Nutritionally modified diets comprising aminoacids for use in treating a disease

Abstract

The present disclosure provides diets, treatment regimens and methods of treating and preventing a disease. The diets and treatment regimens comprise depleting one or more nonessential amino acids and adding back protein. Such diets and treatment regimens can be useful in, for example, the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith.

Description

[0001]Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 NUTRITIONALLY MODIFIED DIETS AND USES OF SAME CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims priority to and the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.63 / 529,676, filed July 28, 2023, the entirety of which, including the appendices, is hereby incorporated by reference herein. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present disclosure relates to the area of nutrition and the use of diet to influence health and disease. BACKGROUND The effect of diet on overall health and disease is gaining increased attention as modification of diet has been shown to be useful to treat or reduce various symptoms. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease characterized by fatty deposits in the liver due to causes other than alcohol. NAFLD is a common condition in developed countries and affects more than 25% of the people in the United States (Noureddin et al. Hepatol Commun.2022; 6: 1537– 1548). Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe form of NAFLD, which can lead to inflammation of the liver, fibrosis, cirrhosis, chronic liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, there are no approved therapies for treating NASH or NAFLD. Accordingly, there is an unmet need for new treatments in NAFLD and NASH. Approximately 20% of the cancers diagnosed in the United States are attributable to unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and body fatness (World Health Organization: “Cancer Fact Sheet”; who.int / mediacentre / factsheets / fs297 / en / ). Cancer is a heterogeneous and complex disease, with reports of obesity, and physical inactivity being associated with certain forms of cancer. A major challenge to effective cancer treatment is tumor heterogeneity including but not limited to diverse genomic aberrations, perturbed molecular networks, and distinct subclonal cell types. Nutrition is an important part of both cancer prevention and treatment. Good nutrition is of particular importance for cancer patients because both the illness and related therapies can affect one’s appetite. Cancer and cancer treatments can also affect the body's ability to tolerate certain foods and use nutrients. Cancer treatment requires treating the tumor as well as the patient as a whole, of which nutrition is an integral component of the regimen (Bloch Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 AS, Grant B, Hamilton KK, Thomson CA. American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Nutrition for Cancer Survivors: Eating Well, Staying Well During and After Cancer. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2010). Amino acid metabolism has also been implicated in a variety of other diseases and conditions including obesity (Huang et al. (2013) Obesity (Silver Spring) 21: 85-92; Fontana et al. (2016) Cell Rep 16: 520-530; Anthony et al. (2013) Diabetes 62: 2635-2644) and renal disease (Bergstrom et al. (1987) Infusionsther Klin Ernahr 5: 8-11 and WO 2021 / 016132 A1). The role of specific dietary amino acids in clinical conditions is currently of widespread interest. Amino acids are consumed in human food and the diet and may have consequences on health. Each amino acid has its specific metabolism (Nelson, D. L., Cox, M. M. & Lehninger, A. L. Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry. Seventh edition. edn, (W.H. Freeman and Company; Macmillan Higher Education, 2017), and is important for cellular and physiological processes, and disrupting the balance between protein synthesis and metabolism can lead to disease. One strategy to target amino acid metabolism is by depleting amino acids. Amino acid depletion can be achieved by the degradation of a specific amino acid in the bloodstream. When tumor cells are selectively dependent on exogenous supply of a specific amino acid, this will lead to amino acid starvation, cessation of growth, and, ultimately, induction of apoptosis (Fernandes et al. (2017) Expert Opin. Therm. Pat.27: 283-297; Li et al. (2022) Nutr Cancer.74(7): 2607-2621). Amino acid management through diet is the focus of U.S. Patent Nos.10,973,251, 11,241,407 and U.S. Publication Nos.2020-0230092, 2020- 0281243, 2022-0054444, 2022-0117943, 2022-0193447, and 2022-0400730. SUMMARY Disclosed herein are methods and treatment regimens, including compositions and kits useful in managing, treating, reversing, or preventing a disease or one or more symptoms of a disease by manipulating one or more dietary amino acids. The methods, treatment regimens. Including compositions and kits, disclosed herein combine controlling one or more dietary amino acids and selectively adding back protein, or other source of nonessential amino acids at, in some aspects, at timed intervals. In some aspects, the methods and treatment regimens, including compositions and kits disclosed herein can result in one or more pharmacodynamics changes in at least one or more dietary amino acids. For example, implementation of the methods and treatment regimens, including compositions and kits Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 disclosed herein show that, for instance, proline levels can be consistently reduced from levels prior to implementation of the disclosed methods and treatment regimens, and can be used to monitor the efficacy and status of the diets described herein. Disclosed herein are methods of treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, the methods comprising: administering a diet to the subject wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that reduces one or more symptoms of said disease, and wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet achieves a greater reduction or a longer period of reduction of said one or more symptoms of said disease compared to the reduction of said one or more symptoms achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject reduces the one or more symptoms of said disease compared to the one or more symptoms prior to administering the diet to the subject. Disclosed herein are methods of reducing or inhibiting growth of a tumor in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising: administering a diet to the subject wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that reduces or inhibits the growth of the tumor, and wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet achieves a greater reduction or inhibition or a longer period of reduction or inhibition of the growth of the tumor compared to the reduction or inhibition of the growth of the tumor achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject reduces or inhibits the growth of the tumor compared to the growth of the tumor prior to administering the diet to the subject. Disclosed herein are methods of reducing blood glucose levels in a subject, the method comprising: administering a diet to the subject wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that reduces the blood glucose levels, and wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet achieves a greater reduction or a longer period of reduction of the blood glucose levels compared to the reduction of the blood glucose levels achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject reduces the blood glucose levels compared to the blood glucose levels prior to administering the diet to the subject. Disclosed herein are methods of decreasing serum level of a liver enzyme in a subject, the method comprising: administering a diet to the subject wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that decreases the serum level of the liver Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 enzyme, and wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet achieves a greater decrease or a longer period of decrease of the serum level of the liver enzyme compared to the decrease of the serum level of the liver enzyme achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject decreases the serum level of the liver enzyme compared to the serum level of the liver enzyme prior to administering the diet to the subject. Disclosed herein are methods of decreasing the level of one or more lipids in the blood of a subject, the method comprising: administering a diet to the subject wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that decreases the level of one or more lipids in the blood, and wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet achieves a greater decrease or a longer period of decrease of the level of one or more lipids in the blood compared to the decrease of the level of one or more lipids in the blood achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject decreases the level of one or more lipids in the blood compared to the level of one or more lipids in the blood prior to administering the diet to the subject. Disclosed herein are treatment regimens for treating a disease in a subject, wherein said treatment regimens comprise placing the subject on a diet having a first phase and a second phase and wherein the combination of the first and second phase is a treatment cycle, wherein the diet during the first phase comprises: (a) one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and (b) none or one or more nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline, and wherein the diet during the first phase has a reduced amount of at least one or more nonessential amino acids compared to the diet during the second phase of the diet, and wherein the treatment regimen comprises at least one treatment cycle, wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acid administered during the first phase of the diet provides for a reduction of the one or more symptoms of the disease compared to the one or more symptoms prior to administration of the treatment regimen, and wherein the second phase of the diet provides an amount of the nonessential amino acid to maintain the reduction of the one or more symptoms below the level of symptoms prior to initiation of the treatment regimen. Disclosed herein are kits for providing a treatment regimen to a subject, the kits comprising a first phase diet and a second phase diet, wherein the first phase diet comprises Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and one or more nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline, and wherein the first phase diet has a reduced amount of at least one or more nonessential amino acids compared to the second phase diet. Also disclosed are dietary compositions and kits to be used for providing the treatment regimens for practicing the methods of the invention. Other features and advantages of the present compositions and methods are illustrated in the description below, the drawings, and the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGS.1A-I show representative nonessential amino acid profiles of a diet (e.g., FTN203) with or without complete protein (with nonessential amino acids) added back (e.g., 1% (P1), 5% (P5), 10% (P10) and 25% (P25)) in g / 1000 administered to mice. FIG.1A shows the profile of L-cystine. FIG.1B shows the profile of L-aspartate. FIG.1C shows the profile of L-tyrosine. FIG.1D shows the profile of L-glycine. FIG.1E shows the profile of L- proline. FIG.1F shows the profile of L-asparagine. FIG.1G shows the profile of L-alanine. FIG.1H shows the profile of L-serine. FIG.1I shows the profile of L-glutamine. FIGS.2A-I show representative nonessential amino acid profiles of a diet (e.g., FTN203) with or without complete protein (with nonessential amino acids) added back (e.g., 1% (P1), 5% (P5), 10% (P10) and 25% (P25)) as a percent of complete chow (CC). FIG.2A shows the profile of L-cystine. FIG.2B shows the profile of L-aspartate. FIG.2C shows the profile of L-tyrosine. FIG.2D shows the profile of L-glycine. FIG.2E shows the profile of L- proline. FIG.2F shows the profile of L-asparagine. FIG.2G shows the profile of L-alanine. FIG.2H shows the profile of L-serine. FIG.2I shows the profile of L-glutamine. FIG.3 shows the experimental design used in mice after human prostate cancer (PC3) cell implantation. AIN-93M, a purified maintenance diet, was administered until the tumor size in the mice reached around 100-200 mm3. The mice then received the treatment diets (FTN203, FTN203-P1, FTN203-P5, FTN203-P10, FTN203-P25 or a Complete Control diet) for 4-6 weeks. The mice were euthanized at the end of the study period or if the tumors exceeded 2000 mm3or body weight loss ≥ 20%. FIGS.4A-B show the therapeutic effects in a human prostate cancer cell line (PC3), a prostate cancer model, of a modified diet (e.g., FTN203) with or without complete protein (with nonessential amino acids) added back (e.g., 1% (P1), 5% (P5), 10% (P10) and 25% Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 (P25)) administered to mice. The body weight and tumor volume are shown as percentage of the pretreatment data (Day 0 as 100%). FIG.4A shows the effects of the modified diet on body weight. FIG.4B shows the effects of the modified diet on tumor volume. n=10; ns, P>0.05, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, **** P<0.0001; compared to Complete Control or compared to FTN203. FIGS.5A-B show the therapeutic effects in a PC3 prostate cancer model of a modified diet (e.g., FTN203) with or without complete protein (with nonessential amino acids) added back (e.g., 1% (P1), 5% (P5), 10% (P10) and 25% (P25)) administered to mice. FIG.5A shows the effects of the modified diet on body weight. FIG.5B shows the effects of the modified diet on tumor volume. n=10; ns, P>0.05, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, **** P<0.0001; compared to Complete Control or compared to FTN203. FIGS.6A-F show the effects on total cholesterol levels in individual human prostate cancer or colon cancer patients administered Targeted Nutrients Deprivation food (TND food). Patients consumed TND food as their major source of nutrition, which represents between 90-100% of their calorie consumption. The shaded boxes indicate the period of time the patient was administered TND food modules. Each TND food module is 4 weeks and patients are administered a single TND food module or multiple TND food modules. Total blood cholesterol levels were determined at various time points. The green line indicates the upper limit of healthy plasma total cholesterol levels (e.g., total cholesterol level of less than 200 mg / dL). FIG.6A shows the effects on plasma total cholesterol levels for patient VSP006. FIG.6B shows the effects on plasma total cholesterol levels for patient VSP002. FIG.6C shows the effects on plasma total cholesterol levels for patient VSP008. FIG.6D shows the effects on plasma total cholesterol levels for patient VSP005. FIG.6E shows the effects on plasma total cholesterol levels for patient VSP007. FIG.6F shows the effects on plasma total cholesterol levels for patient VSP001. FIG.7 shows the blood proline levels in individual human prostate cancer or colon cancer patients administered Targeted Nutrients Deprivation food (TND food). Patients consumed TND food as their major source of nutrition, which represents between 90- 100% of their calorie consumption. The shaded boxed indicate the period of time the patient was administered TND food modules. Each TND food module is 4 weeks and patients are administered a single TND food module or multiple TND food modules. TND food module compliance was monitored by measuring blood proline levels with Clinical Quantitative Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 Plasma Amino Acid Profile test. The plasma proline levels are shown as Log2 Ratio of the pretreatment data (Day 0 as 0). FIGS.8A-F show the effects on HDL, LDL and triglycerides blood levels in individual human prostate cancer or colon cancer patients administered Targeted Nutrients Deprivation food (TND food). Patients consumed TND food as their major source of nutrition, which represents between 90-100% of their calorie consumption. The shaded boxed indicate the period of time the patient was administered TND food modules. Each TND food module is 4 weeks, and patients are administered a single TND food module or multiple TND food modules. Blood lipid profiles including total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides were measured at various time points. The green line indicates the healthy plasma lipid levels (e.g., HDL levels above 40 mg / dL; LDL levels less than 130 mg / dL; and triglyceride levels less than 150 mg / dL). FIG.6A shows the effects on plasma HDL, LDL and Triglycerides levels for patient VSP006. FIG.6B shows the effects on plasma HDL, LDL and Triglycerides levels for patient VSP002. FIG.6C shows the effects on plasma HDL, LDL and Triglycerides levels for patient VSP008. FIG.6D shows the effects on plasma HDL, LDL and Triglycerides levels for patient VSP005. FIG.6E shows the effects on plasma HDL, LDL and Triglycerides levels for patient VSP007. FIG.6F shows the effects on plasma HDL, LDL and Triglycerides levels for patient VSP001. The accompanying figures, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several non-limiting aspects of the invention. Additional advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Many modifications and other embodiments of the present disclosure set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the present disclosure is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the invention, methods of the invention include: 1) treating a disease by administering a diet having reduced amounts of nonessential amino acids that achieves a greater reduction or a longer period of reduction of said one or more symptoms of said disease compared to the reduction of said one or more symptoms achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject reduces the one or more symptoms of said disease compared to the one or more symptoms prior to administering the diet to the subject; 2) methods of reducing blood glucose levels by administering a diet that achieves a greater reduction or a longer period of reduction of the blood glucose levels compared to the reduction of the blood glucose levels achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject reduces the blood glucose levels compared to the blood glucose levels prior to administering the diet to the subject; 3) methods of decreasing serum level of a liver enzyme by administering a diet that achieves a greater decrease or a longer period of decrease of the serum level of the liver enzyme compared to the decrease of the serum level of the liver enzyme achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject decreases the serum level of the liver enzyme compared to the serum level of the liver enzyme prior to administering the diet to the subject; 4) methods of decreasing the level of one or more lipids in the blood by administering a diet that achieves a greater decrease or a longer period of decrease of the level of one or more lipids in the blood compared to the decrease of the level of one or more lipids in the blood achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject decreases the level of one or more lipids in the blood compared to the level of one or more lipids in the blood prior to administering the diet to the subject; and 5) diets or nutritional compositions, including kits, and treatment regimens for use in any of the methods are now described. PCT Publication Nos. WO2017 / 144877, WO 2019 / 092455, WO 2019 / 118519, WO 2021 / 016132, WO 2021 / 247724, and WO 2021 / 247923 are incorporated herein by reference for their teachings of compositions and diets that deplete one or more amino acids. The diets that deplete, or partially deplete one or more amino acids maybe used according to the invention disclosed herein, in the first phase diet of the disclosed treatment regimen or can be Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 supplemented with additional amino acids to avoid endogenous synthesis of nonessential amino acids. Definitions The word “or” as used herein means any one member of a particular list and also includes any combination of members of that list. As used herein, the terms “about” and “at or about” mean that the amount or value in question can be the value designated some other value approximately or about the same. It is generally understood, as used herein, that it is the nominal value indicated ±10% variation unless otherwise indicated or inferred. A weight percent (wt. %) of a component, unless specifically stated to the contrary, is based on the total weight of the formulation or composition in which the component is included. References in the specification and concluding claims to parts by weight of a particular element or component in a composition denotes the weight relationship between the element or component and any other elements or components in the composition or article for which a part by weight is expressed. Thus, in a composition containing 2 parts by weight of component X and 5 parts by weight component Y, X and Y are present at a weight ratio of 2:5, and are present in such ratio regardless of whether additional components are contained in the composition. As used herein, the term “subject” refers to the target of administration, e.g., a human. Thus, the subject of the disclosed methods can be a vertebrate, such as a mammal, a fish, a bird, a reptile, or an amphibian. The term “subject” also includes domesticated animals (e.g., cats, dogs, etc.), livestock (e.g., cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, etc.), and laboratory animals (e.g., mouse, rabbit, rat, guinea pig, fruit fly, etc.). In some aspects, a subject can be a mammal. In some aspects, a subject can a human. The term does not denote a particular age or sex. Thus, adult, child, adolescent and newborn subjects, whether male or female, are intended to be covered. As used herein, the term “patient” refers to a subject afflicted with a disease or disorder. The term “patient” includes human and veterinary subjects. In some aspects of the disclosed methods, the “patient” has been diagnosed with a need for treatment for a disease, such as for example cancer, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) such as, for example, prior to the administering step. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 As used herein, the terms “effective amount” and “amount effective” refer to an amount that is sufficient to achieve the desired result or to have an effect on an undesired condition. The term “effective amount” as used herein means an amount of an amino acid, diet, or treatment regimen which is sufficient to modify the symptoms and / or conditions to be treated (e.g., provide a positive clinical response). For example, a “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount that is sufficient to achieve the desired therapeutic result or to have an effect on undesired symptom. As used herein, “kit” means a collection of at least two components constituting the kit. Together, the components constitute a functional unit for a given purpose. Individual member components may be physically packaged together or separately. For example, a kit comprising an instruction for using the kit may or may not physically include the instruction with other individual member components. Instead, the instruction can be supplied as a separate member component, either in a paper form or an electronic form which may be supplied on computer readable memory device or downloaded from an internet website, or as recorded presentation. As used herein, “instruction(s)” means documents describing relevant materials or methodologies pertaining to a kit. These materials may include any combination of the following: background information, list of components and their availability information (purchase information, etc.), brief or detailed protocols for using the kit, references, technical support, and any other related documents. Instructions can be supplied with the kit or as a separate member component, either as a paper form or an electronic form which may be supplied on computer readable memory device or downloaded from an internet website, or as recorded presentation. Instructions can comprise one or multiple documents, and are meant to include future updates. An “amino acid” refers to an organic compound having an amino group (—NH2), a carboxylic acid group (—C(═O)OH), and a side chain bonded through a central carbon atom, and includes essential and non-essential amino acids, as well as natural and unnatural amino acids. Amino acids may be present as D- or L-isomers. Unless otherwise indicated, amino acids referred to herein are L-isomers of amino acids. As used herein, the term “free” refers to compositions, mixtures, food sources, and protein sources that have about 0% of a particular component. As used herein, the term “substantially free” refers to compositions, mixtures, food sources and protein sources that have less than about 10 wt% of a particular component. In Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 some aspects, a composition that is “substantially free” of a particular component can contain less than about 10 wt%, less than about 5 wt%, less than about 1 wt%, less than about 0.5 wt%, less than about 0.1 wt% or even less of that particular component. The expression “nutritional composition” means a composition which nourishes a subject. This nutritional composition is usually to be taken orally, enterally, intravenously, and it usually includes a lipid or fat source, a carbohydrate source, and a protein source. The present disclosure is based in part on the discovery that depleting one or more nonessential amino acids in a subject’s diet for a time period, and adding back the one or more nonessential amino acids that was depleted in the subject’s diet in the form of a protein source or a source of nonessential amino acids for a time period, results in a therapeutic benefit to the subject. In other words, going on and off a diet that depletes one or more amino acids can lead to a therapeutic benefit in the subject compared to the subject either on the diet that depletes one or more amino acids continuously. In another embodiment of the invention, nonessential amino acids are present in serum in reduced amounts to provide reduced serum levels compared to serum baseline levels. The reduced serum levels are achieved by administering a diet having reduced amounts, but not the absence of, one or more nonessential amino acids. In another embodiment of the invention, nonessential amino acids are depleted to a level that results in a therapeutic benefit to the subject by administering a diet having reduced amounts, but not an absence of nonessential amino acids. The therapeutic benefit may be a greater reduction in disease symtoms or disease markers and / or longer duration than would have been achieved with complete depletion from the diet of nonessential amino acids. Described herein are methods of improving biological parameters of a subject associated with disease, biological parameters associated with a risk of disease or reducing or ameliorating one or more symptoms of a disease. Examples of biological parameters include but are not limited to blood glucose levels, serum levels of liver enzymes, blood lipid levels, as well as specific biomarkers associated with a particular disease or condition, for example, cancer. In some aspects, the method described herein can reduce the size of a tumor of a subject. The tumor size can be measured using a variety of methods known to those skilled in the art and that measurement (e.g., a reduction) can be indicative of the degree of improvement of cancer. Further, the methods disclosed herein allow a certain amount of depletion of one or more nonessential amino acids that keeps metabolism in flux while also preventing a plateau Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 before the depletion of the one or more nonessential amino acids. In this way, the methods disclosed herein can have therapeutic benefits to any subject regardless of health status. Thus, the methods disclosed herein can also be useful in preventing the onset or worsening of disease. The methods and use of the diets described herein may have certain advantages. For example, the methods and diets can be used to slow the progression of cancer, and are associated with no, or minimal, adverse or untoward effects, The methods and diets of the invention may also reduce cholesterol and other lipids in the blood, protect the liver from chemo-associated toxicity, maintain blood sugar levels or reduce elevation of blood sugar associated with diabetes or other disease, improve mind fog and concentration, improve sleep, increase strength and energy, support muscle growth, maintain body weight, reduce pain and the need for pain medication, reduce acid reflux, improve gastrointestinal health, improve mood, extend life, and combinations thereof, as well as being easy and convenient to administer to the subject. Diets Disclosed herein are diets that can be useful in any of the methods or treatment regimens described herein. In some aspects, the diet can comprise a composition. Disclosed herein are nutritional compositions. Disclosed herein are nutritional diets. In some aspects, the nutritional compositions or diets can be used as a food, a diet, a dietary supplement or a medical drug. In some aspects, the nutritional compositions or nutritional diets can be used as a medical food, a functional food or a supplement. Functional foods are foods that provide nutrients and energy and can modulate one or more targeted functions in the body. In some aspects, the nutritional compositions or the nutritional diets can be a nutritional supplement, a dietary formulation, a functional food, a medical food, a food, or a beverage. In some aspects, the nutritional compositions or the nutritional diets can be a pre- packaged meal. In some aspects, the nutritional compositions or the nutritional diets can be a complete diet package to provide a full nutrition source. In certain embodiments, including those for treating a disease, the invention also provides sufficient nutrition over a period of time to achieve a reduction in one or more symptoms. In some aspects, the nutritional compositions or the nutritional diets can provide a nutritional supplement, a dietary formulation, a functional food, a medical food, a food, or a Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 beverage for use in the management of any of the diseases or disorders described herein. In some aspects, the nutritional compositions or the nutritional diets can provide a nutritional a supplement, a dietary formulation, a functional food, a medical food, a food, or a beverage for use in a subject free of any disease, disorder, or condition. In some aspects, the subject free of any disease, disorder, or condition can be considered “healthy”. In some aspects, the subject that is considered healthy does not have an increased susceptibility of developing a disease or disorder. In some aspects, the subject free of any disease, disorder, or condition can be at an increased risk or susceptibility of developing a disease or disorder. In some aspects, the diets and / or nutrients disclosed herein can be used to improve one or more symptoms associated with a disease. In some aspects, the disease can be cancer, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non- alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith. Thus, a method, including a treatment regimen, for treating (e.g., inhibiting, reducing, ameliorating, or preventing) various liver disorders, diseases, cancer, or symptoms thereof using the amino acid entity compositions is disclosed herein. In some aspects, the diets and / or nutrients disclosed herein can be used to improve liver function in a subject with fatty liver disease, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; e.g. NAFL or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) or alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD; e.g., alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH)). In some aspects, the diet can comprise one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that reduces one or more symptoms of a disease. In some aspects, the diet can comprise one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that reduces or inhibits the growth of the tumor. In some aspects, the diet can comprise one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that reduces blood glucose levels. In some aspects, the diet can comprise one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that decreases the serum level of a liver enzyme. In some aspects, the diet can comprise one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that decreases the level of one or more lipids in the blood. The diets of the invention provide a longer duration of response and achieve a better result than complete depletion of one or more nonessential amino acids where the complete depletion of such nonessential amino acids continues sufficiently long to alow for the subject to escape the benefit of the depletion. In some aspects, the diet can be the source of all nutrients for the subject. In some aspects, the diet can be administered orally. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 In some aspects, the diet can comprise: (a) one or more essential amino acids selected from histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and (b) one or more nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline. As used herein, the term “essential amino acid” refers to an amino acid that cannot be synthesized de novo by the organism. Essential amino acids include arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Essential amino acids may include salts thereof. As used herein, the term “nonessential amino acid” refers to an amino acid that can be synthesized de novo by the organism. Nonessential amino acids include alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine (or cystine), glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine. The terms “cysteine” and “cystine” are used interchangeably herein. Nonessential amino acids may also include salts thereof. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids can be provided to the subject in combination with other nutrients in the diet. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids can be provided to the subject separately from other nutrients in the diet. In some aspects, the other nutrients in the diet can be one or more nonessential amino acids that are not present in the diet. For example, the diet can comprise one or more of alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline and be devoid of cysteine or cystine, and the “other nutrient” can be cysteine or cystine, wherein the cysteine or cystine can be provided as a free amino acid, as part of a peptide, or within a natural or synthetic peptide or protein. A feature of an embodiment of the invention is to at least partially deplete one or more nonessential amino acids from a subject’s diet for a time period, and then intermittently add back a portion or all of the one or more nonessential amino acids that were depleted from the subject’s diet. Amino acids can be added back in one or more different forms, including without limitation as free amino acids, peptides or proteins. The amount of the amino acid added back to the subject’s diet, for example, as a protein can be the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for the subject. For example, a person who weighs 165 pounds or 75 kilograms should consume 60 grams of protein per day. In some aspects, the nonessential amino acids that are not present in the diet can be provided (or added back) separately as a protein or protein source or as a source of nonessential amino acids as described herein. In some aspects, the nonessential amino acids that are not present in the diet can be provided Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 separately in the form of free amino acids, a peptide, a protein, or an animal based food. In some aspects, any of the nonessential amino acids provided to the subject can be in the form of free amino acids, one or more peptides, one or more proteins, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the nonessential amino acids that are not present in the diet can be provided separately in the form an animal-based food, plant-based food, a fungus, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the nonessential amino acids that are added back can be in the form of any food, preferably foods having a low protein content. Nonlimiting examples of such foods include fruit, whole grains, lean meats, low fat yogurt, and low fat milk. A low protein food as used herein would be any food having a protein content that when combined with the other dietary components provides adequate nutrition without losing the benefit of the reduced dietary nonessential amino acids. The diet of the invention may achieve the benefit of reduced nonessential amino acids, but intermittently completely elimintating one or more nonessential amino acids from the diet, such as cysteine, or by incuding low amounts of nonessential amino acids in the diet which are maintained at sufficiently low levels to maintain proline serum levels below baseline levels compared to an unrestricted diet. In some embodiments of the invention, one or more nonessential amino acids are completely depleted for a period of time followed by period wherein the depleted nonessential amino acids are added back to the diet for a period of time. In other embodiments of the invention, a diet is provided that has a sufficently reduced amount of one or more nonessential amino acids without completely depleting the one or more nonessential amino acids, but which provides a similar response to completely depleting and then intermittanly adding back the nonessential amino acids. The one or more nonessential amino acids that can be provided to the subject in combination with other nutrients in the diet or separately with other nutrients in the diet encompasses the other nutrients being co-administered with the diet. “Co-administration” or “administered in combination with” can encompasses administration of the diet and the other nutrients (e.g., nonessential amino acids not present in the diet or a protein source) are present in the subject at the same time. Co-administration can also encompass treatment regimens in which the diet and the other nutrients are administered by the same or different route of administration or at the same or different times. Co-administration includes simultaneous administration in separate compositions, administration at different times in separate compositions, or administration in a composition in which both the diet and the other nutrients are present. Co-administration can include simultaneous administration of the diet Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 and the other nutrients in separate compositions, administration at different times in separate compositions, and / or administration in a single composition comprising each of the diet and the other nutrients to be co-administered. In some aspects, a feature of the invention provides for avoiding complete depletion of nonessential amino acids over an extended period of time. Another feature of the invention includes providing dietary sources of the nonessential amino acids either continuously or on an intermittent basis. Providing on an intermittent basis gives rise to the different cycles or the treatment regimens as described herein. In some aspects, the nonessential amino acids can be provided in any form including but not limited to as free amino acids, peptides, or natural or synthetic peptides or proteins. In some aspects, the nonessential amino acids can be provided as a part of a pre-packaged meal. In some aspects, natural peptides and / or proteins can be found in food including but not limited to meat, fish and shellfish, beans and lentils, soy, oats, flaxseed, hemp seed, rice, corn, wheat, poultry, seafood, eggs, dairy, cereal grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, fruit, vegetables, and mushrooms. In some aspects, natural peptides and / or proteins can include novel foods and ingredients including but not limited to algae / algal protein, cultured meat, fish, poultry, yeast, and vegetable protein meat alternatives). Synthetic proteins can be recombinantly produced and can have any sequence of amino acids. In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence can have a percent of amino acid composition that provides an adequate amount of the different amino acids to provide nutrients and prevent compensatory amino acid synthesis resulting from prolonged amino acid depletion. In some aspects, the diet can further comprise a protein source. In some aspects, the diet can further comprise a source of nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the nutritional composition can further comprise a protein source. In some aspects, the nutritional composition can further comprise a source of nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the nutritional diet can further comprise a protein source. In some aspects, the nutritional diet can further comprise a source of nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the source of nonessential amino acids can be in the form of free amino acids, one or more peptides, one or more proteins or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the protein source or the source of nonessential amino acids can be in the form of an animal-based food, a plant-based food, a cell-cultured food, a fermentation based-food, a fungus, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the one or more proteins can be a complete protein. A complete protein is a protein that contains an adequate amount or proportion of all of the essential amino acids. Animal Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 proteins are complete proteins, and can be found in one or more food sources including but not limited to meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy, cultured protein (e.g., meat, fish, poultry), yeast, and fermentation proteins. In some aspects, the one or more proteins can be an incomplete protein. In some aspects, the incomplete protein can be from a plant-based food, and can be found in one or more food sources including but not limited to quinoa, buckwheat, hemp, chia see, spirulina, tempeh, and amaranth. In some aspects, the one or more complete or incomplete proteins can be present in a food source. In some aspects, the food source can be whey, soy, casein, oat, egg, blood, pea, barley, a meat, a dairy product, or fish. In some aspects, the one or more complete or incomplete proteins can be a natural protein. In some aspects, the one or more proteins can be albumin, ovalbumin, casein, or whey. In some aspects, the one or more proteins can be a synthetic protein. In some aspects, a synthetic protein can be manufactured artificially and mimic structure and function of natural proteins. In some aspects, the source of nonessential amino acids can be a plant-based food. Examples of plant-based foods include but are not limited to nuts, seeds, sweet potatoes, squash, peas, berries, apples, grapes, oranges, peaches, figs, bananas, kiwi, oatmeal, buckwheat, quinoa, rice, chickpeas, beans, lentils, olive oil, avocado oil, and tomato sauce. In some aspects, the source of nonessential amino acids can be a fungus. Examples of fungi as food include but are not limited to mushrooms, yeast, cheese, bread, chocolate, coffee, tea, pickles, olives, salami, soy sauce, tempeh, yogurt, and miso. In some aspects, the source of nonessential amino acids can be in the form of a processed food. Examples of processed foods include but are not limited to breakfast cereals, cheese, tinned vegetables, bread, snacks (e.g., crisps, sausage rolls, pies, pastries), meat products (e.g., bacon, sausage, ham, salami, pate), microwave meals or ready meals, cakes, biscuits, drinks (e.g., milk or soft drinks). In some aspects, the source of nonessential amino acids can be in the form of a drink (e.g., protein shakes, soups, broth, milk, soymilk, lactaid milk, yogurt, pudding). In some aspects, the protein source can be any fruit. In some apects, the protein source can be any vegetable. In some aspects, the protein source can be any food, preferably foods having a low protein content. In some aspects, the protein source can be a lean meat. In some aspects, the protein source is not a steak. In some aspects, the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids. The one or more nonessential amino acids can be alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids can be alanine. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids can be Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 asparagine. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids can be aspartate. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids can be cysteine or cystine. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids can be glutamine. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids can be glycine. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids can be serine. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids can be tyrosine. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids can be proline. In some aspects, the diets or nutritional compositions disclosed herein comprise methionine. In some aspects, the diets or nutritional compositions can comprise methionine and at least one of the nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the diets or nutritional compositions comprise the at least one nonessential amino acids that can be present in the diet or nutritional composition in an amount that provides (i) a molar ratio of methionine to alanine that is greater than about 0.06; (ii) a molar ratio of methionine to asparagine that is greater than about 0.3; (iii) a molar ratio of methionine to aspartate that is greater than about 2; (iv) a molar ratio of methionine to cysteine or cystine that is greater than about 0.5; (v) a molar ratio of methionine to glutamine that is greater than about 0.04; (vi) a molar ratio of methionine to glycine that is greater than about 0.1; (vii) a molar ratio of methionine to serine that is greater than about 0.2; (viii) a molar ratio of methionine to tyrosine that is greater than about 0.3; or (ix) a molar ratio of methionine to proline that is greater than about 0.1. In some aspects, the amount of the nonessential amino acids added back to the subject’s diet or the amount of the protein source is in a sufficient amount to avoid the body making the nonessential amino acid that was not present in the diet (or first phase of the treatment regimen), and can maintain the therapeutic or beneficial effects of the diet (or treatment regimens). In some aspects, the amount of the nonessential amino acids or the protein source of nonessential amino acids can be sufficient to achieve a sustained reduction of one or more symptoms of a disease. In some aspects, the amount of the source of nonessential amino acids or the protein source can be in an amount that extends the duration of the reduction of one or more symptoms of a disease. In some aspects, the source of nonessential amino acids or the protein source can be an amino acid source, a protein source as described herein, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the amount of the nonessential amino acids or protein source of nonessential amino acids can be between 1% and 25% or 1% and 50% of the total amount of amino acids or protein added back into the diet following the reduction of one or Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 more nonessential amino acids from the diet. In some aspects, the amount of the nonessential amino acids or protein source can be 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49% or 50% of the total amount of amino acids or protein added back into the diet following the reduction of one or more nonessential amino acids from the diet. In some aspects, the amount of nonessential amino acids added back to the subject’s diet can be about 0.5 to 50.0 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of nonessential amino acids added back can be about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 g per day. In some such aspects of the invention, nonessential amino acids that have been reduced or depleted are added back or restored to levels of nonessential amino acids to, prolong the duration of response to the nonessential amino acid depeletion. Without being bound by theory, adding back nonessential amino acids through amino acid or protein supplements may prevent or attenuate compensatory endogenous synthesis of the depleted nonessential amino acids. Examples of food that can be added back into a subject’s diet, or kept at low levels, can include but is not limited to fruits and vegetables (e.g., apples, oranges, bananas, tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, carrots, celery, broccoli and the like). In some aspects, the fruit and / or vegetables can be added back in a plurality of serviings, for example 1, 2, 3, or 4 servings per day. In some aspects, the amount of the source of nonessential amino acids or the protein source provided to the subject provides for an overall reduction of nonessential amino acids compared to the blood concentration without an amino acid or protein restricted diet is sufficient to achieve a sustained reduction of blood glucose levels in a subject. In some aspects, the amount of the source of nonessential amino acids in the protein source can be in an amount that extends the reduction of blood glucose levels in a subject. In some aspects, the source of the nonessential amino acids or the protein source can be an amino acid source, a protein source as described herein, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the amount of the nonessential amino acids in the protein source can be about 0.5 to 50.0 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of nonessential amino acids added back to the subject’s diet can be about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, or 50 g per day.. In some Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 aspects, the amount of the nonessential amino acids in the protein source can be about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49% or 50% of the amount of the nonessential amino acids added back to the subject’s diet compared to the amount of the nonessential amino acids present in the subject’s diet prior to or according to the RDA requirements for protein to the amount of nonessential amino acids added back. For example, in some aspects, the amount of L-cysteine in the protein source can be about 0.003 to 0.4 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-glycine in the protein source can be about 0.009 to 1.0 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-alanine in the protein source can be about 0.015 to 1.55 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L- aspartate in the protein source can be about 0.015 to 1.55 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-proline in the protein source can be about 0.05 - 5.4 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-serine in the protein source can be about 0.02 to 2.9 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-tyrosine in the protein source can be about 0.02 to 2.8 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-asparagine in the protein source can be about 0.019 to 1.92 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-glutamine in the protein source can be about 0.04 to 4.6 g per day. The ranges of the amount of nonessential amino acids suitable for use in the invention may also independently be for L-cysteine in the protein source can be about 0.003 to 0.2 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-glycine in the protein source can be about 0.009 to 0.5 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-alanine in the protein source can be about 0.015 to 0.77 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-aspartate in the protein source can be about 0.015 to 0.77 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-proline in the protein source can be about 0.05 - 2.7 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-serine