Signaling of subband full duplex information for neighbor cell measurements

Abstract

A method is provided. The method comprises transmitting, by a wireless device and to a node a first measurement on a first reference signal (RS) in first frequency resources. The first frequency resources are based on a reference subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration. The method further comprises transmitting a second measurement on a second RS in second frequency resources. The second frequency resources are based on the reference SBFD configuration.

Description

Docket No.: 24-1246PCTTITLESignaling of Subbanci Full Duplex Information for Neighbor Cell Measurements CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 717,550, filed November 7, 2024, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] Examples of several of the various embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings.

[0003] FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B illustrate example mobile communication networks in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

[0004] FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B respectively illustrate a New Radio (NR) user plane and control plane protocol stack.

[0005] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of services provided between protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack of FIG. 2A.

[0006] FIG. 4A illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack of FIG. 2A.

[0007] FIG. 4B illustrates an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU.

[0008] FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B respectively illustrate a mapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels for the downlink and uplink.

[0009] FIG. 6 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE.

[0010] FIG. 7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame into which OFDM symbols are grouped.

[0011] FIG. 8 illustrates an example configuration of a slot in the time and frequency domain for an NR carrier.

[0012] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs for an NR carrier.

[0013] FIG. 10A illustrates three carrier aggregation configurations with two component carriers.

[0014] FIG. 10B illustrates an example of how aggregated cells may be configured into one or morePUCCH groups.

[0015] FIG. 11A illustrates an example of an SS / PBCH block structure and location.

[0016] FIG. 11 B illustrates an example of CSI-RSs that are mapped in the time and frequency domains.

[0017] FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B respectively illustrate examples of three downlink and uplink beam management procedures.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0018] FIG. 13A, FIG. 13B, and FIG. 13C respectively illustrate a four-step contention-based random access procedure, a two-step contention-free random access procedure, and another two-step random access procedure.

[0019] FIG. 14A illustrates an example of CORESET configurations for a bandwidth part.

[0020] FIG. 14B illustrates an example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing.

[0021] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless device in communication with a base station.

[0022] FIG. 16A, FIG. 16B, FIG. 16C, and FIG. 16D illustrate example structures for uplink and downlink transmission.

[0023] FIG. 17 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure

[0024] FIG. 18 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 19 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 20 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 21 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 22 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure

[0029] FIG. 23 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 24 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 25 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In the present disclosure, various embodiments are presented as examples of how the disclosed techniques may be implemented and / or how the disclosed techniques may be practiced in environments and scenarios. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the scope. In fact, after reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art how to implement alternative embodiments. The present embodiments should not be limited by any of the described exemplary embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Limitations, features, and / or elements from the disclosed example embodiments may be combined to create further embodiments within the scope of the disclosure. Any figures which highlight the functionality and advantages, are presented for example purposes only. The disclosed architecture is sufficiently flexible and configurable, such that it may be utilized in ways other than that shown. For example, the actions listed in any flowchart may be re-ordered or only optionally used in some embodiments.

[0033] Embodiments may be configured to operate as needed. The disclosed mechanism may be performed when certain criteria are met, for example, in a wireless device, a base station, a radio environment, a network, a combination of the above, and / or the like. Example criteria may be based, atDocket No.: 24-1246PCT least in part, on for example, wireless device or network node configurations, traffic load, initial system set up, packet sizes, traffic characteristics, a combination of the above, and / or the like. When the one or more criteria are met, various example embodiments may be applied. Therefore, it may be possible to implement example embodiments that selectively implement disclosed protocols.

[0034] A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. Wireless devices and / or base stations may support multiple technologies, and / or multiple releases of the same technology. Wireless devices may have some specific capability(ies) depending on wireless device category and / or capability(ies). When this disclosure refers to a base station communicating with a plurality of wireless devices, this disclosure may refer to a subset of the total wireless devices in a coverage area. This disclosure may refer to, for example, a plurality of wireless devices of a given LTE or 5G release with a given capability and in a given sector of the base station. The plurality of wireless devices in this disclosure may refer to a selected plurality of wireless devices, and / or a subset of total wireless devices in a coverage area which perform according to disclosed methods, and / or the like. There may be a plurality of base stations or a plurality of wireless devices in a coverage area that may not comply with the disclosed methods, for example, those wireless devices or base stations may perform based on older releases of LTE or 5G technology.

[0035] In this disclosure, “a” and “an” and similar phrases are to be interpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” Similarly, any term that ends with the suffix “(s)” is to be interpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” In this disclosure, the term “may” is to be interpreted as “may, for example.” In other words, the term “may” is indicative that the phrase following the term “may” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed by one or more of the various embodiments. The terms “comprises” and “consists of’, as used herein, enumerate one or more components of the element being described. The term “comprises” is interchangeable with “includes" and does not exclude unenumerated components from being included in the element being described. By contrast, “consists of’ provides a complete enumeration of the one or more components of the element being described. The term “based on”, as used herein, should be interpreted as “based at least in part on” rather than, for example, “based solely on”. The term “and / or” as used herein represents any possible combination of enumerated elements. For example, “A, B, and / or C” may represent A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C.

[0036] If A and B are sets and every element of A is an element of B, A is called a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets and subsets are considered. For example, possible subsets of B = {cell 1 , cell2} are: {celH }, {cell2}, and {celH , cell2}. The phrase “based on” (or equally “based at least on") is indicative that the phrase following the term “based on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “in response to” (or equally “in response at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “inDocket No.: 24-1246PCT response to” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase "depending on” (or equally "depending at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “depending on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “employing / using” (or equally “employing / using at least”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase "employing / using” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.

[0037] The term configured may relate to the capacity of a device whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state. Configured may refer to specific settings in a device that affect or implement the operational characteristics of the device whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state. In other words, the hardware, software, firmware, registers, memory values, and / or the like may be “configured” within a device, whether the device is in an operational or nonoperational state, to provide the device with specific characteristics. Terms such as “a control message to cause in a device” may mean that a control message has parameters that may be used to configure specific characteristics or may be used to implement certain actions in the device, whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state.

[0038] In this disclosure, parameters (or equally called, fields, or Information elements: lEs) may comprise one or more information objects, and an information object may comprise one or more other objects. For example, if parameter (IE) N comprises parameter (IE) M, and parameter (IE) M comprises parameter (IE) K, and parameter (IE) K comprises parameter (information element) J. Then, for example, N comprises K, and N comprises J. In an example embodiment, when one or more messages comprise a plurality of parameters, it implies that a parameter in the plurality of parameters is in at least one of the one or more messages, but does not have to be in each of the one or more messages.

[0039] Many features presented are described as being optional through the use of “may” or the use of parentheses For the sake of brevity and legibility, the present disclosure does not explicitly recite each and every permutation that may be obtained by choosing from the set of optional features. The present disclosure is to be interpreted as explicitly disclosing all such permutations. For example, a system described as having three optional features may be embodied in seven ways, namely with just one of the three possible features, with any two of the three possible features or with three of the three possible features.

[0040] Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments may be implemented as modules. A module is defined here as an element that performs a defined function and has a defined interface to other elements. The modules described in this disclosure may be implemented in hardware, software in combination with hardware, firmware, wetware (e.g., hardware with a biological element) or a combination thereof, which may be behaviorally equivalent. For example, modules may be implemented as a softwareDocket No.: 24-1246PCT routine written in a computer language configured to be executed by a hardware machine (such as C, C++, Fortran, Java, Basic, MATLAB or the like) or a modeling / simulation program such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVIEWMathScript. It may be possible to implement modules using physical hardware that incorporates discrete or programmable analog, digital and / or quantum hardware. Examples of programmable hardware comprise: computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs); field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollers and microprocessors are programmed using languages such as assembly, C, C++ or the like. FPGAs, ASICs and CPLDs are often programmed using hardware description languages (HDL) such as VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) or Verilog that configure connections between internal hardware modules with lesser functionality on a programmable device. The mentioned technologies are often used in combination to achieve the result of a functional module.

[0041] FIG. 1 A illustrates an example of a mobile communication network 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The mobile communication network 100 may be, for example, a public land mobile network (PLMN) run by a network operator. As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the mobile communication network 100 includes a core network (CN) 102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and a wireless device 106.

[0042] The CN 102 may provide the wireless device 106 with an interface to one or more data networks (DNs), such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and / or intra-operator DNs As part of the interface functionality, the CN 102 may set up end-to-end connections between the wireless device 106 and the one or more DNs, authenticate the wireless device 106, and provide charging functionality.

[0043] The RAN 104 may connect the CN 102 to the wireless device 106 through radio communications over an air interface. As part of the radio communications, the RAN 104 may provide scheduling, radio resource management, and retransmission protocols. The communication direction from the RAN 104 to the wireless device 106 over the air interface is known as the downlink and the communication direction from the wireless device 106 to the RAN 104 over the air interface is known as the uplink. Downlink transmissions may be separated from uplink transmissions using frequency division duplexing (FDD), timedivision duplexing (TDD), and / or some combination of the two duplexing techniques.

[0044] The term wireless device may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to and encompass any mobile device or fixed (non-mobile) device for which wireless communication is needed or usable. For example, a wireless device may be a telephone, smart phone, tablet, computer, laptop, sensor, meter, wearable device, Internet of Things (loT) device, vehicle roadside unit (RSU), relay node, automobile, and / or any combination thereof. The term wireless device encompasses other terminology, including userDocket No.: 24-1246PCT equipment (UE), user terminal (UT), access terminal (AT), mobile station, handset, wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU), and / or wireless communication device.

[0045] The RAN 104 may include one or more base stations (not shown). The term base station may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to and encompass a Node B (associated with UMTS and / or 3G standards), an Evolved Node B (eNB, associated with E-UTRA and / or 4G standards), a remote radio head (RRH), a baseband processing unit coupled to one or more RRHs, a repeater node or relay node used to extend the coverage area of a donor node, a Next Generation Evolved Node B (ng-eNB), a Generation Node B (gNB, associated with NR and / or 5G standards), an access point (AP, associated with, for example, Wi-Fi or any other suitable wireless communication standard), and / or any combination thereof. A base station may comprise at least one gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) and at least one a gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU).

[0046] A base station included in the RAN 104 may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the wireless device 106 over the air interface. For example, one or more of the base stations may include three sets of antennas to respectively control three cells (or sectors). The size of a cell may be determined by a range at which a receiver (e.g., a base station receiver) can successfully receive the transmissions from a transmitter (e.g., a wireless device transmitter) operating in the cell. Together, the cells of the base stations may provide radio coverage to the wireless device 106 over a wide geographic area to support wireless device mobility.

[0047] In addition to three-sector sites, other implementations of base stations are possible. For example, one or more of the base stations in the RAN 104 may be implemented as a sectored site with more or less than three sectors. One or more of the base stations in the RAN 104 may be implemented as an access point, as a baseband processing unit coupled to several remote radio heads (RRHs), and / or as a repeater or relay node used to extend the coverage area of a donor node. A baseband processing unit coupled to RRHs may be part of a centralized or cloud RAN architecture, where the baseband processing unit may be either centralized in a pool of baseband processing units or virtualized. A repeater node may amplify and rebroadcast a radio signal received from a donor node. A relay node may perform the same / similar functions as a repeater node but may decode the radio signal received from the donor node to remove noise before amplifying and rebroadcasting the radio signal.

