Cementitious composition and cementitious material

Abstract

The present application relates to a cementitious composition and a cementitious material. The cementitious composition provided by the present application comprises waste incineration fly ash, solidified slag from waste incineration fly ash washing liquid, gypsum and aluminosilicate solid waste, wherein, based on the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash, the solidified slag from waste incineration fly ash washing liquid, the gypsum and the aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 30%-70%, the mass content of the aluminosilicate solid waste is 10%-50%, the mass content of the solidified slag from waste incineration fly ash washing liquid is 3%-15%, and the mass content of the gypsum is 5%-20%. The cementitious composition provided in the present application realizes the comprehensive resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash and provides a new direction for cementitious materials.

Description

A gelling composition and a gelling material

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 2024102114000, filed on February 27, 2024, entitled “A Cementing Composition and Cementing Material”. The entire contents of the above patent application are incorporated into this application as a whole. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization, and in particular to a gelling composition and a gelling material. Background Art

[0004] In recent years, my country's municipal solid waste incineration industry has developed rapidly, with incineration capacity increasing annually, exceeding 250 million tons per year. In typical incineration plants, lime or lime milk is added to the flue gas treatment process to neutralize the acidic gases produced during the combustion of plastics and rubber, thereby producing fly ash. This process also transfers some pollutants from the municipal solid waste into the fly ash, resulting in high concentrations of heavy metals, dioxins, and soluble salts.

[0005] At present, the main methods commonly used for treating fly ash from the incineration of domestic waste at home and abroad are: ① chelating agent solidification and stabilization method; ② plasma high-temperature melting method; ③ cement kiln co-processing method.

[0006] Chelated fly ash is made by using a chelating agent to fix heavy metal ions by chelating them. After chelation, the heavy metal leaching concentration of the fly ash reaches the requirements of GB / T1689-2008 and then enters the landfill for landfill. However, my country's land resources are scarce, and the operation and management level of existing landfills is low, which poses a risk of secondary pollution. The plasma high-temperature melting method is to form fly ash into a glassy state at a temperature above 1400°C. This technology has high energy consumption, complex technology, high operating costs, and cannot be used on a large scale. Cement kiln collaborative technology has extremely stringent requirements on the chlorine content of the fly ash entering the kiln, and the calcination temperature is above 1000°C, which has high energy consumption. With the gradual promotion of my country's carbon peak and carbon neutrality work, the cement industry has been restricted in cement production due to large carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, cement kiln collaborative technology also has the disadvantage of small fly ash processing capacity.

[0007] During the cement solidification process of waste incineration fly ash, the early expansion rate of the cement specimen is very fast, resulting in cracking, reduced strength, and even disintegration of the specimen. This is closely related to the reaction of elemental aluminum in waste incineration fly ash to produce hydrogen in an alkaline environment, which brings difficulties to the treatment, disposal and resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash.

[0008] Summary of the Invention

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a gelling composition and a gelling material. The gelling composition provided by the present application realizes the comprehensive utilization of waste incineration fly ash and provides a new direction for gelling materials.

[0010] In a first aspect, the present application provides a cementitious composition comprising waste incineration fly ash, solidified slag from waste incineration fly ash washing liquid, gypsum and aluminosilicate solid waste, wherein, based on the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash, solidified slag from waste incineration fly ash washing liquid, gypsum and aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 30%-70%, the mass content of the aluminosilicate solid waste is 10%-50%, the mass content of the solidified slag from waste incineration fly ash washing liquid is 3%-20%, and the mass content of the gypsum is 5%-20%.

[0011] The main components of fly ash from garbage incineration are aluminosilicate minerals such as silica, calcium carbonate, and calcium sulfate. They have certain volcanic ash activity and can be used as a cementitious material after dechlorination and detoxification. While stabilizing and solidifying the fly ash, it can also achieve its safe resource utilization. The alkaline components in fly ash can effectively improve the early mechanical properties of gypsum slag. The higher the fly ash content, the higher the alkalinity in the cementitious material system, and the strength also increases accordingly. However, when the content is too high, the proportion of low-activity components in the fly ash, such as silica and calcium carbonate, is too high, resulting in a decrease in overall hydration activity and a decrease in mechanical properties. Solidified slag from water washings of fly ash from garbage incineration can improve the early mechanical properties of cementitious materials. This application accelerates the early dissolution of mineral powder and improves the mechanical properties of cementitious materials by compounding fly ash from garbage incineration, solidified slag from water washings of fly ash from garbage incineration, and aluminosilicate solid waste. At the same time, it solidifies the residual heavy metals in the washed fly ash, so that the heavy metal leaching amount of the 28-day test block of the cementitious material meets the requirements of GB18598-2019 "Hazardous Waste Landfill Pollution Control Standard".

