive the configuration information indicative of the first sequence. The first sequence may be associated with the current set of TCI states (e.g., the set of the currently indicated TCI state) with a first TCI state set ID In an example, the WTRU may receive the configuration information indicative of the second sequence The second sequence may be associated with the other sets of TCI states (each with respective TCI state set ID). In an example, the one or more sequences may be based on one or more of Zadoff-Chu sequences, M-sequences, and / or Golay sequences etc.

[0153] In an embodiment, based on the configuration, the WTRU may receive the indication of the TCI state (and / or the SRI etc., for example) for the one or more DL channels The indication may be based on one or more of the RRC, the MAC CE and / or the DCI etc. In an example, the indication may indicate one or more activated TCI states (e.g., via the MAC CE) among the one or more configured sets of TCI states (e.g., via the RRC etc.). The indicated TCI state may be used for one or more of: reception of the PDSCH; reception of the PDCCH; reception of DL RS; transmission of the PUSCH; transmission of the PUCCH; and / or transmission of UL RS etc.

[0154] In an embodiment, based on the configuration, the WTRU may indicate the beam reporting with a beam ID associated with the determined beam (e.g. the best beam), for example, via the one or more CRIs and / or SSBRIs etc. The indication may be done in the one or more second UL resources. The indication may be based on one or more of the PUCCH, the PUSCH, the PRACH, and / or the UL RS etc.

[0155] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive the activation message indicative of activation of the LP- WUS from the gNB. The activation message may be based on one or more of: the RRC, the MAC CE and / or the DCI. If the DCI based activation message is supported, the DCI may be a WTRU-specific DCI (e.g., a part of the PDSCH scheduling and / or PUSCH scheduling etc.). In another example, the DCI may be a group specific DCI.

[0156] In an embodiment, the WTRU may determine activation and / or deactivation based on the WTRU measurement and / or the WTRU implementation. In an example, the WTRU may measure the one or more RSs (e g., the LP-SSs). Based on the measurement, the WTRU may determine a quality (e.g., the RSRP). Based on the determined quality, the WTRU may determine the activation and / or deactivation (e.g , measured quality is larger than or smaller than corresponding threshold). Instead of the measured quality, other metrics such as but not limited to WTRU traffic, time after recent transmission and / or reception etc. may be used.

[0157] In an embodiment, the WTRU may measure the one or more RSs (e.g., the one or more LP-SSs configured via the RRC), e.g., via the LR (e.g., the LP-WUR) after activation of the LP-WUS. The WTRU may determine the one or more RS resources (e.g., with best quality (e.g , one or more of the RSRP, the RSRQ and / or the SINR etc.)) among the one or more RS resources based on the measurement. Based on the determined quality, the WTRU may determine the one or more associated TCI states and / or the one or more associated TCI state sets with the determined one or more RS resources. The determination may be based on one or more of: the TCI state ID and / or the TCI state set ID etc

[0158] In an example, the WTRU may determine the TCI state ID based on the determined one or more RS resources In an example, the WTRU may identify associated TCI states which are configured with the one or more determined RS resources (e.g., for the QCL Type-D) respectively. Based on the identified TCI states, the WTRU may identify the TCI state IDs.

[0159] In an example, the WTRU may determine the TCI state set ID based on the determined one or more RS resources In an example, the WTRU may identify associated TCI states which are configured with the oneor more determined RS resources (e.g., for the QCL Type-D), respectively. Based on the identified TCI states, the WTRU may identify TCI state set IDs (e.g., based on the configured TCI state set ID).

[0160] In an embodiment, the WTRU may support the WTRU reporting based on the identified TCI state IDs and / or the TCI state set IDs.

[0161] In an embodiment, if the identified TCI state is in the same set of TCI states with the indicated TCI state (e.g., via the DCI and / or the MAC CE) and / or the reported (e.g., via the MR reporting in the second UL resource) TCI state, the WTRU may transmit the first sequence in the first UL resource (e.g., the newly measured beam is similar to the currently indicated beam).

[0162] In an embodiment, if the identified TCI state is not in the same set of TCI states with the indicated TCI state (e.g., via the DCI and / or the MAC CE) and / or the reported (e.g., via MR reporting in the second UL resource) TCI state, and absolute value of the difference between the TCI state ID and / or the TCI state set ID of the identified TCI state - the TCI state ID and / or the TCI state set ID of the indicated and / or reported TCI state < the threshold, the WTRU may transmit the second sequence in the first UL resource (e.g., the newly measured beam is different than the currently indicated beam, but the difference is not significant).

