Network node and method performed in a wireless communication network
By applying a phase ramping procedure to transform reference signals and map them to beams matching the physical antenna array form factor, the network nodes overcome the limitations of current CSI-RS codebook schemes, enhancing the identification of optimal beams and thus improving wireless communication network performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/117485
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication networks face challenges in identifying the most optimal beam for user equipment (UE), leading to reduced network performance due to limitations in current CSI-RS codebook schemes, which struggle with arbitrary antenna array form factors.
The implementation of a phase ramping procedure in network nodes to spatially transform reference signals, allowing for arbitrary form factors in antenna arrays by mapping phase ramped signals to beams that match the physical antenna array form factor.
This approach enables reliable spatial information reporting from UEs with arbitrary antenna array layouts, ensuring accurate traffic beam transmission and improved wireless communication network performance.
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Figure CN2023117485_13032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
NETWORK NODE AND METHOD PERFORMED IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments herein relate to a network node, and a method performed therein regarding wireless communication. Furthermore, a computer program product and a computer-readable storage medium are also provided herein. Especially, embodiments herein relate to handling or enabling communication, such as managing beam selection, in a wireless communication network.BACKGROUND
[0002] In a typical wireless communication network, user equipments (UE) , also known as wireless communication devices, mobile stations, stations (STA) and / or wireless devices, communicate via a Radio Access Network (RAN) to one or more core networks (CN) . The RAN covers a geographical area which is divided into service areas or cell areas, with each service area or cell area being served by a network node such as an access node e.g. a Wi-Fi access point or a radio base station (RBS) , which in some radio access technologies (RAT) may also be called, for example, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB) and a gNodeB (gNB) . The service area or cell area is a geographical area where radio coverage is provided by a network node. The network node operates on radio frequencies to communicate over an air interface with the UEs within range of the access node. The network node communicates over a downlink (DL) to the UE, and the UE communicates over an uplink (UL) to the access node.
[0003] A Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a third generation telecommunication network, which evolved from the second generation (2G) Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) . The UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) is essentially a RAN using wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) and / or High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) for communication with user equipments. In a forum known as the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , telecommunications suppliers propose and agree upon standards for present and future generation networks and UTRAN specifically, and investigate enhanced data rate and radio capacity. In some RANs, e.g., as in UMTS, several network nodes may be connected, e.g., by landlines or microwave, to a controller node, such as a radio network controller (RNC) or a base station controller (BSC) , which supervises and coordinates various activities of the plural network nodes connected thereto. The RNCs are typically connected to one or more CNs.
[0004] Specifications for the Evolved Packet System (EPS) have been completed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and this work continues in the coming 3GPP releases, such as fifth generation (5G) and sixth generation (6G) networks. The EPS comprises the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , also known as the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) radio access network, and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) , also known as System Architecture Evolution (SAE) core network. E-UTRAN / LTE is a 3GPP radio access technology wherein the network nodes are directly connected to the EPC core network. As such, the RAN of an EPS has an essentially non-hierarchical architecture comprising network nodes connected directly to one or more CNs.
[0005] With the emerging 5G technologies also known as new radio (NR) , the use of very many transmit-and receive-antenna elements may utilize beamforming, such as transmit-side and receive-side beamforming. Transmit-side beamforming means that the transmitter can amplify the transmitted signals in a selected direction or directions, while suppressing the transmitted signals in other directions. Similarly, on the receive-side, a receiver can amplify signals from a selected direction or directions, while suppressing unwanted signals from other directions.
[0006] Large Antenna Array is used in 5G or upcoming 6G RAN to increase the cell capacity and coverage. The benefit is accomplished by beamforming, a functionality that can generate a narrow beam at some specific directions to strengthen the signal power at the receiver side.
[0007] To transmit the beam toward a UE, the channel state information (CSI) is needed. Hence a network node sends a reference signal (RS) , e.g., a CSI-RS, for a UE to detect the CSI which is fed back to the network node by some compressed information. Such compressed information may comprise precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , rank indicator (RI) and channel quality indicator (CQI) . The UE estimates and provides feedback, also referred to as PMI feedback, according to a codebook.
[0008] Fig. 1 shows the overview of the CSI-RS and codebook-based PMI feedback. In this example, the network node transmits four CSI-RS ports (s1, s2, s3, s4) on four physical antennas. When the CSI-RSs go through the air and are received by the UE, i.e., y1,y2, y3, y4, there are some spatial phase shifts between the multiple CSI-RS ports, also referred to as different times of arrival. By estimating CSI and calculating the phase shifts from y1, y2, y3, y4, the UE can select the beam index or PMI index from the codebook to indicate the best transmission beam from the network node to the UE. On the other hand, the PMI index may also indicate some UE information, e.g., angle of arrival (AOA) , angle of departure (AOD) , geometric position etc.
[0009] There are more and more antenna arrays with different form factors and apertures, which are proposed to support different customer needs such as by product design, max allowed dimensions of the product or similar. For example, to fill a given size with optimum number of antenna elements with an optimal element separation, uneven number of columns and / or rows may be needed. These antenna arrays may not be well supported by the current CSI-RS codebook scheme from the 3GPP.
[0010] The CSI-RS configurations are limited to different combinations of N1 and N2, where N1 often indicates the number of columns used and the N2 indicates the number of rows in an advanced antenna system (AAS) antenna array. AAS apertures does sometime not fit in the port layout given by the possible CSI-RS configurations in the standard. If the AAS aperture is of a larger size, then it is common practice to map each pair of dual polarized CSI-RS ports to subarrays of the AAS.
[0011] A problem with existing solutions is that the AAS form factor has to be limited to multiples of N1 and N2 as given by the standard. In addition to that, introducing CSI-RS sweeping comes with a complication that UEs in the cell need to be either configured with different CSI-RSs depending on location in the cell, for the sake of mobility, or support CSI reporting, or UEs need to use aperiodic CSI reporting with time processing disabled so as to support sweeping of a single CSI-RS.
[0012] One example is an AAS product with 10 (columns) x 3 (rows) being released but such form factor is not well supported by the current CSI-RS mapping.
[0013] Another example is a circular antenna array as shown in Fig. 2. Such a circular antenna array covers an omni cell, i.e., 360-deg cell, but one subarray only covers a sector of the cell. The UE in the cell only receives signals from some of the antenna subarrays but not all reducing the spatial information.
[0014] Another example is the lens antenna as shown in Fig. 3. Also here, one or few subarrays covers only a part of the cell, e.g., the beam of the lens antenna is formed by only one or some subarrays but not all.
