Decoders, encoders, and data transmitters.

Abstract

The invention relates to a decoder, an encoder, and a data transmitter. According to the invention, scaled list data and information associated with scaled lists can be hierarchically signaled, which can thus reduce the amount of data that needs to be signaled to generate video / image codes and increase code generation efficiency.

Description

Scaling list-based video or image coding This technology relates to video or image coding, for example, to scaling list-based coding technology. Recently, the demand for high-resolution, high-quality video, such as 4K or 8K or higher UHD (Ultra High Definition) video, is increasing across various fields. As video data becomes higher resolution and higher quality, the amount of information or bits transmitted increases relative to existing video data; therefore, when transmitting video data using media such as existing wired or wireless broadband lines or storing video data using existing storage media, transmission and storage costs increase. In addition, interest in and demand for immersive media such as VR (Virtual Reality), AR (Artificial Reality) content, and holograms have recently been increasing, and the broadcasting of video content with characteristics different from reality, such as game footage, is on the rise. Accordingly, high-efficiency image / video compression technology is required to effectively compress, transmit, store, and play back high-resolution, high-quality image / video information having various characteristics as described above. In addition, there is discussion regarding adaptive frequency weighting quantization techniques in the scaling process to improve compression efficiency and enhance subjective and objective visual quality. To efficiently apply these techniques, a method for signaling related information is required. The technical objective of this document is to provide a method and device for increasing video / image coding efficiency. Another technical objective of this document is to provide a method and device for increasing coding efficiency in the scaling process. Another technical objective of this document is to provide a method and apparatus for efficiently configuring a scaling list used in the scaling process. Another technical objective of this document is to provide a method and apparatus for hierarchically signaling scaling list-related information used in the scaling process. Another technical objective of this document is to provide a method and apparatus for efficiently applying a scaling list-based scaling process. According to one embodiment of the present document, scaling list data can be signaled through an adaptation parameter set (APS), and APS identification information (APS ID) indicating the ID of the APS referenced for the scaling list data can be signaled through header information (picture header / slice header / tile group header, etc.). According to one embodiment of the present document, type information of APS parameters can be signaled through an APS, and based on the type information of the APS parameters, whether the APS is a scaling list data (scaling list parameters) APS can be indicated. According to one embodiment of the present document, APS ID count information indicating the number of IDs of APS related to scaling list data can be signaled through header information, and identification information syntax elements of APS related to scaling list data equal to the number of APS IDs can be signaled. According to one embodiment of the present document, availability flag information indicating the availability of scaling list data may be signaled hierarchically, and availability flag information in lower-level syntax (e.g., picture header / slice header / type group header, etc.) may be signaled based on availability flag information signaled in upper-level syntax (e.g., SPS). According to one embodiment of the present document, restriction flag information can be signaled through general restriction information syntax, and based on the restriction flag information, the availability of flag information for scaling list data can be indicated. According to one embodiment of the present document, a video / image decoding method performed by a decoding device is provided. The video / image decoding method may include the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present document. According to one embodiment of the present document, a decoding device for performing video / image decoding is provided. The decoding device can perform the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present document. According to one embodiment of the present document, a video / image encoding method performed by an encoding device is provided. The video / image encoding method may include the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present document. According to one embodiment of the present document, an encoding device for performing video / image encoding is provided. The encoding device can perform the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present document. According to one embodiment of the present document, a computer-readable digital storage medium is provided that stores encoded video / image information generated according to a video / image encoding method disclosed in at least one of the embodiments of the present document. According to one embodiment of the present document, a computer-readable digital storage medium is provided that stores encoded information or encoded video / image information, which causes a video / image decoding method disclosed in at least one of the embodiments of the present document to be performed by a decoding device. This document may have various effects. For example, according to one embodiment of this document, overall image / video compression efficiency can be increased. Additionally, according to one embodiment of this document, coding efficiency can be increased and subjective / objective visual quality improved by applying an efficient scaling process. Furthermore, according to one embodiment of this document, a scaling list used in the scaling process can be efficiently configured, and through this, information related to the scaling list can be hierarchically signaled. Additionally, according to one embodiment of this document, coding efficiency can be increased by efficiently applying a scaling list-based scaling process. The effects obtainable through the specific embodiments of this document are not limited to those listed above. For example, there may be various technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related art can understand or derive from this document. Accordingly, the specific effects of this document are not limited to those explicitly stated in this document, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this document. Figure 1 schematically illustrates an example of a video / image coding system that can be applied to embodiments of the present document. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of a video / image encoding device to which embodiments of the present document can be applied. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of a video / image decoding device to which embodiments of the present document can be applied. Figure 4 shows an example of a schematic video / image encoding method to which the embodiments of the present document are applicable. Figure 5 shows an example of a schematic video / image decoding method to which the embodiments of the present document are applicable. Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary intra-prediction procedure. Figure 7 illustrates an exemplary inter prediction procedure. Figure 8 illustrates an exemplary hierarchical structure for a coded image / video. FIGS. 9 and 10 schematically illustrate an example of a video / image encoding method and related components according to the embodiment(s) of the present document. FIGS. 11 and 12 schematically illustrate an example of a video / image decoding method and related components according to the embodiment(s) of the present document. FIG. 13 shows an example of a content streaming system to which the embodiments disclosed in this document can be applied. As this document is subject to various modifications and may have various embodiments, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail. However, this is not intended to limit this document to specific embodiments. Terms used in this document are used merely to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the technical scope of this document. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Terms such as "comprising" or "having" in this document are intended to specify the existence of the features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the document, and should be understood as not precluding the existence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Meanwhile, each component in the drawings described in this document is depicted independently for the convenience of explaining different characteristic functions and does not imply that each component is implemented in separate hardware or separate software. For example, two or more components may be combined to form a single component, or a single component may be divided into multiple components. Embodiments in which each component is integrated and / or separated are also included within the scope of this document, provided that they do not deviate from the essence of this document. This document relates to video / video coding. For example, the methods / exemplars disclosed in this document may be applied to methods disclosed in the VVC (versatile video coding) standard. Additionally, the methods / exemplars disclosed in this document may be applied to methods disclosed in the EVC (essential video coding) standard, AV1 (AOMedia Video 1) standard, AVS2 (2nd generation of audio video coding standard), or next-generation video / video coding standards (e.g., H.267 or H.268). This document presents various embodiments regarding video / image coding, and unless otherwise noted, the embodiments may be performed in combination with one another. In this document, "video" may refer to a set of images over time. "Picture" generally refers to a unit representing a single image at a specific time, and "slice" or "tile" are units that constitute a part of a picture in coding. A slice or tile may include one or more CTUs (coding tree units). A single picture may be composed of one or more slices or tiles. A tile is a rectangular region of CTUs within a particular tile column and a particular tile row in a picture. The tile column is a rectangular region of CTUs having a height equal to the height of the picture and a width specified by syntax elements in the picture parameter set. The tile row is a rectangular region of CTUs, and the rectangular region has a width specified by syntax elements in the picture parameter set and a width equal to the width of the picture.A tile scan may represent a specific sequential ordering of CTUs partitioning a picture in which the CTUs are ordered consecutively in a CTU raster scan in a tile, and tiles in a picture are ordered consecutively in a raster scan of the tiles of the picture. A slice may include an integer number of complete tiles or an integer number of consecutive complete CTU rows within a tile of a picture that may be exclusively contained in a single NAL unit. Meanwhile, a picture can be divided into two or more subpictures. A subpicture can be a rectangular region of one or more slices within a picture. A pixel or pel can refer to the smallest unit that constitutes a picture (or image). Additionally, the term 'sample' may be used as a counterpart to pixel. Generally, a sample can represent a pixel or its value; it may represent only the pixel / pixel value of the luminance component, or only the pixel / pixel value of the chroma component. Alternatively, a sample may refer to a pixel value in the spatial domain, or it may refer to the transformation coefficient in the frequency domain when such pixel values ​​are converted to the frequency domain. A unit may represent a basic unit of image processing. A unit may include at least one of a specific area of ​​a picture and information related to that area. A unit may include one luminance block and two chroma (e.g., cb, cr) blocks. Depending on the case, the term unit may be used interchangeably with terms such as block or area. In general, an MxN block may include samples (or sample arrays) or a set (or array) of transform coefficients consisting of M columns and N rows. Additionally, at least one of quantization / inverse quantization and / or transformation / inverse transformation may be omitted in this document. If quantization / inverse quantization is omitted, the quantized transformation coefficients may be referred to as transformation coefficients. If transformation / inverse transformation is omitted, the transformation coefficients may be referred to as coefficients or residual coefficients, or they may still be referred to as transformation coefficients for the sake of consistency in expression. In this document, quantized transform coefficients and transform coefficients may be referred to as transform coefficients and scaled transform coefficients, respectively. In this case, residual information may include information regarding the transform coefficient(s), and information regarding the transform coefficient(s) may be signaled through residual coding syntax. Transform coefficients may be derived based on residual information (or information regarding the transform coefficient(s), and scaled transform coefficients may be derived through inverse transform (scaling) of the transform coefficients. Residual samples may be derived based on the inverse transform (transform) of the scaled transform coefficients. This may be similarly applied / expressed in other parts of this document. In this document, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in this document, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in this document, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." The slash ( / ) or comma used in this document may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C." In this document, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in this document, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B." Additionally, in this document, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Also, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C." Additionally, parentheses used in this document may mean "for example." Specifically, where indicated as "prediction (intra-prediction)," "intra-prediction" may be proposed as an example of "prediction." In other words, "prediction" in this document is not limited to "intra-prediction," and "intra-prediction" may be proposed as an example of "prediction." Also, even when indicated as "prediction (i.e., intra-prediction)," "intra-prediction" may be proposed as an example of "prediction." Technical features described individually within a single drawing in this document may be implemented individually or simultaneously. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present document will be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawings. In the following, the same reference numerals are used for identical components in the drawings, and redundant descriptions of identical components may be omitted. Figure 1 schematically illustrates an example of a video / image coding system that can be applied to embodiments of the present document. Referring to FIG. 1, a video / image coding system may include a first device (source device) and a second device (receiving device). The source device may transmit encoded video / image information or data in the form of a file or streaming to the receiving device via a digital storage medium or a network. The source device may include a video source, an encoding device, and a transmission unit. The receiving device may include a receiving unit, a decoding device, and a renderer. The encoding device may be called a video / image encoding device, and the decoding device may be called a video / image decoding device. A transmitter may be included in the encoding device. A receiver may be included in the decoding device. The renderer may include a display unit, and the display unit may be composed of a separate device or an external component. A video source may acquire video / images through processes such as video / image capture, synthesis, or generation. The video source may include a video / image capture device and / or a video / image generation device. The video / image capture device may include, for example, one or more cameras, a video / image archive containing previously captured video / images, etc. The video / image generation device may include, for example, a computer, a tablet, and a smartphone, etc., and may generate video / images (electronically). For example, virtual video / images may be generated through a computer, etc., in which case the video / image capture process may be replaced by a process in which related data is generated. The encoding device can encode input video / images. The encoding device can perform a series of procedures, such as prediction, transformation, and quantization, for compression and coding efficiency. The encoded data (encoded video / image information) can be output in the form of a bitstream. The transmission unit can transmit encoded video / image information or data output in the form of a bitstream to the receiving unit of a receiving device via a digital storage medium or a network in the form of a file or streaming. The digital storage medium may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD. The transmission unit may include elements for creating a media file through a predetermined file format and elements for transmission via a broadcasting / communication network. The receiving unit can receive / extract the bitstream and transmit it to a decoding device. The decoding device can decode video / images by performing a series of procedures such as inverse quantization, inverse transform, and prediction corresponding to the operation of the encoding device. The renderer can render the decoded video / image. The rendered video / image can be displayed through the display unit. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of a video / image encoding device to which embodiments of the present document may be applied. Hereinafter, the term "encoding device" may include an image encoding device and / or a video encoding device. Referring to FIG. 2, the encoding device (200) may be configured to include an image partitioner (210), a predictor (220), a residual processor (230), an entropy encoder (240), an adder (250), a filter (260), and a memory (270). The predictor (220) may include an inter-predictor (221) and an intra-predictor (222). The residual processor (230) may include a transformer (232), a quantizer (233), a dequantizer (234), and an inverse transformer (235). The residual processor (230) may further include a subtractor (231). The addition unit (250) may be referred to as a reconstructor or a reconstructed block generator. The above-described image segmentation unit (210), prediction unit (220), residual processing unit (230), entropy encoding unit (240), addition unit (250), and filtering unit (260) may be configured by one or more hardware components (e.g., an encoder chipset or processor) according to the embodiment. Additionally, the memory (270) may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB) and may be configured by a digital storage medium. The hardware component may further include the memory (270) as an internal / external component. The image segmentation unit (210) can divide an input image (or picture, frame) input to an encoding device (200) into one or more processing units. For example, the processing unit may be called a coding unit (CU). In this case, the coding unit may be recursively divided from a coding tree unit (CTU) or a largest coding unit (LCU) according to a QTBTTT (Quad-tree binary-tree ternary-tree) structure. For example, one coding unit may be divided into multiple coding units of a deeper depth based on a quad-tree structure, a binary-tree structure, and / or a ternary structure. In this case, for example, the quad-tree structure may be applied first and the binary-tree structure and / or ternary structure may be applied later. Or the binary-tree structure may be applied first. A coding procedure according to this document may be performed based on the final coding unit that is no longer divided. In this case, based on coding efficiency according to image characteristics, the maximum coding unit may be used directly as the final coding unit, or, if necessary, the coding unit may be recursively divided into lower-depth coding units so that a coding unit of the optimal size is used as the final coding unit. Here, the coding procedure may include procedures such as prediction, transformation, and restoration described later. As another example, the processing unit may further include a prediction unit (PU) or a transformation unit (TU). In this case, the prediction unit and the transformation unit may each be divided or partitioned from the final coding unit described above.The above prediction unit may be a unit of sample prediction, and the above transformation unit may be a unit that derives transformation coefficients and / or a unit that derives a residual signal from transformation coefficients. The term "unit" may be used interchangeably with terms such as "block" or "area" depending on the context. In general, an MxN block may represent a set of samples or transform coefficients consisting of M columns and N rows. A sample can generally represent a pixel or a pixel value, and may represent only the pixel / pixel value of the luminance component or only the pixel / pixel value of the chroma component. A sample may be used to refer to a single picture (or image) as a term corresponding to a pixel or pel. The encoding device (200) can generate a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array) by subtracting a prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from an inter prediction unit (221) or an intra prediction unit (222) from an input image signal (original block, original sample array), and the generated residual signal is transmitted to a conversion unit (232). In this case, as illustrated, the unit that subtracts the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) from the input image signal (original block, original sample array) within the encoder (200) may be called a subtraction unit (231). The prediction unit performs a prediction for a block to be processed (hereinafter referred to as the current block) and can generate a predicted block containing prediction samples for the current block. The prediction unit can determine whether intra prediction is applied or inter prediction is applied at the current block or CU level. The prediction unit can generate various information regarding prediction, such as prediction mode information, as described below in the description of each prediction mode, and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit (240). The information regarding prediction can be encoded in the entropy encoding unit (240) and output in the form of a bitstream. The intra prediction unit (222) can predict the current block by referring to samples within the current picture. The referenced samples may be located near the current block or away from it, depending on the prediction mode. In intra prediction, the prediction modes may include a plurality of non-directional modes and a plurality of directional modes. The non-directional modes may include, for example, a DC mode and a Planar mode. The directional modes may include, for example, 33 directional prediction modes or 65 directional prediction modes, depending on the degree of fineness of the prediction direction. However, this is merely an example, and depending on the settings, more or fewer directional prediction modes may be used. The intra prediction unit (222) may also determine the prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the surrounding blocks. The inter prediction unit (221) can derive a predicted block for the current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on a reference picture. At this time, to reduce the amount of motion information transmitted in the inter prediction mode, motion information can be predicted in blocks, sub-blocks, or samples based on the correlation of motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block. The motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index. The motion information may further include information on the inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.). In the case of inter prediction, neighboring blocks may include spatial neighboring blocks existing within the current picture and temporal neighboring blocks existing in the reference picture. The reference picture containing the reference blocks and the reference picture containing the temporal neighboring blocks may be the same or different. The above temporal surrounding blocks may be referred to by names such as collocated reference block, collocated CU (colCU), etc., and the reference picture containing the above temporal surrounding blocks may be referred to as a collocated picture (colPic). For example, the inter prediction unit (221) may construct a list of motion information candidates based on surrounding blocks and generate information indicating which candidate is used to derive the motion vector and / or reference picture index of the current block. Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes, for example, in the case of skip mode and merge mode, the inter prediction unit (221) may use the motion information of surrounding blocks as motion information of the current block. In the case of skip mode, unlike merge mode, a residual signal may not be transmitted.In the motion vector prediction (MVP) mode, the motion vector of surrounding blocks is used as a motion vector predictor, and the motion vector of the current block can be indicated by signaling the motion vector difference. The prediction unit (220) can generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods described below. For example, the prediction unit may apply intra prediction or inter prediction for a single block, and may also apply intra prediction and inter prediction simultaneously. This may be called combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP). Additionally, the prediction unit may be based on an intra block copy (IBC) prediction mode or a palette mode for predicting a block. The IBC prediction mode or palette mode may be used for content video / video coding, such as in games, for example, screen content coding (SCC). IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but it can be performed similarly to inter prediction in that it derives a reference block within the current picture. That is, IBC may use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described in this document. The palette mode can be viewed as an example of intra coding or intra prediction. When palette mode is applied, sample values ​​within the picture can be signaled based on information regarding the palette table and palette index. The prediction signal generated through the prediction unit (including the inter prediction unit (221) and / or the intra prediction unit (222)) may be used to generate a restored signal or to generate a residual signal. The transformation unit (232) may generate transform coefficients by applying a transformation technique to the residual signal. For example, the transformation technique may be a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Sine Transform (DST), KLT ( It may include at least one of ), GBT (Graph-Based Transform), or CNT (Conditionally Non-linear Transform). Here, GBT refers to a transformation obtained from a graph when the relationship information between pixels is represented as a graph. CNT refers to a transformation obtained based on a prediction signal generated using all previously reconstructed pixels. Additionally, the transformation process may be applied to a block of pixels of the same size in a square, or to a block of variable size that is not square. The quantization unit (233) quantizes the transformation coefficients and transmits them to the entropy encoding unit (240), and the entropy encoding unit (240) can encode the quantized signal (information regarding the quantized transformation coefficients) and output it as a bitstream. The information regarding the quantized transformation coefficients may be called residual information. The quantization unit (233) can rearrange the block-shaped quantized transformation coefficients into a one-dimensional vector form based on the coefficient scan order, and can also generate information regarding the quantized transformation coefficients based on the one-dimensional vector-shaped quantized transformation coefficients. The entropy encoding unit (240) can perform various encoding methods such as, for example, exponential Golomb, CAVLC (context-adaptive variable length coding), CABAC (context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding), etc. The entropy encoding unit (240) may encode information necessary for video / image restoration (e.g., values ​​of syntax elements) together or separately, in addition to the quantized transform coefficients. The encoded information (e.g., encoded video / image information) may be transmitted or stored in the form of a bitstream in units of NAL (network abstraction layer) units. The video / image information may further include information regarding various parameter sets, such as an Adaptation Parameter Set (APS), a Picture Parameter Set (PPS), a Sequence Parameter Set (SPS), or a Video Parameter Set (VPS). Additionally, the video / image information may further include general constraint information. In this document, information and / or syntax elements transmitted / signaled from the encoding device to the decoding device may be included in the video / image information. The video / image information may be encoded through the encoding procedure described above and included in the bitstream.The above bitstream may be transmitted via a network or stored in a digital storage medium. Here, the network may include a broadcasting network and / or a communication network, and the digital storage medium may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, SSD, etc. A transmission unit (not shown) that transmits the signal output from the entropy encoding unit (240) and / or a storage unit (not shown) that stores it may be configured as internal / external elements of the encoding device (200), or the transmission unit may be included in the entropy encoding unit (240). The quantized transform coefficients output from the quantization unit (233) can be used to generate a prediction signal. For example, a residual signal (residual block or residual samples) can be restored by applying inverse quantization and inverse transformation to the quantized transform coefficients through the inverse quantization unit (234) and the inverse transformation unit (235). The adder (155) can generate a reconstructed signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) by adding the restored residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter-prediction unit (221) or the intra-prediction unit (222). In cases where there is no residual for the block to be processed, such as when a skip mode is applied, the predicted block can be used as the reconstructed block. The adder (250) may be called a reconstructed unit or a reconstructed block generation unit. The generated restoration signal can be used for intra prediction of the next processing target block within the current picture, and can also be used for inter prediction of the next picture after filtering as described below. Meanwhile, LMCS (luma mapping with chroma scaling) may be applied during the picture encoding and / or restoration process. The filtering unit (260) can improve subjective / objective image quality by applying filtering to the restored signal. For example, the filtering unit (260) can generate a modified restored picture by applying various filtering methods to the restored picture, and can store the modified restored picture in memory (270), specifically in the DPB of memory (270). The various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, sample adaptive offset, adaptive loop filter, bilateral filter, etc. The filtering unit (260) can generate various information regarding filtering and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit (240), as described below in the description of each filtering method. The information regarding filtering can be encoded in the entropy encoding unit (240) and output in the form of a bitstream. The modified restored picture transmitted to the memory (270) can be used as a reference picture in the inter-prediction unit (221). Through this, when inter-prediction is applied, the encoding device can avoid prediction mismatches between the encoding device (100) and the decoding device, and can also improve encoding efficiency. The memory (270) DPB can store the modified restored picture to be used as a reference picture in the inter-prediction unit (221). The memory (270) can store motion information of blocks from which motion information is derived (or encoded) within the current picture and / or motion information of blocks within the picture that have already been restored. The stored motion information can be transmitted to the inter-prediction unit (221) to be used as motion information of spatially surrounding blocks or motion information of temporally surrounding blocks. The memory (270) can store restoration samples of the blocks restored within the current picture and transmit them to the intra-prediction unit (222). FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of a video / image decoding device to which embodiments of the present document may be applied. The term "decoding device" below may include an image decoding device and / or a video decoding device. Referring to FIG. 3, the decoding device (300) may be configured to include an entropy decoder (310), a residual processor (320), a predictor (330), an adder (340), a filter (350), and a memory (360). The predictor (330) may include an inter-predictor (331) and an intra-predictor (332). The residual processor (320) may include a dequantizer (321) and an inverse transformer (321). The aforementioned entropy decoding unit (310), residual processing unit (320), prediction unit (330), addition unit (340), and filtering unit (350) may be configured by a single hardware component (e.g., a decoder chipset or a processor) according to an embodiment. Additionally, the memory (360) may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB) and may be configured by a digital storage medium. The hardware component may further include the memory (360) as an internal / external component. When a bitstream containing video / image information is input, the decoding device (300) can restore the image in correspondence with the process in which the video / image information is processed by the encoding device of FIG. 2. For example, the decoding device (300) can derive units / blocks based on block division information obtained from the bitstream. The decoding device (300) can perform decoding using a processing unit applied by the encoding device. Accordingly, the processing unit for decoding may be, for example, a coding unit, and the coding unit may be divided from a coding tree unit or a maximum coding unit according to a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure, and / or a binary tree structure. One or more conversion units may be derived from the coding unit. And, the restored image signal decoded and output through the decoding device (300) can be played back through a playback device. The decoding device (300) can receive a signal output from the encoding device of FIG. 2 in the form of a bitstream, and the received signal can be decoded through an entropy decoding unit (310). For example, the entropy decoding unit (310) can parse the bitstream to derive information (e.g., video / image information) necessary for image restoration (or picture restoration). The video / image information may further include information regarding various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS). Additionally, the video / image information may further include general constraint information. The decoding device can decode the picture based on information regarding the parameter sets and / or the general constraint information. The signaling / receiving information and / or syntax elements described below in this document can be obtained from the bitstream by being decoded through the decoding procedure. For example, the entropy decoding unit (310) can decode information within a bitstream based on coding methods such as exponential chord coding, CAVLC, or CABAC, and output values ​​of syntax elements required for image restoration and quantized values ​​of transformation coefficients regarding residuals. More specifically, the CABAC entropy decoding method can receive a bin corresponding to each syntax element in a bitstream, determine a context model using information of the syntax element to be decoded and decoding information of surrounding and decoding target blocks or information of symbols / bins decoded in the previous step, predict the probability of occurrence of the bin according to the determined context model, and perform arithmetic decoding of the bin to generate a symbol corresponding to the value of each syntax element.At this time, the CABAC entropy decoding method can update the context model using the decoded symbol / bin information for the context model of the next symbol / bin after determining the context model. Among the information decoded in the entropy decoding unit (310), information regarding prediction is provided to the prediction unit (inter prediction unit (332) and intra prediction unit (331)), and the residual value for which entropy decoding was performed in the entropy decoding unit (310), i.e., quantized transformation coefficients and related parameter information, can be input to the residual processing unit (320). The residual processing unit (320) can derive residual signals (residual blocks, residual samples, residual sample array). Additionally, among the information decoded in the entropy decoding unit (310), information regarding filtering can be provided to the filtering unit (350). Meanwhile, a receiving unit (not shown) that receives a signal output from an encoding device may be further configured as an internal / external element of the decoding device (300), or the receiving unit may be a component of the entropy decoding unit (310). Meanwhile, the decoding device according to the present document may be called a video / image / picture decoding device, and the decoding device may be divided into an information decoder (video / image / picture information decoder) and a sample decoder (video / image / picture sample decoder). The information decoder may include the entropy decoding unit (310), and the sample decoder may include at least one of the inverse quantization unit (321), inverse transform unit (322), adder (340), filtering unit (350), memory (360), inter prediction unit (332), and intra prediction unit (331). In the inverse quantization unit (321), the quantized transformation coefficients can be inversely quantized to output transformation coefficients. The inverse quantization unit (321) can rearrange the quantized transformation coefficients into a two-dimensional block form. In this case, the rearrangement can be performed based on the coefficient scan order performed by the encoding device. The inverse quantization unit (321) can perform inverse quantization on the quantized transformation coefficients using quantization parameters (e.g., quantization step size information) and obtain transformation coefficients. In the inverse conversion unit (322), the conversion coefficients are inversely converted to obtain a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array). The prediction unit performs a prediction for the current block and can generate a predicted block containing prediction samples for the current block. Based on information regarding the prediction output from the entropy decoding unit (310), the prediction unit can determine whether an intra prediction or an inter prediction is applied to the current block and can determine a specific intra / inter prediction mode. The prediction unit (320) can generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods described below. For example, the prediction unit may apply intra prediction or inter prediction for a single block, and may also apply intra prediction and inter prediction simultaneously. This may be called combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP). Additionally, the prediction unit may be based on an intra block copy (IBC) prediction mode or a palette mode for predicting a block. The IBC prediction mode or palette mode may be used for content video / video coding, such as in games, for example, screen content coding (SCC). IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but it can be performed similarly to inter prediction in that it derives a reference block within the current picture. That is, IBC may use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described in this document. The palette mode can be viewed as an example of intra coding or intra prediction. When palette mode is applied, information regarding the palette table and palette index can be included in the above video / image information and signaled. The intra prediction unit (331) can predict the current block by referring to samples within the current picture. The referenced samples may be located near the current block or away from it, depending on the prediction mode. In intra prediction, the prediction modes may include a plurality of non-directional modes and a plurality of directional modes. The intra prediction unit (331) may determine the prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the surrounding blocks. The inter prediction unit (332) can derive a predicted block for the current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on a reference picture. At this time, to reduce the amount of motion information transmitted in the inter prediction mode, motion information can be predicted in blocks, sub-blocks, or samples based on the correlation of motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block. The motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index. The motion information may further include information on the inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.). In the case of inter prediction, neighboring blocks may include spatial neighboring blocks existing within the current picture and temporal neighboring blocks existing in the reference picture. For example, the inter prediction unit (332) may construct a motion information candidate list based on the neighboring blocks and derive the motion vector and / or reference picture index of the current block based on the received candidate selection information. Inter-prediction can be performed based on various prediction modes, and information regarding the prediction may include information indicating the mode of inter-prediction for the current block. The adder (340) can generate a restoration signal (restored picture, restored block, restored sample array) by adding the acquired residual signal to the prediction signal (predicted block, predicted sample array) output from the prediction unit (including the inter prediction unit (332) and / or the intra prediction unit (331)). In cases where there is no residual for the block to be processed, such as when a skip mode is applied, the predicted block can be used as the restoration block. The addition unit (340) may be called a restoration unit or a restoration block generation unit. The generated restoration signal may be used for intra-predicting the next block to be processed within the current picture, may be output after filtering as described below, or may be used for inter-predicting the next picture. Meanwhile, LMCS (luma mapping with chroma scaling) may be applied during the picture decoding process. The filtering unit (350) can improve subjective / objective image quality by applying filtering to the restored signal. For example, the filtering unit (350) can generate a modified restored picture by applying various filtering methods to the restored picture, and can transmit the modified restored picture to memory (360), specifically to the DPB of memory (360). The various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, sample adaptive offset, adaptive loop filter, bilateral filter, etc. The (modified) restored picture stored in the DPB of the memory (360) can be used as a reference picture in the inter-prediction unit (332). The memory (360) can store motion information of blocks from which motion information within the current picture has been derived (or decoded) and / or motion information of blocks within the picture that have already been restored. The stored motion information can be transmitted to the inter-prediction unit (332) to be used as motion information of spatially surrounding blocks or motion information of temporally surrounding blocks. The memory (360) can store restoration samples of blocks restored within the current picture and transmit them to the intra-prediction unit (331). In this document, the embodiments described in the filtering unit (260), inter prediction unit (221), and intra prediction unit (222) of the encoding device (200) may be applied to the filtering unit (350), inter prediction unit (332), and intra prediction unit (331) of the decoding device (300) in the same or corresponding manner. As described above, prediction is performed to increase compression efficiency during video coding. Through this, a predicted block containing predicted