[0012] In some embodiments, based on the total mass of waste incineration fly ash, waste incineration fly ash water washing liquid solidified slag, gypsum and aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69% or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 35%-55%. In some embodiments, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 45%-55%.

[0013] In some embodiments, based on the total mass of waste incineration fly ash, waste incineration fly ash water washing liquid solidified slag, gypsum and aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the aluminosilicate solid waste is 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49% or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the mass content of the aluminosilicate solid waste is 25%-45%. In some embodiments, the mass content of the aluminosilicate solid waste is 25%-35%.

[0014] In some embodiments, based on the total mass of waste incineration fly ash, waste incineration fly ash water washing liquid solidified slag, gypsum and aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash water washing liquid solidified slag is 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12%, 12.5%, 13%, 13.5%, 14%, 14.5%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19% or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash water washing liquid solidified slag is 5%-15%. In some embodiments, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash water washing liquid solidified slag is 8%-13%.

[0015] In some embodiments, the mass content of the gypsum is 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, or any value therebetween, based on the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash, the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid, the gypsum, and the aluminosilicate solid waste. In some embodiments, the mass content of the gypsum is 5%-15%.

[0016] In some embodiments, based on the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash, the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid, gypsum and aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 35%-55%, the mass content of the aluminosilicate solid waste is 25%-45%, the mass content of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid is 8%-13%, and the mass content of the gypsum is 5%-15%.

[0017] In some embodiments, based on the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash, the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid, gypsum and aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 45%-55%, the mass content of the aluminosilicate solid waste is 28%-35%, the mass content of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid is 8%-13%, and the mass content of the gypsum is 8%-13%.

[0018] In some embodiments, based on the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash and the aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 30%-90%, for example, 35%, 40%, 43%, 47%, 50%, 53%, 55%, 57%, 60%, 63%, 65%, 67%, 70%, 73%, 75%, 77%, 80%, 83%, 85%, 87% or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, based on the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash and the aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid is 45%-70%, for example, 55%-65% or 60%-65%.

[0019] In some embodiments, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 40%-65% based on the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash and the aluminosilicate solid waste.

[0020] In some embodiments, based on the total mass of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash water washing liquid and the aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash water washing liquid is 10%-55%, for example, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54% or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, based on the total mass of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash water washing solution and the aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash water washing solution is 15%-30%, for example, 20%-25% or 23%-28%.

[0021] In some embodiments, the preparation of solidified slag from waste incineration fly ash washing liquid comprises the following steps:

[0022] Step S1: Mix the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid with the acid solution of the precipitant to obtain a first mixed solution. Preferably, in the first mixed solution, Ca 2+ 、Al 3+ and SO42- The molar ratio of ions is 6:(1.5-2.5):(2.5-3.5);

[0023] Step S2: adjusting the pH of the first mixed solution of step S1 to greater than 11, for example, 11.5-12.5, using an alkaline solution, and reacting the waste incineration fly ash washing solution to obtain a reaction product;

[0024] Optionally, step S3: filtering and drying the reaction product of step S2 to obtain the solidified slag of the waste incineration fly ash water washing liquid.

[0025] In some embodiments, in the first mixed solution, Ca 2+ 、Al 3+ and SO4 2- The molar ratio of the ions is 6:(1.8-2.2):(2.8-3.2), for example 6:2:3.

[0026] In some embodiments, in step S1, the amount of the precipitant is adjusted so that the Ca 2+ 、Al 3+ and SO4 2- The molar ratio of ions is 6:(1.5-2.5):(2.5-3.5).