[0015] It’s hard to map RSs or CSI-RS ports to above antenna array to let the UE report the expected spatial information to the network node.SUMMARY
[0016] Since the prior art makes it hard to identify a most optimal beam for a UE, this may reduce the performance of the wireless communication network.
[0017] An object of embodiments herein is, thus, to provide a mechanism that improves the performance of a wireless communication network.
[0018] According to an aspect the object is achieved by providing a method performed by a network node for handling communication of a UE in a wireless communication network. The network node applies a phase ramping procedure to a set of reference or control signals, and maps the phase ramped set of reference or control signals to one or more beams, wherein the one or more beams will be transmitted from a number of physical antenna ports. The network node further transmits the one or more beams comprising the mapped phase ramped set of reference or control signals.
[0019] According to another aspect the object is achieved by providing a network node for handling communication of a UE in a wireless communication network. The network node is configured to apply a phase ramping procedure to a set of reference or control signals, and configured to map the phase ramped set of reference or control signals to one or more beams, wherein the one or more beams will be transmitted from a number of physical antenna ports. The network node further transmits the one or more beams comprising the mapped phase ramped set of reference or control signals.
[0020] It is furthermore provided herein a computer program product comprising instructions, which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the methods herein, as performed by the network node.
[0021] It is additionally provided herein a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the methods herein, as performed by the network node.
[0022] In order to allow for arbitrary form factors for an AAS, a mapping of one or more reference or control signals to a number of physical antenna ports is herein provided. According to the embodiments herein the reference or control signals are first spatially transformed using the phase ramping procedure on the reference or control signals, e.g., the CSI-ports, with the purpose to emulate spatial directions of the reference or control signals with given form parameters. The phase ramping procedure may comprise a phase shift vector that is added between reference or control signals so that the reference or control signals form a phase ramp plane across a virtual array area.
[0023] Thus, embodiments herein enable the reference or control signals configuration, e.g., 32 ports or any number of ports configuration, for physical antenna ports with other form factors than the ones proposed in the standard.
[0024] Since embodiments herein allow the UE to report a reliable spatial information to the network node with an arbitrary antenna array layout, the network node will transmit a correct traffic beam to the UE or position the UE correctly. Thus, this will result in an improved performance of the wireless communication network.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Embodiments will now be described in more detail in relation to the enclosed drawings, in which:
[0026] Fig. 1 shows an overview of providing CSI-RS feedback according to prior art;
[0027] Fig. 2 shows a schematic overview of a circular antenna array according to prior art;
[0028] Fig. 3 shows a schematic overview of a lens antenna array according to prior art;
[0029] Fig. 4 shows a schematic overview of a wireless communication network according to embodiments herein:
[0030] Fig. 5 shows a combined flowchart and signalling scheme according to embodiments herein;
[0031] Fig. 6 shows a flowchart depicting a method performed by a network node according to embodiments herein;
[0032] Fig. 7 shows an example of full CSI-RS Ports P2B Mapping according to some embodiments herein
[0033] Fig. 8 shows multiple solutions for PDSCH Beam according to some embodiments herein;
[0034] Fig. 9 shows simulation results with 2 CSI-RS Beams;
[0035] Fig. 10 shows a flow chart depicting a method according to some embodiments herein;
[0036] Fig. 11 shows an example of a Phase Ramp Mapping for a circular antenna according to some embodiments herein;
[0037] Fig. 12 shows an example of a Phase Ramp Mapping for a lens antenna according to some embodiments herein;
[0038] Fig. 13 is a block diagram depicting a network node according to embodiments herein;
[0039] Fig. 14 shows an example of a communication system QQ100 in accordance with some embodiments;
[0040] Fig. 15 shows a UE QQ200 in accordance with some embodiments;
[0041] Fig. 16 shows a network node QQ300 in accordance with some embodiments;
[0042] Fig. 17 is a block diagram of a host QQ400, which may be an embodiment of the host QQ116 of Fig. 14, in accordance with various aspects described herein;
[0043] Fig. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment QQ500 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized; and
[0044] Fig. 19 shows a communication diagram of a host QQ602 communicating via a network node QQ604 with a UE QQ606 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] Embodiments herein are described within the context of 3GPP NR radio technology. It is understood that the problems and solutions described herein are equally applicable to wireless access networks and UEs implementing other access technologies and standards. NR is used as an example technology where embodiments are suitable, and using NR in the description therefore is particularly useful for understanding the problem and solutions solving the problem. In particular, embodiments are applicable also to 6G, 3GPP LTE, or 3GPP LTE and NR integration, also denoted as non-standalone NR.
[0046] Embodiments herein relate to wireless communication networks in general. Fig. 4 is a schematic overview depicting a wireless communication network 1. The wireless communication network 1 comprises one or more RANs and one or more CNs. The wireless communication network 1 may use one or a number of different technologies. Embodiments herein relate to recent technology trends that are of particular interest in a NR context, however, embodiments are also applicable in further developments of existing wireless communications systems such as e.g. 6G, LTE or WCDMA.
[0047] In the wireless communication network 1, a user equipment (UE) 10, such as a mobile station, a wireless device, a non-access point (non-AP) STA, a STA, and / or a wireless terminal, is communicating via, e.g., one or more Access Networks (AN) , e.g., RAN, to one or more CNs. It should be understood by the skilled in the art that “UE” is a non-limiting term which means any terminal, wireless communications terminal or device, user equipment, narrowband (NB) -internet of things (IoT) device, Machine Type Communication (MTC) device, Device to Device (D2D) terminal, or node, e.g., smart phone, laptop, mobile phone, sensor, relay, mobile tablets or even a small base station capable of communicating using radio communication with a network node within an area served by the network node.
[0048] The wireless communication network 10 comprises a network node 12, e.g., an access node, an access controller, a base station, e.g. a radio base station such as a gNodeB (gNB) , an evolved Node B (eNB, eNode B) , a NodeB, a base transceiver station, a radio remote unit, an Access Point Base Station, a base station router, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access point or an Access Point Station (AP STA) , a stand-alone access point, or any other network unit or node capable of communicating with a wireless device within a service area 11 served by the network node 12 depending e.g., on a radio access technology and terminology used. The service area 11 may also be referred to as a cell, a beam or a beam group of a first radio access technology (RAT) , such as 6G, 5G, LTE, Wi-Fi, or similar. The network node 12 may be associated with a first Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) and / or a first Non-Public Network (NPN) .