[0163] In an embodiment, if the identified TCI state is not in the same set of TCI states with the indicated TCI state (e.g., via the DCI and / or the MAC CE) and / or the reported (e.g., via the MR reporting in the second UL resource) TCI state and absolute value of the difference between the set ID of the identified TCI state - the TCI state ID and / or the TCI state set ID of the indicated and / or the reported TCI state > the threshold, the WTRU may activate the MR and transmit the MR beam reporting (e.g., indication of the determined one or more RS resources (e.g., the LP-SSs) with the one or more CRIs and / or the SSBRIs and / or corresponding L1- RSRPs) in the second UL resource (e.g., the newly measured beam is significantly different than the currently indicated beam)

[0164] A non-limiting example of a WTRU operation with the determined TCI state set is depicted in Table 2 as follows:Table 2

[0165] A non-limiting example of a WTRU indication with the determined TCI state set is depicted in Table 3 as follows, for WTRU indication type 1 :Table 3

[0166] A non-limiting example of a WTRU indication with the determined TCI state set is depicted in Table 4 as follows, for WTRU indication type 2:Table 4

[0167] A non-limiting example of a WTRU indication with the determined TCI state set is depicted in Table 5 as follows, for WTRU indication type 3Table 5

[0168] A non-limiting example of a WTRU indication with the determined TCI state set is depicted in Table 6 as follows, for WTRU indication type 4:Table 6

[0169] In an embodiment, the WTRU indication type may be based on the identified TCI state ID and / or TCI state set ID In an example, if the identified TCI state ID and / or the TCI state set ID > the first threshold, the WTRU may determine a first WTRU indication type (e.g., the WTRU indication type 3). If the identified TCI state ID and / or the TCI state set ID < the second threshold, the WTRU may determine a second WTRUindication type (e.g., the WTRU indication type 4) The first threshold and / or the second threshold may be identical.

[0170] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for a support of the CSI report by the low power transmitter is provided.

[0171] A WTRU receives the configuration information indicative of the one or more RS resources (e.g., the LP-SS), the first threshold for the CQI difference, the second threshold for the CQI difference, the first UL resource, the second UL resource, the first sequence associated with the first threshold, and / or the second sequence associated with the second threshold etc.

[0172] The WTRU indicates the CSI report with the CQI. The WTRU receives the indication of activation for the LP-WUS and / or deactivation for the MR. The WTRU measures the one or more RSs and determines the CSI including the CQI based on the measurement.

[0173] If the absolute value of the determined CQI - the reported CQI (e.g., based on use of the MR) < the first threshold, the WTRU transmits the first sequence in the first UL resource. If the absolute value of the determined CQI - the reported CQI (e.g., based on use of the MR) < the second threshold, the WTRU transmits the second sequence in the first UL resource (e g., the difference is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold). If the absolute value of the determined CQI - the reported CQI (e.g., based on use of the MR) > the second threshold, the WTRU activates the MR and transmits the MR CSI report in the second UL resource.

[0174] Hereafter, the CSI parameter may be interchangeably used with one or more of the CRI, the Rl, the PI, the PMI, the CQI, a doppler frequency, a doppler spread, a delay spread, and / or a WTRU mobility etc., in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0175] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive the configuration information indicative of one or more of: the one or more RS resources (e.g., the LP-SS), one or more thresholds (e.g., for one or more CSI parameters); one or more sets of CSI related configurations including CSI parameters for reporting; one or more first UL resources; one or more second UL resources; and / or one or more sequence configurations etc. In an example, the WTRU may receive the configuration information indicative of the first sequence. The first sequence may be associated with the first set of CSI parameters (e.g., the set of one or more latest CSI parameters). In an example, the WTRU may receive the configuration information indicative of the second sequence. The second sequence may be associated with other sets of CSI parameters (e.g., other sets of one or more CSI parameters). The one or more sequences may be based on one or more of Zadoff-Chu sequences, M-sequences, Golay sequences and etc.

