Motorway and highway vehicle tracking and management system via dynamic network slicing and cloud-based management

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system (1) for delivering uninterrupted service to vehicles (A) travelling on motorways by providing uninterrupted service quality by use of network slicing feature dynamically.

Description

[0001] MOTORWAY AND HIGHWAY VEHICLE TRACKING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM VIA DYNAMIC NETWORK SLICING AND CLOUD-BASED MANAGEMENT

[0002] Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to a system for delivering uninterrupted service to vehicles travelling on motorways by providing uninterrupted service quality by use of network slicing feature dynamically.

[0004] Background of the Invention

[0005] Today, there are methods and devices provided for reporting quality of service information to user equipment, users and the application server. Statistics of network quality of service and / or quality of service parameters can be analysed by using one or more functions such as a network data analytics function. Control plane functions that can send quality of service information to the user equipment based on the user equipment subscription, application, and / or network slice are provided. However, O-RAN (Open Radio Access Network) architecture, network exposure function (NEF), and the use of external cloud-based services are excluded and there are no xApp and rApp applications that track the positions and movements of vehicles on the motorway.

[0006] Therefore, considering the studies and deficiencies included in the current technique, it is understood that there is a need for a system which enables the vehicles to be tracked, the resources serving the motorway or highway to be tracked and managed, the network slices to be dynamically managed by means of rApps and xApps to be developed by using O-RAN architecture. The Spanish patent document no. ES2976583A1, an application included in the state of the art, discloses a system which provides a predictive network segmentation based on the predicted cross-border movements of user equipment in the 5G network. The said invention discloses a predictive network segmentation of a 5G network for the expected cross-border movement of a user equipment. The said invention includes monitoring the movement of user equipment in a remote 5G network at a national border from a local 5G network and receiving the user equipment of the predictor to cross the expected border towards the local 5G network. The predictive network segmentation then includes calculating an additional load on the local 5G network resulting from the predicted border crossing. The network segmentation of the local 5G network is then modified to accommodate the existing load of the local 5G network increased by the calculated additional load.

[0007] Summary of the Invention

[0008] An object of the present invention is to realize a system which is developed with the aim of delivering uninterrupted service to vehicles travelling on motorways by providing uninterrupted service quality by use of network slicing feature dynamically.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to realize a system which is developed with the aim of tracking vehicles, tracking and managing the resources serving the motorway or highway, and dynamically managing network slices by means of rApps and xApps to be developed by using O-RAN architecture.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to realize a system which is developed with the aim of delivering high-quality service to vehicles along the motorway by managing network slices flexibly and efficiently. Another object of the present invention is to realize a system which is developed with the aim of boosting efficiency by integrating cloud-based information management and transfer.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to realize a system which is developed with the aim of managing resources efficiently by transferring cloud-based data to core network and applications in the O-RAN architecture for instant management, and transferring and saving the tracked data to centralised servers.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to realize a system which is developed with the aim of delivering uninterrupted and high-quality service to vehicles travelling on motorways through the dynamic network slicing feature supported by the O-RAN architecture, and concluding service level agreements (SLAs) without any problem.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to realize a system which is developed with the aim of real-time monitoring of vehicles that enter the motorway through rApps and xApps, and forming a basis for different studies focusing on the generation of value from data.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to realize a system which is developed with the aim of dynamically managing the resources serving motorways and highways, optimising resource utilisation, and boosting network efficiency by means of O-RAN architecture.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to realize a system which is developed with the aim of transferring data to the core network and O-RAN applications quickly and securely through cloud-based information management and transfer, and improving data management and optimisation processes. Another object of the present invention is to realize a system which is developed with the aim of managing data transfer and processing processes at high-security standards by means of security layers and compliance management.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to realize a system which is developed with the aim of identifying anomalies and optimising the performance of the services running on NEF by continuous monitoring of network performance and data traffic through analysis and monitoring modules, and reporting of service status.

[0017] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0018] “A Motorway and Highway Vehicle Tracking and Management System via Dynamic Network Slicing and Cloud-Based Management” realized to fulfd the objectives of the present invention is shown in the figure attached, in which:

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the inventive system.