samples for the current block, which is the block to be coded, can be generated. Here, the predicted block includes predicted samples in the spatial domain (or pixel domain). The predicted block is derived identically by both the encoding device and the decoding device. The encoding device can increase video coding efficiency by signaling information regarding the residuals between the original block and the predicted block (residual information) to the decoding device, rather than the original sample values ​​of the original block itself. Based on the residual information, the decoding device derives a residual block containing residual samples, combines the residual block and the predicted block to generate a restored block containing restored samples, and can generate a restored picture containing the restored blocks. The above residual information can be generated through transformation and quantization procedures. For example, an encoding device may derive a residual block between the original block and the predicted block, perform a transformation procedure on the residual samples (residual sample array) included in the residual block to derive transformation coefficients, perform a quantization procedure on the transformation coefficients to derive quantized transformation coefficients, and signal the related residual information to a decoding device (via a bitstream). Here, the residual information may include information such as value information of the quantized transformation coefficients, position information, transformation technique, transformation kernel, and quantization parameters. The decoding device may perform inverse quantization / inverse transformation procedures based on the residual information and derive residual samples (or residual blocks). The decoding device may generate a reconstructed picture based on the predicted block and the residual block. The encoding device can also derive a residual block by inversely quantizing / inversely transforming the quantized transform coefficients for reference to inter-predicting of the picture, and generate a restored picture based thereon. Intra prediction may represent a prediction that generates prediction samples for the current block based on reference samples within the picture to which the current block belongs (hereinafter, the current picture). When intra prediction is applied to the current block, surrounding reference samples to be used for the intra prediction of the current block may be derived. The surrounding reference samples of the current block may include a sample adjacent to the left boundary of the current block of size nWxnH and a total of 2xnH samples adjacent to the bottom-left, a sample adjacent to the top boundary of the current block and a total of 2xnW samples adjacent to the top-right, and one sample adjacent to the top-left of the current block. Alternatively, the surrounding reference samples of the current block may include multiple columns of upper surrounding samples and multiple rows of left surrounding samples. Additionally, the surrounding reference samples of the current block may include a total of nH samples adjacent to the right boundary of the current block of size nWxnH, a total of nW samples adjacent to the bottom boundary of the current block, and one sample adjacent to the bottom-right of the current block. However, some of the surrounding reference samples of the current block may not yet be decoded or may not be available. In this case, the decoder may construct the surrounding reference samples to be used for prediction by substituting the unavailable samples with available samples. Alternatively, the surrounding reference samples to be used for prediction may be constructed through the interpolation of available samples. When neighboring reference samples are derived, (i) a prediction sample can be derived based on the average or interpolation of the neighboring reference samples of the current block, and (ii) a prediction sample can be derived based on a reference sample existing in a specific (prediction) direction with respect to the prediction sample among the neighboring reference samples of the current block. Case (i) can be called a non-directional mode or non-angular mode, and case (ii) can be called a directional mode or angular mode. In addition, a prediction sample may be generated by interpolating a first surrounding sample located in the prediction direction of the current block's intra prediction mode and a second surrounding sample located in the opposite direction of the prediction direction, based on the prediction sample of the current block among the surrounding reference samples. The above-described case may be called Linear Interpolation Intra Prediction (LIP). Additionally, chroma prediction samples may be generated based on luminance samples using a linear model (LM). This case may be called LM mode or CCLM (chroma component LM) mode. In addition, a provisional prediction sample of the current block may be derived based on filtered surrounding reference samples, and a prediction sample of the current block may be derived by performing a weighted sum of the provisional prediction sample and at least one reference sample derived according to the intra prediction mode among the existing surrounding reference samples, that is, unfiltered surrounding reference samples. The above case may be called PDPC (Position dependent intra prediction). In addition, intra-prediction coding can be performed by selecting the reference sample line with the highest prediction accuracy among the surrounding multiple reference sample lines of the current block, deriving a prediction sample using a reference sample located in the prediction direction from that line, and signaling the used reference sample line to a decoding device. The above-described case may be referred to as multi-reference line intra-prediction or MRL-based intra-prediction. In addition, the current block can be divided into vertical or horizontal subpartitions to perform intra prediction based on the same intra prediction mode, while utilizing neighboring reference samples derived at the subpartition level. That is, in this case, the intra prediction mode for the current block is applied identically to the subpartitions, but intra prediction performance can be improved in some cases by deriving and utilizing neighboring reference samples at the subpartition level. This prediction method can be referred to as ISP (intra sub-partitions)-based intra prediction. The intra prediction methods described above may be referred to as intra prediction types to distinguish them from intra prediction modes. Intra prediction types may be referred to by various terms, such as intra prediction techniques or additional intra prediction modes. For example, an intra prediction type (or additional intra prediction mode, etc.) may include at least one of the aforementioned LIP, PDPC, MRL, and ISP. General intra prediction methods excluding specific intra prediction types such as LIP, PDPC, MRL, and ISP may be referred to as normal intra prediction types. Normal intra prediction types can be generally applied when specific intra prediction types such as those described above are not applied, and predictions can be performed based on the aforementioned intra prediction modes. Meanwhile, post-processing filtering may be performed on the derived prediction samples as necessary. Specifically, the intra-prediction procedure may include an intra-prediction mode / type determination step, a peripheral reference sample derivation step, and an intra-prediction mode / type-based prediction sample derivation step. Additionally, a post-filtering step for the derived prediction samples may be performed as needed. Additionally, among the intra prediction modes, the non-directional mode (or non-angular mode) may include a DC mode based on the average of neighboring reference samples of the current block or a planar mode based on interpolation. When inter prediction is applied, the prediction unit of the encoding device / decoding device can perform inter prediction on a block-by-block basis to derive prediction samples. Inter prediction can be a prediction derived in a manner that is dependent on data elements (e.g., sample values, or motion information) of picture(s) other than the current picture. When inter prediction is applied to the current block, a predicted block (prediction sample array) for the current block can be derived based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on the reference picture pointed to by the reference picture index. In this case, to reduce the amount of motion information transmitted in the inter prediction mode, the motion information of the current block can be predicted on a block, sub-block, or sample basis, based on the correlation of motion information between surrounding blocks and the current block. The motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index. Additionally, the motion information may further include information on the inter prediction type (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.). When inter-prediction is applied, neighboring blocks may include spatial neighboring blocks existing within the current picture and temporal neighboring blocks existing in the reference picture. The reference picture containing the reference block and the reference picture containing the temporal neighboring block may be the same or different.Temporal neighbor blocks may be referred to by names such as collocated reference block or collocated CU (colCU), and a reference picture containing temporal neighbor blocks may be referred to as a collocated picture (colPic). For example, a list of motion information candidates may be constructed based on the neighbor blocks of the current block, and flag or index information indicating which candidate is selected (used) to derive the motion vector and / or reference picture index of the current block may be signaled. Inter-prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes; for example, in the case of skip mode and merge mode, the motion information of the current block may be the same as the motion information of the selected neighbor block. In the case of skip mode, unlike merge mode, a residual signal may not be transmitted. In the case of motion vector prediction (MVP) mode, the motion vector of the selected neighbor block is used as a motion vector predictor, and the motion vector difference may be signaled. In this case, the motion vector of the current block can be derived using the sum of the motion vector predictor and the motion vector difference. Motion information may include L0 motion information and / or L1 motion information depending on the inter-prediction type (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.). A motion vector in the L0 direction may be called the L0 motion vector or MVL0, and a motion vector in the L1 direction may be called the L1 motion vector or MVL1. A prediction based on the L0 motion vector may be called the L0 prediction, a prediction based on the L1 motion vector may be called the L1 prediction, and a prediction based on both the L0 motion vector and the L1 motion vector may be called the pair (Bi) prediction. Here, the L0 motion vector may represent a motion vector associated with reference picture list L0 (L0), and the L1 motion vector may represent a motion vector associated with reference picture list L1 (L1). Reference picture list L0 may include pictures that are output order earlier than the current picture as reference pictures, and reference picture list L1 may include pictures that are output order later than the current picture. Previous pictures can be called forward (reference) pictures, and subsequent pictures can be called reverse (reference) pictures. Reference picture list L0 may include more pictures that are output later than the current picture as reference pictures. In this case, within reference picture list L0, previous pictures may be indexed first, and subsequent pictures may be indexed next. Reference picture list L1 may include more pictures that are output earlier than the current picture as reference pictures. In this case, within reference picture list L1, subsequent pictures may be indexed first, and previous pictures may be indexed next. Here, the output order may correspond to the POC (picture order count) order. Figure 4 shows an example of a schematic video / image encoding method to which the embodiments of the present document are applicable. The method disclosed in FIG. 4 can be performed by the encoding device (200) of FIG. 2 described above. Specifically, S400 can be performed by the inter-prediction unit (221) or intra-prediction unit (222) of the encoding device (200), and S410, S420, S430, and S440 can be performed by the subtraction unit (231), conversion unit (232), quantization unit (233), and entropy encoding unit (240) of the encoding device (200), respectively. Referring to FIG. 4, the encoding device can derive prediction samples through prediction for the current block (S400). The encoding device can determine whether to perform inter-prediction or intra-prediction on the current block, and can determine a specific inter-prediction mode or a specific intra-prediction mode based on RD cost. Depending on the determined mode, the encoding device can derive prediction samples for the current block. The encoding device can derive residual samples by comparing original samples and predicted samples for the current block (S410). The encoding device can derive transformation coefficients through a transformation procedure for residual samples (S420), and derive quantized transformation coefficients by quantizing the derived transformation coefficients (S430). The encoding device can encode image information including prediction information and residual information, and output the encoded image information in the form of a bitstream (S440). The prediction information may include information related to the prediction procedure, such as prediction mode information and information regarding motion information (e.g., when inter-prediction is applied). The residual information may include information regarding quantized transform coefficients. The residual information may be entropy-coded. The output bitstream can be transmitted to a decoding device via a storage medium or a network. Figure 5 shows an example of a schematic video / image decoding method to which the embodiments of the present document are applicable. The method disclosed in FIG. 5 can be performed by the decoding device (300) of FIG. 3 described above. Specifically, S500 can be performed by the inter-prediction unit (332) or intra-prediction unit (331) of the decoding device (300). The procedure of decoding prediction information included in the bitstream in S500 to derive the values ​​of the relevant syntax elements can be performed by the entropy decoding unit (310) of the decoding device (300). S510, S520, S530, and S540 can each be performed by the entropy decoding unit (310), inverse quantization unit (321), inverse transformation unit (322), and addition unit (340) of the decoding device (300). Referring to FIG. 5, the decoding device can perform an operation corresponding to the operation performed by the encoding device. The decoding device can perform inter-prediction or intra-prediction for the current block based on the received prediction information and derive prediction samples (S500). The decoding device can derive quantized transformation coefficients for the current block based on the received residual information (S510). The decoding device can derive quantized transformation coefficients from the residual information through entropy decoding. The decoding device can derive the transformation coefficients by inversely quantizing the quantized transformation coefficients (S520). The decoding device derives residual samples through an inverse transformation procedure for the transformation coefficients (S530). The decoding device can generate restoration samples for the current block based on predicted samples and residual samples, and generate a restoration picture based thereon (S540). As previously described, an in-loop filtering procedure may be further applied to the restoration picture. FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary intra-prediction procedure. The intra-prediction procedure disclosed in FIG. 6 can be applied to the prediction process disclosed in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 described above (when the intra-prediction mode is applied). Referring to FIG. 6, as described above, the intra prediction procedure may include an intra prediction mode / type determination step, a peripheral reference sample derivation step, and an intra prediction execution (prediction sample generation) step. As described above, the intra prediction procedure may be performed in an encoding device and a decoding device. In this document, the term "coding device" may include an encoding device and / or a decoding device. The coding device can determine the intra prediction mode / type (S600). The encoding device can determine the intra prediction mode / type applied to the current block among the various intra prediction modes / types described above, and can generate prediction-related information. The prediction-related information may include intra prediction mode information indicating the intra prediction mode applied to the current block and / or intra prediction type information indicating the intra prediction type applied to the current block. The decoding device can determine the intra prediction mode / type applied to the current block based on the prediction-related information. Here, the intra prediction mode information may include flag information (e.g., intra_luma_mpm_flag) indicating whether, for example, the most probable mode (MPM) is applied to the current block or whether the remaining mode is applied. If the MPM is applied to the current block, the prediction mode information may further include index information (e.g., intra_luma_mpm_idx) pointing to one of the intra prediction mode candidates (MPM candidates). The intra prediction mode candidates (MPM candidates) may consist of an MPM candidate list or an MPM list. Additionally, if the MPM is not applied to the current block, the intra prediction mode information may further include remaining mode information (e.g., intra_luma_mpm_remainder) pointing to one of the remaining intra prediction modes excluding the intra prediction mode candidates (MPM candidates). The decoding device can determine the intra prediction mode of the current block based on the intra prediction mode information. Additionally, intra-prediction type information can be implemented in various forms. For example, intra-prediction type information may include intra-prediction type index information indicating one of the intra-prediction types. As another example, intra-prediction type information may include at least one of the following: reference sample line information indicating whether MRL is applied to the current block and, if so, which reference sample line is used (e.g., intra_luma_ref_idx); ISP flag information indicating whether ISP is applied to the current block (e.g., intra_subpartitions_mode_flag); ISP type information indicating the splitting type of subpartitions when ISP is applied (e.g., intra_subpartitions_split_flag); flag information indicating whether PDCP is applied; or flag information indicating whether LIP is applied. Additionally, intra-prediction type information may include a MIP flag indicating whether MIP (matrix-based intra prediction) is applied to the current block. For example, when intra prediction is applied, the intra prediction mode applied to the current block can be determined using the intra prediction mode of the surrounding blocks. For example, the coding device may select one of the MPM candidates within the list of most probable modes (MPM) derived based on the intra prediction modes of the surrounding blocks of the current block (e.g., left and / or upper surrounding blocks) and / or additional candidate modes based on the received MPM index, or select one of the remaining intra prediction modes not included in the MPM candidates (and planner modes) based on MPM retainer information (remaining intra prediction mode information). The MPM list may be configured to include or not include the planner mode as a candidate. For example, if the MPM list includes the planner mode as a candidate, the MPM list may have 6 candidates, and if the MPM list does not include the planner mode as a candidate, the MPM list may have 5 candidates. If the MPM list does not include planar mode as a candidate, a not planar flag (e.g., intra_luma_not_planar_flag) indicating whether the intra prediction mode of the current block is not planar mode may be signaled. For example, the MPM flag may be signaled first, and the MPM index and not planar flag may be signaled when the value of the MPM flag is 1. Additionally, the MPM index may be signaled when the value of the not planar flag is 1. Here, the reason the MPM list is configured not to include planar mode as a candidate is not that planar mode is not an MPM, but rather that since planar mode is always considered as an MPM, the not planar flag is signaled first to check whether it is planar mode. For example, whether the intra prediction mode applied to the current block is among the MPM candidates (and planar mode) or in remaining mode can be indicated based on the MPM flag (e.g., intra_luma_mpm_flag). A value of 1 for the MPM flag may indicate that the intra prediction mode for the current block is among the MPM candidates (and planar mode), and a value of 0 for the MPM flag may indicate that the intra prediction mode for the current block is not among the MPM candidates (and planar mode). A value of 0 for the not planar flag (e.g., intra_luma_not_planar_flag) may indicate that the intra prediction mode for the current block is planar mode, and a value of 1 for the not planar flag may indicate that the intra prediction mode for the current block is not planar mode. The MPM index can be signaled in the form of the mpm_idx or intra_luma_mpm_idx syntax element, and the remaining intra prediction mode information can be signaled in the form of the rem_intra_luma_pred_mode or intra_luma_mpm_remainder syntax element. For example, the remaining intra prediction mode information may point to one of the remaining intra prediction modes among all intra prediction modes that are not included in the MPM candidates (and planner modes), indexed in order of prediction mode number. The intra prediction mode may be an intra prediction mode for the lumina component (sample). Below, intra-prediction mode information may include at least one of an MPM flag (e.g., intra_luma_mpm_flag), a not-planar flag (e.g., intra_luma_not_planar_flag), an MPM index (e.g., mpm_idx or intra_luma_mpm_idx), and remaining intra-prediction mode information (rem_intra_luma_pred_mode or intra_luma_mpm_remainder).In this document, the MPM list may be referred to by various terms such as MPM candidate