[0176] In an embodiment, based on the configuration, the WTRU may indicate the one or more CSI parameters (e.g., via the CSI reporting). The indication may include one or more of the CRI, the Rl, the PI, the PMI, the CQI, the doppler frequency, the doppler spread, the delay spread, and / or the WTRU mobility etc., forexample. The indication may be done in the one or more second UL resources. The indication may be based on one or more of the PUCCH, the PUSCH, the PRACH, and / or the UL RS etc.

[0177] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive the activation message of the LP-WUS from the gNB. The activation message may be based on one or more of the RRC, the MAC CE and / or the DCI etc. If the DCI- based activation message is supported, the DCI may be a WTRU-specific DCI (e.g., a part of the PDSCH scheduling and / or the PUSCH scheduling). In another example, the DCI may be a group-specific DCI.

[0178] In an embodiment, the WTRU may determine the activation and / or deactivation based on the WTRU measurement and / or the WTRU implementation. In an example, the WTRU may measure the one or more RSs (e g., the LP-SSs). Based on the measurement, the WTRU may determine the quality (e.g., the RSRP). Based on the determined quality, the WTRU may determine the activation and / or deactivation (e.g , measured quality is larger than or smaller than the corresponding threshold). Instead of the measured quality, one or more other metrics (e.g., WTRU traffic, time after recent transmission and / or reception and etc.) may be used

[0179] In an embodiment, the WTRU may measure the one or more RSs (e.g., the LP-SSs configured via the RRC), for example, via the LR (e g., the LP-WUR) after activation of the LP-WUS). The WTRU may determine one or more CSI parameters (e.g., one or more of the CRI, the Rl, the PI, the PMI, the CQI, the doppler frequency, the doppler spread, the delay spread, the WTRU mobility and etc.) based on the measurement.

[0180] In an embodiment, the WTRU may support the WTRU reporting based on the measurement.

[0181] In an embodiment, if the absolute value of the determined CSI parameters - the reported CSI parameters (e.g., reported via the MR reporting and / or a latest reporting) < the first threshold, the WTRU may transmit the first sequence in the first UL resource.

[0182] In an embodiment, if the absolute value of the determined CSI parameters - the reported CSI parameters (e.g., reported via the MR reporting and / or the latest reporting) < the second threshold, the WTRU may transmit the second sequence in the first U L resource (e.g., the difference is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold).

[0183] In an embodiment, if the absolute value of the determined CSI parameters - the reported CSI parameters (e.g., reported via the MR reporting and / or the latest reporting) > the second threshold, the WTRU may activate the MR and transmit the MR CSI report (e.g., with one or more of the CRI, the Rl, the PI, the PMI, the CQI, the doppler frequency, the doppler spread, the delay spread, the WTRU mobility and etc.), for example, in the second UL resources.

[0184] A non-limiting example of a WTRU operation with the determined CSI parameters is depicted inTable 7 as follows:Table 7

[0185] For example, one or more of the following may be used for indication table for the WTRU reporting (e g., with the low power transmitter).

[0186] A non-limiting example of a WTRU indication with the determined CSI parameters is depicted in Table 8 as follows, for WTRU indication type 1 :Table 8

[0187] A non-limiting example of a WTRU indication with the determined CSI parameters is depicted in Table 9 as follows, for WTRU indication type 2:Table 9

[0188] A non-limiting example of a WTRU indication with the determined CSI parameters is depicted in Table 10 as follows, for WTRU indication type 3:Table 10

[0189] A non-limiting example of a WTRU indication with the determined CSI parameters is depicted in Table 11 as follows, for WTRU indication type 4:Table 11

[0190] In an embodiment, the WTRU indication type may be based on the determined CSI parameters. In an example, if the identified CSI parameters > the first threshold, the WTRU may determine the first WTRU indication type (e.g., the WTRU indication type 3). If the identified CSI parameters < the second threshold, the WTRU may determine the second WTRU indication type (e.g. the WTRU indication type 4). The first threshold and the second threshold may be identical.

[0191] In one or more embodiments, the method for confirmation of the WTRU report via the LP-WUS is provided. The WTRU monitoring the LP-WUS while the MR is in a power saving state (e.g., in a deep sleep state), may increase the power saving by reporting the CSI and / or the beam information via the LP transmitter, instead of activating the MR for the CSI and / or the beam information reporting In that, the WTRU may wake up the MR only when the LP transmitter is not capable of reporting the CSI and / or the beam information. To this end, the WTRU may use one or more procedures for monitoring and / or reporting the CSI and / or the beam information via the LP transmitter.

