Improved vehicle electronic system, related vehicle and related method

Abstract

Vehicle electronic system for monitoring the safety of a vehicle (1), the vehicle (1) comprising a battery assembly (11), the vehicle electronic system (21) comprising: a vehicle sensor system (31) comprising one or more sensors (32), each configured to generate and transmit a respective output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly (11) of the vehicle (1); and a processing unit (41) configured to: receive and process each output generated and transmitted by said one or more sensors (32) so as to check, for each output, whether a respective predetermined condition is satisfied, said predetermined condition being associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly (11); and generate a warning signal if at least one said predetermined conditions is satisfied.

Description

[0001] IMPROVED VEHICLE ELECTRONIC SYSTEM, RELATED VEHICLE AND

[0002] RELATED METHOD"

[0003] Cross-Reference to Related Applications

[0004] This patent appl ication claims priority from Italian patent application no . 102023000018366 filed on September 7 , 2023 , the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference .

[0005] Technical Field

[0006] The present invention relates to a vehicle electronic system, in particular for monitoring the safety of a vehicle , to a related vehicle and to a related method .

[0007] The present invention finds its preferred, although not exclusive , application in a vehicle comprising the vehicle electronic system . Reference will be made to such application hereinafter by way of example .

[0008] Background of the Invention

[0009] As is known, a vehicle , for example a bus or a light commercial vehicle ( LCV) , which comprises a battery assembly is subj ect to risks deriving from possible mal functions of the battery assembly .

[0010] In particular, a battery assembly comprises one or more battery packs , each battery pack comprises a plurality of modules , and each module comprises a plurality of cells . An internal short circuit in a cell can trigger a thermal runaway, i . e . a process wherein an increase in temperature creates conditions which determine a further increase in temperature . Therefore , the thermal runaway is an example of positive feedback and can even lead to a thermal explosion, with evident safety problems .

[0011] Since thermal runaway, once triggered, cannot be controlled, it is essential to detect it as soon as possible to guarantee the safety of the vehicle , in particular to allow the occupants of the vehicle to exit the vehicle before a dangerous event , such as a thermal explosion, occurs .

[0012] In order to improve the safety, regulation ECE R100 . 3 sets strict requirements to guarantee the safety of the occupants of the vehicle in case o f a dangerous event , such as a thermal explosion .

[0013] Therefore , the need is felt to monitor the safety of the vehicle to detect a possible mal function of the battery assembly, in particular a thermal runaway .

[0014] An aim of the present invention is to satis fy the aforementioned needs .

[0015] Summary of the Invention

[0016] The aforementioned aim is achieved by a vehicle electronic system, a vehicle and a method as claimed in the appended claims .

[0017] Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] For a better understanding of the present invention, a preferred embodiment is described hereinafter, by way of non-limiting example and with reference to the accompanying drawings , wherein :

[0019] • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a vehicle according to the present invention; and

[0020] • Figure 2 is a block diagram of a vehicle electronic system according to the present invention .

[0021] Detailed Description of the Invention Figure 1 schematically illustrates a vehicle 1 according to the present invention .

[0022] The vehicle 1 is of known type and comprises a plurality of walls 2 , a floor 3 and a roof 4 configured to delimit an internal environment 5 of the vehicle 1 .

[0023] Conveniently, the vehicle 1 comprises at least one door 6 communicating with the environment outside the vehicle 1 and configured to allow a user of the vehicle 1 to access the vehicle 1 .

[0024] In particular, the door 6 allows the user of the vehicle to enter the vehicle 1 , i . e . to pass from the environment outside the vehicle 1 to the internal environment 5 , and to exit the vehicle 1 , i . e . to pass from the internal environment 5 to the external environment .

[0025] In the illustrated embodiment , the vehicle 1 is a vehicle for the collective transport of passengers , in particular it is a bus . However , it is clear that such vehicle could also be a light commercial vehicle ( LCV) or a heavy vehicle , such as a truck .

[0026] The vehicle 1 comprises a plurality of doors 6 , each communicating with the environment outside the vehicle 1 and configured to allow the passengers to enter the internal environment 5 , wherein the passengers can sit , and / or to exit the internal environment 5 .

[0027] Conveniently, the vehicle 1 is an electric or hybrid vehicle and comprises a rechargeable energy storage system (REESS ) configured to provide electric energy for the electric propulsion of the vehicle 1 .

