Preamble transmission method and apparatus, device, medium, and program product

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of wireless communications. Disclosed are a preamble transmission method and apparatus, a device, a medium, and a program product. The method comprises: sending a preamble signal, the preamble signal being used to indicate a start point and timing of a PDRCH sent immediately after the preamble signal, and the preamble signal being obtained by mapping a first sequence, the first sequence being pre-configured, being configured by a reader, or being determined by the A-IoT device. The preamble signal generated from the first sequence can assist the reader in receiving a subsequent PDRCH, thereby helping to ensure the reliability and transmission efficiency of the PDRCH.

Description

Preamble transmission method, apparatus, device, medium and program product TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to a preamble transmission method, apparatus, device, medium and program product. BACKGROUND

[0002] In device to reader (D2R) transmission, a physical device to reader channel (PDRCH) is used to transmit data and / or control information. Before transmitting the PDRCH, an ambient power enabled internet of things (A-IoT) device needs to transmit a preamble to assist the reader to receive the PDRCH, but how to transmit the preamble is a problem that has not been solved.

[0003] SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a preamble transmission method, apparatus, device, medium and program product, which at least includes:

[0005] According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a preamble transmission method is provided, which includes:

[0006] transmitting a preamble signal, the preamble signal being used to indicate a starting point and timing of a PDRCH transmitted immediately after the preamble signal, the preamble signal being mapped from a first sequence; wherein the first sequence is pre-configured, or configured by a reader, or determined by the A-IoT device.

[0007] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a preamble transmission method is provided, which includes:

[0008] receiving a preamble signal, the preamble signal being used to indicate a starting point and timing of a PDRCH transmitted immediately after the preamble signal by an A-IoT device, the preamble signal being mapped from a first sequence; wherein the first sequence is pre-configured, or configured by the reader, or determined by the A-IoT device.

[0009] According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a preamble transmission apparatus is provided, which includes:

[0010] The sending module is configured to send a preamble signal, the preamble signal being used to indicate a starting point and timing of a PDRCH sent immediately after the preamble signal, and the preamble signal being mapped from a first sequence; wherein the first sequence is pre-configured, or configured by a reader, or determined by the apparatus.

[0011] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a preamble transmission apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprising:

[0012] The receiving module is configured to receive a preamble signal, the preamble signal being used to indicate a starting point and timing of a PDRCH sent immediately after the preamble signal by an A-IoT device, and the preamble signal being mapped from a first sequence; wherein the first sequence is pre-configured, or configured by an apparatus, or determined by the A-IoT device.

[0013] According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a communication device is provided, the communication device comprising: a processor; a transceiver connected to the processor; a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor is configured to load and execute the executable instructions to implement the preamble transmission method according to the above aspects.

[0014] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a communication device is provided, the communication device comprising: a receiver; and the communication device is configured to implement the preamble transmission method according to the above aspects.

[0015] According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a computer readable storage medium is provided, the computer readable storage medium storing at least one program, the at least one program being loaded and executed by a processor to implement the preamble transmission method according to the above aspects.

[0016] According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a computer program product or a computer program is provided, the computer program product or the computer program comprising computer instructions, the computer instructions being stored in a computer readable storage medium, a processor acquiring the computer instructions from the computer readable storage medium, and the processor executing the computer instructions to implement the preamble transmission method according to the above aspects.

[0017] According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a chip is provided, the chip comprising a programmable logic circuit and / or at least one program, and the chip being configured to implement the preamble transmission method according to the above aspects based on the programmable logic circuit and / or the at least one program.

[0018] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can have the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The first sequence mapping of the A-IoT device is configured or preconfigured to obtain the preamble signal, and the first sequence mapping of the A-IoT device is autonomously determined to obtain the preamble signal, which provides a feasible scheme for the preamble transmission of the A-IoT device. The preamble signal can indicate the starting point and / or timing of the subsequent PDRCH, assist the reader to receive the subsequent PDRCH, and help to ensure the reliability and transmission efficiency of the PDRCH. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0021] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an environmental energy Internet of Things system according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0022] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of radio frequency energy harvesting according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0023] FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a backscatter communication process according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0024] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of resistance load modulation according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a topology according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a topology according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of a preamble transmission method according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of a preamble transmission method according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of Manchester coding according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of FM0 coding according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of MMS coding according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of square wave coding according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG. 13 shows a mapping diagram of a first sequence to a preamble signal according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG. 14 shows a mapping diagram of a first sequence to a preamble signal according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG. 15 shows a diagram for determining a first sequence according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG. 16 shows a diagram for determining a first sequence according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG. 17 shows a diagram for determining a first sequence according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG. 18 shows a diagram for determining a first sequence according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG. 19 shows a diagram of a D2R transmission according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG. 20 shows a block diagram of a preamble transmission apparatus according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG. 21 shows a block diagram of a preamble transmission apparatus according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG. 22 shows a diagram of a communication device according to an example embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG. 23 shows a diagram of a communication device according to an example embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] For the purpose of clarity, technical solution and advantages of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The example embodiments will be described in detail, and the examples are shown in the drawings. The following description relates to the drawings, and the same numerals in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following example embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0045] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting thereof. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "and / or", as used herein, refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0046] It is to be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. can be used herein to describe various information, these terms are not intended to denote a temporal or chronological order. Rather, these terms are used merely as labels to distinguish different sets of information from one another. For example, a first information can be termed a second information, and similarly, a second information can also be termed a first information, without departing from the scope of the present application. Depending on the context, the word "if' as used herein can be interpreted to mean "when" or "in response to determining" or "in response to a determination". In the present specification, the meaning of the expression "a Boolean value" is expressed as "0" representing a "first meaning" and "1" representing a "second meaning", without loss of generality, it is understood by those skilled in the art that the representative meaning can be reversed, i.e., "1" representing a "first meaning" and "0" representing a "second meaning".

[0047] The key technologies of Ambient Power Enabled Internet of Things (Ambient Power Enabled IoT) communication mainly include Energy Harvesting and Back Scattering communication technologies. Ambient Power Enabled Internet of Things can also be referred to as Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) or Passive Internet of Things (Passive IoT), abbreviated as AMP IoT or Ambient IoT or A-IoT. The terminal device using Ambient Power Enabled Internet of Things communication technology can be referred to as A-IoT device or AMP IoT device or Ambient IoT device.

[0048] The so-called A-IoT device refers to an IoT device that uses various ambient energy (such as wireless radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, etc.) to drive itself. The A-IoT device can have no energy storage capability, or can have very limited energy storage capability, such as using a capacitor with a capacity of tens of microfarads (μF). Compared with conventional IoT devices, the A-IoT device has many advantages such as no conventional battery, maintenance-free, small size, low complexity and low cost, long service life, etc.

[0049] Fig. 1 illustrates an Ambient Energy Internet of Things (A-IoT) system 100 including a network device 110 and an A-IoT device 120, according to an example embodiment of the present application. The network device 110 is configured to transmit wireless energizing signals and / or downlink communication signals to the A-IoT device 120, and to receive backscattered signals from the A-IoT device 120 and / or signals actively transmitted by the A-IoT device 120.

[0050] The network device 110 supports wireless communication functions, including but not limited to: a base station (BS), a node B (NB), an evolved node B (eNB), a next generation node B (gNB), a radio network controller (RNC), a base station controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a home evolved node B or home node B (HNB), a baseband unit (BBU), a remote radio unit (RRU), a distributed unit (DU), a wireless relay node, a wireless backhaul node, a transmission point (TP), a transmission and reception point (TRP), an antenna panel, a router, etc.

[0051] In the present application, for ease of description, downlink transmission and uplink transmission are distinguished from the perspective of the A-IoT device 120. Signals transmitted by the A-IoT device 120 are referred to as uplink signals, and data transmitted by the A-IoT device 120 is referred to as uplink data. Signals transmitted to the A-IoT device 120 are referred to as downlink signals, and data transmitted to the A-IoT device 120 is referred to as downlink data. Furthermore, uplink signals / uplink data can be actively transmitted by the A-IoT device 120, or backscattered by the A-IoT device 120 according to an external carrier.

[0052] The A-IoT device 120 includes an energy harvesting module 221. Optionally, in addition to the energy harvesting module 221, the A-IoT device 120 further includes one or more of a backscattering communication module 222, a low-power computing module 223, a sensor module 224, and a memory (not shown in the figure). It should be understood that the modules included in the A-IoT device 120 shown in Fig. 1 are merely an example and are not limiting.

[0053] Exemplarily, the energy harvesting module 221 can harvest environmental energy such as radio frequency energy, light energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, solar energy, radiation energy, etc., to provide energy for various modules of the A-IoT device 120. If the environmental energy harvested by the A-IoT device 120 is radio frequency energy, the signal used to provide the radio frequency energy can be referred to as an energy supply signal.

[0054] In some embodiments, the harvesting of radio frequency energy is based on wireless radio frequency signals in the environment, that is, the energy supply signal is a wireless radio frequency signal in the environment. The wireless radio frequency signal in the environment includes, for example, radio frequency signals of other communication systems, broadcast signals, etc. At this time, the energy harvesting manner of the A-IoT device 120 can be considered passive. The other communication systems refer to communication systems that do not contain the A-IoT device. At this time, the energy supply signal can use a physical layer technology supported by the other communication systems, for example, the energy supply signal is an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal.

[0055] In some embodiments, the harvesting of radio frequency energy is based on In Band wireless radio frequency signals, that is, the energy supply signal is an In Band wireless radio frequency signal. The In Band wireless radio frequency signal includes, for example, signals transmitted using time-frequency resources within a communication system containing the A-IoT device. Such an energy supply signal helps to ensure energy harvesting efficiency and reliability. At this time, the energy supply signal can use a physical layer technology supported by the A-IoT device 120, for example, the energy supply signal is a simple waveform obtained by simple modulation.

[0056] After the A-IoT device 120 obtains energy, it can receive signals from the network device 110 through a receiver, reflect signals to the network device 110 through a backscatter communication module 222, or transmit signals to the network device 110 through a transmitter (not shown in the figure). The data reflected or transmitted by the A-IoT device 120 can be data stored by itself (such as an identity or pre-written information such as a product date, a brand, a manufacturer, etc.). The sensor module 224 can include various sensors, and the A-IoT device 120 can report data collected by various sensors based on a low-power mechanism. The memory is used to store some basic information (such as an article identification) or to obtain environmental temperature, environmental humidity, etc. The sensor module 224 and the memory can be implemented as one module.

[0057] The A-IoT device 120 can use a low-power computing module 223 to implement simple signal demodulation, decoding or encoding, modulation, etc. The hardware design can be very simple, so that the A-IoT device 120 has very low cost and very small size.

[0058] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of radio frequency power harvesting by the energy harvesting module 221. Radio frequency power harvesting is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, and uses the radio frequency module RF to connect with the capacitor C and the load resistor RL which are in parallel, to achieve the collection of spatial electromagnetic wave energy and obtain the energy required to drive the A-IoT device to work, such as: for driving low-power demodulation modules, modulation modules, sensors, and memory reading, etc. Based on this, the A-IoT device does not need a traditional battery.

[0059] In backscatter communication, the backscatter signal can be modulated or not modulated. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of modulated backscatter communication. The transmit (TX) module 211 of the network device 110 transmits a wireless signal carrier 231 using an amplifier (AMP) 212, and the A-IoT device 120 receives and modulates the wireless signal carrier 231, loads the information to be transmitted using a low-power computing module 223, and collects radio frequency energy using an energy harvesting module 221. The A-IoT device 120 radiates the modulated reflected signal 232 using an antenna 216, and this information transmission process is called backscatter communication. The receive (RX) module 213 of the network device 110 receives the modulated reflected signal 232 using a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 214. Backscatter and load modulation are inseparable. Load modulation adjusts and controls the circuit parameters of the oscillation circuit of the A-IoT device 120 according to the beat of the data stream, so that the size of the impedance of the A-IoT device 120 and other parameters change, completing the modulation process.

[0060] Load modulation technology mainly includes resistance load modulation and capacitance load modulation. Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of resistance load modulation. In resistance load modulation, the load resistor R L The third resistor R3 is connected in parallel, and the switch S based on binary coded control is turned on or off, and the on-off of the third resistor R3 will cause the voltage on the circuit to change, and the load resistor R L The first capacitor C1 is connected in parallel, and the load resistor R LThe second resistor R2 is in series with the first resistor R1, and the first resistor R1 is in series with the first inductor L1. The first inductor L1 is coupled with the second inductor L2, and the second inductor L2 is in series with the second capacitor C2. In an example, ASK modulation can be implemented, i.e., the amplitude of the backscattering signal of the terminal device is adjusted to modulate and transmit the signal. Similarly, in the capacitor load modulation, the on-off of the capacitor can change the resonant frequency of the circuit to achieve FSK modulation, i.e., the working frequency of the backscattering signal of the terminal device is adjusted to modulate and transmit the signal. It can be seen that the A-IoT device 120 can modulate the incoming signal by means of load modulation.

