Methods, apparatuses, and systems for joint active node synchronization and passive target positioning
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
Smart Images

Figure CN2024086949_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS, APPARATUSES, AND SYSTEMS FOR JOINT ACTIVE NODE SYNCHRONIZATION AND PASSIVE TARGET POSITIONING
[0001] TECHINICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to methods, apparatuses and systems for circuits, devices and systems for communications systems, in particular for joint active node synchronization and passive target positioning.BACKGROUND
[0003] Sustainability is an important aspect of sixth generation (6G) networking which aims to increase overall energy efficiency of terminals and infrastructure. Low power mode positioning and synchronization are among some of the vital services that may be beneficial for several other services such as data communication. For example, having a position of UEs in low power mode may facilitate an initial access procedure which is typically performed before data communication. Many existing positioning solutions for cellular systems focus on active node positioning where a node with unknown position should cooperate in transmissions and / or perform measurements. Furthermore, their performances may be sensitive to inter-anchor synchronization and their corresponding procedure include digital processing which may cause high power consumption. Issues existing relating to issues of sensitivity to synchronization may be addressed at costs of large signaling overhead and service delay.
[0004] Existing positioning methods for fifth generation (5G) networks may include back-and-forth signal techniques and may comprise downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA) , uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDoA) , and multi-cell round-trip time (RTT) . A common disadvantage of these methods is that they require digital processing due to using digital sequences for positioning. As a result, such methods have relatively high-power consumption which is not desirable for scenarios with low power budgets.SUMMARY
[0005] In some embodiments disclosed herein, methods provide a solution in terms of signaling and procedure for finding the position of a passive target while providing for the synchronization with an active node (e.g. UE) of the network. Such multi-objective procedures are expected to be useful in future 6G systems where efficiency is of important. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, methods are directed at signal and procedure to jointly perform passive target positioning and active node (e.g. UE) synchronization in low power modes using linear frequency modulated (LFM) -based (a. k. a. chirp-based) sensing signals.
[0006] Embodiments disclosed herein provide design of the signaling and procedures for the back-and-forth transmission between two nodes using LFM-based signals enabling joint passive target positioning and active node synchronization, reducing overhead with respect to the case where target positioning and active node synchronization are performed separately, and reducing receiver complexity and power consumption
[0007] In a broad aspect of the present disclosure, a method comprises: transmitting a first linear frequency modulated (LFM) -based signal to a target node; receiving a second LFM-based signal from the target node, the second LFM-based signal comprising a first time offset associated with the first LFM-based signal; obtaining a time of arrival (ToA) , an angle of arrival (AoA) , and the first time offset from the second LFM-based signal; determining a first synchronization time offset from the ToA and the second LFM-based signal for synchronizing the target node with a source node; and determining the position of a target from the ToA, the AoA, a position of the source node, and a position of the target node.
[0008] In some embodiments, the first time offset is determined from measurements of the first LFM-based signal.
[0009] In some embodiments, the first time offset is extracted from the second LFM-based signal.
[0010] In some embodiments, the method further comprises receiving configuration parameters, the configuration parameters comprising first LFM-based signal configuration parameters and second LFM-based signal configuration parameters.
[0011] In some embodiments, the first LFM-based signal configuration parameters comprise a sensing signal type, a first set of sensing signal parameters, and a first transmission time.
[0012] In some embodiments, the first set of sensing signal parameters comprises one or more of a number of chirps, a sequence of chirp rates, a sequence of chirp time durations, and a sequence of chirp starting frequencies.
[0013] In some embodiments, the second LFM-based signal configuration parameters comprises a sensing signal type, a second set of sensing signal parameters, and a second transmission time.
[0014] In some embodiments, the second set of sensing signal parameters comprises one or more of a number of chirps, a sequence of chirp rates, a sequence of chirp time durations, and a sequence of chirp starting frequencies.
[0015] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: determining a second time offset from measurements of the second LFM-based signal; embedding the second time offset into a third LFM-based signal; and transmitting, to the target node, the third LFM-based signal.
[0016] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters further comprise third LFM-based signal configuration parameters.
[0017] In some embodiments, the third LFM-based signal configuration parameters comprises a sensing signal type, a third set of sensing signal parameters, and a third transmission time.
[0018] In some embodiments, the third set of sensing signal parameters comprises one or more of a number of chirps, a sequence of chirp rates, a sequence of chirp time durations, and a sequence of chirp starting frequencies.
[0019] In some embodiments, the second LFM-based signal comprises sensing data determined from signal configuration parameters of the first LFM-based signal.
[0020] In some embodiments, the second LFM-based signal comprises a first LFM-based sub-signal and a second LFM-based sub-signal, wherein: the first LFM-based sub-signal comprises an identifier for the target node, and the second LFM-based sub-signal comprises sensing information.
[0021] In some embodiments, the first LFM-based sub-signal is a preamble.
[0022] In some embodiments, the second LFM-based signal comprises a time gap between the first LFM-based sub-signal and the second LFM-based sub-signal.