[0028] The rechargeable energy storage system comprises a battery assembly 11 .

[0029] Conveniently, the battery assembly 11 is configured to be charged, in particular to store electric energy, and discharged, in particular when electric energy is needed from an element electrically connected to the rechargeable energy storage system .

[0030] In the illustrated embodiment , the battery assembly 11 is carried by the roof 4 of the vehicle 1 and arranged, at least partially, externally thereof .

[0031] Conveniently, the battery assembly 11 comprises at least one battery pack .

[0032] In particular, the battery assembly 11 comprises a single battery pack or a plurality of battery packs connected to one another . In the latter case , one of the battery packs is called "master pack" and each other battery pack is called " sub-pack" .

[0033] Conveniently, each battery pack has a modular structure . In particular, each battery pack comprises a plurality of modules , and each module comprises a plurality of cells .

[0034] For example , the battery assembly 11 comprises five battery packs , each battery pack comprises sixteen modules , and each module comprises sixteen cells , for a total of 1280 cells .

[0035] In each cell an internal short circuit can occur which can trigger a thermal runaway, which in turn can lead to a fire and / or an explosion and / or smoke , compromising the safety of the vehicle 1 .

[0036] The vehicle 1 comprises a vehicle electronic system 21 for monitoring the safety of the vehicle 1 . The vehicle electronic system 21 ( Figure 2 ) comprises a vehicle sensor system 31 comprising one or more sensors 32 , each configured to generate and transmit a respective output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 .

[0037] In particular, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a single sensor 32 configured to generate and transmit a respective output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 , or a plurality of sensors 32 wherein each sensor 32 is configured to generate and transmit a respective output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 . In the latter case , the sensors 32 are configured to generate and transmit respective outputs indicative of a same physical quantity, associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 , or of physical quantities di f ferent from one another , associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 .

[0038] The vehicle sensor system 31 further comprises a processing unit 41 configured to :

[0039] • receive and process each output generated and transmitted by the aforementioned one or more sensors 32 so as to check, for each output , whether a respective predetermined condition is satis fied, wherein such predetermined condition is associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly 11 ; and

[0040] • generate a warning signal i f at least one such predetermined condition is satis fied . In particular, for each sensor 32 , the processing unit 41 is configured to receive and process the respective output so as to check whether such output satis fies a respective predetermined condition, associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly 11 , and generate the warning signal i f such predetermined condition is satis fied .

[0041] Conveniently :

[0042] • I f the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a single sensor 32 , then the processing unit 41 is configured to generate the warning signal i f the output of the sensor 32 satis f ies the respective predetermined condition .

[0043] • I f the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a plurality of sensors 32 , then the processing unit 41 is configured to generate the warning signal i f at least one output of a sensor 32 of the plurality of sensors 32 satis fies the respective predetermined condition . In other words , it i s suf ficient that one output of a sensor 32 satis fies the respective predetermined condition for the processing unit 41 to generate the warning signal .

[0044] Conveniently, the processing unit 41 is an electronic control unit (ECU) of the vehicle 1 or is a dedicated processing unit , additional with respect to the electronic control unit .

[0045] Preferably, i f the battery assembly 11 comprises a plurality of battery packs connected to one another, i . e . a "master pack" and at least one " sub-pack" , the "master pack" is configured to communicate directly with the processing unit 41 and each " sub-pack" is configured to communicate directly with the "master pack" and indirectly, via the "master pack" , with the processing unit 41 .

[0046] Preferably, the thermal event is a thermal runaway, which can occur in the battery assembly 11 and can lead to a dangerous event , for example fire , explosion, smoke in the vehicle 1 .

[0047] Conveniently, for each output , the respective predetermined condition is satisfied in case of thermal event .

[0048] In particular, the aforementioned predetermined condition is defined so that it is not satis fied in case of normal operation of the battery assembly 11 and is satis fied in case of mal function of the battery assembly due to a thermal event , in particular a thermal runaway .

[0049] Conveniently, the aforementioned predetermined condition is defined so that a respective period has a duration such to allow the occupants of the vehicle 1 to exit the vehicle 1 in safety in case of thermal event of the battery assembly 11 . In particular, such period has an initial instant , wherein the aforementioned predetermined condition is satis fied, and a final instant , wherein a dangerous event occurs due to the thermal event , for example fire , explosion, smoke in the vehicle 1 . Preferably, the duration of such period is greater than or equal to five minutes .

