METHODS FOR DECODING AND ENCODING IMAGES AND INTANGIBLE RECORDING MATERIALS READ BY COMPUTER

Abstract

According to a design implementation, the invention relates to a method for decoding an image comprising the following steps: acquiring, from a bit stream, image block shape information and / or split shape information relating to the first encoding unit in the image; determining at least one second encoding unit in the first encoding unit based on the acquired image block shape information and / or split shape information; and decoding the image based on at least one second encoding unit, where the image block shape information indicates the shape of the first encoding unit, and the split shape information indicates whether the first encoding unit can be split into a second encoding unit. The invention may relate to an image encoding method corresponding to an image decoding method. In addition, the invention may relate to an image encoding device or an image decoding device capable of performing either an image encoding method or an image decoding method.

Description

Method for encoding / decoding video and device thereof A method and device according to one embodiment can encode or decode an image by using various data units included in the image. Video data is encoded using a codec according to a given data compression standard, such as the MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group) standard, and then stored on a recording medium in the form of a bitstream or transmitted through a communication channel. With the development and distribution of hardware capable of playing and storing high-resolution or high-definition video content, the need for a codec that effectively encodes or decodes high-resolution or high-definition video content is increasing. Encoded video content can be played back by being decoded. Recently, methods for effectively compressing such high-resolution or high-definition video content have been implemented. For example, an efficient video compression method is being implemented through a process of processing a video to be encoded in an arbitrary manner. Various data units can be used to compress images, and there can be an inclusion relationship between these data units. In order to determine the size of the data units used for image compression, the data units can be divided by various methods, and encoding or decoding of the image can be performed by determining an optimized data unit according to the characteristics of the image. In the case of conventional compression methods, in the process of determining the size of the coding unit included in the picture, whether to split was decided, and then square coding units were determined through a recursive splitting process that uniformly split them into four coding units of the same size. However, as the demand for high-resolution images has rapidly increased and the amount of data required for image playback has increased, efficient image encoding and decoding processes must be performed, and the deterioration of image quality in restored images caused by the use of uniform square-shaped encoding units has become a problem. In one embodiment, a method for decoding an image is provided, comprising: a step of obtaining at least one of block shape information and partition shape information for a first coding unit included in the image from a bitstream; a step of determining at least one second coding unit included in the first coding unit based on at least one of the obtained block shape information and the partition shape information; and a step of decoding the image based on the at least one second coding unit, wherein the block shape information is characterized in that it indicates a shape of the first coding unit, and the partition shape information is characterized in that it indicates whether the first coding unit is divided into the second coding unit or not. In one embodiment, an image decoding device may be provided, including a bitstream obtaining unit which obtains at least one of block shape information and partition shape information for a first coding unit included in the image from a bitstream, and a decoding unit which determines at least one second coding unit included in the first coding unit based on at least one of the obtained block shape information and the partition shape information, and decodes the image based on the at least one second coding unit, wherein the block shape information is characterized in that it indicates a shape of the first coding unit, and the partition shape information is characterized in that it indicates whether the first coding unit is divided into the second coding unit or not. In one embodiment, a method for encoding an image is provided, comprising: a step of generating a bitstream including at least one of block shape information and partition shape information for a first encoding unit included in the image; a step of determining at least one second encoding unit included in the first encoding unit based on at least one of the block shape information and the partition shape information; and a step of encoding the image based on the at least one second encoding unit, wherein the block shape information is characterized in that it indicates a shape of the first encoding unit, and the partition shape information is characterized in that it indicates whether the first encoding unit is divided into the second encoding unit or not. In one embodiment, an image encoding device may be provided, comprising: a bitstream generation unit which generates a bitstream including at least one of block shape information and partition shape information for a first encoding unit included in the image; and an encoding unit which determines at least one second encoding unit included in the first encoding unit based on at least one of the block shape information and the partition shape information, and encodes the image based on the at least one second encoding unit, wherein the block shape information is characterized in that it indicates a shape of the first encoding unit, and the partition shape information is characterized in that it indicates whether the first encoding unit is divided into the second encoding unit or not. Since various types of encoding units can be used in the process of encoding and decoding an image, encoding units adaptive to the characteristics of the image can be used, thereby enabling efficient encoding and decoding of the image and improving the image quality of the restored image. FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an image decoding device capable of decoding an image based on at least one of block shape information and segmentation shape information according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an image encoding device capable of encoding an image based on at least one of block shape information and segmentation shape information according to one embodiment. FIG. 3 illustrates a process in which a current encoding unit is divided to determine at least one encoding unit according to one embodiment. FIG. 4 illustrates a process in which a non-square-shaped coding unit is divided to determine at least one coding unit according to one embodiment. FIG. 5 illustrates a process in which an encoding unit is divided based on at least one of block shape information and division shape information according to one embodiment. FIG. 6 illustrates a method for determining a predetermined coding unit among an odd number of coding units according to one embodiment. FIG. 7 illustrates the order in which multiple encoding units are processed when a current encoding unit is split and multiple encoding units are determined according to one embodiment. FIG. 8 illustrates a process by which it is determined that a current encoding unit is split into an odd number of encoding units when encoding units cannot be processed in a predetermined order according to one embodiment. FIG. 9 illustrates a process in which a first encoding unit is divided to determine at least one encoding unit according to one embodiment. FIG. 10 illustrates that, according to one embodiment, when a non-square shape of a second coding unit determined by splitting a first coding unit satisfies a predetermined condition, the shapes into which the second coding unit can be split are limited. FIG. 11 illustrates a process of splitting a square-shaped encoding unit when the split shape information cannot represent splitting into four square-shaped encoding units according to one embodiment. FIG. 12 illustrates that, according to one embodiment, the processing order between a plurality of encoding units may vary depending on the process of dividing the encoding units. FIG. 13 illustrates a process in which the depth of an encoding unit is determined as the shape and size of the encoding unit change when the encoding unit is recursively split to determine a plurality of encoding units according to one embodiment. FIG. 14 illustrates an index (part index, hereinafter referred to as PID) for depth and encoding unit distinction that can be determined according to the shape and size of encoding units according to one embodiment. FIG. 15 illustrates that a plurality of coding units are determined according to a plurality of predetermined data units included in a picture according to one embodiment. FIG. 16 illustrates a processing block that serves as a criterion for determining the determination order of reference coding units included in a picture according to one embodiment. FIG. 17 illustrates coding units that can be determined for each picture when the combination of forms into which coding units can be divided is different for each picture according to one embodiment. FIG. 18 illustrates various forms of encoding units that can be determined based on segmentation shape information that can be expressed as binary code according to one embodiment. FIG. 19 illustrates another form of a coding unit that can be determined based on segmentation shape information that can be expressed in binary code according to one embodiment. Figure 20 is a block diagram of an image encoding and decoding system that performs loop filtering. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of filtering units included in a maximum encoding unit according to one embodiment and filtering performance information of the filtering unit. FIG. 22 illustrates a process in which merging or splitting is performed between encoding units determined according to a predetermined encoding method according to one embodiment. Figure 23 illustrates an index according to the Z-scan order of the encoding unit according to one embodiment. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing reference samples for intra prediction of a coding unit according to one embodiment. In accordance with one embodiment, a method for decoding an image is provided, the method including: obtaining at least one of block shape information and partition shape information for a first coding unit included in the image from a bitstream; determining at least one second coding unit included in the first coding unit based on at least one of the obtained block shape information and the partition shape information; and decoding the image based on the at least one second coding unit, wherein the block shape information is characterized in that it indicates a shape of the first coding unit, and the partition shape information is characterized in that it indicates whether the first coding unit is divided into the second coding unit or not. The step of determining the at least one second coding unit of the image decoding method according to one embodiment may include the step of determining whether the first coding unit has a square or non-square shape based on the block shape information, and the step of determining the at least one second coding unit based on the determined shape of the first coding unit. The step of determining at least one second encoding unit of the image decoding method according to one embodiment may be characterized by including a step of determining a plurality of second encoding units having a plurality of types of sizes based on the segmentation shape information. The step of obtaining at least one of the block shape information and the segmentation shape information of the image decoding method according to one embodiment may be characterized by including the step of obtaining at least one of the block shape information and the segmentation shape information from a bitstream related to a sample at a predetermined position included in the first encoding unit. A method for decoding an image according to one embodiment may further include a step of determining a predetermined second coding unit among the at least one second coding unit and decoding the image by limiting the number of divisions for the predetermined second coding unit. In an image decoding method according to one embodiment, the step of decoding the image may be characterized by including a step of determining a second coding unit at a predetermined position among the plurality of second coding units and decoding the image while limiting the number of divisions for the predetermined second coding unit. In an image decoding method according to one embodiment, the step of decoding the image may include the step of determining a second coding unit including a sample at the predetermined position among the at least one second coding unit, and the step of decoding the image by limiting the number of divisions for the determined second coding unit. An image decoding method according to one embodiment may be characterized by further including a step of determining a reference coding unit by dividing the width and height of a maximum coding unit, and a step of determining the reference coding unit as the first coding unit. An image decoding method according to one embodiment may further include a step of dividing the image according to at least one processing block including at least one maximum coding unit, and a processing order of the at least one maximum coding unit included in the at least one processing block may vary according to the processing block. In an image decoding method according to one embodiment, the step of determining at least one second coding unit may include a step of determining a plurality of second coding units by splitting the first coding unit in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction when the splitting shape information for the first coding unit can indicate that the first coding unit is split in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and the plurality of second coding units may be characterized in that not all of the plurality of second coding units are split in a direction orthogonal to a direction in which the first coding unit is split. An image decoding method according to one embodiment may further include a step of determining a depth of each coding unit based on a length of a long side of the first coding unit and the at least one second coding unit. An image decoding method according to one embodiment may be characterized in that the processing order of at least one third coding unit determined by splitting one of the at least one second coding unit can be determined based on the split form of the second coding unit related to the at least one third coding unit. In one embodiment, an image decoding device may be provided, comprising: a bitstream obtaining unit which obtains at least one of block shape information and partition shape information for a first coding unit included in the image from a bitstream; and a decoding unit which determines at least one second coding unit included in the first coding unit based on at least one of the obtained block shape information and the partition shape information, and decodes the image based on the at least one second coding unit, wherein the block shape information is characterized in that it indicates a shape of the first coding unit, and the partition shape information is characterized in that it indicates whether the first coding unit is divided into the second coding unit or not. In one embodiment, a method for encoding an image is provided, comprising: a step of generating a bitstream including at least one of block shape information and partition shape information for a first encoding unit included in the image; a step of determining at least one second encoding unit included in the first encoding unit based on at least one of the block shape information and the partition shape information; and a step of encoding the image based on the at least one second encoding unit, wherein the block shape information is characterized in that it indicates a shape of the first encoding unit, and the partition shape information is characterized in that it indicates whether the first encoding unit is divided into the second encoding unit or not. In one embodiment, an image encoding device may be provided, comprising: a bitstream generation unit which generates a bitstream including at least one of block shape information and partition shape information for a first encoding unit included in the image; and an encoding unit which determines at least one second encoding unit included in the first encoding unit based on at least one of the block shape information and the partition shape information, and encodes the image based on the at least one second encoding unit, wherein the block shape information is characterized in that it indicates a shape of the first encoding unit, and the partition shape information is characterized in that it indicates whether the first encoding unit is divided into the second encoding unit or not. The advantages and features of the present invention, and the method for achieving them, will become clear with reference to the embodiments described below together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but can be implemented in various different forms, and these embodiments are provided only to make the disclosure of the present invention complete and to fully inform a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs of the scope of the invention. The terms used in this specification will be briefly explained, and the present invention will be described in detail. The terms used in the present invention are selected from the most widely used general terms possible while considering the functions of the present invention, but this may vary depending on the intention of engineers working in the relevant field, precedents, the emergence of new technologies, etc. In addition, in certain cases, there are terms arbitrarily selected by the applicant, and in this case, the meanings thereof will be described in detail in the description of the relevant invention. Therefore, the terms used in the present invention should be defined based on the meanings of the terms and the overall contents of the present invention, rather than simply the names of the terms. In this specification, singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly specifies that they are singular. When a part of the specification is said to "include" a component, unless otherwise specifically stated, this does not exclude other components, but rather may include other components. Also, the term "part" as used in the specification means a software, hardware component such as an FPGA or an ASIC, and the "part" performs certain functions. However, the "part" is not limited to software or hardware. The "part" may be configured to reside on an addressable storage medium or may be configured to execute one or more processors. Thus, by way of example, the "part" may include components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuitry, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. The functionality provided in the components and "parts" may be combined into a smaller number of components and "parts" or further separated into additional components and "parts." Hereinafter, "image" may refer to a static image, such as a still image of a video, or a dynamic image, such as a moving image, i.e. the video itself. Hereinafter, "sample" means data that is assigned to a sampling location of an image and is the data to be processed. For example, pixel values ​​in an image in the spatial domain and transformation coefficients in the transformation domain may be samples. A unit including at least one of these samples may be defined as a block. Below, with reference to the attached drawings, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail so that those with ordinary skill in the art can easily practice the present invention. In addition, in order to clearly explain the present invention in the drawings, parts that are not related to the description are omitted. FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an image decoding device (100) capable of decoding an image based on at least one of block shape information and segmentation shape information according to one embodiment. Referring to FIG. 1, an image decoding device (100) may include a bitstream acquisition unit (110) for acquiring predetermined information, such as segmentation shape information and block shape information, from a bitstream according to one embodiment, and a decoding unit (120) for decoding an image using the acquired information. According to one embodiment, when the bitstream acquisition unit (110) of the image decoding device (100) acquires at least one of the block shape information and the segmentation shape information, the decoding unit (120) of the image decoding device (100) may determine at least one encoding unit for dividing an image based on at least one of the block shape information and the segmentation shape information. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) of the image decoding device (100) can determine the shape of an encoding unit based on block shape information. For example, the block shape information can include information indicating whether the encoding unit is square or non-square. The decoding unit (120) can determine the shape of an encoding unit using the block shape information. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) can determine the shape into which the encoding unit will be divided based on the division shape information. For example, the division shape information can indicate information about the shape of at least one encoding unit included in the encoding unit. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine whether the coding unit is split or not based on the split type information. The split type information may include information on at least one coding unit included in the coding unit, and if the split type information indicates that the coding unit includes only one coding unit or is not split, the decoding unit (120) may determine that the coding unit including the split type information is not split. If the split type information indicates that the coding unit is split into a plurality of coding units, the decoding unit (120) may split the coding unit into a plurality of coding units included in the coding unit based on the split type information. According to one embodiment, the splitting type information may indicate how many coding units an encoding unit is to be split into or in which direction the coding unit is to be split. For example, the splitting type information may indicate splitting in at least one of a vertical direction and a horizontal direction, or may indicate not splitting. FIG. 3 illustrates a process in which an image decoding device (100) divides a current encoding unit to determine at least one encoding unit according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) can determine the shape of an encoding unit using block shape information, and can determine the shape into which the encoding unit is divided using the division shape information. That is, the division method of the encoding unit indicated by the division shape information can be determined depending on which block shape the block shape information used by the decoding unit (120) indicates. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may utilize block shape information indicating that the current encoding unit is a square shape. For example, the decoding unit (120) may determine whether to not split a square encoding unit, to split it vertically, to split it horizontally, to split it into four encoding units, etc., based on the split shape information. Referring to FIG. 3, if the block shape information of the current encoding unit (300) indicates a square shape, the decoding unit (120) may not split an encoding unit (310a) having the same size as the current encoding unit (300) based on the split shape information indicating that it is not split, or may determine a split encoding unit (310b, 310c, 310d, etc.) based on the split shape information indicating a predetermined splitting method. Referring to FIG. 3, the decoding unit (120) may determine two coding units (310b) into which the current coding unit (300) is vertically divided based on the division shape information indicating that it is vertically divided according to one embodiment. The decoding unit (120) may determine two coding units (310c) into which the current coding unit (300) is horizontally divided based on the division shape information indicating that it is horizontally divided. The decoding unit (120) may determine four coding units (310d) into which the current coding unit (300) is vertically and horizontally divided based on the division shape information indicating that it is vertically and horizontally divided. However, the division shapes into which a square coding unit may be divided should not be interpreted as being limited to the above-described shapes, and may include various shapes that the division shape information may indicate. Specified division shapes into which a square coding unit is divided will be specifically described below through various embodiments. FIG. 4 illustrates a process in which an image decoding device (100) divides a non-square shape encoding unit to determine at least one encoding unit according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may utilize block shape information indicating that the current encoding unit is a non-square shape. The decoding unit (120) may determine whether to not split the current non-square encoding unit or to split it using a predetermined method based on the split shape information. Referring to FIG. 4, when the block shape information of the current encoding unit (400 or 450) indicates a non-square shape, the decoding unit (120) may not split an encoding unit (410 or 460) having the same size as the current encoding unit (400 or 450) according to the split shape information indicating that it is not split, or may determine a split encoding unit (420a, 420b, 430a, 430b, 430c, 470a, 470b, 480a, 480b, 480c) based on the split shape information indicating a predetermined splitting method. The predetermined splitting method by which a non-square encoding unit is split will be specifically described below through various embodiments. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine a form in which an encoding unit is split using the split shape information, and in this case, the split shape information may indicate the number of at least one encoding unit generated by splitting the encoding unit. Referring to FIG. 4, if the split shape information indicates that the current encoding unit (400 or 450) is split into two encoding units, the decoding unit (120) may split the current encoding unit (400 or 450) based on the split shape information to determine two encoding units (420a, 420b, or 470a, 470b) included in the current encoding unit. According to one embodiment, when the decoding unit (120) splits a current encoding unit (400 or 450) having a non-square shape based on split shape information, the current encoding unit may be split by considering the position of the long side of the non-square current encoding unit (400 or 450). For example, the decoding unit (120) may split the current encoding unit (400 or 450) in a direction in which the long side of the current encoding unit (400 or 450) is split by considering the shape of the current encoding unit (400 or 450) to determine a plurality of encoding units. According to one embodiment, if the split shape information indicates that the coding unit is split into an odd number of blocks, the decoding unit (120) may determine an odd number of coding units included in the current coding unit (400 or 450). For example, if the split shape information indicates that the current coding unit (400 or 450) is split into three coding units, the decoding unit (120) may split the current coding unit (400 or 450) into three coding units (430a, 430b, 430c, 480a, 480b, 480c). According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine an odd number of coding units included in the current coding unit (400 or 450), and the sizes of the determined coding units may not all be the same. For example, among the determined odd number of coding units (430a, 430b, 430c, 480a, 480b, 480c), a given coding unit (430b or 480b) may have a different size from the other coding units (430a, 430c, 480a, 480c). That is, the coding units that can be determined by dividing the current coding unit (400 or 450) may have multiple types of sizes, and in some cases, the odd number of coding units (430a, 430b, 430c, 480a, 480b, 480c) may each have a different size. According to one embodiment, if the split shape information indicates that the coding unit is split into an odd number of blocks, the decoding unit (120) can determine an odd number of coding units included in the current coding unit (400 or 450), and further, the decoding unit (120) can place a predetermined restriction on at least one coding unit among the odd number of coding units generated by the splitting. Referring to FIG. 4, the decoding unit (120) can perform a decoding process for an coding unit (430b, 480b) located in the center among three coding units (430a, 430b, 430c, 480a, 480b, 480c) generated by splitting the current coding unit (400 or 450) differently from the decoding process for other coding units (430a, 430c, 480a, 480c). For example, the decryption unit (120) can restrict the encoding unit (430b, 480b) located in the center from being split any further, unlike other encoding units (430a, 430c, 480a, 480c), or can restrict it to be split only a certain number of times. FIG. 5 illustrates a process in which an image decoding device (100) divides an encoding unit based on at least one of block shape information and division shape information according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the decoder (120) may determine to split or not split the first coding unit (500) having a square shape into coding units based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information. According to one embodiment, when the split shape information indicates that the first coding unit (500) is split in the horizontal direction, the decoder (120) may split the first coding unit (500) in the horizontal direction to determine the second coding unit (510). The first coding unit, the second coding unit, and the third coding unit used according to one embodiment are terms used to understand the relationship before and after splitting between coding units. For example, when the first coding unit is split, the second coding unit may be determined, and when the second coding unit is split, the third coding unit may be determined. The relationship between the first coding unit, the second coding unit, and the third coding unit used hereinafter may be understood to follow the above-described characteristics. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may determine to split or not split the determined second encoding unit (510) into encoding units based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information. Referring to FIG. 5, the decoding unit (120) may split the first encoding unit (500) based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information to split the determined second encoding unit (510) having a non-square shape into at least one third encoding unit (520a, 520b, 520c, 520d, etc.) or may not split the second encoding unit (510). The bitstream acquisition unit (110) of the video decoding device (100) can acquire at least one of block shape information and division shape information, and the decoding unit (120) can divide the first encoding unit (500) based on at least one of the acquired block shape information and division shape information to divide the first encoding unit (500) into a plurality of second encoding units (e.g., 510) of various shapes, and the second encoding unit (510) can be divided according to the method in which the first encoding unit (500) is divided based on at least one of the block shape information and the division shape information. According to one embodiment, when the first coding unit (500) is split into the second coding unit (510) based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information for the first coding unit (500), the second coding unit (510) may also be split into the third coding units (e.g., 520a, 520b, 520c, 520d, etc.) based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information for the second coding unit (510). That is, the coding unit may be split recursively based on at least one of the split shape information and the block shape information related to each coding unit. Accordingly, a square coding unit may be determined from a non-square coding unit, and this square coding unit may be split recursively to determine a non-square coding unit. Referring to FIG. 5, a non-square second coding unit (510) is split into an odd number of third coding units (520b, 520c, 520d), into which a certain coding unit (e.g., a coding unit located in the middle or a square coding unit) may be split recursively. According to an embodiment, a square third coding unit (520c), which is one of the odd number of third coding units (520b, 520c, 520d), may be split horizontally into a plurality of fourth coding units. A non-square fourth coding unit (540), which is one of the plurality of fourth coding units, may be split again into a plurality of coding units. For example, a non-square fourth coding unit (540) may be split again into an odd number of coding units (550a, 550b, 550c). Methods that can be used for recursive division of coding units will be described later through various embodiments. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine to split each of the third coding units (520a, 520b, 520c, 520d, etc.) into coding units or not to split the second coding unit (510) based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may split the second coding unit (510) having a non-square shape into an odd number of third coding units (520b, 520c, 520d). The image decoding device (100) may place a predetermined restriction on a predetermined third coding unit among the odd number of third coding units (520b, 520c, 520d). For example, the image decoding device (100) may restrict the encoding unit (520c) located in the middle among the odd number of third encoding units (520b, 520c, 520d) to not be split any further, or to be split a settable number of times. Referring to FIG. 5, the image decoding device (100) may restrict the encoding unit (520c) located in the middle among the odd number of third encoding units (520b, 520c, 520d) included in the non-square shaped second encoding unit (510) to not be split any further, to be split in a predetermined split form (for example, to be split only into four encoding units or to be split in a form corresponding to the split form of the second encoding unit (510)), or to be split only a predetermined number of times (for example, to be split only n times, n>0). However, the above limitations on the encoding unit (520c) located in the middle are merely simple examples and should not be interpreted as being limited to the above-described examples, but should be interpreted as including various limitations that allow the encoding unit (520c) located in the middle to be decoded differently from the other encoding units (520b, 520d). According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) can obtain at least one of block shape information and segmentation shape information used to segment the current encoding unit from a predetermined location within the current encoding unit. FIG. 6 illustrates a method for a decoding unit (120) to determine a predetermined encoding unit from among an odd number of encoding units according to one embodiment. Referring to FIG. 6, at least one of block shape information and partition shape information of a current encoding unit (600) can be obtained from a sample at a predetermined position among a plurality of samples included in the current encoding unit (600) (for example, a sample (640) located in the middle). However, the predetermined position in the current encoding unit (600) from which at least one of the block shape information and the partition shape information can be obtained should not be interpreted as being limited to the middle position illustrated in FIG. 6, and it should be interpreted that the predetermined position can include various positions (for example, top, bottom, left, right, top left, bottom left, top right, or bottom right, etc.) that can be included in the current encoding unit (600). The image decoding device (100) can obtain at least one of block shape information and division shape information obtained from a predetermined location and determine whether to divide or not divide the current encoding unit into encoding units of various shapes and sizes. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may select one of the encoding units when the current encoding unit is divided into a predetermined number of encoding units. There may be various methods for selecting one of the multiple encoding units, and a description of these methods will be provided later through various embodiments below. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) of the image decoding device (100) can divide the current encoding unit into a plurality of encoding units and determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position. FIG. 6 illustrates a method for an image decoding device (100) to determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position among an odd number of encoding units according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may use information indicating the positions of each of the odd-numbered coding units to determine an coding unit located in the middle of the odd-numbered coding units. Referring to FIG. 6, the decoding unit (120) may divide the current coding unit (600) to determine odd-numbered coding units (620a, 620b, 620c). The decoding unit (120) may use information about the positions of the odd-numbered coding units (620a, 620b, 620c) to determine the middle coding unit (620b). For example, the decoding unit (120) can determine the position of the coding units (620a, 620b, 620c) based on information indicating the position of a given sample included in the coding units (620a, 620b, 620c), thereby determining the coding unit (620b) located in the middle. Specifically, the decoding unit (120) can determine the position of the coding units (620a, 620b, 620c) based on information indicating the position of a sample (630a, 630b, 630c) at the upper left of the coding units (620a, 620b, 620c), thereby determining the coding unit (620b) located in the middle. According to one embodiment, information indicating the position of the upper left sample (630a, 630b, 630c) included in each of the coding units (620a, 620b, 620c) may include information on the position or coordinate of the coding unit (620a, 620b, 620c) within the picture. According to one embodiment, information indicating the position of the upper left sample (630a, 630b, 630c) included in each of the coding units (620a, 620b, 620c) may include information indicating the width or height of the coding units (620a, 620b, 620c) included in the current coding unit (600), and this width or height may correspond to information indicating the difference between the coordinates within the picture of the coding unit (620a, 620b, 620c). That is, the image decoding device (100) can determine the encoding unit (620b) located in the center by directly using information about the position or coordinates of the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) within the picture or by using information about the width or height of the encoding unit that represents the difference value between the coordinates. According to one embodiment, information indicating the position of the sample (630a) at the upper left of the upper encoding unit (620a) may represent (xa, ya) coordinates, information indicating the position of the sample (630b) at the upper left of the middle encoding unit (620b) may represent (xb, yb) coordinates, and information indicating the position of the sample (630c) at the upper left of the lower encoding unit (620c) may represent (xc, yc) coordinates. The image decoding device (100) may determine the middle encoding unit (620b) using the coordinates of the samples (630a, 630b, 630c) at the upper left included in the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c), respectively. For example, when the coordinates of the samples (630a, 630b, 630c) on the upper left are sorted in ascending or descending order, the encoding unit (620b) including the coordinates (xb, yb) of the sample (630b) located in the middle can be determined as the encoding unit located in the middle among the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) determined by dividing the current encoding unit (600). However, the coordinates indicating the positions of the upper left samples (630a, 630b, 630c) can indicate coordinates indicating the absolute positions within the picture, and further, based on the position of the upper left sample (630a) of the upper left coding unit (620a), the (dxb, dyb) coordinates, which are information indicating the relative position of the sample (630b) of the upper left of the middle coding unit (620b), and the (dxc, dyc) coordinates, which are information indicating the relative position of the sample (630c) of the upper left of the lower coding unit (620c), can be used. In addition, the method of determining the coding unit of a given position by using the coordinates of the corresponding sample as information indicating the position of the sample included in the coding unit should not be interpreted as being limited to the above-described method, but should be interpreted in various arithmetic ways that can utilize the coordinates of the samples. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) can divide the current encoding unit (600) into a plurality of encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) and select an encoding unit among the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) according to a predetermined criterion. For example, the decoding unit (120) can select an encoding unit (620b) having a different size among the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c). According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may determine the width or height of each of the encoding units (620a, 620b, and 620c) by using the (xa, ya) coordinate, which is information indicating the position of the sample (630a) at the upper left of the upper encoding unit (620a), the (xb, yb) coordinate, which is information indicating the position of the sample (630b) at the upper left of the middle encoding unit (620b), and the (xc, yc) coordinate, which is information indicating the position of the sample (630c) at the upper left of the lower encoding unit (620c). The image decoding device (100) may determine the size of each of the encoding units (620a, 620b, and 620c) by using the coordinates (xa, ya), (xb, yb), and (xc, yc) indicating the positions of the encoding units (620a, 620b, and 620c). According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may determine the width of the upper coding unit (620a) as xb-xa and the height as yb-ya. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine the width of the middle coding unit (620b) as xc-xb and the height as yc-yb. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine the width or height of the lower coding unit by using the width or height of the current coding unit and the widths and heights of the upper coding unit (620a) and the middle coding unit (620b). The decoding unit (120) may determine one coding unit having a different size from other coding units based on the widths and heights of the determined coding units (620a, 620b, 620c). Referring to FIG. 6, the image decoding device (100) can determine a middle encoding unit (620b) having a different size from the sizes of the upper encoding unit (620a) and the lower encoding unit (620c) as an encoding unit at a predetermined position. However, the process by which the image decoding device (100) described above determines an encoding unit having a different size from other encoding units is merely an embodiment of determining an encoding unit at a predetermined position using the size of an encoding unit determined based on sample coordinates, and therefore, various processes of determining an encoding unit at a predetermined position by comparing the sizes of encoding units determined according to predetermined sample coordinates can be used. However, the location of the sample considered for determining the location of the encoding unit should not be interpreted as being limited to the upper left corner described above, and it can be interpreted that information on the location of any sample included in the encoding unit can be utilized. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may select an encoding unit at a predetermined position from among an odd number of encoding units into which the current encoding unit is divided, considering the shape of the current encoding unit. For example, if the current encoding unit has a non-square shape in which the width is longer than the height, the decoding unit (120) may determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position in the horizontal direction. That is, the decoding unit (120) may determine one of the encoding units having different positions in the horizontal direction and place a restriction on the corresponding encoding unit. If the current encoding unit has a non-square shape in which the height is longer than the width, the decoding unit (120) may determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position in the vertical direction. That is, the decoding unit (120) may determine one of the encoding units having different positions in the vertical direction and place a restriction on the corresponding encoding unit. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may use information indicating the positions of each of the even-numbered coding units to determine an coding unit at a predetermined position among an even-numbered coding unit. The decoding unit (120) may determine an even-numbered coding unit by dividing the current coding unit and may use information about the positions of the even-numbered coding units to determine an coding unit at a predetermined position. Since a specific process for this may be similar to a process for determining an coding unit at a predetermined position (for example, a center position) among an odd-numbered coding unit described above in FIG. 6, it will be omitted. According to one embodiment, when a current encoding unit having a non-square shape is split into a plurality of encoding units, in order to determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position among the plurality of encoding units, predetermined information about the encoding unit at a predetermined position may be used during the splitting process. For example, the decoding unit (120) of the image decoding device (100) may use at least one of block shape information and split shape information stored in a sample included in a middle encoding unit during the splitting process in order to determine an encoding unit located in the middle among the encoding units into which the current encoding unit is split. Referring to FIG. 6, the decoding unit (120) of the image decoding device (100) can divide the current encoding unit (600) into a plurality of encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) based on at least one of the block shape information and the division shape information, and can determine the encoding unit (620b) located in the middle among the plurality of encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c). Furthermore, the decoding unit (120) can determine the encoding unit (620b) located in the middle by considering the position where at least one of the block shape information and the division shape information is acquired. That is, at least one of the block shape information and the division shape information of the current encoding unit (600) can be obtained from the sample (640) located in the center of the current encoding unit (600), and when the current encoding unit (600) is divided into a plurality of encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) based on at least one of the block shape information and the division shape information, the encoding unit (620b) including the sample (640) can be determined as the encoding unit located in the center. However, the information used to determine the encoding unit located in the center should not be interpreted as being limited to at least one of the block shape information and the division shape information, and various types of information can be used in the process of determining the encoding unit located in the center. According to one embodiment, predetermined information for identifying a coding unit at a predetermined position may be obtained from a predetermined sample included in the coding unit to be determined. Referring to FIG. 6, the decoding unit (120) may use at least one of block shape information and split shape information obtained from a sample at a predetermined position within the current coding unit (600) (e.g., a sample located at the center of the current coding unit (600)) to determine an coding unit at a predetermined position (e.g., an coding unit located at the center of the coding unit divided into multiple pieces) among a plurality of coding units (620a, 620b, 620c) into which the current coding unit (600) is divided. That is, the decoding unit (120) can determine the sample at the predetermined position by considering the block block shape of the current encoding unit (600), and the decoding unit (120) can determine an encoding unit (620b) including a sample from which predetermined information (for example, at least one of block shape information and division shape information) can be obtained among a plurality of encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) determined by dividing the current encoding unit (600), and can set a predetermined restriction. Referring to FIG. 6, according to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) can determine a sample (640) located in the center of the current encoding unit (600) as a sample from which predetermined information can be obtained, and the decoding unit (120) can set a predetermined restriction on the encoding unit (620b) including the sample (640) during the decoding process. However, the location of the sample from which certain information can be obtained should not be interpreted as being limited to the above-described location, but may be interpreted as samples at any location included in the encoding unit (620b) to be determined in order to impose a limitation. According to one embodiment, the position of a sample from which predetermined information can be obtained may be determined according to the shape of the current encoding unit (600). According to one embodiment, the block shape information may determine whether the shape of the current encoding unit is square or non-square, and may determine the position of a sample from which predetermined information can be obtained according to the shape. For example, the decoding unit (120) may determine a sample located on a boundary that divides at least one of the width and height of the current encoding unit in half as a sample from which predetermined information can be obtained, using at least one of the information about the width and the information about the height of the current encoding unit. As another example, when the block shape information related to the current encoding unit indicates that the shape is non-square, the decoding unit (120) may determine one of the samples adjacent to the boundary that divides the long side of the current encoding unit in half as a sample from which predetermined information can be obtained. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may use at least one of block shape information and split shape information to determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position among the plurality of encoding units when the current encoding unit is split into a plurality of encoding units. According to one embodiment, the bitstream acquisition unit (110) may obtain at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information from a sample at a predetermined position included in the encoding unit, and the decoding unit (120) may split a plurality of encoding units generated by splitting the current encoding unit using at least one of the split shape information and the block shape information obtained from a sample at a predetermined position included in each of the plurality of encoding units. That is, the encoding unit may be split recursively using at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information obtained from a sample at a predetermined position included in each of the encoding units. Since the recursive splitting process of the encoding unit has been described above with reference to FIG. 5, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) can divide a current encoding unit to determine at least one encoding unit, and can determine an order in which the at least one encoding unit is decoded according to a predetermined block (e.g., the current encoding unit). FIG. 7 illustrates the order in which multiple encoding units are processed when an image decoding device (100) determines multiple encoding units by dividing a current encoding unit according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine second encoding units (710a, 710b) by vertically splitting the first encoding unit (700) according to block shape information and split shape information, determine second encoding units (730a, 730b) by horizontally splitting the first encoding unit (700), or determine second encoding units (750a, 750b, 750c, 750d) by vertically and horizontally splitting the first encoding unit (700). Referring to FIG. 7, the decoding unit (120) can determine the order in which the second encoding units (710a, 710b) determined by dividing the first encoding unit (700) in the vertical direction are processed in the horizontal direction (710c). The image decoding device (100) can determine the order in which the second encoding units (730a, 730b) determined by dividing the first encoding unit (700) in the horizontal direction are processed in the vertical direction (730c). The image decoding device (100) can determine second encoding units (750a, 750b, 750c, 750d) determined by dividing the first encoding unit (700) in the vertical and horizontal directions according to a predetermined order (e.g., raster scan order or z scan order (750e), etc.) in which encoding units located in one row are processed and then encoding units located in the next row are processed. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) can recursively split the encoding units. Referring to FIG. 7, the decoding unit (120) can split the first encoding unit (700) to determine a plurality of encoding units (710a, 710b, 730a, 730b, 750a, 750b, 750c, 750d), and can recursively split each of the determined plurality of encoding units (710a, 710b, 730a, 730b, 750a, 750b, 750c, 750d). A method for splitting the plurality of coding units (710a, 710b, 730a, 730b, 750a, 750b, 750c, 750d) may be a similar method to a method for splitting the first coding unit (700). Accordingly, the plurality of coding units (710a, 710b, 730a, 730b, 750a, 750b, 750c, 750d) may each be independently split into the plurality of coding units. Referring to FIG. 7, the decoding unit (120) may split the first coding unit (700) in the vertical direction to determine the second coding units (710a, 710b), and further may determine to independently split or not split each of the second coding units (710a, 710b). According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may horizontally divide the second encoding unit (710a) on the left into third encoding units (720a, 720b), and may not divide the second encoding unit (710b) on the right. According to one embodiment, the processing order of the coding units may be determined based on the splitting process of the coding units. In other words, the processing order of the split coding units may be determined based on the processing order of the coding units before splitting. The decoding unit (120) may determine the processing order of the third coding units (720a, 720b) ​​determined by splitting the second coding unit (710a) on the left independently from the second coding unit (710b) on the right. Since the second coding unit (710a) on the left is split horizontally and the third coding units (720a, 720b) ​​are determined, the third coding units (720a, 720b) ​​may be processed in the vertical direction (720c). In addition, since the order in which the second coding unit (710a) on the left and the second coding unit (710b) on the right are processed corresponds to the horizontal direction (710c), the right coding unit (710b) can be processed after the third coding unit (720a, 720b) ​​included in the second coding unit (710a) on the left is processed in the vertical direction (720c). Since the above-described content is intended to explain the process in which the processing order of the coding units is determined according to the coding units before splitting, it should not be interpreted as being limited to the above-described embodiment, but should be interpreted as being utilized in various ways in which coding units that are split and determined in various forms can be independently processed according to a predetermined order. FIG. 8 illustrates a process for determining that a current encoding unit is divided into an odd number of encoding units when the encoding units cannot be processed in a predetermined order according to one embodiment of the present invention. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may determine that the current encoding unit is divided into an odd number of encoding units based on the block shape information and the division shape information acquired by the bitstream acquisition unit (110). Referring to FIG. 8, a first encoding unit (800) having a square shape may be divided into second encoding units (810a, 810b) having a non-square shape, and the second encoding units (810a, 810b) may each be independently divided into third encoding units (820a, 820b, 820c, 820d, 820e). According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine a plurality of third encoding units (820a, 820b) by horizontally dividing the left encoding unit (810a) among the second encoding units, and may divide the right encoding unit (810b) into an odd number of third encoding units (820c, 820d, 820e). According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine whether the third coding units (820a, 820b, 820c, 820d, 820e) can be processed in a predetermined order to determine whether there is an odd-numbered split coding unit. Referring to FIG. 8, the decoding unit (120) may determine the third coding units (820a, 820b, 820c, 820d, 820e) by recursively splitting the first coding unit (800). The decoding unit (120) can determine whether the first encoding unit (800), the second encoding unit (810a, 810b), or the third encoding unit (820a, 820b, 820c, 820d, 820e) is divided into an odd number of encoding units based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information. For example, the encoding unit located on the right side of the second encoding unit (810a, 810b) can be split into an odd number of third encoding units (820c, 820d, 820e). The order in which the plurality of encoding units included in the first encoding unit (800) are processed can be a predetermined order (for example, a z-scan order (830)), and the decoding unit (120) can determine whether the third encoding unit (820c, 820d, 820e) determined by dividing the second encoding unit (810b) on the right into odd numbers satisfies a condition in which the third encoding unit can be processed according to the predetermined order. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) can determine whether the third encoding units (820a, 820b, 820c, 820d, 820e) included in the first encoding unit (800) satisfy a condition that they can be processed in a predetermined order, and the condition is related to whether at least one of the width and height of the second encoding unit (810a, 810b) is split in half according to the boundary of the third encoding unit (820a, 820b, 820c, 820d, 820e). For example, the third coding unit (820a, 820b) determined by dividing the height of the left second coding unit (810a) of a non-square shape in half satisfies the condition, but the boundaries of the third coding units (820c, 820d, 820e) determined by dividing the right second coding unit (810b) into three coding units do not divide the width or height of the right second coding unit (810b) in half, so it may be determined that the third coding units (820c, 820d, 820e) do not satisfy the condition, and the image decoding device (100) may determine that the scan order is disconnected in the case of such condition dissatisfaction, and may determine that the right second coding unit (810b) is divided into an odd number of coding units based on the determination result. According to one embodiment, when the image decoding device (100) is divided into an odd number of encoding units, a predetermined restriction may be placed on an encoding unit at a predetermined position among the divided encoding units. Since the contents of such restrictions or predetermined positions, etc. have been described above through various embodiments, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 9 illustrates a process in which a video decoding device (100) divides a first coding unit (900) to determine at least one coding unit, according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may divide the first coding unit (900) based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information obtained through the bitstream obtaining unit (110). The first coding unit (900) having a square shape may be divided into four coding units having a square shape or may be divided into a plurality of coding units having a non-square shape. For example, referring to FIG. 9, when the block shape information indicates that the first coding unit (900) is square and the split shape information indicates that it is divided into non-square coding units, the decoding unit (120) may divide the first coding unit (900) into a plurality of non-square coding units. Specifically, when the split shape information indicates that the first encoding unit (900) is split in the horizontal or vertical direction to determine an odd number of encoding units, the decoding unit (120) can split the square-shaped first encoding unit (900) into second encoding units (910a, 910b, 910c) determined by splitting in the vertical direction into odd numbers of encoding units or second encoding units (920a, 920b, 920c) determined by splitting in the horizontal direction. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) can determine whether the second coding units (910a, 910b, 910c, 920a, 920b, 920c) included in the first coding unit (900) satisfy a condition that they can be processed in a predetermined order, and the condition is related to whether at least one of the width and height of the first coding unit (900) is split in half according to the boundary of the second coding units (910a, 910b, 910c, 920a, 920b, 920c). Referring to FIG. 9, since the boundaries of the second coding units (910a, 910b, 910c) determined by vertically dividing the first coding unit (900) having a square shape do not divide the width of the first coding unit (900) in half, it may be determined that the first coding unit (900) does not satisfy the condition that it can be processed in a predetermined order. In addition, since the boundaries of the second coding units (920a, 920b, 920c) determined by horizontally dividing the first coding unit (900) having a square shape do not divide the width of the first coding unit (900) in half, it may be determined that the first coding unit (900) does not satisfy the condition that it can be processed in a predetermined order. The image decoding device (100) may determine that the scan order is disconnected in the case of such condition dissatisfaction, and may determine that the first encoding unit (900) is divided into an odd number of encoding units based on the determination result. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may place a predetermined restriction on an encoding unit at a predetermined position among the divided encoding units when the encoding unit is divided into an odd number of encoding units. Since the contents of such restriction or the predetermined position, etc. have been described above through various embodiments, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) can divide the first encoding unit to determine encoding units of various shapes. Referring to FIG. 9, the image decoding device (100) can divide a first encoding unit (900) having a square shape and a first encoding unit (930 or 950) having a non-square shape into encoding units of various shapes. FIG. 10 illustrates that, according to one embodiment, a video decoding device (100) limits the shapes into which a second encoding unit can be divided when a non-square shape of a second encoding unit determined by splitting a first encoding unit (1000) satisfies a predetermined condition. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine to split the first coding unit (1000) having a square shape into second coding units (1010a, 1010b, 1020a, 1020b) having a non-square shape based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information acquired through the bitstream acquisition unit (110). The second coding units (1010a, 1010b, 1020a, 1020b) may be split independently. Accordingly, the decoding unit (120) may determine to split or not to split into a plurality of coding units based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information related to each of the second coding units (1010a, 1010b, 1020a, 1020b). According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine third coding units (1012a, 1012b) by horizontally dividing the left second coding unit (1010a) of a non-square shape determined by vertically dividing the first coding unit (1000). However, when the decoding unit (120) horizontally divides the left second coding unit (1010a), the right second coding unit (1010b) may be restricted from being horizontally divided in the same direction as the direction in which the left second coding unit (1010a) is divided. If the second coding unit on the right (1010b) is split in the same direction to determine the third coding unit (1014a, 1014b), the second coding unit on the left (1010a) and the second coding unit on the right (1010b) may be independently split in the horizontal direction to determine the third coding unit (1012a, 1012b, 1014a, 1014b). However, this is the same result as the decoding unit (120) splitting the first coding unit (1000) into four square-shaped second coding units (1030a, 1030b, 1030c, 1030d) based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information, which may be inefficient in terms of image decoding. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine third coding units (1022a, 1022b, 1024a, 1024b) by vertically dividing the second coding units (1020a or 1020b) of a non-square shape determined by splitting the first coding unit (900) in the horizontal direction. However, if the decoding unit (120) splits one of the second coding units (e.g., the upper second coding unit (1020a)) in the vertical direction, the decoding unit (120) may restrict other second coding units (e.g., the lower coding unit (1020b)) from being split in the same vertical direction as the direction in which the upper second coding unit (1020a) is split, for the reasons described above. FIG. 11 illustrates a process in which an image decoding device (100) divides a square-shaped encoding unit when the segmentation shape information cannot indicate that the encoding unit is divided into four square-shaped encoding units according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may split the first coding unit (1100) based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information to determine the second coding units (1110a, 1110b, 1120a, 1120b, etc.). The split shape information may include information about various shapes into which the coding unit may be split, but the information about various shapes may not include information for splitting the coding unit into four coding units having a square shape. According to such split shape information, the decoding unit (120) cannot split the first coding unit (1100) having a square shape into four second coding units having a square shape (1130a, 1130b, 1130c, 1130d). Based on the segmentation shape information, the decoding unit (120) can determine a second encoding unit (1110a, 1110b, 1120a, 1120b, etc.) of a non-square shape. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) can independently split each of the second coding units (1110a, 1110b, 1120a, 1120b, etc.) having a non-square shape. Each of the second coding units (1110a, 1110b, 1120a, 1120b, etc.) can be split in a predetermined order using a recursive method, which can be a splitting method similar to a method in which the first coding unit (1100) is split based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information. For example, the decoding unit (120) may determine a third coding unit (1112a, 1112b) in a square shape by horizontally splitting the second left coding unit (1110a) and may determine a third coding unit (1114a, 1114b) in a square shape by horizontally splitting the second right coding unit (1110b). Furthermore, the decoding unit (120) may determine a third coding unit (1116a, 1116b, 1116c, 1116d) in a square shape by horizontally splitting both the second left coding unit (1110a) and the second right coding unit (1110b). In this case, the encoding unit can be determined in the same form as the first encoding unit (1100) being divided into four square-shaped second encoding units (1130a, 1130b, 1130c, 1130d). As another example, the decoding unit (120) may determine third coding units (1122a, 1122b) in a square shape by vertically splitting the upper second coding unit (1120a) and may determine third coding units (1124a, 1124b) in a square shape by vertically splitting the lower second coding unit (1120b). Furthermore, the decoding unit (120) may determine third coding units (1122a, 1122b, 1124a, 1124b) in a square shape by vertically splitting both the upper second coding unit (1120a) and the lower second coding unit (1120b). In this case, the encoding unit can be determined in the same form as the first encoding unit (1100) being divided into four square-shaped second encoding units (1130a, 1130b, 1130c, 1130d). FIG. 12 illustrates that, according to one embodiment, the processing order between a plurality of encoding units may vary depending on the process of dividing the encoding units. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may split the first coding unit (1200) based on the block shape information and the split shape information. If the block shape information indicates a square shape and the split shape information indicates that the first coding unit (1200) is split in at least one of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the decoding unit (1200) may split the first coding unit (1200) to determine the second coding unit (e.g., 1210a, 1210b, 1220a, 1220b, 1230a, 1230b, 1230c, 1230d, etc.). Referring to FIG. 12, the first encoding unit 1200) is divided only in the horizontal or vertical direction, and the second encoding units (1210a, 1210b, 1220a, 1220b) of a non-square shape determined can be independently divided based on block shape information and division shape information for each. For example, the decoding unit (120) can determine third coding units (1216a, 1216b, 1216c, 1216d) by horizontally dividing second coding units (1210a, 1210b) generated by vertically dividing first coding units (1200) and can determine third coding units (1216a, 1216b, 1216c, 1216d) by horizontally dividing second coding units (1220a, 1220b) generated by horizontally dividing first coding units (1200) and can determine third coding units (1226a, 1226b, 1226c, 1226d) by horizontally dividing second coding units (1210a, 1210b, 1220a, 1220b). Since the process of dividing the second coding units (1210a, 1210b, 1220a, 1220b) has been described above with reference to FIG. 10, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) can process the coding units according to a predetermined order. Since the characteristics of processing the coding units according to a predetermined order have been described above with respect to FIG. 7, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. Referring to FIG. 12, the decoding unit (120) can divide a first coding unit (1200) having a square shape into four third coding units having a square shape (1216a, 1216b, 1216c, 1216d, 1226a, 1226b, 1226c, 1226d). According to one embodiment, the decryption unit (120) can determine the processing order of the third encoding units (1216a, 1216b, 1216c, 1216d, 1226a, 1226b, 1226c, 1226d) depending on the form in which the first encoding unit (1200) is divided. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine third coding units (1216a, 1216b, 1216c, 1216d) by horizontally dividing the second coding units (1210a, 1210b) generated by being vertically divided, respectively, and the decoding unit (120) may process the third coding units (1216a, 1216b, 1216c, 1216d) according to an order (1217) in which the third coding units (1216a, 1216b) included in the left second coding unit (1210a) are first processed in the vertical direction and then the third coding units (1216c, 1216d) included in the right second coding unit (1210b) are processed in the vertical direction. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine third coding units (1226a, 1226b, 1226c, 1226d) by vertically dividing the second coding units (1220a, 1220b) generated by being divided in the horizontal direction, respectively, and the decoding unit (120) may process the third coding units (1226a, 1226b, 1226c, 1226d) according to the order (1227) of first processing the third coding units (1226a, 1226b) included in the upper second coding unit (1220a) in the horizontal direction and then processing the third coding units (1226c, 1226d) included in the lower second coding unit (1220b) in the horizontal direction. Referring to FIG. 12, the second coding units (1210a, 1210b, 1220a, 1220b) can be each divided to determine the third coding units (1216a, 1216b, 1216c, 1216d, 1226a, 1226b, 1226c, 1226d) having a square shape. The second coding units (1210a, 1210b) determined by being vertically divided and the second coding units (1220a, 1220b) determined by being horizontally divided are divided into different shapes, but according to the third coding units (1216a, 1216b, 1216c, 1216d, 1226a, 1226b, 1226c, 1226d) determined later, the first coding unit (1200) is ultimately divided into coding units of the same shape. Accordingly, even if the decoding unit (120) determines coding units of the same shape as a result by recursively splitting the coding unit through a different process based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information, it can process a plurality of coding units determined of the same shape in different orders. FIG. 13 illustrates a process in which the depth of an encoding unit is determined as the shape and size of the encoding unit change when the encoding unit is recursively split to determine a plurality of encoding units according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine the depth of the encoding unit according to a predetermined criterion. For example, the predetermined criterion may be the length of the long side of the encoding unit. If the length of the long side of the current encoding unit is split by 2n (n>0) times more than the length of the long side of the encoding unit before splitting, the decoding unit (120) may determine that the depth of the current encoding unit is increased by n compared to the depth of the encoding unit before splitting. Hereinafter, the encoding unit with the increased depth is expressed as an encoding unit of a lower depth. Referring to FIG. 13, according to one embodiment, based on block shape information indicating a square shape (for example, the block shape information may indicate '0: SQUARE'), the decoding unit (120) may divide a first coding unit (1300) having a square shape to determine a second coding unit (1302), a third coding unit (1304) of a lower depth, etc. If the size of the first coding unit (1300) having a square shape is 2Nx2N, the second coding unit (1302) determined by dividing the width and height of the first coding unit (1300) by 1 / 21 may have a size of NxN. Furthermore, the third coding unit (1304) determined by dividing the width and height of the second coding unit (1302) by 1 / 2 may have a size of N / 2xN / 2. In this case, the width and height of the third coding unit (1304) correspond to 1 / 22 times that of the first coding unit (1300). When the depth of the first coding unit (1300) is D, the depth of the second coding unit (1302), which is 1 / 21 times that of the width and height of the first coding unit (1300), may be D+1, and the depth of the third coding unit (1304), which is 1 / 22 times that of the width and height of the first coding unit (1300), may be D+2. According to one embodiment, based on block shape information indicating a non-square shape (for example, the block shape information may indicate '1: NS_VER' indicating a non-square shape in which the height is longer than the width or '2: NS_HOR' indicating a non-square shape in which the width is longer than the height), the decoding unit (120) may split a first coding unit (1310 or 1320) having a non-square shape to determine a second coding unit (1312 or 1322), a third coding unit (1314 or 1324) of a lower depth, etc. The decoding unit (120) can determine the second coding unit (e.g., 1302, 1312, 1322, etc.) by splitting at least one of the width and height of the first coding unit (1310) having a size of Nx2N. That is, the decoding unit (120) can determine the second coding unit (1302) having a size of NxN or the second coding unit (1322) having a size of NxN / 2 by splitting the first coding unit (1310) in the horizontal direction, and can also determine the second coding unit (1312) having a size of N / 2xN by splitting it in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine the second coding unit (e.g., 1302, 1312, 1322, etc.) by splitting at least one of the width and the height of the first coding unit (1320) having a size of 2NxN. That is, the decoding unit (120) may split the first coding unit (1320) in the vertical direction to determine the second coding unit (1302) having a size of NxN or the second coding unit (1312) having a size of N / 2xN, and may also split the first coding unit (1320) in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction to determine the second coding unit (1322) having a size of NxN / 2. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine a third coding unit (e.g., 1304, 1314, 1324, etc.) by splitting at least one of the width and the height of the second coding unit (1302) having a size of NxN. That is, the decoding unit (120) may split the second coding unit (1302) in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction to determine a third coding unit (1304) having a size of N / 2xN / 2, a third coding unit (1314) having a size of N / 22xN / 2, or a third coding unit (1324) having a size of N / 2xN / 22. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine a third coding unit (e.g., 1304, 1314, 1324, etc.) by splitting at least one of the width and the height of the second coding unit (1312) having a size of N / 2xN. That is, the decoding unit (120) may split the second coding unit (1312) in the horizontal direction to determine a third coding unit (1304) having a size of N / 2xN / 2 or a third coding unit (1324) having a size of N / 2xN / 2, or may split the second coding unit (1312) in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction to determine a third coding unit (1314) having a size of N / 22xN / 2. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine a third coding unit (e.g., 1304, 1314, 1324, etc.) by splitting at least one of the width and the height of the second coding unit (1314) having a size of NxN / 2. That is, the decoding unit (120) may split the second coding unit (1312) in the vertical direction to determine a third coding unit (1304) having a size of N / 2xN / 2 or a third coding unit (1314) having a size of N / 2xN / 2, or may split the second coding unit (1312) in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction to determine a third coding unit (1324) having a size of N / 2xN / 22. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may split a square-shaped coding unit (e.g., 1300, 1302, 1304) in a horizontal or vertical direction. For example, a first coding unit (1300) having a size of 2Nx2N may be split in the vertical direction to determine a first coding unit (1310) having a size of Nx2N, or may be split in the horizontal direction to determine a first coding unit (1320) having a size of 2NxN. According to one embodiment, when the depth is determined based on the length of the longest side of the coding unit, the depth of the coding unit determined by splitting the first coding unit (1300, 1302, or 1304) having a size of 2Nx2N in the horizontal or vertical direction may be identical to the depth of the first coding unit (1300, 1302, or 1304). According to one embodiment, the width and height of the third coding unit (1314 or 1324) may be 1 / 22 times that of the first coding unit (1310 or 1320). When the depth of the first coding unit (1310 or 1320) is D, the depth of the second coding unit (1312 or 1314), which is 1 / 2 times that of the width and height of the first coding unit (1310 or 1320), may be D+1, and the depth of the third coding unit (1314 or 1324), which is 1 / 22 times that of the width and height of the first coding unit (1310 or 1320), may be D+2. FIG. 14 illustrates an index (part index, hereinafter referred to as PID) for depth and encoding unit distinction that can be determined according to the shape and size of encoding units according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may split a first coding unit (1400) having a square shape to determine second coding units of various shapes. Referring to FIG. 14, the decoding unit (120) may split the first coding unit (1400) in at least one of a vertical direction and a horizontal direction according to the split shape information to determine second coding units (1402a, 1402b, 1404a, 1404b, 1406a, 1406b, 1406c, 1406d). That is, the decryption unit (120) can determine the second encoding unit (1402a, 1402b, 1404a, 1404b, 1406a, 1406b, 1406c, 1406d) based on the segmentation shape information for the first encoding unit (1400). According to one embodiment, the depth of the second coding units (1402a, 1402b, 1404a, 1404b, 1406a, 1406b, 1406c, 1406d) determined according to the split shape information for the first coding unit (1400) having a square shape may be determined based on the length of the long side. For example, since the length of one side of the first coding unit (1400) having a square shape and the length of the long side of the second coding unit (1402a, 1402b, 1404a, 1404b) having a non-square shape are the same, the depths of the first coding unit (1400) and the second coding units (1402a, 1402b, 1404a, 1404b) having a non-square shape may be regarded as being the same as D. In contrast, when the decoding unit (120) splits the first encoding unit (1400) into four square-shaped second encoding units (1406a, 1406b, 1406c, 1406d) based on the split shape information, the length of one side of the square-shaped second encoding units (1406a, 1406b, 1406c, 1406d) is half the length of one side of the first encoding unit (1400), so the depth of the second encoding units (1406a, 1406b, 1406c, 1406d) may be a depth of D+1, which is one depth lower than the depth D of the first encoding unit (1400). According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may split a first coding unit (1410) having a shape in which the height is longer than the width into a plurality of second coding units (1412a, 1412b, 1414a, 1414b, 1414c) in a horizontal direction according to the split shape information. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may split a first coding unit (1420) having a shape in which the width is longer than the height into a plurality of second coding units (1422a, 1422b, 1424a, 1424b, 1424c) in a vertical direction according to the split shape information. According to one embodiment, the second coding unit (1412a, 1412b, 1414a, 1414b, 1416a, 1416b, 1416c, 1416d) determined according to the split shape information for the first coding unit (1410 or 1420) of a non-square shape may have its depth determined based on the length of its long side. For example, since the length of one side of the second coding unit (1412a, 1412b) having a square shape is half the length of one side of the first coding unit (1410) having a non-square shape in which the height is longer than the width, the depth of the second coding unit (1402a, 1402b, 1404a, 1404b) having a square shape is D+1, which is one depth lower than the depth D of the first coding unit (1410) having a non-square shape. Furthermore, the decoding unit (120) may split the non-square first coding unit (1410) into an odd number of second coding units (1414a, 1414b, 1414c) based on the splitting shape information. The odd number of second coding units (1414a, 1414b, 1414c) may include the non-square second coding units (1414a, 1414c) and the square second coding unit (1414b). In this case, since the length of the long side of the second coding unit (1414a, 1414c) of a non-square shape and the length of one side of the second coding unit (1414b) of a square shape are half the length of one side of the first coding unit (1410), the depth of the second coding unit (1414a, 1414b, 1414c) may be a depth of D+1, which is one depth lower than the depth D of the first coding unit (1410). The decoding unit (120) may determine the depth of the coding units associated with the first coding unit (1420) of a non-square shape, in a manner similar to the above method of determining the depth of the coding units associated with the first coding unit (1410), the width of which is longer than the height. According to one embodiment, when determining an index (PID) for distinguishing the divided coding units, the decoding unit (120) may determine the index based on a size ratio between the coding units if the coding units divided into an odd number of units do not have the same size. Referring to FIG. 14, among the coding units (1414a, 1414b, 1414c) divided into an odd number of units, the coding unit (1414b) located in the middle may have the same width as the other coding units (1414a, 1414c) but may have a height twice that of the coding units (1414a, 1414c) that are different in height. That is, in this case, the coding unit (1414b) located in the middle may include two of the other coding units (1414a, 1414c). Accordingly, if the index (PID) of the encoding unit (1414b) located in the middle according to the scan order is 1, the index of the encoding unit (1414c) located in the next order may be 3, which is increased by 2. In other words, there may be a discontinuity in the value of the index. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine whether the encoding units divided into an odd number are not of the same size based on the presence or absence of discontinuity in the index for distinguishing between the divided encoding units. (Determining tri-split using PID) According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may determine whether the current encoding unit is divided into a specific split shape based on the value of an index for distinguishing a plurality of encoding units that are divided and determined. Referring to FIG. 14, the image decoding device (100) may divide a first encoding unit (1410) having a rectangular shape in which a height is longer than a width, and determine an even number of encoding units (1412a, 1412b) or an odd number of encoding units (1414a, 1414b, 1414c). The image decoding device (100) may use an index (PID) representing each encoding unit to distinguish each of the plurality of encoding units. According to one embodiment, the PID may be obtained from a sample (for example, an upper left sample) at a predetermined position of each encoding unit. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may determine an coding unit at a predetermined position among the coding units that are divided and determined using an index for distinguishing the coding units. According to one embodiment, when the split shape information for a first coding unit (1410) having a rectangular shape in which the height is longer than the width indicates that the first coding unit (1410) is divided into three coding units, the image decoding device (100) may divide the first coding unit (1410) into three coding units (1414a, 1414b, 1414c). The image decoding device (100) may assign an index to each of the three coding units (1414a, 1414b, 1414c). The image decoding device (100) may compare the indexes for each coding unit to determine the middle coding unit among the coding units that are divided into an odd number of units. The image decoding device (100) may determine an coding unit (1414b) having an index corresponding to a middle value among the indices of the coding units as an coding unit at a middle position among the coding units determined by splitting the first coding unit (1410). According to an embodiment, when determining an index for distinguishing the split coding units, the image decoding device (100) may determine the index based on a size ratio between the coding units when the coding units do not have the same size. Referring to FIG. 14, an coding unit (1414b) generated by splitting the first coding unit (1410) may have the same width as other coding units (1414a, 1414c) but may have a height twice that of coding units (1414a, 1414c) that are different in height. In this case, if the index (PID) of the encoding unit (1414b) located in the middle is 1, the index of the encoding unit (1414c) located in the next order may be 3, which is an increase of 2.In cases like this where the index increases uniformly and then the increase amount changes, the image decoding device (100) may determine that the current encoding unit is divided into a plurality of encoding units including encoding units having different sizes from other encoding units. According to one embodiment, when the split type information indicates that the current encoding unit is divided into an odd number of encoding units, the image decoding device (100) may divide the current encoding unit into a form in which an encoding unit at a predetermined position (for example, a middle encoding unit) among the odd number of encoding units has a different size from the other encoding units. In this case, the image decoding device (100) may determine the middle encoding unit having a different size by using an index (PID) for the encoding unit. However, since the above-described index, the size or position of the encoding unit at the predetermined position to be determined are specific for explaining one embodiment, they should not be interpreted as being limited thereto, and it should be interpreted that various indexes, positions, and sizes of encoding units can be used. According to one embodiment, the decryption unit (120) may utilize a predetermined data unit from which recursive division of the encoding unit begins. FIG. 15 illustrates that a plurality of coding units are determined according to a plurality of predetermined data units included in a picture according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, a predetermined data unit may be defined as a data unit from which an encoding unit begins to be recursively divided using at least one of block shape information and split shape information. That is, it may correspond to an encoding unit of the highest depth used in a process in which a plurality of encoding units for dividing a current picture are determined. For convenience of explanation, the predetermined data unit will be referred to as a reference data unit in the following. According to one embodiment, the reference data unit may represent a predetermined size and shape. According to one embodiment, the reference coding unit may include MxN samples, where M and N may be equal to each other and may be integers expressed as powers of 2. That is, the reference data unit may represent a square or non-square shape, and may be subsequently divided into an integer number of coding units. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) of the image decoding device (100) can divide the current picture into a plurality of reference data units. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) can divide the plurality of reference data units for dividing the current picture using division information for each reference data unit. This division process of the reference data units can correspond to a division process using a quad-tree structure. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine in advance the minimum size that a reference data unit included in the current picture may have. Accordingly, the decoding unit (120) may determine reference data units of various sizes having a size greater than the minimum size, and may determine at least one encoding unit using block shape information and segmentation shape information based on the determined reference data unit. Referring to FIG. 15, the image decoding device (100) may use a reference coding unit (1500) having a square shape, or may use a reference coding unit (1502) having a non-square shape. According to one embodiment, the shape and size of the reference coding unit may be determined according to various data units (e.g., sequence, picture, slice, slice segment, maximum coding unit, etc.) that may include at least one reference coding unit. According to one embodiment, the bitstream acquisition unit (110) of the image decoding device (100) may acquire at least one of information about the shape of the reference coding unit and information about the size of the reference coding unit from the bitstream for each of the various data units. The process of determining at least one coding unit included in the square-shaped reference coding unit (1500) has been described above through the process of dividing the current coding unit (300) of FIG. 3, and the process of determining at least one coding unit included in the non-square-shaped reference coding unit (1500) has been described above through the process of dividing the current coding unit (400 or 450) of FIG. 4, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may use an index for identifying the size and shape of the reference coding unit in order to determine the size and shape of the reference coding unit according to some data units that are determined in advance based on a predetermined condition. That is, the bitstream acquisition unit (110) may obtain only an index for identifying the size and shape of the reference coding unit for each slice, slice segment, maximum coding unit, etc., among the various data units (e.g., sequences, pictures, slices, slice segments, maximum coding units, etc.) that satisfy a predetermined condition (e.g., data units having a size smaller than a slice) from the bitstream. The decoding unit (120) may determine the size and shape of the reference data unit for each data unit that satisfies the predetermined condition by using the index. When information about the shape of the reference coding unit and information about the size of the reference coding unit are acquired and used from the bitstream for each relatively small-sized data unit, the efficiency of the bitstream use may not be good. Therefore, instead of directly acquiring information about the shape of the reference coding unit and information about the size of the reference coding unit, only the index may be acquired and used. In this case, at least one of the sizes and shapes of the reference coding unit related to the index indicating the size and shape of the reference coding unit may be determined in advance. That is, the decoding unit (120) can determine at least one of the sizes and shapes of the reference coding unit included in the data unit that serves as the criterion for obtaining the index by selecting at least one of the sizes and shapes of the predetermined reference coding unit according to the index. According to one embodiment, the decoder (120) may utilize at least one reference coding unit included in one maximum coding unit. That is, a maximum coding unit for dividing an image may include at least one reference coding unit, and an coding unit may be determined through a recursive division process of each reference coding unit. According to one embodiment, at least one of the width and the height of the maximum coding unit may correspond to an integer multiple of at least one of the width and the height of the reference coding unit. According to one embodiment, the size of the reference coding unit may be a size obtained by dividing the maximum coding unit n times according to a quad tree structure. That is, the decoder (120) may determine the reference coding unit by dividing the maximum coding unit n times according to the quad tree structure, and may divide the reference coding unit based on at least one of the block shape information and the division shape information according to various embodiments. FIG. 16 illustrates a processing block that serves as a criterion for determining the determination order of reference coding units included in a picture (1600) according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine at least one processing block for dividing a picture. The processing block is a data unit including at least one reference coding unit for dividing an image, and at least one reference coding unit included in the processing block may be determined in a specific order. That is, the determination order of at least one reference coding unit determined in each processing block may correspond to one of various types of orders in which the reference coding unit may be determined, and the determination order of the reference coding unit determined in each processing block may be different for each processing block. The determination order of the reference coding unit determined for each processing block may be one of various orders such as raster scan, Z-scan, N-scan, up-right diagonal scan, horizontal scan, and vertical scan, but the order in which it may be determined should not be interpreted as being limited to the scan orders. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) can obtain information about the size of a processing block to determine the size of at least one processing block included in an image. The decoding unit (120) can obtain information about the size of a processing block from a bitstream to determine the size of at least one processing block included in an image. The size of the processing block may be a predetermined size of a data unit indicated by the information about the size of the processing block. According to one embodiment, the bitstream acquisition unit (110) of the image decoding device (100) can acquire information about the size of a processing block from a bitstream for each specific data unit. For example, the information about the size of a processing block can be acquired from a bitstream for each data unit, such as an image, a sequence, a picture, a slice, a slice segment, etc. That is, the bitstream acquisition unit (110) can acquire information about the size of a processing block from a bitstream for each of the above-described multiple data units, and the decoding unit (120) can determine the size of at least one processing block for dividing a picture by using the acquired information about the size of the processing block, and the size of the processing block can be an integer multiple of a reference coding unit. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine the size of the processing block (1602, 1612) included in the picture (1600). For example, the decoding unit (120) may determine the size of the processing block based on information about the size of the processing block obtained from the bitstream. Referring to FIG. 16, according to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine the horizontal size of the processing block (1602, 1612) to be four times the horizontal size of the reference coding unit, and the vertical size of the processing block (1602, 1612) to be four times the vertical size of the reference coding unit. The decoding unit (120) may determine the order in which at least one reference coding unit is determined within at least one processing block. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine each processing block (1602, 1612) included in the picture (1600) based on the size of the processing block, and the reference coding unit determining unit (12) may determine the determination order of at least one reference coding unit included in the processing block (1602, 1612). According to one embodiment, the determination of the reference coding unit may include the determination of the size of the reference coding unit. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) can obtain information about a determination order of at least one reference coding unit included in at least one processing block from a bitstream, and determine an order in which at least one reference coding unit is determined based on the information about the obtained determination order. The information about the determination order can be defined as an order or direction in which reference coding units are determined within a processing block. That is, the order in which reference coding units are determined can be independently determined for each processing block. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) can obtain information about the determination order of the reference coding unit for each specific data unit from the bitstream. For example, the bitstream acquisition unit (110) can obtain information about the determination order of the reference coding unit for each data unit such as an image, a sequence, a picture, a slice, a slice segment, a processing block, etc. from the bitstream. Since the information about the determination order of the reference coding unit indicates the determination order of the reference coding unit within a processing block, the information about the determination order can be obtained for each specific data unit including an integer number of processing blocks. The image decoding device (100) can determine at least one reference encoding unit based on an order determined according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the bitstream acquisition unit (110) may acquire information about the reference coding unit determination order as information related to the processing blocks (1602, 1612) from the bitstream, and the decoding unit (120) may determine the order of determining at least one reference coding unit included in the processing blocks (1602, 1612) and determine at least one reference coding unit included in the picture (1600) according to the determination order of the coding units. Referring to FIG. 16, the decoding unit (120) may determine the determination order (1604, 1614) of at least one reference coding unit related to each processing block (1602, 1612). For example, when information about the determination order of the reference coding unit is acquired for each processing block, the determination order of the reference coding unit related to each processing block (1602, 1612) may be different for each processing block. If the reference encoding unit determination order (1604) related to the processing block (1602) is a raster scan order, the reference encoding unit included in the processing block (1602) can be determined according to the raster scan order. In contrast, if the reference encoding unit determination order (1614) related to another processing block (1612) is a reverse order of the raster scan order, the reference encoding unit included in the processing block (1612) can be determined according to the reverse order of the raster scan order. The decoding unit (120) can decode at least one determined reference coding unit according to one embodiment. The decoding unit (120) can decode an image based on the determined reference coding unit through the above-described embodiment. The method of decoding the reference coding unit can include various methods of decoding an image. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may obtain and use block shape information indicating a shape of a current encoding unit or segmentation shape information indicating a method of dividing the current encoding unit from a bitstream. The block shape information or the segmentation shape information may be included in a bitstream related to various data units. For example, the image decoding device (100) may use block shape information or segmentation shape information included in a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, a video parameter set, a slice header, and a slice segment header. Furthermore, the image decoding device (100) may obtain and use syntax related to block shape information or segmentation shape information from the bitstream for each maximum encoding unit, each reference encoding unit, and each processing block. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine the type of division form into which the encoding unit may be divided differently for each data unit. The decoding unit (120) of the image decoding device (100) may determine the combination of forms into which the encoding unit may be divided differently for each data unit (e.g., sequence, picture, slice, etc.) according to one embodiment. FIG. 17 illustrates coding units that can be determined for each picture when the combination of forms into which coding units can be divided is different for each picture according to one embodiment. Referring to FIG. 17, the decoding unit (120) can determine a different combination of partitioning shapes into which the coding unit can be partitioned for each picture. For example, the decoding unit (120) can decode an image using a picture (1700) that can be partitioned into four coding units, a picture (1710) that can be partitioned into two or four coding units, and a picture (1720) that can be partitioned into two, three, or four coding units, among at least one picture included in the image. The decoding unit (120) can use only the partitioning shape information indicating that the picture (1700) is partitioned into four square coding units to partition the picture (1700) into a plurality of coding units. The decoding unit (120) can use only the partitioning shape information indicating that the picture (1710) is partitioned into two or four coding units to partition the picture. The decoding unit (120) can only use the division type information indicating that the picture (1720) is divided into two, three, or four encoding units in order to divide the picture (1720). The above-described combination of division types is merely an example for explaining the operation of the image decoding device (100), so the above-described combination of division types should not be interpreted as being limited to the above-described example, and should be interpreted as being able to use various combinations of division types for each predetermined data unit. According to one embodiment, the bitstream acquisition unit (110) of the image decoding device (100) can acquire a bitstream including an index indicating a combination of segmentation type information for each predetermined data unit (e.g., sequence, picture, slice, etc.). For example, the bitstream acquisition unit (110) can acquire an index indicating a combination of segmentation type information from a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, or a slice header. The decoding unit (120) of the image decoding device (100) can determine a combination of segmentation types by which an encoding unit can be divided for each predetermined data unit using the acquired index, and thus can use different combinations of segmentation types for each predetermined data unit. FIG. 18 illustrates various forms of encoding units that can be determined based on segmentation shape information that can be expressed as binary code according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) can divide an encoding unit into various shapes using block shape information and division shape information obtained through the bitstream acquisition unit (110). The shapes of the encoding unit that can be divided may correspond to various shapes including the shapes explained through the above-described embodiments. Referring to FIG. 18, the decoding unit (120) can split a square-shaped encoding unit in at least one of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction based on the splitting shape information, and can split a non-square-shaped encoding unit in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction. According to one embodiment, when the decoding unit (120) can divide a square-shaped encoding unit into four square encoding units by horizontally and vertically splitting the encoding unit, there may be four types of split shapes that the split shape information for the square encoding unit can represent. According to one embodiment, the split shape information may be expressed as a two-digit binary code, and a binary code may be assigned to each split shape. For example, when the encoding unit is not split, the split shape information may be expressed as (00)b, when the encoding unit is split in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the split shape information may be expressed as (01)b, when the encoding unit is split in the horizontal direction, the split shape information may be expressed as (10)b, and when the encoding unit is split in the vertical direction, the split shape information may be expressed as (11)b. According to one embodiment, when the decoding unit (120) splits a non-square-shaped coding unit in a horizontal or vertical direction, the type of split shape that the split shape information can indicate may be determined depending on the number of coding units into which the coding unit is split. Referring to FIG. 18, the decoding unit (120) may split a non-square-shaped coding unit into up to three according to one embodiment. The decoding unit (120) may split the coding unit into two coding units, in which case the split shape information may be expressed as (10)b. The decoding unit (120) may split the coding unit into three coding units, in which case the split shape information may be expressed as (11)b. The decoding unit (120) may determine not to split the coding unit, in which case the split shape information may be expressed as (0)b. That is, the decryption unit (120) can use variable length coding (VLC) instead of fixed length coding (FLC) to use a binary code representing the segmentation type information. According to one embodiment, referring to FIG. 18, the binary code of the split shape information indicating that the coding unit is not split may be expressed as (0)b. If the binary code of the split shape information indicating that the coding unit is not split is set to (00)b, all binary codes of the 2-bit split shape information must be used even if there is no split shape information set to (01)b. However, as illustrated in FIG. 18, if three split shapes for a non-square-shaped coding unit are used, the decoding unit (120) can determine that the coding unit is not split even if it uses the 1-bit binary code (0)b as the split shape information, and thus the bitstream can be used efficiently. However, the split shapes of the non-square-shaped coding unit indicated by the split shape information should not be interpreted as being limited to only the three shapes illustrated in FIG. 18, but should be interpreted as various shapes including the embodiments described above. FIG. 19 illustrates another form of a coding unit that can be determined based on segmentation shape information that can be expressed in binary code according to one embodiment. Referring to FIG. 19, the decoding unit (120) can split a square-shaped encoding unit in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction based on the split shape information, and can split a non-square-shaped encoding unit in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction. That is, the split shape information can indicate that a square-shaped encoding unit is split in one direction. In this case, the binary code of the split shape information indicating that a square-shaped encoding unit is not split can be expressed as (0)b. If the binary code of the split shape information indicating that the encoding unit is not split is set to (00)b, the binary code of the 2-bit split shape information must be used even though there is no split shape information set to (01)b. However, as illustrated in FIG. 19, if three types of division forms for a square-shaped encoding unit are used, the decoding unit (120) can determine that the encoding unit is not divided even if a 1-bit binary code (0)b is used as the division form information, so that the bitstream can be used efficiently. However, the division forms of the square-shaped encoding unit indicated by the division form information should not be interpreted as being limited to only the three types illustrated in FIG. 19, but should be interpreted as various types including the embodiments described above. According to one embodiment, block shape information or segmentation shape information may be expressed using binary code, and such information may be directly generated as a bitstream. In addition, block shape information or segmentation shape information that may be expressed using binary code may not be directly generated as a bitstream, but may be used as a binary code input in CABAC (context adaptive binary arithmetic coding). According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) describes a process of obtaining syntax for block shape information or segmentation shape information through CABAC. A bitstream including a binary code for the syntax can be obtained through a bitstream obtaining unit (110). A decoding unit (120) can detect a syntax element indicating block shape information or segmentation shape information by inverse binarizing a bin string included in the obtained bitstream. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) can obtain a set of binary bin strings corresponding to syntax elements to be decoded, and decode each bin using probability information, and the decoding unit (120) can repeat until a bin string composed of the decoded bins becomes the same as one of the previously obtained bin strings. The decoding unit (120) can determine a syntax element by performing inverse binarization of the bin string. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may perform a decoding process of adaptive binary arithmetic coding to determine a syntax for an empty string, and the decoding unit (120) may update a probability model for the bins obtained through the bitstream obtaining unit (110). Referring to FIG. 18, the bitstream obtaining unit (110) of the image decoding device (100) may obtain a bitstream indicating a binary code indicating segmentation type information according to one embodiment. The decoding unit (120) may determine a syntax for the segmentation type information using the obtained binary code having a size of 1 bit or 2 bits. In order to determine the syntax for the segmentation type information, the decoding unit (120) may update a probability for each bit among the 2-bit binary codes. That is, the decryption unit (120) can update the probability of having a value of 0 or 1 when decrypting the next bin depending on whether the value of the first bin among the 2-bit binary codes is 0 or 1. According to one embodiment, the decryption unit (120) may update the probability for bins used in the process of decrypting the bins of the empty string for the syntax during the process of determining the syntax, and the decryption unit (120) may determine that certain bits among the empty strings have the same probability without updating the probability. Referring to FIG. 18, in a process of determining a syntax by using an empty string representing segmentation shape information for a non-square-shaped encoding unit, the decoding unit (120) may determine the syntax for the segmentation shape information by using one bin having a value of 0 if the non-square-shaped encoding unit is not split. That is, if the block shape information indicates that the current encoding unit is a non-square-shaped encoding unit, the first bin of the empty string for the segmentation shape information may be 0 if the non-square-shaped encoding unit is not split, and may be 1 if it is split into 2 or 3 encoding units. Accordingly, the probability that the first bin of the empty string of the segmentation shape information for the non-square encoding unit is 0 may be 1 / 3, and the probability that it is 1 may be 2 / 3. As described above, since the partition shape information indicating that a non-square-shaped encoding unit is not divided can only be expressed as a 1-bit empty string having a value of 0, the decoding unit (120) can determine the syntax for the partition shape information only when the first bin of the partition shape information is 1 by determining whether the second bin is 0 or 1. According to one embodiment, when the first bin for the partition shape information is 1, the decoding unit (120) can decode the bin by considering that the probability that the second bin is 0 or 1 is the same probability. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) may utilize various probabilities for each bin in the process of determining a bin of an empty string for the segmentation shape information. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine the probability of a bin for the segmentation shape information differently depending on the direction of a non-square block. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine the probability of a bin for the segmentation shape information differently depending on the width or the length of a long side of a current encoding unit. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine the probability of a bin for the segmentation shape information differently depending on at least one of the shape of the current encoding unit and the length of the long side. According to one embodiment, the decoding unit (120) may determine the bin probability for the partition shape information to be the same for encoding units of a predetermined size or larger. For example, the bin probability for the partition shape information may be determined to be the same for encoding units of a size of 64 samples or larger based on the length of the long side of the encoding unit. According to one embodiment, the decryption unit (120) may determine the initial probability for bins constituting the empty string of the segmentation shape information based on the slice type (e.g., I slice, P slice, or B slice, etc.). Figure 20 is a block diagram of an image encoding and decoding system that performs loop filtering. The encoding unit (2010) of the image encoding and decoding system (2000) transmits an encoded bitstream of an image, and the decoding unit (2050) receives and decodes the bitstream to output a restored image. Here, the encoding unit (2010) may have a configuration similar to an image encoding device (200) to be described later, and the decoding unit (2050) may have a configuration similar to an image decoding device (100). In the encoding unit (2010), the prediction encoding unit (2015) outputs a reference image through inter prediction and intra prediction, and the transformation and quantization unit (2020) quantizes residual data between the reference image and the current input image into quantized transform coefficients and outputs them. The entropy encoding unit (2025) encodes and transforms the quantized transform coefficients and outputs them as a bitstream. The quantized transform coefficients are restored as data in the spatial domain through the inverse quantization and inverse transformation unit (2030), and the restored data in the spatial domain are output as a restored image through the deblocking filtering unit (2035) and the loop filtering unit (2040). The restored image can be used as a reference image of the next input image through the prediction encoding unit (2015). Encoded image data among the bitstreams received by the decoding unit (2050) is restored to residual data in the spatial domain through the entropy decoding unit (2055) and the inverse quantization and inverse transformation unit (2060). The reference image and residual data output from the prediction decoding unit (2075) are combined to configure image data in the spatial domain, and the deblocking filtering unit (2065) and the loop filtering unit (2070) can perform filtering on the image data in the spatial domain to output a restored image for the current original image. The restored image can be used as a reference image for the next original image by the prediction decoding unit (2075). The loop filtering unit (2040) of the encoding unit (2010) performs loop filtering using filter information input according to user input or system settings. The filter information used by the loop filtering unit (2040) is output to the entropy encoding unit (2010) and transmitted to the decoding unit (2050) together with the encoded image data. The loop filtering unit (2070) of the decoding unit (2050) can perform loop filtering based on the filter information input from the decoding unit (2050). FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of filtering units included in a maximum encoding unit according to one embodiment and filtering performance information of the filtering unit. If the filtering unit of the loop filtering unit (2040) of the encoding unit (2010) and the loop filtering unit (2070) of the decoding unit (2050) are configured with data units similar to the encoding units according to the above-described embodiment through FIGS. 3 to 5, the filter information may include block type information and division type information of the data unit for indicating the filtering unit, and loop filtering performance information indicating whether loop filtering is performed for the filtering unit. The filtering units included in the maximum coding unit (2100) according to one embodiment may have the same block shape and split shape as the coding units included in the maximum coding unit (2100). In addition, the filtering units included in the maximum coding unit (2100) according to one embodiment may be split based on the sizes of the coding units included in the maximum coding unit (2100). For example, referring to FIG. 21, the filtering units may include a square-shaped filtering unit (2140) of depth D, a non-square-shaped filtering unit (2132, 2134) of depth D, a square-shaped filtering unit (2112, 2114, 2116, 2152, 2154, 2164) of depth D+1, a non-square-shaped filtering unit (2162, 2166) of depth D+1, and a square-shaped filtering unit (2122, 2124, 2126, 2128) of depth D+2. The block shape information, segmentation shape information (depth), and loop filtering performance information of the filtering units included in the maximum encoding unit (2100) can be encoded as shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 The process of determining a plurality of encoding units by recursively dividing an encoding unit according to block shape information and block division information according to one embodiment is as described above with reference to FIG. 13. The loop filtering performance information of filtering units according to one embodiment indicates that loop filtering is performed for the corresponding filtering unit when the flag value is 1, and indicates that loop filtering is not performed when the flag value is 0. Referring to Table 1, information of data units for determining filtering units to be filtered by the loop filtering unit (2040, 2070) can all be encoded and transmitted as filter information. The coding units configured according to one embodiment are coding units configured in a form that minimizes the error with the original image, and therefore, it is expected that the spatial correlation within the coding units is high. Accordingly, since the filtering unit is determined based on the coding unit according to one embodiment, an operation of determining the filtering unit separately from the determination of the coding unit may be omitted. In addition, accordingly, since the filtering unit is determined based on the coding unit according to one embodiment, information for determining the splitting form of the filtering unit can be omitted, and thus the transmission bitrate of the filter information can be saved. In the above-described embodiment, it has been described that the filtering unit is determined based on the encoding unit according to one embodiment. However, when performing division of the filtering unit based on the encoding unit, the shape of the filtering unit may be determined only up to the depth without further division at an arbitrary depth. The determination of the filtering unit disclosed in the above-described embodiment can be applied to various embodiments such as not only loop filtering but also deblocking filtering and adaptive loop filtering. According to one embodiment, the image decoding device (100) can split the current encoding unit by using at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information, and the block shape information can be determined in advance to use only a square shape, and the split shape information can be determined in advance to indicate that the current encoding unit is not split or is split into four square-shaped encoding units. That is, the current encoding unit always has a square shape according to the block shape information, and is not split or can be split into four square-shaped encoding units based on the split shape information. The image decoding device (100) can obtain a bitstream generated by using a predetermined encoding method that is determined in advance by using only the block shape and the split shape, through the bitstream acquisition unit (110), and the decoding unit (120) can use only the predetermined block shape and the split shape. In this case, the image decoding device (100) can solve the compatibility problem with the predetermined encoding method by using a predetermined decoding method similar to the above-described predetermined encoding method. According to one embodiment, when the image decoding device (100) uses the above-described predetermined decoding method that uses only a predetermined block shape and a predetermined division shape among various shapes that the block shape information and the division shape information can represent, the block shape information represents only a square shape, and therefore the image decoding device (100) can omit a process of obtaining the block shape information from the bitstream. A syntax indicating whether to use the above-described predetermined decoding method can be used, and this syntax can be obtained from the bitstream for each data unit of various shapes that can include a plurality of coding units, such as a sequence, a picture, a slice unit, and a maximum coding unit.That is, the bitstream acquisition unit (110) can determine whether to acquire syntax indicating block type information from the bitstream based on syntax indicating whether to use a predetermined decoding method. Figure 23 illustrates an index according to the Z-scan order of the encoding unit according to one embodiment. An image decoding device (100) according to one embodiment can scan lower data units included in an upper data unit according to a Z-scan order. In addition, an image decoding device (100) according to one embodiment can sequentially access data according to a Z-scan index within an encoding unit included in a maximum encoding unit or a processing block. As described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the image decoding device (100) according to one embodiment can divide a reference encoding unit into at least one encoding unit. At this time, square-shaped encoding units and non-square-shaped encoding units can be mixed within the reference encoding unit. The image decoding device (100) according to one embodiment can perform data access according to a Z-scan index included in each encoding unit within the reference encoding unit. At this time, a method of applying the Z-scan index may differ depending on whether a non-square-shaped encoding unit exists within the reference encoding unit. According to one embodiment, when there is no coding unit of a non-square shape in a reference coding unit, coding units of lower depths in the reference coding unit may have consecutive Z-scan indices. For example, according to one embodiment, a coding unit of a higher depth may include four coding units of a lower depth. Here, the boundaries of the four coding units of the lower depths may be continuous, and the coding units of each lower depth may be scanned in the Z-scan order according to an index indicating the Z-scan order. The index indicating the Z-scan order according to one embodiment may be set to a number that increases according to the Z-scan order for each coding unit. In this case, depth-specific coding units of the same depth can be scanned according to the Z-scan order. According to one embodiment, when there is at least one non-square coding unit in a reference coding unit, the image decoding device (100) may divide the coding units in the reference coding unit into sub-blocks, respectively, and perform a scan on the divided sub-blocks according to a Z-scan order. For example, when there is a non-square coding unit in a vertical or horizontal direction in the reference coding unit, the Z-scan may be performed using the divided sub-blocks. In addition, for example, when the division into an odd number of coding units is performed in the reference coding unit, the Z-scan may be performed using the sub-blocks. The sub-block may be a coding unit that is no longer divided or an arbitrary coding unit divided, and may be square. For example, four square sub-blocks may be divided from a square coding unit. In addition, for example, two square sub-blocks may be divided from a non-square coding unit. Referring to FIG. 23, for example, an image decoding device (100) according to an embodiment may scan coding units (2302, 2304, 2306, 2308, 2310) of lower depths within an coding unit (2300) in a Z-scan order. The coding unit (2300) and the coding units (2302, 2304, 2306, 2308, 2310) are relatively upper coding units and lower coding units, respectively. The coding unit (2300) includes coding units (2306, 2310) of a non-square shape in the horizontal direction. The boundaries of these non-square coding units (2306, 2310) with respect to adjacent square coding units (2302, 2304) are discontinuous. In addition, the coding unit (2308) is a square shape and is a coding unit located in the middle when a non-square coding unit is divided into an odd number of pieces. Like the non-square coding units (2306, 2310), the coding unit (2308) has a discontinuous boundary with respect to the adjacent square coding units (2302, 2304). When a non-square coding unit (2306, 2310) is included in the coding unit (2300) or a coding unit (2308) located in the middle when a non-square coding unit is divided into an odd number of pieces is included, a continuous Z-scan index cannot be set because the boundary between the coding units is discontinuous. Therefore, the image decoding device (100) can continuously set the Z-scan index by dividing the coding units into sub-blocks. Additionally, the image decoding device (100) can perform continuous Z scans on a non-square-shaped encoding unit (2306, 2310) or an encoding unit (2308) located in the middle of an odd-numbered non-square-shaped encoding unit. The encoding unit (2320) illustrated in FIG. 23 is obtained by dividing the encoding units (2302, 2304, 2306, 2308, 2310) within the encoding unit (2300) into sub-blocks. A Z scan index may be set for each of the sub-blocks, and since adjacent boundaries between the sub-blocks are continuous, the sub-blocks can be scanned according to the Z scan order. For example, in a decoding device according to one embodiment, the encoding unit (2308) may be divided into sub-blocks (2322, 2324, 2326, 2328). In this case, the sub-blocks (2322, 2324) may be scanned after data processing for the sub-block (2330), and the sub-blocks (2326, 2328) may be scanned after data processing for the sub-block (2332). Additionally, each sub-block can be scanned in Z-scan order. In the above-described embodiment, scanning the data units in the Z-scan order may be for data storage, data loading, data access, etc. In addition, although the above-described embodiments have described that data units can be scanned in a Z-scan order, the scan order of the data units can be performed in various scan orders such as a raster scan, an N-scan, an upward-right diagonal scan, a horizontal scan, a vertical scan, etc., and is not limited to the Z-scan order. In addition, in the above-described embodiment, although it has been described that scanning is performed on encoding units within a reference encoding unit, it should not be interpreted to be limited thereto, and the target of scanning may be any block within the maximum encoding unit or processing block. In addition, in the above-described embodiment, it was described that scanning is performed in the Z-scan order by dividing into sub-blocks only when there is at least one non-square block, but for a simplified implementation, scanning may be performed in the Z-scan order by dividing into sub-blocks even when there is no non-square block. An image decoding device (100) according to one embodiment generates prediction data by performing inter prediction or intra prediction on an encoding unit, generates residual data by performing inverse transformation on a transformation unit included in a current encoding unit, and can restore the current encoding unit using the generated prediction data and residual data. According to one embodiment, the prediction mode of a coding unit may be at least one of an intra mode, an inter mode, and a skip mode. According to one embodiment, the prediction mode may be selected independently for each coding unit. When a 2Nx2N coding unit according to an embodiment is split into two 2NxN or two Nx2N coding units, inter-mode prediction and intra-mode prediction may be performed separately for each of these coding units. In addition, a skip mode may be applied to the 2NxN or Nx2N coding unit according to an embodiment. Meanwhile, the image decoding device (100) according to one embodiment may allow bi-prediction to be performed in skip mode for an encoding unit having a shape of 8x4 or 4x8. In skip mode, since only skip mode information is transmitted for an encoding unit, use of residual data for the corresponding encoding unit is omitted. Therefore, in this case, overhead for inverse quantization and inverse transformation can be saved. Instead, the image decoding device (100) according to one embodiment may allow bi-prediction for an encoding unit to which skip mode is applied, thereby increasing decoding efficiency. In addition, the image decoding device (100) according to one embodiment may allow bi-prediction for an encoding unit having a shape of 8x4 or 4x8, but may set a relatively small number of interpolation taps in the motion compensation step, thereby efficiently using memory bandwidth. For example, instead of using an 8-tap interpolation filter, one could use an interpolation filter with fewer than 8 taps (for example, a 2-tap interpolation filter). In addition, the image decoding device (100) according to one embodiment may divide a region included in a current encoding unit into a preset shape (e.g., diagonal-based division) and signal intra or inter prediction information for each divided region. An image decoding device (100) according to one embodiment can obtain a prediction sample of a current encoding unit by using surrounding samples of the current encoding unit using an intra mode. At this time, intra prediction performs prediction by using surrounding samples that have already been reconstructed, and these samples are called reference samples. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing reference samples for intra prediction of a coding unit according to one embodiment. Referring to FIG. 24, for a current coding unit (2300) having a non-rectangular block shape and a horizontal length of w and a vertical length of h, a total of 2(w+h)+1 reference samples are required, including w+h upper reference samples (2302), w+h left reference samples (2304), and one upper left reference sample (2306). In order to prepare the reference samples, a step of performing padding on a portion where no reference sample exists may be performed, and a reference sample filtering process for each prediction mode may be performed to reduce a quantization error included in the reconstructed reference sample. In the above-described embodiment, the number of reference samples in the case where the block shape of the current encoding unit is a non-rectangular shape has been described, but this number of reference samples is equally applicable even when the current encoding unit is a rectangular block shape. The various embodiments described above describe operations related to the image decoding method performed by the image decoding device (100). Hereinafter, the operation of the image encoding device (200) that performs the image encoding method corresponding to the reverse process of the image decoding method will be described through various embodiments. FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an image encoding device (200) capable of encoding an image based on at least one of block shape information and segmentation shape information according to one embodiment. Referring to FIG. 2, the image encoding device (200) may include a bitstream generation unit (210) for generating a bitstream including predetermined information such as segmentation shape information, block shape information, and the like according to one embodiment, and an encoding unit (220) for encoding an image using the predetermined information. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) may determine at least one encoding unit for segmenting an image based on at least one of the block shape information and the segmentation shape information, and the bitstream generation unit (210) of the image encoding device (200) may generate a bitstream including at least one of the block shape information and the segmentation shape information. Here, the block shape information may mean information or syntax indicating the shape of an encoding unit, and the segmentation shape information may mean information or syntax indicating the shape into which an encoding unit is segmented. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) can determine the shape of the encoding unit. For example, the encoding unit may be square or may have a non-square shape, and information indicating this shape may be included in the block shape information. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) can determine the shape into which the encoding unit is to be split. The encoding unit (220) can determine the shape of at least one encoding unit included in the encoding unit, and the bitstream generation unit (210) can generate a bitstream including split shape information including information about the shape of the encoding unit. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may determine whether the encoding unit is split or not. If the encoder (220) determines that the encoding unit includes only one encoding unit or that the encoding unit is not split, the bitstream generation unit (210) may generate a bitstream including split type information indicating that the encoding unit is not split. In addition, the encoder (220) may split the encoding unit into a plurality of encoding units, and the bitstream generation unit (210) may generate a bitstream including split type information indicating that the encoding unit is split into a plurality of encoding units. According to one embodiment, information indicating how many encoding units an encoding unit will be split into or in which direction the split will be made may be included in the splitting type information. For example, the splitting type information may indicate splitting in at least one of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, or may indicate not splitting. FIG. 3 illustrates a process in which an image encoding device (200) divides a current encoding unit to determine at least one encoding unit according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may determine the shape of the encoding unit. For example, the encoder (220) may determine the shape of the encoding unit having the optimal RD-cost by considering the RD (rate distortion) cost. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may determine that the current encoding unit is a square shape, and may determine a shape in which the square-shaped encoding unit is split accordingly. For example, the encoder (220) may determine whether to not split the square encoding unit, to split it vertically, to split it horizontally, to split it into four encoding units, etc. Referring to FIG. 3, the encoder (220) may not split an encoding unit (310a) having the same size as the current encoding unit (300), or may determine a split encoding unit (310b, 310c, 310d, etc.) based on split shape information indicating a predetermined splitting method. Referring to FIG. 3, the encoding unit (220) may determine two encoding units (310b) that vertically divide the current encoding unit (300) according to one embodiment. The encoding unit (220) may determine two encoding units (310c) that horizontally divide the current encoding unit (300). The encoding unit (220) may determine four encoding units (310d) that vertically and horizontally divide the current encoding unit (300). However, the division shapes into which a square encoding unit may be divided should not be interpreted as being limited to the above-described shapes, and various shapes that can be represented by the division shape information may be included. Specified division shapes into which a square encoding unit is divided will be specifically described below through various embodiments. According to one embodiment, the bitstream generation unit (210) of the video encoding device (200) can generate a bitstream including segmentation form information indicating the form in which the current encoding unit (300) is segmented by the encoding unit (220). FIG. 4 illustrates a process in which an image encoding device (200) divides a non-square shape encoding unit to determine at least one encoding unit according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may determine whether to not split a non-square current encoding unit or to split it in a predetermined method. Referring to FIG. 4, the encoder (220) of the current encoding unit (400 or 450) may not split an encoding unit (410 or 460) having the same size as the current encoding unit (400 or 450), or may determine an encoding unit (420a, 420b, 430a, 430b, 430c, 470a, 470b, 480a, 480b, 480c) split according to a predetermined splitting method. The bitstream generation unit (210) of the image encoding device (200) may generate a bitstream including splitting shape information indicating such a splitting shape. The predetermined splitting method by which a non-square encoding unit is split will be described in detail through various embodiments below. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) may determine a form in which the encoding unit is divided. Referring to FIG. 4, the encoding unit (220) may divide the current encoding unit (400 or 450) to determine two encoding units (420a, 420b, or 470a, 470b) included in the current encoding unit, and the bitstream generation unit (210) may generate a bitstream including division form information indicating the division form. According to one embodiment, when the encoder (220) splits a current encoding unit (400 or 450) having a non-square shape, the current encoding unit may be split by considering the position of the long side of the non-square current encoding unit (400 or 450). For example, the encoder (220) may split the current encoding unit (400 or 450) in a direction of splitting the long side of the current encoding unit (400 or 450) by considering the shape of the current encoding unit (400 or 450) to determine a plurality of encoding units, and the bitstream generation unit (210) may generate a bitstream including splitting shape information indicating such a splitting shape. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may determine an odd number of coding units included in the current coding unit (400 or 450). For example, the encoder (220) may split the current coding unit (400 or 450) into three coding units (430a, 430b, 430c, 480a, 480b, 480c). According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may determine an odd number of coding units included in the current coding unit (400 or 450), and the sizes of all the determined coding units may not be the same. For example, among the determined odd number of coding units (430a, 430b, 430c, 480a, 480b, 480c), a given coding unit (430b or 480b) may have a different size from the other coding units (430a, 430c, 480a, 480c). That is, the coding units that can be determined by dividing the current coding unit (400 or 450) may have multiple types of sizes, and in some cases, the odd number of coding units (430a, 430b, 430c, 480a, 480b, 480c) may each have a different size. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may determine an odd number of encoding units included in the current encoding unit (400 or 450), and further, the encoder (220) may place a predetermined restriction on at least one encoding unit among the odd number of encoding units generated by splitting. Referring to FIG. 4, the encoder (220) may perform a decoding process for an encoding unit (430b, 480b) located in the center among three encoding units (430a, 430b, 430c, 480a, 480b, 480c) generated by splitting the current encoding unit (400 or 450) differently from the decoding process for other encoding units (430a, 430c, 480a, 480c). For example, the encoding unit (220) may restrict the encoding unit (430b, 480b) located in the center from being split any further, unlike other encoding units (430a, 430c, 480a, 480c), or may restrict it to be split only a certain number of times. FIG. 5 illustrates a process in which an image encoding device (200) divides an encoding unit according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may determine to split or not split the first encoding unit (500) having a square shape into encoding units. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may split the first encoding unit (500) in a horizontal direction to determine the second encoding unit (510), and the first encoding unit, the second encoding unit, and the third encoding unit used in the bitstream according to one embodiment are terms used to understand the relationship before and after splitting between encoding units. For example, when the first encoding unit is split, the second encoding unit may be determined, and when the second encoding unit is split, the third encoding unit may be determined. Hereinafter, the relationship between the first encoding unit, the second encoding unit, and the third encoding unit used may be understood as following the above-described characteristics. According to one embodiment, the video encoding device (200) may determine to split or not split the determined second encoding unit (510) into encoding units based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information. Referring to FIG. 5, the encoding unit (220) may split the first encoding unit (500) based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information to split the determined second encoding unit (510) having a non-square shape into at least one third encoding unit (520a, 520b, 520c, 520d, etc.) or may not split the second encoding unit (510). The bitstream generation unit (210) of the video encoding device (200) can generate a bitstream including at least one of block shape information and division shape information, and the encoding unit (220) can divide the first encoding unit (500) based on at least one of the block shape information and the division shape information to divide the first encoding unit (500) into a plurality of second encoding units (e.g., 510) of various shapes, and the second encoding unit (510) can be divided according to the manner in which the first encoding unit (500) is divided based on at least one of the block shape information and the division shape information. According to one embodiment, when the first coding unit (500) is split into the second coding unit (510) based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information for the first coding unit (500), the second coding unit (510) may also be split into the third coding unit (e.g., 520a, 520b, 520c, 520d, etc.) based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information for the second coding unit (510). Accordingly, a square coding unit may be determined from a non-square coding unit, and this square coding unit may be recursively split to determine a non-square coding unit.Referring to FIG. 5, a predetermined coding unit (e.g., a coding unit positioned in the middle or a square coding unit) among an odd number of third coding units (520b, 520c, 520d) determined by splitting a non-square second coding unit (510) may be split recursively. According to an embodiment, a square third coding unit (520c), which is one of the odd number of third coding units (520b, 520c, 520d), may be split horizontally into a plurality of fourth coding units. A non-square fourth coding unit (540), which is one of the plurality of fourth coding units, may be split again into a plurality of coding units. For example, a fourth coding unit (540) of non-square shape may be further divided into an odd number of coding units (550a, 550b, 550c). The encoding unit can be recursively split based on at least one of the partition shape information and the block shape information related to each encoding unit. A method that can be used for recursively splitting the encoding unit will be described later through various embodiments. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may determine to split each of the third encoding units (520a, 520b, 520c, 520d, etc.) into encoding units or not to split the second encoding unit (510) based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may split the second encoding unit (510) having a non-square shape into an odd number of third encoding units (520b, 520c, 520d). The image encoding device (200) may place a predetermined restriction on a predetermined third encoding unit among the odd number of third encoding units (520b, 520c, 520d). For example, the video encoding device (200) may restrict the encoding unit (520c) located in the middle among the odd number of third encoding units (520b, 520c, 520d) to not be split any further, or to be split a settable number of times. Referring to FIG. 5, the video encoding device (200) may restrict the encoding unit (520c) located in the middle among the odd number of third encoding units (520b, 520c, 520d) included in the non-square shaped second encoding unit (510) to not be split any further, to be split in a predetermined split form (for example, to be split only into four encoding units or to be split in a form corresponding to the split form of the second encoding unit (510)), or to be split only a predetermined number of times (for example, to be split only n times, n>0). However, the above limitations on the encoding unit (520c) located in the middle are merely simple examples and should not be interpreted as being limited to the above-described examples, but should be interpreted as including various limitations that allow the encoding unit (520c) located in the middle to be decoded differently from the other encoding units (520b, 520d). According to one embodiment, the bitstream generation unit (210) of the video encoding device (200) may generate a bitstream including at least one of block shape information and segmentation shape information used to segment the current encoding unit, together with a bitstream related to a sample at a predetermined position within the current encoding unit. FIG. 6 illustrates a method for an encoding unit (220) to determine a predetermined encoding unit from among an odd number of encoding units according to one embodiment. The encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) may determine to divide a current encoding unit into encoding units of various shapes and sizes or not to divide the current encoding unit. Referring to FIG. 6, the bitstream generation unit (210) may generate a bitstream including at least one of block shape information and split shape information of the current encoding unit (600), together with a bitstream related to a sample at a predetermined position (for example, a sample (640) located in the middle) among a plurality of samples included in the current encoding unit (600). However, the predetermined position within the current encoding unit (600) related to at least one of the block shape information and the segmentation shape information should not be interpreted as being limited to the center position illustrated in FIG. 6, and it should be interpreted that the predetermined position may include various positions (e.g., top, bottom, left, right, top left, bottom left, top right, or bottom right, etc.) that may be included within the current encoding unit (600). According to one embodiment, the image encoding device (200) may select one of the encoding units when the current encoding unit is divided into a predetermined number of encoding units. There may be various methods for selecting one of the multiple encoding units, and a description of these methods will be provided later through various embodiments below. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) can divide the current encoding unit into a plurality of encoding units and determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position. FIG. 6 illustrates a method for a video encoding device (200) to determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position among an odd number of encoding units according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may use information indicating the positions of each of the odd-numbered encoding units to determine an encoding unit located in the middle of the odd-numbered encoding units. Referring to FIG. 6, the encoder (220) may divide the current encoding unit (600) to determine odd-numbered encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c). The encoder (220) may use information about the positions of the odd-numbered encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) to determine the middle encoding unit (620b). For example, the encoding unit (220) can determine the encoding unit (620b) located in the middle by determining the positions of the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) based on information indicating the positions of predetermined samples included in the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c). Specifically, the encoding unit (220) can determine the encoding unit (620b) located in the middle by determining the positions of the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) based on information indicating the positions of samples (630a, 630b, 630c) at the upper left of the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c). According to one embodiment, information indicating the position of the upper left sample (630a, 630b, 630c) included in each of the coding units (620a, 620b, 620c) may include information on the position or coordinate of the coding unit (620a, 620b, 620c) within the picture. According to one embodiment, information indicating the position of the upper left sample (630a, 630b, 630c) included in each of the coding units (620a, 620b, 620c) may include information indicating the width or height of the coding units (620a, 620b, 620c) included in the current coding unit (600), and this width or height may correspond to information indicating the difference between the coordinates within the picture of the coding unit (620a, 620b, 620c). That is, the image encoding device (200) can determine the encoding unit (620b) located in the center by directly using information about the position or coordinates of the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) within the picture or by using information about the width or height of the encoding unit that represents the difference value between the coordinates. According to one embodiment, information indicating the position of the sample (630a) at the upper left of the upper encoding unit (620a) may represent (xa, ya) coordinates, information indicating the position of the sample (630b) at the upper left of the middle encoding unit (620b) may represent (xb, yb) coordinates, and information indicating the position of the sample (630c) at the upper left of the lower encoding unit (620c) may represent (xc, yc) coordinates. The image encoding device (200) may determine the middle encoding unit (620b) using the coordinates of the samples (630a, 630b, 630c) at the upper left included in the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c), respectively. For example, when the coordinates of the samples (630a, 630b, 630c) on the upper left are sorted in ascending or descending order, the encoding unit (620b) including the coordinates (xb, yb) of the sample (630b) located in the middle can be determined as the encoding unit located in the middle among the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) determined by dividing the current encoding unit (600). However, the coordinates indicating the positions of the upper left samples (630a, 630b, 630c) can indicate coordinates indicating the absolute positions within the picture, and further, based on the position of the upper left sample (630a) of the upper left coding unit (620a), the (dxb, dyb) coordinates, which are information indicating the relative position of the sample (630b) of the upper left of the middle coding unit (620b), and the (dxc, dyc) coordinates, which are information indicating the relative position of the sample (630c) of the upper left of the lower coding unit (620c), can be used. In addition, the method of determining the coding unit of a given position by using the coordinates of the corresponding sample as information indicating the position of the sample included in the coding unit should not be interpreted as being limited to the above-described method, but should be interpreted in various arithmetic ways that can utilize the coordinates of the samples. According to one embodiment, the image encoding device (200) can divide the current encoding unit (600) into a plurality of encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c), and select an encoding unit among the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c) according to a predetermined criterion. For example, the encoding unit (220) can select an encoding unit (620b) having a different size among the encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c). According to one embodiment, the video encoding device (200) may determine the width or height of each of the encoding units (620a, 620b, and 620c) by using the (xa, ya) coordinate, which is information indicating the position of the sample (630a) at the upper left of the upper encoding unit (620a), the (xb, yb) coordinate, which is information indicating the position of the sample (630b) at the upper left of the middle encoding unit (620b), and the (xc, yc) coordinate, which is information indicating the position of the sample (630c) at the upper left of the lower encoding unit (620c). The video encoding device (200) may determine the size of each of the encoding units (620a, 620b, and 620c) by using the coordinates (xa, ya), (xb, yb), and (xc, yc) indicating the positions of the encoding units (620a, 620b, and 620c). According to one embodiment, the video encoding device (200) may determine the width of the upper coding unit (620a) as xb-xa and the height as yb-ya. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) may determine the width of the middle coding unit (620b) as xc-xb and the height as yc-yb. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) may determine the width or height of the lower coding unit by using the width or height of the current coding unit and the widths and heights of the upper coding unit (620a) and the middle coding unit (620b). The encoding unit (220) may determine a coding unit having a different size from other coding units based on the widths and heights of the determined coding units (620a, 620b, 620c). Referring to FIG. 6, the image encoding device (200) can determine the middle encoding unit (620b) having a different size from the sizes of the upper encoding unit (620a) and the lower encoding unit (620c) as the encoding unit of a predetermined position. However, the process by which the image encoding device (200) described above determines the encoding unit having a different size from other encoding units is merely an embodiment of determining the encoding unit of a predetermined position using the size of the encoding unit determined based on sample coordinates, and therefore, various processes of determining the encoding unit of a predetermined position by comparing the sizes of the encoding units determined according to predetermined sample coordinates can be used. However, the location of the sample considered for determining the location of the encoding unit should not be interpreted as being limited to the upper left corner described above, and it can be interpreted that information on the location of any sample included in the encoding unit can be utilized. According to one embodiment, the image encoding device (200) may select an encoding unit at a predetermined position from among an odd number of encoding units into which the current encoding unit is divided, considering the shape of the current encoding unit. For example, if the current encoding unit has a non-square shape in which the width is longer than the height, the encoding unit (220) may determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position in the horizontal direction. That is, the encoding unit (220) may determine one of the encoding units having different positions in the horizontal direction and place a restriction on the corresponding encoding unit. If the current encoding unit has a non-square shape in which the height is longer than the width, the encoding unit (220) may determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position in the vertical direction. That is, the encoding unit (220) may determine one of the encoding units having different positions in the vertical direction and place a restriction on the corresponding encoding unit. According to one embodiment, the image encoding device (200) may use information indicating the positions of each of the even-numbered encoding units to determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position among an even-numbered encoding unit. The encoding unit (220) may determine an even-numbered encoding unit by dividing the current encoding unit and may use information about the positions of the even-numbered encoding units to determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position. Since a specific process for this may be similar to the process of determining an encoding unit at a predetermined position (for example, a center position) among the odd-numbered encoding units described above in FIG. 6, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. According to one embodiment, when a current encoding unit having a non-square shape is split into a plurality of encoding units, predetermined information used in the splitting process of the current encoding unit may be used to determine an encoding unit at a predetermined position among the plurality of encoding units. For example, the encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) may use at least one of block shape information and split shape information as predetermined information used in the splitting process of the current encoding unit to determine an encoding unit located in the middle of the encoding units into which the current encoding unit is split, and this information is: Referring to FIG. 6, the encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) can divide the current encoding unit (600) into a plurality of encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c), determine an encoding unit (620b) located in the middle of the plurality of encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c), and the bitstream generation unit (210) can generate a bitstream including at least one of the block shape information and the division shape information used in the division process of the current encoding unit (600). The encoding unit (220) can determine the encoding unit (620b) located in the middle by considering the position of a sample related to at least one of the bitstreams of the block shape information and the division shape information used in the division process of the current encoding unit (600). That is, a bitstream including at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information of the current encoding unit (600) can be generated together with a bitstream related to a sample (640) located in the middle of the current encoding unit (600), and in this case, the encoding unit (220) can determine the encoding unit (620)b including the sample (640) as the encoding unit located in the middle among the plurality of encoding units (620a, 620b, 620c). However, the information used to determine the encoding unit as the encoding unit located in the middle among the plurality of encoding units determined by splitting the current encoding unit should not be interpreted as being limited to at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information used in the splitting process of the current encoding unit, and various types of information can be used. In this regard, the process by which the image encoding device (200) determines an encoding unit at a predetermined position may be the opposite process to the process by which the image decoding device (100) determines an encoding unit at a predetermined position among a plurality of encoding units determined from the current encoding unit, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted. According to one embodiment, the image encoding device (200) can determine at least one encoding unit by dividing a current encoding unit, and can determine an order in which the at least one encoding unit is decoded according to a predetermined block (e.g., the current encoding unit). FIG. 7 illustrates an order in which a plurality of encoding units are processed when a video encoding device (200) determines a plurality of encoding units by dividing a current encoding unit according to one embodiment. The process in which the video encoding device (200) related to FIG. 7 processes a plurality of encoding units may be a process similar to the operation of the video decoding device (100) described above in relation to FIG. 7, and therefore, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 8 illustrates a process in which, according to one embodiment, a video encoding device (200) determines that a current encoding unit is divided into an odd number of encoding units when encoding units cannot be processed in a predetermined order. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) of the video encoding device (200) may determine that a current encoding unit is divided into an odd number of encoding units, and the bitstream generation unit (210) may generate a bitstream including block shape information indicating a shape of the current encoding unit and division shape information indicating a division shape (divided into an odd number of units) of the current encoding unit. Referring to FIG. 8, a first encoding unit (800) having a square shape may be divided into second encoding units (810a, 810b) having a non-square shape, and the second encoding units (810a, 810b) may each be independently divided into third encoding units (820a, 820b, 820c, 820d, 820e). According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) may determine a plurality of third encoding units (820a, 820b) by horizontally dividing the left encoding unit (810a) among the second encoding units, and may divide the right encoding unit (810b) into an odd number of third encoding units (820c, 820d, 820e). The process by which the image encoding device (200) related to FIG. 8 determines that the current encoding unit is divided into an odd number of encoding units may be a process opposite to the operation of the image decoding device (100) described above with respect to FIG. 8, and therefore, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a video encoding device (200) dividing a first encoding unit (900) to determine at least one encoding unit, according to an embodiment. According to an example, an encoding unit (220) may divide the first encoding unit (900), and a bitstream generation unit (210) may generate a bitstream including at least one of block shape information indicating a shape of the first encoding unit (900) and division shape information indicating a shape into which the first encoding unit (900) is divided. A first encoding unit (900) having a square shape may be divided into four encoding units having a square shape or may be divided into a plurality of encoding units having a non-square shape. For example, referring to FIG. 9, the encoding unit (220) may divide the first encoding unit (900) into a plurality of non-square encoding units, and in this case, the bitstream generation unit (210) may generate a bitstream including block shape information indicating that the first encoding unit (900) is square and division shape information indicating that the first encoding unit (900) is divided into non-square encoding units. Specifically, the encoding unit (220) can divide the first encoding unit (900) having a square shape into second encoding units (910a, 910b, 910c) determined by vertically dividing the first encoding unit (900) into an odd number of encoding units or second encoding units (920a, 920b, 920c) determined by horizontally dividing the first encoding unit (900), and in this case, the bitstream generation unit (210) can generate a bitstream including division shape information indicating that the first encoding unit (900) is divided in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction to determine an odd number of encoding units. Since the process of the image encoding device (200) related to FIG. 9 dividing the first encoding unit (900) to determine at least one encoding unit may be a process opposite to the operation of the image decoding device (100) described above with respect to FIG. 9 , a detailed description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 10 illustrates that, according to one embodiment, a video encoding device (200) limits the shapes into which a second encoding unit can be divided when a non-square shape of a second encoding unit determined by dividing a first encoding unit (1000) satisfies a predetermined condition. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may determine to split the first coding unit (1000) having a square shape into second coding units (1010a, 1010b, 1020a, 1020b) having a non-square shape. The second coding units (1010a, 1010b, 1020a, 1020b) may be split independently. Accordingly, the encoder (220) may decide to split each of the second coding units (1010a, 1010b, 1020a, 1020b) into a plurality of coding units or not to split them. The operation of the image encoding device (200) related to Fig. 10 to limit the shape into which a non-square second encoding unit can be divided when satisfying a predetermined condition may be opposite to the operation of the image decoding device (100) described above in relation to Fig. 10, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 11 illustrates a process in which a video encoding device (200) divides a square-shaped encoding unit when the segmentation shape information cannot represent that the encoding unit is divided into four square-shaped encoding units according to one embodiment. The operation of the video encoding device (200) related to this may be opposite to the operation of the video decoding device (100) described above with respect to FIG. 11, and therefore, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 12 illustrates that, according to one embodiment, the processing order between a plurality of encoding units may vary depending on the process of dividing the encoding units. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) may split the first encoding unit (1200) having a square shape in at least one of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. According to one embodiment, the bitstream generation unit (210) may generate a bitstream including block shape information indicating that the first encoding unit (1200) has a square shape and split shape information indicating that the first encoding unit (1200) is split in at least one of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may split the first encoding unit (1200) to determine second encoding units (e.g., 1210a, 1210b, 1220a, 1220b, 1230a, 1230b, 1230c, 1230d, etc.). Referring to FIG. 12, the first encoding unit 1200) may be split only in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, and the non-square shaped second encoding units (1210a, 1210b, 1220a, 1220b) determined may be independently split. For example, the encoding unit (220) may determine third encoding units (1216a, 1216b, 1216c, 1216d) by horizontally dividing second encoding units (1210a, 1210b) generated by vertically dividing first encoding units (1200), and may determine third encoding units (1226a, 1226b, 1226c, 1226d) by horizontally dividing second encoding units (1220a, 1220b) generated by horizontally dividing first encoding units (1200). Since the operation of the image encoding device (200) related to FIG. 10 may be opposite to the operation of the image decoding device (100) described above with respect to FIG. 10, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 13 illustrates a process in which the depth of an encoding unit is determined as the shape and size of the encoding unit change when an encoding unit is recursively split and a plurality of encoding units are determined according to one embodiment. The process in which the encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) determines the depth of the encoding unit may be opposite to the process in which the decoding unit (120) of the image decoding device (100) described above with respect to FIG. 13 determines the depth of the encoding unit, and therefore a detailed description thereof will be omitted. According to one embodiment, the video encoding device (200) may determine whether the current encoding unit is divided into a specific split shape based on the value of an index for distinguishing a plurality of encoding units determined by division. Referring to FIG. 14, the video encoding device (200) may divide a first encoding unit (1410) having a rectangular shape in which a height is longer than a width, and determine an even number of encoding units (1412a, 1412b) or an odd number of encoding units (1414a, 1414b, 1414c). The video encoding device (200) may use an index (PID) representing each encoding unit to distinguish each of the plurality of encoding units. According to one embodiment, the PID may be obtained from a sample (for example, an upper left sample) at a predetermined position of each encoding unit. The operation of the image encoding device (200) related to Fig. 14 may be opposite to the operation of the image decoding device (100) described above in relation to Fig. 14, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 15 illustrates that a plurality of coding units are determined according to a plurality of predetermined data units included in a picture according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) may use the above-described reference coding unit as a predetermined data unit from which recursive division of the coding unit begins. Since the operation of the image encoding device (200) using the reference coding unit with respect to FIG. 15 may be opposite to the operation of the image decoding device (100) using the reference coding unit with respect to FIG. 15, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. According to one embodiment, the bitstream generation unit (210) of the video encoding device (200) may generate a bitstream including at least one of information about the shape of the reference encoding unit and information about the size of the reference encoding unit for each of the various data units. The process of determining at least one encoding unit included in the square-shaped reference encoding unit (1500) has been described above through the process of dividing the current encoding unit (300) of FIG. 3, and the process of determining at least one encoding unit included in the non-square-shaped reference encoding unit (1500) has been described above through the process of dividing the current encoding unit (400 or 450) of FIG. 4, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may use an index for identifying the size and shape of the reference coding unit in order to determine the size and shape of the reference coding unit according to some data units that are determined in advance based on a predetermined condition. That is, the bitstream generator (210) may generate a bitstream that includes an index for identifying the size and shape of the reference coding unit for each data unit that satisfies a predetermined condition (for example, a data unit having a size smaller than a slice) among the various data units (for example, a sequence, a picture, a slice, a slice segment, a maximum coding unit, etc.). The encoder (220) may determine the size and shape of the reference data unit for each data unit that satisfies the predetermined condition by using the index. According to one embodiment, at least one of the size and shape of the reference coding unit related to the index indicating the size and shape of the reference coding unit may be determined in advance. That is, the encoding unit (220) can determine at least one of the sizes and shapes of the reference encoding units included in the data unit that serves as the basis for obtaining the index by selecting at least one of the sizes and shapes of the predetermined reference encoding units according to the index. The operation of the encoding unit (220) that uses the index to identify the size and shape of the reference encoding unit may be similar to the operation of the decoding unit (120) described above, and therefore, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 16 illustrates a processing block that serves as a criterion for determining the determination order of reference coding units included in a picture (1600) according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) may obtain information about the size of a processing block to determine the size of at least one processing block included in an image. The encoding unit (220) may determine the size of at least one processing block included in an image, and the bitstream generation unit (210) may generate a bitstream including information about the size of the processing block. The size of the processing block may be a predetermined size of a data unit indicated by the information about the size of the processing block. According to one embodiment, the bitstream generation unit (210) of the video encoding device (200) may generate a bitstream including information about the size of a processing block for each specific data unit. For example, a bitstream including information about the size of a processing block may be generated for each data unit such as an image, a sequence, a picture, a slice, a slice segment, etc. That is, the bitstream generation unit (210) may generate a bitstream including information about the size of a processing block for each of the multiple data units, and the encoding unit (220) may determine the size of at least one processing block for dividing a picture using the information about the size of the processing block, and the size of the processing block may be an integer multiple of a reference encoding unit. According to one embodiment, the encoder (220) may determine the size of the processing block (1602, 1612) included in the picture (1600). For example, the encoder (220) may determine the size of the processing block based on information about the size of the processing block. Referring to FIG. 16, the encoder (220) may determine the horizontal size of the processing block (1602, 1612) to be four times the horizontal size of the reference encoding unit, and the vertical size of the processing block (1602, 1612) to be four times the vertical size of the reference encoding unit, according to one embodiment. The encoder (220) may determine the order in which at least one reference encoding unit is determined within at least one processing block. Since the operation of the encoder (220) related to the processing block may be similar to the operation of the decoding unit (120) described above with reference to FIG. 16, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. According to one embodiment, the bitstream generation unit (210) of the video encoding device (200) may generate a bitstream including block shape information indicating a shape of a current encoding unit or segmentation shape information indicating a method of segmenting the current encoding unit. The block shape information or the segmentation shape information may be included in a bitstream related to various data units. For example, the bitstream generation unit (210) of the video encoding device (200) may use block shape information or segmentation shape information included in a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, a video parameter set, a slice header, and a slice segment header. Furthermore, the bitstream generation unit (210) of the video encoding device (200) may generate a bitstream including syntax indicating block shape information or segmentation shape information for each maximum encoding unit, reference encoding unit, and processing block. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) may determine the type of division form into which the encoding unit may be divided differently for each predetermined data unit. The encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) may determine the combination of forms into which the encoding unit may be divided differently for each predetermined data unit (e.g., sequence, picture, slice, etc.) according to one embodiment. FIG. 17 illustrates coding units that can be determined for each picture when the combination of forms into which coding units can be divided is different for each picture according to one embodiment. Referring to FIG. 17, the encoding unit (220) can determine a different combination of division forms into which the encoding unit can be divided for each picture. For example, the encoding unit (220) can decode an image using a picture (1700) that can be divided into four encoding units, a picture (1710) that can be divided into two or four encoding units, and a picture (1720) that can be divided into two, three, or four encoding units, among at least one picture included in the image. The encoding unit (220) can divide the picture (1700) into four square encoding units. The encoding unit (220) can divide the picture (1710) into two or four encoding units. The encoding unit (220) can divide the picture (1720) into two, three, or four encoding units. The above-described combination of segmentation forms is merely an example for explaining the operation of the image encoding device (200), and therefore, the above-described combination of segmentation forms should not be interpreted as being limited to the above-described example, but should be interpreted as a combination of various types of segmentation forms that can be used for each predetermined data unit. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) can determine a combination of partitioning forms into which an encoding unit can be partitioned for each predetermined data unit by using an index indicating a combination of partitioning form information, and thus can use different combinations of partitioning forms for each predetermined data unit. Furthermore, the bitstream generation unit (210) of the image encoding device (200) can generate a bitstream including an index indicating a combination of partitioning form information for each predetermined data unit (e.g., sequence, picture, slice, etc.). For example, the bitstream generation unit (210) can generate a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, or a slice including an index indicating a combination of partitioning form information. FIGS. 18 and 19 illustrate various forms of encoding units that can be determined based on segmentation shape information that can be expressed as binary codes according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) can divide an encoding unit into various shapes, and can generate a bitstream including block shape information and division shape information through the bitstream generation unit (210). The shapes of the encoding unit that can be divided may correspond to various shapes including the shapes described through the above-described embodiments. Referring to FIG. 18, the encoding unit (220) can divide a square-shaped encoding unit in at least one of the horizontal direction and the vertical direction based on the division shape information, and can divide a non-square-shaped encoding unit in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction. Since the characteristics of the binary code of the division shape information that the image encoding device (200) can use may correspond to the characteristics of the image decoding device (100) described above through FIGS. 18 and 19, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. An image encoding device (200) according to one embodiment may perform inter prediction or intra prediction on an encoding unit to generate prediction data, perform inverse transformation on a transformation unit included in a current encoding unit to generate residual data, and encode the current encoding unit using the generated prediction data and residual data. According to one embodiment, the prediction mode of the encoding unit may be at least one of the intra mode, the inter mode, and the skip mode. According to one embodiment, prediction may be performed independently for each encoding unit, and a prediction mode with the smallest error may be selected. In the case where a 2Nx2N coding unit according to an embodiment is split into two 2NxN or two Nx2N coding units, inter-mode prediction and intra-mode prediction may be performed separately for each of these coding units. In addition, according to an embodiment, the encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) may encode the coding unit using the CU skip mode not only when the coding unit has a square shape but also when the coding unit has a non-square shape. Since the CU skip mode can be used to decode the image not only in the case of a square coding unit that can be determined based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information but also in the case of a non-square coding unit, the use of the CU skip mode enables relatively more adaptive use of the skip mode, whereby the efficiency of image encoding / decoding can be improved. The features of the image encoding device (200) utilizing skip mode in such non-square shaped encoding units may be similar to the features described above in relation to the use of skip mode in the image encoding device (200), so a detailed description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 22 illustrates a process in which merging or splitting is performed between encoding units determined according to a predetermined encoding method according to one embodiment. According to one embodiment, the image encoding device (200) may determine encoding units for dividing a picture using the above-described predetermined encoding method. For example, the image encoding device (200) may determine an encoding unit of a current depth or divide it into four encoding units of a lower depth based on the division information of the encoding unit. As described above, the image encoding device (200) may determine an encoding unit using block shape information indicating that the current encoding unit always has a square shape, and division shape information indicating that the current encoding unit is not divided or is divided into four square-shaped encoding units, according to one embodiment. Referring to FIG. 22, a picture (2200, 2220) may be divided according to a square coding unit determined according to the above-described predetermined encoding method. However, in the case of following the above-described predetermined decoding unit, whether the current encoding unit is split is determined based on whether a relatively small object included in the current encoding unit is suitable for expression, so it may be impossible for a large object and a small object in the picture to be encoded through a single encoding unit. Here, the object may mean a set of samples included in the picture, and may mean an area of ​​samples that can be distinguished from other areas by having similar sample values. Referring to FIG. 22, the image encoding device (200) may determine an encoding unit for decoding a small object (2221) by splitting the first encoding unit (2222) into four lower depth encoding units in order to restore the small object (2221). However, since the large object (2223) is not included in the current encoding unit (2222), it is not suitable for the large object (2223) to be decoded using the current encoding unit (2222). Furthermore, since the current encoding unit (2222) was split to decode the small object (2221), an unnecessary encoding unit splitting process must be performed to decode the large object (2223), which is inefficient. In other words, if the image encoding device (200) can use one encoding unit to encode a portion of the large object (2223), the image encoding can be performed efficiently. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) of the video encoding device (200) may split the current encoding unit using at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information, and the block shape information may be determined in advance to use only a square shape, and the split shape information may be determined in advance to indicate that the current encoding unit is not split or is split into four square-shaped encoding units. This may correspond to the encoding unit determination process used in the predetermined encoding method described above through various embodiments. In this case, the encoding unit (220) may use the sample value included in the picture to merge the encoding units determined using the predetermined encoding method or to split the determined encoding unit. For example, the encoding unit (220) may detect various objects included in the picture by examining a portion having similar sample values, and may perform the merging / splitting process of the encoding units based on the portion for the objects detected in this way. Referring to FIG. 22, according to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) may determine a plurality of encoding units for dividing a picture (2200) using the above-described predetermined encoding method. However, there may be a case where a process of dividing a similar region into a plurality of encoding units instead of a single encoding unit is performed even though there is a portion (2201) having a similar sample value included in the picture. In this case, even if the encoding unit is determined using the above-described encoding method, the encoding unit (220) may merge these encoding units into a single encoding unit (2202) and encode them as a single encoding unit. Referring to FIG. 22, as another embodiment, the encoding unit (220) may divide an encoding unit (2222) for encoding a small object (2221) into four encoding units using the above-described predetermined encoding method. In the case of the encoding units divided in this way, since not all detected large objects (2223) can be included, the encoding unit (220) can merge (2225) the encoding units into one encoding unit that includes portions having similar sample values. According to one embodiment, the encoding unit (220) determines an encoding unit by using a predetermined encoding method that does not split the encoding unit or splits the encoding unit into four encoding units using the split information of the encoding unit, and then splits the encoding unit again by considering the sample values ​​of the samples included in the picture. That is, the encoding unit (120) may split an already determined encoding unit as well as merge encoding units in order to determine an encoding unit for each object. Referring to FIG. 22, the encoding unit (120) may merge encoding units for an object (2223), and may split (2226) the merged encoding unit for the object (2223) again in order to determine an encoding unit optimized for the object (2223). That is, the encoding unit (220) may determine a portion that does not include the object (2223) as a separate encoding unit (2227) from the object (2223) through the splitting (2226) process. When a bitstream for an image is generated after merging or splitting encoding units determined according to a predetermined encoding method through the operation of the image encoding device (200) described above, the image decoding device (100) can decode the image by obtaining the bitstream and then performing an image decoding method corresponding to the reverse operation of the image encoding method described above. Figure 23 illustrates an index according to the Z-scan order of the encoding unit according to one embodiment. The encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) according to one embodiment can scan the lower data units included in the upper data unit according to the Z-scan order. In addition, the image encoding device (200) according to one embodiment can sequentially access data according to the Z-scan index within the encoding unit included in the maximum encoding unit or the processing block. As described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the encoding unit (220) of the image encoding device (200) according to one embodiment can divide a reference encoding unit into at least one encoding unit. At this time, encoding units of a square shape and encoding units of a non-square shape can be mixed within the reference encoding unit. Since the feature of the image encoding device (200) with respect to the index according to the Z-scan order of the encoding unit may be a feature similar to the feature of the image decoding device (100) described above with reference to FIG. 23, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. We have looked at various embodiments so far. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be implemented in modified forms without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments should be considered from an illustrative rather than a restrictive perspective. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims, not the above description, and all differences within the scope equivalent thereto should be interpreted as being included in the present invention. Meanwhile, the embodiments of the present invention described above can be written as a program that can be executed on a computer, and can be implemented in a general-purpose digital computer that operates the program using a computer-readable recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium includes a storage medium such as a magnetic storage medium (e.g., a ROM, a floppy disk, a hard disk, etc.) and an optical reading medium (e.g., a CD-ROM, a DVD, etc.).