[0049] According to embodiments herein the network node 12 applies or adds a phase ramping procedure to a set of reference or control signals, also referred to as reference or control signal ports, such as CSI-RS ports. The phase ramping procedure comprises adding or applying a respective phase shift between the respective reference or control signals. The network node 12 further maps the phase ramped set of reference or control signals to one or more beams, wherein the one or more beams will be transmitted from a number of physical antenna ports. In other words the set of reference or control signals are transmitted in shape or shapes of one or more beams. These one or more beams may be formed in a weighting process designed according to a form factor of an antenna array, also referred to as a physical antenna array. Thus, the one or more beams are designed taking the form factor of the antenna array into account. These one or more beams may be designed to excite steering vectors in the antenna array with similar spatial directions as the original phase ramps, hence emulating an antenna array that fits the reference signals on an antenna array that has a different form factor. The network node 12 transmits the one or more beams comprising the mapped phase ramped set of reference or control signals. Thus, allowing the network node 12 to determine a spatial direction to where the UE 10 is located based on a feedback indication from the UE and the phase ramping procedure.
[0050] In order to allow for arbitrary form factors for an AAS, it is herein provided a mapping of one or more reference or control signals to a number of physical antenna ports, wherein the reference or control signals are first spatially transformed using the phase ramping procedure on the set of reference or control signals such as CSI-RS ports, with the purpose to emulate spatial directions of the reference or control signals with given form parameters. The transformed set of reference or control signals are mapped to a set of beams that covers an intended cell area with the form factor available in the AAS.
[0051] Thus, embodiments herein provide a set of reference or control signals precoding, for example, a CSI-RS precoding, with a phase ramp to support an arbitrary antenna array layout.
[0052] The precoding and mapping may include:
[0053] - An artificial phase ramp with spatial directions is designed to emulate the form factor as given by the CSI-RS configuration.
[0054] - A mapping of phase ramp signals to beams. The beams are designed to match the form factor of the physical antenna array. Thus, a mapping of phase ramped signals to a single or multiple physical antennas.
[0055] Thus, it is herein introduced a port to antenna mapping wherein the set of reference or control signals ports are transformed using multiple phase ramps on the set of reference or control signals ports, with the purpose to emulate the spatial directions of the set of reference or control signals with given form parameters such as N1 and N2 parameters. The transformed set of reference or control signals ports are then directed to a set of beams that covers the intended cell area with the form factor available in the AAS.
[0056] Fig. 5 is a combined flowchart and signalling scheme according to some embodiments herein.
[0057] Action 501. The network node 12 applies or adds the phase ramping procedure to the set of reference or control signals. The network node 12 may, for example, apply a phase shift vector to a first and a second polarization of the set reference or control signals.
[0058] Action 502. The network node 12 maps the phase ramped set of reference or control signals to the one or more beams, wherein the one or more beams will be transmitted from the number of physical antenna ports. Thus, the phase ramping procedure comprises adding a phase shift vector between reference or control signals to form a phase ramp plane across a virtual array area, wherein the virtual array area is defined by the set of reference or control signals.
[0059] Action 503. The network node 12 further transmits the one or more beams comprising the mapped phase ramped set of reference or control signals. In other words the set of reference or control signals are phase ramped and transmitted in a shape or shapes of one or more beams.
[0060] Action 504. The UE 10 receives one or more beams and may generate a feedback indication of one or more preferred beams out of the one or more beams, wherein the feedback indication indicates a preferable PMI.
[0061] Action 505. The UE 10 may then transmit the feedback indication to the network node 12. Thus, indicating the phase shift of the phase ramping procedure of the phase ramped signal.
[0062] Action 506. The network node 12 may receive the feedback indication and may determine a spatial direction to where the UE 10 is located based on the feedback indication and the phase ramping procedure. The network node 12 may select a beam for transmitting data to the UE 10 based on the feedback indication. The spatial direction may, alternatively or additionally, be used for positioning the UE 10.
[0063] Action 507. The network node 12 may then transmit data to the UE 10 based on the determined spatial direction.
[0064] Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a method performed by the network node 12, such as a gNB or similar, for handling communication of the UE 10 in the wireless communication network 1 in accordance with embodiments herein. Optional actions are shown using a dashed line. The acts in Fig. 6 may be performed in any suitable order.
[0065] Action 601. The network node 12 applies the phase ramping procedure to the set of reference or control signals. The network node 12 may apply a phase shift ramping up between reference signals in the set of reference or control signals forming a phase ramp plane across a virtual array area or surface. For example, a phase shift vector is added between CSI-RSs or ports to form a phase ramp plane across the virtual array area, wherein the virtual array area is defined by the set of CSI-RSs, or CSI-RSs ports. As an example, the phase ramping procedure may comprise adding a phase shift vector to the set of reference or control signals. The network node 12 may apply the phase ramping procedure by adding a phase shift vector to a first polarization of the signal of the set of reference or control signals, and to a second polarization of the set of reference or control signals. For example, the phase shift vector comprising a sequential phase shift such as 10°, 20°, 30°, 40° etc, may be added to each CSI-RS port for each beam. First ports may correspond to a 1st polarization, and same first ports may correspond to a 2nd polarization. The phase ramping procedure may be configured to form a virtual antenna array of a set format. For example, the set of reference or control signals over a three row times ten column-array may be formed to look like a four row times eight column-array that fits well with a current 3GPP CSI-RS ports and codebook.
[0066] Action 602. The network node 12 further maps the phase ramped set of reference or control signals to the one or more beams, wherein the one or more beams will be transmitted from the number of physical antenna ports. The number may be, for example, for a lens antenna, one physical antenna port and for a row and column-antenna array the number may be two or more physical antenna ports. The one or more beams may be formed in a weighting process designed according to a form factor of the antenna array. The one or more beams may be formed using an entire physical antenna array or a part of the physical antenna array. The phase ramped set of reference or control signals may be mapped to the one or more beams by adding a beamforming matrix to the the phase ramped set of reference or control signals forming streams of the phase ramped set of reference or control signals and transferring the streams to physical antenna branches of the antenna array to construct the beam pointing to the spatial direction. In an example, each port of the set of reference or control signals may be mapped to all physical antenna branches of an antenna array.
[0067] Action 603. The network node 12 transmits the one or more beams comprising the mapped phase ramped set of reference or control signals. In other words, the network node 12 transmits the phase ramped set of reference or control signals shaped in the one or more beams. It should be noted that one or more virtual directions created by the applied phase ramping procedure and one or more physical beam directions may be the same or different. If the directions are different, the network node 12 may need to map the virtual direction fed back from the UE 10 to a physical direction.
