Satellite information management
A first core network function manages satellite information to address network topology and service provisioning challenges in 5G-Advanced and 6G networks, ensuring efficient and continuous satellite-based communication.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LENOVO (BEIJING) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-09
AI Technical Summary
The integration of satellite-embarked network entities in 5G-Advanced and 6G networks poses challenges in network topology management and service provisioning due to the impact of satellite-to-satellite and satellite-to-ground links on connection availability and service management, with existing technologies lacking dedicated satellite information management functions.
A first core network function is defined to manage satellite information, determining and transmitting this information to target network entities such as core network functions, RAN nodes, or UEs, facilitating efficient network operations.
Enhances network management by providing accurate and timely satellite information, supporting seamless network operations and service continuity in satellite-based communication systems.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024105033_09072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SATELLITE INFORMATION MANAGEMENTTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a first core network function, a target network entity, a source network entity, methods, apparatuses, processors, and computer readable medium for satellite information management.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] With the growing demand for mobile communication services and the continuous development of communication technology, ubiquitous coverage has become the basic capabilities required for 5G-Advanced and future 6G networks. The space-based (especially satellite) communication network has the natural advantages of deployment altitude and coverage, which can effectively make up for the shortcomings of the mobile networks deployed on the ground, e.g., for remote areas, isolated areas, oceans and high altitude airspace. As a result, the space-ground integration has become one of the main features of 5G-Advanced and 6G networks which can be realized from the aspects of system, protocol, network, service and terminal.
[0004] However, the introduction of satellite-embarked network entities brings in new challenges in network topology management and service provisioning, as the connections between network entities and the service availability can be impacted by the characteristics of satellite-to-satellite and satellite-to-ground links. Therefore, the capability of satellite information management is expected in the 5G-Advanced and 6G networks.SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure relates to a first core network function, a target network entity, a source network entity, methods, apparatuses, processors, and computer readable medium for satellite information management. According to the proposed solution, the first core network function is defined for satellite information management.
[0006] In some implementations, there is provided a first core network function. The first core network function comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first core network function to: determine satellite information associated with a first satellite; and transmit the satellite information to a target network entity, the target network entity comprising one of: a second core network function, a first radio access network (RAN) node, or a UE.
[0007] In some implementations, there is provided a target network entity. The target network entity comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the target network entity to: receive, from a first core network function, satellite information associated with a first satellite; and perform a network operation based on the satellite information received form the first core network function.
[0008] In some implementations, there is provided a source network entity. The source network entity comprises at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the source network entity to: determine satellite information associated with a first satellite; and transmit, to a first core network function, the satellite information associated with the first satellite.
[0009] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the first core network function. The method comprises: determining satellite information associated with a first satellite; and transmitting the satellite information to a target network entity, the target network entity comprising one of: a second core network function, a first RAN node, or a UE.
[0010] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the target network entity. The method comprises: receiving, from a first core network function, satellite information associated with a first satellite; and performing a network operation based on the satellite information received form the first core network function.
[0011] In some implementations, there is provided a method performed by the source network entity. The method comprises: determining satellite information associated with a first satellite; and transmitting, to a first core network function, the satellite information associated with the first satellite.
[0012] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: determine satellite information associated with a first satellite; and transmit the satellite information to a target network entity, the target network entity comprising one of: a second core network function, a first RAN node, or a UE.
[0013] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive, from a first core network function, satellite information associated with a first satellite; and perform a network operation based on the satellite information received form the first core network function.
[0014] In some implementations, there is provided a processor for wireless communication. The processor comprises at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: determine satellite information associated with a first satellite; and transmit, to a first core network function, the satellite information associated with the first satellite.
[0015] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function, the target network entity, the source network entity described herein, the source network entity is remote to the first core network function.
[0016] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function, the target network entity, the target network entity is one of: a second core network function, a first RAN node, or a UE.
[0017] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function, the target network entity, the source network entity described herein, the source network entity comprises one of a third core network function or a second RAN node.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the source network entity, the satellite information associated with the first satellite.
[0019] In some implementations of the methods and the first core network function described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to the source network entity, a request for the satellite information associated with the first satellite.
[0020] In some implementations of the methods and the first core network function described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the target network entity, a request for the satellite information associated with the first satellite.
[0021] In some implementations of the methods and the first core network function described herein, further comprising: determining that the satellite information associated with the first satellite has expired; and transmitting, to the target network entity, a notification indicating that the satellite information associated with the first satellite is to be deleted.
[0022] In some implementations of the methods and the first core network function described herein, further comprising: determining accessing information associated with an authority policy or an exposure policy for accessing the satellite information; and transmitting, to the target network entity, a second message indicating the accessing information.
[0023] In some implementations of the methods and the first core network function described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the target network entity, a third request for accessing the satellite information.
[0024] In some implementations of the methods and the target network entity described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to the first core network function, a request for the satellite information associated with the first satellite.
[0025] In some implementations of the methods and the target network entity described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the first core network function, a notification indicating to the target network entity to delete the satellite information associated with the first satellite; and deleting the satellite information associated with the first satellite based on the notification.
[0026] In some implementations of the methods and the target network entity described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the first core network function, a second message indicating accessing information associated with an authority policy or an exposure policy for accessing the satellite information.
[0027] In some implementations of the methods and the target network entity described herein, further comprising: transmitting, to the first core network function, a third request for accessing the satellite information.
[0028] In some implementations of the methods and the source network entity described herein, further comprising: receiving, from the first core network function, a request for the satellite information associated with the first satellite.
[0029] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function, the target network entity, the source network entity described herein, the first core network function is responsible for one or more of the following functionalities: collecting or retrieving the satellite information, storing the satellite information, processing the satellite information, or provisioning the satellite information.