[0027] In some embodiments, the precipitant is selected from one or more of fly ash, fumed slag, red mud, silica fume, and aluminum ash.

[0028] In some embodiments, the acid solution of the precipitant is selected from a sulfuric acid solution of the precipitant. In some embodiments, the sulfuric acid solution of the precipitant is obtained by mixing the precipitant with the sulfuric acid solution. In some embodiments, the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 1 mol / L-10 mol / L.

[0029] In some embodiments, in step S2, the alkali solution is selected from one or more of saturated NaOH solution, saturated KOH solution and aqueous ammonia.

[0030] In some embodiments, in step S2, the pH of the first mixed solution is adjusted to 11.8-12.3, for example, 12.

[0031] In some embodiments, in step S2, the reaction is carried out at room temperature, for example, 5° C.-35° C. In some embodiments, in step S2, the reaction time is 60 min-150 min, for example, 70 min, 90 min, 100 min or 120 min.

[0032] In some embodiments, the solidified slag of waste incineration fly ash washing liquid of the present application is obtained by the following specific method:

[0033] The precipitant is dissolved in a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 1-10 mol / L, and the sulfuric acid solution in which the precipitant is dissolved is mixed with the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid to control the Ca content in the mixed liquid. 2+ 、Al 3+ and SO4 2- The molar ratio of - ions is 6:2:3. Saturated NaOH solution is then added to adjust the pH of the mixture to approximately 12. The mixture is reacted at room temperature, for example, for 90 minutes. The precipitated residue is filtered, and the filter cake is dried in a vacuum drying oven, preferably at a temperature of 60°C and for 24 hours, to obtain solidified residue from the water washing liquid of waste incineration fly ash, which is referred to as solidified residue from the water washing liquid.

[0034] In some embodiments, the total chlorine content of the waste incineration fly ash is less than or equal to 2 wt%, for example, 1.0 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 1.5 wt% or 1.7 wt%.

[0035] In some embodiments, the dioxin toxicity equivalent of the waste incineration fly ash is less than or equal to 15 ng / kg, for example, 5 ng / kg, 7 ng / kg, 9 ng / kg, 10 ng / kg, 11 ng / kg or 13 ng / kg.

[0036] Waste incineration fly ash is primarily composed of aluminosilicate minerals such as silica, calcium carbonate, and calcium sulfate. These minerals exhibit a certain degree of pozzolanic activity and, after dechlorination and detoxification, can be used as a cementitious material, stabilizing and solidifying the fly ash while achieving safe resource utilization. This application utilizes dechlorinated and detoxified fly ash with a total chlorine content of ≤2% and a dioxin toxicity equivalent of ≤15 ng / kg, along with solidified residue from fly ash washes, to prepare a new cementitious material for resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash.

[0037] In some embodiments, the waste incineration fly ash is selected from domestic waste incineration fly ash.

[0038] In some embodiments, the waste incineration fly ash includes 30wt%-50wt%, such as 33wt%, 35wt%, 37wt%, 40wt%, 43wt%, 45wt%, 47wt% or 49wt% of CaO and 15wt%-25wt%, such as 16wt%, 18wt%, 20wt%, 22wt% or 24wt% of SiO2.

[0039] In some embodiments, the gypsum is selected from one or more of anhydrous gypsum and / or desulfurized gypsum.

[0040] In some embodiments, the aluminosilicate solid waste is selected from mineral powder and / or fly ash.

[0041] In some embodiments, untreated waste incineration fly ash is sequentially subjected to water washing treatment and heat treatment to obtain the waste incineration fly ash.

[0042] In some embodiments, the liquid-to-solid ratio in the water washing treatment is 1:1-15:1, for example, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, 1:12, 1:13, 1:14 or any value therebetween.

[0043] In some embodiments, the number of water washing treatments is 1 to 5 times, for example, 2, 3 or 4 times. In some embodiments, the time for each water washing treatment is 10 min to 30 min, for example, 15 min, 20 min or 25 min.

[0044] In some embodiments, the heat treatment temperature is 400°C-600°C, for example, 450°C, 500°C or 550°C.

[0045] In some embodiments, the heat treatment time is 30 min-60 min, for example, 35 min, 40 min, 45 min, 50 min or 55 min.