[0192] In an embodiment, the configuration for monitoring and / or reporting the CSI and / or the beam information via the LP transmitter is provided. In an example, the WTRU may receive the configuration information indicative of one or more of: the one or more RS resources (e.g., the LP-SS); the first UL resource; the second UL resource; the timer and / or the counter (e.g., the counter that counts the number of the LP-SS receptions), and / or the DL resources for the LP-WUS reception (e.g., one or more time-frequency resources, the periodicity of the LP-WUS if the LP-WUS is received periodically).

[0193] The WTRU may receive the indication (e.g., via one or more of the RRC signaling, the MAC-CE and / or the DCI) for activating the LP-WUS monitoring and / or deactivating the MR (e.g., placing the MR in the deep sleep state).

[0194] While the WTRU is monitoring the LP-WUS and the MR is deactivated, the WTRU may measure the one or more RSs (e.g., the LP-SS) and determine the CSI and / or the beam information and / or one or more beam measurements for reporting by using the LP transmitter. The CSI may include one or more of the CQI, the Rl, the PMI, the RSRP, etc., while the beam information may include index and / or indices (e.g., the resource indicator associated with the one or more RSs) of the one or more selected beams (e.g., a configured number of beams corresponding to the highest RSRP).

[0195] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the WTRU reporting CSI and / or beam information via the LP transmitter and / or a fallback reporting procedure is provided.

[0196] In an embodiment, the WTRU monitoring the LP-WUS may first transmit and / or report the measured and / or determined CSI and / or beam information in the first UL resource via the LP transmitter. The WTRU may start the timer and / or the counter for the first report. In an example, the WTRU may activate the timer and / or the counter after transmitting the CSI and / or beam report (e.g., the first CSI and / or beam report) (e.g., via the LP transmitter). In another example, the WTRU may start the timer and / or the counter after starting monitoring the LP-WUS. In another example, the WTRU may start the timer / and or the counter in a configured time instance (e g., configured via one or more of the RRC signaling, the MAC-CE indication and / or the DCI indication, and / or the SI etc.) after transmitting the CSI report and / or the beam information.

[0197] The WTRU may monitor the DL resources (e.g., for the LP-WUS) for the WTRU reporting confirmation (e.g., the acknowledgement) from the gNB and / or the core network (CN) until the expiration of the timer and / or the counter. In an example, the WTRU may compare the timer value and / or the counter value against preconfigured thresholds (e.g., preconfigured via one or more of: the RRC signaling, the MAC-CE indication, the DCI indication and / or the SI etc.)

[0198] If the WTRU receives the confirmation via the LP-WUS reception before expiration of the timer and / or the counter, the WTRU may reset the timer and / or the counter Upon the reception of the confirmation indication before the expiration of the timer and / or the counter, the WTRU may continue one or more of the following procedures: monitoring the LP-WUS (e.g., while the MR is in the sleep state), monitoring and / or measuring one or more configured RSs, reporting the CSI and / or the beam information (e.g., by using the LP transmitter)

[0199] If the WTRU receives configuration update for CSI and / or the beam information reporting via the LP-WUS in addition to the confirmation for the CSI and / or the beam information reporting, the WTRU may continue to report the CSI and / or the beam information (e.g., by using the LP transmitter), but with the updated configuration. The updated configuration may include one or more of: the indication for increasing and / or maintaining the transmit power for the LP transmitter, the indication for increasing and / or maintaining the counter and / or the timer thresholds, and / or the indication of the sets of CSI report configuration etc.

[0200] In the indication for increasing and / or maintaining the transmit power for the LP transmitter, for example, the WTRU may receive 1 -bit indication via the LP-WUS. If the 1-bit value 0 is received, the WTRU may not change the transmit power of the LP transmitter. If the 1-bit value 1 is received, the WTRU may increase the transmit power of LP transmitter by a preconfigured value (e.g., preconfigured via the RRC signaling, the MAC-CE indication, the DCI indication, and / or the SI etc.).

[0201] In the indication for increasing and / or maintaining the counter and / or the timer thresholds, for example, if the WTRU receives 1-bit indication 0, the WTRU may not change the thresholds of the timer and / or the counter. If the WTRU receives 1-bit value 1 , the WTRU may increase the timer and / or counter thresholdsby a preconfigured value (e.g., preconfigured via the RRC signaling, the MAC-CE indication, the DCI indication, and / or the SI etc.).

