Apparatus and method for rapid testing of ground stress of tunnel

Abstract

An apparatus for rapid testing of ground stress of a tunnel, the apparatus comprising: at least one acoustic-wave emitting apparatus (1), which is arranged at a set position in a first exploration hole, wherein the acoustic-wave emitting apparatuses (1) are connected in sequence by means of a signal transmission line (7), and the signal transmission line (7) is connected to a wave velocity measurement apparatus (12); and a plurality of acoustic-wave receiving apparatuses (2), which are respectively arranged at set positions in a second exploration hole, wherein the acoustic-wave receiving apparatuses (2) are connected in sequence by means of a signal transmission line (7), the signal transmission line (7) is connected to the wave velocity measurement apparatus (12), upper and lower sides of each acoustic-wave emitting apparatus (1) and upper and lower sides of each acoustic-wave receiving apparatus (2) are each connected to a telescopic electric motor (8), each telescopic electric motor is connected to a coupling piece (9), and by adjusting the telescopic lengths of the telescopic electric motors (8), the coupling pieces (9) can be closely attached to upper and lower hole walls. By means of the apparatus, reception waves from different positions and in different directions can be obtained without the need for moving acoustic-wave receiving apparatuses, thereby preventing the acoustic-wave receiving apparatuses from being blocked by falling blocks in holes, and avoiding damage to the acoustic-wave receiving apparatuses that is caused by hole collapse. Further disclosed is a method for rapid testing of ground stress of a tunnel.

Description

A tunnel ground stress rapid testing device and method

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This invention claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202311143217.3 filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on September 6, 2023, entitled “A device and method for rapid testing of tunnel ground stress”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this invention and constitute a part of this invention for all purposes. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel ground stress testing, and in particular to a tunnel ground stress rapid testing device and method. Background Art

[0004] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0005] In recent years, hydropower tunnels, transportation tunnels, energy mining, roadways, etc. have gradually developed deeper underground. The geological conditions and construction environment are extremely complex, and engineering construction faces severe challenges from high ground stress.

[0006] Geostress refers to the stress in underground rock formations, primarily consisting of the self-weight stress caused by the weight of the overlying rock and the tectonic stress caused by geological tectonic processes. Self-weight stress σv = γZ, where γ is the specific gravity of the overlying rock and Z is the vertical depth.

[0007] With the deepening of resource extraction and geotechnical engineering, the depth and scale of disturbances caused by human engineering activities are increasing. Geostress will increase with depth, and its impact on project construction and operation will become more pronounced. Due to the irreversibility of restoration of deformation and damage, geostress should be fully measured before construction to determine the magnitude, direction, and distribution of the geostress field in the surrounding rock. This will provide a basis for the design of the cross-sectional shape and size of the underground space, the main axis direction, the excavation steps, the support form, support structure, and support time.

[0008] Currently, commonly used geostress testing methods include hydraulic fracturing, casing stress relief, and acoustic geostress testing. Hydraulic fracturing and casing stress relief require strict environmental conditions, are expensive, and are difficult to implement on-site, failing to meet tight construction deadlines. Acoustic geostress testing, on the other hand, is gaining increasing attention due to its wide applicability, ease of operation, low cost, and high efficiency.

[0009] The acoustic wave geostress testing method primarily states that the acoustic parameters of sound waves propagating through rock media are functions of stress. Geostress and acoustic wave velocity have a certain correspondence. The acoustic wave ellipsoid at a point in the rock mass is consistent with the stress ellipsoid at that point. The direction of maximum stress, where fewer macroscopic and microscopic cracks exist and the rock is denser, has the highest velocity; conversely, the direction of maximum stress has the lowest velocity. Therefore, geostress can be indirectly measured using acoustic wave velocity.

[0010] However, the current acoustic ground stress testing method has the following disadvantages:

[0011] (1) When using wave velocity testing equipment to measure the wave velocity between holes, the transducer needs to move in the hole. When the surrounding rock quality is poor, the hole wall may collapse. Especially when the transducer has been placed in the hole, tiny pieces of debris may cause the transducer to get stuck, affecting the movement of the transducer and even causing the transducer to be buried in the hole.