[0020] The components illustrated in the figure are individually numbered, where the numbers refer to the following:

[0021] 1. System

[0022] 2. Radio Data Management Module

[0023] 3. Distributed Data Management Module

[0024] 4. Central Data Management Module

[0025] 5. Near Real-Time Data Processing Module

[0026] 5.1. Vehicle Tracking Application

[0027] 5.2. Motorway Entrance Application

[0028] 5.3. Motorway Exit Application

[0029] 6. Non-Real-Time Data Processing Module

[0030] 6.1. Network Slice Management Application 6.2. Motorway Data Management Application

[0031] 6.3. Vehicle Prediction Application

[0032] 7. Core Network

[0033] 7.1. Network Slices Selection Function

[0034] 7.2. Access and Mobility Function

[0035] 7.3. Network Exposure Function

[0036] 7.4. Cloud-Based Information Transfer Function

[0037] 7.4.1. Advanced Security Layer Module

[0038] 7.4.2. Data Optimisation Engine

[0039] 7.4.3. Messaging Service Module

[0040] 7.4.4. Analysis and Monitoring Module

[0041] 7.4.5. Regulatory Compliance Management Module

[0042] 8. Cloud-Based Data Management Server

[0043] 8.1. Motorway Data Management Server

[0044] 8.2. Highways Data Management Server

[0045] A. Vehicle

[0046] B. Base Station

[0047] K. Neighbouring Stations

[0048] The inventive system (1) which is developed with the aim of delivering uninterrupted service to vehicles (A) travelling on motorways by uninterrupted service quality by use of network slicing feature dynamically comprises

[0049] - at least one radio data management module (2) which is configured to consist of hardware and software components responsible for managing radio frequencies and processing radio signals; to receive and send radio signals; to process and modulate / demodulate radio signals; to perform physical layer operations; to transmit and receive data packets via radio frequencies; to encode the data before transmission and decode the data after reception; to manage the radio frequencies and adjust the transmission power; process the signals for both downlink and uplink links; to take place in the lowest layer of base stations (B); to function as a bridge; and to be remotely managed and configured; at least one distributed data management module (3) which is configured to manage the distributed computing operations of the radio access network; to process and manage the data transmitted by the radio data management module (2); to manage cellular coverage and capacity management operations; to accelerate the network by performing data caching operations; to prioritise and manage data for meeting the service quality requirements; and to manage connections and communication protocols;

[0050] - at least one centralised data management module (4) which is configured to provide centralised control and management of the radio access network; to control high-level radio sources and route the data; to allocate and manage radio resources; to manage the smooth communication of the mobile devices from one cell to another (handover); to manage user connections and sessions, to establish, maintain, and terminate connections; to route the data correctly and to manage the traffic; to create and manage network slices dynamically for different services; to monitor network performance and optimise it by using analytical tools; and to prioritise and manage data for meeting service quality requirements;

[0051] - at least one near real-time data processing module (5) which is configured to perform near real-time data processing and control operations in O-RAN architecture; to make fast and dynamic decisions for optimising the performance of the network and improving the user experience; to predict and track the vehicle (A) locations and provide the latitude and longitude coordinates of vehicles (A) by using data such as base stations (B), neighbouring stations (K), and signal levels to which vehicles (A) are connected through the vehicle tracking application (5.1) running thereon; to detect when a new vehicle (A) has entered the motorway by using data from base stations (B) serving motorway entry points, to work by using data such as base stations (B), neighbouring stations (K), and signal levels to which vehicles (A) are connected, to transmit this data to the central data management module (4) and the relevant applications when a new vehicle (A) is detected to have entered the motorway through the vehicle tracking application

[0052] (5.2) running thereon; to detect when a vehicle (A) has exited the motorway by analysing signal levels and connection data from base stations (B) serving motorway exit gates, to evaluate the signal levels from the base station (B) and neighbouring stations (K) to which the vehicle (A) is connected through the motorway exit application (5.3) running thereon;