[0050] Preferably, the aforementioned one or more sensors 32 comprise a pressure sensor 51 configured to generate and transmit an output indicative of a pressure in the battery ass e mb 1 y 11 . In other words , the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a sensor 32 which is a pressure sensor 51 .

[0051] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is indicative of the pressure inside a battery pack of the battery assembly 11 .

[0052] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a pressure sensor 51 for each battery pack of the battery ass e mb 1 y 11 .

[0053] Conveniently, the aforementioned predetermined condition is satis fied i f :

[0054] • the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is above a respective predetermined threshold; and / or

[0055] • the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a time derivative above a respective predetermined threshold .

[0056] In particular, the following three cases are distinguished .

[0057] In the first case , the aforementioned predetermined condition is satis fied i f the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is above a respective predetermined threshold, regardless of the value of the time derivative of the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 . In other words , it is suf ficient that the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a value above a respective predetermined threshold for the processing unit 41 to generate the warning signal . The value of the time derivative o f the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is not relevant , and it is thus not necessary to consider it , for the purposes of checking the predetermined condition .

[0058] Conveniently, in the first case , the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is a pressure signal , the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined pressure value , and the respective predetermined condition is satis fied i f the pressure signal is greater than such predetermined value . In particular, i f the pressure in the battery as sembly 11 is such that it exceeds the predetermined pressure value , then the processing unit 41 generates the warning signal . Indeed, in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the pressure in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase .

[0059] In the second case , the aforementioned predetermined condition is satis fied i f the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a time derivative , i . e . a derivative with respect to time , above a respective predetermined threshold, regardless of the value of the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 . In other words , it is suf ficient that the time derivative of the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a value above a respective predetermined threshold for the processing unit 41 to generate the warning signal . The value of the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is not relevant , and it is thus not necessary to consider it , for the purposes of checking the predetermined condition .

[0060] Conveniently, in the second case , the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is a pressure signal , the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value of pressure variation with respect to time , and the respective predetermined condition is satis fied i f the time derivative of the pressure signal , i . e . the rate of pressure variation with respect to time , is greater than such predetermined value . In particular, i f the time derivative of the pressure in the battery assembly 11 is such that it exceeds the predetermined value of pressure variation with respect to time , then the processing unit 41 generates the warning signal . Indeed, in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the time derivative of the pressure in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase .

[0061] In the third case , the aforementioned predetermined condition is satis fied i f the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is above a respective predetermined threshold and i f the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a time derivative , i . e . a derivative with respect to time , above a respective predetermined threshold . In other words , it is necessary that the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a value above a respective predetermined threshold and that the time derivative of the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a value above a respective predetermined threshold for the processing unit 41 to generate the warning signal .

[0062] Conveniently, the third case is the combination of the first case and of the second case . In particular, i f the pressure in the battery assembly 11 is such that it exceeds a predetermined pressure value and i f the time derivative of the pressure in the battery as sembly 11 is such that it exceeds a predetermined value of pressure variation with respect to time , then the processing unit 41 generates the warning signal . Indeed, in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the pressure in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase and the time derivative of the pressure in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase . The predetermined pressure value of the third case is not necessarily equal to the predetermined pressure value of the first case , and the predetermined value of pressure variation with respect to time of the third case is not necessarily equal to the predetermined value of pressure variation with respect to time of the second case . Conveniently, the predetermined pressure value of the third case is less than the predetermined pressure value of the first case , and the predetermined value of pressure variation with respect to time of the third case is less than the predetermined value of pressure variation with respect to time of the second case , since in the third case both the predetermined pressure value and the predetermined value of pressure variation with respect to time are considered, whereas in the first case only the predetermined pressure value is considered and in the second case only the predetermined value of pressure variation with respect to time is considered .

[0063] Conveniently, the three cases can be summari sed considering the following three propositions :

[0064] 1 ) The output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is above a respective predetermined threshold . 2) The output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a time derivative above a respective predetermined threshold.

[0065] 3) The aforementioned predetermined condition is satisfied.

[0066] The following applies:

[0067] • Considering the first case and the second case jointly is equivalent to stating that the proposition 3) has the same truth set as a proposition formed via logical disjunction (logical operator OR) , also known as inclusive disjunction, of the propositions 1) and 2) . In other words, the proposition 3) has the same truth set of the proposition 1) OR 2) .