[0012] (2) Since the transducer needs to be coupled with water in the hole, when testing the wave velocity between holes, if there are many cracks in the hole wall, the transducer cannot better couple with the hole wall; especially when measuring the wave velocity between holes of horizontal holes, due to the need for water injection, the hole will tilt downward at a certain angle, affecting the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0013] (3) When receiving sound waves, traditional transducers need to be pulled by hand to measure the wave velocity between holes at different positions. First, the movement affects the measurement accuracy. Second, when using a depth counter, a tripod needs to be carried for measurement, which affects construction in the narrow space in the tunnel. The portability and scalability of the equipment are very poor.

[0014] Summary of the Invention

[0015] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a tunnel ground stress rapid testing device and method, which can not only prevent tunnel collapse, but also be applicable to horizontal fissure holes without affecting construction. It has certain portability and scalability and can be applied to complex underground engineering environments.

[0016] In some embodiments, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0017] A tunnel ground stress rapid testing device, comprising:

[0018] At least one sound wave emitting device is arranged at a set position of the first exploration hole; each sound wave emitting device is sequentially connected by a signal transmission line, and the signal transmission line is connected to the wave velocity testing device;

[0019] A plurality of sound wave receiving devices are respectively arranged at set positions of the second exploration hole; the sound wave receiving devices are sequentially connected by signal transmission lines, and the signal transmission lines are connected to the wave velocity testing device;

[0020] The upper and lower sides of each sound wave transmitting device and sound wave receiving device are respectively connected to telescopic motors, and the telescopic motors are connected to coupling pieces. By adjusting the telescopic length of the telescopic motors, the coupling pieces can be closely attached to the upper and lower hole walls.

[0021] The acoustic wave emitting devices are installed within the sound insulation protective tubes, with one or more acoustic wave emitting devices installed within each sound insulation protective tube. Openings are provided on the sound insulation protective tubes at locations corresponding to the coupling plates. Adjacent sound insulation protective tubes are connected via matching bolts. The end of the sound insulation protective tube near the innermost end of the first exploration hole is hemispherical, while the end of the sound insulation protective tube near the outermost end of the first exploration hole is connected to a cable connector. The signal transmission line is connected to the wave velocity testing device via the cable connector.

[0022] The sound wave receiving device is disposed within the sound insulation protective tube, with one or more sound wave receiving devices disposed within each sound insulation protective tube. Openings are provided on the sound insulation protective tube at locations corresponding to the coupling plates. Adjacent sound insulation protective tubes are connected via matching bolts. The end of the sound insulation protective tube near the innermost end of the second exploration hole is hemispherical, while the end of the sound insulation protective tube near the outermost end of the second exploration hole is connected to a cable connector. The signal transmission line is connected to the wave velocity test device via the cable connector.

[0023] Controlling the sound wave emitting device at a set position of the first exploration hole to emit sound waves, the sound waves are transmitted to the wall of the first exploration hole through the coupling piece connected to the sound wave emitting device, and then pass through the wall of the second exploration hole and the coupling piece connected to the sound wave receiving device to be received by the sound wave receiving devices at various positions of the second exploration hole;

[0024] After receiving the sound waves, each sound wave receiving device transmits them to the wave velocity testing device respectively; the wave velocity testing device performs fitting analysis on the sound wave signals received at different positions to obtain the wave velocity in different directions, and then calculates the ground stress at the set position.

[0025] In other embodiments, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0026] A method for rapid testing of tunnel ground stress, comprising:

[0027] Determine the number of acoustic wave transmitting devices and acoustic wave receiving devices required according to the depth of the exploration hole, and connect the acoustic wave transmitting devices and acoustic wave receiving devices to the transmitting channel and receiving channel of the wave velocity testing device respectively through signal lines;

[0028] The sound wave transmitting device and the sound wave receiving device are respectively fixed in the sound insulation protection tube and sent to the set positions in the first exploration hole and the second exploration hole;

[0029] Controlling the telescopic motor connected to the sound wave transmitting device and the sound wave receiving device to extend and retract, so that the coupling piece connected to the telescopic motor passes through the sound insulation protection tube and couples with the hole wall;

[0030] The sound wave transmitting device at a set position in the first exploration hole is controlled to excite sound waves, and all sound wave receiving devices at different positions in the second exploration hole receive the sound waves. The wave velocity data from the sound wave transmitting device to different sound wave receiving devices is measured and stored.