[0061] Therefore, the A-IoT device has the following advantages: (1) it does not actively transmit signals, so it does not need a complex radio frequency link, such as a power amplifier (PA), a radio frequency filter, etc.; (2) it does not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, so it does not need a high-frequency crystal oscillator; (3) by means of backscattering communication, the signal transmission does not consume its own energy.

[0062] The advantages of the A-IoT device make it widely applicable in various industries, such as logistics, object identification, intelligent warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and power, industrial internet, etc., smart wearable, smart home, smart control, etc., environmental monitoring, positioning, etc.

[0063] Specifically, from the perspective of energy sources and usage, the A-IoT device can be divided into the following three categories.

[0064] (1) Passive A-IoT device:

[0065] The passive A-IoT device does not need to be equipped with a battery. When the passive A-IoT device approaches a network device (such as a reader of an RFID system), the passive A-IoT device is in the near field range formed by the antenna radiation of the network device. Therefore, the passive A-IoT device antenna generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction, and the induced current drives the low-power chip circuit of the passive A-IoT device. The work of demodulating the forward link signal (i.e., the downlink, the link from the network device to the A-IoT device) and modulating the signal of the backward link (i.e., the uplink, the link from the A-IoT device to the network device) is realized. For the backscatter link, the passive A-IoT device uses the backscatter communication mode for signal transmission. It can be seen that, whether it is the forward link or the backward link, the passive A-IoT device does not need to be equipped with a built-in battery to drive it, and it is a truly A-IoT device. The passive A-IoT device does not need a battery, and the radio frequency circuit and the baseband circuit are very simple, for example, without the need for LNA, PA, crystal oscillator, analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and other devices, and therefore has many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, long service life, and the like.

[0066] (2) Semi-passive A-IoT device:

[0067] The semi-passive A-IoT device itself does not install a conventional battery, but can use a radio frequency energy harvesting module to harvest radio wave energy, or use a solar energy / light energy / thermal energy / kinetic energy / mechanical energy harvesting module to harvest energy, and store the harvested energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After the energy storage unit obtains energy, it can drive the low-power chip circuit of the semi-passive A-IoT device. The work of demodulating the forward link signal and modulating the signal of the backward link is realized. For the backscatter link, the semi-passive A-IoT device uses the backscatter communication mode for signal transmission. It can be seen that, whether it is the forward link or the backward link, the semi-passive A-IoT device does not need to be equipped with a built-in battery to drive it, although it uses the energy stored in the capacitor in the work, but the energy is harvested by the energy harvesting module, and therefore it is also a truly A-IoT device. The semi-passive A-IoT device inherits many advantages of the passive A-IoT device, and therefore has many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, long service life, and the like.

[0068] (3) Active A-IoT device:

[0069] In some scenarios, active A-IoT devices can also be used, which can be built-in with a battery (a regular battery, such as a dry battery, a rechargeable lithium battery, etc.). The battery is used to drive the low-power chip circuit of the active A-IoT device. The battery is used to drive the low-power chip circuit of the active A-IoT device. The work of demodulating the forward link signal and modulating the backward link signal is realized. For the backscatter link, the active A-IoT device uses the backscatter communication mode for signal transmission. Therefore, the zero power consumption of the active A-IoT device mainly reflects that the signal transmission of the reverse link does not require the power of the device itself, but uses the backscatter mode. Although the active A-IoT device uses a battery, due to the use of ultra-low power communication technology, the power consumption is very low, so compared with the prior art, the working life of the battery can be greatly improved. The active A-IoT device is powered by the built-in battery to increase the communication distance and improve the reliability of the communication. Therefore, it can be applied in some scenarios with relatively high requirements for communication distance, reading delay, etc.

[0070] The A-IoT devices discussed in the related research project mainly include the following three types:

[0071] Device type 1: with a peak power consumption of several microwatts (~1 μW), with energy storage capability, the initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) can reach 10 x ppm (parts per million), without a downlink amplifier and an uplink amplifier, and performs uplink transmission through backscatter of an external carrier wave.

[0072] Device type 2a: with a peak power consumption of less than or equal to several hundred microwatts (≤a few hundred μW), with energy storage capability, the SFO can reach 10 x ppm, with a downlink amplifier and / or an uplink amplifier, and performs uplink transmission through backscatter of an external carrier wave.

[0073] Device type 2b: with a peak power consumption of less than or equal to several hundred microwatts, with energy storage capability, the SFO can reach 10 x ppm, with a downlink amplifier and / or an uplink amplifier, and performs uplink transmission through internal generation (Generated Internally), which can also be referred to as an active transmission-based mode.

[0074] The cellular Internet of Things (IoT) is booming. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has standardized some IoT technologies, but there are still many IoT communication needs in various scenarios that have not been met, such as: severe communication environment (high temperature, extremely low temperature, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation or high-speed movement, etc.), extremely small terminal form requirement, extremely low cost, etc.

[0075] Therefore, in order to cover these unmet IoT communication needs, it is necessary to develop ultra-low-cost, extremely small-size, battery-free / maintenance-free IoT in the cellular network, and A-IoT can meet this demand.

[0076] Based on the discussion of A-IoT application scenarios in the 3GPP system architecture (SA), A-IoT can be used in at least four scenarios: 1. Object identification, such as logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management. 2. Environmental monitoring, such as temperature, humidity, and harmful gas monitoring in working and natural environments. 3. Positioning, such as indoor positioning, intelligent object search, and production line object positioning. 4. Intelligent control, such as intelligent control of various appliances in smart homes (turning on / off air conditioners, adjusting temperature) and intelligent control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation, fertilization).

[0077] In the low-power IoT based on the cellular network, the A-IoT device can transmit A-IoT control / data / signal from the reader, which can be a network device or an intermediate node (Intermediate Node), such as the topology structures shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. If the A-IoT device transmits A-IoT control / data / signal to the reader by backscattering, the outside world needs to provide a carrier for the A-IoT device, and the node providing the carrier can be the reader or other nodes in addition to the reader. In addition, the A-IoT device can also transmit A-IoT control / data / signal to the reader by active transmission.

[0078] In FIGS. 5 and 6, the transmission of A-IoT is based on network device scheduling. As shown in FIG. 5, the network device directly communicates with the A-IoT device in both directions, so the network device can directly send scheduling information to the A-IoT device. As shown in FIG. 6, the A-IoT device communicates with the network device through the intermediate node in both directions, so the network device first sends the scheduling information to the intermediate node, and then the intermediate node sends the scheduling information to the A-IoT device.

[0079] The transmission from the reader to the A-IoT device is called Reader to Device (R2D) transmission, or downlink transmission. The transmission from the device to the reader is called Device to Reader (D2R) transmission, or uplink transmission.

[0080] In the D2R transmission, a Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH) is used to transmit data and / or control information. Before transmitting the PDRCH, the A-IoT device needs to transmit a preamble to assist the reader to receive the PDRCH, but how to transmit the preamble signal is an unsolved problem. To this end, the present application provides a preamble transmission method, which provides a specific and feasible solution for how the A-IoT device transmits the preamble signal.

[0081] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of a preamble transmission method provided by an example embodiment of the present application, which is performed by an A-IoT device. The method includes at least part of the following steps:

[0082] Step 720: transmitting a preamble signal, the preamble signal being used to indicate a start point and / or timing of a PDRCH transmitted immediately after the preamble signal, the preamble signal being mapped from a first sequence; wherein the first sequence is pre-configured, or configured by the reader, or determined by the A-IoT device.

[0083] Before transmitting the PDRCH, the A-IoT device needs to transmit a preamble signal. The preamble signal is used to indicate a start point and / or timing of a PDRCH transmitted immediately after the preamble signal. It can also be understood that the preamble signal is used to indicate a start point and / or timing of a PDRCH transmitted after the preamble signal. It can also be understood that the preamble signal is used to indicate a start point and / or timing of a PDRCH, and the time interval between the preamble signal and the PDRCH is less than or equal to a certain threshold (the threshold is agreed by the communication protocol, or pre-configured, or configured by the network). There can be a time interval or no time interval between the preamble signal and the PDRCH transmitted immediately after the preamble signal. That is, the so-called immediately after does not mean strict no time interval.

[0084] The start point of the PDRCH can be the start point of the PDRCH in the time domain and / or frequency domain. The preamble signal is used to indicate the start point and / or timing of the PDRCH, which can also be understood as being used to achieve time domain synchronization and / or frequency domain synchronization (also referred to as frequency offset estimation) of the PDRCH. In addition, wireless channel estimation and positioning process may also require the A-IoT device to transmit the preamble signal.

[0085] In some embodiments, the first sequence is agreed by a communication protocol, or is pre-configured, or is configured by the reader, or is determined by the A-IoT device.

[0086] In some embodiments, the manner of determining the first sequence is agreed by a communication protocol, or is pre-configured, or is configured by the reader, or is determined by the A-IoT device.

[0087] In the present application, pre-configuration can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables or other means for indicating relevant information in the A-IoT device, or can be implemented by pre-configuration signaling, such as pre-configuration by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, or by Configured Grant (CG), or by Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS). The present application does not limit the specific implementation manner of pre-configuration.

[0088] The reader includes a network device and / or an intermediate node. The network device can be the network device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. The intermediate node is, for example, at least one of a relay, an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) node, a User Equipment (UE), a repeater, etc.

[0089] In summary, the method provided by the embodiments of the present application supports the A-IoT device to map the first sequence to obtain the preamble signal by configuration or pre-configuration, and also supports the A-IoT device to map the first sequence to obtain the preamble signal by autonomous determination, thereby providing a feasible solution for the preamble transmission of the A-IoT device. The preamble signal can indicate the starting point and / or timing of the subsequently transmitted PDRCH, can assist the reader in receiving the subsequent PDRCH, and is helpful to guarantee the reliability and transmission efficiency of the PDRCH.

[0090] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of a preamble transmission method provided by an example embodiment of the present application, which is performed by a reader. The method includes at least part of the following steps:

[0091] Step 820: receiving a preamble signal, the preamble signal being used to indicate the starting point and / or timing of a PDRCH transmitted immediately after the preamble signal by an A-IoT device, the preamble signal being mapped from a first sequence; wherein the first sequence is pre-configured, or is configured by the reader, or is determined by the A-IoT device.

[0092] Before transmitting the PDRCH, the A-IoT device needs to transmit a preamble signal. The preamble signal is used to indicate the starting point and / or timing of the PDRCH transmitted immediately after it. It can also be understood that the preamble signal is used to indicate the starting point and / or timing of the PDRCH transmitted after it. It can also be understood that the preamble signal is used to indicate the starting point and / or timing of the PDRCH, and the time interval between the preamble signal and the PDRCH is less than or equal to a certain threshold (which is agreed by the communication protocol, or pre-configured, or configured by the network). There can be a time interval between the preamble signal and the PDRCH transmitted immediately after it, or there can be no time interval. That is, so-called immediately after does not mean strict no time interval.

[0093] The starting point of the PDRCH can be the starting point of the PDRCH in the time domain and / or frequency domain. The preamble signal is used to indicate the starting point and / or timing of the PDRCH, and can also be understood as being used to achieve time domain synchronization and / or frequency domain synchronization (also referred to as frequency offset estimation) of the PDRCH. In addition, wireless channel estimation and positioning process may also require the A-IoT device to transmit the preamble signal.

[0094] In some embodiments, the first sequence is agreed by the communication protocol, or pre-configured, or configured by the reader, or determined by the A-IoT device.

[0095] In some embodiments, the determination manner of the first sequence is agreed by the communication protocol, or pre-configured, or configured by the reader, or determined by the A-IoT device.

[0096] In this application, pre-configuration can be realized by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other ways that can be used to indicate relevant information in the A-IoT device, or can be realized by pre-configuration signaling, such as pre-configuration by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, or by Configured Grant (CG), or by Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS). The specific implementation manner of pre-configuration is not limited in this application.

[0097] The reader includes a network device and / or an intermediate node. The network device can be the network device 110 as shown in FIG. 1. The intermediate node is, for example, at least one of the following: a relay, an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) node, a User Equipment (UE), a repeater, etc.