[0023] In another broad aspect, a method comprises: receiving a first LFM-based signal from a source node; determining a first ToA from the first LFM-based signal; determining a first time offset from measurements of the first LFM-based signal; embedding the first time offset into a second LFM-based signal; and transmitting the second LFM-based signal to the source node.
[0024] In some embodiments, the method further comprises receiving configuration parameters, the configuration parameters comprising first LFM-based signal configuration parameters and second LFM-based signal configuration parameters.
[0025] In some embodiments, the first LFM-based signal configuration parameters comprises a sensing signal type, a first set of sensing signal parameters, and a first transmission time.
[0026] In some embodiments, the first set of sensing signal parameters comprises one or more of a number of chirps, a sequence of chirp rates, a sequence of chirp time durations, and a sequence of chirp starting frequencies.
[0027] In some embodiments, the second LFM-based signal configuration parameters comprises a sensing signal type, a second set of sensing signal parameters, and a second transmission time.
[0028] In some embodiments, The method of claim 21, wherein the second set of sensing signal parameters comprises one or more of a number of chirps, a sequence of chirp rates, a sequence of chirp time durations, and a sequence of chirp starting frequencies.
[0029] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: receiving a third LFM-based signal from the source node, the third LFM-based signal comprising a second time offset associated with the second LFM-based signal; and determining a second synchronization time offset from the second time offset for synchronizing the source node with the target node.
[0030] In some embodiments, the second time offset is determined from measurements of the second LFM-based signal.
[0031] In some embodiments, the second time offset is embedded in the third LFM-based signal.
[0032] In some embodiments, the configuration parameters further comprise third LFM-based signal configuration parameters.
[0033] In some embodiments, the third LFM-based signal configuration parameters comprises a sensing signal type, a third set of sensing signal parameters, and a third transmission time.
[0034] In some embodiments, the third set of sensing signal parameters comprises one or more of a number of chirps, a sequence of chirp rates, a sequence of chirp time durations, and a sequence of chirp starting frequencies.
[0035] In some embodiments, the third transmission time is from the third LFM-based signal configuration parameters.
[0036] In some embodiments, the second LFM-based signal comprises sensing data representing a function of signal configuration parameters of the first LFM-based signal.
[0037] In some embodiments, the second LFM-based signal comprises a first LFM-based sub-signal and a second LFM-based sub-signal, wherein: the first LFM-based sub-signal comprises an identifier for the target node, and the second LFM-based sub-signal comprises sensing information.
[0038] In some embodiments, the first LFM-based sub-signal is a preamble.
[0039] In some embodiments, the second LFM-based signal comprises a time gap between the first LFM-based sub-signal and the second LFM-based sub-signal.
[0040] In some embodiments, an apparatus comprises: a transmitter for transmitting an LFM-based signal; a receiver for receiving an LFM-based signal; a memory for storing instructions; and a processor for causing the apparatus to perform the method.
[0041] In some embodiments, one or more circuits of an apparatus, the one or more circuits for causing the apparatus to perform the method.
[0042] In some embodiments, one or more non transitory computer readable storage devices comprises instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the device to perform the method.
[0043] In another broad aspect, a system comprises: a first network node for: transmitting a first LFM-based signal to a second network node; receiving a second LFM-based signal from the second network node, the second LFM-based signal comprising a first time offset; determining a first synchronization time offset from the second LFM-based signal for synchronizing the second network node with the first network node; and obtaining a position of a target from the second LFM-based signal, and the second network node for: receiving the first LFM-based signal from the first network node; determining the first time offset from measurements of the first LFM-based signal; embedding the first time offset into the second LFM-based signal; and transmitting the second LFM-based signal to the first network node.
[0044] In some embodiments, the first network node is further for: determining a second time offset from measurements of the second LFM-based signal, embedding the second time offset into the third LFM-based signal, and transmitting a third LFM-based signal to the second network node, and wherein the second network node is further for: receiving the third LFM-based signal from the first network node, and determining a second synchronization time offset from the third LFM-based signal for synchronizing the first network node with the second network node.
[0045] In some embodiments, the first network node is a transmission reception point.
[0046] In some embodiments, the second network node is user equipment.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0047] For a more complete understanding of the disclosure, reference is made to the following description and accompanying drawings, in which:
[0048] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a communication system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0049] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a communication system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0050] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device and a base station according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0051] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of modules of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0052] FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a chirp signal representation in the time-frequency domain;
[0053] FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating a frequency modulated continuous waveform signal;
[0054] FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a triangular waveform;
[0055] FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating a general chirp-based signal;
[0056] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating analog mapping in the pseudo-doppler domain;
[0057] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram show data embedded in parameters of the analog mapping of FIG. 9;
[0058] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system illustrating some methods of the present disclosure;
[0059] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating position calculations based on the some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0060] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating calculations and measurements from the diagram of FIG. 12;
[0061] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating signaling procedures according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0062] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating a TRP node and a UE node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0063] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating two UE nodes according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0064] FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a method of an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0065] FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a method of an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0066] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein generally have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Exemplary terms are defined below for ease in understanding the subject matter of the present disclosure.
