Integral prefabricated panels for wind resistance stress bracing of a construction system

Abstract

The present invention relates to prefabricated panels comprising a central element with a semi-hexagonal folded metal sheet (2) along the panel (1) and on itself at the ends; a structural framework (3) formed by vertical and diagonal profiles making up an inner reinforcement truss with a plurality of round bars arranged at the corners of the sheet (2); a coating (4) for the inner (6) and outer (7) faces; thermal and acoustic insulation elements between the sheet (2) and the inner (6) and outer (7) faces; metal plates attached on each side of the panels (1) to join panels (1); a joining element (8) that allows the plates to be fitted to a second panel (1); an extension (9) of the inner sheet of the panel located at the top and bottom of the panel (1); and a recess in the horizontal panels to consolidate the construction assembly.

Description

[0001] INTEGRAL PREFABRICATED PANELS FOR BRACING THE CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM TO WIND RESISTANCE STRENGTHS

[0002] DESCRIPTION

[0003] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The present invention discloses a prefabricated panel for wind bracing that incorporates a central resistant element formed from a folded metal sheet, which can be made of steel, lacquered iron, or baked, where said sheet is folded in a semi-hexagonal shape along the panel and on itself at the ends, such that a larger resistant section is generated at the ends of the panel (1). In addition, it includes a framework of structural tube (3) formed by vertical and diagonal profiles composing an internal reinforcement truss to resist wind stresses, according to the needs of each design or project that allows it to be adapted according to the specific needs, depending on the project to be executed. One of the advantages of the panel is that it allows joining with similar panels by means of a tongue and groove type joining element that allows the plates to fit into a second similar panel-

[0005] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0006] The construction of buildings using panels is currently well-known. The panels can be used to form the walls, ceiling, or floor of a building to be constructed and can be provided with different materials and structures to suit their purpose. In order to improve construction techniques, different solutions have been proposed, such as the one described in European patent document EP462790, which discloses a system comprising rooms formed from prefabricated room units, in which the units include walls and a roof. The room units are arranged in a row, with each row having adjacent pairs of room units, and where each pair of units is a structural mirror image of one another. Even though the elements are prefabricated, there is still much work to be done on the interior before the building can be ready for use as, for example, a hotel.

[0007] There is currently a need in the construction industry for low-cost, durable, and easy-to-install prefabricated wall panels. Many of the disadvantages of prefabricated wall panels are that they are not strong or stable enough without additional structural support.

[0008] To overcome some of these shortcomings, precast concrete walls were developed. However, precast concrete walls are generally not very aesthetically pleasing and have poor thermal insulation characteristics.

[0009] To overcome the poor heat transfer characteristics of prior art wall panels, insulation is required. Some types of insulation that have been used include foam insulation, which is sprayed between an interior and exterior wall, and fiberglass insulation, which comes in long sheets and is placed inside the interior wall. The need for an interior wall adds an extra step that increases construction costs and increases both the time and materials required.

[0010] Therefore, there is a need for a prefabricated wall panel that eliminates the need to build an additional wall to protect the insulation and is also structurally sound enough to withstand heavy loads.

[0011] US patent US6385933 discloses a self-supporting precast concrete wall panel for installation between a building's roof structure and a building slab. The wall panel is reinforced by reinforcing rods configured in horizontal and vertical directions within the wall. To add stability to the wall panel, a metal plate is placed on top of the wall panel and a wooden plate on top of the metal plate. The metal plate is sandwiched between the wooden plate and the wall panel by threaded rods and nuts that are tightened onto the rods, which are embedded in the wall panel and run vertically through both plates and protrude through the top of the wall panel. A second rod protrudes through the bottom of the wall panel. The second rod is placed into holes provided in the floor and epoxy is applied.Epoxy grout is used to fill the gaps between the wall panel and the slab, providing stability to the wall panel. Finally, a ceramic insulation is sprayed on the inside of the wall panel to act as insulation and be aesthetically pleasing enough to act as a finished wall as desired. European patent application EP3861179 describes a panel (1) provided with tongues (2) and grooves (3) with a cavity (5) open from above. Inside the panel (1) is an anchor (6) provided with jaws (8), which is provided with a recess (7) following the shape of the cavity (5). The anchor pin (11) is inserted into the cavity (5) and poured with a quick-setting fixing mass (12).The solution saves time during installation by not requiring the use of fixing spacers (15), reduces concrete consumption, improves the flatness of the walls made and reinforces the head part of the panels (1) so that it is possible to join the wall panels (1) directly to the roof structure, without making reinforced concrete ring beams.