[0053] - at least one non-real-time data processing module (6) which is configured to be used to optimise and plan for the longer term; to perform non-real-time data processing and control operations in O- RAN architecture; dynamically manage network resources, to share resources by taking into account the compliance with service level agreements through the network slice management application (6.1) running thereon; to evaluate the number of vehicles (A) on the motorway, the vehicle (A) locations, and their estimated departure times, and to evaluate the estimated number of new arrivals (A) through the motorway data management application (6.2) running thereon; predict the position, speed, and time that the vehicles (A) will spend on the motorway, to predict the future position of vehicles (A), and to use these predictions in network optimisation through the vehicle prediction application

[0054] (6.3) running thereon; at least one core network (7) which is configured to be the central component of the mobile communication network; to manage all data and signalling traffic; to perform critical functions such as managing user data paths, user authentication, session management, mobility management, and network slicing; and to support the creation and management of different network slices and the provision of various services; to be a component used for the selection and management of network slices in the 5G core network, to dynamically allocate network slices according to different service requirements through the network slice selection function (7.1) running thereon; to be one of the key components of the 5G core network and access the user equipment and manage the mobility of the user equipment, to establish the network connections of users through the access and mobility function (7.2) running thereon; to be a component in the 5G core network that delivers the internal services and data of the network to the outside world in a secure and controlled manner through the network exposure function (7.3) running thereon; to extend the functions provided by the network exposure function (7.3) and provide a higher level of data security, optimisation, and management through the cloud-based information transfer function (7.4) running thereon; to implement advanced security measures such as multifactor authentication, role -based access control, and advanced firewalls through the advanced security layer module (7.4.1) running thereon; to boost the efficiency of data transfer through data compression, deduplication, and data prioritisation through the data optimisation engine (7.4.2) running thereon; to provide reliable and low-latency messaging with protocols such as MQTT and AMQP through the messaging service module (7.4.3) running thereon; to do real-time analyses and constantly monitor data traffic and network performance through the analysis and monitoring module (7.4.4) running thereon; and to ensure compliance of data processing and transfer processes with the regulations through the regulatory compliance management module (7.4.5) running thereon;

[0055] - at least one cloud-based data management server (8) which is configured to be centralised servers used for the storage and management of data recorded through applications in the O-RAN architecture; to store and manage data on vehicles (A) and traffic conditions on motorways via applications in the O-RAN architecture through the motorway data management server (8.1) running thereon; to store and manage the data on the characteristics of highways and to transfer this data to the network, to store and manage the data on the number of toll booths, road length, maintenance works, and number of lanes, to organise, manage, and, when necessary, process the stored data through the highways data management server (8.2) running thereon.

[0056] The radio data management module (2) included in the inventive system (1) is configured to consist of hardware and software components responsible for managing radio frequencies and processing radio signals; to receive and send radio signals; to process and modulate / demodulate radio signals; to perform physical layer operations; to transmit and receive data packets via radio frequencies; to encode the data before transmission and decode the data after reception; to manage the radio frequencies and adjust the transmission power; process the signals for both downlink and uplink links. The radio data management module (2) is configured to take place in the lowest layer of base stations (B); to function as a bridge between the antennas and the distributed data management module (3); and to be remotely managed and configured by the central data management module (4).

[0057] The distributed data management module (3) included in the inventive system (1) is configured to be located between the radio data management module (2) and the centralised data management module (4); to manage the distributed computing operations of the radio access network; to process and manage the data transmitted by the radio data management module (2); to manage cellular coverage and capacity management operations; to accelerate the network by performing data caching operations; to prioritise and manage data for meeting the service quality requirements; and to manage connections and communication protocols between the radio data management module (2) and the central data management module (4).

[0058] The central data management module (4) included in the inventive system (1) is configured to provide centralised control and management of the radio access network; to control high-level radio sources and route the data; to allocate and manage radio resources; to manage the smooth communication of the mobile devices from one cell to another (handover); to manage user connections and sessions, to establish, maintain, and terminate connections; to route the data correctly and to manage the traffic; to create and manage network slices dynamically for different services; to monitor network performance and optimise it using analytical tools; and to prioritise and manage data for meeting service quality requirements.