[0030] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function, the target network entity, the source network entity described herein, the processing the satellite information comprises one of: analyzing, estimating, deriving, or exposing.
[0031] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function, the target network entity, the source network entity described herein, the satellite information associated with the first satellite comprises at least one of: property information of the first satellite, link information of the first satellite, or capability information of the first satellite.
[0032] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function, the target network entity, the source network entity described herein, the property information of the first satellite comprises one or more of: a satellite identifier, ephemeris information, transmission power, a position, moving information, or a satellite capability.
[0033] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function, the target network entity, the source network entity described herein, the link information of the first satellite comprises one or more of: a reception sensitivity of a satellite-ground link or an inter-satellite link (ISL) , a duration of the satellite-ground link or the ISL, a fronthaul and backhaul category of the satellite-ground link or the ISL.
[0034] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function, the target network entity, the source network entity described herein, the capability information of the first satellite comprises one or more of: a payload capacity, a coverage area, a duration associated with the coverage area, or one or more embarked core network functions.
[0035] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function, the target network entity, the source network entity described herein, a dedicated interface is used by the first core network function in a service based architecture (SBA) or outside SBA.
[0036] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function, the target network entity, the source network entity described herein, the first core network function is deployed on the first satellite or on a second satellite, or wherein the first core network function is located on ground.
[0037] In some implementations of the methods, the first core network function, the target network entity, the source network entity described herein, the third core network function is a network function provider and the second core network function is a network function consumer.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0039] FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of satellite-embarked network functions and entities;
[0040] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0041] FIG. 2C illustrates a schematic diagram of the first core network function for handling the satellite information in SBA in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0042] FIG. 3 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0043] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of satellite information in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0044] FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate some example signalling for information collection in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate some example signalling for information provision in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate some example signalling for information authority management in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0047] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0048] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a processor that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0049] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a first core network function in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0050] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a target network entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0051] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of an example method implemented at a source network entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0052] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0053] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below. In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0054] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0055] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms. In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatuses are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0056] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises, ” “comprising, ” “has, ” “having, ” “includes” and / or “including, ” when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, components and / or the like, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. For example, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on.” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The use of an expression such as “A and / or B” can mean either “only A” or “only B” or “both A and B. ” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0057] Some terms that may be used in the present disclosure are provided in Table 1 for reference.
[0058] Table 1
[0059] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network (CN) 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as a long term evolution (LTE) network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as a new radio (NR) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0060] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0061] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, message, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0062] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0063] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the CN 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0064] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink (SL) . For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0065] A network entity 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) . In some implementations, the network entity 102 may be a satellite 102a, there may be full or part of eNB / gNB on board. A communication link 110 between the satellite 102a and the UE 104, a communication link 110 between the satellite 102a and a BS 102, and a communication link 116 between the BS 102 and the CN 106 may be used for the NTN transparent mode. A communication link 110 between the satellite 102a and the UE 104, and a communication link 116 between the satellite 102a (with BS on board) and the CN 106 may be used for the NTN regenerative mode.
[0066] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0067] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0068] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
[0069] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0070] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-C, F1-U) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0071] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the CN 106. As illustrated, some CN functions in the CN 106 may be deployed on a satellite 102b, for example, one or multiple CN functions may be on board. For example, the CN 106 with some CN functions on board may be referred to as a satellite-based core network.
[0072] The CN 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via a network entity 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .
[0073] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0074] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0075] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0076] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0077] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0078] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0079] The satellite-related studies in 3GPP are divided into RAN and CN part. In RAN, the studies are carried out as NTN focusing on air interface and gNB enhancements to support gNB or antenna unit embarked on satellites. The satellite information including the ephemeris is assumed to be obtained by gNB from OAM / O&M and can be signaled to UE via system information for uplink synchronization.
[0080] For the CN part, the following cases and enhancements are studied for satellite access:
[0081] Support for integrating NR satellite access into 5GS. The AMF determines the RAT Type for NR satellite access, i.e. NR (LEO) , NR (MEO) , NR (GEO) and NR (OTHERSAT) . When the UE is accessing NR using satellite access, an indication is provided in N2 interface (AMF-gNB) indicating the type of NR satellite access. The serving PLMN can enforce mobility restrictions for NR satellite access. In order to enable efficient enforcement of Mobility Restrictions, cells of each NR satellite RAT Type (NR (LEO) , NR(MEO) , NR (GEO) or NR (OTHERSAT) ) need to be deployed in TAs different from TAs for other NR satellite RAT Types as well as different from TAs supporting terrestrial access RAT Types.
[0082] Support of discontinuous network coverage for satellite access. If both the UE and the network support “Unavailability Period Support” , and if the UE determines it will lose coverage and will become unavailable, and the UE decides to remain in no service during that time, the UE triggers the Mobility Registration Update procedure (UE-AMF) to inform the network of its unavailability including Start of Unavailability Period and / or Unavailability Period Duration. A UE may use satellite coverage availability information provided by an external server via a PDU Session or SMS (not in 3GPP scope) for satellite access to support discontinuous coverage operations. The AMF may use satellite coverage availability information provisioned by O&M (not UE-specific) to support satellite access by UEs with discontinuous coverage operation.
[0083] Support of store and forward operations and regenerative payloads. Use cases and potential solutions are being studied for Rel-19, and no enhancement has been specified.
[0084] And the following cases and enhancements are studied for satellite backhaul:
[0085] Edge Computing via UPF deployed on satellite (only applies to GEO satellite backhaul) . If the UE is accessing gNB with satellite backhaul, and AMF is aware of the satellite backhaul category, the AMF sends the satellite backhaul category to the PCF (AMF-PCF) for routing. The AMF may determine the GEO Satellite ID serving the UE and send it to the SMF (AMF-SMF) to select UPF deployed on the GEO satellite.