[0068] • Considering the third case is equivalent to stating that the proposition 3) has the same truth set of a proposition formed via a logical conjunction (logical operator AND) of the propositions 1) and 2) . In other words, the proposition 3) has the same truth set of the proposition 1) AND 2) .

[0069] Preferably, the aforementioned one or more sensors 32 comprise one or more gas sensors 61, each configured to generate and transmit a respective output indicative of a respective concentration of a respective gas in the battery ass e mb 1 y 11.

[0070] In other words, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises at least one sensor 32 which is a gas sensor 61.

[0071] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by each gas sensor 61 is indicative of the respective concentration of the respective gas inside a battery pack of the battery assembly 11 .

[0072] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises at least one gas sensor 61 for each battery pack of the battery ass e mb 1 y 11 .

[0073] Preferably, the aforementioned one or more gas sensors 61 comprise a volatile organic compound sensor 71 , also known as VOC sensor, configured to generate and transmit an output indicative of a concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 , and the aforementioned predetermined condition is satis fied i f the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 is above a respective predetermined threshold .

[0074] In particular, it is suf ficient that the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 has a value above a respective predetermined threshold for the processing unit 41 to generate the warning signal .

[0075] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 is indicative of the concentration of volatile organic compounds inside a battery pack of the battery assembly 11 .

[0076] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a volatile organic compound sensor 71 for each battery pack of the battery assembly 11 .

[0077] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 is a relative amount , for example in parts per million (ppm) , of volatile organic compounds , the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value of relative amount , for example in parts per million (ppm) , of volatile organic compounds , and the respective predetermined condition is satis fied i f the relative amount of volatile organic compounds detected by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 is greater than such predetermined value . In particular , i f the relative amount of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 , detected by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 , is such that it exceeds the predetermined value of relative amount of volatile organic compounds , then the processing unit 41 generates the warning signal . Indeed, in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase .

[0078] In particular, the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value defined so that a respective period has a duration such to allow the occupants of the vehicle 1 to exit the vehicle 1 in safety in case of thermal event of the battery assembly 11 . In particular, such period has an initial instant , wherein the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 exceeds the respective predetermined threshold, and a final instant , wherein a dangerous event occurs due to the thermal event , for example fire , explosion, smoke in the vehicle 1 . Preferably, the duration of such period is greater than or equal to five minutes .

[0079] For example , the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value greater than or equal to 600 ppm of volatile organic compounds .

[0080] Preferably, the aforementioned one or more gas sensors 61 comprise a carbon monoxide sensor 72 , also known as CO ("carbon monoxide" ) sensor, configured to generate and transmit an output indicative of a concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11 , and the aforementioned predetermined condition is satis fied i f the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is above a respective predetermined threshold .

[0081] In particular, it is suf ficient that the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 has a value above a respective predetermined threshold for the processing unit 41 to generate the warning signal .

[0082] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is indicative of the concentration of carbon monoxide inside a battery pack of the battery assembly 11 .

[0083] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a carbon monoxide sensor 72 for each battery pack of the battery assembly 11 .

[0084] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is a relative amount , for example in parts per million (ppm) , of carbon monoxide , the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value of relative amount , for example in parts per million (ppm) , of carbon monoxide , and the respective predetermined condition is satis fied i f the relative amount of carbon monoxide detected by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is greater than such predetermined value . In particular , i f the relative amount of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11 , detected by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 , is such that it exceeds the predetermined value of relative amount of carbon monoxide , then the processing unit 41 generates the warning signal . Indeed, in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase .

[0085] In particular, the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value defined so that a respective period has a duration such to allow the occupants of the vehicle 1 to exit the vehicle 1 in safety in case of thermal event of the battery assembly 11 . In particular, such period has an initial instant , wherein the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 exceeds the respective predetermined threshold, and a final instant , wherein a dangerous event occurs due to the thermal event , for example fire , explosion, smoke in the vehicle 1 . Preferably, the duration of such period is greater than or equal to five minutes .

[0086] For example , the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value greater than or equal to 190 ppm of carbon monoxide .

[0087] Preferably, the aforementioned one or more gas sensors 61 comprise a smoke sensor 73 configured to generate and transmit an output indicative of a concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11 , and the aforementioned predetermined condition is satis fied i f the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 is above a respective predetermined threshold .

[0088] In particular, it is suf ficient that the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 has a value above a respective predetermined threshold for the processing unit 41 to generate the warning signal .