[0059] The near real-time data processing module (5) included in the inventive system (1) is configured to perform near real-time data processing and control operations in O-RAN architecture; to optimise the performance of the network; and to make fast and dynamic decisions for optimising the performance of the network and improving the user experience. The vehicle tracking application (5.1) running on the near real-time data processing module (5) is configured to predict and track the location of vehicles (A); and provide the latitude and longitude coordinates of vehicles (A) by using data such as base stations (B), neighbouring stations (K), and signal levels to which vehicles (A) are connected; to match the vehicle (A) with the base station (B); to monitor the position of vehicles (A) in real-time and transmit this data to the relevant units; and to combine and analyse data streams from different sources. The motorway entrance application (5.2) running on the near real-time data processing module (5) is configured to detect when a new vehicle (A) has entered the motorway by using data from base stations (B) serving motorway entry points; to work using data such as base stations (B), neighbouring stations (K), and signal levels to which vehicles (A) are connected; to transmit this data to the central data management module (4) and the relevant applications when a new vehicle (A) is detected to have entered the motorway; and to implement the necessary management procedures to maintain the quality and continuity of the connection of the vehicles (A) that have entered the motorway. The motorway exit application (5.3) running on the near real-time data processing module (5) is configured to detect when a vehicle (A) has exited the motorway by analysing signal levels and connection data from base stations (B) serving motorway exit gates; to evaluate the signal levels from the base station (B) and neighbouring stations (K) to which the vehicle (A) is connected; to transmit this data to the central data management module (4) and the relevant applications when a new vehicle (A) is detected to have entered the motorway; to disconnect the vehicles (A) that have exited the motorway safely.

[0060] The non-real-time data processing module (6) included in the inventive system (1) is configured to be used to optimise and plan for the longer term; and to perform non-real-time data processing and control operations in O-RAN architecture. The network slice management application (6.1) running on the non-real-time data processing module (6) is configured to dynamically manage network resources; to share resources, taking into account the compliance with service level agreements; to dynamically manage network resources, collaborating with the highway data management application (6.2) and the vehicle prediction application (6.3); to make the necessary requests for the dynamic creation and management of network slices according to different services and user requirements; to allocate and manage network resources in accordance with service level agreements; to optimize resources to ensure efficient use of network resources; to plan capacity according to future traffic demand and to adjust as necessary. The highway data management application (6.2) running on a non-real-time data processing module (6) is configured to evaluate the number of vehicles (A) on the motorway, the vehicle (A) locations, and their estimated departure times, and to evaluate the estimated number of new arrivals (A); to store data such as the length of the highway, the location of toll plazas, etc. for use in calculations according to the data received from the cloud-based data management server (8) or, if necessary, to request them from the cloud-based data management server (8) via the core network (7); to determine the estimated number of new vehicles (A) that will enter the motorway and use this data to optimize traffic management; and to integrate and analyse data from a cloud-based data management server (8). The vehicle prediction application (6.3) running on the non-real-time data processing module (6) is configured to predict the position, speed, and time that the vehicles (A) will spend on the motorway; to predict the future locations of vehicles (A), and to use these predictions in network optimisation; to predict the speed of vehicles (A) and use this data to improve traffic flow; to predict the time that vehicles (A) will spend on the motorway and use this data for the management and optimization of the motorway; to make predictions by using historical data and real-time data; and to use these predictions to manage traffic and plan resources.