[0031] Based on the measured sound wave propagation velocity data of sound waves emitted to different sound wave receiving positions, a velocity ellipse of the sound wave emission point is drawn. The directions of the major and minor axes of the ellipse represent the directions of the maximum and minimum principal stresses in the rock mass. A calibration test is carried out on the relationship between the sound wave propagation velocity and the magnitude of the ground stress. According to the calibration results, the stress state in the rock mass is determined from the measured velocity ellipse.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) The present invention arranges the acoustic wave transmitting device and the acoustic wave receiving device at different positions. During the ground stress test, the receiving waves at different positions and directions can be obtained without moving the acoustic wave receiving device. The obstruction of the acoustic wave receiving device by falling blocks in the hole and the damage to the acoustic wave receiving device by the collapsed hole are avoided. The invention can be used for ground stress testing in complex formations.

[0034] (2) The sound wave transmitting device and the sound wave receiving device of the present invention are both provided with a telescopic motor, which is connected to a coupling plate. By controlling the telescopic movement of the telescopic motor, the coupling plate can be closely fitted to the hole wall. There is no need to inject water into the hole to achieve full coupling between the sound wave transmitting device or the sound wave receiving device and the hole wall. The device will not be affected by cracks in the hole wall, and there is no need to tilt the probe hole. The wave velocity of the horizontal hole can be accurately measured, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0035] (3) The sound wave transmitting device and the sound wave receiving device of the present invention are both arranged in a sound insulation protective tube. The sound insulation protective tube can prevent damage to the equipment caused by the collapse of the hole and play a protective role. At the same time, it can isolate the sound waves from propagating on the surface of the instrument, so that the sound waves are completely transmitted to the hole wall through the coupling plate and then completely received by the sound wave receiving device. Adjacent sound insulation protective tubes can be connected by matching bolts. Therefore, multiple sound insulation protective tubes can be cascaded according to the number of required sound wave transmitting devices or sound wave receiving devices. The end of the protective tube close to the innermost end of the exploration hole is set to a hemispherical shape, which can reduce the resistance of the equipment entering the hole.

[0036] Other features and advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will become obvious from the following description or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunnel ground stress rapid testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the telescopic motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the sound insulation protection tubes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Among them, 1. Transducer, 2. Detector, 3. Transducer sound insulation protection tube, 4. Detector sound insulation protection tube, 5. Male bolt, 6. Female bolt, 7. Signal transmission line, 8. Telescopic motor, 9. Coupling plate, 10. Cable connector, 11. Cable reel, 12. Wave velocity tester. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0042] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] In one or more embodiments, a tunnel ground stress rapid testing device is disclosed, which, in conjunction with FIG1 , specifically includes:

[0045] (1) at least one acoustic wave emitting device is arranged at a set position of the first exploration hole; each acoustic wave emitting device is sequentially connected by a signal transmission line 7, and the signal transmission line 7 is connected to the emission channel of the wave velocity testing device;

[0046] The upper and lower sides of each sound wave emitting device are respectively connected to a telescopic motor 8, and the telescopic motor 8 is connected to a coupling piece 9 through a telescopic rod; by adjusting the length of the telescopic rod of the telescopic motor 8, the coupling piece 9 can be closely attached to the upper and lower hole walls.

[0047] In this embodiment, the sound wave emitting device is specifically a transducer 1. After receiving the signal from the wave velocity tester 12, the transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, and then converts it into sound energy to emit sound waves.

[0048] There can be one or more transducers, and their placement is selected based on test requirements. Referring to Figure 1 , each transducer 1 is disposed within a transducer sound insulation protective tube 3. Telescopic motors 8 are connected to the upper and lower sides of the exterior of the transducer 1. Referring to Figure 2 , the top of the telescopic rod of the telescopic motor 8 is connected to a ring-shaped coupling plate 9. An opening is provided on the transducer sound insulation protective tube 3 at a position corresponding to the coupling plate 9. Driven by the telescopic motor 8, the coupling plate 9 can extend from the opening or retract into the sound insulation protective tube. The telescopic motor 8 can drive the coupling plate 9 to move away from the transducer 1 until it is completely in contact with the wall of the first exploration hole, thereby coupling the transducer 1 with the wall of the first exploration hole.