[0086] Local switch for UE-to-UE communications via UPF deployed on satellite (only applies to GEO satellite backhaul) . The UE to UE traffic may be locally routed by UPF (s) deployed on satellite to the target UE without traversing back to the gateway on the ground. The latency optimization that can be gained by inter-satellite link between UPFs depends on the distance between the satellites. If the SMF determines that the UEs are under the same GEO satellite (or multiple connectable GEO satellites) based on GEO Satellite ID (s) reported by AMF, the SMF may select the UPF deployed on GEO satellite and route the data traffic.
[0087] Reporting of satellite backhaul to SMF. If the AMF is aware that a satellite backhaul is used towards 5G AN, the AMF may report this to SMF (AMF-SMF) as part of the PDU Session establishment procedure. If AMF is aware that satellite backhaul category changes (e.g. at handover) , the AMF reports the current satellite backhaul category and indicates the satellite backhaul category change to SMF. Satellite backhaul category refers to the type of the satellite (i.e. GEO, MEO, LEO or OTHERSAT, DYNAMIC_GEO, DYNAMIC_MEO, DYNAMIC _LEO, DYNAMIC_OTHERSAT) used in the backhaul. Only a single backhaul category can be indicated. It is assumed that the AMF can determine the satellite backhaul category based on local configuration.
[0088] However, in the future 5G-Advanced or 6G networks, the possibility of satellite payload will certainly beyond gNB and UPF. FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of an architecture 205 including satellite-embarked network functions and entities. For example, in the ITU-T Recommendation Y. 3201 for FMSC framework, the satellite-based core network can provide a simplified set of the IMT-2020 core network functions in which NACF, SMF, USM and UPF are required and PCF, CEF, NFR, NSSF, AUSF and AF are optional. The NACF, SMF, PCF, CEF, NFR, USM, NSSF, AUSF, AF and UPF can be customized to a lightweight version for deploying on the satellite, wherein the functionalities of PCF, CEF, AUSF and AF can be integrated into USM, and the functionalities of NFR and NSSF can be integrated into NACF.
[0089] Moreover, the future 5G-Advanced or 6G networks have further requirements in managing the satellites involved. For example, in the ITU-T Recommendation Y. 3200 for FMSC requirements, the management plane for FMSC shall be unified providing the functions of network function and connection management considering satellite component and links. The mobility management shall support satellite handover and satellite selection of network functions, and the connection management shall support connection status management, session and service continuity for rapid movement of NGSO satellites.
[0090] ITU-T Recommendation Y. 3200 defined the following requirements regarding satellite in FMSC:
[0091] General requirement: In the converged network, the management plane for fixed access, mobile access, and satellite access is unified, providing the functions of network function management, network connection management, service and application management, user management, and resource management and orchestration.
[0092] Functional requirement –unified mobility management: It is required to support a unified UE handover management and satellite handover management. It is required to support a unified UE selection and satellite selection of network functions. It is recommended to support inter-satellite handover between different satellites. It is recommended to support inter-access handover between different accesses.
[0093] Functional requirement –unified connection management: It is required to support connection status management, including marking the connection status and efficient utilization of network resources. It is required to provide session continuity and service continuity for rapid movement of NGSO satellites. It is required to support unified signalling connection management, including establishing, migrating, and releasing a signalling connection between a UE and the control plane functions including NACF. It is required to support a unified user plane connection management, including activation, reactivation and deactivation of user plane connections.
[0094] Functional requirement –satellite link. IMT-2020 is required to support at least one satellite link, either satellite access or satellite backhaul. IMT-2020 is recommended to support all of the satellite links as many as possible. ITU-T Recommendation Y. 3201 defined the general framework of FMSC mentioning that the satellite-based core network can provide a simplified set of the IMT-2020 core network functions in which NACF, SMF, USM and UPF are required and PCF, CEF, NFR, NSSF, AUSF and AF are optional. The NACF, SMF, PCF, CEF, NFR, USM, NSSF, AUSF, AF and UPF can be customized to a lightweight version for deploying on the satellite, wherein the functionalities of PCF, CEF, AUSF and AF can be integrated into USM, and the functionalities of NFR and NSSF can be integrated into NACF.
[0095] It is observed that, the satellite information exchange studied in 3GPP is limited to satellite RAT type, backhaul category and UE coverage unavailability. Satellite information management as CN functions has not been discussed in 3GPP. It is observed that the ITU FMSC studies focus on defining requirements and framework of satellite-ground network integration, and no dedicated satellite information management function or entity is mentioned or discussed.
[0096] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for satellite information management. A first core network function is defined, and it is responsible for satellite information management. In the solution, the first core network function determines satellite information associated with a first satellite, and then provide the satellite information to a target network entity, which may be a core network function, a RAN node, or a UE. Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0097] In the present disclosure, a term “satellite information” is used, which is related to or associated with a satellite. The satellite information is also called as satellite data or data in some examples.
[0098] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication network 200 in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The example communication network 200 includes a first core network function 210, a first satellite 201, a second core network function 230-1, a first RAN node 230-2, and a UE 230-3, where the first satellite 201 embarks a third core network function 220-1 and / or a second RAN node 220-2.
[0099] As illustrated, the first core network function 210 can communicate with the third core network function 220-1 and / or the second RAN node 220-2. For ease of description, the third core network function 220-1 and a second RAN node 220-2 can be collectively or separately referred to as a source network entity 220. In some examples, the source network entity 220 is deployed on the first satellite 201. In some examples, the source network entity 220 is remote to the first core network function 210. In some examples, although the source network entity 220 is discussed with reference to the third core network function 220-1 or the second RAN node 220-2, it may also be a UE, e.g., deployed on the first satellite 201.