[0048] The RAN 104 may be deployed as a homogenous network of macrocell base stations that have similar antenna patterns and similar high-level transmit powers. The RAN 104 may be deployed as a heterogeneous network. In heterogeneous networks, small cell base stations may be used to provide small coverage areas, for example, coverage areas that overlap with the comparatively larger coverage areas provided by macrocell base stations The small coverage areas may be provided in areas with high data traffic (or so-called “hotspots”) or in areas with weak macrocell coverage. Examples of small cell baseDocket No.: 24-1246PCT stations include, in order of decreasing coverage area, microcell base stations, picocell base stations, and femtocell base stations or home base stations.

[0049] The Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed in 1998 to provide global standardization of specifications for mobile communication networks similar to the mobile communication network 100 in FIG. 1 A. To date, 3GPP has produced specifications for three generations of mobile networks: a third generation (3G) network known as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a fourth generation (4G) network known as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and a fifth generation (5G) network known as 5G System (5GS). Embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to the RAN of a 3GPP 5G network, referred to as next-generation RAN (NG-RAN). Embodiments may be applicable to RANs of other mobile communication networks, such as the RAN 104 in FIG. 1A, the RANs of earlier 3G and 4G networks, and those of future networks yet to be specified (e.g., a 3GPP 6G network). NG-RAN implements 5G radio access technology known as New Radio (NR) and may be provisioned to implement 4G radio access technology or other radio access technologies, including non- 3GPP radio access technologies.

[0050] FIG. 1 B illustrates another example mobile communication network 150 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. Mobile communication network 150 may be, for example, a PLMN run by a network operator. As illustrated in FIG. 1 B, mobile communication network 150 includes a 5G core network (5G-CN) 152, an NG-RAN 154, and UEs 156A and 156B (collectively UEs 156). These components may be implemented and operate in the same or similar manner as corresponding components described with respect to FIG. 1 A.

[0051] The 5G-CN 152 provides the UEs 156 with an interface to one or more DNs, such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and / or intra-operator DNs. As part of the interface functionality, the 5G-CN 152 may set up end-to-end connections between the UEs 156 and the one or more DNs, authenticate the UEs 156, and provide charging functionality. Compared to the CN of a 3GPP 4G network, the basis of the 5G-CN 152 may be a service-based architecture. This means that the architecture of the nodes making up the 5G-CN 152 may be defined as network functions that offer services via interfaces to other network functions. The network functions of the 5G-CN 152 may be implemented in several ways, including as network elements on dedicated or shared hardware, as software instances running on dedicated or shared hardware, or as virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud-based platform).

[0052] As illustrated in FIG. 1 B, the 5G-CN 152 includes an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 158A and a User Plane Function (UPF) 158B, which are shown as one component AMF / UPF 158 in FIG. 1 B for ease of illustration. The UPF 158B may serve as a gateway between the NG-RAN 154 and the one or more DNs. The UPF 158B may perform functions such as packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection and user plane policy rule enforcement, traffic usage reporting, uplink classification to supportDocket No.: 24-1246PCT routing of traffic flows to the one or more DNs, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g , packet filtering, gating, uplink / downlink rate enforcement, and uplink traffic verification), downlink packet buffering, and downlink data notification triggering. The UPF 158B may serve as an anchor point for intra- / inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, an external protocol (or packet) data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to the one or more DNs, and / or a branching point to support a multi-homed PDU session. The UEs 156 may be configured to receive services through a PDU session, which is a logical connection between a UE and a DN.

[0053] The AMF 158A may perform functions such as Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling termination, NAS signaling security, Access Stratum (AS) security control, inter-CN node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks, idle mode UE reachability (e g., control and execution of paging retransmission), registration area management, intra-system and inter-system mobility support, access authentication, access authorization including checking of roaming rights, mobility management control (subscription and policies), network slicing support, and / or session management function (SMF) selection. NAS may refer to the functionality operating between a CN and a UE, and AS may refer to the functionality operating between the UE and a RAN.

[0054] The 5G-CN 152 may include one or more additional network functions that are not shown in FIG. 1 B for the sake of clarity. For example, the 5G-CN 152 may include one or more of a Session Management Function (SMF), an NR Repository Function (NRF), a Policy Control Function (PCF), a Network Exposure Function (NEF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), and / or an Authentication Server Function (AUSF).

[0055] The NG-RAN 154 may connect the 5G-CN 152 to the UEs 156 through radio communications over the air interface. The NG-RAN 154 may include one or more gNBs, illustrated as gNB 160A and gNB 160B (collectively gNBs 160) and / or one or more ng-eNBs, illustrated as ng-eNB 162A and ng-eNB 162B (collectively ng-eNBs 162). The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162 may be more generically referred to as base stations. The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162 may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the UEs 156 over an air interface. For example, one or more of the gNBs 160 and / or one or more of the ng-eNBs 162 may include three sets of antennas to respectively control three cells (or sectors).Together, the cells of the gNBs 160 and the ng-eNBs 162 may provide radio coverage to the UEs 156 over a wide geographic area to support UE mobility.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 1 B, the gNBs 160 and / or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to the 5G-CN 152 by means of an NG interface and to other base stations by an Xn interface. The NG and Xn interfaces may be established using direct physical connections and / or indirect connections over an underlying transport network, such as an internet protocol (IP) transport network. The gNBs 160 and / or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to the UEs 156 by means of a Uu interface. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1 B, gNB 160ADocket No.: 24-1246PCT may be connected to the UE 156A by means of a Uu interface. The NG, Xn, and Uu interfaces are associated with a protocol stack. The protocol stacks associated with the interfaces may be used by the network elements in FIG. 1 B to exchange data and signaling messages and may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane may handle data of interest to a user. The control plane may handle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0057] The gNBs 160 and / or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to one or more AMF / UPF functions of the 5G-CN 152, such as the AMF / UPF 158, by means of one or more NG interfaces. For example, the gNB 160A may be connected to the UPF 158B of the AMF / UPF 158 by means of an NG-User plane (NG-U) interface. The NG-U interface may provide delivery (e.g., non-guaranteed delivery) of user plane PDUs between the gNB 160A and the UPF 158B. The gNB 160A may be connected to the AMF 158A by means of an NG-Control plane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interface may provide, for example, NG interface management, UE context management, UE mobility management, transport of NAS messages, paging, PDU session management, and configuration transfer and / or warning message transmission.

[0058] The gNBs 160 may provide NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UEs 156 over the Uu interface. For example, the gNB 160A may provide NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations toward the UE 156A over a Uu interface associated with a first protocol stack. The ng- eNBs 162 may provide Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UEs 156 over a Uu interface, where E-UTRA refers to the 3GPP 4G radio-access technology. For example, the ng-eNB 162B may provide E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 156B over a Uu interface associated with a second protocol stack.

[0059] The 5G-CN 152 was described as being configured to handle NR and 4G radio accesses. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that it may be possible for NR to connect to a 4G core network in a mode known as "non-standalone operation.” In non-standalone operation, a 4G core network is used to provide (or at least support) control-plane functionality (e.g., initial access, mobility, and paging). Although only one AMF / UPF 158 is shown in FIG. 1 B, one gNB or ng-eNB may be connected to multiple AMF / UPF nodes to provide redundancy and / or to load share across the multiple AMF / UPF nodes.

[0060] As discussed, an interface (e.g., Uu, Xn, and NG interfaces) between the network elements in FIG. 1 B may be associated with a protocol stack that the network elements use to exchange data and signaling messages. A protocol stack may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane may handle data of interest to a user, and the control plane may handle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0061] FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B respectively illustrate examples of NR user plane and NR control plane protocol stacks for the Uu interface that lies between a UE 210 and a gNB 220. The protocol stacksDocket No.: 24-1246PCT illustrated in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B may be the same or similar to those used for the Uu interface between, for example, the UE 156A and the gNB 160A shown in FIG. 1 B.

[0062] FIG. 2A illustrates a NR user plane protocol stack comprising five layers implemented in the UE 210 and the gNB 220. At the bottom of the protocol stack, physical layers (PHYs) 211 and 221 may provide transport services to the higher layers of the protocol stack and may correspond to layer 1 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The next four protocols above PHYs 211 and 221 comprise media access control layers (MACs) 212 and 222, radio link control layers (RLCs) 213 and 223, packet data convergence protocol layers (PDCPs) 214 and 224, and service data application protocol layers (SDAPs) 215 and 225. Together, these four protocols may make up layer 2, or the data link layer, of the OSI model.

[0063] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of services provided between protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack. Starting from the top of FIG. 2A and FIG. 3, the SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform QoS flow handling. The UE 210 may receive services through a PDU session, which may be a logical connection between the UE 210 and a DN. The PDU session may have one or more QoS flows. A UPF of a CN (e.g., the UPF 158B) may map IP packets to the one or more QoS flows of the PDU session based on QoS requirements (e.g., in terms of delay, data rate, and / or error rate). The SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform mapping / de-mapping between the one or more QoS flows and one or more data radio bearers. The mapping / de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers may be determined by the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220. The SDAP 215 at the UE 210 may be informed of the mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers through reflective mapping or control signaling received from the gNB 220. For reflective mapping, the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220 may mark the downlink packets with a QoS flow indicator (QFI), which may be observed by the SDAP 215 at the UE 210 to determine the mapping / de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers.

[0064] The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform header compression / decompression to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted over the air interface, ciphering / deciphering to prevent unauthorized decoding of data transmitted over the air interface, and integrity protection (to ensure control messages originate from intended sources. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform retransmissions of undelivered packets, in-sequence delivery and reordering of packets, and removal of packets received in duplicate due to, for example, an intra-g NB handover. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform packet duplication to improve the likelihood of the packet being received and, at the receiver, remove any duplicate packets. Packet duplication may be useful for services that require high reliability.

[0065] Although not shown in FIG. 3, PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform mapping / de-mapping between a split radio bearer and RLC channels in a dual connectivity scenario. Dual connectivity is a technique that allows a UE to connect to two cells or, more generally, two cell groups: a master cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). A split bearer is when a single radio bearer, such as one of the radio bearersDocket No.: 24-1246PCT provided by the PDCPs 214 and 224 as a service to the SDAPs 215 and 225, is handled by cell groups in dual connectivity. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may map / de-map the split radio bearer between RLC channels belonging to cell groups.

[0066] The RLCs 213 and 223 may perform segmentation, retransmission through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), and removal of duplicate data units received from MACs 212 and 222, respectively. The RLCs 213 and 223 may support three transmission modes: transparent mode (TM); unacknowledged mode (UM); and acknowledged mode (AM). Based on the transmission mode an RLC is operating, the RLC may perform one or more of the noted functions. The RLC configuration may be per logical channel with no dependency on numerologies and / or Transmission Time Interval (TTI) durations. As shown in FIG. 3, the RLCs 213 and 223 may provide RLC channels as a service to PDCPs 214 and 224, respectively.