[0089] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 is indicative of the concentration of smoke inside a battery pack of the battery assembly 11 .

[0090] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a smoke sensor 73 for each battery pack of the battery assembly 11 .

[0091] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 is a relative amount , for example in parts per million (ppm) , of smoke , the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value of relative amount , for example in parts per million (ppm) , of smoke , and the respective predetermined condition is satis fied i f the relative amount of smoke detected by the smoke sensor 73 is greater than such predetermined value . In particular, i f the relative amount of smoke in the battery assembly 11 , detected by the smoke sensor 73 , is such that it exceeds the predetermined value of relative amount of smoke , then the processing unit 41 generates the warning signal . Indeed, in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase .

[0092] In particular, the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value defined so that a respective period has a duration such to allow the occupants of the vehicle 1 to exit the vehicle 1 in safety in case of thermal event of the battery assembly 11 . In particular, such period has an initial instant , wherein the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 exceeds the respective predetermined threshold, and a final instant , wherein a dangerous event occurs due to the thermal event , for example fire , explosion, smoke in the vehicle 1 . Preferably, the duration of such period is greater than or equal to five minutes .

[0093] For example , the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value greater than or equal to 300 ppm of smoke .

[0094] Conveniently, the volatile organic compound sensor 71 , the carbon monoxide sensor 72 and the smoke sensor 73 are distinct sensors or are integrated in a single multi-gas sensor .

[0095] Preferably, i f the battery assembly 11 comprises a plurality of battery packs connected to one another, i . e . a "master pack" and at least one " sub-pack" , each pack comprises at least one sensor 32 . Preferably, each pack comprises at least one pressure sensor 51 and at least one gas sensor 61 , in particular each pack preferably comprises at least one volatile organic compound sensor 71 , preferably at least one carbon monoxide sensor 72 and preferably at least one smoke sensor 73 .

[0096] Optionally, the aforementioned one or more sensors 32 comprise at least one of :

[0097] • A temperature sensor configured to generate and transmit an output indicative of a temperature in the battery assembly 11 , in particular a temperature in a module of the battery assembly 11 .

[0098] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a temperature sensor for each module of the battery ass e mb 1 y 11 .

[0099] • A current sensor configured to generate and transmit an output indicative of a current in the battery assembly 11 , in particular a current in a battery pack of the battery assembly 11 . Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a current sensor for each battery pack of the battery assembly 11 .

[0100] • A voltage sensor configured to generate and transmit an output indicative of a voltage in the battery assembly 11 , in particular a voltage in a cell of the battery assembly 11 . Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a voltage sensor for each cell of the battery assembly 11 .

[0101] Preferably, the vehicle electronic system 21 further comprises noti fication means 81 configured to receive the warning signal generated by the processing unit 41 and to generate a visual and / or acoustic noti fication relating to the warning signal .

[0102] In particular, the noti fication means 81 are configured to warn, via the visual and / or acoustic noti fication, the occupants of the vehicle 1 of the potential danger relating to the vehicle 1 . For example , such danger is imminent fire , explosion, smoke in the vehicle 1 .

[0103] In the illustrated embodiment , the visual and / or acoustic noti fication is useful for a driver of the vehicle 1 and / or for the passengers of the vehicle 1 .

[0104] For example , the noti fication means 81 comprise at least one of :

[0105] • A warning light configured to generate a visual noti fication for the driver of the vehicle 1 . Conveniently, i f the warning signal generated by the processing unit 41 is received, the warning light lights up to warn the driver of the potential danger relating to the vehicle 1 .

[0106] • A display conf igured to generate a visual noti fication for the driver of the vehicle 1 . Conveniently, i f the warning signal generated by the processing unit 41 is received, the display displays a text message to warn the driver of the potential danger relating to the vehicle 1 .

[0107] • One or more displays configured to generate a visual noti fication for the passengers of the vehicle 1 . Conveniently, i f the warning signal generated by the processing unit 41 is received, the aforementioned one or more displays display a text message to warn the passengers of the potential danger relating to the vehicle 1 .

[0108] • An acoustic warning device configured to generate an acoustic noti fication for the driver of the vehicle 1 . Conveniently, i f the warning signal generated by the processing unit 41 is received, the acoustic warning device emits an acoustic signal to warn the driver of the vehicle of the potential danger relating to the vehicle 1 .