[0098] In summary, the method provided by the embodiments of the present application supports the A-IoT device to obtain a preamble signal by mapping a first sequence configured or preconfigured, and also supports the A-IoT device to obtain a preamble signal by mapping a first sequence determined autonomously, thereby providing a feasible solution for the A-IoT device to transmit a preamble. The preamble signal can indicate a starting point and / or timing for a subsequent PDRCH, can assist the reader to receive the subsequent PDRCH, and is helpful to guarantee the reliability and transmission efficiency of the PDRCH.

[0099] Next, in combination with the characteristics and requirements of the A-IoT device, the generation of the preamble signal is designed in more detail.

[0100] I. Type of the first sequence

[0101] Considering the characteristics of low complexity and low power consumption of the A-IoT device, it is difficult to support the transmission of a common Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform, and the type of the first sequence is also designed in the present application, so that the first sequence is very easy to be combined with a simple waveform, thereby providing the possibility of transmitting a preamble for some communication scenarios that are difficult to use the OFDM waveform.

[0102] In the present application, the first sequence can be a preamble sequence or an extended sequence generated based on the preamble sequence, and the preamble sequence is a binary sequence. The binary sequence only includes sequence elements of two values, and therefore, the first sequence also only includes sequence elements of two values. For example, the first sequence only includes “0” and “1”, or the first sequence only includes “+1” and “-1”.

[0103] In some embodiments, the binary sequence includes at least one of a Walsh sequence, an m-sequence, a gold sequence, a Kasami sequence, a Reed-Muller sequence, etc. The Kasami sequence is a subset of the gold sequence and has better cross-correlation characteristics, and the gold sequence is generated by a specific polynomial. The Reed-Muller sequence is constructed based on the Reed-Muller code and has different orthogonality and complexity levels. Here, the related content of the Walsh sequence, the m-sequence and the gold sequence is mainly introduced.

[0104] (1) About the Walsh sequence:

[0105] The Walsh sequence is also known as Walsh code and is derived from the Hadamard matrix. The element of the Walsh sequence takes a value of “+1” or “-1”.

[0106] Walsh sequences are a set of orthogonal sequences, which means that all elements in the Walsh sequences are orthogonal to each other and do not interfere with each other. Each Walsh sequence is a binary sequence with a length of 2 raised to a power, such as length 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. Walsh sequences have symmetry, i.e. the positive and negative versions of a Walsh sequence are the same, just in reverse order. Walsh sequences also have good cross-correlation properties.

[0107] The preamble sequence can be a Walsh code with a length of 2 n , where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, …. Optionally, the value of n is agreed upon by the communication protocol, or pre-configured, or configured by the reader.

[0108] Taking n = 2, i.e. the code length is 4, as an example, the preamble sequence can use one or more of the following 4 different Walsh codes:

[0109] 1. Walsh code W0: (+1, +1, +1, +1); 2. Walsh code W1: (+1, -1, +1, -1);

[0110] 3. Walsh code W2: (+1, +1, -1, -1); 4. Walsh code W3: (+1, -1, -1, +1).

[0111] The above 4 sequences can be represented as the 1st to 4th rows of Hadamard matrix H4:

[0112] where,

[0113] Taking n = 3, i.e. the code length is 8, as an example, the preamble sequence can use one or more of the following 8 different Walsh codes:

[0114] 1. Walsh code W0: (+1, +1, +1, +1, +1, +1, +1, +1); 2. Walsh code W1: (+1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1);

[0115] 3. Walsh code W2: (+1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1); 4. Walsh code W3: (+1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1);

[0116] 5. Walsh code W4: (+1, +1, +1, +1, -1, -1, -1, -1); 6. Walsh code W5: (+1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1);

[0117] 7. Walsh code W6: (+1, +1, -1, -1, -1, -1, +1, +1); 8. Walsh code W7: (+1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1, +1, -1).

[0118] The above 8 sequences can be represented as the 1st to 8th rows of a Hadamard matrix H8:

[0119] It can be seen that a Hadamard matrix H 2n of order 2n can be obtained from a Hadamard matrix H n of order n,

[0120] where n = 1, 2, 4, 8, …, that is, n is a positive integer that is an integer power of 2.

[0121] By the above rules, a Hadamard matrix of order 16 can also be obtained, thereby obtaining a Walsh code of length 16, and so on. A Hadamard matrix of order 32 or even larger can also be obtained, thereby obtaining a Walsh code of length 32 or even larger, which will not be described one by one here.

[0122] (2) About m sequences:

[0123] An m sequence is the longest code sequence generated by a multi-stage shift register or a delay element thereof through linear feedback. An m sequence is also called a maximum-length sequence or a maximum-length shift register sequence. The number of stages of a shift register can be understood as the number of shift registers. The sequence currently stored in a shift register is called a state. After outputting one bit, the shift register moves to the next state after supplementing one bit by a feedback function.

[0124] In a binary shift register, if n is the number of stages of the shift register, a shift register of n stages has 2 n states in total, of which 2 n -1 states are left after excluding the all-0 state, and thus the maximum length of the code sequence that it can generate is 2 n -1 bits. That is, the longest period of an n-stage linear feedback shift register is equal to 2 n -1.

[0125] An m sequence has good autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties. Because the uniformity, run distribution, and autocorrelation properties of an m sequence are very similar to the basic properties of a random sequence, an m sequence can also be called a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence or a pseudo-random sequence.

[0126] (3) About gold sequences:

[0127] Gold sequences are generated by the linear combination (XOR operation) of two m-sequences. Gold sequences are generated by a specific Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR), which is a class of pseudorandom binary sequences with good autocorrelation, cross-correlation, and low implementation complexity.

[0128] The generation process of a gold sequence generally follows the following steps:

[0129] 1. Select feedback polynomials: First, two different m-sequence generators are selected, each with a feedback polynomial. These polynomials should be irreducible and relatively prime under modulo 2. For example, for a 3-stage LFSR, the feedback polynomials can be as follows: p1(x) = x 3 + x + 1 p2(x) = x 3 + x 2 + 1

[0130] 2. Initialize LFSR: Choose an initial state for each generator. Typically, the initial state of the LFSR can be any non-zero binary sequence.

[0131] 3. Generate m-sequences: Using the selected feedback polynomials and initial states, generate two m-sequences through the LFSR. The period of an m-sequence is 2 n -1, where n is the stage number of the LFSR.

[0132] 4. Modulo 2 addition: Add the two m-sequences modulo 2 (XOR operation). This step will produce two different gold sequences. Assuming there are two m-sequences M1 and M2, then two gold sequences G1 and G2 can be generated as follows:

[0133] where M3 is another m-sequence, possibly obtained by shifting M2, using the feedback polynomial of M2 but with a different initial LFSR, or other operations.

[0134] To ensure that the generated gold sequences are orthogonal, different m-sequence pairs need to be used for modulo 2 addition, such as using different m-sequences M2 and M3 in the example above to make G1 and G2 orthogonal. If the same m-sequence pair is used to generate two gold sequences, they will not be orthogonal. If a gold sequence of a specific length is required, the generated sequence can be truncated.

[0135] In summary, the application supports generating the first sequence by using a binary sequence, so that the sequence elements of the first sequence only have two possible values, which is very easy to combine with a simple waveform. For the A-IoT device, if the preamble signal mapped by the first sequence is transmitted, the A-IoT device can realize time-frequency domain synchronization and other functions while maintaining the good characteristics of low complexity and low power consumption, thanks to the advantages of the first sequence being easy to generate and easy to implement, thereby ensuring the transmission reliability of the subsequent PDRCH.

[0136] II. Determination method of the first sequence

[0137] The first sequence is agreed by a communication protocol, or is pre-configured, or is configured by the reader, or is determined by the A-IoT device.

[0138] In some embodiments, one or more preamble sequences that can be used by the A-IoT device are pre-configured in the A-IoT device. For example, the one or more preamble sequences are pre-configured in the non-volatile memory (NVM) of the A-IoT device. Because the information stored in the NVM does not need to consume power to maintain, and the energy consumed to read the information stored in the NVM is also relatively low, this implementation helps to reduce the power consumption of the A-IoT device for generating the preamble signal.

[0139] In some embodiments, one or more preamble sequences that can be used by the A-IoT device are configured to the A-IoT device by the reader through signaling. This implementation has high flexibility, supporting the reader to flexibly configure the preamble sequence for each A-IoT device.

[0140] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device dynamically generates the preamble sequence. Optionally, the A-IoT device generates the preamble sequence according to one or more of the following information: control information sent by the reader; an identifier of the reader; an identifier of the A-IoT device; a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device; transmission content of the A-IoT device on the PDRCH. For example, the A-IoT device can initialize an LFSR of a certain m-sequence of a gold sequence according to the indication information sent by the reader.

[0141] III. Length of the first sequence

[0142] In some embodiments, the length of the first sequence is less than or equal to a specific value. The length of the preamble sequence available to the A-IoT device is limited in consideration of the impact of clock drift. After the A-IoT device transmits for a period of time, the length of a chip will change. In order to make the preamble sequence have good cross-correlation, the length of the preamble sequence available to the A-IoT device should be less than or equal to a specific value. The specific value can be agreed by the communication protocol, or pre-configured, or configured by the reader.

[0143] For example, when the Walsh code is used as the preamble sequence, the length of the first sequence can be less than or equal to 8, that is, the specific value is 8. Alternatively, the length of the first sequence can be less than or equal to 16, that is, the specific value is 16.

[0144] For another example, when the gold sequence or the m-sequence is used as the preamble sequence, the length of the first sequence can be 7, that is, the specific value is 7. Alternatively, the length of the first sequence can be less than or equal to 15, that is, the specific value is 15.

[0145] Therefore, limiting the length of the first sequence to be less than or equal to a specific value can reduce the negative impact of the clock drift of the A-IoT device on detection while ensuring good cross-correlation.

[0146] In some embodiments, the length of the first sequence is fixed or variable. Alternatively, the length of the first sequence is agreed by the communication protocol, or pre-configured, or configured by the reader, or determined by the A-IoT device.

[0147] In some embodiments, in order to obtain better flexibility, the A-IoT device can make the first sequence have different lengths according to the dynamic indication of the reader or according to the information carried in the transmitted PRDCH.

[0148] For example, as described above, 2n Walsh sequences of length 2n can be represented as the 1~2n rows of a 2n Hadamard matrix, and a 2n Hadamard matrix can be decomposed into an n Hadamard matrix, and then n Walsh codes of length n can be obtained. In addition, if two gold sequences are orthogonal, the sub-sequences of the same length obtained from them will also be orthogonal in cross-correlation operation. Using the above rules, the A-IoT device can cut the sub-sequences of the corresponding length from the stored long sequences as the first sequence according to the indication of the reader or according to the information carried in the transmitted PRDCH.

[0149] For another example, if the preamble sequence is dynamically generated, the A-IoT device can dynamically generate the first sequence of corresponding length according to the preamble length indicated by the reader, or according to the information carried in the transmitted PRDCH.

[0150] The length of the first sequence is related to the information carried in the PRDCH transmitted by the A-IoT device, for example, different first sequence lengths are used for contention-based D2R transmission and other D2R transmission, so as to further avoid interference between different D2R transmissions sent to the same reader in the contention-based D2R transmission. For example, the contention-based D2R transmission is the first message sent by the A-IoT device to the reader in the inventory process, and the first message can carry the random identifier (ID) of the A-IoT device.

[0151] Four, mapping of the first sequence to the preamble signal.

[0152] In some embodiments, the preamble signal is obtained by the first sequence through first modulation; or, the preamble signal is obtained by the first sequence through line coding and first modulation.

[0153] In some embodiments, the first modulation includes at least one of the following: on-off keying (OOK) modulation, binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) modulation, amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation.

[0154] In some embodiments, the line coding includes at least one of the following: Manchester coding, bi-phase space coding (FM0), miller-modulated subcarrier (MMS) coding, square wave coding, not return to zero (NRZ) coding, unipolar return to zero (URZ) coding, differential binary phase (DBP) coding, differential coding.

[0155] FIGS. 9 to 12 show several typical line coding diagrams.

[0156] Manchester coding shown in FIG. 9 encodes bit 0 as {chip 1, chip 0} and encodes bit 1 as {chip 0, chip 1}. Here, 1 represents high level and 0 represents low level. In an implementation, high level or low level is determined according to a threshold value, i.e., high level if the detected value exceeds the threshold value and low level if the detected value is below the threshold value.

[0157] FM0 coding shown in FIG. 10 inverts the average of the signal at the boundary of each symbol, and if 0 / 1 is transmitted, there is an additional level inversion in the middle of the symbol, and if 1 / 0 is transmitted, there is no inversion in the middle of the symbol.