[0061] The core network (7) included in the inventive system (1) is configured to be the central component of the mobile communication network; to manage all data and signalling traffic; to perform critical functions such as managing user data paths, user authentication, session management, mobility management and network slicing; to support the creation and management of different network slices and the provision of various services. The network slice selection function (7.1) running on the core network (7) is configured to be a component used for the selection and management of network slices in the 5G core network; to dynamically allocate network slices according to different service requirements. The access and mobility function (7.2) running on the core network (7) is configured to be one of the key components of the 5G core network and access the user equipment and manage the mobility of the user equipment; to establish and maintain network connections for users, and to disconnect them. The network exposure function (7.3) running on the core network (7) is configured to be a component in the 5G core network that provides the internal services and data of the network to the outside world (third-party applications, service providers, etc.) in a secure and controlled manner; to make these services available to the outside world through application programming interfaces; and to manage security and policy compliance in this process. The cloud-based data transfer function (7.4) running on the core network (7) is configured to extend the functions provided by the network exposure function (7.3) and provide a higher level of data security, optimisation, and management; to manage and optimize data transfer between the cloud-based data management server (8) and the core network (7); to implement advanced security measures such as multi-factor authentication, role-based access control, and advanced firewalls through the advanced security layer module (7.4.1) running thereon, to improve the security of data transfer with this module and protect it more strongly against potential threats; to boost the efficiency of data transfer through data compression, deduplication, and data prioritisation through the data optimisation engine (7.4.2) running thereon, to ensure more efficient use of network resources and accelerate data transfer speed with this module; to provide reliable and low-latency messaging with protocols such as MQTT and AMQP through the messaging service module (7.4.3) running thereon, to maintain uninterrupted and fast communication between the cloudbased data management server (8) and the core network (7) with this module; to do real-time analyses and constantly monitor data traffic and network performance through the analysis and monitoring module (7.4.4) running thereon, to use machine learning algorithms for identifying anomalies and optimising the performance of the services and managing the network proactively; and to ensure compliance of data processing and transfer processes with the regulations through the regulatory compliance management module (7.4.5) running thereon, and thereby, to ensure that data has gone through regulatory and compliance processes before it leaves the network. The cloud-based data management server (8) included in the inventive system (1) is configured to be the central server used to store and manage the information recorded through the applications in the O-RAN architecture, and to store, process and provide data related to motorways and highways to the relevant network components. The motorway data management server (8.1) running on a cloudbased data management server (8) is configured to store and manage data on vehicles (A) and traffic conditions on motorways via applications in the O-RAN architecture; to store and process critical data such as vehicle (A) locations on the motorway, number of vehicles (A), entry and exit times of vehicle (A), number of vehicles (A) on the motorway; to manage and organize the stored data, and to process and analyse these data when necessary; to receive and process data from these components by working integrated with the near real-time data processing module (5) and the non-real-time data processing module (6) in the O-RAN architecture; to update data on the location and movement of vehicles (A) in realtime, generate reports on highway traffic and vehicle (A) movements and send them to the relevant management units. The highway data management server (8.2) running on a cloud-based data management server (8. 2) is configured to store and manage the data on the characteristics of highways and to transfer this data to the network, to store and manage the data on the number of toll booths, road length, maintenance works, and number of lanes, to organise, manage, and, when necessary, process the stored data; to share information about highways by integrating with O-RAN architecture and core network (7); to provide up-to-date data on the state of the highways; to transmit this data to the relevant components on the network; and to produce reports on the condition and characteristics of highways and send them to the relevant management units.

[0062] Industrial Application of the Invention

[0063] The inventive system (1) enables the vehicles (A) to be tracked, the resources serving the motorway or highway to be tracked and managed, the network slices to be dynamically managed by means of applications to be developed by using O- RAN architecture.

[0064] Within these basic concepts; it is possible to develop various embodiments of the inventive “A Motorway and Highway Vehicle Tracking and Management System