[0068] Action 604. The network node 12 may receive a feedback indication from the UE 10. The feedback indication may indicate a matrix indicator indicating one or more beams, such as a PMI.
[0069] Action 605. The network node 12 may then determine the spatial direction, such as a spatial angle, to where the UE 10 is located based on the feedback indication and the phase ramping procedure. This may be used for positioning the UE 10 and / or for selecting a beam for data transmission.
[0070] Action 606. The network node 12 may transmit data to the UE 10 based on the determined spatial direction. The network node 12 may transmit the data by beamforming the data with a steering vector for a physical antenna, where the steering vector is using an angular direction as indicated by the feedback indication, or beamforming the data with the phase ramping procedure and with a weighting matrix according to the feedback indication.
[0071] In some examples herein it is disclosed a port to beam (P2B) mapping using full or all CSI-RS ports.
[0072] M ports may be mapped to multiple beams. Each beam may comprise the M CSI-RS ports with a phase ramp as shown in Fig. 7. is the phase shift added to each CSI-RS port m for each beam b. M ports may be corresponding to a 1st polarization, and other M ports may be corresponding to a 2nd polarization.
[0073] It is disclosed an example for how to add the phase ramp based on a typical configuration for 32 CSI-RS ports, with N1=4, N2=4. Table 1 shows the CSI-RS ports single panel from codebook for N1=4, N2=4, which is also the structure from a UE view.
[0074] Taking virtual beam 1 for example, the phase shift vector is added to the 1st polarization of the 32 CSI-RS ports with added to port i of the 1st polarization. The phase ramp is created by designing the phase shifts to the rows and columns of CSI-RS ports in Table 1. For example, ports 1, 5, 9, 13 are in one row. Then we add a phase ramp according to a virtual direction in horizontal as a steering vector. This phase ramp would be added to other rows as well. Such design may be applied in vertical direction so the beam and phase ramp may be pointing to any 3D spatial direction.
[0075] The phase ramping is adding phase according to each CSI-RS port position in the virtual array and the virtual direction Instead of the above vector form, it can be conveniently written in Matrix form:
[0076] In this context, the d / λ term may be considered a virtual term as well, and set to a typical value used in antenna arrays, e.g. 1 / 2. The phase ramped virtual beam signal is then constructed by multiplying each CSI-RS port with corresponding phase shift and summing. We define the Matrix of CSI-RS ports according to the order of leftmost Table 1:
[0077] And finally come to the phase ramped signal expression:
[0078] Where ⊙ denotes the Hadamard product (element-wise multiplication) , and the summation is over all Matrix elements.
[0079] After applying the phase ramp to the ports, the phase ramped signals are input to the beamforming (BF) matrix W1. There are beamforming weights in W1 to construct the beam pointing to spatial direction as below. The dimension of W1 is Nv*Nh (Nv is the number of rows, Nh is the number of columns in the physical array) and the same BF weights would be used in another polarization. d / λ here relates to the separation of the physical antenna branches.
[0080] There would be 2*Nv*Nh (2 is the number of polarizations in this case) streams after adding the BF weights. Those streams are transferred to the physical antenna branches to form a beam, for example, beam steering in azimuth as above and / or elevation. The UE 10 would figure out this phase ramp after it receives a beam signal with all 32 CSI-RS ports and report the PMI according to the phase ramp precoded in this beam.
[0081] Please note that single polarization is shown in Fig. 7 and the other polarization is not shown explicitly, but the example here contains 32 CSI-RS ports. Fig. 7 shows an example of full CSI-RS Ports P2B Mapping with only one polarization mapping explicitly shown.
[0082] CSI-RS N1=4, N2=4 Single Panel
[0083] Table 1 shows CSI-RS Ports in Antenna Panel
[0084] As stated above the network node 12 may determine the spatial direction where UE 10 is located after the feedback indication from the UE 10, and may then apply different strategies as shown in Fig. 8.
[0085] In case 1, the UE 10 reports PMI with i11=0, i2=0 which means it’s located in beam 0. The network node 12 may use the narrow beam to transmit the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) data as below. spdsch is the user traffic data. Xpdsch is the beamformed traffic data. is the beam weights from CSI-RS beam.
[0086] In case 2, the UE 10 reports PMI with i11=1, i2=1 which means it’s located between beam 0 and 1. The network node 12 may use an offset narrow beam to transmit PDSCH data as below. The weights of offset beam are designed based on the spatial directions of the two neighbour CSI-RS beams, i.e.,
[0087] In case 3, the UE 10 reports PMI with i11=1, i2=1 and RI=2 which means it’s located between beam 0 and 1 but support multiple layers. The network node 12 may transmit two layers PDSCH data with each layer in one narrow CSI-RS beam. spdsch1 is the PDSCH data for layer 1 which is transmitted in beam 0 in this case. spdsch2 is the PDSCH data for layer 2 which is transmitted in beam 1.
[0088] Hence, the CSI-RS signal is transmitted in a beam, by W matrix, and the phase ramp procedure of the CSI-RS signal is like some ID information. The UE 10 receives CSI-RS signal and figure out the ID of beam, from the phase ramp, and reports it to the network node 12 via PMI. The network node 12 knows the beam to the UE 10 and may use W matrix to perform beamforming of PDSCH. It should be noted that the network node 12 may perform beamforming with steering vectors for the physical antenna, where the steering vectors are using the angular directions, such as elevation and azimuth, of the reported PMIs, rather than using the precoder codebook multiplied with the phase ramp and W matrix. The benefit of this is that it will allow for full power utilization in the power amplifiers (PA) , as the phase ramp and W matrix will in many configurations increase the peak power per PA for the traffic beams. The steering vector may have sufficient similarities with the beam corresponding to the reported PMI to allow it to use reported rank and CQI for link adaptation.
[0089] Simulation results of embodiments herein are disclosed in Fig. 9, wherein a test was performed in a simulator of link level (1xgNB+2xUE) . To simplify the process, two beams were transmitted in two directions +15deg &-15deg horizontal, which are also the positions of two UEs, as shown in Fig. 9. A line of sight (LOS) channel is used. The CSI- RS configuration used is N1=4, N2=4. Both UEs are configured to 32 CSI-RS ports and the network node 12 transmits 32 CSI-RS ports in two beams with individual phase ramp.
[0090] Testcase1: Phase ramp corresponding to -15deg beam direction is transmitted in right beam. Phase ramp corresponding to 15deg beam direction is transmitted in left beam.