[0158] MMS coding shown in FIG. 11 first performs baseband coding on the data bit, and then multiplies the baseband coding with a square wave, i.e., if the baseband signal is high level, the square wave level remains unchanged, and vice versa. The period of the square wave is less than or equal to the baseband symbol, i.e., C square wave periods can be contained in each symbol period, and C can be 2, 4, 8, etc. FIG. 11 takes C = 2 as an example.

[0159] For example, the baseband coding can be that binary "1" is represented by level inversion in the middle of the symbol, and binary "0" is represented by no inversion in the middle of the symbol, and in addition, there is no level inversion between two 1 symbols or between a 1 symbol and a 0 symbol, but there is level inversion between two 0 symbols.

[0160] Square wave coding shown in FIG. 12 represents bit 1 in the baseband signal sequence as high level and represents bit 0 as low level, and then directly multiplies the baseband signal with a square wave of a specific period, i.e., the square wave level remains unchanged if it is 1, and the square wave level is inverted if it is 0.

[0161] In some embodiments, the first sequence and the PDRCH use the same modulation mode, and / or the first sequence and the PDRCH use the same coding mode.

[0162] FIG. 13 shows a mapping diagram of the first sequence to the preamble signal according to an example embodiment of the present application. The first sequence generates the preamble signal after first modulation.

[0163] In some embodiments, if the elements of the first sequence are "+1" or "-1", "+1" is converted to "1" and "-1" is converted to "0", or "+1" is converted to "0" and "-1" is converted to "1", so that the first sequence and the PDRCH use the same modulation mode, which is advantageous to simplify the generation complexity of the preamble signal.

[0164] FIG. 14 shows a mapping diagram of a first sequence to a preamble signal according to an example embodiment of the present application. The first sequence is mapped to a preamble signal after line coding and first modulation.

[0165] In some embodiments, if the element of the first sequence is "+1" or "-1", it is required to convert "+1" to "1" and "-1" to "0" or convert "+1" to "0" and "-1" to "1" before line coding, so that the first sequence and the PDRCH use the same line coding, and the preamble signal is generated after line coding and first modulation, which is beneficial to improve the detection performance of the preamble signal.

[0166] V. Selection or generation of the first sequence.

[0167] In some embodiments, the first sequence is one of a first preamble set; or, the first sequence is generated according to a second sequence, and the second sequence is one of the first preamble set. The first preamble set includes N preamble sequences, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. When N is greater than 1, the N preamble sequences are orthogonal to each other. Of course, there can be only N preamble sequences, and there is no concept of "first preamble set", for example, the first sequence is one of the N preamble sequences, or the first sequence is generated according to a second sequence, and the second sequence is one of the N preamble sequences.

[0168] In some embodiments, the first preamble set is agreed by a communication protocol, or is pre-configured, or is configured by a reader, or is generated by an A-IoT device according to an initial sequence, or is determined by the A-IoT device from K preamble sets, and K is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0169] In some embodiments, the N preamble sequences are agreed by a communication protocol, or are pre-configured, or are configured by a reader, or are generated by an A-IoT device according to an initial sequence, or are determined by the A-IoT device from K preamble sets, and K is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0170] In some embodiments, the K preamble sets are agreed by a communication protocol, or are pre-configured, or are configured by a reader.

[0171] In combination with the determination of the first preamble set, the present application exemplarily gives five typical selection or generation methods of the first sequence.

[0172] Method 1: The first preamble set is agreed by a communication protocol, or is pre-configured, or is configured by a reader. The first sequence is directly or indirectly indicated by the reader.

[0173] The first sequence is directly indicated by the reader, for example, the reader sends control information carrying the index of the first sequence, after receiving the control information, the A-IoT device can directly obtain the index of the first sequence, thereby determining the first sequence to be used by itself. Alternatively, direct indication can also be referred to as explicit indication.

[0174] The first sequence is indirectly indicated by the reader, for example, the control information sent by the reader carries information for determining the index of the first sequence, after receiving the control information, the A-IoT device can indirectly determine the index of the first sequence, thereby determining the first sequence to be used by itself. Alternatively, indirect indication can also be referred to as implicit indication.

[0175] In some embodiments, the first sequence used by the A-IoT device before each PDRCH transmission and / or the length of the first sequence is indicated by the reader in the control information. Alternatively, the control information is the D2R grant sent by the reader to the A-IoT device. Through this implementation mode, it can be avoided as much as possible that the same first sequence is used for D2R transmission sent to different readers, thereby ensuring the reliability of D2R transmission.

[0176] The index of the first sequence can be directly indicated or indirectly indicated by the reader:

[0177] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device can be preconfigured with N preamble sequences, or preconfigured with a first preamble set (including N preamble sequences). The indexes of the N preamble sequences are 0-N-1 (may also be 1-N, in some embodiments of the present application, the index is numbered from 0 as an example, but it does not mean to be limited to this), the reader directly indicates the preamble sequence index I that the A-IoT device should use in the D2R grant, 0≤I≤N-1, the A-IoT device takes the preamble sequence corresponding to the index I as the first sequence, that is, generates the preamble signal by using the preamble sequence corresponding to the index I. This implementation mode is conducive to the reader to flexibly control the preamble sequence used by the A-IoT device.

[0178] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device can be pre-configured with N preamble sequences, or pre-configured with a first preamble set (including N preamble sequences). The indices of the N preamble sequences are 0~N-1 respectively. The reader indicates the ID of the reader in the D2R authorization, and the A-IoT device uses the ID of the reader to obtain the preamble sequence index I that the A-IoT device should use, and then uses the preamble sequence corresponding to the index I as the first sequence, that is, uses the preamble sequence corresponding to the index I to generate the preamble signal. The preamble sequence index I is determined according to the ID of the reader and the modulo result of N. This implementation can reduce the bit overhead in the D2R authorization. For example, assuming that the ID of the reader is D, the preamble sequence index I that the A-IoT device should use is mod(D, N), 0≤I≤N-1.

[0179] The length of the first sequence can be directly or indirectly indicated by the reader:

[0180] In some embodiments, the reader directly indicates the length of the first sequence in the D2R authorization. The A-IoT device extracts a sub-sequence of the corresponding length from the preamble sequence determined according to the preamble sequence index I according to the length of the first sequence indicated by the reader, and maps the sub-sequence as the first sequence to obtain the preamble signal. This way is conducive to the reader to flexibly control the length of the first sequence used by the A-IoT device.

[0181] In some embodiments, the reader indirectly indicates the length of the first sequence in the D2R authorization. For example, the reader indicates a length coefficient in the D2R authorization, and there is a first corresponding relationship (or referred to as a first mapping relationship) between the value of the length coefficient and the length of the first sequence. The first corresponding relationship can be agreed by the communication protocol, or pre-configured, or configured by the reader. Optionally, the first corresponding relationship is a rule described in words, or a rule defined by a mathematical formula, or defined in the form of a mapping table. Optionally, the length coefficient is represented by 1 bit or more bits.

[0182] For example, based on the first corresponding relationship, the value of the length coefficient can be used to represent the size relationship between the length of the first sequence and the length of the preamble sequence corresponding to the preamble sequence index I. For example, when the length coefficient is a first value, it means that the length of the first sequence is equal to the length of the preamble sequence corresponding to the preamble sequence index I; when the length coefficient is a second value, it means that the length of the first sequence is 1 / 2 or 1 / 4 of the length of the preamble sequence corresponding to the preamble sequence index I, and so on. Optionally, the first value is 0 and the second value is 1; or the first value is 1 and the second value is 0. Of course, the first value and the second value can also be other numerical values other than 0 and 1, which are not limited in the present application.

[0183] For example, based on the first correspondence relationship, different values of the length coefficient correspond to different length values of the first sequence. For example, when the length coefficient is a first value, it means that the length of the first sequence is 2; when the length coefficient is a second value, it means that the length of the first sequence is 4, and so on.

[0184] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device can be pre-configured with N preamble sequences, or pre-configured with a first preamble set (including N preamble sequences). The indexes of the N preamble sequences are 0~N-1 respectively. The reader indicates the ID of the reader in the D2R authorization so as to facilitate the A-IoT device to calculate the preamble sequence index I, and indicates the length of the first sequence. Alternatively, the reader directly indicates the preamble sequence index I to be adopted by the A-IoT device in the D2R authorization, and indicates the length of the first sequence. The A-IoT device determines the preamble sequence according to the preamble sequence index I directly or indirectly indicated by the reader, and then cuts a sub-sequence of a corresponding length from the preamble sequence according to the length of the first sequence indicated by the reader to obtain the first sequence, and further generates the preamble signal. This implementation manner is conducive to the reader to flexibly control the first sequence adopted by the device and the length of the first sequence.

[0185] In some embodiments, in order to avoid the negative impact of the clock drift of the A-IoT device on sequence detection, the length of the first sequence should be less than a certain value. For example, if the PDRCH is a non-competitive D2R transmission, the length of the first sequence should be 8 or 16. For another example, if the PDRCH is a competitive D2R transmission, the length of the first sequence should be 16 or 32.

[0186] Specifically, the mode 1 is explained here in combination with Walsh sequences. It is assumed that the A-IoT device is configured or pre-configured with the following 8 Walsh code sequences, i.e. N=8:

[0187] Walsh code W0: (+1, +1, +1, +1, +1, +1, +1, +1); Walsh code W1: (+1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1, +1, -1);

[0188] Walsh code W2: (+1, +1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1); Walsh code W3: (+1, -1, -1, +1, +1, -1, -1, +1);

[0189] Walsh code W4: (+1, +1, +1, +1, -1, -1, -1, -1); Walsh code W5: (+1, -1, +1, -1, -1, +1, -1, +1);

[0190] Walsh code W6: (+1,+1,-1,-1,-1,-1,+1,+1); Walsh code W7: (+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,+1,+1,-1).

[0191] When the index of the first sequence is directly indicated by the reader, if the preamble sequence index I indicated in the D2R authorization is 0, the A-IoT device uses Walsh code W0 as the first sequence; if the preamble sequence index I indicated in the D2R authorization is 1, the A-IoT device uses Walsh code W1 as the first sequence, and so on.

[0192] If the index of the first sequence is indirectly indicated by the reader, and the ID of the reader indicated in the D2R authorization is 12, that is, D=12, then I=12mod 8=4, and the A-IoT device should use the Walsh code W4.

[0193] In the case where the length of the first sequence is indirectly indicated by the reader, assuming the preamble sequence index I is 2, and the D2R license uses 1 bit to represent the length coefficient. If the length coefficient is 0, it means the length of the first sequence is the same as the length of the Walsh code W2. If the length coefficient is 1, it means the length of the first sequence is half the length of the Walsh code W2, and the subsequence (+1,+1,-1,-1) is taken as the first sequence.

[0194] Method 2: The first preamble set is one of the K preamble sets, and the first sequence is selected by the A-IoT device from the first preamble set.

[0195] The K preamble sets are defined by the communication protocol, pre-configured, or configured by the reader. Any two preamble sequences in different preamble sets are orthogonal, and each preamble set contains one or more orthogonal preamble sequences. By defining, configuring, or pre-configuring different preamble sets through the protocol, interference between D2R transmissions sent to different readers can be avoided. Furthermore, A-IoT devices using the same preamble set may choose different preamble sequences, thus preventing interference between different D2R transmissions during contention-based D2R transmission.

[0196] • Determination of the first preamble set:

[0197] In some embodiments, the first preamble set is directly indicated by the reader. For example, the reader sends control information carrying the index of the first preamble set. After receiving the control information, the A-IoT device can directly obtain the index of the first preamble set, thereby determining the first preamble set it should use.

[0198] For example, an A-IoT device is configured or pre-configured with K preamble sets, where the indices of the K preamble sets are 0 to K-1. The reader directly indicates the index I' of the first preamble set that the A-IoT device should use in the D2R authorization, where 0 ≤ I' ≤ K-1.

[0199] In some embodiments, the first preamble set is indirectly indicated by the reader. For example, the control information sent by the reader carries information used to determine the index of the first preamble set among K preamble sets. After receiving the control information, the A-IoT device can indirectly determine the index of the first preamble set, thereby determining the first preamble set it wants to use.

[0200] For example, an A-IoT device is configured or pre-configured with K preamble sets, where the indices of the K preamble sets are 0 to K-1. The reader indicates its ID in the D2R authorization. The A-IoT device uses the reader's ID to obtain index I', and then uses the preamble set corresponding to index I' as the first preamble set. The index I' of the first preamble set is determined based on the modulo result of the reader's ID and K. This implementation reduces the bit overhead in D2R authorization. For example, assuming the reader's ID is D, the index I' of the first preamble set that the A-IoT device should use is mod(D, K), where 0 ≤ I' ≤ K-1.

[0201] In some embodiments, the first preamble set is a set randomly selected by the A-IoT device from K preamble sets. For example, the index I' of the first preamble set is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to K-1, where 0≤I'≤K-1.