[0065] (1) via Dynamic Network Slicing and Cloud-Based Management”; the invention cannot be limited to examples disclosed herein and it is essentially according to claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A system (1) which is developed with the aim of delivering uninterrupted service to vehicles (A) travelling on motorways by uninterrupted service quality by use of network slicing feature dynamically; comprising- at least one radio data management module (2) which is configured to consist of hardware and software components responsible for managing radio frequencies and processing radio signals; to receive and send radio signals; to process and modulate / demodulate radio signals; to perform physical layer operations; to transmit and receive data packets via radio frequencies; to encode the data before transmission and decode the data after reception; to manage the radio frequencies and adjust the transmission power; process the signals for both downlink and uplink links; to take place in the lowest layer of base stations (B); to function as a bridge; and to be remotely managed and configured; at least one distributed data management module (3) which is configured to manage the distributed computing operations of the radio access network; to process and manage the data transmitted by the radio data management module (2); to manage cellular coverage and capacity management operations; to accelerate the network by performing data caching operations; to prioritise and manage data for meeting the service quality requirements; and to manage connections and communication protocols; at least one centralised data management module (4) which is configured to provide centralised control and management of the radio access network; to control high-level radio sources and route the data; to allocate and manage radio resources; to manage the smooth communication of the mobile devices from one cell to another (handover); to manage user connections and sessions, toestablish, maintain, and terminate connections; to route the data correctly and to manage the traffic; to create and manage network slices dynamically for different services; to monitor network performance and optimise it by using analytical tools; and to prioritise and manage data for meeting service quality requirements; and characterized by- at least one near real-time data processing module (5) which is configured to perform near real-time data processing and control operations in O-RAN architecture; to make fast and dynamic decisions for optimising the performance of the network and improving the user experience; to predict and track the vehicle (A) locations and provide the latitude and longitude coordinates of vehicles (A) by using data such as base stations (B), neighbouring stations (K), and signal levels to which vehicles (A) are connected through the vehicle tracking application (5.1) running thereon; to detect when a new vehicle (A) has entered the motorway by using data from base stations (B) serving motorway entry points, to work by using data such as base stations (B), neighbouring stations (K), and signal levels to which vehicles (A) are connected, to transmit this data to the central data management module (4) and the relevant applications when a new vehicle (A) is detected to have entered the motorway through the vehicle tracking application (5.2) running thereon; to detect when a vehicle (A) has exited the motorway by analysing signal levels and connection data from base stations (B) serving motorway exit gates, to evaluate the signal levels from the base station (B) and neighbouring stations (K) to which the vehicle (A) is connected through the motorway exit application (5.3) running thereon;- at least one non-real-time data processing module (6) which is configured to be used to optimise and plan for the longer term; toperform non-real-time data processing and control operations in O- RAN architecture; dynamically manage network resources, to share resources by taking into account the compliance with service level agreements through the network slice management application (6.1) running thereon; to evaluate the number of vehicles (A) on the motorway, the vehicle (A) locations, and their estimated departure times, and to evaluate the estimated number of new arrivals (A) through the motorway data management application (6.2) running thereon; predict the position, speed, and time that the vehicles (A) will spend on the motorway, to predict the future position of vehicles (A), and to use these predictions in network optimisation through the vehicle prediction application (6.3) running thereon; at least one core network (7) which is configured to be the central component of the mobile communication network; to manage all data and signalling traffic; to perform critical functions such as managing user data paths, user authentication, session management, mobility management, and network slicing; and to support the creation and management of different network slices and the provision of various services; to be a component used for the selection and management of network slices in the 5G core network, to dynamically allocate network slices according to different service requirements through the network slice selection function (7.1) running thereon; to be one of the key components of the 5G core network and access the user equipment and manage the mobility of the user equipment, to establish the network connections of users through the access and mobility function (7.2) running thereon; to be a component in the 5G core network that delivers the internal services and data of the network to the outside world in a secure and controlled manner through the network exposure function (7.3) running thereon; to extend the functionsprovided by the network exposure function (7.3) and provide a higher level of data security, optimisation, and management through the cloud-based information transfer function (7.4) running thereon; to implement advanced security measures such as multifactor authentication, role -based access control, and advanced firewalls through the advanced security layer module (7.4.1) running thereon; to boost the efficiency of data transfer through data compression, deduplication, and data prioritisation through the data optimisation engine (7.4.2) running thereon; to provide reliable and low-latency messaging with protocols such as MQTT and AMQP through the messaging service module (7.4.3) running thereon; to do real-time analyses and constantly monitor data traffic and network performance through the analysis and monitoring module (7.4.4) running thereon; and to ensure compliance of data processing and transfer processes with the regulations through the regulatory compliance management module (7.4.5) running thereon;- at least one cloud-based data management server (8) which is configured to be centralised servers used for the storage and management of data recorded through applications in the O-RAN architecture; to store and manage data on vehicles (A) and traffic conditions on motorways via applications in the O-RAN architecture through the motorway data management server (8.1) running thereon; to store and manage the data on the characteristics of highways and to transfer this data to the network, to store and manage the data on the number of toll booths, road length, maintenance works, and number of lanes, to organise, manage, and, when necessary, process the stored data through the highways data management server (8.2) running thereon.

2. A system (1) according to Claim 1; characterized by the radio data management module (2) which is configured to consist of hardware and software components responsible for managing radio frequencies and processing radio signals; to receive and send radio signals; to process and modulate / demodulate radio signals; to perform physical layer operations; to transmit and receive data packets via radio frequencies; to encode the data before transmission and decode the data after reception; to manage the radio frequencies and adjust the transmission power; process the signals for both downlink and uplink links.