in the protein source can be about 0.02 to 1.5 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L- tyrosine in the protein source can be about 0.02 to 1.4 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-asparagine in the protein source can be about 0.019 to 0.96 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-glutamine in the protein source can be about 0.04 to 2.3 g per day. In some aspects, the source of nonessential amino acids or the amount of the protein source provided to the subject provides for an overall reduction of nonessential amino acids compared to the blood concentration without an amino acid or protein restricted diet is sufficient to achieve a sustained reduction or decrease of serum levels of a liver enzyme in a Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 subject. Examples of liver enzymes indicative of liver function include but are not limited to alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). In some aspects, the source of nonessential amino acids or the amount of the protein source can be in an amount that extends the reduction or decrease of serum levels of a liver enzyme in a subject. In some aspects, the source of nonessential amino acids or the protein source can be an amino acid source, a protein source as described herein, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the amount of the source of the nonessential amino acids in the protein source can be about 1% and 25% or 1% and 50% of the total amount of amino acids or protein added back. In some aspects, the amount of the nonessential amino acids or protein source can be 0.1, 0.5, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49% or 50% of the total amount of amino acids or protein added back into the diet following the reduction of one or more nonessential amino acids from the diet. In some aspects, the amount of nonessential amino acids added back to the subject’ diet can be about 0.5 to 50.0 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of nonessential amino acids added back can be about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of the source of nonessential amino acids or the protein source provided to the subject provides for an overall reduction of nonessential amino acids compared to the blood concentration without an amino acid or protein restricted diet is sufficient to achieve a sustained reduction or decrease of the level of one or more lipids in blood. In some aspects, the amount of the source of nonessential amino acids or the protein source can be an amount that extends the reduction or decrease of the level of one or more lipids in blood. In some aspects, the source of nonessential amino acids or the protein source can be an amino acid source, a protein source as described herein, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the amount of the nonessential amino acids in the protein source can be about 1% and 25% or 1% and 50% of the total amount of amino acids or protein added back. In some aspects, the amount of the nonessential amino acids or protein source can be 0.1, 0.5, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49% or Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 50% of the total amount of amino acids or protein added back into the diet following the reduction of one or more nonessential amino acids from the diet. In some aspects, the amount of nonessential amino acids added back to the subject’ diet can be about 0.5 to 50.0 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of nonessential amino acids added back can be about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of the protein source or the one or more proteins can be 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24% or 25% relative to the amount of the total protein source including intact protein, free amino acids, and peptides in the diet or nutritional composition. In some aspects, the amount of the protein source or the one or more proteins includes at least 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24% or 25% of at least one or more of the amino acids that is not present in the diet or nutritional composition. In some aspects, the amount of the nonessential amino acids in the protein source can be about 1% and 25% or 1% and 50% of the total amount of amino acids or protein added back. In some aspects, the amount of the nonessential amino acids or protein source can be 0.1, 0.5, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49% or 50% of the total amount of amino acids or protein added back into the diet following the reduction of one or more nonessential amino acids from the diet. In some aspects, the amount of nonessential amino acids added back to the subject’ diet can be about 0.5 to 50.0 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of nonessential amino acids added back can be about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, or 50 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of nonessential amino acids can be 1% and 25% or 1% and 50% relative to the amount of the total protein source including intact protein, free amino acids, and peptides in the diet or nutritional composition. In some aspects, the amount of the source of nonessential amino acids includes at least 1% and 25% or 1% and 50% of at least one or more of the amino acids that is not present in the diet or nutritional composition. For example, in some aspects, the amount of L-cysteine in the protein source can be about 0.003 to 0.4 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-glycine in the protein source can be about Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 0.009 to 1.0 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-alanine in the protein source can be about 0.015 to 1.55 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-aspartate in the protein source can be about 0.015 to 1.55 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-proline in the protein source can be about 0.05 - 5.4 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-serine in the protein source can be about 0.02 to 2.9 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L- tyrosine in the protein source can be about 0.02 to 2.8 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-asparagine in the protein source can be about 0.019 to 1.92 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-glutamine in the protein source can be about 0.04 to 4.6 g per day. The ranges of the amount of nonessential amino acids suitable for use in the invention may also independently be for L-cysteine in the protein source can be about 0.003 to 0.2 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-glycine in the protein source can be about 0.009 to 0.5 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-alanine in the protein source can be about 0.015 to 0.77 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-aspartate in the protein source can be about 0.015 to 0.77 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-proline in the protein source can be about 0.05 - 2.7 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-serine in the protein source can be about 0.02 to 1.5 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-tyrosine in the protein source can be about 0.02 to 1.4 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L-asparagine in the protein source can be about 0.019 to 0.96 g per day. In some aspects, the amount of L- glutamine in the protein source can be about 0.04 to 2.3 g per day. In some aspects, the source of nonessential amino acids or the protein source can be made up of free amino acids or a mixture of amino acids. In some aspects, the diets or nutritional compositions disclosed herein can comprise a mixture of amino acids. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise histidine in an amount of from about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 times of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for histidine in mg / kg / day. For example, the RDA of histidine is 14 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise histidine in an amount of from about 10 mg / kg / day to about 95 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise isoleucine in an amount of from about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 times of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for isoleucine in mg / kg / day. For example, the RDA of isoleucine is 19 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise isoleucine in an amount of from about 15 mg / kg / day to about 130 mg / kg / day Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise leucine in an amount of from about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 times of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for leucine in mg / kg / day. For example, the RDA of leucine is 42 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise leucine in an amount of from about 35 mg / kg / day to about 275 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise lysine in an amount of from about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 times of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for lysine in mg / kg / day. For example, the RDA of lysine is 38 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise lysine in an amount of from about 30 mg / kg / day to about 350 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise methionine in an amount of from about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 times of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for methionine in mg / kg / day. For example, the RDA of methionine is 19 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise methionine in an amount of from about 15 mg / kg / day to about 130 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise phenylalanine in an amount of from about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 times of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for phenylalanine in mg / kg / day. For example, the RDA of phenylalanine is 33 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise phenylalanine in an amount of from about 25 mg / kg / day to about 220 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise threonine in an amount of from about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 times of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for threonine in mg / kg / day. For example, the RDA of threonine is 20 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise threonine in an amount of from about 15 mg / kg / day to about 135 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise tryptophan in an amount of from about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 times of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for tryptophan in mg / kg / day. For example, the RDA of tryptophan is 5 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise tryptophan in an amount of from about 2 mg / kg / day to about 40 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids can comprise valine in an amount of from about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 times of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for valine in mg / kg / day. For example, the RDA of valine is 24 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 mixture of amino acids can comprise valine in an amount of from about 20 mg / kg / day to about 160 mg / kg / day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises one of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. In a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises at least two of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises at least three of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises at least four of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. In an even further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises at least five of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises at least six of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises at least seven of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. In an even further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises at least eight of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises each of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises histidine. In a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises isoleucine. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises leucine. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises methionine. In an even further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises phenylalanine. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises threonine. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises tryptophan. In an even further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises valine. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threoninine, tryptophan, and valine. In various aspects, the weight ratio between the amino acids present in the mixture of amino acids is at least K:M 2.8:1; E:M 2.5:1; L:M 2.2:1; F:M 1.7:1; V:M 1.25:1; T:M 1:1; I:M 1:1; R:M 1:1; H:M 1:0.7; W:M 1:2.5. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises one or more nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline. In a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises alanine. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises asparagine. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises aspartate. In an even further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises cysteine or cystine. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises glutamine. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises glycine. In an even further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises serine. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises tyrosine. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises proline. Without being bound by any theory, the amount of the supplemental amino acids may reduce the escape from the therapeutic amino acid deprivation that may occur by increased endogenous synthesis of the depleted one or more nonessential amino acids. In various aspects, the mixture comprises methionine and one or more nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline present in an amount that provides: (i) a molar ratio of methionine to alanine that is greater than about 0.06; (ii) a molar ratio of methionine to asparagine that is greater than about 0.3; (iii) a molar ratio of methionine to aspartate that is greater than about 2; (iv) a molar ratio of methionine to cysteine or cystine that is greater than about 0.5; (v) a molar ratio of methionine to glutamine that is greater than about 0.04; (vi) a molar ratio of methionine to glycine that is greater than about 0.1; (vii) a molar ratio of methionine to serine that is greater than about 0.2; (viii) a molar ratio of methionine to tyrosine that is greater than about 0.3; and / or (viiii) a molar ratio of methionine to proline that is greater than about 0.1. In some aspects, the mixture can be administered in the first phase of the treatment regimen to reduce the blood levels of at least one of the nonessential amino acids in the subject. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises methionine and alanine, wherein alanine is present in the mixture in an amount that provides a molar ratio of methionine to alanine that is greater than about 0.06, greater than about 0.07, greater than about 0.08, greater than about 0.09, greater than about 0.1, greater than about 0.2, greater than about 0.3, greater than about 0.4, greater than about 0.5, greater than about 0.6, greater than about 0.7, greater than about 0.8, greater than about 0.9, greater than about 1, greater than about 2, greater than about 3, greater than about 4, or greater than about 5. In some Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 aspects, the mixture can be administered in the first phase of the treatment regimen to reduce the blood levels of at least one of the nonessential amino acids in the subject. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises methionine and asparagine, wherein asparagine is present in the mixture in an amount that provides a molar ratio of methionine to asparagine that is greater than about 0.3, greater than about 0.4, greater than about 0.5, greater than about 0.6, greater than about 0.7, greater than about 0.8, greater than about 0.9, greater than about 1, greater than about 2, greater than about 3, greater than about 4, greater than about 5, greater than about 6, greater than about 7, greater than about 8, greater than about 9, or greater than about 10. In some aspects, the mixture can be administered in the first phase of the treatment regimen to reduce the blood levels of at least one of the nonessential amino acids in the subject. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises methionine and aspartate, wherein aspartate is present in the mixture in an amount that provides a molar ratio of methionine to aspartate that is greater than about 2, greater than about 3, greater than about 4, greater than about 5, greater than about 6, greater than about 7, greater than about 8, greater than about 9, greater than about 10, greater than about 11, greater than about 12, greater than about 13, greater than about 14, greater than about 15, greater than about 16, greater than about 18, greater than about 19, or greater than about 20. In some aspects, the mixture can be administered in the first phase of the treatment regimen to reduce the blood levels of at least one of the nonessential amino acids in the subject. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises methionine and cysteine or cystine, wherein cysteine or cystine is present in the mixture in an amount that provides a molar ratio of methionine to cysteine or cystine that is greater than about 0.5, greater than about 0.6, greater than about 0.7, greater than about 0.8, greater than about 0.9, greater than about 1, greater than about 2, greater than about 3, greater than about 4, greater than about 5, greater than about 6, greater than about 7, greater than about 8, greater than about 9, greater than about 10. In some aspects, the mixture can be administered in the first phase of the treatment regimen to reduce the blood levels of at least one of the nonessential amino acids in the subject. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises methionine and glutamine, wherein glutamine is present in the mixture in an amount that provides a molar ratio of methionine to glutamine that is greater than about 0.04, greater than about 0.05, greater than about 0.06, greater than about 0.07, greater than about 0.08, greater than about 0.09, greater Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 than about 0.1, greater than about 0.2, greater than about 0.3, greater than about 0.4, greater than about 0.5, greater than about 0.6, greater than about 0.7, greater than about 0.8, greater than about 0.9, greater than about 1, greater than about 2, or greater than about 3. In some aspects, the mixture can be administered in the first phase of the treatment regimen to reduce the blood levels of at least one of the nonessential amino acids in the subject. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises methionine and glycine, wherein glycine is present in the mixture in an amount that provides a molar ratio of methionine to glycine that is greater than about 0.1, greater than about 0.2, greater than about 0.3, greater than about 0.4, greater than about 0.5, greater than about 0.6, greater than about 0.7, greater than about 0.8, greater than about 0.9, greater than about 1, greater than about 2, greater than about 3, greater than about 4, greater than about 5, greater than about 6, greater than about 7, or greater than about 8. In some aspects, the mixture can be administered in the first phase of the treatment regimen to reduce the blood levels of at least one of the nonessential amino acids in the subject. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises methionine and serine, wherein serine is present in the mixture in an amount that provides a molar ratio of methionine to serine that is greater than about 0.2, greater than about 0.3, greater than about 0.4, greater than about 0.5, greater than about 0.6, greater than about 0.7, greater than about 0.8, greater than about 0.9, greater than about 1, greater than about 2, greater than about 3, greater than about 4, greater than about 5, greater than about 6, greater than about 7, greater than about 8, greater than about 9, or greater than about 10. In some aspects, the mixture can be administered in the first phase of the treatment regimen to reduce the blood levels of at least one of the nonessential amino acids in the subject. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises methionine and tyrosine, wherein tyrosine is present in the mixture in an amount that provides a molar ratio of methionine to tyrosine that is greater than about 0.3, greater than about 0.4, greater than about 0.5, greater than about 0.6, greater than about 0.7, greater than about 0.8, greater than about 0.9, greater than about 1, greater than about 2, greater than about 3, greater than about 4, greater than about 5, greater than about 6, greater than about 7, greater than about 8, greater than about 9, or greater than about 10. In some aspects, the mixture can be administered in the first phase of the treatment regimen to reduce the blood levels of at least one of the nonessential amino acids in the subject. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises methionine and proline, wherein proline is present in the mixture in an amount that provides a molar ratio of methionine to proline that is greater than about 0.1, greater than about 0.2, greater than about 0.3, greater than about 0.4, greater than about 0.5, greater than about 0.6, greater than about 0.7, greater than about 0.8, greater than about 0.9, greater than about 1, greater than about 2, greater than about 3, greater than about 4, greater than about 5, greater than about 6, greater than about 7, or greater than about 8. In some aspects, the mixture can be administered in the first phase of the treatment regimen to reduce the blood levels of at least one of the nonessential amino acids in the subject. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids is free of nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline. In a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is substantially free of nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline. In some aspects, the mixture can be administered in the first phase of the treatment regimen to reduce the blood levels of at least one of the nonessential amino acids in the subject. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids is free of at least one of alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline. In a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of at least two of alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of at least three of alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of at least four of alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline. In an even further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of at least five of alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of at least six of alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of at least seven of alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline. In an even further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of each of alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids is free of at least one of alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, and proline that can be administered in the first phase of the treatment regimen to reduce the blood levels of at least one of the nonessential amino acids in the subject. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids is free of alanine. In a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of asparagine. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of aspartate. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of cysteine and cystine. In an even further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of glutamine. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of glycine. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of serine. In an even further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of tyrosine. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of proline. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids is free of glycine and serine. In various aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine in an amount of from about 10 wt% to about 100 wt% ±10%, based on the total weight of the mixture. In a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine in an amount of from about 20 wt% to about 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine in an amount of from about 40 wt% to about 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine in an amount of from about 80 wt% to about 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture. In an even further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine in an amount of from about 90 wt% to about 100 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine in an amount of from about 30 wt% to about 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture. In yet a further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine in an amount of from about 35 wt% to about 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture. In Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 an even further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine in an amount of from about 25 wt% to about 35 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture. In a still further aspect, the mixture of amino acids comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine in an amount of about 30 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture. In some aspects, the diet(s) and composition(s) disclosed herein can further include the administration to the subject of a known dietary substituent. In some aspects, administration to the subject of a known dietary substituent can be further supplemented by protein (e.g., a protein source as disclosed herein) during the period of when one or more nonessential amino acids are depeleted. In some aspects, the protein that is used as a supplement can be considered a “low-protein” supplement. In some aspects, “low-protein” can refer to the amount of protein in the supplement such that it is less than or equal to 0.6 grams / kilogram of body weight per day. In other aspects of the invention, “low-protein” refers to an amount of protein in the supplements such that it is less than or equal to 0.4 grams / kilogram of body weight per day. In yet other aspects of the invention, “low-protein” refers to an amount of protein in the supplements such that it is less than or equal to 0.1 grams / kilogram of body weight per day. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises histidine in an amount of about 15 wt% to about 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture of the amino acids. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises isoleucine in an amount of about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture amino acids. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises leucine in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture amino acids. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises lysine in an amount of about 15 wt% to about 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture amino acids. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises methionine in an amount of about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture amino acids. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises phenylalanine in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture amino acids. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises threonine in an amount of about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture amino acids. In some aspects, the mixture of amino acids comprises tryptophan in an amount of about 1 wt% to about 2 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture amino acids. In some aspects, the Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 mixture of amino acids comprises valine in an amount of about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the mixture amino acids. In various aspects, the composition further comprises a carbohydrate. In some aspects, the carbohydrate can be a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, oligosaccharide, and a polysaccharide. Exemplary carbohydrates include, but are not limited to, dextrose, maltodextrin, starch, glucose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, maltose, lactose, raffinose, stachyose, amylose, amylopectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, inulin, oat fiber, gum and mucilage, and combinations thereof. Thus, in various aspects, the composition further comprises a carbohydrate in an amount of from about 25 wt% to about 55 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 45 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 40 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 35 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 30 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 55 wt%, about 35 wt% to about 55 wt%, about 40 wt% to about 55 wt%, about 45 wt% to about 55 wt%, about 50 wt% to about 55 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 45 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 40 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 35 wt%, about 35 wt% to about 30 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 50 wt%, or about 35 wt% to about 45 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. In various aspects, the composition further comprises one or more vitamins. Exemplary vitamins include, but are not limited to, vitamin A, vitamin B (e.g., biotin, vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B9, vitamin B12, or a combination thereof), vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, choline, and combinations thereof. Thus, in various aspects, the composition further comprises one or more vitamins in an amount of Vitamin C 90-2000 mg / day, Vitamin A (retinol) 900-3000 mcg per day, Vitamin D320-200 mcg per day, Vitamin E 15-1,000 mg per day, Vitamin K 120-300 mcg per day, Thiamin (vitamin B1) 1.2-50 mg per day, Riboflavin (vitamin B2) 1.3-50 mg per day, Niacin or Niacinamide (vitamin B3)16- 35 mg per day, Pantothenic Acid 5-400 mg per day, Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) 1.7-100 mg per day, Folate or Folic Acid 400-1,000 mcg per day, Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) 2.4-25 mcg per day, Biotin 30-5,000 mcg per day. In some aspects, the composition does not comprise any vitamins. In various aspects, the composition further comprises a fat (e.g., a plant-based fat, an animal-based fat, a combination of fats). In some aspects, the fat can be a monounsaturated fat, a polyunsaturated fat, a saturated fat or a trans-fat, or combinations thereof. For example, the composition can further comprise one or more fats in an amount of total fat from about 5 wt% to about 25 wt%, 10 wt% to about 25 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 25 wt%, about 20 Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 wt% to about 25 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 20 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 15 wt%, or about 15 wt% to about 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. In various aspects, the composition further comprises a fatty acid. Exemplary fatty acids include, but are not limited to, omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, the fatty acid can be lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, caprilic acid, capric acid, arachidonic acid, gamma linoleic, and conjugated linoleic acid. Thus, in various aspects, the composition further comprises one or more fatty acids in an amount of total fatty acids from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 4 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 3 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 2 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 3 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 4 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 4 wt%, or about 1 wt% to about 3 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. In various aspects, the composition further comprises a sugar (e.g., cane sugar, a combination of various sugar types). Examples of sugars include, but are not limited to cane sugar, beet sugar, corn syrup, rice syrup, tapioca syrup, fruit sugar, fructose, glucose, fruit sugar, light brown / golden / golden yellow sugar, powdered or confectioner’s sugar, white granulated sugar, honey, or coconut sugar. For example, the composition can further comprise a sugar in an amount of from about 5 wt% to about 20 wt%, about 5 wt% to about 15 wt%, about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 20 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 20 wt%, or about 10 wt% to about 15 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. In various aspects, the composition further comprises a flavorant (e.g., fruit flavor, food seasoning, combinations thereof). In various aspects, the composition further comprises a dietary fiber (e.g., soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, combinations thereof). Dietary fiber consists of non- starch polysaccharides and other plant components such as cellulose, resistant starch, resistant dextrins, inulin, lignins, chitins (in fungi), pectins, oat fiber, konjac gum, beta- glucans, and oligosaccharides. Examples of soluble fibers include but are not limited to arabinoxylan, fructans, inulin, polyuronide, pectin, alginic acids, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, calcium alginate, propylene glycol alginate, agar, carrageen, Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 raffinose, and polydextrose. Examples of insoluble fibers include but are not limited to cellulose, chitin, hemicellulose, hexoses, pentose, lignin, xanthan gum, and starch. Sources of soluble dietary fiber include but are not limited to legumes (e.g., peas, soybeans, lupins and other beans), oats, rye, chia, barley, fruits (e.g., figs, avocados, plums, prunes, berries, bananas, skins of apples, quinces, pears), vegetables (e.g., broccoli, carrots, artichokes), root tubers and root vegetables (e.g., sweet potatoes, onions), psyllium seed husks, flax seeds, and nuts (e.g., almonds). Sources of insoluble dietary fiber include but are not limited to whole grains, wheat bran, corn bran, oat fiber, legumes (e.g., beans and peas), nuts, seeds, potato skins, lignans, vegetables (e.g., green beans, cauliflower, zucchini, celery, and nopal), and fruits (e.g., avocado, bananas, kiwifruit, grapes and tomatoes). For example, the composition can further comprise a dietary fiber in an amount of from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 4 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 3 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 2 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 5 wt%, 1 wt% to about 2 wt% to about 5 wt%, 3 wt% to about 5 wt%, 4 wt% to about 5 wt%, 0.5 wt% to 1 wt% to about 3 wt%, or 3 wt% to about 6 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. In various aspects, the composition further comprises a mineral. Exemplary minerals include, but are not limited to, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, copper, chromium, fluoride, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, or combinations thereof. Thus, in various aspects, the composition further comprises a mineral in an amount ofcalcium 1,000-2000 mg per day, phosphorus 1,000-3,000 mg per day, magnesium 420-600 mg per day, sodium 500-2,300 mg per day, potassium 3,500-4,700 mg per day, chloride 750- 2,300 mg per day g / day, iron 18 -40 mg per day, copper 0.9 -10 mg per day, chromium 35- 200 mcg per day, iodine 150 -1,100 mcg per day, manganese 2.3 -11mg per day, molybdenum 45-2,000 mcg per day, selenium 55 - 400 mcg per day, zinc 11-40 mg per day. Unless stated otherwise, the weight ratio of a particular amino acid or particular amino acids in a composition or mixture of amino acids is the ratio of the weight of the particular amino acid or amino acids in the composition or mixture compared to the total weight of amino acids present in the composition or mixture. This value is calculated by dividing the weight of the particular amino acid or of the particular amino acids in the composition or mixture by the weight of all amino acids present in the composition or mixture. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 In some aspects, the plasma proline levels can be monitored, and the level of plasma proline can be used as a marker for compliance and therapeutic or appropriate amount of depletion of one or more nonessential amino acids from the diet to achieve the desired effect. In some aspects, plasma proline levels in a subject on the diet disclosed herein are less than the plasma proline levels in the subject before the subject started the diet disclosed herein. In some aspects, the plasma proline levels in the subject are measured before starting on the restricted diet, during the nonessential amino acid restricted diet, and during breaks or add back periods when the subject is not restricting non-essential amino acids to the level during the period when the subject is on the restriction diet disclosed herein. In some aspects, the plasma proline levels in the subject can be measured before administration of the diet disclosed herein. In some aspects, the plasma proline levels in the subject can be repeated. For example, in some aspects, the plasma proline levels in the subject can be measured one or more times after the administration of the diet disclosed herein. In some aspects, the plasma proline levels in the subject can be measured 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks or longer after the administration of the diet disclosed herein. The relative concentration of proline and whether it increases or decreases relative to baseline prior to being on the depleted nonessential amino acid diet is indicative of compliance with the diet. Monitoring proline levels both before and during administration of the nonessential amino acid reduced or depleted diet and during adding back nonessential amino acids or protein may be used to assess compliance and effectiveness in maintaining nonessential amino acids at therapeutic levels. The diets and compositions described herein can be in solid form (e.g., powder or pre- packaged meal) or in a liquid form (e.g., pre-packaged meal). The amount of the various ingredients (e.g., one or more nonessential amino acids) can be expressed in g / 100 g of composition on a dry weight basis when it is in a solid form or as a concentration in g / L of the composition when it refers to a liquid form. In some aspects, any of the diets or nutritional compositions disclosed herein can be administered with a pharmaceutically active agent. In some aspects, the pharmaceutically active agent can be, for example, an anti-NASH / NAFLD agent, an anti-cancer agent, anti- obesity agent, or an anti-diabetic agent, or a cholesterol / lipid lowering agent. The pharmacology active ingredient may be administered at the same time as the nutritional composition diet, or between meals of the diet. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 Nonliming examples of anti-NASH / NAFLD agents include but are not limited to medications that modulate peroxisome proliferator-activator receptors (e.g., pemafibrate, elafibranor), medications targeting farnesoid X receptor axis (obeticholic acid; OCA), inhibitors of de novo lipogenesis (aramchol, ACC inhibitor), and fibroblast growth factor-21 analogues; medications that target oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, for instance, apoptosis signaling kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitors and emricasan (an irreversible caspase inhibitor); medications targeting intestinal microbiomes and metabolic endotoxemia (e.g., IMMe124, TLR4 antagonist, and solithromycin (macrolide antibiotics)); medications targeting hepatic fibrosis; antifibrotic agents (e.g., cysteine–cysteine motif chemokine receptor-2 / 5 antagonist (cenicriviroc; CVC) and galectin 3 antagonist); and elafibranor. Nonlimiting examples of anti-cancer agents include but are not limited to erlotinib (TARCEVA®, Genentech / OSI Pharm.), docetaxel (TAXOTERE®, Sanofi-Aventis), 5-FU (fluorouracil, 5-fluorouracil, CAS No.51-21-8), gemcitabine (GEMZAR®, Lilly), PD- 0325901 (CAS No.391210-10-9, Pfizer), cisplatin (cis-diamine, dichloroplatinum(II), CAS No.15663-27-1), carboplatin (CAS No.41575-94-4), paclitaxel (TAXOL®, Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, N.J.), bevacizumab (AVASTIN®, Genentech), trastuzumab (HERCEPTIN®, Genentech), pertuzumab (OMNITARG®, rhuMab 2C4, Genentech), temozolomide (4-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,4,6,8-pentazabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-2,7,9-triene-9-carbox- amide, CAS No.85622-93-1, TEMODAR®, TEMODAL®, Schering Plough), tamoxifen ((Z)-2-[4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenoxy]-N,N-dimethyl-ethanamine, NOLVADEX®, ISTUBAL®, VALODEX®), doxorubicin (ADRIAMYCIN®), Akti-1 / 2, HPPD, rapamycin, and lapatinib (TYKERB®, Glaxo SmithKline), oxaliplatin (ELOXATIN®, Sanofi), bortezomib (VELCADE®, Millennium Pharm.), sutent (SUNITINIB®, SU11248, Pfizer), letrozole (FEMARA®, Novartis), imatinib mesylate (GLEEVEC®, Novartis), XL-518 (MEK inhibitor, Exelixis, WO 2007 / 044515), ARRY-886 (MEK inhibitor, AZD6244, Array BioPharma, Astra Zeneca), SF-1126 (PI3K inhibitor, Semafore Pharmaceuticals), BEZ-235 (PI3K inhibitor, Novartis), XL-147 (PI3K inhibitor, Exelixis), ABT-869 (multi-targeted inhibitor of VEGF and PDGF family receptor tyrosine kinases, Abbott Laboratories and Genentech), ABT-263 (Bcl-2 / Bcl-xL inhibitor, Abbott Laboratories and Genentech), PTK787 / ZK 222584 (Novartis), fulvestrant (FASLODEX®, AstraZeneca), leucovorin (folinic acid), lonafarnib (SARASAR.TM., SCH 66336, Schering Plough), sorafenib (NEXAVAR®, BAY43-9006, Bayer Labs), gefitinib (IRESSA®, AstraZeneca), irinotecan (CAMPTOSAR®, CPT-11, Pfizer), tipifarnib (ZARNESTRA™., Johnson & Johnson), Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 capecitabine (XELODA®, Roche), ABRAXANE™ (Cremophor-free), albumin-engineered nanoparticle formulations of paclitaxel (American Pharmaceutical Partners, Schaumberg, Ill.), vandetanib (rINN, ZD6474, ZACTIMA®, AstraZeneca), chloranmbucil, AG1478, AG1571 (SU 5271; Sugen), temsirolimus (TORISEL®, Wyeth), pazopanib (GlaxoSmithKline), canfosfamide (TELCYTA®, Telik), thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide (CYTOXAN®, NEOSAR®), alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, triethylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphoramide and trimethylomelamine; acetogenins (especially bullatacin and bullatacinone), a camptothecin (including the synthetic analog topotecan), bryostatin, callystatin, CC-1065 (including its adozelesin, carzelesin and bizelesin synthetic analogs); cryptophycins (particularly cryptophycin 1 and cryptophycin 8), dolastatin, duocarmycin (including the synthetic analogs, KW-2189 and CBI-TMI); eleutherobin, pancratistatin, a sarcodictyin; spongistatin, nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlomaphazine, chlorophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; nitrosoureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, and ranimnustine; antibiotics such as the enediyne antibiotics (e.g., calicheamicin, calicheamicin gamma1I, calicheamicin omegaI1, dynemicin, dynemicin A; bisphosphonates, such as clodronate; an esperamicin; as well as neocarzinostatin chromophore and related chromoprotein enediyne antibiotic chromophores), aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, carabicin, caminomycin, carzinophilin, chromomycinis, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, morpholino-doxorubicin, cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin, 2-pyrrolino-doxorubicin and deoxydoxorubicin), epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin, marcellomycin, mitomycins such as mitomycin C, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin, porfiromycin, puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin; anti-metabolites such as methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); folic acid analogs such as denopterin, methotrexate, pteropterin, trimetrexate; purine analogs such as fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine; pyrimidine analogs such as ancitabine, azacitidine, 6-azauridine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine; androgens such as calusterone, dromostanolone propionate, epitiostanol, mepitiostane, testolactone; anti-adrenals such as aminoglutethimide, mitotane, Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 trilostane; folic acid replenisher such as frolinic acid; aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid; eniluracil; amsacrine; bestrabucil; bisantrene; edatraxate; defofamine; demecolcine; diaziquone; elformithine; elliptinium acetate; an epothilone; etoglucid; gallium nitrate; hydroxyurea; lentinan; lonidainine; maytansinoids such as maytansine and ansamitocins; mitoguazone; mitoxantrone; mopidanmol; nitraerine; pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin; losoxantrone; podophyllinic acid; 2-ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; PSK® polysaccharide complex (JHS Natural Products, Eugene, Oreg.); razoxane; rhizoxin; sizofiran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone; 2,2',2''- trichlorotriethylamine; trichothecenes (especially T-2 toxin, verracurin A, roridin A and anguidine); urethan; vindesine; dacarbazine; mannomustine; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman; gacytosine; arabinoside (“Ara-C”); cyclophosphamide; thiotepa; 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine; methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine; etoposide (VP-16); ifosfamide; mitoxantrone; vincristine; vinorelbine (NAVELBINE®); novantrone; teniposide; edatrexate; daunomycin; aminopterin; ibandronate; CPT-11; topoisomerase inhibitor RFS 2000; difluoromethylornithine (DMFO); retinoids such as retinoic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids and derivatives of any of the above. In some aspects, administration of any of the anti-cancer agents can be accomplished by oral adminisration, parenteral administration, perfusion, direct injection or local application of the area with any of the diets or nutritional compositions described herein. In some aspects, the treatment can be repeated, for example, every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 days, or every 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks or every 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 months depending on the particular treatment. These treatments may be of varying dosages as well. Nonlimiting examples of anti-obesity agent include but are not limited to phentermine, topiramate, phenylpropanolamine, phenmetrazine, diethylpropion, orlistat, sibutramine, cathine, oleoyl-estrone, benfluorex, setmelanotide (Imcivree), exenatide, rimonabant, cetilistat, aclimostat, amlintide, bupropion-naltrexone (Contrave), liragluide (Saxenda), orlistate (Xenical, Alli), phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia), semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic), and perflubron. Nonlimiting examples of anti-diabetic agent include but are not limited to acarbose, miglitol, pramlintide, alogliptan, linagliptan, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, insulin, nateglinide, repaglinide, metformin, canagliflozin, Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, chlorpropamide, glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide, tolazamide, tolbutamide, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone. Nonlimiting examples of cholesterol / lipid lowering agent include but are not limited to atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, ezetimibe, alirocumab, PCSK9 inhibitors (e.g., alirocumab, evolocumab, inclisiran) bempedoic acid, bempedoic acid-ezetimibe, cholestyramine, colesevelam, colestipol, ezetimibe-simvastatin, amlodipine-atorvastatin, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, niacin, lovaza, omacor, and vascepa. Treatment Regimens Disclosed herein are treatment regimens. A treatment regimen as used herein refers to a diet suitable for administration of at least one first phase followed by at least one second phase. In some aspects, a “treatment cycle” refers to the administration of a first phase (or a first diet phase) comprising: administering to a subject a diet comprising: (a) one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and (b) none, one or more nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline, and wherein the diet during the first phase has a reduced amount of at least one or more nonessential amino acids compared to the diet during the second phase of the diet for an established period of time. The second phase of the treatment cycle comprises: administering to a subject a diet comprising: one or more of the nonessential amino acid that is (are) absent or reduced during the first phase in an amount that provides a sufficient amount to reduce, limit or prevent an increase in endogenous synthesis of the depleted one or more nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the diet during the first phase of the treatment regimen has none or a reduced amount of cysteine or cystine. In some aspects, the diet during the first phase of the treatment regimen has none or a reduced amount of serine. In some aspects, the diet during the first phase of the treatment regimen has none or a reduced amount of asparagine. In some aspects, the diet during the first phase of the treatment regimen has none or a reduced amount of glutamine. In some aspects, the diet during the first phase of the treatment regimen has none or a reduced amount of tyrosine. In some aspects, the diet during the first phase of the treatment regimen has none or a reduced amount of glycine. In some aspects, the diet during the first phase of the treatment regimen has none or a reduced amount of any one of cysteine or cystine, serine, asparagine, glutamine, tyrosine or glycine. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 In some aspects, the diet during the second phase of the treatment regimen comprises cysteine or cystine in an increased amount compared to the diet during the first phase of the diet. In some aspects, the diet during the second phase of the treatment regimen comprises serine in an increased amount compared to the diet during the first phase of the diet. In some aspects, the diet during the second phase of the treatment regimen comprises asparagine in an increased amount compared to the diet during the first phase of the diet. In some aspects, the diet during the second phase of the treatment regimen comprises glutamine in an increased amount compared to the diet during the first phase of the diet. In some aspects, the diet during the second phase of the treatment regimen comprises tryosine in an increased amount compared to the diet during the first phase of the diet. In some aspects, the diet during the second phase of the treatment regimen comprises glycine in an increased amount compared to the diet during the first phase of the diet. In some aspects, the diet during the second phase of the treatment regimen comprises cysteine or cystine, serine, asparagine, glutamine, tyrosine or glycine in an increased amount compared to the diet during the first phase of the diet. In some aspects, the amount of nonessential amino acids present during the second phase should be sufficient to provide an overall response across both phases having greater efficacy or duration than a similar diet having only the first phase without the second phase, or add back phase. In another embodiment, similar results are obtained by depleting one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that is efficasious but does not result a loss of effect, possibly as a result of compensatory synthesis of the nonessential amino acids and return to prediet levels of disease or disorder. In some aspects, a treatment regimen can include more than one treatment cycle (e.g., the combination of a first phase and a second phase). In some aspects, a treatment regimen can include at least one treatment cycle. In some aspects, a treatment regimen can include two or more treatment cycles. For example, a treatment regimen can be a three month treatment cycle followed by a one week rest phase which may be an extension of the second phase or which may not restrict dietary nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, a treatment cycle can be a four week first phase followed by a one week second phase. In some aspects, the second phase can be a rest phase. “Rest phase” as used herein refers to a period of time when the treatment cycle or one of the phases (e.g., second phase) of the treatment cycle are not administered. In some aspects, the rest phase can be considered a nonrestricted phase. In some aspects, the rest phase can be a period of time when the diet of the subject is Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 not restricted to reduce or deplete one more nonessential amino acids from the diet. In some aspects, the rest phase can be a period of time when the diet of the subject is mostly not restricted. In some aspects, during the rest phase, the first phase of the treatment regimen is not administered to the subject and the subject may eat a non-restricted diet in respect to nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the rest phase can be a period of time when the diet of the subject is not restricted regarding the amount of nonessential amino acids consumed. In some aspects, the rest phase can be a period of time when the subject consumes a diet unrestricted regarding the content and amount of nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the treatment regimen can be continuous without any rest phases. In some aspects, the treatment regimen consists of a first phase. In some aspects, the first phase of the treatment cycle can be administered and continued wherein a second phase is not followed and the subject is maintained on the restricted diet for sufficient time to achieve the desired results. In some aspects, the first phase and the second phase can be of different and varying durations from one treatment cycle to the next treatment cycle. In some aspects, the first phase can further include intermittent administration of one or more nonessential amino acids that are currently being depleted from the subject’s diet. For example, the subject can consume one or more nonessential amino acids that are restricted in the first phase, for instance, such that the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids that are intermittently consumed remains at a level in which the subject obtains the benefit of the depletion of the one or more nonessential amino acids. The duration of each cycle can be varied based on the empirical response to the diet which may be monitored in one or more ways. Such monitoring may be based on the response of the cancer cells, lipid levels, tumor size, tumor markers, and / or liver enzymes to the diet, monitoring blood or plasma levels of nonessential amino acids, or monitoring proline levels. In some aspects, proline levels can be measured before the start of the diet or treatment regimen and measured at one or more time points thereafter such that the diet or treatment regiman can be adjusted to achieve the desired results. In some aspects, when proline levels are decreased after the start of the diet or treatment regimen compared to the levels of proline at baseline, methionine and / or threonine levels can be increased compared to a corresponding level obtained at baseline. In some aspects, monitoring of proline levels can indicate that the subject is consuming an unrestricted diet, or nonessential amino acids while on the diet or treatment regimen when proline levels increase compared to baseline or a time period when the proline levels decreased compared to baseline. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 A treatment cycle can include a variety of essential and nonessential amino acids as well as different lengths of time for administering the essential and nonessential amino acids during the first and second phases. In some aspects, the diet during the first phase can be free of at least one nonessential amino acid and the diet during the second phase can comprise the nonessential amino acid that is absent during the first phase. In some aspects, the treatment regimens comprise placing the subject on a diet having a first phase and a second phase. In some aspects, the combination of the first and second phase is a treatment cycle. In some aspects, the treatment cycles can be repeated two or more times and can be continued for as long as the subject benefits from the diet and / or treatment regimen. In some aspects, the diet during the first phase comprises: (a) one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and (b) none or one or more nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline. In some aspects, the diet during the first phase can have a reduced amount of at least one or more nonessential amino acids compared to the diet during the second phase of the diet. In some aspects, the treatment regimen comprises at least one treatment cycle. For example, a first phase can be a three month period wherein the diet can be administered one, two, three, or a plurality of times a day, wherein the total food intake is consistent with or meets nonessential amino acid deprivation requirements of the diet. In some aspects, the diet during the first phase can be free of at least one nonessential amino acid. In some aspects, the diet during the second phase can comprise the nonessential amino acid that is absent during the first phase. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet during the first phase can be in the form of free amino acids, one or more peptides, one or more proteins, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the nonessential amino acid present in the first phase can be in the form of one or more peptides, one or more proteins, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet during the first phase can be in the form of one or more unrestricted, but preferably, low protein foods. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet during the second phase can be in the form of free amino acids, one or more peptides, one or more proteins, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the nonessential amino acid present in the Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 second phase can be in the form of one or more peptides, one or more proteins, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the source of nonessential amino acids can be in the form of an animal-based food, synthetic peptide or proteins, a plant-based food, a fungus, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the one or more proteins can be a complete protein. A complete protein is a protein that contains an adequate amount or proportion of all of the essential amino acids. Animal proteins are complete proteins, including but not limited to meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, eggs and dairy. In some aspects, the one or more proteins can be an incomplete protein. In some aspects, the incomplete protein can be from a plant-based food, including but not limited to quinoa, buckwheat, hemp, chia see, spirulina, tempeh, and amaranth. In some aspects, the one or more incomplete or complete proteins can be from whey, soy, casein, oat, egg, blood, pea, barley, a meat, a dairy product, shellfish, or fish. In some aspects, the one or more complete or incomplete proteins can be a natural protein. In some aspects, the one or more proteins can be a natural protein present in a food source. In some aspects, the one or more proteins can be a synthetic protein, including recombinantly expressed proteins. In some aspects, a synthetic protein can be manufactured artificially and mimic structure and function of natural proteins. In some aspects, the term “protein” as used herein is not limited by the size of an amino acid polymer and can encompass dipeptides, oligopeptides, polypeptides, proteins, and the like. Disclosed herein are treatment regimens that can be used to treat a disease. In some aspects, the treatment regimens can be administered to a subject that can be of any known disease, disorder, or condition for which depleting one or more nonessential amino acids results in the attenuation of one or more symptoms of the disease. For some diseases, the diets of the invention may be used to prevent the disease for individuals known to be at risk for developing a particular disease for which reducing one or more nonessential amino acid delays or prevents disease onset. In other embodiments, the diets of the invention retard or prevent progression of a disease sensitive to the amount or concentration of nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the methods and compositions of the invention can be used by subjects without known disease but who may still benefit from the various effects of the diet including reduction of plasma lipids, and glucose levels, for example. In some aspects, the subject on the diet has one or more of cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith. In some aspects, the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH can be obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the disease is cancer. In some aspects, the amount or absence of the one or more nonessential amino acid administered during the first phase of the diet provides for a reduction of the one or more symptoms of the disease compared to the one or more symptoms prior to administration of the treatment regimen. In some aspects, the second phase of the diet provides an amount of the nonessential amino acid to maintain the reduction of the one or more symptoms below the level of symptoms prior to initiation of the treatment regimen with the first phase of the diet. In some aspects, the second phase of the diet provides a further reduction of the one or more symptoms below the level of symptoms prior to initiation of the treatment regimen or maintains the level of symptoms at the level before the second phase, or prevents the increase of the level of symptoms to level before initiation of the first phase of the diet. In some aspects, the second phase of the diet provides further reduction of the one or more symptoms below the level of symptoms achieved in the initial first phase of the treatment cycle or in the first phase of the second treatment cycle. It has surprisingly been observed that prolonged maintenance on a nonessential amino acid depleting diet can result in escape of the beneficial effects of the nonessential depletion, possibly as a result of a compensatory increase in endogenous synthesis. It has also surprisingly been observed that the beneficial effect of depleting nonessential amino acids may be prolonged of have a longer duration if an amount of nonessential amino acids are added back into the diet in an amount that is sufficient to maintain deprivation from disease cells, such as cancer cells, that have a higher need of nonessential amino acids than normal cells. Disclosed herein are diets and treatment regimens sufficient to cause and maintain a reduction in the level of one or more tumor markers, the growth rate of a tumor or the size of a tumor in the subject. In some aspects, the treatment regimen can suppress the growth of a tumor in the subject. In some aspects, the subject has cancer. The cancer may be solid or a blood cancer. In some aspects, for example, the cancer can be liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer. Disclosed herein are diets and treatment regimens sufficient to cause and maintain a reduction in the level of one or more lipids in blood, serum level of a liver enzyme, or blood glucose levels in a subject compared to the level of one or more lipids in blood, serum level Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 of a liver enzyme, or blood glucose levels in the subject before administration of the treatment regimen. In some aspects, the subject can be free of any known disease, disorder, or condition and, in some aspects, the subject is at risk for developing one or more of such diseases or disorders. In some aspects, the methods and compositions of the invention can be used by subjects without known disease but who may still benefit from the various effects of the diet including reduction of plasma lipids, and glucose levels, for example. In some aspects, the subject has one or more of cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith. In some aspects, the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH can be obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the cancer, for example, can be liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer. Cancers may be solid tumors or blood cancers. A feature of the invention is that intermittent reduction of one or more nonessential amino acids leads to reductions or decreases in blood levels of cysteine and / or proline. As such, monitoring the blood levels of cysteine and / or proline during the methods or treatment regimens disclosed herein can be used to adjust the treatment plan for individual subjects to achieve the desired result. The use of any of the diets and treatment regimens disclosed herein can cause a reduction in the concentration or level of blood proline. In some aspects, the treatment regimen can cause or result in a decrease in the concentration or level of blood proline in the subject compared to the concentration or level of blood proline in the subject before administration of the treatment regimen. In some aspects, the concentration or level of blood proline can be reduced by at least 0.05% compared to pretreatment levels. In some aspects, the treatment regimen is capable of reducing, or reduces the concentration of blood proline by at least 0.05%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85% including any amount in between or more, relative to a reference treatment regimen or relative to the concentration or the level of blood proline prior to administering the treatment regimen to the subject In some aspects, the blood proline levels can be determined hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly. In some aspects, the blood proline levels can be compared to blood proline levels prior to administering the treatment regimen to the subject. In some aspects, the blood proline Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 levels following administering the diet or treatment regimen can be reduced or lowered in amounts associated with achieving therapeutic effects. In some aspects, the blood proline levels can be used to make adjustments to the durations of phase 1 and / or phase 2 of the instant treatment cycle, and any subsequent treatment cycle. In some aspects, the diets and treatment regimen can cause a reduction in the concentration or level of plasma cysteine. In some aspects, the diet and treatment regimen can cause or result in a decrease in the level of plasma cysteine in the subject compared to the level of plasma cysteine in the subject before administration of the treatment regimen. In some aspects, the level of plasma cysteine can be reduced by at least 0.01%, 0.05%, 1%, 5% or 10% compared to pretreatment levels. In some aspects, the treatment regimen is capable of reducing, or reduces the level of plasma cysteine by at least 0.01%, 0.05%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45% including any amount in between or more, relative to a reference treatment regimen or relative to the level of plasma cysteine prior to administering the treatment regimen to the subject. In some aspects, the plasma cysteine levels can be determined hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly. In some aspects, the plasma cysteine levels can be compared to plasma cysteine levels prior to administering the treatment regimen to the subject. In some aspects, the plasma cysteine levels following administering the treatment regimen can be reduced or lower. In some aspects, the plasma cysteine levels can be associated with a therapeutic effect. In some aspects, the blood cysteine levels can be used to make adjustments to the durations of phase 1 and / or phase 2 of the instant treatment cycle, and any subsequent treatment cycle. In some aspects, any of the diets disclosed herein and any of the treatment regimens disclosed herein can be designed such that one or more of the nutrients provided to or ingested by the subject are evaluated or determined on an hourly, daily, weekly or monthly basis. In some aspects, the one or more nutrients can be any of the nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the nonessential amino acid can be the amino acid that is reduced or absent in the first phase of the treatment cycle. In some aspects, the diet during the first phase can comprise methionine. In some aspects, the one or more nonessential amino acids that are present in the diet can be present in an amount that provides: (i) a molar ratio of methionine to alanine that is greater than about Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 0.06; (ii) a molar ratio of methionine to asparagine that is greater than about 0.3; (iii) a molar ratio of methionine to aspartate that is greater than about 2; (iv) a molar ratio of methionine to cysteine or cystine that is greater than about 0.5; (v) a molar ratio of methionine to glutamine that is greater than about 0.04; (vi) a molar ratio of methionine to glycine that is greater than about 0.1; (vii) a molar ratio of methionine to serine that is greater than about 0.2; (viii) a molar ratio of methionine to tyrosine that is greater than about 0.3; or (ix) a molar ratio of methionine to proline that is greater than about 0.1. In some aspects, the ratios provided herein may be achieved independent of each other. In some aspects, the treatment regimen can be administered one or more times per day for at least one week. In some aspects, the treatment regimen can be administered one or more times per day for two weeks. In some aspects, the treatment regimen can be administered one or more times per day for at least one month. As disclosed herein, meals are associated with the first and second phases of the treatment regimen, such that meals associated with the treatment regiman can be administered one or more times per day for a period of time to achieve the desired effect. In an embodiment the treatment regimen is administered for at least one week. In some aspects, meals associated with the treatment regiman can be administered one or more times per day for two weeks. In some aspects, meals associated with the treatment regiman can be administered one or more times per day for at least one month. In some aspects, the second phase can be at least one day. In some aspects, the second phase can be one to fourteen days.In some aspects, the second phase may extend until the subject returns to foods with depleted nonessential amino acids. Blood or serum levels of proline and cysteine may be used to monitor the length of the second phase so as to maintain the benefits of the diet. In some aspects, the first phase can be one meal a day, and the second phase can be two meals a day. In some aspects, the first phase can be two meals a day, and the second phase can be one meal a day. In some aspects, the first phase and the second phase can rotate on a meal by meal basis for one or more consecutive days. In some aspects, the first phase can be weekdays, and the second phase can be weekends. A meal can be a full meal, a snack, a food, a supplement or any nutrition-based composition administered to the subject. In some aspects, the treatment regimen can be repeated one or more times so that the subject’s diet includes a plurality of cycles having first and second phases. In some aspects, the second treatment regimen can be administered immediatly after the second phase of the Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 first treatment regimen. In some aspects, the treatment regimen can further comprise two or more of each treatment cycle. In some aspects, the treatment regimen can further comprise repeating treatment cycles at different intervals. In some aspects, the number of treatment cycles can be between 2 and 50. In some aspects, the number treatment cycles can be maintained for as long as it provides benefit to the subject and it may be maintained throughout a subject’s lifetime. In some aspects, the treatment regimen can further include a second treatment cycle either after a rest phase or after the second phase of the first treatment cycle. In some aspects, a third treatment regimen or a second rest phase can occur after the second treatment cycle. In some aspects, a third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth or tenth treatment cycle can be administered wherein each treatment cycle is optionally by a rest phase or continuously followed by a subsequent treatment regimen. In some aspects, the treatment regimen includes a plurality of treatment cycles. In some aspects, the treatment regimen includes a plurality of treatment cycles, optionally followed by a rest phase after one or more treatment cycles. For example, a subject can be prescribed a treatment regimen that involves consecutive treatment cycles for the duration of their life. In some aspects, a subject can be prescribed a treatment regimen that involves consecutive treatment cycles followed optionally by rest phases for the duration of their life. In some aspects, one or more treatment regimens can be administered based on the size of a tumor, levels of one or more tumor markers, one or more symptoms of a disease, blood glucose levels, serum levels of a liver enzyme, or the levels of one or more lipids in the blood. In some aspects, a second treatment regimen can be administered one day or more than 5 days, weeks, months or years after the initial treatment regimen was administered. The second treatment regimen can be the same as the initial treatment regimen or can be different. For example, the initial treatment regimen can be administered one to 4 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years or longer or any amount per day per for any period of time. In some aspects, the treatment cycle can followed by one or more rest phases. In some aspects, the first phase can be followed by a rest phase, and repeated a plurality of times. In some aspects, the rest phase can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 days, 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 years, or any amount of time in between. At any time, during the first phase, second phase, first or any subsequent treatment cycle thereafter or after any rest phase, the subject can be tested or monitored. The testing Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 and / or monitoring can include but is not limited to measuring and / or determining the size of a tumor, levels of one or more tumor markers, one or more symptoms of a disease, blood glucose levels, serum levels of a liver enzyme, the levels of one or more lipids in the blood or any combination thereof. In some aspects, blood proline levels can be monitored. In some aspects, blood cysteine levels can be monitored. In some aspects, the testing or monitoring can include measuring or determining any of the nutrients provided to or ingested by the subject. In some aspects, the nutrients provided to or ingested by the subject can be evaluated or determined on an hourly, daily, weekly or monthly basis. Any of the diets and any of the treatment regimens disclosed herein can vary between the initial treatment regimen and any additionally further administered treatment regimens. In some aspects, the treatment cycle can include the administration of different nutrients in the diet as well as administration at different time points. The diets can be administered for varying amounts of time. In some aspects, the administration can occur for up to one, two, three, four, five, six days, weeks, months, years or longer. For example, the meals of the diets can be administered at least once a day, for a week for 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, or 24 weeks or any amount of time in between. In some aspects, the length of time for each treatment cycle can vary depending on many factors, including but not limited to health of the patient, changes in the size of a tumor, levels of one or more tumor markers, one or more symptoms of a disease, blood glucose levels, serum levels of a liver enzyme, or the levels of one or more lipids in the blood. In some aspects, the length of time for each treatment cycle can depend on the change in the blood concentration of one or more nonessential amino acid present in the diet in either the first phase, the second phase, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the length of time for each treatment cycle can depend on the change or level of proline in the blood in either the first phase, the second phase, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the length of time for each treatment cycle can depend on the change or level of cysteine in the blood in either the first phase, the second phase, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the length of time for each treatment cycle can depend on the change or level of blood concentration of the nonessential amino acid that is absent in the diet in the first phase of the treatment cycle. In some aspects, each treatment cycle can include an established length of time for administration as well as an established schedule during that time frame. In some aspects, the first phase of the treatment regimen can be 1 day to 30 days, 1 day to 45 days, 1 day to 60 days, 1 to 75 days, 1 day to 90 days, 1day to 120 days, 1 day to Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 150 days or any amount of time in between. In some aspects, the second phase of the treatment regimen can start immediately at the end of the first phase, and be 1 day to 7 days, 1 day to 14 days, 1 day 20 days or longer. In some aspects, the first phase of the treatment regimen is repeated after the end of the second phase. During the second phase of the treatment regimen, the subject can continue to obtain the benefits of nonessential amino acid