[0202] In the indication of the sets of CSI report configuration, for example, the WTRU may be configured with the one or more sets of CSI report configuration and each CSI report configuration may include one or more of: the CSI report configuration, the CSI-RS resource set configuration and / or the NZP CSI-RS resources (e g., for the low power measurement). Based on the indicated set, the WTRU may update the configuration for reporting the CSI (e g., via the LP transmitter).

[0203] If the WTRU does not receive the confirmation indication (e.g. the acknowledgement) for the CSI and / or the beam information reporting (e.g., via the LP-WUS), and / or the WTRU receives a negative acknowledgement (e.g., the gNB and / or the CN indicates that the CSI and / or the beam information was not successfully received in a configured UL resource), the WTRU may activate the MR and report the CSI and / or the beam information in the second UL resource (e.g., by using the MR transmitter).

[0204] After reporting the CSI and / or the beam in the second UL resource by using the MR transmitter, the WTRU may maintain the MR active for a preconfigured duration (e.g , a preconfigured duration via the RRC signaling, the MAC-CE indication, the DCI indication, and / or the SI) to receive the confirmation indication for the CSI and / or the beam information reporting by the MR transmitter. In an example, the WTRU may monitor a preconfigured resource (e.g., the PDCCH monitoring resource) for receiving the confirmation indication (e.g., 1 -bit confirmation indication via the DCI). In an example, if the WTRU receives the confirmation indication from the gNB and / or the CN, the WTRU may also receive updated resources and configuration for the CSI and / or the beam information reporting by using the LP transmitter and / or the LP-WUS monitoring. Subsequently, the WTRU may deactivate the MR after the MR activation duration and activate the LP-WUS monitoring. Subsequently, the WTRU may monitor the LP-WUS and / or perform the CSI and / or the beam reporting by using the LP transmitter with the updated configuration and / or resources.

[0205] If the WTRU fails to receive the confirmation indication from the gNB and / or the CN for the CSI and / or the beam reporting via the MR during the MR activation period, the WTRU may start monitoring the NR paging signals and / or the channels (e.g., the paging PDCCH and / or the paging earl indication etc.), and / or transmit the PRACH for initial access by using the MR.

[0206] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart depicting an example process 700 of transmitting one or more sequences based on the TCI set ID difference according to one or more embodiments. The process 700 may be performed by the WTRU comprising at least the LR (e.g., the LP-WUR) and the MR. At 702, the WTRU receives the configuration information indicative of one or more of: the first sequence, the second sequence, the first UL resource, the second UL resource, the LP-WUS configuration, and / or the TCI set ID difference threshold etc. The WTRU also receives the indication of the activation of the LP-WUS and / or the deactivation of the MR.

[0207] At 704, the WTRU receives the first TCI set ID (e.g the current TCI set ID) associated with a first set of TCI states (e.g. the current set of TCI states). In an example, the first set of TCI states i.e. the current set of TCI states may be indicative of the current beam (e.g. the currently indicated beam) that is transmitted and / or received by the WTRU.

[0208] At 706, the WTRU measures the one or more RSs based on the LP-WUS configuration. In an example, measuring the one or more RSs includes: determining a quality of the one or more RSs based on at least one of: the RSRP associated with the one or more RSs, the RSRQ associated with the one or more RSs, and / or the SIN R associated with the one or more RSs etc.

[0209] At 708, the WTRU determines a second TCI state (e.g. the best TCI state) based on the measurement. The WTRU also determines the second set of TCI states (e.g. the best TCI state set and corresponding TCI set ID etc.) associated with the second TCI state. In an example, the second set of TCI states i.e the best set of TCI states may be indicative of the new beam (e.g. the newly measured beam) that is determined by the WTRU based on the measurement of the one or more RS resources.

[0210] At 710, the WTRU determines the TCI set ID difference between the first set of TCI states and the second set of TCI states i.e., the TCI set ID difference = the set ID of the second set of TCI states (e.g. the determined TCI state and / or the best TCI state etc.) - the set ID of the first set of TCI states (e.g. the indicated TCI state).