[0067] The term “a” or “an” refers to one or more of that entity; for example, “amodule” refers to one or more modules or at least one module. As such, the terms “a” (or “an” ) , “one or more” and “at least one” are used interchangeably herein. In addition, reference to an element or feature by the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the elements or features are present, unless the context clearly requires that there is one and only one of the elements. Furthermore, reference to a feature in the plurality (e.g., modules) , unless clearly intended, does not mean that the modules or methods disclosed herein must comprise a plurality.
[0068] The expression “and / or” refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items (e.g. one or the other, or both) , as well as the lack of combinations when interrupted in the alternative (or) .
[0069] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 comprises a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a next generation (e.g. sixth generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electronic devices (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also the communication system 100 comprises a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0070] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast, groupcast, unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, between its constituent elements. The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system and / or a non-terrestrial communication system. The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications (such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc. ) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system may result in what may be considered a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. Compared to conventional communication networks, the heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks.
[0071] The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , radio access networks (RANs) 120a, 120b, a non-terrestrial communication network 120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RANs 120a, 120b include respective base stations (BSs) 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes an access node 172, which may be generically referred to as a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0072] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any T-TRP 170a, 170b and NT-TRP 172, the Internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, ED 110a may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with T-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0073] The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , space division multiple access (SDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA, also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDMA, DFT-s-OFDMA) in the air interfaces 190a and 190b. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may utilize other higher dimension signal spaces, which may involve a combination of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.
[0074] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c may enable communication between the ED 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0075] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0076] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED 110 and a base station 170a, 170b and / or 170c. The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0077] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. communication module, modem, or chip) or comprising the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. The base station 170a and 170b is a T-TRP and will hereafter be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also shown in FIG. 3, a NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 may be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0078] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0079] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processing unit (s) (e.g., a processor 210) . Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache, and the like.
[0080] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the Internet 150 in FIG. 1) . The input / output devices or interfaces permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, and / or for network interface communications. Suitable structures include, for example, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, etc.
[0081] The ED 110 includes the processor 210 for performing operations including those operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170; those operations related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or the T-TRP 170; and those operations related to processing sidelink transmission to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the NT-TRP 172 and / or by the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using a reference signal received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or from the T-TRP 170.
[0082] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or part of the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0083] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in the memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or a hardware accelerator such as a graphics processing unit (GPU) or an artificial intelligence (AI) accelerator.
[0084] The T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a base band unit (BBU) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be a macro BS, a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the forgoing devices or refer to apparatus (e.g. a communication module, a modem, or a chip) in the forgoing devices.
[0085] In some embodiments, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remote from the equipment that houses the antennas 256 for the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0086] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to the NT-TRP 172, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates an indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy the NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Signaling may be transmitted in a physical layer control channel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , in which case the signaling may be known as dynamic signaling. Signaling transmitted in a downlink physical layer control channel may be known as Downlink Control Information (DCI) . Signaling transmitted in an uplink physical layer control channel may be known as Uplink Control Information (UCI) . Signaling transmitted in a sidelink physical layer control channel may be known as Sidelink Control Information (SCI) . Signaling may be included in a higher-layer (e.g., higher than physical layer) packet transmitted in a physical layer data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in which case the signaling may be known as higher-layer signaling, static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher-layer signaling may also refer to Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol signaling or Media Access Control –Control Element (MAC-CE) signaling.
[0087] The scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the T-TRP 170. The scheduler 253 may schedule uplink, downlink, sidelink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (e.g., “configured grant” ) resources. The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0088] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or part of the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0089] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in the memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a hardware accelerator (e.g., a GPU or AI accelerator) , or an ASIC.
[0090] Although the NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example, the NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form, such as satellites and high altitude platforms, including international mobile telecommunication base stations and unmanned aerial vehicles, for example. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from the T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0091] The NT-TRP 172 further includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or part of the receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0092] The processor 276, the processing components of the transmitter 272, and the processing components of the receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in the memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276, the processing components of the transmitter 272, and the processing components of the receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a hardware accelerator (e.g., a GPU or AI accelerator) , or an ASIC. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0093] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0094] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device, such as in the ED 110, in the T-TRP 170, or in the NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted or output by a transmitting unit or by a transmitting module. A signal may be received or input by a receiving unit or by a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be a circuit such as an integrated circuit. Examples of an integrated circuit includes a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be logical such as a logical function performed by a circuit, by a portion of an integrated circuit, or by software instructions executed by a processor. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, the modules may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0095] While not shown, the transmitting module and the receiving module may be part of, or combined into, a transceiver module. A transceiver module may also be known as an interface module, or simply an interface, for inputting and outputting operations.