[0091] Result: UE_right reports PMI=14, UE_left reports PMI=2
[0092] To prove that UE PMI is controlled by phase ramp, the two phase ramps are swapped as below.
[0093] Testcase 2: Phase ramp corresponding to 15deg beam direction is transmitted in right beam. Phase ramp corresponding to -15deg beam direction is transmitted in left beam.
[0094] Testcase 2 result: UE_right reports PMI=2, UE_left reports PMI=14
[0095] The result proves that UE PMI is controlled by the virtual phase ramp.
[0096] Fig. 10 shows a flowchart according to an example of embodiments herein.
[0097] Action 1010. The network node 12 may perform a phase ramping precoding on multiple CSI-RS ports.
[0098] Action 1011. The network node 12 may transmit multiple beams with multiple phase ramp groups.
[0099] Action 1012. The network node 12 may further receive PMI feedback from the UE 10.
[0100] Action 1013. The network node 12 may determine spatial direction for the UE 10 according to the PMI feedback and the phase ramp precoding.
[0101] Action 1014. The network node 12 may then transmit traffic beam or beams to the UE 10 according to the spatial direction indicated by the PMI feedback.
[0102] It is further herein disclosed different examples of configurations and mappings for other antenna form factors. The mappings for a circular antenna array and a lens antenna are shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12. For the circular antenna array, the phase ramped set of reference or control signals may be mapped to a group of physical antennas. For the lens antenna, the phase ramped set of reference or control signals may be mapped to a single physical antenna so the BF weights for the phase ramped set of reference or control signals is a scalar e.g. S1=1. The group of physical antennas to be mapped depends on the desired direction of the generated beam. With this procedure, the UE 10 will experience the full set of CSI-RS signals along with the virtual directions used in the phase ramping step. These virtual directions do not need to correspond to the physical direction to the UE 10, since the phase ramping and beamforming of the CSI-RS are independent. The mapping from virtual direction to physical direction can be made in the network node side after receiving the UE CSI feedback in codebook format. In fact, current codebooks are not designed to handle as large as full 360 degrees direction to the UE 10. Thus, embodiments herein can extend the directional coverage of CSI-RS signals without affecting the signalling to / from the UE.
[0103] Fig. 13 depicts embodiment of the network node 12 for handling communication of the UE 10 in the wireless communication network according to embodiments herein.
[0104] The network node 12 may comprise processing circuitry 1301, e.g. one or more processors, configured to perform the methods herein.
[0105] The network node 12 and / or the processing circuitry 1301 is configured to apply the phase ramping procedure to the set of reference or control signals.
[0106] The network node 12 and / or the processing circuitry 1301 is configured to map the phase ramped set of reference or control signals to the one or more beams, wherein the one or more beams will be transmitted from a number of physical antenna ports. The number of physical antenna ports may be one or at least two physical antenna ports. The one or more beams may be formed in the weighting process designed according to the form factor of the antenna array. The one or more beams may be formed using the entire physical antenna array or a part of the physical antenna array.
[0107] The network node 12 and / or the processing circuitry 1301 is configured to transmit the one or more beams comprising the mapped phase ramped set of reference or control signals.
[0108] The network node 12 and / or the processing circuitry 1301 may be configured to receive the feedback indication from the UE 10, and to determine the spatial direction to where the UE 10 is located based on the feedback indication and the phase ramping procedure.
[0109] The network node 12 and / or the processing circuitry 1301 may be configured to apply the phase ramping procedure by adding the phase shift vector to the set of reference or control signals.
[0110] The network node 12 and / or the processing circuitry 1301 may be configured to apply the phase ramping procedure by adding a phase shift vector to a first polarization of the set of reference or control signals, and to a second polarization of the set of reference or control signals.
[0111] The network node 12 and / or the processing circuitry 1301 may be configured to map the phase ramped set of reference or control signals to the one or more beams by adding a beamforming matrix to the the phase ramped set of reference or control signals forming streams of the phase ramped set of reference or control signals and transferring the streams to physical antenna branches of an antenna array to construct the beam pointing to a spatial direction.
[0112] The network node 12 and / or the processing circuitry 1301 may be configured to map each port of the set of reference or control signals to all physical antenna branches of the antenna array.
[0113] The phase ramping procedure may be configured to form the virtual antenna array of a set format.
[0114] The one or more virtual directions created by the applied phase ramping procedure and one or more physical beam directions may be the same or different.
[0115] The network node 12 and / or the processing circuitry 1301 may be configured to apply the phase ramping procedure by applying the phase shift ramping up between reference signals in the set of reference or control signals forming the phase ramp plane across the virtual array area.
[0116] The network node 12 further comprises a memory 1305. The memory 1305 comprises one or more units to be used to store data on, such as indications, mapping, virtual areas, phase shift vectors, feedback indication, spatial directions, measurements, thresholds, data related to nodes, and applications to perform the methods disclosed herein when being executed, and similar. Furthermore, the network node 12 may comprise a communication interface 1306 such as comprising a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver and / or one or more antennas, such as antenna arrays.
[0117] The methods according to the embodiments described herein for the network node 12 are respectively implemented using e.g., a computer program product 1307 or a computer program, comprising instructions, i.e., software code portions, which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the actions described herein, as performed by the network node 12. The computer program product 1307 may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium 1308, e.g. a disc, a universal serial bus (USB) stick or similar. The computer-readable storage medium 1308, having stored thereon the computer program product, may comprise the instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the actions described herein, as performed by the network node 12. In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium may be a transitory or a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Thus, embodiments herein may disclose a network node 12 for handling communication in a wireless communication network, wherein the network node 12 comprises processing circuitry and a memory, the memory comprising instructions executable by the processing circuitry whereby the network node 12 is operative to perform any of the methods herein.
[0118] In some embodiments, a more general term “network node” is used and it can correspond to any type of radio network node or any network node, which communicates with a UE and / or with another network node. Examples of network nodes are NodeB, Master eNB, Secondary eNB, a network node belonging to Master cell group (MCG) or Secondary cell group (SCG) , base station (BS) , multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, eNodeB, network controller, radio-network controller (RNC) , base station controller (BSC) , relay, donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS) , access point (AP) , transmission points, transmission nodes, Remote radio Unit (RRU) , Remote Radio Head (RRH) , nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS) , etc.