list, candModeList, etc. If matrix-based intra prediction (MIP) is applied to the current block, a separate mpm flag (e.g., intra_mip_mpm_flag), mpm index (e.g., intra_mip_mpm_idx), and remaining intra prediction mode information (e.g., intra_mip_mpm_remainder) for the MIP may be signaled, while the not-planar flag may not be signaled. In other words, generally, when an image is partitioned into blocks, the current block to be coded and its neighboring blocks will have similar image characteristics. Therefore, the current block and neighboring blocks are highly likely to have identical or similar intra prediction modes. Consequently, the encoder can utilize the intra prediction mode of the neighboring blocks to encode the intra prediction mode of the current block. As described above, when the intra-prediction mode applied to the current block is determined using the intra-prediction mode of the surrounding block, a list of most probable modes (MPM) for the current block of the coding device can be constructed. The MPM list may also be referred to as an MPM candidate list. Here, MPM may refer to a mode used to improve coding efficiency by considering the similarity between the current block and surrounding blocks during intra-prediction mode coding. As described above, the MPM list may be constructed to include the planner mode, or it may be constructed to exclude the planner mode. For example, if the MPM list includes the planner mode, the number of candidates in the MPM list may be 6. And, if the MPM list does not include the planner mode, the number of candidates in the MPM list may be 5. The encoding device can perform predictions based on various intra prediction modes and determine the optimal intra prediction mode based on rate-distortion optimization (RDO) derived therefrom. In this case, the encoding device may determine the optimal intra prediction mode using only the MPM candidates and planner modes configured in the MPM list, or it may determine the optimal intra prediction mode by using the remaining intra prediction modes in addition to the MPM candidates and planner modes configured in the MPM list. Specifically, for example, if the intra prediction type of the current block is a specific type (e.g., LIP, MRL, or ISP) rather than a normal intra prediction type, the encoding device may determine the optimal intra prediction mode by considering only the MPM candidates and planner modes as intra prediction mode candidates for the current block. That is, in this case, the intra prediction mode for the current block can be determined only from among the MPM candidates and planner modes, and in this case, the mpm flag may not be encoded / signaled. In this case, the decoding device can assume that the mpm flag is 1 without receiving the mpm flag separately. Meanwhile, generally, if the intra prediction mode of the current block is not a planner mode and is one of the MPM candidates in the MPM list, the encoding device generates an mpm index (mpm idx) pointing to one of the MPM candidates. Alternatively, if the intra prediction mode of the current block is not in the MPM list either, it generates MPM retainer information (remaining intra prediction mode information) pointing to a mode that is the same as the intra prediction mode of the current block among the remaining intra prediction modes not included in the MPM list (and planner mode). The MPM retainer information may include, for example, an intra_luma_mpm_remainder syntax element. The decoding device obtains intra prediction mode information from the bitstream. As described above, the intra prediction mode information may include at least one of an MPM flag, a not planner flag, an MPM index, and MPM retainer information (remaining intra prediction mode information). The decoding device may construct an MPM list. The MPM list is constructed in the same way as the MPM list constructed by the encoding device. That is, the MPM list may include the intra prediction mode of a neighboring block, and may additionally include specific intra prediction modes according to a predetermined method. The decoding device can determine the intra prediction mode of the current block based on the MPM list and intra prediction mode information. For example, when the value of the MPM flag is 1, the decoding device may derive the planar mode as the intra prediction mode of the current block (based not on the planar flag) or derive the candidate pointed to by the MPM index among the MPM candidates in the MPM list as the intra prediction mode of the current block. Here, the term MPM candidates may refer only to the candidates included in the MPM list, or may include not only the candidates included in the MPM list but also the planar mode that can be applied when the value of the MPM flag is 1. As another example, if the value of the MPM flag is 0, the decoding device may derive the intra prediction mode pointed to by the remaining intra prediction mode information (which may be called the MPM remainder information) from among the remaining intra prediction modes not included in the MPM list and planner mode as the intra prediction mode of the current block. Meanwhile, as yet another example, if the intra prediction type of the current block is a specific type (e.g., LIP, MRL, or ISP, etc.), the decoding device may derive the candidate pointed to by the MPM flag within the planner mode or MPM list as the intra prediction mode of the current block without parsing / decoding / verifying the MPM flag. The coding device can derive surrounding reference samples of the current block (S610). When intra prediction is applied to the current block, surrounding reference samples to be used for intra prediction of the current block may be derived. The surrounding reference samples of the current block may include a sample adjacent to the left boundary of the current block of size nWxnH and a total of 2xnH samples adjacent to the bottom-left, a sample adjacent to the top boundary of the current block of size nWxnH and a total of 2xnW samples adjacent to the top-right, and 1 sample adjacent to the top-left of the current block. Alternatively, the surrounding reference samples of the current block may include multiple columns of upper surrounding samples and multiple rows of left surrounding samples. Additionally, the surrounding reference samples of the current block may include a total of nH samples adjacent to the right boundary of the current block of size nWxnH, a total of nW samples adjacent to the bottom boundary of the current block, and 1 sample adjacent to the bottom-right of the current block. Meanwhile, when MRL is applied (i.e., when the value of the MRL index is greater than 0), neighboring reference samples may be located on lines 1 or 2, rather than line 0 adjacent to the current block on the left / upper side, and in this case, the number of neighboring reference samples may increase. Meanwhile, when ISP is applied, neighboring reference samples may be derived in subpartition units. The coding device can perform intra prediction on the current block to derive prediction samples (S620). The coding device can derive prediction samples based on intra prediction modes / types and surrounding samples. The coding device can derive a reference sample based on the intra prediction mode of the current block among the surrounding reference samples of the current block, and can derive a prediction sample of the current block based on the reference sample. FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary inter prediction procedure. The inter prediction procedure disclosed in FIG. 7 can be applied to the prediction process disclosed in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 described above (when the inter prediction mode is applied). Referring to FIG. 7, as described above, the inter prediction procedure may include a step of determining an inter prediction mode, a step of deriving motion information according to the determined prediction mode, and a step of performing a prediction based on the derived motion information (generating a prediction sample). As described above, the inter prediction procedure may be performed in an encoding device and a decoding device. In this document, the term "coding device" may include an encoding device and / or a decoding device. The coding device can determine the inter prediction mode for the current block (S700). Various inter-prediction modes may be used to predict the current block within a picture. For example, various modes such as merge mode, skip mode, motion vector prediction (MVP) mode, affine mode, subblock merge mode, and merge with MVD (MMVD) mode may be used. Decoder-side motion vector refinement (DMVR) mode, adaptive motion vector resolution (AMVR) mode, bi-prediction with CU-level weight (BCW), and bi-directional optical flow (BDOF) may be used as additional or alternative modes. Affine mode may also be referred to as affine motion prediction mode. MVP mode may also be referred to as advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) mode. In this document, motion information candidates derived by some modes and / or some modes may be included as one of the motion information candidates of other modes. For example, an HMVP candidate can be added as a merge candidate in merge / skip mode, or as an mvp candidate in MVP mode. When an HMVP candidate is used as a movement information candidate in merge mode or skip mode, the HMVP candidate may be called an HMVP merge candidate. Prediction mode information indicating the inter-prediction mode of the current block can be signaled from the encoding device to the decoding device. The prediction mode information can be received by the decoding device by being included in a bitstream. The prediction mode information may include index information indicating one of a plurality of candidate modes. Alternatively, the inter-prediction mode may be indicated through hierarchical signaling of flag information. In this case, the prediction mode information may include one or more flags. For example, a skip flag may be signaled to indicate whether skip mode is applied, and if skip mode is not applied, a merge flag may be signaled to indicate whether merge mode is applied, and if merge mode is not applied, MVP mode may be applied, or additional flags for further distinction may be signaled. The affine mode may be signaled as an independent mode, or it may be signaled as a mode dependent on merge mode or MVP mode, etc. For example, the affine mode may include affine merge mode and affine MVP mode. The coding device can derive movement information for the current block (S710). Here, motion information can be derived based on the inter-prediction mode. The coding device can perform inter-prediction using motion information of the current block. The encoding device can derive optimal motion information for the current block through a motion estimation procedure. For example, the encoding device can use the original block within the original picture for the current block to search for similar reference blocks with high correlation in fractional pixel units within a defined search range within the reference picture, thereby deriving motion information. Block similarity can be derived based on the difference between phase-based sample values. For example, block similarity can be calculated based on the SAD between the current block (or the template of the current block) and the reference block (or the template of the reference block). In this case, motion information can be derived based on the reference block with the smallest SAD within the search area. The derived motion information can be signaled to the decoding device according to various methods based on the inter-prediction mode. The coding device can perform inter prediction based on movement information for the current block (S720). The coding device can derive predicted sample(s) for the current block based on motion information. The current block containing the predicted samples can be called the predicted block. Meanwhile, as described above, the quantization unit of the encoding device can derive quantized conversion coefficients by applying quantization to conversion coefficients, and the inverse quantization unit of the encoding device or the inverse quantization unit of the decoding device can derive conversion coefficients by applying inverse quantization to quantized conversion coefficients. In general, in video coding, the quantization rate can be varied, and compression can be adjusted using the changed quantization rate. From an implementation perspective, considering complexity, quantization parameters (QPs) can be used instead of directly using the quantization rate. For example, quantization parameters can be integer values ​​from 0 to 63, and each quantization parameter value can correspond to the actual quantization rate. Quantization parameters (QPs) for the luminance component (luma sample) Y Quantization parameters (QP) for ) and chroma components (chroma samples) C ) can be set differently. The quantization process takes a transformation coefficient (C) as input and a quantization rate (Q step By dividing by ), quantized transformation coefficients (C') can be obtained based on this. In this case, considering computational complexity, the quantization rate can be multiplied by a scale to form an integer, and a shift operation can be performed by the amount corresponding to the scale value. A quantization scale can be derived based on the product of the quantization rate and the scale value. That is, a quantization scale can be derived according to QP. By applying the quantization scale to the transformation coefficients (C), quantized transformation coefficients (C') can also be derived based on this. The inverse quantization process is the reverse process of the quantization process, and the quantization rate (Q) is applied to the quantized transformation coefficients (C'). stepBy multiplying by ), the restored transformation coefficients (C'') can be obtained based on this. In this case, a level scale can be derived depending on the quantization parameter, and by applying the level scale to the quantized transformation coefficients (C'), the restored transformation coefficients (C'') can be derived based on this. The restored transformation coefficients (C'') may differ slightly from the original transformation coefficients (C) due to losses during the transformation and / or quantization process. Therefore, inverse quantization is performed in the encoding device in the same way as in the decoding device. In addition, adaptive frequency-weighted quantization technology, which adjusts the quantization intensity according to frequency, may be applied. Adaptive frequency-weighted quantization is a method of applying different quantization intensities for each frequency. Adaptive frequency-weighted quantization can apply different quantization intensities for each frequency by utilizing a predefined quantization scaling matrix. That is, the aforementioned quantization / de-quantization process can be further performed based on the quantization scaling matrix. For example, different quantization scaling matrices may be used depending on whether the prediction mode applied to the current block to generate the size of the current block and / or the residual signal of the current block is inter-prediction or intra-prediction. The quantization scaling matrix may be referred to as a quantization matrix or a scaling matrix. The quantization scaling matrix may be predefined. Furthermore, for frequency-adaptive scaling, frequency-specific quantization scale information regarding the quantization scaling matrix may be configured / encoded in the encoding device and signaled to the decoding device. Frequency-specific quantization scale information can be referred to as quantization scaling information. Frequency-specific quantization scale information may include scaling list data (scaling_list_data). A (modified) quantization scaling matrix can be derived based on the scaling list data. Additionally, frequency-specific quantization scale information may include present flag information indicating the existence of scaling list data. Alternatively, it may further include information indicating whether scaling list data is modified at a lower level (e.g., PPS or tile group header, etc.) when scaling list data is signaled at a higher level (e.g., SPS). As described above, scaling list data can be signaled to represent a scaling matrix (frequency-based quantization) used for quantization / inverse quantization. Signaling support for default and user-defined scaling matrices exists in the HEVC standard and has now been adopted in the VVC standard. However, in the case of the VVC standard, additional support for signaling the following features has been integrated. - Three modes for the scaling matrix: OFF, DEFAULT, USER_DEFINED - Larger size range for blocks (4x4 to 64x64 for Luma, 2x2 to 32x32 for Chroma) - Rectangle Transformation Blocks (TBs) Dependent quantization - Multiple Transform Selection (MTS) - Large transforms with zeroing-out high frequency coefficients - Intra sub-block partitioning (ISP) - Intra Block Copy (IBC) (also known as current picture referencing (CPR)) - DEFAULT scaling matrix for all TB sizes, default value is 16 It should be noted that the scaling matrix should not be applied to the Transform Skip (TS) and Secondary Transform (ST) for all sizes. The High Level Syntax (HSL) structure for supporting scaling lists in the VVC standard is described in detail below. First, a flag may be signaled via the Sequence Parameter Set (SPS) to indicate that a scaling list is available for the current coded video sequence (CVS) being decoded. Then, if the flag is available, an additional flag may be parsed from the SPS to indicate whether specific data exists in the scaling list. This can be represented as shown in Table 1. Table 1 is excerpted from SPS to explain the scaling list for CVS. The semantics of the syntax elements included in the SPS syntax of Table 1 above can be represented as shown in Table 2 below. Referring to Tables 1 and 2 above, scaling_list_enabled_flag may be signaled from the SPS. For example, if the value of scaling_list_enabled_flag is 1, it may indicate that the scaling list is used in the scaling process for the transformation factor, and if the value of scaling_list_enabled_flag is 0, it may indicate that the scaling list is not used in the scaling process for the transformation factor. In this case, if the value of scaling_list_enabled_flag is 1, sps_scaling_list_data_present_flag may be further signaled from the SPS. For example, if the value of sps_scaling_list_data_present_flag is 1, it may indicate that the scaling_list_data() syntax structure exists in the SPS, and if the value of sps_scaling_list_data_present_flag is 0, it may indicate that the scaling_list_data() syntax structure does not exist in the SPS. If sps_scaling_list_data_present_flag does not exist, the value of sps_scaling_list_data_present_flag can be inferred to be 0. Additionally, flags (e.g., pps_scaling_list_data_present_flag) in the Picture Parameter Set (PPS) may be parsed first. If this flag is available, scaling_list_data() may be parsed from the PPS. If scaling_list_data() exists in the SPS initially and is parsed later in the PPS, the data in the PPS may take precedence over the data in the SPS. Table 3 below is extracted from the PPS to describe the scaling list data. The semantics of the syntax elements included in the PPS syntax of Table 3 above can be represented as shown in Table 4 below. Referring to Tables 3 and 4 above, pps_scaling_list_data_present_flag can be signaled from the PPS. For example, if the value of pps_scaling_list_data_present_flag is 1, it may indicate that the scaling list data used in pictures referencing the PPS is derived based on the scaling list specified by the active SPS and the scaling list specified by the PPS. If the value of pps_scaling_list_data_present_flag is 0, it may indicate that the scaling list data used in pictures referencing the PPS is inferred to be identical to the scaling list specified by the active SPS. In this case, if the value of scaling_list_enabled_flag is 0, the value of pps_scaling_list_data_present_flag must be 0. When the value of scaling_list_enabled_flag is 1, the value of sps_scaling_list_data_present_flag is 0, and the value of pps_scaling_list_data_present_flag is 0, the default scaling list data can be used to derive the ScalingFactor array as described in Scaling List Data Semantics. The scaling list can be defined in the VVC standard for the following quantization matrix sizes. This can be represented as shown in Table 5 below. The range of supported quantization matrices has been extended in the HEVC standard from 4x4, 8x8, 16x16, and 32x32 to include 2x2 and 64x64. Table 5 above defines the sizeId for all quantization matrix sizes used. Using the combinations described above, matrixIds can be assigned for different combinations of sizeId, the prediction mode (CuPredMode) of the coding unit, and color components. Here, the CuPredModes that can be considered may be Inter, Intra, and IBC (Intra Block Copy). Intra mode and IBC mode may be treated identically. Therefore, the same matrixId(s) may exist for a given color component. Here, the color components that can be considered may be Luma (Y) and two color components (Cb and Cr). The assigned matrixIds can be represented as shown in Table 6 below. Table 6 shows the matrixId according to sizeId, prediction mode, and color component. The following Table 7 shows an example of the syntax structure for scaling list data (e.g., scaling_list_data()). The semantics of the syntax elements included in the syntax of Table 7 above can be represented as shown in Table 8 below. Referring to Tables 7 and 8 above, to extract scaling list data (e.g., scaling_list_data()), for all sizeIds from 1 to 6 and matrixIds from 0 to 5, the scaling list data can be applied to 2x2 chroma components and 64x64 luminance components. Then, a flag (e.g., scaling_list_pred_mode_flag) can be parsed to indicate whether the values ​​of the scaling list are the same as the values ​​of the reference scaling list. The reference scaling list can be represented by scaling_list_pred_matrix_id_delta[sizeId][matrixId]. However, if scaling_list_pred_mode_flag[sizeId][matrixId] is 1, the scaling list data can be explicitly signaled. When scaling_list_pred_matrix_id_delta is 0, the DEFAULT mode with default values ​​as shown in Tables 9 to 12 may be used. For other values ​​of scaling_list_pred_matrix_id_delta, refMatrixId may be determined first as shown in the semantics of Table 8 above. In explicit signaling, i.e., in USER_DEFINED mode, the maximum number of coefficients to be signaled can be determined first. For quantization block sizes of 2x2, 4x4, and 8x8, all coefficients can be signaled. For sizes larger than 8x8, i.e., 16x16, 32x32, and 64x64, only 64 coefficients can be signaled. That is, the 8x8 base matrix is ​​signaled, and the remaining coefficients can be upsampled from the base matrix. The following Table 9 is ScalingList