[0096] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, the T-TRP 170, and the NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0097] “Positioning” or “localization” may refer to a procedure of finding a position of a node or a target. A “chirp signal” may refer to a signal comprising a frequency as a linear function of time with a slope that may be referred to as a chirp rate. A chirp signal may also be referred to as a linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal. FIG. 5 illustrates a chirp signal representation in the time-frequency domain, wherein the starting time and frequency of the signal are t and f, respectively, and the chirp rate is α and the time duration of the signal is T.
[0098] A “chirp-based signal” may refer to a signal constructed based on single chirp signal, and may also be referred to as LFM-based signals. Two examples of chirp-based signals are described below and illustrated in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. Referring to FIG. 6, a frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) signal is illustrated, which comprises multiple parallel single chirps multiplexed in the time domain. Referring to FIG. 7, a triangular waveform is illustrated, which is constructed with chirp signals with opposite sign chirp rates. A general format for the chirp-based signal may be described where the chirp rates may vary across symbols and the signal is characterized by a sequence of chirp rates (α1, α2, ..., αM) , a sequence of symbol durations (T1, T2, ..., TM) , and a sequence of starting frequencies (f1, f2, ..., fM) . FIG. 8 illustrates a general chirp-based signal.
[0099] Sustainability is an important aspect of sixth generation (6G) networking which aims to increase overall energy efficiency of terminals and infrastructure. Low power mode positioning and synchronization are among some of the vital services that may be beneficial for several other services such as data communication. For example, having a position of UEs in low power mode may facilitate an initial access procedure which is typically performed before data communication. Many existing positioning solutions for cellular systems focus on active node positioning where a node with unknown position should cooperate in transmissions and / or perform measurements. Furthermore, their performances may be sensitive to inter-anchor synchronization and their corresponding procedure include digital processing which may cause high power consumption. Issues existing relating to issues of sensitivity to synchronization may be addressed at costs of large signaling overhead and service delay. In some embodiments disclosed herein, methods provide a solution in terms of signaling and procedure for finding the position of a passive target while providing for the synchronization with an active node (e.g. UE) of the network. Such multi-objective procedures are expected to be useful in future 6G systems where efficiency is of important.
[0100] Existing positioning methods for fifth generation (5G) networks may include back-and-forth signal techniques and may comprise downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA) , uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDoA) , and multi-cell round-trip time (RTT) . A common disadvantage of these methods is that they require digital processing due to using digital sequences for positioning. As a result, such methods have relatively high-power consumption which is not desirable for scenarios with low power budgets.
[0101] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, methods are directed at signal and procedure to jointly perform passive target positioning and active node (e.g. UE) synchronization in low power modes using LFM-based (a. k. a. chirp-based) sensing signals.
[0102] The use of LFM-based signals may provide reductions in power consumption. Existing methods exist for embedding information (e.g. sensing data / measurement values) into an LFM-based sensing signal. FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary embodiment, wherein the pseudo-doppler domain is used for analog mapping, wherein an initial frequency of the chirp signal is modulated. The pseudo-doppler domain may also be referred to as an initial frequency domain or a frequency shift domain. FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary embodiment, wherein data is embedded in the parameters of the LFM-based signal. For example, different sequences of chirp rates used for a part of the sensing signal may carry certain bits of information as shown in FIG. 10.
[0103] In embodiments of the present disclosure, back-and-forth transmissions and receptions are used to perform passive target positioning besides active node synchronization. Additionally, information that should be embedded in each transmission is specified to facilitate the processing and reduce the overhead, and measurements to be performed on the received signals are specified. Embedded as used herein may comprise modulating or mapping, such as wherein certain signal parameters are mapped to certain offset values, or the like.
[0104] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for signal and procedure design for joint passive target positioning and active node synchronization may comprise the following steps. Initially, a configuration may be sent comprising the configuration parameters of three (two may be mandatory and one may be optional) LFM-based sensing signals to a first node and a second node via control signaling by network. Then, a first LFM-based sensing signal may be transmitted from a first node. Then, the transmitted first sensing signal may be received at a second node and measurements may be performed to obtain time of arrival (ToA) . Then, a time offset may be obtained based on the measurements at the second node and a second LFM-based sensing signal may be transmitted from the second node with the obtained time offset while embedding, modulating, mapping and / or the like the obtained time offset as information in the second sensing signal. Then, the second sensing signal may be received at the first node and measurements may be performed to obtain ToA, angle of arrival (AoA) , and the embedded information in the second sensing signal. This information may be extracted, demodulated, and / or the like from the second sensing signal. Then, at the first node, a measure ToA may be used in addition to the information embedded, modulated, mapped and / or the like in the second sensing signal transmitted by the second node to obtain the synchronization time offset, which may be referred to as a first synchronization time offset, between the first node and the second node. Then, at the first node, the measured ToA, measured AoA, first node’s position, second node’s position, may be used as well as the information embedded, modulated, mapped and / or the like in the second sensing signal transmitted by the second node to obtain the passive target position. Optionally, a third LFM-based sensing signal may be transmitted from the first node with a time offset obtained by measuring and processing the second sensing signal at the first node. Then, the third sensing signal may be received at the second node and measurements may be performed to obtain ToA. Then, at the second node, the measurements of the third sensing signal may be processed to obtain the synchronization time offset, which may be referred to as a second synchronization time offset, between the first node and the second node. The first synchronization time offset calculated at the first node and the second synchronization time offset calculated at the second node represent the same parameter, being the synchronization time offset between the first node and the second node, and should have the same value. However, as a result of errors, including transmission errors, measurement errors, and / or the like, the first synchronization time offset and the second synchronization time offset may have different values.