[0119] In some embodiments, the non-limiting term wireless device or UE is used and it refers to any type of wireless device communicating with a network node and / or with another wireless device in a cellular or mobile communication system. Examples of UE are IoT capable device, target device, device to device (D2D) UE, proximity capable UE (aka ProSe UE) , machine type UE or UE capable of machine to machine (M2M) communication, Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE) , laptop mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, etc.
[0120] Embodiments are applicable to any RAT or multi-RAT systems, where the wireless device receives and / or transmit signals (e.g. data) e.g. New Radio (NR) , Wi-Fi, Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Global System for Mobile communications / enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (GSM / EDGE) , Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , or Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , just to mention a few possible implementations.
[0121] As will be readily understood by those familiar with communications design, that functions means or circuits may be implemented using digital logic and / or one or more microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other digital hardware. In some embodiments, several or all of the various functions may be implemented together, such as in a single application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or in two or more separate devices with appropriate hardware and / or software interfaces between them. Several of the functions may be implemented on a processor shared with other functional components of a wireless device or network node, for example.
[0122] Alternatively, several of the functional elements of the processing means discussed may be provided through the use of dedicated hardware, while others are provided with hardware for executing software, in association with the appropriate software or firmware. Thus, the term “processor” or “controller” as used herein does not exclusively refer to hardware capable of executing software and may implicitly include, without limitation, digital signal processor (DSP) hardware and / or program or application data. Other hardware, conventional and / or custom, may also be included. Designers of communications devices will appreciate the cost, performance, and maintenance trade-offs inherent in these design choices.
[0123] Fig. 14 shows an example of a communication system QQ100 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0124] In the example, the communication system QQ100 includes a telecommunication network QQ102 that includes an access network QQ104, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network QQ106, which includes one or more core network nodes QQ108. The access network QQ104 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes QQ110a and QQ110b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes QQ110 or network node 12) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points. Moreover, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, a network node, being examples of the entities herein, is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunication network QQ102 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a node in the telecommunication network QQ102 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any node in the telecommunication network QQ102, including one or more network nodes QQ110 and / or core network nodes QQ108.
[0125] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU) , an open distributed unit (O-DU) , an open central unit (O-CU) , including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) , a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp) , or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification) . The network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an A1, F1, W1, E1, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN access node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface defined by the O-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies. The network nodes QQ110 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE) , such as by connecting UEs QQ112a, QQ112b, QQ112c, and QQ112d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs QQ112 or UE 10) to the core network QQ106 over one or more wireless connections.
[0126] Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system QQ100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system QQ100 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0127] The UEs QQ112 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes QQ110 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes QQ110 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs QQ112 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network QQ102 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network QQ102.
[0128] In the depicted example, the core network QQ106 connects the network nodes QQ110 to one or more hosts, such as host QQ116. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network QQ106 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node QQ108) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node QQ108. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0129] The host QQ116 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network QQ104 and / or the telecommunication network QQ102, and may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host QQ116 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
[0130] As a whole, the communication system QQ100 of Fig. 14 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
[0131] In some examples, the telecommunication network QQ102 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network QQ102 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network QQ102. For example, the telecommunications network QQ102 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
[0132] In some examples, the UEs QQ112 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network QQ104 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network QQ104. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
[0133] In the example, the hub QQ114 communicates with the access network QQ104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE QQ112c and / or QQ112d) and network nodes (e.g., network node QQ110b) . In some examples, the hub QQ114 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub QQ114 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network QQ106 for the UEs. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes QQ110, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub QQ114. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub QQ114 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub QQ114 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub QQ114 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
[0134] The hub QQ114 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node QQ110b. The hub QQ114 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub QQ114 and UEs (e.g., UE QQ112c and / or QQ112d) , and between the hub QQ114 and the core network QQ106. In other examples, the hub QQ114 is connected to the core network QQ106 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub QQ114 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network QQ104 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes QQ110 while still connected via the hub QQ114 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub QQ114 may be a dedicated hub –that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node QQ110b. In other embodiments, the hub QQ114 may be a non-dedicated hub –that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node QQ110b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.
[0135] Fig. 15 shows a UE QQ200 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other UEs. Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
[0136] A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
[0137] The UE QQ200 includes processing circuitry QQ202 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ204 to an input / output interface QQ206, a power source QQ208, a memory QQ210, a communication interface QQ212, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in Fig. 15. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
[0138] The processing circuitry QQ202 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory QQ210. The processing circuitry QQ202 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry QQ202 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
[0139] In the example, the input / output interface QQ206 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE QQ200. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
[0140] In some embodiments, the power source QQ208 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used. The power source QQ208 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source QQ208 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE QQ200 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source QQ208. Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source QQ208 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE QQ200 to which power is supplied.
[0141] The memory QQ210 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory QQ210 includes one or more application programs QQ214, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data QQ216. The memory QQ210 may store, for use by the UE QQ200, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
[0142] The memory QQ210 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC) , integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card. ’ The memory QQ210 may allow the UE QQ200 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory QQ210, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
[0143] The processing circuitry QQ202 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface QQ212. The communication interface QQ212 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna QQ222. The communication interface QQ212 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network) . Each transceiver may include a transmitter QQ218 and / or a receiver QQ220 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) . Moreover, the transmitter QQ218 and receiver QQ220 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna QQ222) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
[0144] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface QQ212 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
[0145] Regardless of the type of sensor, a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface QQ212, via a wireless connection to a network node. Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
[0146] As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
[0147] A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) , a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an IoT device comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the UE QQ200 shown in Fig. 15.
[0148] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0149] In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
[0150] Fig. 16 shows a network node QQ300 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) .
[0151] Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
[0152] Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
[0153] The network node QQ300 includes a processing circuitry QQ302, a memory QQ304, a communication interface QQ306, and a power source QQ308. The network node QQ300 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node QQ300 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components) , one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node QQ300 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory QQ304 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna QQ310 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node QQ300 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node QQ300, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node QQ300.
[0154] The processing circuitry QQ302 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node QQ300 components, such as the memory QQ304, to provide network node QQ300 functionality.
[0155] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ302 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ302 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ312 and baseband processing circuitry QQ314. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ312 and the baseband processing circuitry QQ314 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry QQ312 and baseband processing circuitry QQ314 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
[0156] The memory QQ304 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry QQ302. The memory QQ304 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry QQ302 and utilized by the network node QQ300. The memory QQ304 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry QQ302 and / or any data received via the communication interface QQ306. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ302 and memory QQ304 is integrated.