[0202] • Selection of the first sequence:

[0203] In some embodiments, the first sequence is a preamble sequence randomly selected by the A-IoT device from a first preamble set. For example, the index I of the first sequence is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to N-1, where 0≤I≤N-1.

[0204] In some embodiments, the first sequence is a preamble sequence selected by the A-IoT device from a first preamble set based on its own ID. For example, the index I of the first sequence is determined by modulo the ID of the A-IoT device and the number N of preamble sequences included in the first preamble set, where I = mod(D, N), 0 ≤ I ≤ N-1, and D represents the ID of the A-IoT device. Optionally, the ID of the A-IoT device includes: a temporary ID of the A-IoT device, such as a 16-bit random or pseudo-random number (RN16), or RN32; or, the Electronic Product Code (EPC) of the A-IoT device.

[0205] Specifically, this section uses Walsh sequences to illustrate method 2.

[0206] Referring to Figure 15, assume that the A-IoT device is configured or pre-configured with four preamble sets, i.e., K=4. Each preamble set contains two Walsh codes as preamble sequences, i.e., N=2. Assuming that the A-IoT device determines the first preamble set as preamble set 1 based on control information or a random value, the A-IoT device selects a Walsh code from preamble set 1 as the first sequence based on its own ID (temporary ID or EPC) or a random value. For example, the A-IoT device selects Walsh code W2 as the first sequence.

[0207] Referring to Figure 16, assume that the A-IoT device is configured or pre-configured with two preamble sets, i.e., K=2. Each preamble set contains four Walsh codes as preamble sequences, i.e., N=4. Assuming that the A-IoT device determines the first preamble set as preamble set 0 based on control information or a random value, the A-IoT device selects a Walsh code from preamble set 0 as the first sequence based on its own ID (temporary ID or EPC) or a random value. For example, the A-IoT device selects Walsh code W3 as the first sequence.

[0208] In some embodiments, to avoid the negative impact of clock drift of A-IoT devices on sequence detection, the length of the first sequence should be less than a specific value. For example, if the PDRCH is a non-contention-based D2R transmission, the length of the first sequence should be 8 or 16. As another example, if the PDRCH is a contention-based D2R transmission, the length of the first sequence should be 16 or 32.

[0209] Method 3: The first preamble set is either agreed upon by the communication protocol, pre-configured, or configured by the reader. The first sequence is determined based on the content transmitted by the A-IoT device on the PDRCH.

[0210] In some embodiments, the preamble sequence used by the A-IoT device before each PDRCH transmission is indicated by the reader in the control information. Optionally, the control information is a D2R grant sent by the reader to the A-IoT device.

[0211] In some embodiments, the first sequence is determined by the A-IoT device based on its own transmission content on the PDRCH. For example, the first sequence is determined by the A-IoT device based on its own D2R transmission type on the PDRCH.

[0212] In some embodiments, the content transmitted by the A-IoT device on the PDRCH is a Type I D2R transmission, that is, the reader schedules a Type I D2R transmission through control information (such as D2R authorization). The A-IoT device then determines the first sequence based on the control information. The control information may directly or indirectly indicate the index of the first sequence; relevant details can be found in Method 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0213] In some embodiments, the content transmitted by the A-IoT device on the PDRCH is a second type of D2R transmission, that is, the reader schedules a second type of D2R transmission through control information (such as D2R authorization), and the A-IoT device uses the extended sequence of the second sequence as the first sequence.

[0214] The second type of D2R transmission is contention-based D2R transmission. The first type of D2R transmission is any other type of D2R transmission; that is, the first type of D2R transmission is non-contention-based D2R transmission.

[0215] In some embodiments, the second sequence is a preamble sequence indicated by control information within the first preamble set. For example, the control information directly or indirectly indicates the index of the second sequence. The A-IoT device expands the second sequence into a longer preamble sequence according to a spreading factor, and uses the preamble sequence obtained by expanding the second sequence and the spreading factor as the first sequence. The A-IoT device uses the first sequence to generate a preamble signal. Optionally, the expanded sequences obtained according to different spreading factors are orthogonal to each other; that is, the first sequences corresponding to different spreading factors are orthogonal to each other. Optionally, the expanded sequences obtained according to different second sequences are orthogonal to each other; that is, the first sequences corresponding to different second sequences are orthogonal to each other.

[0216] In some embodiments, the second sequence is a preamble sequence randomly selected by the A-IoT device from the first preamble set. For example, the index I2 of the second sequence is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to N-1, where 0≤I2≤N-1.

[0217] In some embodiments, the second sequence is a preamble sequence selected by the A-IoT device from the first preamble set based on its own ID. For example, the index I2 of the second sequence is determined by taking the modulo result of the A-IoT device's ID and the number N of preamble sequences included in the first preamble set, where I2 = mod(D, N), 0 ≤ I2 ≤ N-1, and D represents the A-IoT device's ID. Optionally, the A-IoT device's ID may include the A-IoT device's temporary ID or the A-IoT device's EPC.

[0218] In some embodiments, the expansion factor is generated by the A-IoT device based on its own ID, or it is randomly generated by the A-IoT device.

[0219] Assume that the second sequence can be expanded into at most M extended sequences, that is, M is the number of sequences that a preamble sequence can be expanded into, and M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. Optionally, M is a specific value. Optionally, M is agreed upon by the communication protocol, or is pre-configured, or is configured by the reader.

[0220] For example, the scaling factor is determined based on the modulo result of the A-IoT device's ID and M. Scaling factor = mod(D,M), where D represents the A-IoT device's ID (temporary ID or EPC).

[0221] For example, the expansion factor is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to M-1.

[0222] Specifically, this section uses Walsh sequences to illustrate method 3.

[0223] Referring to Figure 17, assume that the first preamble set configured or pre-configured by the A-IoT device includes 8 Walsh codes, i.e., N=8. Assume that the D2R authorization scheduling is a type 2 D2R transmission (i.e., contention-based D2R transmission). Assume that the A-IoT device determines the second sequence as Walsh code W2 based on control information or a random value. Walsh code W2 can be expanded into at most 2 sequences, i.e., M=2, and the expansion coefficient is 0 or 1.

[0224] If the expansion coefficient is 0, the Walsh code W2 is expanded to [W2,W2], and [W2,W2] is used as the first sequence, [W2,W2] = (+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1). If the expansion coefficient is 1, the Walsh code W2 is expanded to [W2,-W2], and [W2,-W2] is used as the first sequence, [W2,-W2] = (+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,+1,+1).

[0225] Alternatively, if the expansion factor is 0, the Walsh code W2 is expanded to [W2, -W2], and [W2, -W2] is used as the first sequence. If the expansion factor is 1, the Walsh code W2 is expanded to [W2, W2], and [W2, W2] is used as the first sequence.

[0226] Referring to Figure 18, assume that the first preamble set configured or pre-configured by the A-IoT device includes 8 Walsh codes, i.e., N=8. Assume that the D2R authorization scheduling is a type 2 D2R transmission (i.e., contention-based D2R transmission). Assume that the A-IoT device determines the second sequence as Walsh code W2 based on control information or a random value. Walsh code W2 can be expanded into a maximum of 4 sequences, i.e., M=4, and the expansion coefficient is 0, 1, 2, or 3.

[0227] If the expansion coefficient is 0, the Walsh code W2 is expanded to [W2,W2,W2,W2], and [W2,W2,W2,W2] is used as the first sequence. If the expansion coefficient is 1, the Walsh code W2 is expanded to [W2,W2,-W2,-W2], and [W2,W2,-W2,-W2] is used as the first sequence. If the expansion coefficient is 2, the Walsh code W2 is expanded to [W2,-W2,W2,-W2], and [W2,-W2,W2,-W2] is used as the first sequence. If the expansion coefficient is 3, the Walsh code W2 is expanded to [W2,-W2,-W2,W2], and [W2,-W2,-W2,W2] is used as the first sequence. [W2,W2,W2,W2]=(+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1, -1,+1,+1,-1,-1). [W2,W2,-W2,-W2]=(+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1, +1,-1,-1,+1,+1). [W2,-W2,W2,-W2]=(+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,-1,-1,+1, +1,-1,-1,+1,+1). [W2,-W2,-W2,W2]=(+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,+1,+1,-1, -1,+1,+1,-1,-1).

[0228] In some embodiments, to avoid the negative impact of clock drift of A-IoT devices on sequence detection, the length of the first sequence should be less than a specific value. For example, if the PDRCH is a non-contention-based D2R transmission, the length of the first sequence should be 8 or 16. As another example, if the PDRCH is a contention-based D2R transmission, the length of the first sequence should be 16 or 32.

[0229] Therefore, method 3 can reduce the length of the preamble sequence that A-IoT devices need to store. It also supports obtaining more orthogonal sequences through dynamic expansion when necessary to meet the preamble transmission requirements of A-IoT devices.

[0230] Method 4: The A-IoT device has S initial sequences agreed upon, configured, or pre-configured by the communication protocol. According to the instructions of the control information, the A-IoT device generates the first sequence based on the initial sequences.

[0231] In some embodiments, the communication protocol specifies S initial sequences corresponding to the A-IoT device; alternatively, the reader configures S initial sequences to the A-IoT device; or, the A-IoT device is pre-configured with S initial sequences. S is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Optionally, the S initial sequences are mutually orthogonal. The S initial sequences can be represented as W. i , 0≤i<S.

[0232] In some embodiments, the preamble sequence used by the A-IoT device before each PDRCH transmission is indicated by the reader in the control information. Optionally, the control information is a D2R grant sent by the reader to the A-IoT device. The D2R grant may directly or indirectly indicate the preamble sequence index I, where I ranges from 0 to 2S-1. The A-IoT device generates a corresponding first sequence based on the preamble sequence index I. Specifically, if 0 ≤ I < S, then the first sequence is [W I W I If S≤I<2S-1, then the first sequence is [W]. I-S ,-W I-S ].

[0233] Specifically, this section uses Walsh sequences to illustrate method 4.

[0234] Suppose that the A-IoT device is configured or pre-configured with the following four initial sequences, i.e., S = 4.

[0235] Walsh code W0: (+1,+1,+1,+1); Walsh code W1: (+1,-1,+1,-1);

[0236] Walsh code W2: (+1,+1,-1,-1); Walsh code W3: (+1,-1,-1,+1).

[0237] Assuming the preamble sequence index I = 0 for the control information indication, the first sequence generated by the A-IoT device based on I = 0 is [W0, W0].

[0238] Where, [W0,W0]=(+1,+1,+1,+1,+1,+1,+1,+1,+1).

[0239] Assuming the preamble sequence index I = 1 for the control information indication, the first sequence generated by the A-IoT device based on I = 1 is [W1, W1].

[0240] Where, [W1,W1]=(+1,-1,+1,-1,+1,-1,+1,-1,+1,-1).

[0241] Assuming the preamble sequence index I = 2 for the control information indication, the first sequence generated by the A-IoT device based on I = 2 is [W2, W2].

[0242] Where, [W2,W2]=(+1,+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1).

[0243] Assuming the preamble sequence index I = 3 for the control information indication, the first sequence generated by the A-IoT device based on I = 3 is [W3, W3].

[0244] Where, [W3,W3]=(+1,-1,-1,+1,+1,-1,-1,+1).

[0245] Assuming the preamble sequence index I = 4 for the control information indication, the first sequence generated by the A-IoT device based on I = 4 is [W0, -W0].

[0246] Where, [W0,-W0]=(+1,+1,+1,+1,-1,-1,-1,-1).

[0247] Assuming the preamble sequence index I = 5 for the control information indication, the first sequence generated by the A-IoT device based on I = 5 is [W1, -W1].

[0248] Where, [W1,-W1] = (+1,-1,+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,+1,-1,+1).

[0249] Assuming the preamble sequence index I = 6 for the control information indication, the first sequence generated by the A-IoT device based on I = 6 is [W2, -W2].

[0250] Where, [W2,-W2]=(+1,+1,-1,-1,-1,-1,+1,+1).

[0251] Assuming the preamble sequence index I = 7 for the control information indication, the first sequence generated by the A-IoT device based on I = 7 is [W3, -W3].

[0252] Where, [W3,-W3] = (+1,-1,-1,+1,-1,+1,+1,-1).

[0253] In some embodiments, to avoid the negative impact of clock drift of A-IoT devices on sequence detection, the length of the first sequence should be less than a specific value. For example, if the PDRCH is a non-contention-based D2R transmission, the length of the first sequence should be 8 or 16. As another example, if the PDRCH is a contention-based D2R transmission, the length of the first sequence should be 16 or 32.