[0100] In some implementations, the first core network function 210 may be located on ground, for example, the first core network function 210 may be near a controlling center of a core network. In some other implementations, the first core network function 210 may also be deployed or embarked in a satellite, for example, the first core network function 210 may be deployed on the first satellite 201 or a second satellite 202.
[0101] As illustrated, the first core network function 210 can communicate with the second core network function 230-1, the first RAN node 230-2, and the UE 230-3. For ease of description, the second core network function 230-1, the first RAN node 230-2, and the UE 230-3 can be collectively or separately referred to as a target network entity 230. In some examples, the second core network function 230-1 may be any CN function. As one example, the second core network function 230-1 may be a UPF or an AF. In some examples, the target network entity 230 may be located on ground, or may be deployed on a satellite, e.g., which is different from a satellite that embarks the first core network function 210.
[0102] In some embodiments, the first core network function 210 may be regarded as a new CN function defined for satellite information management. A name of the first core network function 210 is not limited in the present disclosure, for example, it may be a satellite information function (SIF) , a satellite information management function (SIMF) , or a satellite function (SATF) . It is to be understood that the first core network function 210 can have another different name, and the present disclosure does not limit for this aspect.
[0103] In some implementations, the first core network function 210 is responsible for satellite information management, which may include one or more of the following functionalities: collecting or retrieving the satellite information, storing the satellite information, processing the satellite information, or provisioning the satellite information. For example, the processing may include some or all of: analyzing, estimating, deriving, or exposing. In some examples, the first core network function 210 aims to collect and manage satellite information or data, instead of managing the satellite operation, which is usually done by satellite operations or aerospace authorities.
[0104] In some examples, the first core network function 210 is responsible for satellite information collection, retrieval and storage. For example, the first core network function 210 can collect the satellite information from O&M or an NF, e.g., the source network entity 220 that is embarked on a satellite. In some examples, the core network function 210 is responsible for satellite information analysis, derivation, and estimate. In some examples, the core network function 210 is responsible for satellite provisioning to another NF, such as the target network entity 230. In some examples, the core network function 210 is responsible for satellite information exposure, e.g., to one or more AFs.
[0105] In some implementations, at least one dedicated interface may be defined for the first core network function 210. In some embodiments, at least one dedicated interface used by the first core network function 210 may include an interface with a UPF, an interface with a RAN node, an interface with a UE, and an interface with a CN function.
[0106] FIG. 2C illustrates a schematic diagram of example interfaces 250 for the first core network function for handling the satellite information in SBA. As illustrated, the first core network function may be an SIF / SIMF / SATF 210. An interface between the SIF / SIMF / SATF 210 and UPF 251 may be Nxx, an interface between the SIF / SIMF / SATF 210 and (R) AN 252 may be Nyy, and an interface between the SIF / SIMF / SATF 210 and UE 253 may be Nzz. For example, the (R) AN 252 may be a base station, such as gNB or eNB. For example, xx, yy, and zz may be different numbers. An interface between the SIF / SIMF / SATF 210 and a core network function may be Nsif, Nsimf, or Nsatf, where the core network function may be any CN function in SBA, such as NSSF, NEF, NRF, PCF, UDM, AF, EASDF, NSSAAF, AUSF, AMF, SMF, SCP, NSACF, etc.
[0107] With reference to FIG. 2B, an interface between the first core network function 210 and the UE 230-3 may be Nzz, and an interface between the first core network function 210 and the second RAN node 220-2 (or the first RAN node 230-2) may be Nyy. In case the third core network function 220-1 (or the second core network function 230-1) is UPF, an interface between the first core network function 210 and the third core network function 220-1 (or the second core network function 230-1) may be Nxx. In case the third core network function 220-1 (or the second core network function 230-1) is not UPF, an interface between the first core network function 210 and the third core network function 220-1 (or the second core network function 230-1) may be Nsif, Nsimf, or Nsatf.
[0108] In some examples, any of the third core network function 220-2 or the second core network function 230-1 may be any of CN functions, e.g., that illustrated in FIG. 2C. In some examples, the third core network function 220-2 may be regarded as a NF provider, and the second core network function 230-2 may be regarded as a NF consumer.
[0109] In some examples, a CN function can act as a NF provider in some scenario, and act as a NF consumer in some other scenario. For example, a CN function may be deployed on a second satellite 202, it may act as a NF provider and provide the satellite information of the second satellite 202, and it may also act as a NF consumer and obtain satellite information of the first satellite 201.
[0110] It is to be understood that the number of functions and entities and devices in FIG. 2B is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. For example, the second satellite 202 may embark a CN function. For example, the second core network function 230-1 may include a third party application function.
[0111] FIG. 3 illustrates a signalling chart illustrating communication process 300 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 300 may involve the first core network function 210, the source network entity 220, and the target network entity 230 as shown in FIG. 2B. It is to be understood that the process 300 may also be applied to another scenario different from that shown in FIG. 2B, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0112] In the process 300, the first core network function 210 determines satellite information associated with a first satellite at 320. In some implementations, the satellite information may include property information of the first satellite, link information of the first satellite, or capability information of the first satellite.
[0113] In some examples, the property information of the first satellite may include some or all of the following: a satellite identifier (ID) , ephemeris information, transmission power, a position, moving information, or a satellite capability. In some examples, the link information of the first satellite may include some or all of the following: a reception sensitivity of a satellite-ground link or an inter-satellite link (ISL) , a duration of the satellite-ground link or the ISL, a fronthaul and backhaul category of the satellite-ground link or the ISL. In some examples, the capability information of the first satellite may include some or all of the following: a payload capacity, a coverage area, a duration associated with the coverage area, or one or more embarked core network functions.