[0067] The MACs 212 and 222 may perform multiplexing / demultiplexing of logical channels and / or mapping between logical channels and transport channels. The multiplexing / demultiplexing may include multiplexing / demultiplexing of data units, belonging to the one or more logical channels, into / from Transport Blocks (TBs) delivered to / from the PHYs 211 and 221 . The MAC 222 may be configured to perform scheduling, scheduling information reporting, and priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling. Scheduling may be performed in the gNB 220 (at the MAC 222) for downlink and uplink. The MACs 212 and 222 may be configured to perform error correction through Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) (e.g., one HARQ entity per carrier in case of Carrier Aggregation (CA)), priority handling between logical channels of the UE 210 by means of logical channel prioritization, and / or padding. The MACs 212 and 222 may support one or more numerologies and / or transmission timings. In an example, mapping restrictions in a logical channel prioritization may control which numerology and / or transmission timing a logical channel may use. As shown in FIG. 3, the MACs 212 and 222 may provide logical channels as a service to the RLCs 213 and 223.

[0068] The PHYs 211 and 221 may perform mapping of transport channels to physical channels and digital and analog signal processing functions for sending and receiving information over the air interface. These digital and analog signal processing functions may include, for example, coding / decoding and modulation / demodulation. The PHYs 211 and 221 may perform multi-antenna mapping. As shown in FIG. 3, the PHYs 211 and 221 may provide one or more transport channels as a service to the MACs 212 and 222.

[0069] FIG. 4A illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack. FIG. 4A illustrates a downlink data flow of three IP packets (n, n+1, and m) through the NR user plane protocol stack to generate two TBs at the gNB 220. An uplink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack may be similar to the downlink data flow depicted in FIG. 4A.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0070] The downlink data flow of FIG. 4A begins when SDAP 225 receives the three IP packets from one or more QoS flows and maps the three packets to radio bearers. In FIG. 4A, the SDAP 225 maps IP packets n and n+1 to a first radio bearer 402 and maps IP packet m to a second radio bearer 404. An SDAP header (labeled with an “ H” in FIG. 4A) is added to an IP packet. The data unit from / to a higher protocol layer is referred to as a service data unit (SDU) of the lower protocol layer and the data unit to / from a lower protocol layer is referred to as a protocol data unit (PDU) of the higher protocol layer. As shown in FIG. 4A, the data unit from the SDAP 225 is an SDU of lower protocol layer PDCP 224 and is a PDU of the SDAP 225.

[0071] The remaining protocol layers in FIG. 4A may perform their associated functionality (e.g . , with respect to FIG. 3), add corresponding headers, and forward their respective outputs to the next lower layer For example, the PDCP 224 may perform IP-header compression and ciphering and forward its output to the RLC 223. The RLC 223 may optionally perform segmentation (e.g., as shown for IP packet m in FIG. 4A) and forward its output to the MAC 222. The MAC 222 may multiplex a number of RLC PDUs and may attach a MAC subheader to an RLC PDU to form a transport block. In NR, the MAC subheaders may be distributed across the MAC PDU, as illustrated in FIG. 4A In LTE, the MAC subheaders may be entirely located at the beginning of the MAC PDU. The NR MAC PDU structure may reduce processing time and associated latency because the MAC PDU subheaders may be computed before the full MAC PDU is assembled.

[0072] FIG. 4B illustrates an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU. The MAC subheader includes: an SDU length field for indicating the length (e.g., in bytes) of the MAC SDU to which the MAC subheader corresponds; a logical channel identifier (LCID) field for identifying the logical channel from which the MAC SDU originated to aid in the demultiplexing process; a flag (F) for indicating the size of the SDU length field; and a reserved bit (R) field for future use.

[0073] FIG. 4B further illustrates MAC control elements (CEs) inserted into the MAC PDU by a MAC, such as MAC 223 or MAC 222. For example, FIG. 4B illustrates two MAC CEs inserted into the MAC PDU. MAC CEs may be inserted at the beginning of a MAC PDU for downlink transmissions (as shown in FIG. 4B) and at the end of a MAC PDU for uplink transmissions. MAC CEs may be used for in-band control signaling. Example MAC CEs include: scheduling-related MAC CEs, such as buffer status reports and power headroom reports; activation / deactivation MAC CEs, such as those for activation / deactivation of PDCP duplication detection, channel state information (CSI) reporting, sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission, and prior configured components; discontinuous reception (DRX) related MAC CEs; timing advance MAC CEs; and random access related MAC CEs. A MAC CE may be preceded by a MAC subheader with a similar format as described for MAC SDUs and may be identified with a reserved value in the LCID field that indicates the type of control information included in the MAC CE.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0074] Before describing the NR control plane protocol stack, logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels are first described as well as a mapping between the channel types. One or more of the channels may be used to carry out functions associated with the NR control plane protocol stack described later below.

[0075] FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B illustrate, for downlink and uplink respectively, a mapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels. Information is passed through channels between the RLC, the MAC, and the PHY of the NR protocol stack. A logical channel may be used between the RLC and the MAC and may be classified as a control channel that carries control and configuration information in the NR control plane or as a traffic channel that carries data in the NR user plane. A logical channel may be classified as a dedicated logical channel that is dedicated to a specific UE or as a common logical channel that may be used by more than one UE. A logical channel may also be defined by the type of information it carries. The set of logical channels defined by NR include, for example:

[0076] - a paging control channel (PCCH) for carrying paging messages used to page a UE whose location is not known to the network on a cell level;

[0077] -- a broadcast control channel (BCCH) for carrying system information messages in the form of a master information block (MIB) and several system information blocks (SIBs), wherein the system information messages may be used by the UEs to obtain information about how a cell is configured and how to operate within the cell;

[0078] -- a common control channel (CCCH) for carrying control messages together with random access;

[0079] - a dedicated control channel (DCCH) for carrying control messages to / from a specific the UE to configure the UE; and

[0080] - a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) for carrying user data to / from a specific the UE.

[0081] Transport channels are used between the MAC and PHY layers and may be defined by how the information they carry is transmitted over the air interface. The set of transport channels defined by NR include, for example:

[0082] -- a paging channel (PCH) for carrying paging messages that originated from the PCCH;

[0083] - a broadcast channel (BCH) for carrying the MIB from the BCCH;

[0084] - a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) for carrying downlink data and signaling messages, including the SIBs from the BCCH;

[0085] -- an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) for carrying uplink data and signaling messages; and

[0086] - a random access channel (RACH) for allowing a UE to contact the network without any prior scheduling.

[0087] The PHY may use physical channels to pass information between processing levels of the PHY. A physical channel may have an associated set of time-frequency resources for carrying the information ofDocket No.: 24-1246PCT one or more transport channels. The PHY may generate control information to support the low-level operation of the PHY and provide the control information to the lower levels of the PHY via physical control channels, known as L1 / L2 control channels. The set of physical channels and physical control channels defined by NR include, for example:

[0088] - a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) for carrying the MIB from the BCH;

[0089] - a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for carrying downlink data and signaling messages from the DL-SCH, as well as paging messages from the PCH;

[0090] - a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for carrying downlink control information (DCI), which may include downlink scheduling commands, uplink scheduling grants, and uplink power control commands;

[0091] - a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for carrying uplink data and signaling messages from the UL-SCH and in some instances uplink control information (UCI) as described below;

[0092] - a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for carrying UCI, which may include HARQ acknowledgments, channel quality indicators (CQI), pre-coding matrix indicators (PM I), rank indicators (Rl), and scheduling requests (SR); and

[0093] - a physical random access channel (PRACH) for random access.

[0094] Similar to the physical control channels, the physical layer generates physical signals to support the low-level operation of the physical layer. As shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, the physical layer signals defined by NR include: primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), sounding reference signals (SRS), and phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RS). These physical layer signals will be described in greater detail below.

[0095] FIG. 2B illustrates an example NR control plane protocol stack. As shown in FIG. 2B, the NR control plane protocol stack may use the same / similar first four protocol layers as the example NR user plane protocol stack. These four protocol layers include the PHYs 211 and 221 , the MACs 212 and 222, the RLCs 213 and 223, and the PDCPs 214 and 224. Instead of having the SDAPs 215 and 225 at the top of the stack as in the NR user plane protocol stack, the NR control plane stack has radio resource controls (RRCs) 216 and 226 and NAS protocols 217 and 237 at the top of the NR control plane protocol stack.

[0096] The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 (e.g., the AMF 158A) or, more generally, between the UE 210 and the CN. The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 via signaling messages, referred to as NAS messages. There is no direct path between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 through which the NAS messages can be transported. The NAS messages may be transported using theDocket No.: 24-1246PCTAS of the Uu and NG interfaces NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionality such as authentication, security, connection setup, mobility management, and session management.

[0097] The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the gNB 220 or, more generally, between the UE 210 and the RAN. The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the gNB 220 via signaling messages, referred to as RRC messages. RRC messages may be transmitted between the UE 210 and the RAN using signaling radio bearers and the same / similar PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY protocol layers. The MAC may multiplex controlplane and user-plane data into the same transport block (TB). The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality such as: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS; paging initiated by the CN or the RAN; establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE 210 and the RAN; security functions including key management; establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of signaling radio bearers and data radio bearers; mobility functions; QoS management functions; the UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting; detection of and recovery from radio link failure (RLF); and / or NAS message transfer. As part of establishing an RRC connection, RRCs 216 and 226 may establish an RRC context, which may involve configuring parameters for communication between the UE 210 and the RAN .

[0098] FIG. 6 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE. The UE may be the same or similar to the wireless device 106 depicted in FIG. 1A, the UE 210 depicted in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, or any other wireless device described in the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 6, a UE may be in at least one of three RRC states: RRC connected 602 (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED), RRC idle 604 (e.g., RRC_I DLE), and RRC inactive 606 (e.g., RRCJNACTIVE).

[0099] In RRC connected 602, the UE has an established RRC context and may have at least one RRC connection with a base station. The base station may be similar to one of the one or more base stations included in the RAN 104 depicted in FIG. 1A, one of the gNBs 160 or ng-eNBs 162 depicted in FIG. 1 B, the gNB 220 depicted in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, or any other base station described in the present disclosure. The base station with which the UE is connected may have the RRC context for the UE. The RRC context, referred to as the UE context, may comprise parameters for communication between the UE and the base station. These parameters may include, for example: one or more AS contexts; one or more radio link configuration parameters; bearer configuration information (e.g., relating to a data radio bearer, signaling radio bearer, logical channel, QoS flow, and / or PDU session); security information; and / or PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and / or SDAP layer configuration information. While in RRC connected 602, mobility of the UE may be managed by the RAN (e.g., the RAN 104 or the NG-RAN 154). The UE may measure the signal levels (e.g , reference signal levels) from a serving cell and neighboring cells and report these measurements to the base station currently serving the UE. The UE's serving base station may request a handover to a cellDocket No.: 24-1246PCT of one of the neighboring base stations based on the reported measurements. The RRC state may transition from RRC connected 602 to RRC idle 604 through a connection release procedure 608 or to RRC inactive 606 through a connection inactivation procedure 610.