[0211] At 712, the WTRU compares the TCI set ID difference with the TCI set ID difference threshold

[0212] If the TCI set ID difference is less than the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e., the set ID of the determined TCI state - the set ID of the indicated TCI state < the TCI set ID difference threshold), e.g., if the WTRU determines that the newly measured beam is different than the currently indicated beam, but the difference is not significant, then at 714, the WTRU transmits the second sequence using the first UL resource.

[0213] If the TCI set ID difference is equal to the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e. the determined TCI state is in the same set of TCI states as the indicated TCI state), e.g., if the WTRU determines that the newly measured beam is same or similar to the currently indicated beam, then at 716, the WTRU transmits the first sequence using the first UL resource.

[0214] If the TCI set ID difference is greater than the TCI set ID difference threshold (i.e. the set ID of the determined TCI state - the set ID of the indicated TCI state > the TCI set ID difference threshold), e.g., if the WTRU determines that the newly measured beam is significantly different than the currently indicated beam, then at 718, the WTRU activates the MR.

[0215] At 720, the WTRU transmits the MR beam report using the second UL resource. In an example, the MR beam report may include the one or more measurements with the CRIs and / or SSBRIs and / or corresponding L1-RSRPs etc.

[0216] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart depicting an example process 800 of transmitting one or more sequences based on a CQI difference according to one or more embodiments. The process 800 may beperformed by the WTRU comprising at least the LR (e.g., the LP-WUR) and the MR. At 802, the WTRU receives the configuration information indicative of the first sequence associated with the first CQI difference threshold, the second sequence associated with the second CQI difference threshold, the first UL resource, the second UL resource, and the LP-WUS configuration. The WTRU may also receive the indication of the activation for the LP-WUS and / or deactivation for the MR.

[0217] At 804, the WTRU determines the reported CQI, i e., a first CQI, based on the use of the MR.

[0218] At 806, the WTRU measures the one or more RSs based on the LP-WUS configuration.

[0219] At 808, the WTRU determines a second CQI based on the measurement of the one or more RSs.

[0220] At 810, the WTRU determines an absolute value of a CQI difference between the first CQI and the second CQI.

[0221] At 812, the WTRU compares the absolute value of the CQI difference with a first CQI difference threshold.

[0222] At 814, if the absolute value of the CQI difference is less than or equal to the first CQI difference threshold, the WTRU transmits the first sequence in the first UL resource using the LR.

[0223] At 816, if the absolute value of the CQI difference is greater than the first CQI difference threshold, the WTRU compares the absolute value of the CQI difference with a second CQI difference threshold.

[0224] At 818, if the absolute value of the CQI difference is less than or equal to the second CQI difference threshold, the WTRU transmits the second sequence in the first UL resource using the LR.

[0225] At 820, if the absolute value of the CQI difference is greater than the second CQI difference threshold, the WTRU activates the MR.

[0226] At 822, the WTRU transmits the MR CSI report in the second UL resource using the MR.

[0227] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart depicting an example process 900 of transmitting an indication using the timer and / or the counter according to one or more embodiments. The process 900 may be performed by the WTRU comprising at least the LR (e.g., the LP-WUR) and the MR. At 902, the WTRU receives the configuration information indicative of the first UL resource, the second UL resource, a timer configuration and / or a counter configuration, and the LP-WUS configuration.

[0228] At 904, the WTRU monitors the LP-WUS based on the LP-WUS configuration. The WTRU measures the one or more RSs based on the LP-WUS configuration.

[0229] At 906, the WTRU transmits the CSI and / or beam information in the first UL resource using the LR.

[0230] At 908, the WTRU initializes the timer and / or the counter based on the timer configuration and / or the counter configuration.

[0231] At 910, the WTRU monitors for an acknowledgement from the base station for the transmitted CSI and / or beam information. The WTRU checks whether the acknowledgement is received before the timer and / or the counter expires.

[0232] At 912, if the acknowledgement is received before the timer and / or the counter expires, the WTRU continues monitoring the LP-WUS and resets the timer and / or the counter.

[0233] At 914, if the acknowledgement is not received before the timer and / or the counter expires, the WTRU activates the MR.

[0234] At 916, the WTRU transmits the indication, e.g., the CSI and / or the beam information, using the second UL resource by using the MR.