[0001] This is an example showing the default value of [ matrixId ][ i ] (i = 0..3). The following Table 10 is ScalingList

[0002] This is an example showing the default value of [ matrixId ][ i ] (i = 0..15). The following Table 11 is an example showing the default values ​​of ScalingList[ 3..5 ][ matrixId ][ i ] (i = 0..63). The following Table 12 is an example showing the default values ​​of ScalingList

[0006] [ matrixId ][ i ] (i = 0..63). As described above, default scaling list data can be used to derive the Scaling Factor. The 5-dimensional array ScalingFactor[ sizeId ][sizeId][ matrixId ][ x ][ y ] (where x, y = 0..( 1 << sizeId ) - 1) can represent an array of scaling factors according to the variable sizeId shown in Table 5 and the variable matrixId shown in Table 6. Table 13 below shows examples of deriving scaling factors based on the quantization matrix size according to the default scaling list described above. For a square-sized quantization matrix, the 5-dimensional array ScalingFactor[ sizeIdW ][sizeIdH][ matrixId ][ x ][ y ](where x = 0..( 1 << sizeIdW ) - 1, y = 0..( 1 << sizeIdH ) - 1, sizeIdW!=sizeIdH) can represent an array of scaling factors according to the variables sizeIdW and sizeIdH shown in Table 15 below, and can be derived as shown in Table 14 below. A square-sized quantization matrix must be zeroed for samples satisfying the following conditions. - x > 32 - y > 32 - The decoded TU is not encoded in the default conversion mode, and (1<<sizeIdW)==32 및 x > 16 - The decoded TU is not encoded in the default conversion mode, and (1<<sizeIdH)==32 및 y > 16 The following Table 15 is an example showing sizeIdW and sizeIdH according to the quantization matrix size. In addition, as an example, the scaling list data described above (e.g., scaling_list_data()) can be described based on a syntax structure such as Table 16 and semantics such as Table 17. Based on the syntax elements included in the scaling list data (e.g., scaling_list_data()) disclosed in Tables 16 and 17, a scaling list, a scaling matrix, a scaling factor, etc., can be derived as described above, and this process may be applied using the same or similar procedures as Tables 5 to 15 described above. This document proposes a method for efficiently signaling scaling list data when applying adaptive frequency-weighted quantization techniques during the quantization / de-quantization process. Figure 8 illustrates an exemplary hierarchical structure for a coded image / video. Referring to Fig. 8, the coded image / video is divided into a VCL (video coding layer) that handles the decoding processing of the image / video and the image / video itself, a subsystem that transmits and stores the encoded information, and a NAL (network abstraction layer) that exists between the VCL and the subsystem and is responsible for network adaptation functions. In VCL, VCL data containing compressed image data (slice data) can be generated, or parameter sets containing information such as Picture Parameter Set (PPS), Sequence Parameter Set (SPS), and Video Parameter Set (VPS), or SEI (Supplemental Enhancement Information) messages that are additionally required in the decoding process of the image can be generated. In NAL, a NAL unit can be created by adding header information (NAL unit header) to the Raw Byte Sequence Payload (RBSP) generated in VCL. In this case, the RBSP refers to slice data, parameter sets, SEI messages, etc. generated in VCL. The NAL unit header may include NAL unit type information specified according to the RBSP data included in the NAL unit. Additionally, NAL units can be classified into VCL NAL units and Non-VCL NAL units depending on the RBSP generated in VCL. A VCL NAL unit may refer to a NAL unit containing information about an image (slice data), and a Non-VCL NAL unit may refer to a NAL unit containing information necessary to decode an image (parameter set or SEI message). VCL NAL units and Non-VCL NAL units can be transmitted over a network with header information attached according to the data specifications of the underlying system. For example, NAL units can be transformed into a data format of a specified specification, such as H.266 / VVC file format, RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol), TS (Transport Stream), etc., and transmitted over various networks. As described above, the NAL unit type can be determined according to the RBSP data structure included in the NAL unit, and information about this NAL unit type can be stored in the NAL unit header and signaled. For example, NAL units can be broadly classified into VCL NAL unit types and Non-VCL NAL unit types depending on whether they contain information about the image (slice data). VCL NAL unit types can be classified according to the properties and types of the picture included in the VCL NAL unit, while Non-VCL NAL unit types can be classified according to the types of parameter sets. The following is an example of a NAL unit type specified according to the type of parameter set included in the Non-VCL NAL unit type. - APS (Adaptation Parameter Set) NAL unit: Type for the NAL unit containing the APS - DPS (Decoding Parameter Set) NAL unit: Type for the NAL unit containing the DPS - VPS (Video Parameter Set) NAL unit: Type for the NAL unit containing the VPS - SPS (Sequence Parameter Set) NAL unit: Type for the NAL unit containing the SPS - PPS(Picture Parameter Set) NAL unit: Type for the NAL unit containing the PPS - PH (Picture header) NAL unit: Type for NAL unit containing PH The above-described NAL unit types have syntax information for the NAL unit type, and the syntax information can be stored in the NAL unit header and signaled. For example, the syntax information may be nal_unit_type, and the NAL unit types may be specified by the nal_unit_type value. Meanwhile, as described above, a single picture may include multiple slices, and a single slice may include a slice header and slice data. In this case, a picture header may be additionally added for multiple slices (slice header and slice data set) within a single picture. The picture header (picture header syntax) may include information / parameters that can be commonly applied to pictures. In this document, a tile group may be used interchangeably or replaced with a slice or a picture. Additionally, in this document, a tile group header may be used interchangeably or replaced with a slice header or a picture header. A slice header (slice header syntax) may include information / parameters that can be applied commonly to slices. An APS (APS syntax) or PPS (PPS syntax) may include information / parameters that can be applied commonly to one or more slices or pictures. An SPS (SPS syntax) may include information / parameters that can be applied commonly to one or more sequences. A VPS (VPS syntax) may include information / parameters that can be applied commonly to multiple layers. A DPS (DPS syntax) may include information / parameters that can be applied commonly across the video. A DPS may include information / parameters related to the concatenation of a CVS (coded video sequence). In this document, the term High level syntax (HLS) may include at least one of the above APS syntax, PPS syntax, SPS syntax, VPS syntax, DPS syntax, picture header syntax, and slice header syntax. In this document, the video information encoded from an encoding device to a decoding device and signaled in the form of a bitstream includes not only information related to picture partitioning, intra / inter prediction information, residual information, and in-loop filtering information, but may also include information included in the slice header, information included in the picture header, information included in the APS, information included in the PPS, information included in the SPS, information included in the VPS, and / or information included in the DPS. Additionally, the video information may further include information from the NAL unit header. Meanwhile, the Adaptation Parameter Set (APS) is used in the VVC standard to transmit information for the Adaptive Loop Filter (ALF) and Luma Mapping with Chroma Scaling (LMCS) procedures. Additionally, the APS has an extensible structure that allows it to be used to transmit other data structures (i.e., other syntax structures). Accordingly, this document proposes a method for parsing / signaling scaling list data used for frequency-weighted quantization through the APS. As described above, the scaling list data is quantization scale information for frequency-weighted quantization that can be applied in the quantization / de-quantization process, and may be a list that associates a scale factor with each frequency index. In one example, the following Table 18 shows an example of an adaptation parameter set (APS) structure used to transmit scaling list data. The semantics of the syntax elements included in the APS syntax of Table 18 above can be represented as shown in Table 19 below. Referring to Tables 18 and 19 above, the adaptation_parameter_set_id syntax element can be parsed / signaled in the APS. adaptation_parameter_set_id provides an identifier for the APS for reference by other syntax elements. That is, the APS can be identified based on the adaptation_parameter_set_id syntax element. The adaptation_parameter_set_id syntax element can be referred to as APS ID information. The APS can be shared between pictures and may differ within different tile groups within a picture. Additionally, the aps_params_type syntax element can be parsed / signaled in the APS. aps_params_type can indicate the type of APS parameters transmitted in the APS as shown in Table 20 below. The aps_params_type syntax element may be referred to as APS parameter type information or APS type information. For example, the following Table 20 is an example showing the types of APS parameters that can be transmitted via APS, and each APS parameter type can be represented by a value of aps_params_type. Referring to Table 20 above, aps_params_type may be a syntax element for classifying the type of the corresponding APS. If the value of aps_params_type is 0, the corresponding APS type may be ALF_APS, and the corresponding APS may carry ALF data, and the ALF data may include ALF parameters for deriving filters / filter coefficients. If the value of aps_params_type is 1, the corresponding APS type may be LMCS_APS, and the corresponding APS may carry LMCS data, and the LMCS data may include LMCS parameters for deriving LMCS models / bins / mapping indices. If the value of aps_params_type is 2, the corresponding APS type may be SCALING_APS, and the corresponding APS may carry SCALING list data, and the SCALING list data may include scaling list data parameters for deriving the values ​​of a frequency-based quantization scaling matrix / scaling factor / scaling list. For example, as shown in Table 18 above, the aps_params_type syntax element in APS can be parsed / signaled, and when aps_params_type indicates a value of 0 (i.e., when aps_params_type indicates ALF_APS), ALF data (i.e., alf_data()) can be parsed / signaled. Or, when aps_params_type indicates a value of 1 (i.e., when aps_params_type indicates LMCS_APS), LMCS data (i.e., lmcs_data()) can be parsed / signaled. Or, when aps_params_type indicates a value of 2 (i.e., when aps_params_type indicates SCALING_APS), scaling list data (i.e., scaling_list_data()) can be parsed / signaled. Additionally, referring to Tables 18 and 19 above, the aps_extension_flag syntax element can be parsed / signaled in the APS. aps_extension_flag can indicate whether the APS extension data flag (aps_extension_data_flag) syntax elements exist. aps_extension_flag can be used, for example, to provide extension points for later versions of the VVC standard. The aps_extension_flag syntax element can be called the APS extension flag. For example, if the value of aps_extension_flag is 0, it may indicate that the APS extension data flag (aps_extension_data_flag) does not exist in the APS RBSP syntax structure. Or, if the value of aps_extension_flag is 1, it may indicate that the APS extension data flag (aps_extension_data_flag) exists in the APS RBSP syntax structure. The aps_extension_data_flag syntax element can be parsed / signaled based on the aps_extension_flag syntax element. The aps_extension_data_flag syntax element can be called the APS extension data flag. For example, if the value of aps_extension_flag is 1, aps_extension_data_flag can be parsed / signaled, where aps_extension_data_flag can have any value. As described above, according to one embodiment of this document, scaling list data can be efficiently carried by allocating a data type (e.g., SCALING_APS) to represent scaling list data and parsing / signaling a syntax element (e.g., aps_params_type) representing the data type. That is, according to one embodiment of this document, a structure of an APS that integrates scaling list data can be used. Meanwhile, in the current VVC standard, the use of scaling list data (i.e., scaling_list_data()) can first be indicated based on whether a flag (i.e., sps_scaling_list_enabled_flag) indicating the availability of scaling list data exists in the Sequence Parameter Set (SPS). If the said flag (i.e., sps_scaling_list_enabled_flag) is enabled (i.e., indicating that scaling list data is available, which is 1 or true), another flag (i.e., sps_scaling_list_data_present_flag) can be parsed. Additionally, if sps_scaling_list_data_present_flag is enabled (i.e., indicating that scaling list data exists in the SPS, which is 1 or true), scaling list data (i.e., scaling_list_data()) can be parsed. In other words, in the current VVC standard, scaling list data is signaled in the SPS. In this case, since the SPS enables session negotiation and is generally transmitted out-of-band, it may be unnecessary to transmit scaling list data as information related to determining the scaling factor of the transform block, which can be used during the decoding process. If the decoder transmits scaling list data in the SPS, it needs to allocate a significant amount of memory to store information obtained from the scaling list data and also needs to retain said information until it is used in the decoding of the transform block. Therefore, this process may be unnecessary at the SPS level, and parsing / signaling at a lower level may be more effective. Accordingly, this document proposes a hierarchical structure to effectively parse / signal scaling list data. In one embodiment, scaling list data is not parsed / signaled from the upper-level syntax SPS, but can be parsed / signaled from the lower-level syntax PPS, tile group header, slice header, and / or other appropriate headers. For example, SPS syntax can be modified as shown in Table 21 below. Table 21 below shows an example of SPS syntax to explain the scaling list for CVS. The semantics of the syntax elements included in the SPS syntax of Table 21 above can be represented as shown in Table 22 below. Referring to Tables 21 and 22 above, the scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element can be parsed / signaled in SPS. The scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element can indicate whether the scaling list is available based on whether its value is 0 or 1. For example, if the value of scaling_list_enabled_flag is 1, it indicates that the scaling list is used in the scaling process for the transformation factor, and if the value of scaling_list_enabled_flag is 0, it indicates that the scaling list is not used in the scaling process for the transformation factor. That is, the scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element can be called the scaling list enable flag and can be signaled at the SPS (or SPS level). In other words, based on the value of scaling_list_enabled_flag signaled at the SPS level, it can be determined by default that the scaling list is enabled for pictures within the CVS referencing that SPS. Additionally, the scaling list can be obtained by signaling an additional enable flag at a level lower than the SPS (e.g., PPS, tile group header, slice header, and / or other appropriate header). As described above, according to one embodiment of this document, the SPS level may be configured to explicitly signal only the scaling list enable flag (scaling_list_enabled_flag) rather than directly signaling the scaling list (scaling_list_data()). Subsequently, the scaling list (scaling_list_data()) can be parsed individually in lower-level syntax based on the enable flag (scaling_list_enabled_flag) in the SPS. Therefore, according to one embodiment of this document, since the scaling list data can be parsed / signaled according to a hierarchical structure, coding efficiency can be further improved. Meanwhile, the existence and usage of scaling list data are conditioned by the presence of a tool enabling flag. Here, the tool enabling flag may be information indicating whether to enable the corresponding tool, and may, for example, include the `scaling_list_enabled_flag` syntax element. That is, the `scaling_list_enabled_flag` syntax element can be used to indicate whether to enable the scaling list by indicating the availability of the scaling list data. However, this tool must have syntactic constraints on the decoder. Specifically, this tool must have a constraint flag that informs the decoder that it is not currently being used to decode the coded video sequence (CVS). Therefore, this document proposes a method for applying a constraint flag to scaling list data. In one example, the following Table 23 shows an example of syntax for signaling scaling list data using limit flags (e.g., general limit information syntax). The semantics of the syntax elements included in the syntax of Table 23 above can be represented as shown in Table 24 below. Referring to Tables 23 and 24 above, constraint flags can be parsed / signaled through general_constraint_info(). general_constraint_info() may be referred to as general constraint information fields or information regarding constraint flags. For example, the no_scaling_list_constraint_flag syntax element may be used as a constraint flag. Here, constraint flags may be used to specify conformance bitstream properties. For example, if the value of the no_scaling_list_constraint_flag syntax element is 1, it indicates a bitstream conformance requirement where scaling_list_enabled_flag must be set to 0, and if the value of the no_scaling_list_constraint_flag syntax element is 0, it indicates no constraint. Meanwhile, as described above, according to the embodiment of this document, scaling list data can be transmitted through a hierarchical structure. Accordingly, this document proposes a structure for scaling list data that can be parsed / signaled through a slice header. Here, the slice header may be referred to as a tile group header, or may be used interchangeably or replaced with a picture header. In one embodiment, the following Table 25 shows an example of slice header syntax for signaling scaling list data. The semantics of the syntax elements included in the slice header syntax of Table 25 above can be represented as shown in Table 26 below. Referring to Tables 25 and 26 above, the slice_pic_parameter_set_id syntax element can be parsed / signaled in the slice header. The slice_pic_parameter_set_id syntax element may represent an identifier for the PPS in use. That is, the slice_pic_parameter_set_id syntax element is information for identifying the PPS referenced by the slice, and may represent the value of pps_pic_parameter_set_id. The value of slice_pic_parameter_set_id must be within the range of 0 to 63. The slice_pic_parameter_set_id syntax element may be referred to as PPS identification information or PPS ID information referenced by the slice. Additionally, the slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element can be parsed / signaled in the slice header. The slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element can indicate whether a scaling list is available in the current slice. For example, if the value of slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag is 1, it may indicate that a scaling list is available in the current slice, and if the value of slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag is 0, it may indicate that a scaling list is not available in the current slice. Alternatively, if slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag does not exist in the slice header, its value can be inferred as 0. In this case, the slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element may be parsed based on the scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element signaled in the upper-level syntax (i.e., SPS). For example, if the value of scaling_list_enabled_flag signaled in the SPS is 1 (i.e., if the upper level determines that the scaling list data is available), the slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag in the slice header may be parsed to determine whether to perform the scaling process using the scaling list in the slice. Additionally, the slice_scaling_list_aps_id syntax element in the slice header can be parsed / signaled. The slice_scaling_list_aps_id syntax element may represent an identifier for the APS referenced by the slice. That is, the slice_scaling_list_aps_id syntax element may represent the ID information (adaptation_parameter_set_id) of the APS containing the scaling list data referenced by the slice. Meanwhile, the TemporalId (i.e., Temporal ID) of the APS NAL unit (i.e., the APS NAL unit containing the scaling list data) having the same APS ID information (adaptation_parameter_set_id) as slice_scaling_list_aps_id must be less than or equal to the TemporalId (i.e., Temporal ID) of the coded slice NAL unit. Additionally, the parsing of the slice_scaling_list_aps_id syntax element can be determined based on the slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element. For example, if the value of slice_scaling_list_aps_id is 1 (i.e., if the scaling list is determined to be available in the slice header), slice_scaling_list_aps_id can be parsed. Subsequently, scaling list data can be obtained from the APS indicated by the parsed slice_scaling_list_aps_id. In addition, when multiple SCALING DATA APS (multiple APS containing scaling list data) having the same APS ID information (adaptation_parameter_set_id) are referenced by two or more slices within the same picture, the multiple SCALING DATA APS having the same APS ID information (adaptation_parameter_set_id) must contain the same content. In addition, if the aforementioned syntax elements exist, the values ​​of the slice header syntax elements slice_pic_parameter_set_id, slice_pic_order_cnt_lsb, and slice_temporal_mvp_enabled_flag, respectively, must be identical across all slice headers within the picture being coded. As described above, according to one embodiment of the present document, a hierarchical structure may be used to efficiently signal scaling list data. That is, an availability flag (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) indicating the availability of scaling list data is first signaled at a higher level (SPS syntax), and then an additional availability flag (e.g., slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag) is signaled at a lower level (e.g., slice header, picture header, etc.), thereby determining whether to use scaling list data at each lower level. Additionally, APS ID information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_aps_id) referenced by the corresponding slice or tile group is signaled through the lower level (e.g., slice header, picture header, etc.), and scaling list data can be derived from the APS identified