depletion achieved during the first phase. In some aspects, the benefits of nonessential amino acid depletion achieved in a subsequent first phase can be maintained or greater than the initial first phase of the treatment regimen. In some aspects, the benefit of nonessential amino acid being included in the diet, for example either with a meal or supplement, during any of the phases of the treatment regimen should be such to prevent any compensatory amino acid synthesis resulting from prolonged amino acid depletion. In some aspects, the treatment regimen can further comprise administering a pharmaceutically active agent. In some aspects, the pharmaceutically active agent can be an anti-cancer agent, anti-obesity agent, an anti-diabetic agent, an anti-NAFLD agent, anti- NASH agent, or a cholesterol / lipid lowering agent. In some aspects, the pharmaceutically active agent can be administered during the first phase, during the second phase or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the disease can be cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith. In some aspects, the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH can be obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the cancer can be liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer. In some aspects, the subject has type 2 diabetes and / or a relatively high BMI. In some aspects, the subject has a BMI greater than 25. In some aspects, the subject has a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9. In some aspects, the subject has a BMI of 30 or higher. In some aspects, the subject has a BMI that indicates overweight or obesity. In some aspects, the subject is obese. In some aspects, the subject has cancer. In some aspects, the cancer can be a solid tumor or blood cancer, such as for exampe, liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer. In some aspects, the subject has a genetic predisposition for cancer. Thus, in various aspects, the methods or treatment regimens prevent or treat cancer. In a further aspect, the cancer can be liver cancer, breast cancer, lung Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 cancer, leukemia, prostate, or colon cancer. In a still further aspect, the cancer is prostate cancer. In some aspects, the subject has fatty liver disease. In some aspects, the subject has non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, e.g. NAFL or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) or alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD; e.g., alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH)). In some aspects, the subject has non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). In some aspects, the subject has pediatric NAFLD. In some aspects, the patient has steatosis. In some aspects, the subject has non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In some aspects, the subject has cirrhosis. In some aspects, the subject has AFLD. In some aspects, the subject has ASH. In some aspects, the subject has hepatocarcinoma, an increased risk of liver failure, or an increased risk of death. In various aspects, the methods or treatment regimens prevent or treat NAFLD or NASH. In a further aspect, the methods or treatment regimens prevent or treat a disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH. Examples of diseases or conditions associated with NAFLD or NASH include, but are not limited to, obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof. Thus, in various aspects, the methods or treatment regimens prevent or treat obesity, diabetes, prediabetes, hypercholesterolemia, or hyperlipidemia. Methods Disclosed herein are methods of treating a disease in a subject in need thereof. In some aspects, the methods can comprise administering a diet to the subject. In some aspects, the diet can comprise one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that reduces one or more symptoms of said disease. As used herein, “diet” is meant to refer to the diet administered to a subject over a period of time that may include one or more phases. In a diet where one or more nonessential amino acids are depleted to be free, or substantially free of the one or more nonessential amino acids, during one phase, the depleted nonessential amino acid is added back into the diet during a second phase in an amount that maintains the benefit of the depletion. In another aspect of the invention, the diet may be a single phase with one or more nonessential amino acids partially depleted from the diet in an amount to achieve a greater duration of effect than had the nonessential amino acid been depleted from the diet so as to be free of or substantially free of the nonessential amino acid. In some aspects, the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet present achieves a greater reduction or a longer period of reduction of said one or Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 more symptoms of said disease compared to the reduction of said one or more symptoms achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids. Administering said diet to the subject reduces the one or more symptoms of said disease compared to the one or more symptoms prior to administering the diet to the subject. In some aspects, the disease can be a cancer, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith. In some aspects, the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH can be obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the one or more symptoms of a disease can include but is not limited to decrease fat metabolism, hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatocyte ballooning, inflammation of adipose tissue, inflammation of hepatic tissue, fibrosis, and oxidative stress, decrease tumor size, decrease the level of one or more tumor markers, decrease the blood level of one or more lipids, decrease body weight, decrease serum levels of one or more liver enzymes, decrease blood glucose levels, and decrease serum levels of uric acid. Disclosed herein are methods of reducing or inhibiting growth of a tumor in a subject in need thereof. In some aspects, the methods comprises administering a diet of the invention disclosed herein to the subject. In some aspects, the diet can comprise one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that reduces or inhibits the growth of the tumor. In some aspects, the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet achieves a greater reduction or inhibition or a longer period of reduction or inhibition of the growth of the tumor compared to the reduction or inhibition of the growth of the tumor achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, said diet can reduce or inhibit the growth of the tumor in a subject compared to the growth of the tumor prior to administering the diet to the subject. In some aspects, the size of the tumor or the level of one or more tumor markers can be reduced by at least 10%. In some aspects, the growth of the tumor can be reduced by 10% after the administration of the diet compared to the growth of the tumor before administration of the diet. In some aspects, the level of one or more tumor markers can be redcued by 10% after the administration of the diet compared to the growth of the tumor before administration of the diet. In some aspects, the method can reduce the growth rate of the level of one or more tumor markers by at least 10% after the administration of the diet compared to the growth rate of the one or more tumor markers before administration of the diet. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 In some aspects, the methods of the invention that comprise administering the disclosed diet to a subject in need thereof, reduces the size of the tumor or the level of one or more tumor markers by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, or more relative to a reference diet or composition (e.g., a vehicle control) or relative to the size of the tumor or the level of one or more tumor markers prior to administering the diet to the subject. In some aspects, any of one of the tumor markers described herein can be detected using an antibody-based detection assay (e.g., ELISA), molecular amplification assay (e.g., PCR) or a suitable blood-based assay. In some aspects, the tumor marker can be anything present in or produced by cancer cells or other cells of the body in response to cancer or certain benign (noncancerous) conditions that provides information about a cancer, including but not limited to how aggressive it is, what kind of treatment it may respond to, or whether it is responding to treatment. Examples of tumor markers include but are not limited to CA19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA),. Disclosed herein are methods of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof. In some aspects, the methods can comprise administering a diet of the invention disclosed here to the subject in need thereof. In some aspects, the diet can comprise one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that treats the cancer. In some aspects, the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet can achieve a greater therapeutic effect compared to the cancer achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, said diet can reduce or inhibit the growth of the tumor in a subject compared to the growth of the tumor prior to administering the diet to the subject. In some apsects, treating includes reducing tumor size, reducing progression of a tumor, and stabilizing the tumor. For example, treating using any of the methods and diets disclosed herein can yield a complete response (CR), a partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) state. CR refers to disappearance of all known disease (e.g., tumor, tumor markers). PR refers to at least a ≥30% decrease in the outcome measure (e.g., tumor size) from baseline. Reduction of tumor markers, as well as tumor size, as described herein may also be used to assess the state of the cancer treatement using the methods and diets according to the invention described herein. In some aspects, the cancer can be any cancer. In some aspects, the cancer can be liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer. In some aspects, the cancer can be a solid tumor or a non-solid blood Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 derived tumors. In some aspects, the tumor can be associated with any cancer type. Examples of cancers include, but are not limited to, adrenocortical carcinoma, AIDS-related cancers, AIDS-related lymphoma, anal cancer, anorectal cancer, cancer of the anal canal, appendix cancer, childhood cerebellar astrocytoma, childhood cerebral astrocytoma, basal cell carcinoma, skin cancer (non-melanoma), biliary cancer, extrahepatic bile duct cancer, intrahepatic bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, urinary bladder cancer, bone and joint cancer, osteosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, brain cancer, brain tumor, brain stem glioma, glioblastoma, cerebellar astrocytoma, cerebral astrocytoma / malignant glioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodeimal tumors, visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma, breast cancer, bronchial adenomas / carcinoids, carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal, nervous system cancer, nervous system lymphoma, central nervous system cancer, central nervous system lymphoma, cervical cancer, childhood cancers, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myeloproliferative disorders, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, lymphoid neoplasm, mycosis fungoides, Seziary Syndrome, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, extracranial germ cell tumor, extragonadal germ cell tumor, extrahepatic bile duct cancer, eye cancer, intraocular melanoma, retinoblastoma, gallbladder cancer, gastric (stomach) cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), germ cell tumor, ovarian germ cell tumor, gestational trophoblastic tumor glioma, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular (liver) cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, hypopharyngeal cancer, intraocular melanoma, ocular cancer, islet cell tumors (endocrine pancreas), Kaposi Sarcoma, kidney cancer, renal cancer, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, lip and oral cavity cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, AIDS-related lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, Waldenstram macroglobulinemia, medulloblastoma, melanoma, intraocular (eye) melanoma, merkel cell carcinoma, mesothelioma malignant, mesothelioma, metastatic squamous neck cancer, mouth cancer, cancer of the tongue, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, mycosis fungoides, myelodysplastic syndromes, myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative diseases, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, chronic myeloproliferative disorders, nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma, oral cancer, oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, ovarian cancer, ovarian epithelial cancer, ovarian low malignant potential tumor, pancreatic cancer, islet cell Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 pancreatic cancer, paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer, parathyroid cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pheochromocytoma, pineoblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, pituitary tumor, plasma cell neoplasm / multiple myeloma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, renal pelvis and ureter, transitional cell cancer, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland cancer, ewing family of sarcoma tumors, Kaposi Sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, uterine cancer, uterine sarcoma, skin cancer (non-melanoma), skin cancer (melanoma), merkel cell skin carcinoma, small intestine cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, stomach (gastric) cancer, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, testicular cancer, throat cancer, thymoma, thymoma and thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter and other urinary organs, gestational trophoblastic tumor, urethral cancer, endometrial uterine cancer, uterine sarcoma, uterine corpus cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, and Wilm's Tumor. In some aspects, the tumor can be associated with a cancer selected from the group consisting of breast cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, non small-cell lung carcinoma, renal cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, sarcoma, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer and gastric cancer. In some aspects, the cancer can be pancreatic cancer. Disclosed herein are methods of reducing blood glucose levels in a subject. In some aspects, the method can comprise: administering a diet to the subject in need thereof wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that reduces the blood glucose levels and wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet achieves a greater reduction or a longer period of reduction of the blood glucose levels compared to the reduction of the blood glucose levels achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, said diet reduces the blood glucose levels in a subject compared to the blood glucose levels prior to administering the diet to the subject. In some aspects, the blood glucose levels can be reduced by at least 10% in the subject after the administration of the diet compared to the subject’s initial blood glucose level before administration of the diet. In some aspects, the subject can be free of any known disease, disorder, or condition. In some aspects, the subject can be healthy. In some aspects, the subjects does not have cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith. In some aspects, the subject has cancer, obesity, diabetes, Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non- alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith. In some aspects, the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH can be obesity, pre- diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the method of reducing blood glucose by administering the diet according to the invention to a subject in need thereoffurther comprises a protein source or a source of nonessential amino acids in an amount that extends the reduction of blood glucose for a period beyond a period of blood glucose reduction achieved without the protein source or the source of nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the blood glucose levels can be reduced by at least 10% in the subject compared to the subject’s initial blood glucose level prior to the administering of the diet. In some aspects, the method of reducing blood glucose in a subject in need thereof by administering the disclosed diet according to the invention is capable of reducing, or reduces the blood glucose level by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, or more relative to a reference diet or composition (e.g., a vehicle control) or relative to blood glucose level prior to administering the diet to the subject. In some aspects, blood glucose levels can be measured using a finger-prick test, an electronic blood sugar monitor, or a standard blood glucose test (e.g., capillary blood glucose test, venous (plasma) blood glucose test) via a blood draw from the subject’s vein. Disclosed herein are methods of decreasing serum level of a liver enzyme in a subject. In some aspects, the method comprises: administering a diet to the subject in need thereof wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that decreases the serum level of the liver enzyme to provide a greater decrease or a longer period of decrease of the serum level of the liver enzyme compared to the decrease of the serum level of the liver enzyme achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, said diet can decrease the serum level of the liver enzyme in a subject compared to the serum level of the liver enzyme prior to administering the diet to the subject. In some aspects, the serum level of the liver enzyme can be decreased by at least 10% in the subject after the administration of the diet compared to the subject’s initial serum level of the liver enzyme before administration of the diet. In some aspects, the liver enzyme can be one or more of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma- glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the subject can be free of any known disease, disorder, or condition. In some aspects, Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 the subject can be healthy. In some aspects, the subject has cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non- alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith. In some aspects, the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH can be obesity, pre- diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the diet further comprises a protein source or a source of nonessential amino acids in an amount that extends the decrease of a liver enzyme level for a period beyond a period of decreased liver enzyme level achieved without the protein source or the source of nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the disclosed diet is capable of reducing, or reduces the serum level of the liver enzyme by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, or more relative to a reference diet or composition (e.g., a vehicle control) or relative to serum level of the liver enzyme prior to administering the diet to the subject. In some aspects, serum level of the liver enzyme (e.g., ALT, AST, GGT, or ALP as detected using an assay of ALT, AST, GGT, or ALP), e.g., an antibody-based detection assay, e.g., an ELISA, relative to a reference composition (e.g., a vehicle control) or the subject’s initial serum level of the liver enzyme prior to administering the diet. Disclosed herein are methods of decreasing the level of one or more lipids in the blood of a subject. In some aspects, the method comprises: administering a diet to the subject in need thereof wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that decreases the level of one or more lipids in the blood to achieve a greater decrease or a longer period of decrease of the level of one or more lipids in the blood compared to the decrease of the level of one or more lipids in the blood achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the one or more lipid can be one or more of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, said diet can decrease the level of the one or more lipids in the blood in a subject compared to the level of the one or more lipids in the blood prior to administering the diet to the subject. In some aspects, the level of the one or more lipids in the blood can be decreased by at least 10% in the subject after the administration of the diet compared to the subject’s initial blood level of the one or more lipids before administration of the diet. In some aspects, the level of one or more lipids in blood can be decreased by at least 10%. In some aspects, the level of one or more lipids in blood can be decreased by at least Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 10% in the subject after the administration of the diet compared to the subject’s initial blood level of the one or more lipids before the administration of the diet. In some aspects, the one or more lipid can be one or more of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the subject can be healthy. In some aspects, the subjects does not have cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non- alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith. In some aspects, the subject has cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith. In some aspects, the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH can be obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the diet of the invention further comprise a protein source or a source of nonessential amino acids in an amount that extends the decrease of the level of one or more lipids in the blood for a period beyond a period of decreased level of one or more lipids in the blood achieved without the protein source or the source of nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the disclosed diet is capable of reducing, or reduces the level of one or more lipids in the blood by at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, or more relative to a reference diet or composition (e.g., a vehicle control) or relative to level of one or more lipids in the blood prior to administering the diet to the subject. In some aspects, level of one or more lipids in the blood (e.g., total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, or a combination thereof) as detected using an assay of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, or a combination thereof, e.g., a lipid panel, relative to a reference composition (e.g., a vehicle control) or the subject’s initial lipid blood level prior to administering the diet. In any of the methods disclosed herein, the subject can receive a first treatment regimen and subsequently or intermittently the subject can receive a second treatment regimen or a plurality of treatment regimens to continue providing a benefit to the subject. In some aspects, the first treatment regimen comprises administering to a subject in need thereof, a diet according to the invention comprising one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount as described herein for achieving a benefit of longer duration compared to a diet that is free of, or substantially free of one or more nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 the second treatment regimen can comprise a protein source or a source of nonessential amino acids. In some aspects, the methods can further comprise administering a pharmaceutically active agent. In some aspects, the pharmaceutically active agent can be an anti-cancer agent, anti-obesity agent, or an anti-diabetic agent, or a cholesterol / lipid lowering agent. In some aspects, the subject has type 2 diabetes and / or a relatively high BMI. In some aspects, the subject has a BMI greater than 25. In some aspects, the subject has a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9. In some aspects, the subject has a BMI of 30 or higher. In some aspects, the subject has a BMI that indicates overweight or obesity. In some aspects, the subject is obese. In some aspects, the subject has cancer. In some aspects, the cancer is liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer. In some aspects, the subject has a genetic predisposition for cancer. In some aspects, the subject has fatty liver disease. In some aspects, the subject has non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, e.g. NAFL or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) or alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD; e.g., alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH)). In some aspects, the subject has non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). In some aspects, the subject has pediatric NAFLD. In some aspects, the patient has steatosis. In some aspects, the subject has non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In some aspects, the subject has cirrhosis. In some aspects, the subject has AFLD. In some aspects, the subject has ASH. In some aspects, the subject has hepatocarcinoma, an increased risk of liver failure, or an increased risk of death. Any of the pharmaceutically active agents disclosed herien can be administered in effective amounts. An “effective amount” is that amount that produces the desired response, e.g., treats a disease, decreases the proliferation of cancer cells, inhibits tumor growth, reduces or inhibits growth of a tumor, reduces blood glucose levels, decreases serum levels of a liver enzyme, decreases one or more lipids in the blood, treats hypercholesterolemia, treats hyperlipidemia, treats NAFLD, or treats NASH. In the case of treating a cancer or treating hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, NAFLD, or NASH, a desired response can be inhibition of progression of the disease or lowering the risk of a disease associated with hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, NAFLD, or NASH. This may involve slowing the progression of the disease temporarily, although more preferably, it involves halting the progression of the disease permanently. In some aspects, disease progression and / or cancer cell death can be monitored by routine methods. For example, radiography can be used to Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 evaluate the size and / or change in the growth of a tumor. In some aspects, radiography can be used to determine a change in the number of tumors before and after a treatment. In some aspects, administration of the diets or treatment regimens disclosed herein delays onset or prevents the onset of, for example, cancer. In some aspects, administration of the diets or treatment regimens can mediate a reduction in tumor size, such as a reduction in primary tumor volume, or halts or slows growth of a tumor. Optionally, the method described herein can reduce tumor size by at least 1%, 3%, 5%, 10% or more. Alternatively or in addition, the method described herein reduces tumor burden (by, for example, 1%, 3%, 5%, 10% or more); slows, delays, or prevents metastasis; results in a reduction in cancer specific antigen levels (e.g., prostate specific antigen levels) in the blood (by, for example, 10% or more); or improves cancer grading used by clinicians (e.g., Gleason score for prostate cancer). In some aspects, the method described herein decreases cancer cell proliferation by at least 1%, 3%, 5%, 10% or more. In some aspects, the method described herein reduces levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) (by, for example, 10%, 15%, 20% or more) in the blood of the subject receiving treatment. In some aspects, the method described herein reduces level of PSA by 2- fold, (5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, 30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 60-fold, 70-fold, 80-fold or more) in the blood of the subject receiving treatment. It will be appreciated that “treating cancer” does not require a complete elimination of the disease; any improvement in the disease state is beneficial to the patient and contemplated herein. Additionally, it will be appreciated that “inhibiting tumor growth” does not require complete arrest of tumor growth; slowing of tumor growth or progression is contemplated. Amounts of the pharmaceutically active agents that may be use with the diets and methods of the invention disclosed herein will depend on the severity of the condition, the individual patient parameters including age, physical condition, size and weight, the duration of the treatment, the nature of concurrent therapy (if any), the specific route of administration and like factors within the knowledge and expertise of the health practitioner. It is generally preferred that a maximum dose of the individual components or combinations thereof be used, that is, the highest safe dose according to sound medical judgment. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, however, that a patient may insist upon a lower dose or tolerable dose for medical reasons, psychological reasons or for virtually any other reasons. The doses of any of the pharmaceutically active agents disclosed herein administered to a subject can be chosen in accordance with different parameters, such as the mode of Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 administration used. In the event that a response in a subject is insufficient at the initial doses applied, higher doses (or effectively higher doses by a different, more localized delivery route) may be employed to the extent that patient tolerance permits. Kits Disclosed herein are kits for providing the diets or nutritional compositions and treatment regimens of the invention to a subject. In some aspects, the kits comprise a first phase diet and a second phase diet. In some aspects, the first phase diet comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and one or more nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline, and wherein the first phase diet has a reduced amount of at least one or more nonessential amino acids compared to the second phase diet. Disclosed herein are meal kits for preparing at least one pre-packaged meal. In some aspects, the meal kit comprises any of the diets or nutritional compositions disclosed herein. In some aspects, the meal kits can comprise one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and one or more nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline, wherein in at least one nonessential amino acid is not present in the meal kit. In some aspects, the meal kits can comprise two or more distinct meals. In some aspects, the meals can be a hot meal. In some aspects, the meal can be a liquid. In some aspects, the meal kits can comprise instructions for preparing one or more of the meals present in the meal kit. In some aspects, the meal kits further comprise the treatment regimen that can be used to organize and prepare one or more of the meals as part of the treatment regimen. The meal kits disclosed herein provide the subject with convenience and flexibility for carrying out any of the methods, diets, and treatment regimens disclosed herein. The meal kits can provide the ingredients needed for carrying out any of the methods, diets, and treatment regimens disclosed herein. In some aspects, the treatment regimen can be a user- specific meal plan that includes the meal kit disclosed herein. In some aspects, the meal kit can be individualized (e.g., a subject-specific treatment regimen) such that the individualized meal kit can be generated on various types of data. In aspects, the individualized meal kits can be generated daily, weekly, monthly or per meal. The meal kits may therefore comprise one or more meals of each type of meal to be Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 consumed during each phase of the diet cycles of the treatment regimen. The individualized meal kits can be modified such that data received can affect the contents of the individualized meal kit or the method of using the individualized meal kits. In some cases, the individualized meal kit can provide intraday customizations. For example, the content of an individualized meal kit generated for a lunch meal can be influenced by the content of the breakfast that the individual had that day. In some aspects, the meal kits can provide personalized indicia. As used herein, the term “meal kit” refers to a collection of one or more items and ingredients. In some aspects, the one or more item can be useful in consuming or eating the meal. The items of the meal kit that are useful for consuming the mealmay include, but are not limited to, eating utensils, a straw, a mat for placing food, a napkin, or a cleansing wipe. In some aspects, the meal kit items can comprise books, papers, or printed matter containing personalized information, such as a name or personalized message, or treatment regimen. The meal kits can be sold individually, or in bulk and used, for example and without limitation, in hospitals or other treatment centers. The kit may also include instructions for consuming the meals. Said instructions may include information for storing, preparing and consuming the meals, including the amount to be consumed at each meal. It is understood that the disclosed kits can be prepared from the disclosed nutrients, products, and pharmaceutical compositions described herein. It is also understood that the disclosed kits can be employed in connection with the disclosed methods of using the diets described herein. The foregoing description illustrates and describes the invention disclosed herein. Additionally, the disclosure shows and describes only the preferred embodiments but, as mentioned above, it is to be understood that it is capable to use the diets of the invention in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the invention concepts as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings and / or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. The embodiments described herein above are further intended to explain best modes known by applicant and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the disclosure in such, or other, embodiments and with the various modifications required by the particular applications or uses thereof. Accordingly, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the form disclosed herein. Also, it is intended to the appended claims be construed to include alternative embodiments. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 All publications and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference, and for any and all purposes, as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. In the event of an inconsistency between the present disclosure and any publications or patent application incorporated herein by reference, the present disclosure controls. EXAMPLES Example 1: Preparation of FTN203 and Modified FTN203 Amino Acid Blends The mouse diets used herein are Complete Control (CC) and FTN203, and are iso- caloric and provide quantitatively equal amounts of carbohydrates, lipids and micronutrients. These two diets provide the same amount of nitrogen, although nitrogen content was provided by different formulations of amino acids with ratio-matched profiles, according to these presented in Table 1. While FTN203-P1, FTN203-P5, FTN203-P10, and FTN203-P25 were formulated with an extra 1.4 g, 7.0 g, 14 g, and 35 g of Casein protein per 1 Kg FTN203diet, respectively. The diets were prepared at Research Diets, Inc. (New Brunswick, NJ.).Table 1 shows a summary of the exemplary amino acid blends utilized in each diet (in g / kg). NEAAs Diet Name Complete FTN203- FTN203- FTN203- FTN203- Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 Table 2 shows a summary of the exemplary amino acid blends utilized in each diet (in mg / mouse / day). NEAAs Diet Name (mg / mouse / Complete FTN203 FTN203- FTN203- FTN203- FTN203- t l P1 P P1 P2 y p y g g body weight / day). NEAAs (g / kg Diet Name body Complete FTN203 FTN203- FTN203- FTN203- FTN203- Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 Table 4 shows a summary of the exemplary amino acid blends utilized in each diet (% of CC). NEAAs (% of Diet Name CC) CompleteFFTN203- FTN203- FTN203- FTN203- tlTN203P1 P P1 P2 . , . . Example 2: Preparation of TND Food The TND food provided meaningful amount of carbohydrate, protein, lipids, and micronutrients including vitamins and minerals based on FDA recommended daily values. Table 5 shows a listing of the components in each of the exemplary compositions. Component Nutrient Type Mlt ti h t t h Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 Table 6 shows a listing of the components in each of the exemplary compositions. Component (%) Amount Maltodextrin23.915 g / 100 gggggggggggggggg e amno ac en s are e a e n a es - . Example 3: The Therapeutic Effects of Modified FTN203 Amino Acid Blend in a PC3 Cancer Model PC3 cells were injected subcutaneously into the flank of female athymic nude mice at age 5-6 weeks. Mice were randomized in each group (10 mice per group) based upon tumor volume and assigned to either Complete Control (CC), FTN203, or modified FTN203 (FTN203-P1, -P5, -P10, -P25) diets. The diets were prepared at Research Diets, Inc. (New Brunswick, NJ). The tumors were measured (n=10; Mean + / - SEM) three times per week with a digital caliper once palpable. Palpation began on day 1 after cell inoculation. The mice were euthanized earlier if the tumors exceeded 2000 mm3or body weight loss ≥ 20%. Tumor volumes were calculated using formula in excel: Tumor Volume = length x width x width x ½. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Each tested group was compared to Complete Control or FTN203 by One-way ANOVA, P values < .05 were considered to be significant. See FIGs.3 and 4. Table 6 and Table 7 show summaries of the treatment groups. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 Table 6. Group Mice TreatmentCasein protein(g / kg)) ) ) ) Tab Group CystineGlycine Alanine Aspartate Proline Serine (% of CC)(% of CC) (% of CC) (% of CC) (% of CC) (% of CC) e e apeu c e ec o o e e s p os a e ca ce s s o in FIGS.4A-B and FIGS.5A-B. In comparison with Complete Control (CC) diet, FTN203 and modified FTN203 diets had a significant effect on PC3 prostate tumor growth (FIG.4B and FIG.5B) and showed a modest body weight loss (FIG.4A and FIG.5A). In addition, modified FTN203 diets including FTN203-P5, FTN203-P10, and FTN203-P25 produced significant more tumor growth inhibition than FTN203 diet (FIG.4B and FIG.5B) and slightly less body weight loss (FIG.4A and FIG.5A). For example, the FTN203-P5, FTN203-P10, and FTN203-P25 diets reduced tumor volume to about 100-200 mm3compared to 1200 mm3for the CC diet and 700 mm3for the FTN203 diet. Example 4: The Therapeutic Effects of Diet Treatment Regimens Comprising Administering Targeted Nutrients Deprivation Food to Cancer Patients Six cancer patients were administered Targeted Nutrients Deprivation (TND) Food for a period of time. Plasma lipid profiles for each patient were also measured at various time points during the treatment. Each TND food module is 4 weeks, and served as the patient’s major source of nutrition, representing between 90% and 100% of their calorie consumption. TND food comprises the deletion of one or more nonessential amino acids. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 FIG.6A shows that total cholesterol levels decreased in patient VSP006 by over 47 percent. For example, the total cholesterol level obtained before the first TND food module was 336 mg / dL, and was reduced to 183 mg / dL at week 15. VSP006 has prostate cancer, and received 3 modules of TND food with two weeks between the first and second TND food module, and one week between the second and third TND food module. Total cholesterol levels were measured at the same day before the start of the first TND food module as pretreatment baseline level and then at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks, 13 weeks, and 15 weeks post-initial administration of the first TND food module. FIG.6B shows that total cholesterol levels decreased in patient VSP002 by 32 percent. For example, the total cholesterol level obtained before the first TND food module was 222 mg / dL, and was reduced to 154 mg / dL at week 16. VSP002 has rectal cancer, and received 4 continuous modules of TND food (16 weeks). Total cholesterol levels were measured at the same day before the start of the first TND food module as pretreatment baseline level and then at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks post-initial administration of the first TND food module. FIG.6C shows that total cholesterol levels decreased in patient VSP008 by 22 percent. For example, the total cholesterol level obtained before the first TND food module was 234 mg / dL, and was reduced to 163 mg / dL at week 4. VSP008 has prostate cancer, and received one module of TND food (4 weeks). Total cholesterol levels were measured at the same day before the start of the first TND food module as pretreatment baseline level and then at 2 weeks and 4 weeks post-initial administration of the first TND food module. FIG.6D shows that total cholesterol levels decreased in patient VSP005 by 12 percent. For example, the total cholesterol level obtained 8 weeks after the first TND food module was 246 mg / dL, and was reduced to 223 mg / dL at week 14. VSP005 has prostate cancer, and received 5 continuous modules of TND food (20 weeks). Total cholesterol levels were measured at 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 13 weeks post-initial administration of the first TND food module. FIG.6E shows that total cholesterol levels decreased in patient VSP007 by 14 percent. For example, the total cholesterol level obtained 4 weeks after the first TND food module was 246 mg / dL, and was reduced to 223 mg / dL at week 9. VSP007 has prostate cancer, and received 2.35 continuous modules of TND food (9.4 weeks). Total cholesterol levels were measured at 4 weeks and 9 weeks post-initial administration of the first TND food module. Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 FIG.6F shows that total cholesterol levels decreased in patient VSP001 by 20 percent. For example, the total cholesterol level obtained before the first TND food module was 154 mg / dL, and was reduced to 132 mg / dL at week 6. VSP001 has prostate cancer, and received 1.5 continuous modules of TND food (6 weeks). Total cholesterol levels were measured at the same before the start of the first TND food module as pretreatment baseline level and then at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 11 weeks, and 17 weeks post-initial administration of the first TND food module. The results show that administration of TND food improved total cholesterol levels in the prostate cancer and rectal cancer patients tested. The results also show that the initial reduction in cholesterol levels in patent VSP006 was maintained and continued to decrease from 340 mg / dL measured at baseline (before the administration of TND food) to about 270 mg / dL at weeks 2 and 4 when the TND food module was administered during the first module followed by an increase of about 300 mg / dL that was below the baseline level during the first time period wherein the TND food module was not administered. Example 5: Blood Proline Levels in Cancer Patients Administered Targeted Nutrients Deprivation Food Six cancer patients were administered Targeted Nutrients Deprivation (TND) Food for a period of time. Each TND food module is 4 weeks, and served as the patient’s major source of nutrition, representing between 90% and 100% of their calorie consumption. TND food comprises the deletion of one or more nonessential amino acids. Proline levels were also measured at various time points during the treatment (see Example 4) to determine TND food module administration compliance. FIG.7 shows the plasma proline levels as Log2 Ratio of the pretreatment data (Day 0 as 0). Plasma proline levels were measured before the start of TND food module administration and as follows for each patient: VSP001, at week 3, week 6, week 11, and week 17; VSP002, at week 2, week 4, week 6, week 8, week 12, and week 16; VSP003, at week 2, week 4, week 7, week 18, week 32, week 58, and week 76; VSP005, at week 2, week 4, week 8, week 11, and week 13; VSP006, at week 2, week 4, week 6, week 8, week 10, week 11, week 13, and week 15; and VSP008, at week 2, and week 4. The results show the plasma proline levels of prostate and rectal cancer patients decreased from pretreatment baseline levels after 2 weeks of administration of TND food and were maintained at lower than baseline level when the patients were administered TND food as their major source of nutrition, representing between 90% and 100% of their protein Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 consumption. The results also show that the initial reduction in plasma proline levels in patient VSP006 was maintained and continued to decrease when the TND food module was administered followed by a time period wherein the TND food module was not administered. The reduction in plasma proline levels correlated with the compliance of the patients to consume the TND food as their primary source of nutrition for about 80-100% of their calories indicating that plasma proline levels can be used as a biomarker for monitoring the compliance of TND food consumption in patients. Example 6: Effects of Diet Treatment Regimens Comprising Administering Targeted Nutrients Deprivation Food on HDL, LDL and Triglyceride Levels in Cancer Patients Six cancer patients were administered Targeted Nutrients Deprivation (TND) Food for a period of time. Total cholesterol levels were also measured at various time points during the treatment. Each TND food module is 4 weeks, and served as the patient’s major source of nutrition, representing between 90% and 100% of their calorie consumption. TND food comprises the deletion of one or more nonessential amino acids. FIG.8A shows the plasma levels of HDL, LDL and triglycerides in patient VSP006. VSP006 has prostate cancer, and received 3 modules of TND food with two weeks between the first and second TND food module, and one week between the second and third TND food module. Plasma HDL, LDL and triglyceride levels were measured at the same day before the start of the first TND food module as pretreatment baseline level and then at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks, 13 weeks, and 15 weeks post-initial administration of the first TND food module. The results show that administration of TND food improved plasma LDL and triglycerides levels in the prostate cancer patient VSP006. The results also show that the initial reduction in plasma LDL and triglycerides levels in patent VSP006 was maintained and continued to decrease when the TND food module was administered followed by a time period wherein the TND food module was not administered (e.g., two weeks and then one week in between TND food module administration). The plasma HDL level was in the healthy range and it was initially reduced but returned to baseline level after a time period (e.g., two weeks and then one week in between TND food module administration) wherein the TND food module was not administered. FIG.8B shows plasma levels of HDL, LDL and triglycerides in patient VSP002. VSP002 has rectal cancer, and received 4 continuous modules of TND food (16 weeks). Plasma HDL, LDL and triglycerides levels were measured at the same day before the start of Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 the first TND food module as pretreatment baseline level and then at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks post-initial administration of the first TND food module. The results show that administration of TND food improved plasma LDL by about 65 mg / dL compared to baseline (about 145 mg / dL) and triglycerides levels by about 20 mg / dL compared to baseline (150 mg / dL) to about 130 mg / dL in the prostate cancer patient VSP002. The results also show that the initial reduction in plasma LDL levels in patent VSP002 was maintained when the four continuous TND food modules were administered. The plasma triglycerides level was initially increased during the first TND food module that was administered and started to decrease after the second TND food module was administered, and was maintained at a healthy level when two continuous TND food modules were administered. The plasma HDL level was in the healthy range and it was initially reduced and returned to the baseline level during the administration of four continuous TND food modules. FIG.8C shows plasma levels of HDL, LDL and triglycerides in patient VSP008. VSP008 has prostate cancer, and received one module of TND food (4 weeks). Plasma of HDL, LDL and triglycerides were measured at the same day before the start of the first TND food module as pretreatment baseline level and then at 2 weeks and 4 weeks post-initial administration of the first TND food module. The results show that administration of TND food improved plasma LDL level in the prostate cancer patient VSP008. The results also show that the plasma HDL and triglycerides levels in patent VSP008 were in the healthy range and were maintained at a similar level when the TND food modules were administered. FIG.8D shows plasma levels of HDL, LDL and triglycerides in patient VSP005. VSP005 has prostate cancer, and received five continuous modules of TND food (20 weeks). Plasma levels of HDL, LDL and triglycerides were measured at 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 13 weeks post-initial administration of the first TND food module. The results show that administration of TND food improved plasma LDL level in the prostate cancer patient VSP005. The plasma LDL level in patient VSP005 was reduced to healthy levels after three continuous modules of TND food (12 weeks) and continued to be reduced for another week. The plasma HDL level in patent VSP005 was in the healthy range and was maintained at a similar level when the TND food modules was administered. The results also show that the plasma triglycerides level in patent VSP005 did not improve. FIG.8E shows plasma levels of HDL, LDL and triglycerides in patient VSP007. VSP007 has prostate cancer, and received 2.35 continuous modules of TND food (9.4 Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 weeks). Plasma levels of HDL, LDL and triglycerides levels were measured at 4 weeks and 9 weeks post-initial administration of the first TND food module. The results show that administration of TND food improved plasma HDL, LDL and triglycerides level in the prostate cancer patient VSP007. The plasma HDL level in patent VSP007 was lower than the healthy level and increased to healthy range after TND food module was administered. The plasma LDL and triglycerides levels in patient VSP007 were in a healthy range and were slightly reduced after a TND food module was administered. FIG.8F shows plasma levels of HDL, LDL and triglycerides in patient VSP001. VSP001 has prostate cancer, and received 1.5 continuous modules of TND food (6 weeks). Plasma levels of HDL, LDL and triglycerides were measured at the same day before the start of the first TND food module as pretreatment baseline level and then at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 11 weeks, and 17 weeks post-initial administration of the first TND food module. The results show that the plasma LDL level in patient VSP001 was in the healthy range and was slightly reduced after 1.5 TND food module was administered and was maintained for another 11 weeks during whichj time the TND food module was not administered. The plasma HDL level in patent VSP001 was lower than the healthy level and stayed in the same range after 1.5 TND food modules were administered. The plasma triglycerides level in patent VSP001 was in the healthy level and remained in the same range after 1.5 TND food modules were administered. In sum, the administration of TND food improved plasma LDL levels in the prostate and rectal cancer patients. The reduction of plasma proline levels correlated with the compliance of patients for the TND food administration (TND food as major source of nutrition for over 90% of their calorie consumption) indicating that plasma proline level can be used as a biomarker for monitoring the patient compliance of TND food consumption.