[0100] In RRC idle 604, an RRC context may not be established for the UE. In RRC idle 604, the UE may not have an RRC connection with the base station. While in RRC idle 604, the UE may be in a sleep state for the majority of the time (e.g., to conserve battery power). The UE may wake up periodically (e.g., once in every discontinuous reception cycle) to monitor for paging messages from the RAN. Mobility of the UE may be managed by the UE through a procedure known as cell reselection. The RRC state may transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connected 602 through a connection establishment procedure 612, which may involve a random access procedure as discussed in greater detail below.

[0101] In RRC inactive 606, the RRC context previously established is maintained in the UE and the base station. This allows for a fast transition to RRC connected 602 with reduced signaling overhead as compared to the transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connected 602. While in RRC inactive 606, the UE may be in a sleep state and mobility of the UE may be managed by the UE through cell reselection. The RRC state may transition from RRC inactive 606 to RRC connected 602 through a connection resume procedure 614 or to RRC idle 604 though a connection release procedure 616 that may be the same as or similar to connection release procedure 608.

[0102] An RRC state may be associated with a mobility management mechanism. In RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606, mobility is managed by the UE through cell reselection. The purpose of mobility management in RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 is to allow the network to be able to notify the UE of an event via a paging message without having to broadcast the paging message over the entire mobile communications network. The mobility management mechanism used in RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 may allow the network to track the UE on a cell-group level so that the paging message may be broadcast over the cells of the cell group that the UE currently resides within instead of the entire mobile communication network. The mobility management mechanisms for RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 track the UE on a cell-group level. They may do so using different granularities of grouping. For example, there may be three levels of cell-grouping granularity: individual cells; cells within a RAN area identified by a RAN area identifier (RAI); and cells within a group of RAN areas, referred to as a tracking area and identified by a tracking area identifier (TAI).

[0103] Tracking areas may be used to track the UE at the CN level. The CN (e.g., the CN 102 or the 5G-CN 152) may provide the UE with a list of TAIs associated with a UE registration area. If the UE moves, through cell reselection, to a cell associated with a TAI not included in the list of TAIs associated with the UE registration area, the UE may perform a registration update with the CN to allow the CN to update the UE's location and provide the UE with a new the UE registration area.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0104] RAN areas may be used to track the UE at the RAN level. For a UE in RRC inactive 606 state, the UE may be assigned a RAN notification area. A RAN notification area may comprise one or more cell identities, a list of RAIs, or a list of TAIs. In an example, a base station may belong to one or more RAN notification areas. In an example, a cell may belong to one or more RAN notification areas. If the UE moves, through cell reselection, to a cell not included in the RAN notification area assigned to the UE, the UE may perform a notification area update with the RAN to update the UE's RAN notification area.

[0105] A base station storing an RRC context for a UE or a last serving base station of the UE may be referred to as an anchor base station. An anchor base station may maintain an RRC context for the UE at least during a period of time that the UE stays in a RAN notification area of the anchor base station and / or during a period of time that the UE stays in RRC inactive 606.

[0106] A gNB, such as gNBs 160 in FIG. 1 B, may be split into two parts: a central unit (gNB-CU), and one or more distributed units (gNB-DU). A gNB-CU may be coupled to one or more gNB-DUs using an F1 interface. The gNB-CU may comprise the RRC, the PDCP, and the SDAP. A gNB-DU may comprise the RLC, the MAC, and the PHY.

[0107] In NR, the physical signals and physical channels (discussed with respect to FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B) may be mapped onto orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. OFDM is a multicarrier communication scheme that transmits data over F orthogonal subcarriers (or tones). Before transmission, the data may be mapped to a series of complex symbols (e.g ., M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M- QAM) or M-phase shift keying (M-PSK) symbols), referred to as source symbols, and divided into F parallel symbol streams. The F parallel symbol streams may be treated as though they are in the frequency domain and used as inputs to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block that transforms them into the time domain. The IFFT block may take in Fsource symbols at a time, one from each of the F parallel symbol streams, and use each source symbol to modulate the amplitude and phase of one of F sinusoidal basis functions that correspond to the F orthogonal subcarriers. The output of the IFFT block may be F timedomain samples that represent the summation of the F orthogonal subcarriers. The F time-domain samples may form a single OFDM symbol. After some processing (e.g., addition of a cyclic prefix) and up- conversion, an OFDM symbol provided by the IFFT block may be transmitted over the air interface on a carrier frequency. The F parallel symbol streams may be mixed using an FFT block before being processed by the IFFT block. This operation produces Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-precoded OFDM symbols and may be used by UEs in the uplink to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Inverse processing may be performed on the OFDM symbol at a receiver using an FFT block to recover the data mapped to the source symbols.

[0108] FIG. 7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame into which OFDM symbols are grouped. An NR frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN). The SFN may repeat with a periodDocket No.: 24-1246PCT of 1024 frames. As illustrated, one NR frame may be 10 milliseconds (ms) in duration and may include 10 subframes that are 1 ms in duration. A subframe may be divided into slots that include, for example, 14 OFDM symbols per slot.

[0109] The duration of a slot may depend on the numerology used for the OFDM symbols of the slot. In NR, a flexible numerology is supported to accommodate different cell deployments (e.g., cells with carrier frequencies below 1 GHz up to cells with carrier frequencies in the mm-wave range). A numerology may be defined in terms of subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration. For a numerology in NR, subcarrier spacings may be scaled up by powers of two from a baseline subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and cyclic prefix durations may be scaled down by powers of two from a baseline cyclic prefix duration of 4.7 ps. For example, NR defines numerologies with the following subcarrier spacing / cyclic prefix duration combinations: 15 kHz / 4.7 ps; 30 kHz / 2.3 ps; 60 kHz / 1.2 ps; 120 kHz / 0.59 ps; and 240 kHz / 0.29 ps.

[0110] A slot may have a fixed number of OFDM symbols (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols). A numerology with a higher subcarrier spacing has a shorter slot duration and, correspondingly, more slots per subframe. FIG. 7 illustrates this numerology-dependent slot duration and slots-per-subframe transmission structure (the numerology with a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz is not shown in FIG. 7 for ease of illustration). A subframe in NR may be used as a numerology-independent time reference, while a slot may be used as the unit upon which uplink and downlink transmissions are scheduled. To support low latency, scheduling in NR may be decoupled from the slot duration and start at any OFDM symbol and last for as many symbols as needed for a transmission. These partial slot transmissions may be referred to as mini-slot or subslot transmissions.

[0111] FIG. 8 illustrates an example configuration of a slot in the time and frequency domain for an NR carrier. The slot includes resource elements (REs) and resource blocks (RBs). An RE is the smallest physical resource in NR. An RE spans one OFDM symbol in the time domain by one subcarrier in the frequency domain as shown in FIG. 8. An RB spans twelve consecutive REs in the frequency domain as shown in FIG. 8. An NR carrier may be limited to a width of 275 RBs or 275*12 = 3300 subcarriers. Such a limitation, if used, may limit the NR carrier to 50, 100, 200, and 400 MHz for subcarrier spacings of 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz, respectively, where the 400 MHz bandwidth may be set based on a 400 MHz per carrier bandwidth limit.

[0112] FIG. 8 illustrates a single numerology being used across the entire bandwidth of the NR carrier. In other example configurations, multiple numerologies may be supported on the same carrier.

[0113] NR may support wide carrier bandwidths (e.g., up to 400 MHz for a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz). Not all UEs may be able to receive the full carrier bandwidth (e.g., due to hardware limitations). Also, receiving the full carrier bandwidth may be prohibitive in terms of UE power consumption. In an example, to reduce power consumption and / or for other purposes, a UE may adapt the size of the UE's receiveDocket No.: 24-1246PCT bandwidth based on the amount of traffic the UE is scheduled to receive. This is referred to as bandwidth adaptation.

[0114] NR defines bandwidth parts (BWPs) to support UEs not capable of receiving the full carrier bandwidth and to support bandwidth adaptation. In an example, a BWP may be defined by a subset of contiguous RBs on a carrier. A UE may be configured (e.g., via RRC layer) with one or more downlink BWPs and one or more uplink BWPs per serving cell (e.g., up to four downlink BWPs and up to four uplink BWPs per serving cell). At a given time, one or more of the configured BWPs for a serving cell may be active. These one or more BWPs may be referred to as active BWPs of the serving cell. When a serving cell is configured with a secondary uplink carrier, the serving cell may have one or more first active BWPs in the uplink carrier and one or more second active BWPs in the secondary uplink carrier.

[0115] For unpaired spectra, a downlink BWP from a set of configured downlink BWPs may be linked with an uplink BWP from a set of configured uplink BWPs if a downlink BWP index of the downlink BWP and an uplink BWP index of the uplink BWP are the same. For unpaired spectra, a UE may expect that a center frequency for a downlink BWP is the same as a center frequency for an uplink BWP.

[0116] For a downlink BWP in a set of configured downlink BWPs on a primary cell (PCell), a base station may configure a UE with one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) for at least one search space. A search space is a set of locations in the time and frequency domains where the UE may find control information. The search space may be a UE-specific search space or a common search space (potentially usable by a plurality of UEs). For example, a base station may configure a UE with a common search space, on a PCell or on a primary secondary cell (PSCell), in an active downlink BWP.

[0117] For an uplink BWP in a set of configured uplink BWPs, a BS may configure a UE with one or more resource sets for one or more PUCCH transmissions. A UE may receive downlink receptions (e.g., PDCCH or PDSCH) in a downlink BWP according to a configured numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration) for the downlink BWP. The UE may transmit uplink transmissions (e.g., PUCCH or PUSCH) in an uplink BWP according to a configured numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix length for the uplink BWP).

[0118] One or more BWP indicator fields may be provided in Downlink Control Information (DCI). A value of a BWP indicator field may indicate which BWP in a set of configured BWPs is an active downlink BWP for one or more downlink receptions. The value of the one or more BWP indicator fields may indicate an active uplink BWP for one or more uplink transmissions.

[0119] A base station may semi-statically configure a UE with a default downlink BWP within a set of configured downlink BWPs associated with a PCell. If the base station does not provide the default downlink BWP to the UE, the default downlink BWP may be an initial active downlink BWP. The UE mayDocket No.: 24-1246PCT determine which BWP is the initial active downlink BWP based on a CORESET configuration obtained using the PBCH.

[0120] A base station may configure a UE with a BWP inactivity timer value for a PCell. The UE may start or restart a BWP inactivity timer at any appropriate time. For example, the UE may start or restart the BWP inactivity timer (a) when the UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP other than a default downlink BWP for a paired spectra operation; or (b) when a UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP or active uplink BWP other than a default downlink BWP or uplink BWP for an unpaired spectra operation. If the UE does not detect DCI during an interval of time (e.g., 1 ms or 0.5 ms), the UE may run the BWP inactivity timer toward expiration (for example, increment from zero to the BWP inactivity timer value, or decrement from the BWP inactivity timer value to zero). When the BWP inactivity timer expires, the UE may switch from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP.

[0121] In an example, a base station may semi-statically configure a UE with one or more BWPs. A UE may switch an active BWP from a first BWP to a second BWP in response to receiving a DCI indicating the second BWP as an active BWP and / or in response to an expiry of the BWP inactivity timer (e.g., if the second BWP is the default BWP).