[0105] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, sensing data embedded, modulated, mapped and / or the like in the second LFM-based signal transmitted by the second node (or target node) is a function of the parameters of the first LFM-based signal transmitted by the first node (or source node) . If the source node requires the target node to embed, modulate, map and / or the like some specific sensing data in the second LFM-based signal, it may so indicate by choosing some specific configuration parameters for the first LFM-based signal transmitted by the source node. Consequently, a mapping may be defined in order to relate the embedded information in the second LFM-based signal to the configuration parameters of the first LFM-based signal.
[0106] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the second LFM-based signal transmitted by the second node (or target node) may comprise two sub-signals both of which are LFM-based: 1) a sub-signal which may embed, modulate, map and / or the like an identity of the target node and 2) a sub-signal which may embed, modulate, map and / or the like the desired sensing information. As a result, when the source node receives the signal, it may identify which target node sent the signal by processing the first LFM-based sub-signal and extract, demodulate, obtain and / or the like the sensing information by processing the second LFM-based sub-signal.
[0107] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first sub-signal described above is in a form of a preamble. The preamble may be the same as the first LFM-based signal received by the target node from the source node. Such a preamble may implicitly carry the target node identity.
[0108] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the preamble signal referred to above may be configured as the first LFM-based signal received by the target node from the source node which is multiplied by a signal comprising the identity of the target node.
[0109] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, there may be a configured time gap (or time guard) between the two sub-signals of a LFM-based signal. The network may inform the source node and the target node about the time gap in initial control signaling.
[0110] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in applications wherein positioning of passive targets and synchronization of active nodes operating in low power mode is used. An important example is when a network node (e.g. TRP) is configured to obtain the position of a passive target in addition to synchronizing an active node (operating in low power mode) with the network. Another example is when a UE is configured to obtain the position of a passive target and synchronize with another UE at the same time. These examples are discussed below.
[0111] Embodiments disclosed herein may be used for a variety of nodes in the network including TRPs, sensing anchors, positioning anchors, BSs, and UEs with various signaling and measurements specified herein. These methods for signaling and measurement may be used in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and 6G standards.
[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, a system comprises two active nodes and one passive target. An active node may be a node which is capable of transmission and reception. UEs and TRPs are examples of active nodes. As described herein, a passive target is not capable of transmission or reception, it naturally reflects the signal. FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary sequence to describe an embodiment of the method disclosed herein. One of the active nodes is a TRP (Node 1 1100) and the other active node is a UE (Node 2 1102) which is operating in a low power mode. Therefore, UE may not be capable of heavy digital processing to reduce the power consumption which would suggest the use of LFM-based sensing signals. This exemplary procedure comprises three transmissions: Transmission 1 1110, Transmission 2 1112, and Transmission 3 1114. Note that Transmission 3 1114 is optional. The objective is to enable Node 1 1100 (TRP in this example) to find the position of the passive target 1104 and obtain the synchronization time offset between Node 1 1100 and Node 2 1102 (UE) using the first two transmissions 1110 and 1112. If necessary, the third transmission 1114 may provide Node 2 1102 with the synchronization offset between Node 1 1100 and Node 2 1102. In this example, Node 1 1100 may know the position of both Node 1 1100 and Node 2 1102 and Node 2 1102 is not synchronized with Node 1 1100. This may result from Node 2 1102 operating in low power mode. For Transmission 1 1110, Node 1 1100 may transmit a sensing signal, such as an LFM-based sensing signal at a configured time T1. The LFM-based sensing signal hits the target 1104 and a reflection is received by Node 2 1102. Node 2 1102 may perform some measurements on the received signal in Transmission 1 1110 and obtain the time of arrival (ToA) of the signal denoted by T2. Given T1 (from configuration) and T2 (obtained by measurement) , Node 2 1102 may compute ΔT12=T2-T1 to obtain τ1+τ2+δsyn. On the other hand, we have:
[0113] where δsyn is the synchronization time offset between Node 1 1100 and Node 2 1102.