[0254] Method 5: The A-IoT device generates a first sequence of a specific length according to the instructions of the control information.

[0255] In some embodiments, the preamble sequence information used by the A-IoT device before each PDRCH transmission is indicated by the reader in the control information, such as the D2R grant sent by the reader to the A-IoT device.

[0256] In some embodiments, the preamble sequence information includes one or more of the following: reader ID, length of the first sequence, preamble initialization value, etc.

[0257] In some embodiments, to avoid the negative impact of clock drift of A-IoT devices on sequence detection, the length of the first sequence should be less than a specific value. For example, if the PDRCH is a non-contention-based D2R transmission, the length of the first sequence should be 8 or 16. As another example, if the PDRCH is a contention-based D2R transmission, the length of the first sequence should be 16 or 32.

[0258] For example, the preamble sequence can be a gold sequence, and the preamble sequence information can include the reader's ID and the length of the first sequence. After receiving D2R authorization, the A-IoT device initializes and generates the LFSR of the gold sequence based on the reader's ID, and then generates a first sequence of a specific length. The specific length refers to the length of the first sequence indicated by the D2R authorization.

[0259] For example, the preamble sequence can be a gold sequence, and the preamble sequence information can be the reader's ID. After receiving D2R authorization, the A-IoT device initializes and generates the LFSR of the gold sequence based on the reader's ID, and then generates a first sequence of a specific length. The specific length is determined by the A-IoT device based on the content sent by the PDRCH.

[0260] In summary, this application supports A-IoT devices using different lengths for the first sequence based on control information instructions or the content transmitted via PDRCH. The first sequence can be configured by the reader, pre-configured, or dynamically generated by the A-IoT device. For example, the A-IoT device selects or generates the first sequence based on control information instructions, its own ID, or a random value. The first sequence can be line-encoded and then modulated to generate a preamble signal, or it can be directly modulated to generate a preamble without line encoding.

[0261] Figure 19 shows a flowchart of a preamble transmission method provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0262] In D2R transmission, A-IoT devices need to send a preamble signal before sending PDRCH. The preamble signal is used at least by the reader to obtain timing information and / or the start point of the D2R transmission.

[0263] As an optional design, other reference signals, such as a mid-amble, can be present in the middle of the PDRCH. Alternatively, a post-amble can be present at the end of the PDRCH. The mid-amble and post-amble can be used to further assist the reader in timing estimation, channel estimation, and PDRCH length determination.

[0264] In some embodiments, D2R transmission may employ line coding. Line coding includes, for example, at least one of the following: Manchester coding, FM0 coding, MMS coding, square wave coding, etc.

[0265] In some embodiments, the first sequence is determined by the A-IoT device based on one or more of the following: control information sent by the reader; the identifier of the reader; the identifier of the A-IoT device; a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device; and the content transmitted by the A-IoT device on the PDRCH.

[0266] In some embodiments, the control information carries one or more of the following indication information: an index of a first sequence; an identifier of the reader; the length of the first sequence; an index of a first preamble set; an index of a second sequence; an initial sequence for generating the first sequence; and a scheduled D2R transmission type.

[0267] In some embodiments, the first sequence is a preamble sequence in a first preamble set; or, the first sequence is generated based on a second sequence, which is a preamble sequence in the first preamble set; wherein, the first preamble set includes N preamble sequences, where N is an integer greater than 1.

[0268] In some embodiments, the first preamble set is pre-configured, or configured by the reader, or generated by the A-IoT device based on the initial sequence, or determined by the A-IoT device from K preamble sets, where K is an integer greater than 1.

[0269] In some embodiments, the first preamble set is indicated by control information sent by the reader, or determined by the A-IoT device based on the reader's identifier, or determined by the A-IoT device based on the A-IoT device's identifier, or randomly selected by the A-IoT device.

[0270] In some embodiments, the index of the first preamble set is determined based on the identifier of the reader and the modulo result of K; or, the index of the first preamble set is determined based on the identifier of the A-IoT device and the modulo result of K; or, the index of the first preamble set is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to K-1.

[0271] In some embodiments, the index of the first sequence is determined based on the identifier of the reader and the modulo result of N; or, the index of the first sequence is determined based on the identifier of the A-IoT device and the modulo result of N; or, the index of the first sequence is directly indicated by control information sent by the reader; or, the index of the first sequence is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to N-1.

[0272] In some embodiments, the first sequence is an extended sequence of the second sequence; and the index of the second sequence is directly indicated by control information sent by the reader; or, the index of the second sequence is determined based on the identifier of the reader and the modulo result of N; or, the index of the second sequence is determined based on the identifier of the A-IoT device and the modulo result of N; or, the index of the second sequence is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to N-1.

[0273] In some embodiments, the first sequence is obtained by expanding the second sequence and the expansion coefficient; wherein the expansion coefficient is determined based on the identifier of the A-IoT device and the modulo result of M, where M is the number of sequences that the second sequence can expand, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1; or, the expansion coefficient is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to M-1; or, the expansion coefficient is directly indicated by the control information sent by the reader.

[0274] In some embodiments, the first sequences obtained by expanding different second sequences are orthogonal to each other, and / or, the first sequences obtained by expanding different expansion coefficients are orthogonal to each other.

[0275] In some embodiments, the length of the second sequence is 8 or 16, and the length of the first sequence obtained by expansion is 16 or 32.

[0276] In some embodiments, the D2R transmission type scheduled by the control information sent by the reader is a contention-based D2R transmission.

[0277] In some embodiments, the identifier of an A-IoT device includes: a temporary ID of the A-IoT device, or the EPC of the A-IoT device.

[0278] In some embodiments, the length of the first sequence is indicated by control information sent by the reader; or, the length of the first sequence is determined based on the content transmitted by the A-IoT device on the PDRCH.

[0279] In some embodiments, the length of the first sequence is fixed or variable.

[0280] In some embodiments, the first sequence is a Walsh sequence, an m sequence, a gold sequence, a Kasami sequence, or a Reed-Muller sequence, etc.

[0281] In some embodiments, the preamble signal is obtained by first modulation of the first sequence; or, the preamble signal is obtained by line coding and first modulation of the first sequence; wherein, the first modulation includes at least one of the following: OOK modulation, BPSK modulation, and FSK modulation.

[0282] In summary, the method provided in this application supports A-IoT devices using binary sequences as preamble sequences, which can reduce the implementation load of A-IoT devices. Furthermore, the preamble sequence can also use different lengths depending on the control information indication or the content transmitted by the PDRCH. The preamble sequence can be configured, pre-configured, or dynamically generated. It also supports A-IoT devices selecting or generating preamble sequences based on control information indications, their own ID, or random values. The preamble sequence can also be line-coded and then modulated to generate a preamble signal. A-IoT devices can support multiple orthogonal preamble sequences with low complexity and power consumption, thereby reducing interference in the A-IoT system and improving the reception performance of the PDRCH.

[0283] Figure 20 shows a structural block diagram of a preamble transmission apparatus provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. This apparatus can be implemented as an A-IoT device as described above, or as part of an A-IoT device as described above. The apparatus includes a transmitting module 2010. Optionally, the apparatus further includes a processing module 2030 and / or a receiving module 2050.

[0284] Optionally, the device is a wireless communication device / wireless device that supports the 3GPP protocol. Optionally, the device is a wireless communication device / wireless device that supports the 802.11 protocol.

[0285] The transmitting module 2010 is used to transmit a preamble signal, which indicates the start point and timing of the PDRCH that is transmitted immediately thereafter. The preamble signal is obtained by mapping a first sequence, wherein the first sequence is pre-configured, configured by a reader, or determined by the device.

[0286] In some embodiments, the sending module 2010 is also used to send PDRCH.

[0287] In some embodiments, the sending module 2010 is also used to send reference signals such as a mid-amble and / or a post-amble.

[0288] In some embodiments, the processing module 2030 is configured to determine the first sequence based on one or more of the following: control information sent by the reader; the identifier of the reader; the identifier of the device; a random value randomly generated by the device; and the transmission content of the device on the PDRCH.

[0289] In some embodiments, the processing module 2030 is configured to determine or select the first sequence from the first preamble set.

[0290] In some embodiments, the processing module 2030 is configured to determine the index of the first sequence based on the identifier of the reader and the modulo result of N; or, to determine the index of the first sequence based on the identifier of the device and the modulo result of N; or, to determine the index of the first sequence based on a direct indication of control information sent by the reader; or, to determine the index of the first sequence based on a random value randomly generated from 0 to N-1.

[0291] In some embodiments, the processing module 2030 is configured to generate the first sequence based on the second sequence, and to determine or select the second sequence from the first preamble set.

[0292] In some embodiments, the processing module 2030 is configured to determine the index of the second sequence based on the identifier of the reader and the modulo result of N; or, to determine the index of the second sequence based on the identifier of the device and the modulo result of N; or, to determine the index of the second sequence based on a direct indication of control information sent by the reader; or, to determine the index of the second sequence based on a random value randomly generated from 0 to N-1.

[0293] In some embodiments, the processing module 2030 is used to expand the first sequence according to the second sequence and the expansion coefficient to obtain the first sequence.

[0294] In some embodiments, the processing module 2030 is configured to determine the expansion coefficient based on the identifier of the device and the modulo result of M; or, to determine the expansion coefficient based on a random value randomly generated from 0 to M-1; or, to determine the expansion coefficient based on a direct instruction from the control information sent by the reader. Wherein, M is the number of sequences that the second sequence can expand upon, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0295] In some embodiments, the processing module 2030 is configured to determine the length of the first sequence based on control information sent by the reader; or, to determine the length of the first sequence based on the transmission content of the device on the PDRCH.

[0296] In some embodiments, the processing module 2030 is configured to determine or select the first preamble set from K preamble sets.

[0297] In some embodiments, the processing module 2030 is configured to determine the first preamble set based on control information sent by the reader, or to determine the first preamble set based on the identifier of the reader, or to determine the first preamble set based on the identifier of the device, or to randomly select the first preamble set.

[0298] In some embodiments, the processing module 2030 is configured to determine the index of the first preamble set based on the identifier of the reader and the modulo result of K; or, to determine the index of the first preamble set based on the identifier of the device and the modulo result of K; or, to determine the index of the first preamble set based on a random value randomly generated from 0 to K-1.

[0299] In some embodiments, the processing module 2030 is configured to perform a first modulation on the first sequence to obtain the preamble signal. Alternatively, the processing module 2030 is configured to perform line coding and a first modulation on the first sequence to obtain the preamble signal.

[0300] In some embodiments, the receiving module 2050 is configured to receive control information sent by the reader. The control information carries one or more of the following indication information: the index of the first sequence; the identifier of the reader; the length of the first sequence; the index of the first preamble set; the index of the second sequence; the initial sequence for generating the first sequence; and the scheduled D2R transmission type.

[0301] In summary, the apparatus provided in this application supports the use of binary sequences as preamble sequences, which reduces the implementation load of the apparatus. Furthermore, the preamble sequence can also use different lengths depending on the control information indication or the content transmitted by the PDRCH. The preamble sequence can be configured, pre-configured, or dynamically generated. It also supports selecting or generating a preamble sequence based on control information indication, its own ID, or random values. The preamble sequence can also be line-coded and then modulated to generate a preamble signal. This apparatus can support multiple orthogonal preamble sequences with low complexity and power consumption, thereby reducing interference in A-IoT systems and improving the receiving performance of the PDRCH.

[0302] Figure 21 shows a structural block diagram of a preamble transmission apparatus provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. This apparatus can be implemented as the reader described above, or as part of the reader described above. The apparatus includes a receiving module 2110. Optionally, the apparatus further includes a processing module 2130 and / or a transmitting module 2150.

[0303] Optionally, the device is a wireless communication device / wireless device that supports the 3GPP protocol. Optionally, the device is a wireless communication device / wireless device that supports the 802.11 protocol.

[0304] The receiving module 2110 is used to receive a preamble signal, which is used to indicate the start point and timing of the PDRCH sent by the A-IoT device immediately thereafter. The preamble signal is obtained by mapping a first sequence; wherein the first sequence is pre-configured, configured by the device, or determined by the A-IoT device.

[0305] In some embodiments, the receiving module 2110 is further configured to receive PDRCH.

[0306] In some embodiments, the receiving module 2110 is further configured to receive reference signals such as mid-amble and / or post-amble.

[0307] In some embodiments, the processing module 2130 is used to determine the preamble sequence used by the A-IoT device, and / or the index of the preamble sequence used by the A-IoT device, and / or the length of the preamble sequence used by the A-IoT device, and / or the first preamble set used by the A-IoT device, and / or the K preamble sets used by the A-IoT device.