[0114] In some instances, the satellite information may include collected information, e.g., from O&M, AF or other NF entity, which may include one or more of: a satellite ID, ephemeris, status of satellite-ground link and ISL (including availability, existing duration, change, fronthaul and backhaul category, transmission power and reception sensitivity) , payloads capacity, coverage area and duration, embarked network entity (including completed / integrated / simplified / lightweighted entity) .
[0115] In some instances, the satellite information may include information that is calculated or derived from the collected information, which may include one or more of: availability, existing duration and change of satellite-ground link and ISL, network topology (NF availability and NF entity reachability) .
[0116] In some instances, the satellite information may include a capability or event that can be exposed, which may include one or more of: capable of satellite information collection, management and estimation, change of service availability or network topology due to satellite.
[0117] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of satellite information 400 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, there is an ISL between the first satellite 201 and the second satellite 202, and there is a satellite-ground link between the first satellite 201 and the earth. In some examples, the satellite information associated with the first satellite 201 may include: information about embarked function, a satellite ID, ephemeris information (such as orbit parameters, position information, and a velocity) , a payload capacity, information about ISL status, information about satellite-ground link status, and information about coverage status. For example, the information about at least one embarked CN function may include a name, an ID, a type, a deployed manner (e.g., completed, integrated, simplified, or lightweighted) of the at least one embarked CN function. For example, the information about the coverage status may include a size of coverage area, a duration of the coverage area.
[0118] It is to be appreciated that the satellite information is provided for illustration without any limitation, some other information may also be included in the satellite information, such as a type of the first satellite, etc.
[0119] In some implementations, the first core network function 210 may be deployed on the first satellite, and the first core network function 210 can obtain the satellite information associated with the first satellite by itself.
[0120] In some implementations, the first core network function 210 may be located on ground or deployed on a second satellite, and the first core network function 210 may receive the satellite information associated with the first satellite from the source network entity 220 at 314. In addition or alternatively, the first core network function 210 may transmit a first request to the source network entity 220 at 312, for example, the first request is used for requesting the satellite information of the first satellite. And accordingly, the satellite information at 314 may be included in a first response which is in response to the first request.
[0121] In some embodiments, a NF service of data collection may be defined for the first core network function 210. In some examples, the NF service may be represented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataCollection or Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataCollection while FIG. 2C is referred. In some embodiments, assume that the first core network function 210 is SIF or SIMF or SATF, a satellite information collection procedure may be defined.
[0122] FIG. 5A illustrates a signalling process 510 for data collection. The process 510 involves the first core network function 210 which is SIF or SIMF or SATF. The process 510 also involves the source network entity 220 which is a NF producer, or an AF. At 511, the first core network function 210 transmits, and the source network entity 220 receives, a first request, which is implemented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataCollection_Request. At 512, the source network entity 220 transmits, and the first core network function 210 receives, a first response, which is implemented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataCollection_Response, where the first response may include satellite information (i.e. collected data) . At 513, the first core network function 210 performs storage or derivation of the collected data.
[0123] In the process 510, the step 511 may be omitted or removed in some cases, for example, the source network entity 220 may transmit collected data once available or updated. The signalling name is illustrated with any limitation, for example, the first response at 512 may be included in Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataCollection_Create.
[0124] FIG. 5B illustrates a signalling process 520 for data collection. The process 520 involves the first core network function 210 which is SIF or SIMF or SATF. The process 520 also involves the source network entity 220 which is a UPF, a second RAN node, or a UE. At 521, the first core network function 210 transmits, and the source network entity 220 receives, a first request, which is implemented as Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataCollection_Request. At 522, the source network entity 220 transmits, and the first core network function 210 receives, a first response, which is implemented as Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataCollection_Response, where the first response may include satellite information (i.e. collected data) . At 523, the first core network function 210 performs storage or derivation of the collected data.
[0125] In the process 520, the step 521 may be omitted or removed in some cases, for example, the source network entity 220 may transmit collected data once available or updated. The signalling name is illustrated with any limitation, for example, the first response at 522 may be included in Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataCollection_Create.
[0126] Alternatively, the satellite information collection procedure may be extended some other cases. In some examples, if the satellite information at the source network entity 220 is updated, the source network entity 220 may transmit, and the first core network function 210 may receive, updated satellite information of the first satellite, for example, the update satellite information may be included in a message such as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataCollection_Update or Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataCollection_Update. In some examples, if the satellite information at the source network entity 220 is (or has) invalid or expired, the source network entity 220 may transmit, and the first core network function 210 may receive, an indication for deleting or removing the satellite information of the first satellite, for example, the indication may be included in a message such as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataCollection_Delete, Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataCollection_Remove, or Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataCollection_Delete, Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataCollection_Remove.
[0127] Referring back to FIG. 3, the first core network function 210 transmits the satellite information associated with the first satellite to the target network entity 230 at 340. In addition or alternatively, the target network entity 230 may transmits a second request at 316, for example, the second request is used for requesting the satellite information of the first satellite. And accordingly the satellite information at 340 may be included in a second response which is in response to the second request.
[0128] In the process 300, the target network entity 230 performs a network operation at 360 based on the satellite information. For example, a communication may be further made by the target network entity 230.
[0129] In some embodiments, a NF service of data provision may be defined for the first core network function 210. In some examples, the NF service may be represented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataProvision or Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataProvision while FIG. 2C is referred. In some embodiments, assume that the first core network function 210 is SIF or SIMF or SATF, a satellite information provision procedure may be defined.
[0130] FIG. 6A illustrates a signalling process 610 for data provision. The process 610 involves the first core network function 210 which is SIF or SIMF or SATF. The process 610 also involves the target network entity 230 which is a NF consumer, or an AF. At 611, the target network entity 230 transmits, and the first core network function 210 receives, a second request, which is implemented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataProvision_Request. At 612, the first core network function 210 searches, or generates, or derive the provisioned data. At 613, the first core network function 210 transmits, and the target network entity 230 receives, a second response, which is implemented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataProvision_Response, where the second response may include satellite information (i.e. provisioned data) .