[0157] The communication interface QQ306 is used in wired or wireless communication of signalling and / or data between a network node, access network, and / or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface QQ306 comprises port (s) / terminal (s) QQ316 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface QQ306 also includes radio front-end circuitry QQ318 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna QQ310. Radio front-end circuitry QQ318 comprises filters QQ320 and amplifiers QQ322. The radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may be connected to an antenna QQ310 and processing circuitry QQ302. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna QQ310 and processing circuitry QQ302. The radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters QQ320 and / or amplifiers QQ322. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna QQ310. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna QQ310 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry QQ318. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry QQ302. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.
[0158] In certain alternative embodiments, the network node QQ300 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry QQ318, instead, the processing circuitry QQ302 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna QQ310. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry QQ312 is part of the communication interface QQ306. In still other embodiments, the communication interface QQ306 includes one or more ports or terminals QQ316, the radio front-end circuitry QQ318, and the RF transceiver circuitry QQ312, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface QQ306 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry QQ314, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
[0159] The antenna QQ310 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna QQ310 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry QQ318 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna QQ310 is separate from the network node QQ300 and connectable to the network node QQ300 through an interface or port.
[0160] The antenna QQ310, communication interface QQ306, and / or the processing circuitry QQ302 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and / or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna QQ310, the communication interface QQ306, and / or the processing circuitry QQ302 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.
[0161] The power source QQ308 provides power to the various components of network node QQ300 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source QQ308 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node QQ300 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node QQ300 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source QQ308. As a further example, the power source QQ308 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
[0162] Embodiments of the network node QQ300 may include additional components beyond those shown in Fig. 16 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node QQ300 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node QQ300 and to allow output of information from the network node QQ300. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node QQ300.
[0163] Fig. 17 is a block diagram of a host QQ400, which may be an embodiment of the host QQ116 of Fig. 14, in accordance with various aspects described herein. As used herein, the host QQ400 may be or comprise various combinations hardware and / or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm. The host QQ400 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.
[0164] The host QQ400 includes processing circuitry QQ402 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ404 to an input / output interface QQ406, a network interface QQ408, a power source QQ410, and a memory QQ412. Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as Fig. 15 and 16, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host QQ400.
[0165] The memory QQ412 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs QQ414 and data QQ416, which may include user data, e.g., data generated by a UE for the host QQ400 or data generated by the host QQ400 for a UE. Embodiments of the host QQ400 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown. The host application programs QQ414 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC) , High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) , Advanced Video Coding (AVC) , MPEG, VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) , MPEG, G. 711) , including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems) . The host application programs QQ414 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host QQ400 may select and / or indicate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE. The host application programs QQ414 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) , Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) , Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) , etc.
[0166] Fig. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment QQ500 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments QQ500 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host) , then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment QQ500 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface.
[0167] Applications QQ502 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
[0168] Hardware QQ504 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers QQ506 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VMs QQ508a and QQ508b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs QQ508) , and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer QQ506 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs QQ508.
[0169] The VMs QQ508 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer QQ506. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance QQ502 may be implemented on one or more of VMs QQ508, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) . NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
[0170] In the context of NFV, a VM QQ508 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs QQ508, and that part of hardware QQ504 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs QQ508 on top of the hardware QQ504 and corresponds to the application QQ502.
[0171] Hardware QQ504 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware QQ504 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware QQ504 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration QQ510, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications QQ502. In some embodiments, hardware QQ504 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signalling can be provided with the use of a control system QQ512 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
[0172] Fig. 19 shows a communication diagram of a host QQ602 communicating via a network node QQ604 with a UE QQ606 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments. Example implementations, in accordance with various embodiments, of the UE (such as a UE QQ112a of Figure 14 and / or UE QQ200 of Figure 15) , network node (such as network node QQ110a of Figure 14 and / or network node QQ300 of Figure 16) , and host (such as host QQ116 of Figure 14 and / or host QQ400 of Figure 17) discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to Figure 19.
[0173] Like host QQ400, embodiments of host QQ602 include hardware, such as a communication interface, processing circuitry, and memory. The host QQ602 also includes software, which is stored in or accessible by the host QQ602 and executable by the processing circuitry. The software includes a host application that may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as the UE QQ606 connecting via an over-the-top (OTT) connection QQ650 extending between the UE QQ606 and host QQ602. In providing the service to the remote user, a host application may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection QQ650.
[0174] The network node QQ604 includes hardware enabling it to communicate with the host QQ602 and UE QQ606. The connection QQ660 may be direct or pass through a core network (like core network QQ106 of Figure 14) and / or one or more other intermediate networks, such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks. For example, an intermediate network may be a backbone network or the Internet.
[0175] The UE QQ606 includes hardware and software, which is stored in or accessible by UE QQ606 and executable by the UE’s processing circuitry. The software includes a client application, such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE QQ606 with the support of the host QQ602. In the host QQ602, an executing host application may communicate with the executing client application via the OTT connection QQ650 terminating at the UE QQ606 and host QQ602. In providing the service to the user, the UE's client application may receive request data from the host's host application and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection QQ650 may transfer both the request data and the user data. The UE's client application may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides to the host application through the OTT connection QQ650.
[0176] The OTT connection QQ650 may extend via a connection QQ660 between the host QQ602 and the network node QQ604 and via a wireless connection QQ670 between the network node QQ604 and the UE QQ606 to provide the connection between the host QQ602 and the UE QQ606. The connection QQ660 and wireless connection QQ670, over which the OTT connection QQ650 may be provided, have been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host QQ602 and the UE QQ606 via the network node QQ604, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices.
[0177] As an example of transmitting data via the OTT connection QQ650, in step QQ608, the host QQ602 provides user data, which may be performed by executing a host application. In some embodiments, the user data is associated with a particular human user interacting with the UE QQ606. In other embodiments, the user data is associated with a UE QQ606 that shares data with the host QQ602 without explicit human interaction. In step QQ610, the host QQ602 initiates a transmission carrying the user data towards the UE QQ606. The host QQ602 may initiate the transmission responsive to a request transmitted by the UE QQ606. The request may be caused by human interaction with the UE QQ606 or by operation of the client application executing on the UE QQ606. The transmission may pass via the network node QQ604, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. Accordingly, in step QQ612, the network node QQ604 transmits to the UE QQ606 the user data that was carried in the transmission that the host QQ602 initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step QQ614, the UE QQ606 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application executed on the UE QQ606 associated with the host application executed by the host QQ602.