by the APS ID information. In addition, when signaling scaling list data according to a hierarchical structure, this document may be applied as in the method proposed in Tables 25 and 26 above, or the scaling list data may be transmitted through the structure of a slice header as in Table 27 below. In one embodiment, the following Table 27 shows an example of slice header syntax for signaling scaling list data. Here, the slice header may be referred to as a tile group header, or may be used interchangeably or replaced with a picture header. The semantics of the syntax elements included in the slice header syntax of Table 27 above can be represented as shown in Table 28 below. Referring to Tables 27 and 28 above, the slice_pic_parameter_set_id syntax element can be parsed / signaled in the slice header. The slice_pic_parameter_set_id syntax element may represent an identifier for the PPS in use. That is, the slice_pic_parameter_set_id syntax element is information for identifying the PPS referenced by the slice, and may represent the value of pps_pic_parameter_set_id. The value of slice_pic_parameter_set_id must be within the range of 0 to 63. The slice_pic_parameter_set_id syntax element may be referred to as PPS identification information or PPS ID information referenced by the slice. Additionally, the slice_scaling_list_aps_id syntax element can be parsed / signaled from the slice header. The slice_scaling_list_aps_id syntax element may represent an identifier for the APS referenced by the slice. That is, the slice_scaling_list_aps_id syntax element may represent the ID information (adaptation_parameter_set_id) of the APS containing the scaling list data referenced by the slice. For example, the TemporalId (i.e., Temporal ID) of the APS NAL unit (i.e., the APS NAL unit containing the scaling list data) having the same APS ID information (adaptation_parameter_set_id) as slice_scaling_list_aps_id must be less than or equal to the TemporalId (i.e., Temporal ID) of the slice NAL unit being coded. At this time, the parsing of the slice_scaling_list_aps_id syntax element can be determined based on the scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element signaled by the upper-level syntax (i.e., SPS). For example, if the value of scaling_list_enabled_flag signaled by the SPS is 1 (i.e., if the scaling list data is determined to be available at the upper level), the slice_scaling_list_aps_id can be parsed from the slice header. Subsequently, the scaling list data can be obtained from the APS indicated by the parsed slice_scaling_list_aps_id. That is, according to the present embodiment, an APS ID containing scaling list data can be parsed when a corresponding flag (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) within the SPS is enabled, so as shown in Table 25 above, information on an APS ID (e.g., slice_scaling_list_aps_id) containing scaling list data to be referenced at a corresponding lower level (e.g., slice header or picture header) can be parsed based on the scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element signaled at the upper level syntax (i.e., SPS). In addition, this document proposes a method for using multiple APSs to signal scaling list data. Below, a method for efficiently signaling multiple APS IDs containing scaling list data is described according to one embodiment of this document. This method may be useful during bitstream merging. In one embodiment, the following Table 29 shows an example of slice header syntax for signaling scaling list data using a plurality of APSs. Here, the slice header may be referred to as a tile group header, or may be used interchangeably or replaced with a picture header. The semantics of the syntax elements included in the slice header syntax of Table 29 above can be represented as shown in Table 30 below. Referring to Tables 29 and 30 above, the slice_pic_parameter_set_id syntax element can be parsed / signaled in the slice header. The slice_pic_parameter_set_id syntax element may represent an identifier for the PPS in use. That is, the slice_pic_parameter_set_id syntax element is information for identifying the PPS referenced by the slice, and may represent the value of pps_pic_parameter_set_id. The value of slice_pic_parameter_set_id must be within the range of 0 to 63. The slice_pic_parameter_set_id syntax element may be referred to as PPS identification information or PPS ID information referenced by the slice. Additionally, the slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element can be parsed / signaled in the slice header. The slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element can indicate whether a scaling list is available in the current slice. For example, if the value of slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag is 1, it may indicate that a scaling list is available in the current slice, and if the value of slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag is 0, it may indicate that a scaling list is not available in the current slice. Alternatively, if slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag does not exist in the slice header, its value can be inferred as 0. In this case, the slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element may be parsed based on the scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element signaled in the upper-level syntax (i.e., SPS). For example, if the value of scaling_list_enabled_flag signaled in the SPS is 1 (i.e., if the upper level determines that the scaling list data is available), the slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag in the slice header may be parsed to determine whether to perform the scaling process using the scaling list in the slice. Additionally, the num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 syntax element may be parsed / signaled in the slice header. The num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 syntax element may be information for indicating the number of APS containing scaling list data referenced by the slice. For example, the value of the num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 syntax element plus 1 may be the number of APS. The value of num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 must be within the range of 0 to 7. Here, the parsing of the num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 syntax element can be determined based on the slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag syntax element. For example, if the value of slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag is 1 (i.e., if it is determined that scaling list data is available in that slice), num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 can be parsed. In this case, the slice_scaling_list_aps_id[ i ] syntax element can be parsed / signaled based on the value of num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1. That is, slice_scaling_list_aps_id[ i ] can represent the identifier (adaptation_parameter_set_id) of the APS containing the i-th scaling list data (i.e., the i-th SCALING LIST APS). In other words, APS ID information can be signaled as many times as the number of APS indicated by the num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 syntax element. Meanwhile, the TemporalId (i.e., Temporal ID) of the APS NAL unit (i.e., the APS NAL unit containing the scaling list data) having the same APS ID information (adaptation_parameter_set_id) as slice_scaling_list_aps_id[ i ] must be less than or equal to the TemporalId (i.e., Temporal ID) of the slice NAL unit being coded. In addition, when multiple SCALING DATA APS (multiple APS containing scaling list data) having the same APS ID information (adaptation_parameter_set_id) are referenced by two or more slices within the same picture, the multiple SCALING DATA APS having the same APS ID information (adaptation_parameter_set_id) must contain the same content. The following drawings are prepared to illustrate a specific example of this document. The names of specific devices or specific terms and names (e.g., names of syntax / syntax elements, etc.) described in the drawings are presented for illustrative purposes only, and therefore, the technical features of this document are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings. FIGS. 9 and 10 schematically illustrate an example of a video / image encoding method and related components according to the embodiment(s) of the present document. The method disclosed in FIG. 9 can be performed by the encoding device (200) disclosed in FIG. 2. Specifically, step S900 of FIG. 9 can be performed by the subtraction unit (231) disclosed in FIG. 2, step S910 of FIG. 9 can be performed by the conversion unit (232) disclosed in FIG. 2, step S920 of FIG. 9 can be performed by the quantization unit (233) disclosed in FIG. 2, and steps S930 to S940 of FIG. 9 can be performed by the entropy encoding unit (240) disclosed in FIG. 2. In addition, the method disclosed in FIG. 9 can be performed by including the embodiments described above in this document. Accordingly, in FIG. 9, specific descriptions regarding content that overlaps with the embodiments described above will be omitted or simplified. Referring to FIG. 9, the encoding device can derive residual samples for the current block (S900). In one embodiment, the encoding device may first determine a prediction mode for the current block and derive prediction samples. For example, the encoding device may determine whether to perform inter-prediction or intra-prediction on the current block, and may also determine a specific inter-prediction mode or a specific intra-prediction mode based on RD cost. The encoding device may derive prediction samples for the current block by performing a prediction according to the determined prediction mode. At this time, various prediction methods disclosed in this document, such as inter-prediction or intra-prediction, may be applied. Additionally, the encoding device may generate and encode information related to the prediction applied to the current block (e.g., prediction mode information). Furthermore, the encoding device may derive residual samples by comparing the original samples and prediction samples for the current block. The encoding device can derive transformation coefficients based on residual samples (S910). In one embodiment, the encoding device may perform a transformation process on residual samples to derive transformation coefficients. At this time, the encoding device may determine whether to apply the transformation to the current block by considering coding efficiency. That is, the encoding device may determine whether the transformation is applied to the residual samples. For example, if the transformation is not applied to the residual samples, the encoding device may derive the residual samples as transformation coefficients. Alternatively, if the transformation is applied to the residual samples, the encoding device may perform the transformation on the residual samples to derive the transformation coefficients. In this case, the encoding device may generate and encode transformation skip flag information based on whether the transformation is applied to the current block. The transformation skip flag information may be information indicating whether the transformation has been applied to the current block or whether the transformation has been skipped. The encoding device can derive quantized conversion coefficients based on the conversion coefficients (S920). In one embodiment, the encoding device may perform a quantization process on the transformation coefficients to derive the quantized transformation coefficients. In this case, the encoding device may apply frequency-weighted quantization that adjusts the quantization intensity according to frequency. In this case, the quantization process may be further performed based on the frequency-weighted quantization scale value. The quantization scale value for frequency-weighted quantization may be derived using a scaling matrix. For example, the encoding device / decoding device may use a predefined scaling matrix, or the encoding device may configure frequency-weighted quantization scale information for the scaling matrix, encode it, and signal it to the decoding device. The frequency-weighted quantization scale information may include scaling list data. A (modified) scaling matrix may be derived based on the scaling list data. Additionally, the encoding device can perform the inverse quantization process in the same way as the decoding device. In this case, the encoding device derives a (modified) scaling matrix based on the scaling list data and applies inverse quantization to the quantized transformation coefficients based on this matrix to derive the restored transformation coefficients. At this time, the restored transformation coefficients may differ from the original transformation coefficients due to losses during the transformation / quantization process. Here, the scaling matrix may refer to the frequency-based quantization scaling matrix described above, and for convenience of explanation, it may be used interchangeably or substituted with terms such as quantization scaling matrix, quantization matrix, scaling matrix, scaling list, etc., and is not limited to the specific names used in this embodiment. That is, the encoding device may further apply frequency-weighted quantization when performing the quantization process, and at this time, can generate scaling list data as information for the scaling matrix. Since this process has been specifically explained with reference to Tables 5 through 17, redundant content or specific explanations will be omitted in this embodiment. The encoding device can generate residual information and an adaptation parameter set (APS) for the quantized transformation coefficients (S930). Here, residual information is information generated through a transformation and / or quantization procedure and may be information regarding quantized transformation coefficients, and may include, for example, information such as value information, position information, transformation technique, transformation kernel, and quantization parameter of the quantized transformation coefficients. In addition, if frequency-weighted quantization is further applied when deriving quantized transformation coefficients during the quantization process, scaling list data may be generated. In this case, the encoding device may generate information related to the scaling list data, and, for example, may generate an APS containing the scaling list data. In one embodiment, the APS may include APS ID information and APS type information. The APS ID information represents an APS identifier, and the APS type information may indicate that the APS is an APS related to scaling list data. The APS may include scaling list data based on the APS type information. The encoding device can encode image information (or video information) (S940). Here, the image information may include the residual information. Additionally, the image information may include the APS. Additionally, the image information may include information related to the prediction (e.g., prediction mode information). Additionally, the image information may include information related to the scaling list data. That is, the image information may include various information derived during the encoding process, and may be encoded by including such various information. In one embodiment, the image information may include various information according to the embodiment(s) described above in this document, and may include information disclosed in at least one of Tables 1 to 30 described above. For example, image information may include an adaptation parameter set (APS). The APS may include APS ID information (APS identification information) and APS type information (type information of APS parameters). Additionally, the APS may include scaling list data based on the APS type information. As described above, the scaling list data may include scaling list parameters for deriving the scaling list, scaling matrix, and scale factor used in the quantization / de-quantization process. In other words, the scaling list data may include syntax elements used to construct the scaling list. For example, the APS may be configured as shown in Table 18 above. The APS ID information (APS identification information) may be the adaptation_parameter_set_id described in Tables 18 and 19 above. The APS type information may be the aps_params_type described in Tables 18 through 20 above. For example, if the type information of the APS parameters (e.g., aps_params_type) is a SCALING_APS type indicating that the APS contains scaling list data (or if the value of the type information of the APS parameters (e.g., aps_params_type) is 2), the APS may contain scaling list data (e.g., scaling_list_data()). That is, the encoding device may signal scaling list data (e.g., scaling_list_data()) through the APS based on the SCALING_APS type information indicating that the APS contains scaling list data. Additionally, for example, image information may include header information. The header information may be header information related to a slice or picture containing the current block, and may include, for example, a picture header or a slice header. The header information may include APS ID information related to scaling list data referenced by the slice or picture related to the header information. The APS ID information related to scaling list data included in the header information may represent ID information of an APS containing scaling list data. For example, the APS ID information related to scaling list data included in the header information may be slice_scaling_list_aps_id described in Tables 25 to 28 above, and may be identification information for an APS (containing scaling list data) referenced by the slice / picture containing the current block. That is, based on the APS ID information related to scaling list data, an APS containing scaling list data can be identified. Additionally, for example, image information may include header information, and may include, for example, a slice header or picture header related to a slice or picture containing the current block. The header information may include APS ID count information indicating the number of APS ID information related to scaling list data. In this case, the header information may include multiple APS ID information related to scaling list data based on the said APS ID count information. That is, the header information may include APS ID information related to scaling list data equal to the number of APS IDs derived based on the said APS ID count information. For example, the APS ID count information may be num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 as described in Tables 29 and 30 above. As described in Table 29, the value of num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 plus 1 may be the APS ID count. Accordingly, slice_scaling_list_aps_id equal to the APS ID count (value of num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 plus 1) may be included in the header information. Additionally, for example, the image information may include a Sequence Parameter Set (SPS). The SPS may include first availability flag information indicating whether the scaling list data is available. For example, the SPS may be configured as described in Table 21 above, and the first availability flag information may be the scaling_list_enabled_flag described in Tables 21 and 22. At this time, based on a first availability flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) indicating that scaling list data is available (e.g., when the value of the first availability flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) is 1 or true), the header information may include APS ID information related to scaling list data (e.g., slice_scaling_list_aps_id). For example, the encoding device may signal the ID information of an APS containing scaling list data (e.g., slice_scaling_list_aps_id) through the header information based on the first availability flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) as described in Tables 25 and 27 above. Additionally, for example, the header information may include second availability flag information indicating whether scaling list data is available in a picture or slice. For example, the second availability flag information may be slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag described in Tables 25 and 26. At this time, based on a first availability flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) indicating that scaling list data is available (e.g., when the value of the first availability flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) is 1 or true), the header information may include a second availability flag information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag). And, based on the second availability flag information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag) (e.g., when the value of the second availability flag information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag) is 1 or true), the header information may include APS ID information related to scaling list data (e.g., slice_scaling_list_aps_id). For example, the encoding device can signal a second available flag information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag) through header information based on a first available flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) signaled in the SPS as described in Table 25 above, and then signal scaling list data related APS ID information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_aps_id) through header information based on the second available flag information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag). Additionally, for example, image information may include restriction flag information regarding the use of the first available flag information. For example, the restriction flag information may be no_scaling_list_constraint_flag described in Tables 23 and 24 above. The restriction flag information (e.g., no_scaling_list_constraint_flag) may be included in and signaled by general restriction information syntax (e.g., general_constraint_info()). For example, a restriction may be applied through the general restriction information syntax (e.g., general_constraint_info()) such that when the value of the restriction flag information (e.g., no_scaling_list_constraint_flag) is 1, the value of the first available flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) is set to 0. Alternatively, if the value of the restriction flag information (e.g., no_scaling_list_constraint_flag) is 0, it may indicate that there is no restriction on the first available flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag). Video information containing various information as described above can be encoded and output in the form of a bitstream. The bitstream can be transmitted to a decoding device via a network or a (digital) storage medium. Here, the network may include a broadcasting network and / or a communication network, etc., and the digital storage medium may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, SSD, etc. FIGS. 11 and 12 schematically illustrate an example of a video / image decoding method and related components according to the embodiment(s) of the present document. The method disclosed in FIG. 11 can be performed by the decoding device (300) disclosed in FIG. 3. Specifically, steps S1100 to S1110 of FIG. 11 can be performed by the entropy decoding unit (310) disclosed in FIG. 3, steps S1120 to S1130 of FIG. 11 