[0131] In the process 610, the step 611 may be omitted or removed in some cases, for example, the first core network function 210 may transmit collected data once available or updated. The signalling name is illustrated with any limitation, for example, the second response at 613 may be included in Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataProvision_Create.
[0132] Alternatively, the satellite information update or delete procedure may be defined for the first core network function 210. In some examples, if the satellite information at the first core network function 210 is updated, the first core network function 210 may transmit, and the target network entity 230 may receive, updated satellite information of the first satellite, for example, the update satellite information may be included in a message such as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataProvision_Update.
[0133] In some examples, the first core network function 210 may determine that the satellite information at the first core network function 210 is (or has) invalid or expired at 614. In some examples, the first core network function 210 may delete or remove the invalid or expired satellite information. In some examples, the first core network function 210 may transmit, and the target network entity 230 may receive, a notification for deleting or removing the satellite information of the first satellite at 615, for example, the notification may be included in a message such as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataProvision_Delete or Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataProvision_Remove. For example, at 616, the target network entity 230 may further delete or release the satellite information which is invalid or expired.
[0134] FIG. 6B illustrates a signalling process 620 for data provision. The process 620 involves the first core network function 210 which is SIF or SIMF or SATF. The process 620 also involves the target network entity 230 which is a UPF, a first RAN node, or a UE. At 621, the target network entity 230 transmits, and the first core network function 210 receives, a second request, which is implemented as Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataProvision_Request. At 622, the first core network function 210 searches, or generates, or derive the provisioned data. At 623, the first core network function 210 transmits, and the target network entity 230 receives, a second response, which is implemented as Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataProvision_Response, where the second response may include satellite information (i.e. provisioned data) .
[0135] In the process 620, the step 621 may be omitted or removed in some cases, for example, the first core network function 210 may transmit collected data once available or updated. The signalling name is illustrated with any limitation, for example, the second response at 623 may be included in Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataProvision_Create.
[0136] Alternatively, the satellite information update or delete procedure may be defined for the first core network function 210. In some examples, if the satellite information at the first core network function 210 is updated, the first core network function 210 may transmit, and the target network entity 230 may receive, updated satellite information of the first satellite, for example, the update satellite information may be included in a message such as Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataProvision_Update.
[0137] In some examples, the first core network function 210 may determine that the satellite information at the first core network function 210 is invalid or expired at 624, then the first core network function 210 may transmit, and the target network entity 230 may receive, a notification for deleting or removing the satellite information of the first satellite at 625, for example, the notification may be included in a message such as Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataProvision_Delete or Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataProvision_Remove. For example, at 626, the target network entity 230 may further delete or release the satellite information which is invalid or expired.
[0138] In some examples, the source network entity 220 which is embarked on a first satellite may need to acquire and update its corresponding satellite information to maintain knowledge of its satellite association and movement. In some examples, the target network entity 230 which is embarked on a different second satellite or on ground may need some satellite information, the needed satellite information may come from multiple sources including another entity, local configuration, or O&M / OAM, wherein the needed satellite information from different sources can be based on different reference or epoch time with different validity durations. In the solution of the present disclosure, the target network entity 230 can acquire needed satellite information from the first core network function 210, and there is no need to request multiple sources to provide corresponding satellite information. Therefore, the process can be simplified and the overhead can be reduced.
[0139] It is to be noted that although the source network entity 220 is used as a source of the satellite information, the present disclosure does not limit a type of the source network entity 220. For example, the first core network function 210 is introduced in SBA, and it can collect some satellite information from a network function (or entity) or an external server, then it can provide the collected or derived satellite information to another network function (or entity) .
[0140] In some implementations, a NF service of data management or event exposure may be defined for the first core network function 210. In some examples, the NF service may be represented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataManagement or Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataManagement or Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_EventExposure or Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_EventExposure while FIG. 2C is referred. In some embodiments, assume that the first core network function 210 is SIF or SIMF or SATF, a satellite information management or exposure procedure may be defined.
[0141] In some embodiments, a target network entity 230 such as an AF may transmit, and the first core network function 210 may receive, a third request for accessing the satellite information. The first core network function 210 may verify authority information of the target network entity 230 (such as an AF) . In some examples, the authority information may indicate that the target network entity 230 (such as an AF) is allowed to access the satellite information, and the first core network function 210 may transmit a subscribe or authorize message to the target network entity 230 (such as an AF) , in addition or alternatively the satellite information can be further provided to the target network entity 230. In some other examples, the authority information may indicate that the target network entity 230 (such as an AF) is not allowed to access the satellite information, and the first core network function 210 may transmit an unsubscribe or unauthorize message to the target network entity 230 (such as an AF) . In some examples, the authority information may indicate that the target network entity 230 (such as an AF) has a limited authority to access the satellite information, and the first core network function 210 may transmit an exposure response or notification to the target network entity 230 (such as an AF) , in addition or alternatively the satellite information may be processed and the processed satellite information can be provided to the target network entity 230 (such as an AF) . For instance, the first core network function 210 can remove some sensitive information in the satellite information to determine the processed satellite information.
[0142] In some examples, the authority information may also be called as an authority policy or a subscription policy, the third request may be used for subscribing (or unsubscribing in some cases) the satellite information, the present disclosure does not limit for this aspect.
[0143] FIG. 7A illustrates a signalling process 710 for data management. The process 710 involves the first core network function 210 which is SIF or SIMF or SATF. The process 710 also involves the target network entity 230 which is a NF consumer, or an AF. At711, the target network entity 230 transmits, and the first core network function 210 receives, a third request, which is implemented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataManagement_Subscribe_Request. At 712, the first core network function 210 performs data authority management. At 713, the first core network function 210 transmits, and the target network entity 230 receives, a second message which is implemented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataManagement_Subscribe or Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataManagement_Unsubscribe.