[0178] In some examples, the UE QQ606 executes a client application which provides user data to the host QQ602. The user data may be provided in reaction or response to the data received from the host QQ602. Accordingly, in step QQ616, the UE QQ606 may provide user data, which may be performed by executing the client application. In providing the user data, the client application may further consider user input received from the user via an input / output interface of the UE QQ606. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE QQ606 initiates, in step QQ618, transmission of the user data towards the host QQ602 via the network node QQ604. In step QQ620, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the network node QQ604 receives user data from the UE QQ606 and initiates transmission of the received user data towards the host QQ602. In step QQ622, the host QQ602 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the UE QQ606.
[0179] One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE QQ606 using the OTT connection QQ650, in which the wireless connection QQ670 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve the beam selection and thereby provide benefits such as reduced user waiting time, better energy savings, better responsiveness or similar.
[0180] In an example scenario, factory status information may be collected and analyzed by the host QQ602. As another example, the host QQ602 may process audio and video data which may have been retrieved from a UE for use in creating maps. As another example, the host QQ602 may collect and analyze real-time data to assist in controlling vehicle congestion (e.g., controlling traffic lights) . As another example, the host QQ602 may store surveillance video uploaded by a UE. As another example, the host QQ602 may store or control access to media content such as video, audio, VR or AR which it can broadcast, multicast or unicast to UEs. As other examples, the host QQ602 may be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time critical electrical load to balance power generation needs, location services, presentation services (such as compiling diagrams etc. from data collected from remote devices) , or any other function of collecting, retrieving, storing, analyzing and / or transmitting data.
[0181] In some examples, a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection QQ650 between the host QQ602 and UE QQ606, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and / or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection may be implemented in software and hardware of the host QQ602 and / or UE QQ606. In some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with other devices through which the OTT connection QQ650 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of the OTT connection QQ650 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not directly alter the operation of the network node QQ604. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signalling that facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like, by the host QQ602. The measurements may be implemented in that software causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection QQ650 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc.
[0182] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
[0183] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.
[0184] It will be appreciated that the foregoing description and the accompanying drawings represent non-limiting examples of the methods and apparatus taught herein. As such, the apparatus and techniques taught herein are not limited by the foregoing description and accompanying drawings. Instead, the embodiments herein are limited only by the following claims and their legal equivalents.
Claims
1.A method performed by a network node (12) for handling communication of a user equipment, UE, (10) in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:- applying (601) a phase ramping procedure to a set of reference or control signals;- mapping (602) the phase ramped set of reference or control signals to one or more beams, wherein the one or more beams will be transmitted from a number of physical antenna ports; and- transmitting (603) the one or more beams comprising the mapped phase ramped set of reference or control signals.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more beams are formed in a weighting process designed according to a form factor of an antenna array.3.The method according to claim 2, wherein the one or more beams are formed using an entire physical antenna array or a part of the physical antenna array.4.The method according to any of the claims 1-3, further comprising- receiving (604) a feedback indication from the UE (10) , and- determining (605) a spatial direction to where the UE is located based on the feedback indication and the phase ramping procedure.5.The method according to any of the claims 1-4, wherein applying (601) the phase ramping procedure comprises adding a phase shift vector to the set of reference or control signals.6.The method according to any of the claims 1-5, wherein applying (601) the phase ramping procedure comprises adding a phase shift vector to a first polarization of the set of reference or control signals, and to a second polarization of the set of reference or control signals.7.The method according to any of the claims 1-6, wherein mapping (602) the phase ramped set of reference or control signals to the one or more beams comprises adding a beamforming matrix to the the phase ramped set of reference or control signals forming streams of the phase ramped set of reference or control signals and transferring the streams to physical antenna branches of an antenna array to construct the beam pointing to a spatial direction.8.The method according to any of the claims 1-7, wherein each port of the set of reference or control signals is mapped to all physical antenna branches of an antenna array.9.The method according to any of the claims 1-8, wherein the phase ramping procedure is configured to form a virtual antenna array of a set format.10.The method according to claim 9, wherein one or more virtual directions created by the applied phase ramping procedure and one or more physical beam directions are the same.11.The method according to any of the claims 1-10, wherein adding (601) the phase ramping procedure comprises applying a phase shift ramping up between reference signals in the set of reference or control signals forming a phase ramp plane across a virtual array area.12.A network node (12) for handling communication of a user equipment, UE, (10) in a wireless communication network, wherein the network node (12) is configured to:apply a phase ramping procedure to a set of reference or control signals;map the phase ramped set of reference or control signals to one or more beams, wherein the one or more beams will be transmitted from a number of physical antenna ports; andtransmit the one or more beams comprising the mapped phase ramped set of reference or control signals.13.The network node (12) according to claim 12, wherein the one or more beams are formed in a weighting process designed according to a form factor of an antenna array.14.The network node (12) according to claim 13, wherein the one or more beams are formed using an entire physical antenna array or a part of the physical antenna array.15.The network node (12) according to any of the claims 12-14, wherein the network node (12) is configured to:receive a feedback indication from the UE (10) , anddetermine a spatial direction to where the UE is located based on the feedback indication and the phase ramping procedure.16.The network node (12) according to any of the claims 12-15, wherein the network node (12) is configured to apply the phase ramping procedure by adding a phase shift vector to the set of reference or control signals.17.The network node (12) according to any of the claims 12-16, wherein the network node (12) is configured to apply the phase ramping procedure by adding a phase shift vector to a first polarization of the set of reference or control signals, and to a second polarization of the set of reference or control signals.18.The network node (12) according to any of the claims 12-17, wherein the network node (12) is configured to map the phase ramped set of reference or control signals to the one or more beams by adding a beamforming matrix to the the phase ramped set of reference or control signals forming streams of the phase ramped set of reference or control signals and transferring the streams to physical antenna branches of an antenna array to construct the beam pointing to a spatial direction.19.The network node (12) according to any of the claims 12-18, wherein the network node is configured to map each port of the set of reference or control signals to all physical antenna branches of an antenna array.20.The network node (12) according to any of the claims 12-19, wherein the phase ramping procedure is configured to form a virtual antenna array of a set format.21.The network node (12) according to claim 20, wherein one or more virtual directions created by the applied phase ramping procedure and one or more physical beam directions are the same.22.The method according to any of the claims 12-21, wherein the network node is configured to apply the phase ramping procedure by applying a phase shift ramping up between reference signals in the set of reference or control signals forming a phase ramp plane across a virtual array area.23.A computer program product comprising instructions, which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the method according to any of the claims 1-11, as performed by the network node (12) .24.A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the method according to any of the claims 1-11, as performed by the network node (12) .
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