Claims

1. In the method of decrypting the video, A step of obtaining at least one of block shape information and segmentation shape information for a first encoding unit included in the image from a bitstream; A step of determining at least one second encoding unit included in the first encoding unit based on at least one of the acquired block shape information and the segmentation shape information; and A step of decoding the image based on at least one second encoding unit, The above block shape information is characterized in that it indicates the shape of the first encoding unit, An image decoding method, characterized in that the above division type information indicates whether the first encoding unit is divided into the second encoding unit or not.

2. In the first paragraph, the step of determining at least one second encoding unit comprises: A step of determining whether the first encoding unit has a square or non-square shape based on the block shape information; and An image decoding method comprising a step of determining at least one second coding unit based on the shape of the determined first coding unit.

3. In the first paragraph, the step of determining at least one second encoding unit comprises: An image decoding method, characterized by comprising a step of determining a plurality of second encoding units having a plurality of types of sizes based on the above-mentioned division shape information.

4. In the first paragraph, the step of obtaining at least one of the block type information and the division type information An image decoding method, characterized by comprising a step of obtaining at least one of the block shape information and the segmentation shape information from a bitstream related to a sample at a predetermined position included in the first encoding unit.

5. In the first paragraph, the image decoding method, An image decoding method further comprising the step of determining a predetermined second encoding unit among the at least one second encoding unit and decoding the image by limiting the number of divisions for the predetermined second encoding unit.

6. In paragraph 5, the step of decrypting the image An image decoding method characterized by comprising a step of determining a second encoding unit at a predetermined position among the plurality of second encoding units and decoding the image by limiting the number of divisions for the predetermined second encoding unit.

7. In paragraph 6, the step of decrypting the image A step of determining a second coding unit including a sample at the predetermined position among at least one second coding unit; and An image decoding method characterized by including a step of decoding the image by limiting the number of divisions for the determined second encoding unit.

8. In the first paragraph, the image decoding method A step of determining a reference coding unit by dividing the width and height of the maximum coding unit; and An image decoding method, characterized in that it further comprises a step of determining the reference encoding unit as the first encoding unit.

9. In the first paragraph, the image decoding method Further comprising a step of segmenting the image according to at least one processing block including at least one maximum coding unit, An image decoding method, characterized in that the processing order of the at least one maximum coding unit included in the at least one processing block may vary depending on the processing block.

10. In the first paragraph, the step of determining at least one second encoding unit is If the division type information for the first encoding unit can indicate that it is divided in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, a step of determining a plurality of second encoding units by dividing the first encoding unit in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction is included. An image decoding method, characterized in that none of the plurality of second encoding units are split in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the first encoding units are split.

11. In the first paragraph, the image decoding method An image decoding method, characterized in that it further comprises a step of determining the depth of each coding unit based on the length of a long side of the first coding unit and the at least one second coding unit.

12. In the first paragraph, the image decoding method An image decoding method, characterized in that the processing order of at least one third coding unit, which is determined by splitting one of the at least one second coding unit, can be determined based on the split form of the second coding unit related to the at least one third coding unit.

13. In a device for decrypting images, A bitstream acquisition unit that acquires at least one of block shape information and segmentation shape information for a first encoding unit included in the image from a bitstream; and A decoding unit is included that determines at least one second encoding unit included in the first encoding unit based on at least one of the acquired block shape information and the segmentation shape information, and decodes the image based on the at least one second encoding unit. The above block shape information is characterized in that it indicates the shape of the first encoding unit, An image decoding device, characterized in that the above division type information indicates whether the first encoding unit is divided into the second encoding unit or not.

14. In a method of encoding an image, A step of generating a bitstream including at least one of block shape information and segmentation shape information for a first encoding unit included in the image; A step of determining at least one second encoding unit included in the first encoding unit based on at least one of the block shape information and the division shape information; and Comprising a step of encoding the image based on at least one second encoding unit, The above block shape information is characterized in that it indicates the shape of the first encoding unit, An image encoding method, characterized in that the above division type information indicates whether the first encoding unit is divided into the second encoding unit or not.

15. In a device for encoding an image, A bitstream generation unit that generates a bitstream including at least one of block shape information and segmentation shape information for a first encoding unit included in the image; and An encoding unit that determines at least one second encoding unit included in the first encoding unit based on at least one of the block shape information and the division shape information, and encodes the image based on the at least one second encoding unit, The above block shape information is characterized in that it indicates the shape of the first encoding unit, An image encoding device, characterized in that the above division type information indicates whether the first encoding unit is divided into the second encoding unit or not.

Images