[0114] Next, for Transmission 2 1112 wherein Node 2 1102 may transmit a sensing signal, such as an LFM-based sensing signal. This signal may be transmitted in the same direction that transmission 1 1110 is received. Therefore, based on channel reciprocity, the signal may have the same path as in Transmission 1 1110 but in the reverse direction. Node 2 1102 may initiate Transmission 2 1112 at time T3=T′+ (τ1+τ2+δsyn) =T′+ΔT12, where T′ is a configuration parameter and ΔT12 has been obtained from measurement of Transmission 1 1110. In other words, Transmission 2 1112 may occur with a time offset relative to a configured time T′ where the applied time offset depends on the previous measurement. In addition to applying the time offset, Node 2 1102 may embed or modulate the obtained T2 -T1= ΔT12 into the sensing signal of Transmission 2 1112. The transmitted signal of Transmission 2 1112 may the target 1104 and a reflection is received by Node 1 1100. Subsequently, Node 1 1100 may perform measurements to obtain ToA for the received signal denoted by T4 as well as T2 -T1=ΔT12 which is embedded or modulated in the sensing signal of Transmission 2 1112. Furthermore, Node 1 1100 may measure the angle of arrival (AoA) of the received signal denoted by φ. Subsequently, given T4 (obtained by measurement on Transmission 2 1112) and T′ (configuration parameter) , Node 1 1100 may compute τ1+τ2, as follows:
[0115] As illustrated in FIG. 11, τ1 is the delay of the link between Node 1 1100 and the target 1104 while τ2 is the delay of the link between target 1104 and Node 2 1102. Given the value of τ1+τ2 (obtained by measuring Transmission 2 1112) and ΔT12=τ1+τ2+δsyn (obtained by processing Transmission 2 1112) , Node 1 1100 may compute δsyn which is the synchronization time offset between Node 1 1100 and Node 2 1102. δsyn= ΔT12- (τ1+τ2)
[0116] Furthermore, given τ1+τ2 (obtained by measuring Transmission 2 1112) , AoA φ (obtained by measuring Transmission 2 1112) as well as Node 1 1100 and Node 2 1102 positions, Node 1 1100 may obtain target position as will be described below.
[0117] Next, optionally, Transmission 3 1114 where Node 1 1100 transmits a sensing signal, such as an LFM-based sensing signal at a time T5=T″- (τ1+τ2) , where T″ is a configuration parameter and (τ1+τ2) has been obtained by Node 1 1100 from processing of Transmission 2 1112. The signal of Transmission 3 1114 hits the target 1104 and a reflection is received by Node 2 1102. Node 2 1102 may perform some measurements on the received signal of Transmission 3 1114 and obtains the ToA denoted by T6. Given T6 (obtained by measuring Transmission 3 1114) and T″ (configuration parameter) , Node 2 1102 may compute δsyn which is the synchronization time offset between Node 1 1100 and Node 2 1102.
[0118] In some embodiments of methods disclosed herein, geometric positioning provides that Node 1 1100 may find the position of the target 1104 after receiving and processing the sensing signal of Transmission 2 1112. Referring to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, given τ1+τ2 (obtained by measuring Transmission 2 1112) , AoA φ (obtained by measuring Transmission 2 1112) as well as Node 1 1100 and Node 2 1102 positions, Node 1 1100 may obtain the target 1104 position. The target 1104 should be located on an ellipse with major axis equal to c× (τ1+τ2 ) , where c is the light speed. The two focal points of the ellipse are on Node 1 1100 position and Node 2 1102 position. Additionally, given AoA φ, the target 1104 is on a half-line starting from the position of Node 1 1100 and defined by angle φ. Consequently, the target’s 1104 position may be obtained by finding the intersection of the ellipse and the half-line as shown in FIG. 12.
[0119] FIG. 14 illustrates an overview of signaling involved in some embodiments disclosed herein. First, a network 1108 share the details of the sensing signals’ configuration with Node 1 1100 and Node 2 1102. This may occur before Node 1 1100 or Node 2 1102 enter power saving mode. The configurations comprise of the configuration of sensing signal 1 in Transmission 1 1110, configuration of sensing signal 2 in Transmission 2 1112, and configuration of sensing signal 3 in Transmission 3 1114, if applicable.
[0120] The configuration parameters of sensing signal 1 may comprise the type of the sensing signals (e.g. which type of LFM-based signal is used) , parameters of a selected sensing signal (e.g. number of chirps, sequence of chirp rates, sequence of chirp time durations, sequence of chirp starting frequencies) , and T1.
[0121] The configuration parameters of sensing signal 2 may comprise the type of the sensing signals (e.g. which type of LFM-based signal is used) , parameters of the selected sensing signal (e.g. number of chirps, sequence of chirp rates, sequence of chirp time durations, sequence of chirp starting frequencies) , and T′.
[0122] The configuration parameters of sensing signal 3 may comprise the type of the sensing signals (e.g. which type of LFM-based signal is used) , parameters of the selected sensing signal (e.g. number of chirps, sequence of chirp rates, sequence of chirp time durations, sequence of chirp starting frequencies) , and T".
[0123] Next, Transmission 1 1110 may occur where LFM-based sensing signal 1 is transmitted by Node 1 1100 at T1. An identity of Node 1 1100 may optionally be embedded or modulated in this transmission. Following Transmission 1 1110, Node 2 1102 receives a reflection and performs measurement and processing as described in the foregoing. Measurement 1 at Node 2 1102 for obtaining T2. Then, Processing 1 at Node 2 1102 for obtaining time offset ΔT12=T2-T1 to be used for Transmission 2 1112.