[0046] In some embodiments, the waste incineration fly ash of the present application can be obtained by the following specific methods:

[0047] (1) washing the original fly ash from garbage incineration with water for 1 to 3 times at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 1:1 to 15:1 and stirring for 10 to 30 minutes to obtain washed fly ash, wherein the total chlorine content of the washed fly ash is ≤2%;

[0048] (2) The washed waste incineration fly ash is placed in a pyrolysis furnace and subjected to heat treatment at 400-600° C. for 30-60 min. After the heat treatment, dioxins in the waste incineration fly ash are effectively removed, and the dioxin toxicity equivalent of the pyrolysis waste incineration fly ash is ≤15 ng / kg.

[0049] In a second aspect, the present application provides a gelling material comprising the gelling composition according to the first aspect and water.

[0050] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the water to the gelling composition is 0.3-0.55:1, for example, 0.35:1, 0.4:1, 0.45:1 or 0.5:1.

[0051] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0052] (1) This application can effectively utilize waste incineration fly ash after the removal of chloride salts and dioxins, as well as heavy metal solidified residue from fly ash washings, to prepare a new type of cementitious material. The cementitious material provided in this application has a 28-day compressive strength that meets the needs of specific projects, and its heavy metal leaching value meets the requirements of GB18598-2019 "Hazardous Waste Landfill Pollution Control Standards", thus achieving comprehensive utilization of waste incineration fly ash.

[0053] (2) The preparation process of the gelling material provided in this application is simple and the conditions are easy to control, which is conducive to large-scale production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to constitute any limitation to this application.

[0055] 1. The waste incineration fly ash 1 to be treated is washed with water 5 times (each washing time is 30 minutes) under the condition of a liquid-solid ratio of 3:1 to obtain washed waste incineration fly ash 1.

[0056] Washed waste incineration fly ash 1 was dried and then passed into a pyrolysis furnace for heat treatment at 400°C for 60 minutes to obtain dechlorinated and detoxified waste incineration fly ash, designated as fly ash 1. The composition and performance parameters of fly ash 1 are detailed in Table 1.

[0057] The same treatment method as that used for the original waste incineration fly ash 1 was used to treat the waste incineration fly ash raw ash 2 and the waste incineration fly ash raw ash 3 to obtain fly ash 2 and fly ash 3. The main composition and properties of each fly ash are shown in Table 1.

[0058] The waste incineration fly ash raw ashes 1, 2, and 3 were derived from the fly ashes collected from a waste incineration power plant in the mainland in March, June, and October, respectively.

[0059] Table 1

[0060] 2. Water washing liquid solidified slag

[0061] The amount of precipitant is determined according to its composition: first detect the Ca content in the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid. 2+ 、Al 3+ and SO4 2- Content, according to the content of Al2O3, SO2 in the solid phase of the precipitant and the Ca 2+ 、Al 3+ and SO4 2- Adjust the amount of precipitant to ensure that after the precipitant is added and dissolved, the Ca content in the solution 2+ 、Al 3+ and SO42- -The molar ratio of ions is controlled to be 6:2:3.

[0062] Specifically, the precipitant fly ash is dissolved in a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 10 mol / L, and the sulfuric acid solution in which the fly ash is dissolved is mixed with the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid to control the Ca content in the mixed liquid. 2+ 、Al 3+ and SO4 2- The molar ratio of - ions was 6:2:3. Saturated NaOH solution was then added to adjust the pH of the mixture to approximately 12. The mixture was reacted at room temperature for 90 minutes. The precipitated residue was filtered, and the filter cake was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60°C for 24 hours to obtain solidified residue from the water washing liquid of the waste incineration fly ash, which was recorded as solidified residue from the water washing liquid.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] Preparation of cementitious materials:

[0065] Place the fly ash 1, water wash solidified slag, gypsum, and mineral powder in the above-mentioned formula into a powder mixer. Pre-mix first, then mix thoroughly to a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.5. Slowly mix for 120 seconds in a slurry mixer, hold for 30 seconds, then rapidly mix for 120 seconds to form a slurry. Pour into a mold, cure at room temperature for 1 day, then remove the mold and cure in a standard curing box.