[0109] • One or more acoustic warning devices configured to generate an acoustic noti fication for the passengers of the vehicle 1 . Conveniently, i f the warning signal generated by the processing unit 41 is received, the aforementioned one or more acoustic warning devices emit an acoustic signal to warn the driver of the vehicle of the potential danger relating to the vehicle 1 .

[0110] The invention further relates to a method for monitoring the safety of the described vehicle 1 comprising the battery assembly 11 and the vehicle electronic system 21 .

[0111] The method comprises the steps of : a ) generating and transmitting, by each of the aforementioned one or more sensors 32 of the vehicle sensor system 31 , a respective output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 ; b ) receiving and process ing, by the processing unit 41 , each output generated and transmitted by the aforementioned one or more sensors 32 so as to check, for each output , whether a respective predetermined condition is satisfied, wherein such predetermined condition is associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly 11 ; and c ) generating, by the processing unit 41 , a warning signal i f at least one such predetermined condition is satis fied .

[0112] In particular :

[0113] • I f the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a single sensor 32 , then the step c ) is generating, by the processing unit 41 , the warning signal i f the output of the sensor 32 satisfies the respective predetermined condition .

[0114] • I f the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises a plurality of sensors 32 , then the step c ) is generating, by the processing unit 41 , the warning signal i f at least one output of a sensor 32 of the plurality of sensors 32 satis fies the respective predetermined condition . In other words , it i s suf ficient that one output of a sensor 32 satis fies the respective predetermined condition for generating, by the processing unit 41 , the warning signal .

[0115] Preferably, the step a ) comprises generating and transmitting, by a pressure sensor 51 of the vehicle sensor system 31 , an output indicative of a pressure in the battery ass e mb 1 y 11 .

[0116] In particular, the output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 is the output indicative of a pressure in the battery assembly 11 , generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 which is a sensor 32 of the vehicle sensor system 31 .

[0117] Preferably, the aforementioned predetermined condition is satis fied i f the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is above a respective predetermined threshold and / or has a time derivative above a respective predetermined threshold .

[0118] In particular, the three cases described in the foregoing are distinguished . Preferably, the step a ) comprises generating and transmitting, by one or more gas sensors 61 of the vehicle sensor system 31 , a respective output indicative of a respective concentration of a respective gas in the battery ass e mb 1 y 11 .

[0119] In particular, the output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 is the output indicative of a respective concentration of a respective gas in the battery assembly 11 , generated and transmitted by the respective gas sensor 61 which is a sensor 32 of the vehicle sensor system 31 .

[0120] Preferably, the step a ) comprises :

[0121] • generating and transmitting, by a volatile organic compound sensor 71 of the vehicle sensor system 31 , an output indicative of a concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 , and the aforementioned predetermined condition is satis fied if the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 is above a respective predetermined threshold; and / or

[0122] • generating and transmitting, by a carbon monoxide sensor 72 of the vehicle sensor system 31 , an output indicative of a concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11 , and the aforementioned predetermined condition is satis fied i f the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is above a respective predetermined threshold; and / or generating and transmitting, by a smoke sensor 73 of the vehicle sensor system 31 , an output indicative of a concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11 , and the aforementioned predetermined condition is satis fied i f the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 is above a respective predetermined threshold .

[0123] In particular, at least one of the following applies :

[0124] • The output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 is the output indicative of a respective concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 , generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 which is a gas sensor 61 of the vehicle sensor system 31 . Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 is a relative amount , for example in parts per million (ppm) , o f volatile organic compounds , the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value of relative amount , for example in parts per million (ppm) , of volatile organic compounds , and the respective predetermined condition is satis fied i f the relative amount of volatile organic compounds detected by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 is greater than such predetermined value . Indeed, in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase . • The output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 is the output indicative of a respective concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 , generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 which is a gas sensor 61 of the vehicle sensor system 31 . Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is a relative amount , for example in parts per million (ppm) , of carbon monoxide , the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value of relative amount , for example in parts per million (ppm) , of carbon monoxide , and the respective predetermined condition is satis fied i f the relative amount of carbon monoxide detected by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is greater than such predetermined value . Indeed, in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase .

[0125] • The output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 is the output indicative of a respective concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11 , generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 which is a gas sensor 61 of the vehicle sensor system 31 . Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 is a relative amount , for example in parts per million (ppm) , of smoke , the respective predetermined threshold is a predetermined value of relative amount , for example in parts per million (ppm) , of smoke , and the respective predetermined condition is satis fied i f the relative amount of smoke detected by the smoke sensor 73 is greater than such predetermined value . Indeed, in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase .

[0126] The operation of the embodiment of the vehicle electronic system 21 described above is the following .

[0127] Each sensor 32 of the vehicle sensor system 31 generates and transmits , to the processing unit 41 , a respective output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 , for example an output indicative of a pressure in the battery assembly 11 generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 , a respective output indicative of a respective concentration of a respective gas in the battery assembly 11 generated and transmitted by one or more gas sensors 61 , in particular an output indicative of a concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 , an output indicative of a concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11 generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 , an output indicative of a concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11 generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 . The processing unit 41 receives and processes each output generated and transmitted by the aforementioned one or more sensors 32 so as to check, for each output , whether a respective predetermined condition is satis fied, wherein such predetermined condition is associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly 11 .

[0128] The processing unit 41 generates a warning signal i f at least one such predetermined condition is satis fied, for example i f the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is above a respective predetermined threshold and / or has a time derivative above a respective predetermined threshold, or i f the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 is above a respective predetermined threshold, or i f the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is above a respective predetermined threshold, or i f the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 is above a respective predetermined threshold . Preferably, the noti fication means 81 receive the warning signal generated by the processing unit 41 and generate a visual and / or acoustic noti fication relating to the warning signal .

[0129] In view of the foregoing, the advantages of the vehicle 1 and of the vehicle electronic system 21 according to the present invention are evident .

[0130] In particular, the vehicle electronic system 21 allows to monitor the safety of the vehicle 1 by detecting a possible mal function of the battery assembly due to a thermal event , in particular a thermal runaway, which can occur in the battery assembly 11 and can lead to a dangerous event , for example fire , explosion, smoke in the vehicle 1 .

[0131] Each sensor 32 of the vehicle sensor system 31 allows to generate and transmit a respective output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 . In particular , the respective physical quantity varies in case of thermal event of the battery assembly 11 .

[0132] The processing unit 41 allows to receive and process each output generated and transmitted by the aforementioned one or more sensors 32 so as to check, for each output , whether a respective predetermined condition is satis fied, wherein such predetermined condition is associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly 11 . In particular, such predetermined condition is satis fied when the respective physical quantity varies in case of thermal event of the battery assembly 11 . Therefore , the vehicle sensor system 31 and the processing unit 41 j ointly allow to detect a thermal event of the battery assembly 11 . I f detected, i . e . i f at least one such predetermined condition is satis fied, the processing unit 41 allows to generate a warning signal . In particular, such predetermined condition is defined so that a respective period has a duration, preferably greater than or equal to five minutes , such to allow the occupants of the vehicle 1 to exit the vehicle 1 in safety in case of thermal event of the battery assembly 11 . Therefore , the vehicle electronic system 21 allows the occupants of the vehicle 1 to exit the vehicle before the occurrence of a dangerous event , for example fire , explosion, smoke in the vehicle 1 . The vehicle sensor system 31 can comprise a single sensor 32 or a plurality of sensors 32 . In the latter case , the sensors 32 are configured to generate and transmit respective outputs indicative of a same physical quantity, associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 , or of physical quantities di f ferent from one another , and it is suf ficient that one output of a sensor 32 satis fies the respective predetermined condition for the processing unit 41 to generate the warning signal . Therefore , the vehicle sensor system 31 is precise and robust .

[0133] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises at least one pressure sensor 61 , which allows to detect a thermal event since , in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the pressure in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase and the time derivative of the pressure in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase .

[0134] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises at least one volatile organic compound sensor 71 , which allows to detect a thermal event since , in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase .

[0135] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises at least one carbon monoxide sensor 72 , which allows to detect a thermal event since , in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase .

[0136] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 comprises at least one smoke sensor 73 , which allows to detect a thermal event since , in case of thermal event such as a thermal runaway, the concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase .

[0137] Preferably, the vehicle electronic system 21 comprises the noti fication means 81 , which allow to generate a visual and / or acoustic noti fication relating to the warning signal generated by the processing unit 41 , to warn the occupants of the vehicle 1 of the potential danger relating to the vehicle 1 . Finally, it is clear that modi fications and variations can be made to the vehicle 1 and to the vehicle electronic system 21 according to the present invention, which anyway do not depart from the scope of protection defined by the claims . For example , the vehicle 1 can be any type of vehicle comprising the battery assembly 11 , for example a light commercial vehicle ( LCV) or a heavy vehicle , such as a truck .