[0124] Next, Transmission 2 1112 may occur where LFM-based sensing signal 2 is transmitted by Node 2 1102 at T3=T′+ΔT12. Timing offset ΔT12 (obtained by Processing 1) is embedded or modulated in sensing signal 2. Subsequently, the transmitted signal hit the target 1104 and is received by Node 1 1100. Next, Node 1 1100 performs measurement and processing as described in the foregoing. Measurement 2 at Node 1 1100 for obtaining ToA T4, and AoA φ of the received signal, as well as obtaining ΔT12 which is embedded or modulated in sensing signal 1. Then, Processing 2 at Node 1 1100 for obtaining τ1+τ2, synchronization time offset δsyn between Node 1 1100 and Node 2 1102 , as well as the target position 1104.
[0125] Next, Transmission 3 1114 may optionally occur where LFM-based sensing signal 3 is transmitted by Node 1 1100 at T5=T″- (τ1+τ2) . Subsequently, the transmitted signal hit the target 1104 and is received by Node 2 1102. Next, Node 2 1102 performs measurement and processing as described in the foregoing. Measurement 3 at Node 2 1102 for obtaining ToA T6. Then Processing 3 at Node 2 1112 for obtaining synchronization time offset δsyn between Node 1 1100 and Node 2 1102.
[0126] Some embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to a few scenarios as illustrated in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16. FIG. 15 illustrates a system where Node 1 1100 is a TRP or another network node and Node 2 1102 is a UE. In such a scenario, UE may to operate in low power mode to save energy. FIG. 16 illustrates a system where Node 1 1100 and Node 2 1102 are both UEs.
[0127] FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing steps of a method 1700, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 1700 begins with optionally, receiving configuration parameters, the configuration parameters comprising first LFM-based signal configuration parameters and second LFM-based signal configuration parameters (at step 1702) . At step 1704, the method comprises transmitting, to the target node, a first LFM-based signal. At step 1706, the method comprises receiving, from the target node, a second LFM-based signal, the second LFM-based signal comprising a time offset. At step 1708, the method comprises obtaining a ToA, an AoA, and the time offset from the second LFM-based signal. At step 1710, the method comprises obtaining a first synchronization time offset from the ToA and the second LFM-based signal for synchronizing the target node with the source node. At step 1712, the method comprises obtaining the position of the target from the ToA, the AoA, a position of the source node, and a position of the target node. At step 1714, the method comprises, optionally, transmitting, to the target node, a third LFM-based signal, the third LFM-based signal comprising the time offset from the second LFM-based signal.
[0128] FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing steps of a method 1800, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 1800 begins with optionally, receiving configuration parameters, the configuration parameters comprising first LFM-based signal configuration parameters and second LFM-based signal configuration parameters (at step 1802) . At step 1804, the method comprises receiving, from the source node, a first LFM-based signal. At step 1806, the method comprises obtaining a first ToA from the first LFM-based signal. At step 1808, the method comprises obtaining the time offset from the first LFM-based signal. At step 1810, the method comprises transmitting, to the source node, a second LFM-based signal, the second LFM-based signal comprising the time offset. At step 1812, optionally, receiving, from the source node, a third LFM-based signal, the third LFM-based signal comprising the time offset the method comprises. At step 1814, the method comprises, optionally, obtaining a second ToA and the time offset from the third LFM-based signal. At step 1816, the method comprises, optionally, obtaining a second synchronization time offset from the second ToA for synchronizing the source node with the target node.