can be performed by the inverse quantization unit (321) disclosed in FIG. 3, step S1140 of FIG. 11 can be performed by the inverse transformation unit (321) disclosed in FIG. 3, and step S1150 of FIG. 11 can be performed by the addition unit (340) disclosed in FIG. 3. In addition, the method disclosed in FIG. 11 can be performed by including the embodiments described above in this document. Accordingly, in FIG. 11, specific descriptions regarding content that overlaps with the embodiments described above will be omitted or simplified. Referring to FIG. 11, the decoding device can obtain image information (or video information) from the bitstream (S1100). In one embodiment, a decoding device can parse a bitstream to derive information (e.g., video / image information) necessary for image restoration (or picture restoration). In this case, the image information may include residual information, and the residual information may include information such as value information of quantized transform coefficients, position information, transformation technique, transformation kernel, and quantization parameter. Additionally, the image information may include an adaptation parameter set (APS). Additionally, the image information may include information related to scaling list data. Additionally, the image information may include information related to prediction (e.g., prediction mode information). That is, the image information may include various information necessary during the decoding process and may be decoded based on coding methods such as exponential coding, CAVLC, or CABAC. In one embodiment, the image information may include various information according to the embodiment(s) described above in this document, and may include information disclosed in at least one of Tables 1 to 30 described above. For example, image information may include an adaptation parameter set (APS). The APS may include APS ID information (APS identification information) and APS type information (type information of APS parameters). The APS ID information represents an APS identifier, and the APS type information may indicate that the APS is an APS related to scaling list data. Additionally, the APS may include scaling list data based on the APS type information. As described above, the scaling list data may include scaling list parameters for deriving the scaling list, scaling matrix, and scale factor used in the quantization / de-quantization process. In other words, the scaling list data may include syntax elements used to construct the scaling list. For example, the APS can be configured as shown in Table 18 above. The APS ID information (APS identification information) may be the adaptation_parameter_set_id described in Tables 18 and 19 above. The APS type information may be the aps_params_type described in Tables 18 through 20 above. For example, if the type information of the APS parameters (e.g., aps_params_type) is a SCALING_APS type indicating that the APS contains scaling list data (or if the value of the type information of the APS parameters (e.g., aps_params_type) is 2), the APS may contain scaling list data (e.g., scaling_list_data()). That is, the decoding device can obtain and parse the scaling list data (e.g., scaling_list_data()) through the APS based on the SCALING_APS type information indicating that the APS contains scaling list data. Additionally, for example, the image information may include header information. The header information may be header information related to a slice or picture containing the current block, and may include, for example, a picture header or a slice header. The header information may include APS ID information related to scaling list data referenced by the slice or picture related to the header information. The APS ID information related to scaling list data included in the header information may represent ID information of an APS containing scaling list data. For example, the APS ID information related to scaling list data included in the header information may be slice_scaling_list_aps_id described in Tables 25 to 28 above, and may be identification information for an APS (containing scaling list data) referenced by the slice / picture containing the current block. That is, the decoding device obtains header information included in the image information from the bitstream and can identify an APS containing scaling list data based on the APS ID information related to scaling list data of the header information. Then, it can obtain scaling list data from the identified APS. Additionally, for example, image information may include header information, and may include, for example, a slice header or picture header related to a slice or picture containing the current block. The header information may include APS ID count information indicating the number of APS ID information related to scaling list data. In this case, the header information may include multiple APS ID information related to scaling list data based on the said APS ID count information. That is, the header information may include APS ID information related to scaling list data equal to the number of APS IDs derived based on the said APS ID count information. For example, the APS ID count information may be num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 as described in Tables 29 and 30 above. As described in Table 29, the value of num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 plus 1 may be the APS ID count. Accordingly, slice_scaling_list_aps_id equal to the APS ID count (value of num_scaling_list_aps_ids_minus1 plus 1) may be included in the header information. Additionally, for example, the image information may include a Sequence Parameter Set (SPS). The SPS may include first availability flag information indicating whether the scaling list data is available. For example, the SPS may be configured as described in Table 21 above, and the first availability flag information may be the scaling_list_enabled_flag described in Tables 21 and 22. At this time, based on a first availability flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) indicating that scaling list data is available (e.g., when the value of the first availability flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) is 1 or true), the header information may include APS ID information related to scaling list data (e.g., slice_scaling_list_aps_id). For example, as shown in Tables 25 and 27 described above, the decoding device may obtain ID information of an APS containing scaling list data (e.g., slice_scaling_list_aps_id) through the header information based on the first availability flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag). Additionally, for example, the header information may include second availability flag information indicating whether scaling list data is available in a picture or slice. For example, the second availability flag information may be slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag described in Tables 25 and 26. At this time, based on a first availability flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) indicating that scaling list data is available (e.g., when the value of the first availability flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) is 1 or true), the header information may include a second availability flag information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag). And, based on the second availability flag information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag) (e.g., when the value of the second availability flag information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag) is 1 or true), the header information may include APS ID information related to scaling list data (e.g., slice_scaling_list_aps_id). For example, the decoding device can obtain second available flag information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag) through header information based on first available flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) signaled in the SPS as described in Table 25 above, and then obtain scaling list data related APS ID information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_aps_id) through header information based on second available flag information (e.g., slice_scaling_list_enabled_flag). Additionally, for example, image information may include restriction flag information regarding the use of the first available flag information. For example, the restriction flag information may be no_scaling_list_constraint_flag described in Tables 23 and 24 above. The restriction flag information (e.g., no_scaling_list_constraint_flag) may be included in and signaled by general restriction information syntax (e.g., general_constraint_info()). For example, a restriction may be applied through the general restriction information syntax (e.g., general_constraint_info()) such that when the value of the restriction flag information (e.g., no_scaling_list_constraint_flag) is 1, the value of the first available flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag) is set to 0. Alternatively, if the value of the restriction flag information (e.g., no_scaling_list_constraint_flag) is 0, it may indicate that there is no restriction on the first available flag information (e.g., scaling_list_enabled_flag). The decoding device can derive quantized transformation coefficients for the current block based on residual information (S1110). In one embodiment, a decoding device can acquire residual information included in image information. As described above, the residual information may include information such as value information of quantized transform coefficients, position information, a transform technique, a transform kernel, and quantization parameters. The decoding device can derive quantized transform coefficients for the current block based on the quantized transform coefficient information included in the residual information. The decoding device can derive scaling list data based on APS (S1120). In one embodiment, the decoding device can acquire an APS included in image information and acquire scaling list data based on APS type information included in the APS. For example, the decoding device can acquire scaling list data included in the APS based on SCALING_ APS type information indicating that the APS includes scaling list data. At this time, when deriving scaling list data, the decoding device may determine whether to apply frequency-weighted quantization during the inverse quantization process (i.e., whether to derive transformation coefficients using the (frequency-based quantization) scaling list during the inverse quantization process). For example, the decoding device may determine whether to use scaling list data based on a first available flag obtained from the SPS included in the image information and / or a second available flag obtained from the header information included in the image information. If it is determined to use scaling list data based on the first available flag and / or the second available flag information, the decoding device may obtain APS ID information related to scaling list data included in the header information and derive scaling list data from the APS identified by the said APS ID information related to scaling list data. The decoding device can derive the transformation coefficients by performing an inverse quantization process on the quantized transformation coefficients based on the scaling list data (S1130). In one embodiment, the decoding device may derive transform coefficients by performing an inverse quantization process on the quantized transform coefficients. In this case, the decoding device may apply frequency-weighted quantization that adjusts the quantization intensity according to frequency. In this case, the inverse quantization process may be further performed based on frequency-weighted quantization scale values. Quantization scale values ​​for frequency-weighted quantization may be derived using a scaling matrix. For example, the decoding device may use a predefined scaling matrix or frequency-weighted quantization scale information for a scaling matrix signaled from the encoding device. Frequency-weighted quantization scale information may include scaling list data. A (modified) scaling matrix may be derived based on the scaling list data. That is, the decoding device may further apply frequency-weighted quantization when performing the inverse quantization process. At this time, the decoding device can derive transformation coefficients by applying the inverse quantization process to the quantized transformation coefficients based on the scaling list data. In this case, the decoding device can derive a scaling matrix based on the scaling list data, derive a scaling factor based on the scaling matrix, and derive transformation coefficients by performing inverse quantization based on the scaling factor. Since the process of performing scaling based on such scaling list data has been specifically explained with examples in Tables 5 to 17, redundant content or specific explanations will be omitted in this embodiment. The decoding device can derive residual samples based on the conversion coefficients (S1140). In one embodiment, the decoding device can derive residual samples of the current block by performing an inverse transformation process on the transformation coefficients for the current block. At this time, the decoding device obtains information indicating whether to apply an inverse transformation to the current block (i.e., transformation skip flag information), and can derive residual samples based on this information (i.e., transformation skip flag information). For example, if inverse transformation is not applied to the transformation coefficients (if the value of the transformation skip flag information for the current block is 1), the decoding device can derive the transformation coefficients as residual samples of the current block. Or, if inverse transformation is applied to the transformation coefficients (if the value of the transformation skip flag information for the current block is 0), the decoding device can derive the residual samples of the current block by performing inverse transformation on the transformation coefficients. The decoding device can generate recovery samples based on residual samples (S1150). In one embodiment, the decoding device may determine whether to perform inter-prediction or intra-prediction for the current block based on prediction information (e.g., prediction mode information) included in the image information, and may perform prediction according to the determination to derive prediction samples for the current block. Then, the decoding device may generate restoration samples based on the prediction samples and residual samples. At this time, the decoding device may use the prediction samples directly as restoration samples depending on the prediction mode, or may generate restoration samples by adding residual samples to the prediction samples. Additionally, a restoration block or a restoration picture may be derived based on the restoration samples. Subsequently, as described above, the decoding device may apply an in-loop filtering procedure, such as deblocking filtering and / or an SAO procedure, to the restoration picture to improve subjective / objective image quality as needed. In the embodiments described above, methods are described based on flowcharts as a series of steps or blocks; however, the embodiments of this document are not limited to the order of steps, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps as described above. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps shown in the flowcharts are not exclusive, and other steps may be included, or one or more steps of the flowcharts may be omitted without affecting the scope of this document. The method according to the above-described document may be implemented in the form of software, and the encoding device and / or decoding device according to the above document may be included in a device that performs image processing, such as a TV, computer, smartphone, set-top box, display device, etc. When the embodiments described in this document are implemented in software, the method described above may be implemented as a module (process, function, etc.) that performs the function described above. The module may be stored in memory and executed by a processor. The memory may be located inside or outside the processor and may be connected to the processor by various well-known means. The processor may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipsets, logic circuits, and / or data processing devices. The memory may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory cards, storage media, and / or other storage devices. That is, the embodiments described in this document may be implemented and executed on a processor, microprocessor, controller, or chip. For example, the functional units illustrated in each figure may be implemented and executed on a computer, processor, microprocessor, controller, or chip. In this case, information on instructions or algorithms for implementation may be stored on a digital storage medium. In addition, the decoding and encoding devices to which this document applies may be included in multimedia broadcasting transmission and reception devices, mobile communication terminals, home cinema video devices, digital cinema video devices, surveillance cameras, video conversation devices, real-time communication devices such as video communication, mobile streaming devices, storage media, camcorders, Video on Demand (VoD) service providers, Over-the-top video (OTT) devices, internet streaming service providers, 3D video devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, video phone video devices, transportation terminals (e.g., vehicle terminals (including autonomous vehicles), airplane terminals, ship terminals, etc.), and medical video devices, and may be used to process video signals or data signals. For example, Over-the-top video (OTT) devices may include game consoles, Blu-ray players, internet-connected TVs, home theater systems, smartphones, tablet PCs, Digital Video Recorders (DVRs), etc. Additionally, the processing method to which the embodiment(s) of this document are applied may be produced in the form of a program that is executed by a computer and may be stored on a computer-readable recording medium. Multimedia data having a data structure according to the embodiment(s) of this document may also be stored on a computer-readable recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium includes all types of storage devices and distributed storage devices in which computer-readable data is stored. The computer-readable recording medium may include, for example, a Blu-ray disc (BD), a Universal Serial Bus (USB), a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM, a RAM, a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, and an optical data storage device. Additionally, the computer-readable recording medium includes a medium implemented in the form of a carrier wave (e.g., transmission over the Internet). Furthermore, a bitstream generated by an encoding method may be stored on a computer-readable recording medium or transmitted via a wired or wireless communication network. Additionally, the embodiment(s) of this document may be implemented as a computer program product by program code, and said program code may be executed on a computer by the embodiment(s) of this document. said program code may be stored on a computer-readable carrier. FIG. 13 shows an example of a content streaming system to which the embodiments disclosed in this document can be applied. Referring to FIG. 13, the content streaming system applicable to the embodiments of the present document may largely include an encoding server, a streaming server, a web server, a media storage, a user device, and a multimedia input device. The above encoding server compresses content input from multimedia input devices, such as smartphones, cameras, and camcorders, into digital data to generate a bitstream and transmits it to the streaming server. As another example, if multimedia input devices, such as smartphones, cameras, and camcorders, generate the bitstream directly, the encoding server may be omitted. The bitstream above may be generated by an encoding method or a bitstream generation method applied to the embodiments of this document, and the streaming server may temporarily store the bitstream during the process of transmitting or receiving the bitstream. The streaming server transmits multimedia data to a user device based on a user request via a web server, and the web server acts as a medium to inform the user of available services. When a user requests a desired service from the web server, the web server transmits it to the streaming server, and the streaming server transmits the multimedia data to the user. At this time, the content streaming system may include a separate control server, and in this case, the control server plays the role of controlling commands and responses between each device within the content streaming system. The streaming server can receive content from a media storage and / or an encoding server. For example, when receiving content from the encoding server, the content can be received in real time. In this case, to provide a seamless streaming service, the streaming server can store the bitstream for a certain period of time. Examples of the above user devices may include mobile phones, smartphones, laptop computers, digital broadcasting terminals, PDAs (personal digital assistants), PMPs (portable multimedia players), navigation systems, slate PCs, tablet PCs, ultrabooks, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses, HMDs (head-mounted displays)), digital TVs, desktop computers, digital signage, etc. Each server within the above-mentioned content streaming system can be operated as a distributed server, and in this case, data received from each server can be processed in a distributed manner. The claims described in this document may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this document may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this document may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims of this document and the technical features of the device claims of this document may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this document and the technical features of the device claims of this document may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In a video decoding method performed by a decoding device, A step of obtaining image information including residual information and APS (adaptation parameter set) from a bitstream; A step of deriving quantized transform coefficients for the current block based on the above residual information; A step of deriving scaling list data based on the above APS; A step of deriving transform coefficients by performing a dequantization process on the quantized transform coefficients based on the scaling list data; A step of deriving residual samples by performing an inverse transformation process based on the above transformation coefficients; and A step of generating restoration samples based on the above residual samples is included, The above APS includes APS ID information and APS type information, The above APS ID information indicates the identifier of the APS, The above APS type information indicates that the APS is an APS for the scaling list data, An image decoding method characterized in that the scaling list data is included in the APS based on the APS type information.