[0012] One disadvantage of these panels is that they are all custom-made and are also made of concrete, which means the panels are not very flexible, and managing rapid adjustments to handle the construction of a multi-story building is a time consuming task. The problem with this technique is that current prefabricated panels are not adaptable to the specific needs of each situation, limiting their application. Therefore, the builder on-site must make unforeseen changes, costing them time and labor.

[0013] The present invention discloses a prefabricated panel for wind bracing that incorporates a strong central element formed from a folded metal sheet, which can be made of steel, lacquered iron, or baked, where said sheet is folded in a semi-hexagonal shape along the panel and on itself at the ends, so that a larger resistant section is generated at the ends of the panel (1). In addition, it includes a framework of structural tube (3) formed by vertical and diagonal profiles. The measurements of each panel can be adapted to the needs of each project. Square structural profiles, both vertical and diagonal, and round steel profiles, where appropriate, are attached to said sheet.

[0014] The purpose of the panel of the invention is to brace the constructions to withstand wind stress, preferably placing them in corners of the building and in at least three planes of the same.

[0015] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] To complement the description being made and in order to help better understand the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of its practical implementation, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, in which the following has been represented for illustrative and non-limiting purposes:

[0017] FIG 1.- General view of a base panel (1).

[0018] FIG 2.- Longitudinal horizontal general view of a base panel (1)

[0019] FIG 3.- View of the horizontal section of the panel (1), showing the elements that compose it. A resistant central element formed from a folded metal sheet (2). A framework of structural tube (3) formed by vertical and diagonal profiles composing an internal reinforcement truss to resist wind forces, according to the needs of each design or project. The internal part of the panel (1) has a covering (4) for the inner face (6). The external part of the panel (1) has a covering (5) for the outer face (7), in addition between the metal sheet (2) and the inner face (6) thermal and acoustic insulation elements are placed, as well as between the sheet (2) and the outer face (7), in such a way as to maintain soundproofing and thermal insulation in the building.

[0020] FIG 4 - Detailed view of the panel joining by tongue and groove, where a tongue and groove type joining element (8) allows the plates to fit into a second panel (1).

[0021] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0022] The present invention reveals a dynamic panel (1) which has the advantage of adapting to the specific needs of each project, being able to incorporate the electrical energy or water installations on its lower face to the steel core, in addition, it allows to be coupled to other panels (1) horizontally by means of the execution after the assembly of a concrete compression layer. The object of the panel of the invention is to facilitate the construction of buildings of all types, since due to its dynamic nature it allows the simplification of the installation, connection and completion of the panels on site.

[0023] The prefabricated vertical panel (1) for wind bracing comprises a central resistant element formed from a folded metal sheet (2), which can be made of steel, lacquered iron, or baked, where said sheet (2) is folded in a semi-hexagonal shape along the panel (1) and on itself at the ends, so that a larger resistant section is generated at the ends of the panel (1); a framework of structural tube (3) formed by vertical and diagonal profiles composing an internal reinforcement truss to resist wind stresses, according to the needs of each design or project and which has a plurality of structural steel rounds (3) arranged at the corners of the folds of the sheet (2), generally in a vertical arrangement. The internal part of the panel (1) has a coating (4) for the interior face (6).The external part of the panel has a covering (5) for the outer face (7), and between the metal sheet (2) and the inner face (6) thermal and acoustic insulation elements are placed, as well as between the sheet (2) and the outer face (7), in such a way that it maintains soundproofing and thermal insulation in the building, alternatively between the insulating materials and the finish a mesh is placed.

[0024] To join two similar panels (1), metal plates are required, which allow them to be joined to the pillars on each side of each of the panels (1) and a tongue and groove type joining element (8) that allows the plates to fit into a second panel (1). The extension (9) of the inner sheet (2) of the panel (1) located in the upper and lower part of the panel (1) die-cut, allow the panels (1) to be joined with the foundation and with upper floor panels and a recess that allows the concreting of the compression layer of the horizontal panels, consolidating the construction set.