[0138] The aforementioned one or more sensors 32 can be of di f ferent type with respect to those described .

Claims

CLAIMS1. Vehicle electronic system for monitoring the safety of a vehicle, the vehicle (1) comprising a battery assembly (11) , the vehicle electronic system (21) comprising:• a vehicle sensor system (31) comprising one or more sensors (32) , each configured to generate and transmit a respective output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly (11) of the vehicle (1) ; and• a processing unit (41) configured to: o receive and process each output generated and transmitted by said one or more sensors (32) so as to check, for each output, whether a respective predetermined condition is satisfied, said predetermined condition being associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly (11) ; and o generate a warning signal if at least one said predetermined condition is satisfied, wherein said one or more sensors (32) comprise a pressure sensor (51) configured to generate and transmit an output indicative of a pressure in the battery assembly (11) , wherein said predetermined condition is satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor (51) has a time derivative above a respective predetermined threshold .

2. System as claimed in claim 1, wherein said predetermined condition is satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor (51) is above arespective predetermined threshold.

3. System as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said one or more sensors (32) comprise one or more gas sensors (61) , each configured to generate and transmit a respective output indicative of a respective concentration of a respective gas in the battery assembly (11) .

4. System as claimed in claim 3, wherein said one or more gas sensors (61) comprise a volatile organic compound sensor (71) configured to generate and transmit an output indicative of a concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly (11) , said predetermined condition being satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor (71) is above a respective predetermined threshold.

5. System as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein said one or more gas sensors (61) comprise a carbon monoxide sensor (72) configured to generate and transmit an output indicative of a concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly (11) , said predetermined condition being satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor (72) is above a respective predetermined threshold.

6. System as claimed in any of claims 3 to 5, wherein said one or more gas sensors (61) comprise a smoke sensor (73) configured to generate and transmit an output indicative of a concentration of smoke in the battery assembly (11) , said predetermined condition being satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor (73) is above a respective predetermined threshold.

7. System as claimed in any of the preceding claims, comprising notification means (81) configured to receive the warning signal generated by the processing unit (41) and to generate a visual and / or acoustic notification relating to the warning signal.

8. Vehicle comprising a battery assembly (11) and a vehicle electronic system (21) as claimed in any of the preceding claims.

9. Method for monitoring the safety of a vehicle, the vehicle (1) comprising a battery assembly (11) and a vehicle electronic system (21) as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising the steps of: a) generating and transmitting, by each of said one or more sensors (32) of the vehicle sensor system (31) , a respective output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly (11) of the vehicle (1) ; b) receiving and processing, by the processing unit(41) , each output generated and transmitted by said one or more sensors (32) so as to check, for each output, whether a respective predetermined condition is satisfied, said predetermined condition being associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly (11) ; and c) generating, by the processing unit (41) , a warning signal if at least one said predetermined condition is satisfied.

10. Method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the step a) comprises generating and transmitting, by a pressure sensor(51) of the vehicle sensor system (31) , an output indicative of a pressure in the battery assembly (11) .

11. Method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said predetermined condition is satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor (51) is above a respective predetermined threshold and / or has a time derivative above a respective predetermined threshold.

12. Method as claimed in any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the step a) comprises generating and transmitting, by one or more gas sensors (61) of the vehicle sensor system (31) , a respective output indicative of a respective concentration of a respective gas in the battery assembly (11) .

13. Method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the step a) comprises :• generating and transmitting, by a volatile organic compound sensor (71) of the vehicle sensor system (31) , an output indicative of a concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly (11) , said predetermined condition being satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor (71) is above a respective predetermined threshold; and / or• generating and transmitting, by a carbon monoxide sensor (72) of the vehicle sensor system (31) , an output indicative of a concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly (11) , said predetermined condition being satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor (72) is above a respectivepredetermined threshold; and / or• generating and transmitting, by a smoke sensor (73) of the vehicle sensor system (31) , an output indicative of a concentration of smoke in the battery assembly (11) , said predetermined condition being satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor (73) is above a respective predetermined threshold.

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