[0308] In some embodiments, the sending module 2150 is used to send control information. The control information carries one or more of the following indication information: the index of the first sequence; the identifier of the reader; the length of the first sequence; the index of the first preamble set; the index of the second sequence; the initial sequence for generating the first sequence; and the scheduled D2R transmission type.

[0309] In summary, the apparatus provided in this application supports A-IoT devices using binary sequences as preamble sequences, which can reduce the implementation load of A-IoT devices. Furthermore, the preamble sequence can also use different lengths depending on the control information indication or the content transmitted by the PDRCH. The preamble sequence can be configured, pre-configured, or dynamically generated. It also supports selecting or generating the preamble sequence based on control information indication, the ID of the A-IoT device, or random values. The preamble sequence can also be line-coded and then modulated to generate a preamble signal. A-IoT devices can support multiple orthogonal preamble sequences with low complexity and power consumption, thereby reducing interference in the A-IoT system and improving the receiving performance of the PDRCH.

[0310] It should be noted that the apparatus provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the communication device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the apparatus and method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept.

[0311] Figure 22 shows a schematic diagram of a communication device 2200 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application, including at least one of the following: a receiver 2201, a transmitter 2202, a processor 2203, a memory 2204, and a bus (not shown in the figure). The communication device 2200 is used to perform some or all of the steps performed by the reader described above. The receiver 2201 is used to implement the receiving function, and the transmitter 2202 is used to implement the transmitting function.

[0312] In some embodiments, receiver 2201 can be used to implement the functions and steps of receiving module 2110, and transmitter 2202 can be used to implement the functions and steps of sending module 2150.

[0313] Optionally, the receiver 2201 and transmitter 2202 can be implemented as a communication component, which can be a communication chip, and can be referred to as a transceiver. Optionally, the receiver 2201 and transmitter 2202 can be implemented as a wireless communication component and / or a wired communication component. Optionally, the wireless communication component includes a wireless communication chip and / or a radio frequency antenna. Optionally, the wired communication component includes a wired communication chip and / or a wired interface.

[0314] The processor 2203 includes one or more processing cores. The processor 2203 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules. In some embodiments, the processor 2203 can be used to implement the functions and steps of the processing module 2130 described above. The memory 2204 can be used to store computer programs executed by the processor 2203, which executes the computer programs to implement the various steps in the above method embodiments.

[0315] In some embodiments, the memory 2204 may be connected to the processor 2203, the receiver 2201, and the transmitter 2202.

[0316] Furthermore, the memory 2204 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, including but not limited to: magnetic disks or optical disks, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory), magnetic storage, flash memory, and PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory).

[0317] In some embodiments, the receiver 2201 independently receives signals / data, or the processor 2203 controls the receiver 2201 to receive signals / data, or the processor 2203 requests the receiver 2201 to receive signals / data, or the processor 2203 cooperates with the receiver 2201 to receive signals / data.

[0318] In some embodiments, the transmitter 2202 independently transmits signals / data, or the processor 2203 controls the transmitter 2202 to transmit signals / data, or the processor 2203 requests the transmitter 2202 to transmit signals / data, or the processor 2203 cooperates with the transmitter 2202 to transmit signals / data.

[0319] For details not described in this embodiment, please refer to the embodiments above, which will not be repeated here.

[0320] Figure 23 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 2300 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application, including at least one of the following: a receiver 2310, a transmitter 2320, a processor 2330, a memory 2340, and a bus (not shown in the figure). The communication device 2300 can be used to perform some or all of the steps performed by the A-IoT device described above.

[0321] Receiver 2310 is used to implement the receiving function, and transmitter 2320 is used to implement the sending function.

[0322] In some embodiments, receiver 2310 and transmitter 2320 can be implemented as a communication component, which may be a communication chip, and may be referred to as a transceiver. Exemplarily, receiver 2310 and transmitter 2320 are implemented as a wireless communication component. Optionally, the wireless communication component includes a wireless communication chip and / or a radio frequency antenna (not shown in the figure).

[0323] In some embodiments, receiver 2310 can be used to implement the functions and steps of the receiving module 2050 described above. Optionally, receiver 2310 can be implemented as a first receiver 2313 and a second receiver 2315. Optionally, the first receiver 2313 and the second receiver 2315 are two independently operating receivers, that is, receiver 2310 includes two mutually independent first receivers 2313 and second receivers 2315. Optionally, receiver 2310 can be implemented as a combined receiver of the first receiver 2313 and the second receiver 2315.

[0324] In some embodiments, the first receiver 2313 is implemented as a wake-up receiver (WUR), which may also be called a low-power WUR (LP-WUR), an ultra-low-power WUR (ULP-WUR), a low-power receiver, an ultra-low-power receiver, a zero-power receiver, an auxiliary receiver, etc.

[0325] In some embodiments, the second receiver 2315 is implemented as a master receiver or a legacy receiver.

[0326] In some embodiments, transmitter 2320 can be used to implement the functions and steps of the transmitting module 2010 described above. Optionally, transmitter 2320 can be implemented as a first transmitter 2323 and / or a second transmitter 2325. Optionally, the first transmitter 2323 and the second transmitter 2325 are two transmitters that operate independently; that is, transmitter 2320 includes two mutually independent first transmitters 2323 and second transmitters 2325. Optionally, transmitter 2320 can be implemented as a combined transmitter of the first transmitter 2323 and the second transmitter 2325.

[0327] In some embodiments, the first transmitter 2323 is implemented as a backscatter transmitter, and the second transmitter 2325 is implemented as a main transmitter.

[0328] In some embodiments, the processor 2330 and the receiver 2310 may be implemented as a single module, or the processor 2330 may be implemented as part of the receiver 2310.

[0329] The processor 2330 includes one or more processing cores. The processor 2330 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules. In some embodiments, the processor 2330 can be used to implement the functions and steps of the processing module 2030 described above.

[0330] The memory 2340 can be used to store a computer program executed by the processor 2330, which is used to execute the computer program to implement the various steps in the above method embodiments.

[0331] In some embodiments, the memory 2340 may be connected to the processor 2330, the receiver 2310, and the transmitter 2320. Furthermore, the memory 2340 may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, including but not limited to: magnetic disks or optical disks, EEPROM, EPROM, SRAM, ROM, magnetic storage, flash memory, and PROM.

[0332] In some embodiments, the receiver 2310 independently receives signals / data, or the processor 2330 controls the receiver 2310 to receive signals / data, or the processor 2330 requests the receiver 2310 to receive signals / data, or the processor 2330 cooperates with the receiver 2310 to receive signals / data.

[0333] In some embodiments, the transmitter 2320 independently transmits signals / data, or the processor 2330 controls the transmitter 2320 to transmit signals / data, or the processor 2330 requests the transmitter 2320 to transmit signals / data, or the processor 2330 cooperates with the transmitter 2320 to transmit signals / data.

[0334] For details not described in this embodiment, please refer to the embodiments above, which will not be repeated here.

[0335] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, a chip is also provided, the chip including programmable logic circuits and / or program instructions, which, when the chip is run on a communication device, is used to implement the preamble transmission method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0336] In some embodiments, the chip includes a transmitting module 2010. Optionally, the chip further includes a processing module 2030 and / or a receiving module 2050. Optionally, each module can be implemented as a circuit structure. Related details can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0337] In some embodiments, the chip includes a receiving module 2110. Optionally, the chip further includes a processing module 2130 and / or a transmitting module 2150. Optionally, each module can be implemented as a circuit structure. Related details can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0338] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which stores at least one program that is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the preamble transmission method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0339] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, a computer program product is also provided, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor retrieves the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions to implement the preamble transmission method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0340] In one exemplary embodiment of this application, a computer program is also provided, the computer program including computer instructions, the computer instructions being stored in a computer-readable storage medium, a processor retrieving the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executing the computer instructions to implement the preamble transmission method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0341] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk.

[0342] The above are merely optional embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A preamble transmission method, characterized by, The method is performed by an environmental energy Internet of Things A-IoT device, and the method comprises: sending a preamble signal, the preamble signal being used to indicate the start point and timing of a PDRCH transmitted immediately after the preamble signal, the preamble signal being mapped by a first sequence; wherein the first sequence is pre-configured, or configured by a reader, or determined by the A-IoT device.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first sequence is determined by the A-IoT device according to one or more of the following: control information transmitted by the reader; an identifier of the reader; an identifier of the A-IoT device; a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device; and transmission content of the A-IoT device on the PDRCH.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The control information carries one or more of the following indication information: an index of the first sequence; an identifier of the reader; a length of the first sequence; an index of a first preamble set; an index of a second sequence; an initial sequence used to generate the first sequence; and a scheduled D2R transmission type.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first sequence is one of a first preamble set; or the first sequence is generated according to a second sequence, the second sequence being one of the first preamble set; wherein the first preamble set comprises N preamble sequences, N being an integer greater than 1.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The first preamble set is pre-configured, or configured by the reader, or generated by the A-IoT device according to an initial sequence, or determined by the A-IoT device from K configured or pre-configured preamble sets, K being an integer greater than 1.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The first preamble set is determined by the A-IoT device from K configured or pre-configured preamble sets, comprising: the first preamble set being indicated by control information transmitted by the reader, or determined by the A-IoT device according to an identifier of the reader, or determined by the A-IoT device according to an identifier of the A-IoT device, or randomly selected by the A-IoT device.

7. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein: the index of the first preamble set is determined according to the identifier of the reader and a modulo result of K; or the index of the first preamble set is determined according to the identifier of the A-IoT device and a modulo result of K; or the index of the first preamble set is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to K-1.

8. The method of any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein: the index of the first sequence is determined according to the identifier of the reader and a modulo result of N; or the index of the first sequence is determined according to the identifier of the A-IoT device and a modulo result of N; or the index of the first sequence is directly indicated by control information transmitted by the reader; or the index of the first sequence is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to N-1.

9. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that, the first sequence is an extended sequence of the second sequence; and the index of the second sequence is directly indicated by control information transmitted by the reader; or the index of the second sequence is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to M-1. An index of the second sequence is determined according to an identity of the reader and a modulo result of N; or, An index of the second sequence is determined according to an identity of the A-IoT device and a modulo result of N; or, The index of the second sequence is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device in 0 to N-1.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, The first sequence is expanded according to the second sequence and an expansion coefficient; wherein, The expansion coefficient is determined according to an identity of the A-IoT device and a modulo result of M, M being a number of sequences that the second sequence can expand, M being an integer greater than or equal to 1; or, The expansion coefficient is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device in 0 to M-1; or, The expansion coefficient is directly indicated by control information sent by the reader.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The first sequences expanded by different second sequences are orthogonal to each other, and / or the first sequences expanded by different expansion coefficients are orthogonal to each other.

12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that, A length of the second sequence is 8 or 16, and a length of the first sequence expanded is 16 or 32.

13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that, A D2R transmission type scheduled by the control information sent by the reader is contention-based D2R transmission.

14. The method of any one of claims 2 or 6 to 10, wherein, The identity of the A-IoT device includes a temporary ID of the A-IoT device, or an electronic product code (EPC) of the A-IoT device.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, A length of the first sequence is indicated by the control information sent by the reader; or the length of the first sequence is determined according to transmission content of the A-IoT device on the PDRCH.

16. The method of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, The length of the first sequence is fixed or variable.

17. The method of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, The first sequence is a Walsh sequence.

18. The method of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein, The preamble signal is obtained by the first sequence through first modulation; or the preamble signal is obtained by the first sequence through line coding and the first modulation; The first modulation includes at least one of OOK modulation, BPSK modulation, and FSK modulation; and the line coding includes at least one of Manchester coding, FM0 coding, MMS coding, and square wave coding.

19. A preamble transmission method, comprising: The method is performed by a reader, and the method includes: Receiving a preamble signal, the preamble signal being used to indicate a start point and timing of a PDRCH transmitted by an A-IoT device immediately after the preamble signal, the preamble signal being mapped by a first sequence; wherein the first sequence is preconfigured, configured by the reader, or determined by the A-IoT device.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, The first sequence is determined by the A-IoT device according to one or more of the following: control information sent by the reader; an identity of the reader; an identity of the A-IoT device; a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device; and transmission content of the A-IoT device on the PDRCH.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein, The control information carries one or more of the following indication information: an index of the first sequence; an identity of the reader; a length of the first sequence; an index of a first preamble set; an index of a second sequence; an initial sequence used to generate the first sequence; and a scheduled D2R transmission type.