[0049] This embodiment ensures that the transducer 1 is fully coupled to the wall of the first exploration hole by disposing the telescopic motor 8 and the coupling piece 9, is not affected by cracks, and does not need to inject water into the exploration hole, thereby ensuring the horizontal setting of the first exploration hole.

[0050] Referring to Figure 3, two adjacent transducer sound insulation protection tubes 3 are connected by a matching male and female bolts 5 and 6. The male bolt 5 has a circular groove at its center, while the female bolt 6 has a cylindrical protrusion at its center. The connection between the male and female bolts 5 and 6 enables signal transmission between the two adjacent sound insulation protection tubes. The end of the transducer sound insulation protection tube 3 near the outermost end of the first probe hole is connected to a cable connector. The signal transmission line 7 is connected to a cable reel via the cable connector, which is then connected to the wave velocity test device. The transducer sound insulation protection tube 3 and the cable connector are also connected by matching male and female bolts 5 and 6.

[0051] This embodiment allows for the cascade connection of multiple transducer sound insulation protection tubes 3 as needed, making assembly and disassembly easy. The transducer 1 is housed within the sound insulation protection tube, providing excellent protection. Furthermore, the sound insulation protection tube, as a single unit, is easily movable within the manhole, unaffected by dropped objects or collapsed holes. The end of the sound insulation protection tube near the innermost end of the first manhole is hemispherical, minimizing resistance to equipment entering the manhole.

[0052] (2) a plurality of sound wave receiving devices, each disposed at a set position of the second probe hole; each sound wave receiving device is sequentially connected via a signal transmission line 7, and the signal transmission line 7 is connected to a receiving channel of a wave velocity testing device;

[0053] In this embodiment, the sound wave receiving device is specifically a detector 2, which converts sound energy into mechanical energy, and then into electrical energy, and transmits the signal to the wave velocity tester 12 for data processing.

[0054] Each acoustic wave receiving device is connected to a telescopic motor 8 on the upper and lower sides, respectively. Telescopic motor 8 is connected to coupling plate 9 via a telescopic rod. Adjusting the length of the telescopic rod of telescopic motor 8 allows the coupling plate 9 to adhere closely to the upper and lower hole walls. The structure, function, and connection method of telescopic motor 8 are the same as those described above and will not be described in detail.

[0055] Multiple geophones are typically installed, positioned at different locations within the second borehole. During testing, each geophone 2 receives sound waves, detecting sound waves in different directions. Two or three geophones 2 are placed within a geophone sound insulation protective tube 4, though the specific number is determined based on need. The geophone sound insulation protective tube 4 has openings corresponding to the coupling plate 9. Driven by a telescopic motor 8, the coupling plate 9 can be extended or retracted from the openings within the sound insulation protective tube. The telescopic motor 8 drives the coupling plate 9 away from the transducer 1 until it fully engages the wall of the second borehole, coupling the geophone 2 to the wall and allowing for full sound wave reception.

[0056] Two adjacent geophone sound insulation protective tubes 4 are connected by matching male and female bolts 5 and 6. The end of the geophone sound insulation protective tube 4 near the outermost end of the second exploration hole is connected to a cable connector. The signal transmission line 7 is connected to the cable reel through the cable connector, and the cable reel is connected to the wave velocity test device. The geophone sound insulation protective tube 4 and the cable connector are also connected by matching male and female bolts 5 and 6.

[0057] In this embodiment, the first exploration hole and the second exploration hole are both horizontal exploration holes, which can fully ensure the accuracy of the test results.