[0122] Downlink and uplink BWP switching (where BWP switching refers to switching from a currently active BWP to a not currently active BWP) may be performed independently in paired spectra. In unpaired spectra, downlink and uplink BWP switching may be performed simultaneously. Switching between configured BWPs may occur based on RRC signaling, DCI, expiration of a BWP inactivity timer, and / or an initiation of random access.

[0123] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs for an NR carrier. A UE configured with the three BWPs may switch from one BWP to another BWP at a switching point. In the example illustrated in FIG. 9, the BWPs include: a BWP 902 with a bandwidth of 40 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; a BWP 904 with a bandwidth of 10 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; and a BWP 906 with a bandwidth of 20 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. The BWP 902 may be an initial active BWP, and the BWP 904 may be a default BWP. The UE may switch between BWPs at switching points. In the example of FIG. 9, the UE may switch from the BWP 902 to the BWP 904 at a switching point 908. The switching at the switching point 908 may occur for any suitable reason, for example, in response to an expiry of a BWP inactivity timer (indicating switching to the default BWP) and / or in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UE may switch at a switching point 910 from active BWP 904 to BWP 906 in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 906 as the active BWP. The UE may switch at a switching point 912 from active BWP 906 to BWP 904 in response to an expiry of a BWP inactivity timer and / or in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the activeDocket No.: 24-1246PCTBWP. The UE may switch at a switching point 914 from active BWP 904 to BWP 902 in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 902 as the active BWP.

[0124] If a UE is configured for a secondary cell with a default downlink BWP in a set of configured downlink BWPs and a timer value, UE procedures for switching BWPs on a secondary cell may be the same / similar as those on a primary cell. For example, the UE may use the timer value and the default downlink BWP for the secondary cell in the same / similar manner as the UE would use these values for a primary cell.

[0125] To provide for greater data rates, two or more carriers can be aggregated and simultaneously transmitted to / from the same UE using carrier aggregation (CA). The aggregated carriers in CA may be referred to as component carriers (CCs). When CA is used, there are a number of serving cells for the UE, one for a CC. The CCs may have three configurations in the frequency domain.

[0126] FIG. 10A illustrates the three CA configurations with two CCs. In the intraband, contiguous configuration 1002, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (frequency band A) and are located directly adjacent to each other within the frequency band. In the intraband, non-contiguous configuration 1004, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (frequency band A) and are separated in the frequency band by a gap. In the interband configuration 1006, the two CCs are located in frequency bands (frequency band A and frequency band B).

[0127] In an example, up to 32 CCs may be aggregated. The aggregated CCs may have the same or different bandwidths, subcarrier spacing, and / or duplexing schemes (TDD or FDD). A serving cell for a UE using CA may have a downlink CC. For FDD, one or more uplink CCs may be optionally configured for a serving cell. The ability to aggregate more downlink carriers than uplink carriers may be useful, for example, when the UE has more data traffic in the downlink than in the uplink.

[0128] When CA is used, one of the aggregated cells for a UE may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell). The PCell may be the serving cell that the UE initially connects to at RRC connection establishment, reestablishment, and / or handover. The PCell may provide the UE with NAS mobility information and the security input. UEs may have different PCells. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be referred to as the downlink primary CC (DL PCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be referred to as the uplink primary CC (UL PCC). The other aggregated cells for the UE may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells). In an example, the SCells may be configured after the PCell is configured for the UE. For example, an SCell may be configured through an RRC Connection Reconfiguration procedure. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to an SCell may be referred to as a downlink secondary CC (DL SCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the SCell may be referred to as the uplink secondary CC (UL SCC).Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0129] Configured SCells for a UE may be activated and deactivated based on, for example, traffic and channel conditions. Deactivation of an SCell may mean that PDCCH and PDSCH reception on the SCell is stopped and PUSCH, SRS, and CQI transmissions on the SCell are stopped. Configured SCells may be activated and deactivated using a MAC CE with respect to FIG. 4B. For example, a MAC CE may use a bitmap (e.g., one bit per SCell) to indicate which SCells (e.g., in a subset of configured SCells) for the UE are activated or deactivated. Configured SCells may be deactivated in response to an expiration of an SCell deactivation timer (e.g., one SCell deactivation timer per SCell).

[0130] Downlink control information, such as scheduling assignments and scheduling grants, for a cell may be transmitted on the cell corresponding to the assignments and grants, which is known as selfscheduling. The DCI for the cell may be transmitted on another cell, which is known as cross-carrier scheduling. Uplink control information (e.g., HARQ acknowledgments and channel state feedback, such as CQI, PMI, and / or Rl) for aggregated cells may be transmitted on the PUCCH of the PCell. For a larger number of aggregated downlink CCs, the PUCCH of the PCell may become overloaded. Cells may be divided into multiple PUCCH groups.

[0131] FIG. 10B illustrates an example of how aggregated cells may be configured into one or more PUCCH groups. A PUCCH group 1010 and a PUCCH group 1050 may include one or more downlink CCs, respectively. In the example of FIG. 10B, the PUCCH group 1010 includes three downlink CCs: a PCell 1011 , an SCell 1012, and an SCell 1013. The PUCCH group 1050 includes three downlink CCs in the present example: a PCell 1051 , an SCell 1052, and an SCell 1053. One or more uplink CCs may be configured as a PCell 1021 , an SCell 1022, and an SCell 1023. One or more other uplink CCs may be configured as a primary SCell (PSCell) 1061 , an SCell 1062, and an SCell 1063. Uplink control information (UCI) related to the downlink CCs of the PUCCH group 1010, shown as UC1 1031 , UC1 1032, and UCI 1033, may be transmitted in the uplink of the PCell 1021. Uplink control information (UCI) related to the downlink CCs of the PUCCH group 1050, shown as UC1 1071 , UC1 1072, and UCI 1073, may be transmitted in the uplink of the PSCell 1061 . In an example, if the aggregated cells depicted in FIG. 10B were not divided into the PUCCH group 1010 and the PUCCH group 1050, a single uplink PCell to transmit UCI relating to the downlink CCs, and the PCell may become overloaded. By dividing transmissions of UCI between the PCell 1021 and the PSCell 1061 , overloading may be prevented.

[0132] A cell, comprising a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier, may be assigned with a physical cell ID and a cell index. The physical cell ID or the cell index may identify a downlink carrier and / or an uplink carrier of the cell, for example, depending on the context in which the physical cell ID is used. A physical cell ID may be determined using a synchronization signal transmitted on a downlink component carrier. A cell index may be determined using RRC messages. In the disclosure, a physical cell ID may be referred to as a carrier ID, and a cell index may be referred to as a carrier index. For example, when theDocket No.: 24-1246PCT disclosure refers to a first physical cell ID for a first downlink carrier, the disclosure may mean the first physical cell ID is for a cell comprising the first downlink carrier. The same / similar concept may apply to, for example, a carrier activation. When the disclosure indicates that a first carrier is activated, the specification may mean that a cell comprising the first carrier is activated.

[0133] In CA, a multi-carrier nature of a PHY may be exposed to a MAC. In an example, a HARQ entity may operate on a serving cell. A transport block may be generated per assignment / grant per serving cell. A transport block and potential HARQ retransmissions of the transport block may be mapped to a serving cell.

[0134] In the downlink, a base station may transmit (e.g., unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast) one or more Reference Signals (RSs) to a UE (e.g., PSS, SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, and / or PT-RS, as shown in FIG. 5A). In the uplink, the UE may transmit one or more RSs to the base station (e.g., DMRS, PT-RS, and / or SRS, as shown in FIG. 5B). The PSS and the SSS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to synchronize the UE to the base station. The PSS and the SSS may be provided in a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block that includes the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH. The base station may periodically transmit a burst of SS / PBCH blocks.

[0135] FIG. 11A illustrates an example of an SS / PBCH block's structure and location. A burst of SS / PBCH blocks may include one or more SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., 4 SS / PBCH blocks, as shown in FIG. 11A). Bursts may be transmitted periodically (e.g., every 2 frames or 20 ms). A burst may be restricted to a half-frame (e.g , a first half-frame having a duration of 5 ms). It will be understood that FIG. 11A is an example, and that these parameters (number of SS / PBCH blocks per burst, periodicity of bursts, position of burst within the frame) may be configured based on, for example: a carrier frequency of a cell in which the SS / PBCH block is transmitted; a numerology or subcarrier spacing of the cell; a configuration by the network (e.g., using RRC signaling); or any other suitable factor. In an example, the UE may assume a subcarrier spacing for the SS / PBCH block based on the carrier frequency being monitored, unless the radio network configured the UE to assume a different subcarrier spacing.

[0136] The SS / PBCH block may span one or more OFDM symbols in the time domain (e.g., 4 OFDM symbols, as shown in the example of FIG. 11 A) and may span one or more subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 240 contiguous subcarriers). The PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH may have a common center frequency. The PSS may be transmitted first and may span, for example, 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The SSS may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., two symbols later) and may span 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The PBCH may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., across the next 3 OFDM symbols) and may span 240 subcarriers.

[0137] The location of the SS / PBCH block in the time and frequency domains may not be known to the UE (e.g., if the UE is searching for the cell). To find and select the cell, the UE may monitor a carrier for theDocket No.: 24-1246PCTPSS. For example, the UE may monitor a frequency location within the carrier. If the PSS is not found after a certain duration (e.g., 20 ms), the UE may search for the PSS at a different frequency location within the carrier, as indicated by a synchronization raster. If the PSS is found at a location in the time and frequency domains, the UE may determine, based on a known structure of the SS / PBCH block, the locations of the SSS and the PBCH, respectively. The SS / PBCH block may be a cell-defining SS block (CD-SSB). In an example, a primary cell may be associated with a CD-SSB. The CD-SSB may be located on a synchronization raster. In an example, a cell selection / search and / or reselection may be based on the CD- SSB.

[0138] The SS / PBCH block may be used by the UE to determine one or more parameters of the cell. For example, the UE may determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) of the cell based on the sequences of the PSS and the SSS, respectively. The UE may determine a location of a frame boundary of the cell based on the location of the SS / PBCH block. For example, the SS / PBCH block may indicate that it has been transmitted in accordance with a transmission pattern, wherein a SS / PBCH block in the transmission pattern is a known distance from the frame boundary.

[0139] The PBCH may use a QPSK modulation and may use forward error correction (EEC). The EEC may use polar coding. One or more symbols spanned by the PBCH may carry one or more DMRSs for demodulation of the PBCH. The PBCH may include an indication of a current system frame number (SFN) of the cell and / or a SS / PBCH block timing index. These parameters may facilitate time synchronization of the UE to the base station. The PBCH may include a master information block (MIB) used to provide the UE with one or more parameters. The MIB may be used by the UE to locate remaining minimum system information (RMSI) associated with the cell. The RMSI may include a System Information Block Type 1 (SIB1). The SIB1 may contain information needed by the UE to access the cell. The UE may use one or more parameters of the MIB to monitor PDCCH, which may be used to schedule PDSCH. The PDSCH may include the SIB1 . The SIB1 may be decoded using parameters provided in the MIB. The PBCH may indicate an absence of SIB1 . Based on the PBCH indicating the absence of SIB1 , the UE may be pointed to a frequency. The UE may search for an SS / PBCH block at the frequency to which the UE is pointed.