[0025] The two panels (1) are joined by means of tongue and groove joining of the folded interior metal sheets, overlapping in the space formed between the last fold and the vertical metal profile at the ends. Both the vertical profiles at the ends and the folded interior sheet of the panel protrude at least 10 cm on one side, presenting die-cuts that allow screwing to a U or L profile at the foundation base and screwing of panels on upper floors. The panels are joined by means of vertical tongue and groove joining and the final consolidation of the assembly with the concreting of the compression layer on the horizontal structural panels that rest directly on the vertical ones. Once the panels are tongued and grooved, they are covered with cladding, lining and / or insulation pieces according to the aesthetic and technical needs of the panel.The insulation, once mounted, is continuous so that there are no thermal bridges between panels (1). To join two panels (1) at a corner, two plates will be fixed at the end of the long inner side of one of the corner panels (1) that receives the side of the other panel (1). The materials used for thermal and acoustic insulation are selected from PVC, expanded polystyrene, rock wool, materials from natural or recycled elements or a combination of these. Different materials can be placed on each side to obtain the necessary properties for each location or project.

[0026] The panel (1) of the invention allows the incorporation of installations for electrical energy or water into the lower layer of the building, where the installations will generally run under the roof or slab and will be connected to the taps or places of demand by means of downpipes coupled in the existing gaps in the folded sheet (2).

[0027] In the event that the distribution of installations (generally water and electricity) is necessary along several coupled panels (1), the panels (1) will have holes in the oblique parts that allow the horizontal passage of the installations between the panels (1).

[0028] The panel (1) of the invention is capable of incorporating windows in the folded metal sheet (2), by means of a cavity made that incorporates a pre-frame joined to the metal structure through two metal plates.

[0029] The application of the panels (1) described is intended to facilitate the construction of buildings (generally, but not exclusively, homes). To achieve this objective, the panels have been designed with the premises of simplifying the installation, connection, and completion of the panels on-site.

Claims

CLAIMS 1- Integral prefabricated panels for bracing against wind resistance stresses of the construction system characterized in that it comprises a central element formed from a folded metal sheet (2), where said sheet (2) is folded in a semi-hexagonal shape along the panel (1) and on itself at the ends; a framework of structural tube (3) formed by vertical and diagonal profiles composing an interior reinforcement truss that has a plurality of structural steel round bars (3) arranged at the corners of the folds of the sheet (2), generally in a vertical arrangement; a covering (4) for the inner face (6) and a covering (5) for the outer face (7); thermal and acoustic insulation elements between the metal sheet (2) and the inner face (6) as well as between the sheet (2) and the outer face (7);metal plates that are joined to the pillars on each side of the panels (1) to allow the union between two similar panels (1); a tongue and groove type joining element (8) that allows the plates to fit into a second panel (1); an extension (9) of the inner sheet metal of the panel located at the top and bottom of the panel (1) that allows the union of the panels (1) with the foundation and with panels of upper floors; and a recess that allows the concreting of the compression layer of the horizontal panels, consolidating the construction assembly. 2- Integral prefabricated panels for bracing to wind resistance stresses of the construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the materials used for thermal and acoustic insulation are selected from PVC, expanded polystyrene, rock wool, materials from natural or recycled elements or a combination thereof. 3- Integral prefabricated panels for bracing to wind resistance stresses of the construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the final coating or finish is placed on the insulating materials, both for the interior face (6) and for the exterior face (7). 4- Integral prefabricated panels for bracing the construction system to resist wind forces according to claim 1, characterized in that a mesh is placed between the insulating materials and the finish. 5- Integral prefabricated panels for bracing to wind resistance stresses of the construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel (1) allows the incorporation of installations for electrical energy or water by means of downpipes coupled in the existing gaps in the folded sheet (2). 6- Integral prefabricated panels for bracing to wind resistance stresses of the construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that along the coupled panels (1), the panels (1) have holes in the oblique parts that allow the horizontal passage of the installations between the panels (1). 7- Integral prefabricated panels for bracing to wind resistance stresses of the construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the panel (1) of the invention is capable of incorporating windows in the folded metal sheet (2), by means of a cavity made that incorporates a pre-frame joined to the metal structure through two metal plates. 8- Integral prefabricated panels for bracing to wind resistance stresses of the construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that for the joining of two panels (1) in a corner, two plates will be fixed at the end of the long inner side of one of the corner panels (1) that receives the side of the other panel (1).

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