22. The method of any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein, The first sequence is one of the preamble sequences in a first preamble set; or, the first sequence is generated according to a second sequence, and the second sequence is one of the preamble sequences in the first preamble set; wherein the first preamble set includes N preamble sequences, and N is an integer greater than 1.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein, The first preamble set is pre-configured, or configured by the reader, or generated by the A-IoT device according to an initial sequence, or determined by the A-IoT device from K configured or pre-configured preamble sets, and K is an integer greater than 1.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein, The first preamble set determined by the A-IoT device from K configured or pre-configured preamble sets includes that the first preamble set is indicated by control information sent by the reader, or determined by the A-IoT device according to an identifier of the reader, or determined by the A-IoT device according to an identifier of the A-IoT device, or randomly selected by the A-IoT device.

25. The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein, The index of the first preamble set is determined according to the identifier of the reader and a modulo result of K; or, The index of the first preamble set is determined according to the identifier of the A-IoT device and a modulo result of K; or, The index of the first preamble set is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to K-1.

26. The method of any of claims 22 to 25, wherein, The index of the first sequence is determined according to the identifier of the reader and a modulo result of N; or, The index of the first sequence is determined according to the identifier of the A-IoT device and a modulo result of N; or, The index of the first sequence is directly indicated by control information sent by the reader; or, The index of the first sequence is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to N-1.

27. The method of any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein, The first sequence is an extended sequence of the second sequence; and, The index of the second sequence is directly indicated by control information sent by the reader; or, The index of the second sequence is determined according to the identifier of the reader and a modulo result of N; or, The index of the second sequence is determined according to the identifier of the A-IoT device and a modulo result of N; or, The index of the second sequence is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to N-1.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein, The first sequence is extended according to the second sequence and an extension coefficient; wherein, The extension coefficient is determined according to the identifier of the A-IoT device and a modulo result of M, and M is the number of sequences that the second sequence can be extended to, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1; or, The extension coefficient is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to M-1; or, The extension coefficient is directly indicated by control information sent by the reader.

29. The method of claim 27 or 28, wherein, The first sequences extended from different second sequences are orthogonal to each other, and / or, the first sequences extended from different extension coefficients are orthogonal to each other.

30. The method of any one of claims 27 to 29, wherein, The second sequence has a length of 8 or 16, and the first sequence obtained by extension has a length of 16 or 32.

31. The method of any one of claims 27 to 30, wherein, The D2R transmission type scheduled by the control information sent by the reader is a contention-based D2R transmission.

32. The method of any one of claims 20 or 24-28, wherein, The identifier of the A-IoT device includes a temporary ID of the A-IoT device, or an electronic product code (EPC) of the A-IoT device.

33. The method of any one of claims 19 to 32, wherein, The length of the first sequence is indicated by the control information sent by the reader, or determined according to the transmission content of the A-IoT device on the PDRCH.

34. The method of any one of claims 19 to 33, wherein, The length of the first sequence is fixed or variable.

35. The method of any one of claims 19 to 34, wherein, The first sequence is a Walsh sequence.

36. The method of any one of claims 19 to 35, wherein, The preamble signal is obtained by first modulation of the first sequence, or obtained by line coding and the first modulation of the first sequence. The first modulation includes at least one of OOK modulation, BPSK modulation, and FSK modulation; and the line coding includes at least one of Manchester coding, FM0 coding, MMS coding, and square wave coding.

37. A preamble transmission device, characterized in that, The apparatus includes: The sending module is configured to send a preamble signal, the preamble signal being used to indicate a start point and timing of a PDRCH sent immediately after the preamble signal, and the preamble signal being obtained by mapping of a first sequence; wherein the first sequence is preconfigured, configured by a reader, or determined by the apparatus.

38. The device of claim 37, wherein, The apparatus further includes a processing module configured to determine the first sequence according to one or more of the following: control information sent by the reader; an identifier of the reader; an identifier of the apparatus; a random value randomly generated by the apparatus; and transmission content of the apparatus on the PDRCH.

39. The device of claim 38, wherein, The control information carries one or more of the following indication information: an index of the first sequence; an identifier of the reader; a length of the first sequence; an index of a first preamble set; an index of a second sequence; an initial sequence used to generate the first sequence; and a scheduled D2R transmission type.

40. The apparatus of any one of claims 37-39, wherein, The first sequence is one of a first preamble set; or the first sequence is generated according to a second sequence, and the second sequence is one of the first preamble set; wherein the first preamble set includes N preamble sequences, and N is an integer greater than 1.

41. The device of claim 40, wherein, The first preamble set is preconfigured, configured by the reader, generated by the apparatus according to an initial sequence, or determined by the apparatus from K configured or preconfigured preamble sets, and K is an integer greater than 1.

42. The device of claim 41, wherein, The first preamble set determined by the apparatus from K configured or preconfigured preamble sets includes that the first preamble set is indicated by control information sent by the reader, determined by the apparatus according to an identifier of the reader, determined by the apparatus according to an identifier of the apparatus, or randomly selected by the apparatus.

43. The apparatus of claim 41 or 42, wherein The index of the first preamble set is determined according to a modulo result of the identifier of the reader and K; or The index of the first preamble set is determined according to the identification of the device and the modulo result of K; or, The index of the first preamble set is a random value randomly generated by the device in 0 to K-1.

44. The apparatus of any one of claims 40 to 43, characterized in that, The index of the first sequence is determined according to the identification of the reader and the modulo result of N; or, The index of the first sequence is determined according to the identification of the device and the modulo result of N; or, The index of the first sequence is directly indicated by the control information sent by the reader; or, The index of the first sequence is a random value randomly generated by the device in 0 to N-1.

45. The apparatus of any one of claims 40 to 43, wherein, The first sequence is an extended sequence of the second sequence; and, The index of the second sequence is directly indicated by the control information sent by the reader; or, The index of the second sequence is determined according to the identification of the reader and the modulo result of N; or, The index of the second sequence is determined according to the identification of the device and the modulo result of N; or, The index of the second sequence is a random value randomly generated by the device in 0 to N-1.

46. The device of claim 45, wherein, The first sequence is extended according to the second sequence and an extension coefficient; wherein, The extension coefficient is determined according to the identification of the device and the modulo result of M, M being the number of sequences that the second sequence can be extended to, M being an integer greater than or equal to 1; or, The extension coefficient is a random value randomly generated by the device in 0 to M-1; or, The extension coefficient is directly indicated by the control information sent by the reader.

47. The device of claim 45 or 46, wherein, The first sequences extended by different second sequences are orthogonal to each other, and / or, the first sequences extended by different extension coefficients are orthogonal to each other.

48. The apparatus of any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein, The length of the second sequence is 8 or 16, and the length of the first sequence extended is 16 or 32.

49. The apparatus of any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein, The D2R transmission type scheduled by the control information sent by the reader is contention-based D2R transmission.

50. The apparatus of any one of claims 38 or 42-46, wherein, The identification of the device includes: a temporary ID of the device, or an electronic product code (EPC) of the device.

51. The apparatus of any one of claims 37 to 50, wherein, The length of the first sequence is indicated by the control information sent by the reader; or, the length of the first sequence is determined according to the transmission content of the device on the PDRCH.

52. The apparatus of any one of claims 37 to 51, wherein, The length of the first sequence is fixed or variable.

53. The device of any one of claims 37 to 52, wherein, The first sequence is a Walsh sequence.

54. The apparatus of any one of claims 37 to 53, wherein, The preamble signal is obtained by the first sequence through a first modulation; or, the preamble signal is obtained by the first sequence through line coding and the first modulation; The first modulation includes at least one of the following: OOK modulation, BPSK modulation, FSK modulation; the line coding includes at least one of the following: Manchester coding, FM0 coding, MMS coding, square wave coding.

55. A preamble transmission device, characterized in that, The device includes: A receiving module is configured to receive a preamble signal, the preamble signal being used to indicate the start point and timing of a PDRCH transmitted immediately after by an A-IoT device, the preamble signal being mapped by a first sequence; wherein, the first sequence is pre-configured, or configured by the device, or determined by the A-IoT device.

56. The device of claim 55, wherein, The first sequence is determined by the A-IoT device according to one or more of the following: control information sent by the apparatus; an identity of the apparatus; an identity of the A-IoT device; a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device; and transmission content of the A-IoT device on the PDRCH.

57. The device of claim 56, wherein, The control information carries one or more of the following indication information: an index of the first sequence; an identity of the apparatus; a length of the first sequence; an index of a first preamble set; an index of a second sequence; an initial sequence used to generate the first sequence; and a scheduled D2R transmission type.

58. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 57, wherein, The first sequence is one of a first preamble set; or the first sequence is generated according to a second sequence, which is one of the first preamble set; wherein the first preamble set includes N preamble sequences, N being an integer greater than 1.

59. The device of claim 58, wherein, The first preamble set is pre-configured, or configured by the apparatus, or generated by the A-IoT device according to an initial sequence, or determined by the A-IoT device from K configured or pre-configured preamble sets, K being an integer greater than 1.

60. The device of claim 59, wherein, The first preamble set is determined by the A-IoT device from K configured or pre-configured preamble sets, including: the first preamble set is indicated by control information sent by the apparatus, or determined by the A-IoT device according to an identity of the apparatus, or determined by the A-IoT device according to an identity of the A-IoT device, or randomly selected by the A-IoT device.

61. The apparatus of claim 59 or 60, wherein, an index of the first preamble set is determined according to a modulo result of the identity of the apparatus and K; or, an index of the first preamble set is determined according to a modulo result of the identity of the A-IoT device and K; or, an index of the first preamble set is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to K-1.

62. The apparatus of any of claims 58 to 61, wherein, an index of the first sequence is determined according to a modulo result of the identity of the apparatus and N; or, an index of the first sequence is determined according to a modulo result of the identity of the A-IoT device and N; or, an index of the first sequence is directly indicated by control information sent by the apparatus; or, an index of the first sequence is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to N-1.

63. The apparatus of any one of claims 58 to 61, wherein, the first sequence is an extended sequence of the second sequence; and, an index of the second sequence is directly indicated by control information sent by the apparatus; or, an index of the second sequence is determined according to a modulo result of the identity of the apparatus and N; or, an index of the second sequence is determined according to a modulo result of the identity of the A-IoT device and N; or, an index of the second sequence is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device from 0 to N-1.

64. The device of claim 63, wherein, the first sequence is extended according to the second sequence and an extension coefficient; wherein, The extension coefficient is determined according to an identifier of the A-IoT device and a modulo result of M, M being a sequence capable of being extended by the second sequence The number M is an integer greater than or equal to 1; or The extension coefficient is a random value randomly generated by the A-IoT device in 0 to M-1; or The extension coefficient is directly indicated by control information sent by the device.

65. The device of claim 63 or 64, wherein, The first sequences obtained by different second sequences are orthogonal to each other, and / or the first sequences obtained by different extension coefficients are orthogonal to each other.

66. The apparatus of any one of claims 63 to 65, wherein, The length of the second sequence is 8 or 16, and the length of the first sequence obtained by extension is 16 or 32.

67. The apparatus of any one of claims 63 to 66, wherein, The D2R transmission type scheduled by the control information sent by the device is a contention-based D2R transmission.

68. The apparatus of any one of claims 56 or 60-64, wherein, The identifier of the A-IoT device includes a temporary ID of the A-IoT device, or an electronic product code (EPC) of the A-IoT device.

69. The device of any one of claims 55 to 68, wherein, The length of the first sequence is indicated by the control information sent by the device; or the length of the first sequence is determined according to the transmission content of the A-IoT device on the PDRCH.

70. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 69, wherein, The length of the first sequence is fixed or variable.

71. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 70, wherein, The first sequence is a Walsh sequence.

72. The device of any one of claims 55 to 71, wherein, The preamble signal is obtained by the first sequence through a first modulation; or the preamble signal is obtained by the first sequence through line coding and the first modulation The first modulation includes at least one of OOK modulation, BPSK modulation, and FSK modulation; and the line coding includes at least one of Manchester coding, FM0 coding, MMS coding, and square wave coding.

73. A communications device, characterized by The communication device includes a transceiver; and the communication device is configured to perform the preamble transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

74. A communications device, characterized by The communication device includes a processor, a transceiver connected to the processor, and a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; and the processor is configured to load and execute the executable instructions to implement the preamble transmission method according to any one of claims 19 to 36.

75. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising: The computer-readable storage medium stores at least one program, and the at least one program is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the preamble transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, or the preamble transmission method according to any one of claims 19 to 36.

76. A computer program product or computer program, characterised in that, The computer program product or the computer program includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor obtains the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions to implement the preamble transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, or the preamble transmission method according to any one of claims 19 to 36.

77. A chip, comprising: The chip includes programmable logic circuitry and / or at least one program, and the chip is configured to implement the preamble transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, or the preamble transmission method according to any one of claims 19 to 36 based on the programmable logic circuitry and / or the at least one program.

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