[0140] The UE may assume that one or more SS / PBCH blocks transmitted with a same SS / PBCH block index are quasi co-located (QCLed) (e.g , having the same / similar Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay, and / or spatial Rx parameters). The UE may not assume QCL for SS / PBCH block transmissions having different SS / PBCH block indices.

[0141] SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., those within a half-frame) may be transmitted in spatial directions (e.g., using different beams that span a coverage area of the cell). In an example, a first SS / PBCH block may be transmitted in a first spatial direction using a first beam, and a second SS / PBCH block may be transmitted in a second spatial direction using a second beam.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0142] In an example, within a frequency span of a carrier, a base station may transmit a plurality of SS / PBCH blocks. In an example, a first PCI of a first SS / PBCH block of the plurality of SS / PBCH blocks may be different from a second PCI of a second SS / PBCH block of the plurality of SS / PBCH blocks. The PCIs of SS / PBCH blocks transmitted in different frequency locations may be different or the same.

[0143] The CSI-RS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to acquire channel state information (CSI). The base station may configure the UE with one or more CSI-RSs for channel estimation or any other suitable purpose. The base station may configure a UE with one or more of the same / similar CSI-RSs. The UE may measure the one or more CSI-RSs. The UE may estimate a downlink channel state and / or generate a CSI report based on the measuring of the one or more downlink CSI-RSs. The UE may provide the CSI report to the base station. The base station may use feedback provided by the UE (e.g., the estimated downlink channel state) to perform link adaptation.

[0144] The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more CSI-RS resource sets. A CSI-RS resource may be associated with a location in the time and frequency domains and a periodicity. The base station may selectively activate and / or deactivate a CSI-RS resource. The base station may indicate to the UE that a CSI-RS resource in the CSI-RS resource set is activated and / or deactivated.

[0145] The base station may configure the UE to report CSI measurements. The base station may configure the UE to provide CSI reports periodically, aperiodically, or semi-persistently. For periodic CSI reporting, the UE may be configured with a timing and / or periodicity of a plurality of CSI reports. For aperiodic CSI reporting, the base station may request a CSI report. For example, the base station may command the UE to measure a configured CSI-RS resource and provide a CSI report relating to the measurements. For semi-persistent CSI reporting, the base station may configure the UE to transmit periodically, and selectively activate or deactivate the periodic reporting. The base station may configure the UE with a CSI-RS resource set and CSI reports using RRC signaling.

[0146] The CSI-RS configuration may comprise one or more parameters indicating, for example, up to 32 antenna ports. The UE may be configured to employ the same OFDM symbols for a downlink CSI-RS and a control resource set (CORESET) when the downlink CSI-RS and CORESET are spatially QCLed and resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside of the physical resource blocks (PRBs) configured for the CORESET. The UE may be configured to employ the same OFDM symbols for downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH blocks when the downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH blocks are spatially QCLed and resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside of PRBs configured for the SS / PBCH blocks.

[0147] Downlink DMRSs may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE for channel estimation. For example, the downlink DMRS may be used for coherent demodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g., PDSCH). An NR network may support one or more variable and / or configurableDocket No.: 24-1246PCTDMRS patterns for data demodulation At least one downlink DMRS configuration may support a front- loaded DMRS pattern. A front-loaded DMRS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g ., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). A base station may semi-statically configure the UE with a number (e.g., a maximum number) of front-loaded DMRS symbols for PDSCH. A DMRS configuration may support one or more DMRS ports. For example, for single user-MIMO, a DMRS configuration may support up to eight orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. For multiuser-MIMO, a DMRS configuration may support up to 4 orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. A radio network may support (e.g., at least for CP-OFDM) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, wherein a DMRS location, a DMRS pattern, and / or a scrambling sequence may be the same or different. The base station may transmit a downlink DMRS and a corresponding PDSCH using the same precoding matrix. The UE may use the one or more downlink DMRSs for coherent demodulation / channel estimation of the PDSCH.

[0148] In an example, a transmitter (e.g., a base station) may use a precoder matrices for a part of a transmission bandwidth. For example, the transmitter may use a first precoder matrix for a first bandwidth and a second precoder matrix for a second bandwidth. The first precoder matrix and the second precoder matrix may be different based on the first bandwidth being different from the second bandwidth. The UE may assume that a same precoding matrix is used across a set of PRBs. The set of PRBs may be denoted as a precoding resource block group (PRG).

[0149] A PDSCH may comprise one or more layers. The UE may assume that at least one symbol with DMRS is present on a layer of the one or more layers of the PDSCH. A higher layer may configure up to 3 DMRSs for the PDSCH.

[0150] Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE for phase-noise compensation. Whether a downlink PT-RS is present or not may depend on an RRC configuration. The presence and / or pattern of the downlink PT-RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis using a combination of RRC signaling and / or an association with one or more parameters employed for other purposes (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS)), which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamic presence of a downlink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCI parameters comprising at least MCS. An NR network may support a plurality of PT-RS densities defined in the time and / or frequency domains. When present, a frequency domain density may be associated with at least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. The UE may assume a same precoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports may be fewer than a number of DMRS ports in a scheduled resource. Downlink PT-RS may be confined in the scheduled time / frequency duration for the UE. Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted on symbols to facilitate phase tracking at the receiver.

[0151] The UE may transmit an uplink DMRS to a base station for channel estimation. For example, the base station may use the uplink DMRS for coherent demodulation of one or more uplink physical channels.Docket No.: 24-1246PCTFor example, the UE may transmit an uplink DMRS with a PUSCH and / or a PUCCH. The uplink DM-RS may span a range of frequencies that is similar to a range of frequencies associated with the corresponding physical channel. The base station may configure the UE with one or more uplink DMRS configurations. At least one DMRS configuration may support a front-loaded DMRS pattern. The front-loaded DMRS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g. , one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). One or more uplink DMRSs may be configured to transmit at one or more symbols of a PUSCH and / or a PUCCH. The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with a number (e.g., maximum number) of front-loaded DMRS symbols for the PUSCH and / or the PUCCH, which the UE may use to schedule a single-symbol DMRS and / or a double-symbol DMRS. An NR network may support (e.g., for cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM)) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, wherein a DMRS location, a DMRS pattern, and / or a scrambling sequence for the DMRS may be the same or different.

[0152] A PUSCH may comprise one or more layers, and the UE may transmit at least one symbol with DMRS present on a layer of the one or more layers of the PUSCH. In an example, a higher layer may configure up to three DMRSs for the PUSCH.

[0153] Uplink PT-RS (which may be used by a base station for phase tracking and / or phase-noise compensation) may or may not be present depending on an RRC configuration of the UE. The presence and / or pattern of uplink PT-RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis by a combination of RRC signaling and / or one or more parameters employed for other purposes (e.g., Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)), which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamic presence of uplink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCI parameters comprising at least MCS. A radio network may support a plurality of uplink PT-RS densities defined in time / frequency domain. When present, a frequency domain density may be associated with at least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. The UE may assume a same precoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports may be fewer than a number of DMRS ports in a scheduled resource. For example, uplink PT-RS may be confined in the scheduled time / frequency duration for the UE.

[0154] SRS may be transmitted by a UE to a base station for channel state estimation to support uplink channel dependent scheduling and / or link adaptation. SRS transmitted by the UE may allow a base station to estimate an uplink channel state at one or more frequencies. A scheduler at the base station may employ the estimated uplink channel state to assign one or more resource blocks for an uplink PUSCH transmission from the UE. The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more SRS resource sets. For an SRS resource set, the base station may configure the UE with one or more SRS resources. An SRS resource set applicability may be configured by a higher layer (e.g., RRC) parameter. For example, when a higher layer parameter indicates beam management, an SRS resource in an SRS resource set of the one or more SRS resource sets (e.g., with the same / similar time domain behavior,Docket No.: 24-1246PCT periodic, aperiodic, and / or the like) may be transmitted at a time instant (e.g., simultaneously). The UE may transmit one or more SRS resources in SRS resource sets. An NR network may support aperiodic, periodic and / or semi-persistent SRS transmissions. The UE may transmit SRS resources based on one or more trigger types, wherein the one or more trigger types may comprise higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and / or one or more DCI formats. In an example, at least one DCI format may be employed for the UE to select at least one of one or more configured SRS resource sets. An SRS trigger type 0 may refer to an SRS triggered based on a higher layer signaling. An SRS trigger type 1 may refer to an SRS triggered based on one or more DCI formats. In an example, when RUSCH and SRS are transmitted in a same slot, the UE may be configured to transmit SRS after a transmission of a RUSCH and a corresponding uplink DMRS.

[0155] The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more SRS configuration parameters indicating at least one of following: a SRS resource configuration identifier; a number of SRS ports; time domain behavior of an SRS resource configuration (e.g., an indication of periodic, semi- persistent, or aperiodic SRS); slot, mini-slot, and / or subframe level periodicity; offset for a periodic and / or an aperiodic SRS resource; a number of OFDM symbols in an SRS resource; a starting OFDM symbol of an SRS resource; an SRS bandwidth; a frequency hopping bandwidth; a cyclic shift; and / or an SRS sequence ID.

[0156] An antenna port is defined such that the channel over which a symbol on the antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel over which another symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed. If a first symbol and a second symbol are transmitted on the same antenna port, the receiver may infer the channel (e.g., fading gain, multipath delay, and / or the like) for conveying the second symbol on the antenna port, from the channel for conveying the first symbol on the antenna port. A first antenna port and a second antenna port may be referred to as quasi co-located (QCLed) if one or more large-scale properties of the channel over which a first symbol on the first antenna port is conveyed may be inferred from the channel over which a second symbol on a second antenna port is conveyed. The one or more large-scale properties may comprise at least one of: a delay spread; a Doppler spread; a Doppler shift; an average gain; an average delay; and / or spatial Receiving (Rx) parameters.

[0157] Channels that use beamforming require beam management. Beam management may comprise beam measurement, beam selection, and beam indication. A beam may be associated with one or more reference signals. For example, a beam may be identified by one or more beamformed reference signals. The UE may perform downlink beam measurement based on downlink reference signals (e.g., a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)) and generate a beam measurement report. The UE may perform the downlink beam measurement procedure after an RRC connection is set up with a base station.

[0158] FIG. 11 B illustrates an example of channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) that are mapped in the time and frequency domains. A square shown in FIG. 11 B may span a resource block (RB)Docket No.: 24-1246PCT within a bandwidth of a cell. A base station may transmit one or more RRC messages comprising CSI-RS resource configuration parameters indicating one or more CSI-RSs. One or more of the following parameters may be configured by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC and / or MAC signaling) for a CSI-RS resource configuration: a CSI-RS resource configuration identity, a number of CSI-RS ports, a CSI-RS configuration (e.g., symbol and resource element (RE) locations in a subframe), a CSI-RS subframe configuration (e.g., subframe location, offset, and periodicity in a radio frame), a CSI-RS power parameter, a CSI-RS sequence parameter, a code division multiplexing (CDM) type parameter, a frequency density, a transmission comb, quasi co-location (QCL) parameters (e.g., QCL-scramblingidentity, crs-portscount, mbsfn-subframeconfiglist, csi-rs-configZPid, qcl-csi-rs-configNZPid), and / or other radio resource parameters.