[0144] In the process 710, the step 711 may be omitted or removed in some cases, for example, the first core network function 210 may determine authority information of the target network entity 230 once they communicate with each other. The signalling name is illustrated with any limitation, for example, the second message at 713 may be implemented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataManagement_Authorize or Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_DataManagement_Unauthorize.
[0145] FIG. 7B illustrates a signalling process 720 for data management. The process 720 involves the first core network function 210 which is SIF or SIMF or SATF. The process 720 also involves the target network entity 230 which is a UPF, a second RAN node, or a UE. At 721, the target network entity 230 transmits, and the first core network function 210 receives, a third request, which is implemented as Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataManagement_Subscribe_Request. At 722, the first core network function 210 performs data authority management. At 723, the first core network function 210 transmits, and the target network entity 230 receives, a second message which is implemented as Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataManagement_Subscribe or Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataManagement_Unsubscribe.
[0146] In the process 720, the step 721 may be omitted or removed in some cases, for example, the first core network function 210 may determine authority information of the target network entity 230 once they communicate with each other. The signalling name is illustrated with any limitation, for example, the second message at 723 may be implemented as Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataManagement_Authorize or Nxx / Nyy / Nzz_DataManagement_Unauthorize.
[0147] FIG. 7C illustrates a signalling process 730 for event exposure. The process 730 involves the first core network function 210 which is SIF or SIMF or SATF. The process 730 also involves the target network entity 230 which is a NF consumer, or an AF. At 731, the target network entity 230 transmits, and the first core network function 210 receives, a third request, which is implemented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_EventExposure_Request. At 732, the first core network function 210 performs event exposure management. At 733, the first core network function 210 transmits, and the target network entity 230 receives, a third message which is implemented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_EventExposure_Response.
[0148] In the process 730, the step 731 may be omitted or removed in some cases, for example, the first core network function 210 may determine authority information of the target network entity 230 once they communicate with each other. The signalling name is illustrated with any limitation, for example, the third message at 733 may be implemented as Nsif / Nsimf / Nsatf_EventExposure_Notify. In some examples, the third message may be used to inform the target network entity 230 the event or capability exposure policy.
[0149] In SBA, NF services are derived from the system procedures that describe end-to-end functionality, and system procedures can be described by a sequence of NF service operations. From service perspective of view, while the first core network function 210 is introduced in SBA, the corresponding services and procedures are also defined, examples of which may refer to FIGS. 5A-7C discussed above. For example, NF providers and consumers, as well as AFs outside of the core network are considered. For example, if a direct interface is supported between the first core network function and UPF, RAN node, or UE, the corresponding signalling and procedures are considered.
[0150] According to embodiments shown in FIGS. 3-7C, a first core network function is introduced as a dedicated function for satellite information management. In the solution, the first core network function determines satellite information associated with a first satellite which embarks the first core network function or a source network entity, and the first core network function further provide the satellite information to a target network entity which may be one of a second core network function, a first RAN node, or a UE. In this way, the target network entity can acquire needed satellite information from the first core network function, other signalling with one or more other sources may not needed. For example, the first core network function can handle satellite information of all satellite-embarked functions and entities. Accordingly, a unified satellite information handling mechanism in SBA for 5G-Advanced or 6G network. Therefore, the process of acquiring the satellite information for the target network entity can be simplified and the overhead can be reduced. Accordingly, the communication efficiency can be improved.
[0151] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 may be an example of a RAN node as described herein. The device 800 may support wireless communication with the first core network function 210, the source network entity 220, or the target network entity 230, or any combination thereof. The device 800 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 802, a memory 804, a transceiver 806, and, optionally, an I / O controller 808. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0152] The processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0153] In some implementations, the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804) .
[0154] For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the device 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for actions discussed above.
[0155] The processor 802 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 802 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 802. The processor 802 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 804) to cause the device 800 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0156] The memory 804 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 802 cause the device 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 802 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 804 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0157] The I / O controller 808 may manage input and output signals for the device 800. The I / O controller 808 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 808 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 808 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 808 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 806. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 800 via the I / O controller 808 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 808.
[0158] In some implementations, the device 800 may include a single antenna 810. However, in some other implementations, the device 800 may have more than one antenna 810 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 806 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 810, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 806 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 806 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 810 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 810. The transceiver 806 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0159] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 810 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0160] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 810 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0161] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a processor 900 that is suitable for implementing some embodiments of the present disclosure. The processor 900 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may include a controller 902 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may optionally include at least one memory 904, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 900 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 906. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0162] The processor 900 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0163] The controller 902 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 902 may operate as a control unit of the processor 900, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 900. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0164] The controller 902 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 904 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 902 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 904. The controller 902 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 902 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 902 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 900. The controller 902 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 900.
[0165] The memory 904 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 900 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 904 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the memory 904 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 900) .
[0166] The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 900, cause the processor 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 902 and / or the processor 900 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 904 to cause the processor 900 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 900 and / or the controller 902 may be coupled with or to the memory 904, the processor 900, the controller 902, and the memory 904 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 900 may include multiple processors and the memory 904 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0167] The one or more ALUs 906 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . One or more ALUs 906 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 906 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 906 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 906 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 906 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0168] The processor 900 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support a means for operations described in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0169] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 performed by a first core network function in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by the first core network function 210 in FIG. 2B or FIG. 2C. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0170] At 1010, the method may include determining satellite information associated with a first satellite. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by the first core network function 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2B. In some examples, the first core network function 210 may be SIF, SIMF, or SATF.