3. A system (1) according to Claim 1 or 2; characterized by the radio data management module (2) which is configured to take place in the lowest layer of base stations (B); to function as a bridge between the antennas and the distributed data management module (3); and to be remotely managed and configured by the central data management module (4).

4. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the distributed data management module (3) which is configured to be located between the radio data management module (2) and the centralised data management module (4); to manage the distributed computing operations of the radio access network; to process and manage the data transmitted by the radio data management module (2); to manage cellular coverage and capacity management operations; to accelerate the network by performing data caching operations; to prioritise and manage data for meeting the service quality requirements; and to manage connections and communication protocols between the radio data management module (2) and the central data management module (4).

5. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the central data management module (4) which is configured to provide centralised control and management of the radio access network; to controlhigh-level radio sources and route the data; to allocate and manage radio resources; to manage the smooth communication of the mobile devices from one cell to another (handover); to manage user connections and sessions, to establish, maintain, and terminate connections; to route the data correctly and to manage the traffic; to create and manage network slices dynamically for different services; to monitor network performance and optimise it using analytical tools; and to prioritise and manage data for meeting service quality requirements.

6. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the near real-time data processing module (5) which is configured to perform near real-time data processing and control operations in O-RAN architecture; to optimise the performance of the network; and to make fast and dynamic decisions for optimising the performance of the network and improving the user experience.

7. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the near real-time data processing module (5) which is configured to predict and track the location of vehicles (A); and provide the latitude and longitude coordinates of vehicles (A) by using data such as base stations (B), neighbouring stations (K), and signal levels to which vehicles (A) are connected; to match the vehicle (A) with the base station (B); to monitor the position of vehicles (A) in real-time and transmit this data to the relevant units; and to combine and analyse data streams from different sources, by means of the vehicle tracking application (5.1) running on itself.

8. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the near real-time data processing module (5) which is configured to detect when a new vehicle (A) has entered the motorway by using data from base stations (B) serving motorway entry points; to work using datasuch as base stations (B), neighbouring stations (K), and signal levels to which vehicles (A) are connected; to transmit this data to the central data management module (4) and the relevant applications when a new vehicle (A) is detected to have entered the motorway; and to implement the necessary management procedures to maintain the quality and continuity of the connection of the vehicles (A) that have entered the motorway, by means of the motorway entrance application (5.2) running on itself.

9. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the near real-time data processing module (5) which is configured to detect when a vehicle (A) has exited the motorway by analysing signal levels and connection data from base stations (B) serving motorway exit gates; to evaluate the signal levels from the base station (B) and neighbouring stations (K) to which the vehicle (A) is connected; to transmit this data to the central data management module (4) and the relevant applications when a new vehicle (A) is detected to have entered the motorway; to disconnect the vehicles (A) that have exited the motorway safely, by means of the motorway exit application (5.3) running on itself.

10. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the non-real-time data processing module (6) which is configured to be used to optimise and plan for the longer term; and to perform non-real- time data processing and control operations in O-RAN architecture.

11. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the non-real-time data processing module (6) which is configured to dynamically manage network resources; to share resources, taking into account the compliance with service level agreements; to dynamically manage network resources, collaborating with the highway data management application (6.2) and the vehicle prediction application (6.3);to make the necessary requests for the dynamic creation and management of network slices according to different services and user requirements; to allocate and manage network resources in accordance with service level agreements; to optimize resources to ensure efficient use of network resources; to plan capacity according to future traffic demand and to adjust as necessary, by means of the network slice management application (6.1) running on itself.

12. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the non-real-time data processing module (6) which is configured to to evaluate the number of vehicles (A) on the motorway, the vehicle (A) locations, and their estimated departure times, and to evaluate the estimated number of new arrivals (A); to store data such as the length of the highway, the location of toll plazas, etc. for use in calculations according to the data received from the cloud-based data management server (8) or, if necessary, to request them from the cloud-based data management server (8) via the core network (7); to determine the estimated number of new vehicles (A) that will enter the motorway and use this data to optimize traffic management; and to integrate and analyse data from a cloud-based data management server (8), by means of the highway data management application (6.2) running on itself.

13. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the non-real-time data processing module (6) which is configured to predict the position, speed, and time that the vehicles (A) will spend on the motorway; to predict the future locations of vehicles (A), and to use these predictions in network optimisation; to predict the speed of vehicles (A) and use this data to improve traffic flow; to predict the time that vehicles (A) will spend on the motorway and use this data for the management and optimization of the motorway; to make predictions by using historical data and real-time data; and to use these predictions to manage traffic and planresources, by means of the vehicle prediction application (6.3) running on itself.

14. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the core network (7) which is configured to be the central component of the mobile communication network; to manage all data and signalling traffic; to perform critical functions such as managing user data paths, user authentication, session management, mobility management and network slicing; to support the creation and management of different network slices and the provision of various services.

15. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the core network (7) which is configured to be a component used for the selection and management of network slices in the 5G core network; to dynamically allocate network slices according to different service requirements, by means of the network slice selection function (7.1) running on itself.

16. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the core network (7) which is configured to be one of the key components of the 5G core network and access the user equipment and manage the mobility of the user equipment; to establish and maintain network connections for users, and to disconnect them, by means of the access and mobility function (7.2) running on itself.

17. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the core network (7) which is configured to be a component in the 5G core network that provides the internal services and data of the network to the outside world (third-party applications, service providers, etc.) in a secure and controlled manner; to make these services available to the outside world through application programming interfaces; and to managesecurity and policy compliance in this process, by means of the network exposure function (7.3) running on itself.

18. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the core network (7) which is configured to extend the functions provided by the network exposure function (7.3) and provide a higher level of data security, optimisation, and management; to manage and optimize data transfer between the cloud-based data management server (8) and the core network (7); to implement advanced security measures such as multi-factor authentication, role-based access control, and advanced firewalls through the advanced security layer module (7.4.1) running thereon, to improve the security of data transfer with this module and protect it more strongly against potential threats; to boost the efficiency of data transfer through data compression, deduplication, and data prioritisation through the data optimisation engine (7.4.2) running thereon, to ensure more efficient use of network resources and accelerate data transfer speed with this module; to provide reliable and low-latency messaging with protocols such as MQTT and AMQP through the messaging service module (7.4.3) running thereon, to maintain uninterrupted and fast communication between the cloud-based data management server (8) and the core network (7) with this module; to do real-time analyses and constantly monitor data traffic and network performance through the analysis and monitoring module (7.4.4) running thereon, to use machine learning algorithms for identifying anomalies and optimising the performance of the services and managing the network proactively; and to ensure compliance of data processing and transfer processes with the regulations through the regulatory compliance management module (7.4.5) running thereon, and thereby, to ensure that data has gone through regulatory and compliance processes before it leaves the network, by means of the cloud-based data transfer function (7.4) running on itself.

19. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the cloud-based data management server (8) which is configured to be the central server used to store and manage the information recorded through the applications in the O-RAN architecture, and to store, process and provide data related to motorways and highways to the relevant network components.

20. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the cloud-based data management server (8) which is configured to store and manage data on vehicles (A) and traffic conditions on motorways via applications in the O-RAN architecture; to store and process critical data such as vehicle (A) locations on the motorway, number of vehicles (A), entry and exit times of vehicle (A), number of vehicles (A) on the motorway; to manage and organize the stored data, and to process and analyse these data when necessary; to receive and process data from these components by working integrated with the near real-time data processing module (5) and the non-real-time data processing module (6) in the O-RAN architecture; to update data on the location and movement of vehicles (A) in real-time, generate reports on highway traffic and vehicle (A) movements and send them to the relevant management units, by means of the motorway data management server (8.1) running on itself.

21. A system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims; characterized by the cloud-based data management server (8) which is configured to store and manage the data on the characteristics of highways and to transfer this data to the network, to store and manage the data on the number of toll booths, road length, maintenance works, and number of lanes, to organise, manage, and, when necessary, process the stored data; to share information about highways by integrating with O-RANarchitecture and core network (7); to provide up-to-date data on the state of the highways; to transmit this data to the relevant components on the network; and to produce reports on the condition and characteristics of highways and send them to the relevant management units, by means of the highway data management server (8.2) running on itself.

Images