[0159] The three beams illustrated in FIG. 11 B may be configured for a UE in a UE-specific configuration. Three beams are illustrated in FIG. 11 B (beam #1 , beam #2, and beam #3), more or fewer beams may be configured. Beam #1 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1101 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a first symbol. Beam #2 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1102 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a second symbol. Beam #3 may be allocated with CSI- RS 1103 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a third symbol. By using frequency division multiplexing (FDM), a base station may use other subcarriers in a same RB (for example, those that are not used to transmit CSI-RS 1101) to transmit another CSI-RS associated with a beam for another UE. By using time domain multiplexing (TDM), beams used for the UE may be configured such that beams for the UE use symbols from beams of other UEs.

[0160] CSI-RSs such as those illustrated in FIG. 11 B (e.g., CSI-RS 1101 , 1102, 1103) may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE for one or more measurements. For example, the UE may measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) of configured CSI-RS resources. The base station may configure the UE with a reporting configuration and the UE may report the RSRP measurements to a network (for example, via one or more base stations) based on the reporting configuration. In an example, the base station may determine, based on the reported measurement results, one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) states comprising a number of reference signals. In an example, the base station may indicate one or more TCI states to the UE (e.g., via RRC signaling, a MAC CE, and / or a DCI). The UE may receive a downlink transmission with a receive (Rx) beam determined based on the one or more TCI states. In an example, the UE may or may not have a capability of beam correspondence. If the UE has the capability of beam correspondence, the UE may determine a spatial domain filter of a transmit (Tx) beam based on a spatial domain filter of the corresponding Rx beam. If the UE does not have the capability of beam correspondence, the UE may perform an uplink beam selection procedure to determine the spatial domain filter of the Tx beam. The UE may perform the uplink beam selection procedure basedDocket No.: 24-1246PCT on one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources configured to the UE by the base station The base station may select and indicate uplink beams for the UE based on measurements of the one or more SRS resources transmitted by the UE.

[0161] In a beam management procedure, a UE may assess (e.g., measure) a channel quality of one or more beam pair links, a beam pair link comprising a transmitting beam transmitted by a base station and a receiving beam received by the UE. Based on the assessment, the UE may transmit a beam measurement report indicating one or more beam pair quality parameters comprising, e.g., one or more beam identifications (e.g., a beam index, a reference signal index, or the like), RSRP, a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), and / or a rank indicator (Rl).

[0162] FIG. 12A illustrates examples of three downlink beam management procedures: P1 , P2, and P3. Procedure P1 may enable a UE measurement on transmit (Tx) beams of a transmission reception point (TRP) (or multiple TRPs), e.g., to support a selection of one or more base station Tx beams and / or UE Rx beams (shown as ovals in the top row and bottom row, respectively, of P1). Beamforming at a TRP may comprise a Tx beam sweep for a set of beams (shown, in the top rows of P1 and P2, as ovals rotated in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Beamforming at a UE may comprise an Rx beam sweep for a set of beams (shown, in the bottom rows of P1 and P3, as ovals rotated in a clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure P2 may be used to enable a UE measurement on Tx beams of a TRP (shown, in the top row of P2, as ovals rotated in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). The UE and / or the base station may perform procedure P2 using a smaller set of beams than is used in procedure P1 , or using narrower beams than the beams used in procedure P1. This may be referred to as beam refinement. The UE may perform procedure P3 for Rx beam determination by using the same Tx beam at the base station and sweeping an Rx beam at the UE.

[0163] FIG. 12B illustrates examples of three uplink beam management procedures: U1 , U2, and U3. Procedure U1 may be used to enable a base station to perform a measurement on Tx beams of a UE, e.g., to support a selection of one or more UE Tx beams and / or base station Rx beams (shown as ovals in the top row and bottom row, respectively, of U 1 ). Beamforming at the UE may include, e.g., a Tx beam sweep from a set of beams (shown in the bottom rows of U1 and U3 as ovals rotated in a clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Beamforming at the base station may include, e.g., an Rx beam sweep from a set of beams (shown, in the top rows of U1 and U2, as ovals rotated in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure U2 may be used to enable the base station to adjust its Rx beam when the UE uses a fixed Tx beam. The UE and / or the base station may perform procedure U2 using a smaller set of beams than is used in procedure P1 , or using narrower beams than the beams used in procedure P1 . This may be referred to as beam refinement The UE may perform procedure U3 to adjust its Tx beam when the base station uses a fixed Rx beam.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0164] A UE may initiate a beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure based on detecting a beam failure. The UE may transmit a BFR request (e.g., a preamble, a UCI, an SR, a MAC CE, and / or the like) based on the initiating of the BFR procedure. The UE may detect the beam failure based on a determination that a quality of beam pair link(s) of an associated control channel is unsatisfactory (e.g., having an error rate higher than an error rate threshold, a received signal power lower than a received signal power threshold, an expiration of a timer, and / or the like).

[0165] The UE may measure a quality of a beam pair link using one or more reference signals (RSs) comprising one or more SS / PBCH blocks, one or more CSI-RS resources, and / or one or more demodulation reference signals (DMRSs). A quality of the beam pair link may be based on one or more of a block error rate (BLER), an RSRP value, a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, and / or a CSI value measured on RS resources. The base station may indicate that an RS resource is quasi co-located (QCLed) with one or more DM-RSs of a channel (e.g., a control channel, a shared data channel, and / or the like). The RS resource and the one or more DMRSs of the channel may be QCLed when the channel characteristics (e.g., Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial Rx parameter, fading, and / or the like) from a transmission via the RS resource to the UE are similar or the same as the channel characteristics from a transmission via the channel to the UE.

[0166] A network (e.g., a gNB and / or an ng-eNB of a network) and / or the UE may initiate a random access procedure. A UE in an RRCJDLE state and / or an RRCJNACTIVE state may initiate the random access procedure to request a connection setup to a network. The UE may initiate the random access procedure from an RRC_CONNECTED state. The UE may initiate the random access procedure to request uplink resources (e.g., for uplink transmission of an SR when there is no PUCCH resource available) and / or acquire uplink timing (e.g., when uplink synchronization status is non-synchronized). The UE may initiate the random access procedure to request one or more system information blocks (SIBs) (e.g , other system information such as SIB2, SIB3, and / or the like). The UE may initiate the random access procedure for a beam failure recovery request. A network may initiate a random access procedure for a handover and / or for establishing time alignment for an SCell addition.

[0167] FIG. 13A illustrates a four-step contention-based random access procedure. Prior to initiation of the procedure, a base station may transmit a configuration message 1310 to the UE. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13A comprises transmission of four messages: a Msg 1 1311, a Msg 2 1312, a Msg 3 1313, and a Msg 4 1314. The Msg 1 1311 may include and / or be referred to as a preamble (or a random access preamble). The Msg 2 1312 may include and / or be referred to as a random access response (RAR).

[0168] The configuration message 1310 may be transmitted, for example, using one or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages may indicate one or more random access channel (RACH)Docket No.: 24-1246PCT parameters to the UE. The one or more RACH parameters may comprise at least one of following: general parameters for one or more random access procedures (e.g., RACH-configGeneral)', cell-specific parameters (e.g., RACH-ConfigCommon),’ and / or dedicated parameters (e.g., RACH-configDedicated). The base station may broadcast or multicast the one or more RRC messages to one or more UEs. The one or more RRC messages may be UE-specific (e.g., dedicated RRC messages transmitted to a UE in an RRC_CONNECTED state and / or in an RRCJNACTIVE state). The UE may determine, based on the one or more RACH parameters, a time-frequency resource and / or an uplink transmit power for transmission of the Msg 1 1311 and / or the Msg 3 1313. Based on the one or more RACH parameters, the UE may determine a reception timing and a downlink channel for receiving the Msg 2 1312 and the Msg 4 1314.

[0169] The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310 may indicate one or more Physical RACH (PRACH) occasions available for transmission of the Msg 1 1311. The one or more PRACH occasions may be predefined. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more available sets of one or more PRACH occasions (e.g., prach-Configlndex). The one or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a) one or more PRACH occasions and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a) one or more preambles and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more reference signals may be SS / PBCH blocks and / or CSI-RSs. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate a number of SS / PBCH blocks mapped to a PRACH occasion and / or a number of preambles mapped to a SS / PBCH blocks.

[0170] The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310 may be used to determine an uplink transmit power of Msg 1 1311 and / or Msg 3 1313. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate a reference power for a preamble transmission (e.g., a received target power and / or an initial power of the preamble transmission). There may be one or more power offsets indicated by the one or more RACH parameters. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate: a power ramping step; a power offset between SSB and CSI-RS; a power offset between transmissions of the Msg 1 1311 and the Msg 3 1313; and / or a power offset value between preamble groups. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more thresholds based on which the UE may determine at least one reference signal (e g., an SSB and / or CSI-RS) and / or an uplink carrier (e.g., a normal uplink (NUL) carrier and / or a supplemental uplink (SUL) carrier).

[0171] The Msg 1 1311 may include one or more preamble transmissions (e.g., a preamble transmission and one or more preamble retransmissions). An RRC message may be used to configure one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and / or group B). A preamble group may comprise one or more preambles. The UE may determine the preamble group based on a pathloss measurement and / or a size of the Msg 3 1313. The UE may measure an RSRP of one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RSs) andDocket No.: 24-1246PCT determine at least one reference signal having an RSRP above an RSRP threshold (e.g., rsrp- ThresholdSSB and / or rsrp-ThresholdCSI-RS). The UE may select at least one preamble associated with the one or more reference signals and / or a selected preamble group, for example, if the association between the one or more preambles and the at least one reference signal is configured by an RRC message.

[0172] The UE may determine the preamble based on the one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310. For example, the UE may determine the preamble based on a pathloss measurement, an RSRP measurement, and / or a size of the Msg 3 1313. As another example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate: a preamble format; a maximum number of preamble transmissions; and / or one or more thresholds for determining one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and group B). A base station may use the one or more RACH parameters to configure the UE with an association between one or more preambles and one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RSs). If the association is configured, the UE may determine the preamble to include in Msg 1 1311 based on the association. The Msg 1 1311 may be transmitted to the base station via one or more PRACH occasions. The UE may use one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RSs) for selection of the preamble and for determining of the PRACH occasion. One or more RACH parameters (e.g., ra-ssb-OccasionMsklndex and / or ra-OccasionLisf) may indicate an association between the PRACH occasions and the one or more reference signals.

[0173] The UE may perform a preamble retransmission if no response is received following a preamble transmission. The UE may increase an uplink transmit power for the preamble retransmission. The UE may select an initial preamble transmit power based on a pathloss measurement and / or a target received preamble power configured by the network. The UE may determine to retransmit a preamble and may ramp up the uplink transmit power. The UE may receive one or more RACH parameters (e.g., PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP) indicating a ramping step for the preamble retransmission The ramping step may be an amount of incremental increase in uplink transmit power for a retransmission. The UE may ramp up the uplink transmit power if the UE determines a reference signal (e.g., SSB and / or CSI- RS) that is the same as a previous preamble transmission. The UE may count a number of preamble transmissions and / or retransmissions (e.g., PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER). The UE may determine that a random access procedure completed unsuccessfully, for example, if the number of preamble transmissions exceeds a threshold configured by the one or more RACH parameters (e.g., preambleTransMax) .