[0066] Example 2-Example 23, Comparative Example 1-Comparative Example 2

[0067] The types and weight proportions of the raw materials used in the other examples and comparative examples are detailed in Table 2. The preparation method of the gelling material is the same as that in Example 1.

[0068] Performance Testing

[0069] The 3-day and 28-day compressive strength of cementitious materials were tested using a micro-servo compression testing machine according to the compressive strength determination method specified in GB / T17671-1999.

[0070] According to the standard HJ / T 299-2007 “Toxicity leaching method of solid waste - sulfuric acid and nitric acid method”, heavy metal leaching experiments of cementitious materials were carried out.

[0071] The test results are detailed in Tables 2 and 3.

[0072] Table 2

[0073] The technical solution of the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments. Any technical variations made according to the technical solution of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A gelling composition comprising waste incineration fly ash, solidified slag from waste incineration fly ash washing liquid, gypsum and aluminosilicate solid waste, wherein: Based on the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash, the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid, gypsum and aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 30%-70%, the mass content of the aluminosilicate solid waste is 10%-50%, the mass content of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid is 3%-20%, and the mass content of the gypsum is 5%-20%.

2. The gelling composition according to claim 1, characterized in that Based on the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash, the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid, the gypsum and the aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 35%-55%, the mass content of the aluminosilicate solid waste is 25%-45%, the mass content of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid is 8%-13%, and the mass content of the gypsum is 5%-15%; and / or Based on the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash and the aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 30%-90%; and / or Based on the total mass of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing solution and the aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing solution is 10%-55%.

3. The gelling composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Based on the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash and the aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the waste incineration fly ash is 45%-70%; and / or Based on the total mass of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing solution and the aluminosilicate solid waste, the mass content of the solidified slag from the waste incineration fly ash washing solution is 15%-30%.

4. The gelling composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The preparation of solidified slag from waste incineration fly ash washing liquid comprises the following steps: Step S1: Mix the waste incineration fly ash washing liquid with the acid solution of the precipitant to obtain a first mixed solution. Preferably, in the first mixed solution, Ca 2+ 、Al 3+ and SO4 2- The molar ratio of ions is 6:(1.5-2.5):(2.5-3.5); Step S2: adjusting the pH of the first mixed solution of step S1 to greater than 11, for example, 11.5-12.5, using an alkaline solution, and reacting the waste incineration fly ash washing solution to obtain a reaction product; Optional step S3: filtering and drying the reaction product of step S2 to obtain the solidified slag of the waste incineration fly ash water washing liquid.

5. The gelling composition according to claim 4, characterized in that In step S1, the amount of the precipitant is adjusted so that the Ca 2+ 、Al 3+ and SO4 2- The molar ratio of ions is 6:(1.5-2.5):(2.5-3.5); and / or The precipitant is selected from one or more of fly ash, fumed slag, red mud, silica ash and aluminum ash; and / or The acid solution of the precipitant is selected from the sulfuric acid solution of the precipitant.

6. The gelling composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The total chlorine content of the waste incineration fly ash is less than or equal to 2 wt%; and / or The dioxin toxicity equivalent of the waste incineration fly ash is less than or equal to 15 ng / kg; and / or The waste incineration fly ash is selected from domestic waste incineration fly ash; and / or The waste incineration fly ash comprises 30wt%-50wt% of CaO and 15wt%-25wt% of SiO2; and / or The gypsum is selected from anhydrous gypsum and / or desulfurized gypsum; and / or The aluminosilicate solid waste is selected from mineral powder and / or fly ash.

7. The gelling composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The untreated waste incineration fly ash is sequentially subjected to water washing treatment and heat treatment to obtain the waste incineration fly ash.

8. The gelling composition according to claim 7, characterized in that The liquid-to-solid ratio in the water washing process is 1:1-15:1, and / or the number of water washing processes is 1-5 times, and / or the time for each water washing process is 10 min-30 min; and / or The heat treatment temperature is 400° C.-600° C., and / or the heat treatment time is 30 min-60 min.

9. A gelling material comprising the gelling composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and water.

10. The gelling material according to claim 9, characterized in that The mass ratio of the water to the gelling composition is 0.3-0.55:1.

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