[0058] (3) Wave velocity testing device. In this embodiment, the wave velocity testing device is a wave velocity tester 12; the wave velocity tester 12 can control the telescopic motor 8 to couple with the hole wall, transmit a signal through the transmitting channel to excite the transducer 1 to emit sound waves, and all the detectors 2 at different positions in another exploration hole receive the sound waves and transmit the signal to the wave velocity tester 12 through the receiving channel to measure the wave velocity in the direction from the transducer 1 to different detectors 2. At the same time, the wave velocity tester 12 has waveform and wave train display, automatic positioning function of the transducer 1 and the detector 2, and stores data in the form of wave trains.

[0059] After the sound wave propagation velocity from the emission point to each receiving point is measured by the wave velocity tester 12, the data is exported, the wave velocity vector data at different positions are sorted, and the velocity ellipse of the emission point is drawn. The directions of the major and minor axes of the ellipse represent the directions of the maximum and minimum principal stresses in the rock mass. Finally, a calibration test is performed on the relationship between the sound wave propagation velocity and the magnitude of the ground stress. According to the calibration results, the stress magnitude of the sound wave emission point in the rock mass is determined by the measured velocity ellipse.

[0060] During the specific implementation of this embodiment, an area with relatively simple lithology and structure in the test area is selected to determine the layout plan of the borehole and the test depth. The number of sections that need to be assembled for the transducer 1 and the detector 2 is determined according to the depth of the borehole, and the sound insulation protection tube is connected. If the length is insufficient, the sound insulation protection tube is continued to be added until the depth requirement is met. Then, the transducer 1 and the detector 2 are laid out in the hole respectively. A cable connector 10 is used to connect the center rod and the cable drum 11, and then the cable drum 11 is connected to the wave velocity tester 12; the wave velocity tester 12 is used to control the telescopic motor 8 to couple with the hole wall, and then the transducer 1 is controlled to emit sound waves in the first exploration hole. The detectors 2 at different positions in the second exploration hole receive the sound waves, and the wave velocity at different positions is measured. The ground stress is tested using the acoustic ground stress test method.

[0061] The present invention has a simple structure and is easy to operate. The telescopic motor 8 can not only realize the dry coupling of the transducer 1, the detector 2 and the hole wall, but also ensure the horizontality of the hole in the horizontal hole wave velocity test, thereby improving the accuracy of the ground stress wave velocity test results; the sound insulation protection tube can isolate the sound waves from propagating on the instrument surface and prevent equipment damage caused by hole collapse; the existence of the center rod allows the equipment to adjust the length according to different hole depths; the cable connector 10 is extremely flexible and can determine whether the transducer 1 center rod is suitable according to the quality of the rock properties of the test hole, thereby greatly reducing the measurement time. As a whole, the equipment can adapt to more extremely complex environments and improve the accuracy of the ground stress test results.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] In one or more embodiments, a method for rapid testing of tunnel ground stress is disclosed, specifically comprising:

[0064] Determine the number of acoustic wave transmitting devices and acoustic wave receiving devices required according to the depth of the exploration hole, and connect the acoustic wave transmitting devices and acoustic wave receiving devices to the transmitting channel and receiving channel of the wave velocity testing device respectively through signal lines;

[0065] The sound wave transmitting device and the sound wave receiving device are respectively fixed in the sound insulation protection tube and sent to the set positions in the first exploration hole and the second exploration hole;

[0066] Control the telescopic motor 8 connected to the sound wave transmitting device and the sound wave receiving device to extend and retract, so that the coupling piece 9 connected to the telescopic motor 8 passes through the sound insulation protection tube and couples with the hole wall;

[0067] The sound wave transmitting device at a set position in the first exploration hole is controlled to excite sound waves, and all sound wave receiving devices at different positions in the second exploration hole receive the sound waves. The wave velocity data from the sound wave transmitting device to different sound wave receiving devices is measured and stored.

[0068] Based on the measured sound wave propagation velocity data of sound waves emitted to different sound wave receiving positions, a velocity ellipse of the sound wave emission point is drawn. The directions of the major and minor axes of the ellipse represent the directions of the maximum and minimum principal stresses in the rock mass. A calibration test is carried out on the relationship between the sound wave propagation velocity and the magnitude of the ground stress. According to the calibration results, the stress state in the rock mass is determined from the measured velocity ellipse.