[0235] Although features and elements are described above in particular combinations, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with the other features and elements. In addition, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted over wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magnetooptical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is Claimed:

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver comprising: a low power radio (LR); and a main radio (MR); and a processor, wherein the at least one transceiver and the processor are configured to: receive configuration information indicative of a first sequence, a second sequence, a first uplink (UL) resource, a second UL resource, and at least one transmission configuration index (TCI) set identifier (ID) difference threshold, receive a low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) configuration, receive a first TCI set ID associated with a first set of TCI states, measure one or more reference signals (RSs) based on the LP-WUS configuration, determine a second set of TCI states based on the measurement, determine a TCI set ID difference between the first TCI set ID and a second TCI set ID associated with the second set of TCI states, and on a condition that an absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is less than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold, transmit, using the LR, the second sequence using the first UL resource.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the at least one transceiver and the processor are further configured to: on a condition that the that the first TCI set ID is same as the second TCI set ID, transmit, using the LR, the first sequence using the first UL resource.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the at least one transceiver and the processor are further configured to: on a condition that the absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is greater than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold, activate the MR.

4. The WTRU of claim 3, wherein the at least one transceiver and the processor are further configured to: generate an MR beam report, and transmit, using the MR, the MR beam report using the second UL resource.

5. The WTRU of claim 4, wherein the MR beam report includes at least one of: a channel status information (CSI) RS Resource Indicator (CRI),a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) Block Resource indicator(SSBRI), a layer indicator (LI), or a layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP).

6. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein measuring the one or more RSs includes: determining a quality of the one or more RSs based on at least one of: a reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the one or more RSs, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) associated with the one or more RSs, or a signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SINR) associated with the one or more RSs.

7. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the one or more RSs include one or more low power synchronization signals (LP-SSs).

8. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the at least one transceiver and the processor are further configured to: receive one or more downlink channels using the first set of TCI states, and transmit one or more uplink channels using the first set of TCI states.

9. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the at least one transceiver and the processor are further configured to: receive a timer configuration, initialize a timer based on the timer configuration, on a condition that an acknowledgement is received before expiry of the timer, monitor a LP-WUS, and on a condition that the acknowledgement is not received before expiry of the timer, activate the MR, and transmit, using the MR, an indication using the second UL resource.

10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence comprise one or more of: a Zadoff-Chu sequence, an M-sequence, or a Golay sequence11. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the LP-WUS configuration includes one or more of: an LP-WUS monitoring configuration, or an LP-WUS resource configuration.

12. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the at least one transceiver is further configured to: receive an indication of activation of the LP-WUS, or receive an indication of deactivation of the MR.

13. A method for use in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising:receiving a configuration information indicative of a first sequence, a second sequence, a first uplink (UL) resource, a second UL resource, and at least one transmission configuration index (TCI) set identifier (ID) difference threshold; receiving a low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) configuration; receiving a first TCI set ID associated with a first set of TCI states; measuring one or more reference signals (RSs) based on the LP-WUS configuration; determining a second set of TCI states based on the measurement; determining a TCI set ID difference between the first TCI set ID and a second TCI set ID associated with the second set of TCI states; on a condition that an absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is less than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold, transmitting, using a low power radio (LR), the second sequence using the first UL resource; on a condition that the first TCI set ID is same as the second TCI set ID, transmitting, using the LR, the first sequence using the first UL resource; and on a condition that the absolute value of the TCI set ID difference is greater than the at least one TCI set ID difference threshold, activating a main radio (MR).

14. The method of claim 13, the method further comprising: generating an MR beam report; and transmitting, using the MR, the MR beam report using the second UL resource.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the MR beam report includes at least one of: a channel status information (CSI) RS Resource Indicator (CRI), a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) Block Resource indicator (SSBRI), a layer indicator (LI), or a layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP).

16. The method of claim 13, wherein measuring the one or more RSs includes: determining a quality of the one or more RSs based on at least one of: a reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the one or more RSs, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) associated with the one or more RSs, or a signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SINR) associated with the one or more RSs.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more RSs include one or more low power synchronization signals (LP-SSs).

18. The method of claim 13, the method further comprising at least one of: receiving one or more downlink channels using the first set of TCI states; or transmitting one or more uplink channels using the first set of TCI states.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein the first sequence and the second sequence comprise one or more of: a Zadoff-Chu sequence, an M-sequence, or a Golay sequence.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein the LP-WUS configuration includes one or more of: an LP-WUS monitoring configuration, or an LP-WUS resource configuration.

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