Claims

Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 CLAIMS WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method of treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising: administering a diet to the subject wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that reduces one or more symptoms of said disease, and wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet achieves a greater reduction or a longer period of reduction of said one or more symptoms of said disease compared to the reduction of said one or more symptoms achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject reduces the one or more symptoms of said disease compared to the one or more symptoms prior to administering the diet to the subject.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more nonessential amino acid is cysteine or cystine.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diet is the source of all nutrients for said subject.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diet is administered orally.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein the one or more nonessential amino acids is provided to the subject in combination with other nutrients in the diet.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein the one or more nonessential amino acids is provided to the subject separately from other nutrients in the diet.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 through 6, wherein the disease is cancer, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith.Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH is obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the cancer is liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 through 9, wherein the diet comprises: (a) one or more essential amino acids selected from histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and wherein (b) the one or more nonessential amino acids are selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline.

11. A method of reducing or inhibiting growth of a tumor in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising: administering a diet to the subject wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that reduces or inhibits the growth of the tumor, and wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet achieves a greater reduction or inhibition or a longer period of reduction or inhibition of the growth of the tumor compared to the reduction or inhibition of the growth of the tumor achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject reduces or inhibits the growth of the tumor compared to the growth of the tumor prior to administering the diet to the subject.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the size of the tumor or the level of one or more tumor markers is reduced by at least 10%.

13. The method according to claim 11 wherein the growth of the size of the tumor is less than 10% after the administration of the diet compared to the growth of the size of the tumor before administration of the diet.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method reduces the growth rate of theAttorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 level of one or more tumor markers by at least 10% after the administration of the diet compared to the growth rate of the one or more tumor markers before administration of the diet.

15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the subject has liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer.

16. A method of reducing blood glucose levels in a subject, the method comprising: administering a diet to the subject wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that reduces the blood glucose levels, and wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet achieves a greater reduction or a longer period of reduction of the blood glucose levels compared to the reduction of the blood glucose levels achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject reduces the blood glucose levels compared to the blood glucose levels prior to administering the diet to the subject.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the blood glucose levels are reduced by at least 10% in the subject after the administration of the diet compared to the subject’s initial blood glucose level before administration of the diet.

18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the subject has cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non- alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH is obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof.

20. A method of decreasing serum level of a liver enzyme in a subject, the method comprising: administering a diet to the subject wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that decreases the serum level of the liver enzyme, and wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet achieves a greater decrease or a longer period of decrease of the serumAttorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 level of the liver enzyme compared to the decrease of the serum level of the liver enzyme achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject decreases the serum level of the liver enzyme compared to the serum level of the liver enzyme prior to administering the diet to the subject.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the serum level of the liver enzyme is decreased by at least 10% in the subject after the administration of the diet compared to the subject’s initial serum level of the liver enzyme before administration of the diet.

22. The method according to claim 20, wherein the liver enzyme is alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), or a combination thereof.

23. The method according to claim 20, wherein the subject has cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non- alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH is obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof.

25. A method of decreasing the level of one or more lipids in the blood of a subject, the method comprising: administering a diet to the subject wherein the diet comprises one or more nonessential amino acids in an amount that decreases the level of one or more lipids in the blood, and wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet achieves a greater decrease or a longer period of decrease of the level of one or more lipids in the blood compared to the decrease of the level of one or more lipids in the blood achieved from a diet free of said one or more nonessential amino acids; and wherein administering said diet to the subject decreases the level of one or more lipids in the blood compared to the level of one or more lipids in the blood prior to administering the diet to the subject.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the one or more lipid is total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, or a combinationAttorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 thereof.

27. The method according to claim 25, wherein the level of one or more lipids in blood are decreased by at least 10% in the subject after the administration of the diet compared to the subject’s initial blood level of the one or more lipids before the administration of the diet.

28. The method according to claim 25, wherein the subject has cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non- alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH is obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof.

30. The method according to any one of claims 1 through 29, wherein the one or more nonessential amino acids is in the form of free amino acids, one or more peptides, one or more proteins, or a combination thereof.

31. The method of reducing blood glucose levels in a subject according to claim 16, wherein the one or more nonessential amino acids are selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline, and wherein the diet comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and wherein the diet further comprises a source of nonessential amino acids in an amount that extends the reduction of blood glucose for a period beyond a period of blood glucose reduction achieved without the source of nonessential amino acids.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein the blood glucose levels are reduced by at least 10% in the subject compared to the subject’s initial blood glucose level prior to the administering of the diet.

33. The method of decreasing serum level of a liver enzyme in a subject according to claim 20, wherein the one or more nonessential amino acids are selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline, and wherein the diet comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and wherein the diet furtherAttorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 comprises a source of nonessential amino acids in an amount that extends the decrease of a liver enzyme level for a period beyond a period of decreased liver enzyme level achieved without the source of nonessential amino acids.

34. The method according to claim 33, wherein the serum level of the liver enzyme is decreased by at least 10% in the subject compared to the subject’s initial serum level of the liver enzyme prior to the administering of the diet.

35. The method of decreasing the level of one or more lipids in blood of a subject according to claim 25,wherein the one or more nonessential amino acids are selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline, and wherein the diet comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and wherein the diet further comprises a source of nonessential amino acids in an amount that extends the decrease of the level of one or more lipids in blood for a period beyond a period of decreased level of one or more lipoproteins in blood achieved without the source of nonessential amino acids.

36. The method according to claim 35, wherein the level of one or more lipids in blood are decreased by at least 10% in the subject compared to the subject’s initial blood level of the level of one or more lipids prior to the administering of the diet.

37. The method according to any one of claims 31 through 36, wherein the subject has cancer, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith, 38. The method according to claim 37, wherein the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH is obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof.

39. The method according to any one of claims 31 through 36, wherein the source of nonessential amino acids is in the form of free amino acids, one or more peptides, one or more proteins or a combination thereof.

40. The method according to any one of claims 31 through 36, wherein the source of nonessential amino acids is in the form of an animal-based food, a plant-based food, aAttorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 fungus, or a combination thereof.

41. The method according to claim 39, wherein the one or more proteins is a natural or a synthetic protein.

42. The method according to claim 39, wherein the one or more proteins is a natural protein.

43. The method according to claim 42, wherein the one or more proteins is a natural protein present in a food source.

44. The method according to claim 43, wherein the food source is whey, soy, casein, oat, egg, blood, pea, barley, a meat, a dairy product, or fish.

45. The method according to any one of claims 31 through 38, wherein the diet comprises methionine, and at least one of the nonessential amino acids is present in the diet in an amount that provides: (i) a molar ratio of methionine to alanine that is greater than about 0.06; (ii) a molar ratio of methionine to asparagine that is greater than about 0.3; (iii) a molar ratio of methionine to aspartate that is greater than about 2; (iv) a molar ratio of methionine to cysteine or cystine that is greater than about 0.5; (v) a molar ratio of methionine to glutamine that is greater than about 0.04; (vi) a molar ratio of methionine to glycine that is greater than about 0.1; (vii) a molar ratio of methionine to serine that is greater than about 0.2; (viii) a molar ratio of methionine to tyrosine that is greater than about 0.3; or (ix) a molar ratio of methionine to proline that is greater than about 0.

1.

46. A treatment regimen for treating a disease in a subject, wherein said treatment regimen comprises placing the subject on a diet having a first phase and a second phase andAttorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 wherein the combination of the first and second phase is a treatment cycle, wherein the diet during the first phase comprises: (a) one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and (b) one or more nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline, and wherein the diet during the first phase has a reduced amount of at least one or more nonessential amino acids compared to the diet during the second phase of the diet, and wherein the treatment regimen comprises at least one treatment cycle, wherein the amount of the one or more nonessential amino acid administered during the first phase of the diet provides for a reduction of the one or more symptoms of the disease compared to the one or more symptoms prior to administration of the treatment regimen, and wherein the second phase of the diet provides an amount of the nonessential amino acid to maintain the reduction of the one or more symptoms below the level of symptoms prior to initiation of the treatment regimen or enhance the reduction of the one or more symptoms at or below the level of symptoms in a first phase of a second treatment cycle.

47. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the diet during the first phase is free of at least one nonessential amino acid and wherein the diet during the second phase comprises the nonessential amino acid that is absent during the first phase.

48. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein one or more nonessential amino acids present in the diet during the second phase is in the form of free amino acids, one or more peptides, one or more proteins, or a combination thereof.

49. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the nonessential amino acid present in the second phase is in the form of an animal based food, a plant-based food, a fungus, or a combination thereof.

50. The method according to claim 48, wherein the one or more proteins is a natural or a synthetic protein.

51. The method according to claim 48, wherein the one or more proteins is a natural protein.Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 52. The method according to claim 48, wherein the one or more proteins is a natural protein present in a food source.

53. The method according to claim 52, wherein the food source is whey, soy, casein, oat, egg, blood, pea, barley, a meat, a dairy product, or fish.

54. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the treatment regimen causes a reduction in the concentration of proline in the blood.

55. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the diet comprises methionine, and wherein the one or more nonessential amino acids are present in the diet in an amount that provides: (i) a molar ratio of methionine to alanine that is greater than about 0.06; (ii) a molar ratio of methionine to asparagine that is greater than about 0.3; (iii) a molar ratio of methionine to aspartate that is greater than about 2; (iv) a molar ratio of methionine to cysteine or cystine that is greater than about 0.5; (v) a molar ratio of methionine to glutamine that is greater than about 0.04; (vi) a molar ratio of methionine to glycine that is greater than about 0.1; (vii) a molar ratio of methionine to serine that is greater than about 0.2; (viii) a molar ratio of methionine to tyrosine that is greater than about 0.3; or (ix) a molar ratio of methionine to proline that is greater than about 0.

1.

56. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the treatment regimen is administered one or more times per day for at least one week.

57. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the treatment regimen is administered one or more times per day for two weeks.

58. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the treatment regimen is administered one or more times per day for at least one month.Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 59. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the second phase is at least one day.

60. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the second phase is one to fourteen days.

61. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, further comprising a second treatment regimen after the second phase.

62. The treatment regimen according to claim 61, wherein the second treatment regimen is administered after the second phase.

63. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, further comprising two or more of each treatment regimen.

64. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, further comprising repetitive cycles.

65. The treatment regimen according to claim 64, wherein the number of cycles is between 2 and 50.

66. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the treatment regimen decreases the level of plasma cysteine in the subject compared to the level of plasma cysteine in the subject before administration of the treatment regimen.

67. The treatment regimen according to claim 66, wherein the level of plasma cysteine is reduced by at least 10%.

68. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the treatment regimen decreases the level of plasma proline in the subject compared to the level of plasma proline in the subject before administration of the treatment regimen.

69. The treatment regimen according to claim 68, wherein the level of plasma proline is reduced by at least 10%.

70. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the treatment regimen is sufficient to cause and maintain a reduction in the level of one or more tumor markers, the growth rate of a tumor or the size of a tumor in the subject, wherein the subject has cancer.Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 71. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the treatment regimen is sufficient to cause and maintain a reduction in the level of one or more lipids in blood, serum level of a liver enzyme, or blood glucose levels in the subject compared to the level of one or more lipids in blood, serum level of a liver enzyme, or blood glucose levels in the subject before administration of the treatment regimen.

72. The treatment regimen according to any one of claims 46 through 71, wherein the disease is cancer, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith.

73. The treatment regimen according to claim 72, wherein the cancer is liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer.

74. The treatment regimen according to claim 72, wherein the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH is obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof.

75. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, further comprising administering a pharmaceutically active agent.

76. The treatment regimen according to claim 75, wherein the pharmaceutically active agent is administered during the first phase, during the second phase or a combination thereof.

77. The treatment regimen according to claim 75, wherein the pharmaceutically active agent is an anti-cancer agent, anti-obesity agent, or an anti-diabetic agent, or a cholesterol / lipid lowering agent.

78. The treatment regimen according to any one of claims 46 through 67, wherein the treatment regimen suppresses growth of a tumor in the subject.

79. The treatment regimen according to claim 70, wherein the cancer is liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer.

80. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the subject has a genetic predisposition for cancer.

81. The treatment regimen according to claim 78, wherein the size of the tumor or the levelAttorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 or one or more tumor markers is reduced by at least 10%.

82. The treatment regimen according to claim 78, wherein treatment regimen is sufficient to cause and maintain a reduction in the level of one or more tumor markers, the growth rate of a tumor or the size of a tumor in the subject, wherein the subject has cancer.

83. The treatment regimen according to claim 46, wherein the subject has cancer, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non- alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or a disease or condition associated therewith.

84. The treatment regimen according to claim 83, wherein the cancer is liver cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer.

85. The treatment regimen according to claim 83, wherein the disease or condition associated with NAFLD or NASH is obesity, pre-diabetes, diabetes, or a combination thereof.

86. The method according to claim 1, further comprising administering a pharmaceutically active agent.

87. The method according to claim 86, wherein the pharmaceutically active agent is an anti- cancer agent, anti-obesity agent, or an anti-diabetic agent, or a cholesterol / lipid lowering agent.

88. The method according to any one of claims 1-45, wherein blood proline levels are determined hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly, and wherein compared to the blood proline levels prior to administering the diet to the subject, the blood proline levels following administering the diet are reduced or lower, and wherein the reduced blood proline level are associated with a therapeutic effect.

89. The treatment regimen according to any one of claims 46-85, wherein blood proline levels are determined hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly, and wherein compared to blood proline levels prior to administering the treatment regimen to the subject, the blood proline levels following administering the treatment regimen are reduced or lower, and wherein the blood proline levels are associated with a therapeutic effect.

90. A kit for providing a treatment regimen to a subject, the kit comprising a first phase diet and a second phase diet.Attorney Docket No.: 38203.0004P1 wherein the first phase diet comprises one or more of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, or valine; and one or more nonessential amino acids selected from alanine, asparagine, aspartate, cysteine or cystine, glutamine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, or proline, and wherein the first phase diet has a reduced amount of at least one or more nonessential amino acids compared to the second phase diet.

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