[0069] Although the above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without any creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel ground stress rapid testing device, characterized in that: include: At least one sound wave emitting device is arranged at a set position of the first exploration hole; The sound wave emitting devices are connected in sequence through signal transmission lines, and the signal transmission lines are connected to the wave speed testing device; A plurality of sound wave receiving devices are respectively arranged at set positions of the second exploration hole; each sound wave receiving device is sequentially connected through a signal transmission line, and the signal transmission line is connected to the wave velocity testing device; The upper and lower sides of each sound wave transmitting device and sound wave receiving device are respectively connected to telescopic motors, and the telescopic motors are connected to coupling plates; by adjusting the telescopic length of the telescopic motors, the coupling plates can be closely attached to the upper and lower hole walls.

2. A tunnel ground stress rapid testing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The sound wave emitting device is arranged in the sound insulation protection tube, and one or more sound wave emitting devices are arranged in each sound insulation protection tube; and an opening is arranged at a position corresponding to the coupling piece on the sound insulation protection tube.

3. A tunnel ground stress rapid testing device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Two adjacent sound insulation protection tubes are connected by matching bolts; the end of the sound insulation protection tube near the innermost end of the first exploration hole is hemispherical, and the end of the sound insulation protection tube near the outermost end of the first exploration hole is connected to the cable connector, and the signal transmission line is connected to the wave speed testing device through the cable connector.

4. A tunnel ground stress rapid testing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The sound wave receiving device is arranged in the sound insulation protection tube, and one or more sound wave receiving devices are arranged in each sound insulation protection tube; and an opening is arranged at a position corresponding to the coupling piece on the sound insulation protection tube.

5. A tunnel ground stress rapid testing device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: Two adjacent sound insulation protection tubes are connected by matching bolts; the end of the sound insulation protection tube near the innermost end of the second exploration hole is hemispherical, and the end of the sound insulation protection tube near the outermost end of the second exploration hole is connected to the cable connector, and the signal transmission line is connected to the wave speed testing device through the cable connector.

6. A tunnel ground stress rapid testing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The first exploration hole and the second exploration hole are both exploration holes in the horizontal direction.

7. A tunnel ground stress rapid testing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Controlling a sound wave transmitting device at a certain set position of the first exploration hole to emit a sound wave, wherein the sound wave is transmitted to the wall of the first exploration hole through a coupling plate connected to the sound wave transmitting device, and is received by the sound wave receiving devices at various positions of the second exploration hole through the wall of the second exploration hole and the coupling plate connected to the sound wave receiving device; After receiving the sound waves, each sound wave receiving device transmits them to the wave velocity testing device respectively; the wave velocity testing device performs fitting analysis on the sound wave signals received at different positions to obtain the wave velocity magnitudes in different directions, and then calculates the ground stress at the set position.

8. A method for rapid testing of tunnel geostress, characterized in that: include: Determine the number of required sound wave transmitting devices and sound wave receiving devices according to the depth of the exploration hole, and connect the sound wave transmitting devices and the sound wave receiving devices to the transmitting channel and the receiving channel of the wave velocity testing device respectively through signal lines; At least one sound wave transmitting device and a plurality of sound wave receiving devices are fixed in the sound insulation protection tube respectively, and sent to the set positions in the first exploration hole and the second exploration hole; Control the telescopic motor connected to the sound wave transmitting device and the sound wave receiving device to extend and retract, so that the coupling piece connected to the telescopic motor passes through the sound insulation protection tube and couples with the hole wall; The sound wave transmitting device at a set position in the first exploration hole is controlled to excite the sound wave, and all the sound wave receiving devices at different positions in the second exploration hole receive the sound wave, and the wave speed data from the sound wave transmitting device to the different sound wave receiving devices is measured and stored.

9. A method for rapid testing of tunnel geostress according to claim 8, characterized in that: Based on the measured sound wave propagation velocity data of sound waves emitted to different sound wave receiving positions, a velocity ellipse of the sound wave emission point is drawn. The directions of the major and minor axes of the ellipse represent the directions of the maximum and minimum principal stresses in the rock mass. A calibration test is carried out on the relationship between the sound wave propagation velocity and the magnitude of the ground stress, and the stress state in the rock mass is determined from the measured velocity ellipse according to the calibration results.

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