[0171] At 1020, the method may include transmitting the satellite information to a target network entity, wherein the target network entity comprises one of: a second core network function, a first RAN node, or a UE. The operations of 1020 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by the first core network function 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0172] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 performed by a target network entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by the target network entity 230 in FIG. 2B. For example, the target network entity 230 may be a second core network function 230-1 or a first RAN node 230-2 or a UE 230-3 in FIG. 2B. For example, the second core network function 230-1 may be any of: UPF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, PCF, UDM, AF, EASDF, NSSAAF, AUSF, AMF, SMF, SCP, NSACF, etc. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0173] At 1110, the method may include receiving, from a first core network function, satellite information associated with a first satellite. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by the target network entity 230 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0174] At 1120, the method may include performing a network operation based on the satellite information received from the first core network function. The operations of 1120 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by the target network entity 230 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0175] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1200 performed by a source network entity in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by the source network entity 220 in FIG. 2B. For example, the source network entity 220 is deployed on a first satellite. For examples, the source network entity 220 may be a third core network function 220-1 or a second RAN node 220-2 in FIG. 2B. For example, the third core network function 220-1 may be any of: UPF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, PCF, UDM, AF, EASDF, NSSAAF, AUSF, AMF, SMF, SCP, NSACF, etc. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0176] At 1210, the method may include determining satellite information associated with a first satellite. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by the BS 235 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0177] At 1220, the method may include transmitting, to a first core network function, the satellite information associated with the first satellite. The operations of 1220 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by the BS 235 as described with reference to FIG. 2B.
[0178] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0179] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0180] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0181] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0182] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0183] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first core network function comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first core network function to:determine satellite information associated with a first satellite; andtransmit the satellite information to a target network entity, the target network entity comprising one of: a second core network function, a first radio access network (RAN) node, or a user equipment (UE) .2.The first core network function of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first core network function to:receive, from a source network entity, the satellite information associated with the first satellite, wherein the source network entity is remote to the first core network function, and wherein the source network entity comprises one of a third core network function or a second RAN node.3.The first core network function of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first core network function to:transmit, to the source network entity, a request for the satellite information associated with the first satellite.4.The first core network function of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first core network function to:receive, from the target network entity, a request for the satellite information associated with the first satellite.5.The first core network function of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first core network function to:determine that the satellite information associated with the first satellite has expired; andtransmit, to the target network entity, a notification indicating that the satellite information associated with the first satellite is to be deleted.6.The first core network function of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first core network function to:determine access information associated with an authority policy or an exposure policy for accessing the satellite information; andtransmit, to the target network entity, a message indicating the access information.7.The first core network function of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first core network function to:receive, from the target entity, a request for accessing the satellite information.8.The first core network function of claim 1, wherein the first core network function is responsible for one or more of the following functionalities:collecting or retrieving the satellite information,storing the satellite information,processing the satellite information, orprovisioning the satellite information.9.The first core network function of claim 1, wherein the satellite information associated with the first satellite comprises at least one of:property information of the first satellite,link information of the first satellite, orcapability information of the first satellite.10.The first core network function of claim 9, wherein the property information of the first satellite comprises one or more of:a satellite identifier,ephemeris information,transmission power,a position,moving information, ora satellite capability.11.The first core network function of claim 9, wherein the link information of the first satellite comprises one or more of:a reception sensitivity of a satellite-ground link or an inter-satellite link (ISL) ,a duration of the satellite-ground link or the ISL, ora fronthaul and backhaul category of the satellite-ground link or the ISL.12.The first core network function of claim 9, wherein the capability information of the first satellite comprises one or more of:a payload capacity,a coverage area,a duration associated with the coverage area, orone or more embarked core network functions.13.The first core network function of claim 1, wherein the first core network function is deployed on the first satellite or on a second satellite.14.A target network entity comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the target network entity to:receive, from a first core network function, satellite information associated with a first satellite; andperform a network operation based on the satellite information received form the first core network function.15.The target network entity of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the target network entity to:transmit, to the first core network function, a request for the satellite information associated with the first satellite.16.The target network entity of claim 14, wherein the target network entity is one of: a second core network function, a first radio access network (RAN) node, or a user equipment (UE) .17.The target network entity of claim 14, wherein the satellite information associated with the first satellite comprises at least one of:property information of the first satellite,link information of the first satellite, orcapability information of the first satellite,wherein the property information of the first satellite comprises one or more of: a satellite identifier, ephemeris information, transmission power, a position, moving information, or a satellite capability,wherein the link information of the first satellite comprises one or more of: a reception sensitivity of a satellite-ground link or an inter-satellite link (ISL) , a duration of the satellite-ground link or the ISL, or a fronthaul and backhaul category of the satellite-ground link or the ISL,wherein the capability information of the first satellite comprises one or more of: a payload capacity, a coverage area, a duration associated with the coverage area, or one or more embarked core network functions.18.A source network entity comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the source network entity to:determine satellite information associated with a first satellite; andtransmit, to a first core network function, the satellite information associated with the first satellite.19.The source network entity of claim 18, wherein the source network entity is remote to the first core network function, and wherein the source network entity is one of: a third core network function or a second radio access network (RAN) node.20.The source network entity of claim 18, wherein the satellite information associated with the first satellite comprises at least one of:property information of the first satellite,link information of the first satellite, orcapability information of the first satellite,wherein the property information of the first satellite comprises one of: a satellite identifier, ephemeris information, transmission power, a position, moving information, or a satellite capability,wherein the link information of the first satellite comprises one of: a reception sensitivity of a satellite-ground link or an inter-satellite link (ISL) , a duration of the satellite-ground link or the ISL, or a fronthaul and backhaul category of the satellite-ground link or the ISL,wherein the capability information of the first satellite comprises one of: a payload capacity, a coverage area, a duration associated with the coverage area, or one or more embarked core network functions.