2. In paragraph 1, Further comprising a step of obtaining header information included in the image information from the bitstream, The above header information includes APS ID information related to scaling list data referenced by a slice or picture related to the above header information, An image decoding method characterized in that the APS including the scaling list data is identified based on APS ID information related to the scaling list data.

3. In paragraph 1, Further comprising a step of obtaining header information included in the image information from the bitstream, The above header information includes a slice header or picture header related to a slice or picture containing the current block, An image decoding method characterized in that the above header information includes APS ID number information related to scaling list data, and includes a plurality of APS ID information related to scaling list data based on the APS ID number information related to scaling list data.

4. In paragraph 1, The above image information includes SPS (Sequence Parameter Set), A video decoding method, characterized in that the above SPS includes first availability flag information indicating whether the scaling list data is available.

5. In paragraph 4, The above image information includes header information, The above header information includes second availability flag information indicating whether the scaling list data is available in the picture or slice, A video decoding method, characterized in that when the value of the first available flag information is 1, the header information includes the second available flag information.

6. In paragraph 5, An image decoding method, characterized in that when the value of the second available flag information is 1, the header information includes APS ID information related to scaling list data.

7. In paragraph 4, The above image information includes restriction flag information regarding the use of the first available flag information, A video decoding method, characterized in that the value of the first available flag information is set to 0 based on the value of the above-mentioned restriction flag information being 1.

8. In paragraph 1, The step of deriving the above conversion coefficients is: A step of deriving a scaling matrix based on the above scaling list data; A step of deriving a scaling factor based on the above scaling matrix; and An image decoding method characterized by comprising a step of deriving the transform coefficients by performing the inverse quantization based on the scaling factor.

9. In a video encoding method performed by an encoding device, A step of deriving residual samples for the current block; A step of deriving transformation coefficients by performing a transformation process based on the above residual samples; A step of performing a quantization process on the above transformation coefficients to derive quantized transformation coefficients; A step of generating residual information and APS (adaptation parameter set) for the above quantized transform coefficients; and A step of encoding image information including the residual information and the APS is included, The above APS includes APS ID information and APS type information, The above APS ID information indicates the identifier of the APS, The above APS type information indicates that the APS is an APS for the scaling list data, An image encoding method characterized in that the above APS includes the scaling list data based on the above APS type information.

10. In paragraph 9, The above image information includes header information, The above header information includes APS ID information related to scaling list data referenced by a slice or picture related to the above header information, A video encoding method characterized in that the APS including the scaling list data is identified based on APS ID information related to the scaling list data.

11. In paragraph 9, The above image information includes header information, The above header information includes a slice header or picture header related to a slice or picture containing the current block, A video encoding method characterized in that the above header information includes APS ID number information related to scaling list data, and includes a plurality of APS ID information related to scaling list data based on the APS ID number information related to scaling list data.

12. In paragraph 9, The above image information includes SPS (Sequence Parameter Set), A video encoding method, characterized in that the above SPS includes first availability flag information indicating whether the scaling list data is available.

13. In paragraph 12, The above image information includes header information, The above header information includes second availability flag information indicating whether the scaling list data is available in the picture or slice, A video encoding method, characterized in that when the value of the first available flag information is 1, the header information includes the second available flag information.

14. In paragraph 13, A video encoding method, characterized in that when the value of the second available flag information is 1, the header information includes APS ID information related to scaling list data.

15. In paragraph 13, The above image information includes restriction flag information regarding the use of the first available flag information, A video encoding method, characterized in that the value of the first available flag information is set to 0 based on the value of the above-mentioned restriction flag information being 1.

16. A computer-readable storage medium storing encoded information that causes an image decoding device to perform an image decoding method, The above video decoding method is, A step of obtaining image information including residual information and APS (adaptation parameter set) from a bitstream; A step of deriving quantized transform coefficients for the current block based on the above residual information; A step of deriving scaling list data based on the above APS; A step of deriving transform coefficients by performing a dequantization process on the quantized transform coefficients based on the scaling list data; A step of deriving residual samples by performing an inverse transformation process based on the above transformation coefficients; and A step of generating restoration samples based on the above residual samples is included, The above APS includes APS ID information and APS type information, The above APS ID information indicates the identifier of the APS, The above APS type information indicates that the APS is an APS for the scaling list data, A computer-readable storage medium characterized in that the scaling list data is included in the APS based on the APS type information.

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