[0129] Although embodiments have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, those of skill in the art will appreciate that variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope thereof as defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1.A method comprising:transmitting a first linear frequency modulated (LFM) -based signal to a target node;receiving a second LFM-based signal from the target node, the second LFM-based signal comprising a first time offset associated with the first LFM-based signal;obtaining a time of arrival (ToA) , an angle of arrival (AoA) , and the first time offset from the second LFM-based signal;determining a first synchronization time offset from the ToA and the second LFM-based signal for synchronizing the target node with a source node; anddetermining the position of a target from the ToA, the AoA, a position of the source node, and a position of the target node.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first time offset is determined from measurements of the first LFM-based signal.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first time offset is extracted from the second LFM-based signal.4.The method of any one of claim 1 to 3 further comprising receiving configuration parameters, the configuration parameters comprising first LFM-based signal configuration parameters and second LFM-based signal configuration parameters.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the first LFM-based signal configuration parameters comprise a sensing signal type, a first set of sensing signal parameters, and a first transmission time.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the first set of sensing signal parameters comprises one or more of a number of chirps, a sequence of chirp rates, a sequence of chirp time durations, and a sequence of chirp starting frequencies.7.The method of any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the second LFM-based signal configuration parameters comprises a sensing signal type, a second set of sensing signal parameters, and a second transmission time.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the second set of sensing signal parameters comprises one or more of a number of chirps, a sequence of chirp rates, a sequence of chirp time durations, and a sequence of chirp starting frequencies.9.The method of any one of claim 4 to 8, further comprising:determining a second time offset from measurements of the second LFM-based signal;embedding the second time offset into a third LFM-based signal; andtransmitting, to the target node, the third LFM-based signal.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the configuration parameters further comprise third LFM-based signal configuration parameters.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the third LFM-based signal configuration parameters comprises a sensing signal type, a third set of sensing signal parameters, and a third transmission time.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the third set of sensing signal parameters comprises one or more of a number of chirps, a sequence of chirp rates, a sequence of chirp time durations, and a sequence of chirp starting frequencies.13.The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the second LFM-based signal comprises sensing data determined from signal configuration parameters of the first LFM-based signal.14.The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the second LFM-based signal comprises a first LFM-based sub-signal and a second LFM-based sub-signal, wherein:the first LFM-based sub-signal comprises an identifier for the target node, andthe second LFM-based sub-signal comprises sensing information.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the first LFM-based sub-signal is a preamble.16.The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein the second LFM-based signal comprises a time gap between the first LFM-based sub-signal and the second LFM-based sub-signal.17.A method comprising:receiving a first LFM-based signal from a source node;determining a first ToA from the first LFM-based signal;determining a first time offset from measurements of the first LFM-based signal;embedding the first time offset into a second LFM-based signal; andtransmitting the second LFM-based signal to the source node.18.The method of claim 17, further comprising receiving configuration parameters, the configuration parameters comprising first LFM-based signal configuration parameters and second LFM-based signal configuration parameters.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the first LFM-based signal configuration parameters comprises a sensing signal type, a first set of sensing signal parameters, and a first transmission time.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the first set of sensing signal parameters comprises one or more of a number of chirps, a sequence of chirp rates, a sequence of chirp time durations, and a sequence of chirp starting frequencies.21.The method of any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the second LFM-based signal configuration parameters comprises a sensing signal type, a second set of sensing signal parameters, and a second transmission time.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the second set of sensing signal parameters comprises one or more of a number of chirps, a sequence of chirp rates, a sequence of chirp time durations, and a sequence of chirp starting frequencies.23.The method of any one of claims 18 to 22, further comprising:receiving a third LFM-based signal from the source node, the third LFM-based signal comprising a second time offset associated with the second LFM-based signal; anddetermining a second synchronization time offset from the second time offset for synchronizing the source node with the target node.24.The method of claim 23, wherein the second time offset is determined from measurements of the second LFM-based signal.25.The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein the second time offset is embedded in the third LFM-based signal.26.The method of any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the configuration parameters further comprise third LFM-based signal configuration parameters.27.The method of claim 26, wherein the third LFM-based signal configuration parameters comprises a sensing signal type, a third set of sensing signal parameters, and a third transmission time.28.The method of claim 27, wherein the third set of sensing signal parameters comprises one or more of a number of chirps, a sequence of chirp rates, a sequence of chirp time durations, and a sequence of chirp starting frequencies.29.The method of claim 28, wherein the third transmission time is from the third LFM-based signal configuration parameters.30.The method of any one of claims 17 to 29, wherein the second LFM-based signal comprises sensing data representing a function of signal configuration parameters of the first LFM-based signal.31.The method of any one of claims 17 to 30, wherein the second LFM-based signal comprises a first LFM-based sub-signal and a second LFM-based sub-signal, wherein:the first LFM-based sub-signal comprises an identifier for the target node, andthe second LFM-based sub-signal comprises sensing information.32.The method of claim 31, wherein the first LFM-based sub-signal is a preamble.33.The method of claim 31 or 32, wherein the second LFM-based signal comprises a time gap between the first LFM-based sub-signal and the second LFM-based sub-signal.34.An apparatus comprising:a transmitter for transmitting an LFM-based signal;a receiver for receiving an LFM-based signal;a memory for storing instructions; anda processor for causing the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 33.35.One or more circuits of an apparatus, the one or more circuits for causing the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 33.36.One or more non transitory computer readable storage devices comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 33.37.A system comprising:a first network node for:transmitting a first LFM-based signal to a second network node;receiving a second LFM-based signal from the second network node, the second LFM-based signal comprising a first time offset;determining a first synchronization time offset from the second LFM-based signal for synchronizing the second network node with the first network node; andobtaining a position of a target from the second LFM-based signal, and the second network node for:receiving the first LFM-based signal from the first network node;determining the first time offset from measurements of the first LFM-based signal;embedding the first time offset into the second LFM-based signal; andtransmitting the second LFM-based signal to the first network node.38.The system of claim 37,wherein the first network node is further for:determining a second time offset from measurements of the second LFM-based signal,embedding the second time offset into the third LFM-based signal, andtransmitting a third LFM-based signal to the second network node, and wherein the second network node is further for:receiving the third LFM-based signal from the first network node, anddetermining a second synchronization time offset from the third LFM-based signal for synchronizing the first network node with the second network node.39.The system of claim 37 or 38, wherein the first network node is a transmission reception point.40.The system of any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the second network node is user equipment.