[0174] The Msg 2 1312 received by the UE may include an RAR. In some scenarios, the Msg 2 1312 may include multiple RARs corresponding to multiple UEs The Msg 2 1312 may be received after or in response to the transmitting of the Msg 1 1311. The Msg 2 1312 may be scheduled on the DL-SCH andDocket No.: 24-1246PCT indicated on a PDCCH using a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI). The Msg 2 1312 may indicate that the Msg 1 1311 was received by the base station. The Msg 2 1312 may include a time-alignment command that may be used by the UE to adjust the UE’s transmission timing, a scheduling grant for transmission of the Msg 3 1313, and / or a Temporary Cell RNTI (TC-RNTI). After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-Response'Window) to monitor a PDCCH for the Msg 2 1312. The UE may determine when to start the time window based on a PRACH occasion that the UE uses to transmit the preamble. For example, the UE may start the time window one or more symbols after a last symbol of the preamble (e.g., at a first PDCCH occasion from an end of a preamble transmission). The one or more symbols may be determined based on a numerology. The PDCCH may be in a common search space (e.g , a Typel-PDCCH common search space) configured by an RRC message. The UE may identify the RAR based on a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI). RNTIs may be used depending on one or more events initiating the random access procedure. The UE may use random access RNTI (RA-RNTI). The RA-RNTI may be associated with PRACH occasions in which the UE transmits a preamble. For example, the UE may determine the RA-RNTI based on: an OFDM symbol index; a slot index; a frequency domain index; and / or a UL carrier indicator of the PRACH occasions. An example of RA-RNTI may be as follows:

[0175] RA-RNTI= 1 + s_id + 14 x t_id + 14 x 80 x fjd + 14 x 80 x 8 x ul_carrier_id , where s_id may be an index of a first OFDM symbol of the PRACH occasion (e.g., 0 < sjd < 14), t_id may be an index of a first slot of the PRACH occasion in a system frame (e.g , 0 < t_id < 80), f_id may be an index of the PRACH occasion in the frequency domain (e.g., 0 f_id < 8), and ul_carrier_id may be a UL carrier used for a preamble transmission (e.g., 0 for an NUL carrier, and 1 for an SUL carrier).

[0176] The UE may transmit the Msg 3 1313 in response to a successful reception of the Msg 2 1312 (e.g., using resources identified in the Msg 2 1312). The Msg 3 1313 may be used for contention resolution in, for example, the contention-based random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13A. In some scenarios, a plurality of UEs may transmit a same preamble to a base station and the base station may provide an RAR that corresponds to a UE. Collisions may occur if the plurality of UEs interpret the RAR as corresponding to themselves. Contention resolution (e.g., using the Msg 3 1313 and the Msg 4 1314) may be used to increase the likelihood that the UE does not incorrectly use an identity of another the UE. To perform contention resolution, the UE may include a device identifier in the Msg 3 1313 (e.g., a C-RNTI if assigned, a TC-RNTI included in the Msg 2 1312, and / or any other suitable identifier).

[0177] The Msg 4 1314 may be received after or in response to the transmitting of the Msg 3 1313. If a C-RNTI was included in the Msg 3 1313, the base station will address the UE on the PDCCH using the C-RNTI. If the UE's unique C-RNTI is detected on the PDCCH, the random access procedure is determined to be successfully completed. If a TC-RNTI is included in the Msg 3 1313 (e.g., if the UE is inDocket No.: 24-1246PCT an RRCJDLE state or not otherwise connected to the base station), Msg 4 1314 will be received using a DL-SCH associated with the TC-RNTI. If a MAC PDU is successfully decoded and a MAC PDU comprises the UE contention resolution identity MAC CE that matches or otherwise corresponds with the CCCH SDU sent (e.g., transmitted) in Msg 3 1313, the UE may determine that the contention resolution is successful and / or the UE may determine that the random access procedure is successfully completed.

[0178] The UE may be configured with a supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier and a normal uplink (NUL) carrier. An initial access (e.g., random access procedure) may be supported in an uplink carrier. For example, a base station may configure the UE with two separate RACH configurations: one for an SUL carrier and the other for an NUL carrier. For random access in a cell configured with an SUL carrier, the network may indicate which carrier to use (NUL or SUL). The UE may determine the SUL carrier, for example, if a measured quality of one or more reference signals is lower than a broadcast threshold. Uplink transmissions of the random access procedure (e.g., the Msg 1 1311 and / or the Msg 3 1313) may remain on the selected carrier. The UE may switch an uplink carrier during the random access procedure (e.g., between the Msg 1 1311 and the Msg 3 1313) in one or more cases. For example, the UE may determine and / or switch an uplink carrier for the Msg 1 1311 and / or the Msg 3 1313 based on a channel clear assessment (e.g., a listen-before-talk).

[0179] FIG. 13B illustrates a two-step contention-free random access procedure. Similar to the four-step contention-based random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13A, a base station may, prior to initiation of the procedure, transmit a configuration message 1320 to the UE. The configuration message 1320 may be analogous in some respects to the configuration message 1310. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13B comprises transmission of two messages: a Msg 1 1321 and a Msg 2 1322. The Msg 1 1321 and the Msg 2 1322 may be analogous in some respects to the Msg 1 1311 and a Msg 2 1312 illustrated in FIG. 13A, respectively. As will be understood from FIGS. 13A and 13B, the contention-free random access procedure may not include messages analogous to the Msg 3 1313 and / or the Msg 4 1314.

[0180] The contention-free random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13B may be initiated for a beam failure recovery, other SI request, SCell addition, and / or handover. For example, a base station may indicate or assign to the UE the preamble to be used for the Msg 1 1321 . The UE may receive, from the base station via PDCCH and / or RRC, an indication of a preamble (e g., ra-Preamblelndex).

[0181] After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a PDCCH for the RAR. In the event of a beam failure recovery request, the base station may configure the UE with a separate time window and / or a separate PDCCH in a search space indicated by an RRC message (e.g., recovery SearchSpaceld). The UE may monitor for a PDCCH transmission addressed to a Cell RNTI (C-RNTI) on the search space. In the contention-free random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13B, the UE may determine that a random access procedure successfully completes after or inDocket No.: 24-1246PCT response to transmission of Msg 1 1321 and reception of a corresponding Msg 2 1322. The UE may determine that a random access procedure successfully completes, for example, if a PDCCH transmission is addressed to a C-RNTI. The UE may determine that a random access procedure successfully completes, for example, if the UE receives an RAR comprising a preamble identifier corresponding to a preamble transmitted by the UE and / or the RAR comprises a MAC sub-PDU with the preamble identifier. The UE may determine the response as an indication of an acknowledgement for an SI request.

[0182] FIG. 13C illustrates another two-step random access procedure. Similar to the random access procedures illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B, a base station may, prior to initiation of the procedure, transmit a configuration message 1330 to the UE. The configuration message 1330 may be analogous in some respects to the configuration message 1310 and / or the configuration message 1320. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13C comprises transmission of two messages: a Msg A 1331 and a Msg B 1332.

[0183] Msg A 1331 may be transmitted in an uplink transmission by the UE. Msg A 1331 may comprise one or more transmissions of a preamble 1341 and / or one or more transmissions of a transport block 1342. The transport block 1342 may comprise contents that are similar and / or equivalent to the contents of the Msg 3 1313 illustrated in FIG. 13A. The transport block 1342 may comprise UCI (e.g., an SR, a HARQ ACK / NACK, and / or the like). The UE may receive the Msg B 1332 after or in response to transmitting the Msg A 1331. The Msg B 1332 may comprise contents that are similar and / or equivalent to the contents of the Msg 2 1312 (e.g., an RAR) illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B and / or the Msg 4 1314 illustrated in FIG. 13A.

[0184] The UE may initiate the two-step random access procedure in FIG. 13C for licensed spectrum and / or unlicensed spectrum. The UE may determine, based on one or more factors, whether to initiate the two-step random access procedure. The one or more factors may be: a radio access technology in use (e.g., LTE, NR, and / or the like); whether the UE has valid TA or not; a cell size; the UE’s RRC state; a type of spectrum (e g., licensed vs unlicensed); and / or any other suitable factors.

[0185] The UE may determine, based on two-step RACH parameters included in the configuration message 1330, a radio resource and / or an uplink transmit power for the preamble 1341 and / or the transport block 1342 included in the Msg A 1331. The RACH parameters may indicate a modulation and coding schemes (MCS), a time-frequency resource, and / or a power control for the preamble 1341 and / or the transport block 1342. A time-frequency resource for transmission of the preamble 1341 (e.g., a PRACH) and a time-frequency resource for transmission of the transport block 1342 (e.g., a PUSCH) may be multiplexed using FDM, TDM, and / or CDM. The RACH parameters may enable the UE to determine a reception timing and a downlink channel for monitoring for and / or receiving Msg B 1332.

[0186] The transport block 1342 may comprise data (e.g., delay-sensitive data), an identifier of the UE, security information, and / or device information (e.g., an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)).Docket No.: 24-1246PCTThe base station may transmit the Msg B 1332 as a response to the Msg A 1331 . The Msg B 1332 may comprise at least one of following: a preamble identifier; a timing advance command; a power control command; an uplink grant (e.g., a radio resource assignment and / or an MCS); a UE identifier for contention resolution; and / or an RNTI (e.g., a C-RNTI or a TC-RNTI). The UE may determine that the two-step random access procedure is successfully completed if: a preamble identifier in the Msg B 1332 is matched to a preamble transmitted by the UE; and / or the identifier of the UE in Msg B 1332 is matched to the identifier of the UE in the Msg A 1331 (e.g., the transport block 1342).

[0187] A UE and a base station may exchange control signaling. The control signaling may be referred to as L1 / L2 control signaling and may originate from the PHY layer (e.g., layer 1) and / or the MAC layer (e.g., layer 2). The control signaling may comprise downlink control signaling transmitted from the base station to the UE and / or uplink control signaling transmitted from the UE to the base station.

[0188] The downlink control signaling may comprise: a downlink scheduling assignment; an uplink scheduling grant indicating uplink radio resources and / or a transport format; a slot format information; a preemption indication; a power control command; and / or any other suitable signaling. The UE may receive the downlink control signaling in a payload transmitted by the base station on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). The payload transmitted on the PDCCH may be referred to as downlink control information (DCI). In some scenarios, the PDCCH may be a group common PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) that is common to a group of UEs.

[0189] A base station may attach one or more cyclic redundancy check (CRC) parity bits to a DCI in order to facilitate detection of transmission errors. When the DCI is intended for a UE (or a group of the UEs), the base station may scramble the CRC parity bits with an identifier of the UE (or an identifier of the group of the UEs). Scrambling the CRC parity bits with the identifier may comprise Modulo-2 addition (or an exclusive OR operation) of the identifier value and the CRC parity bits. The identifier may comprise a 16-bit value of a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI).

[0190] DCIs may be used for different purposes. A purpose may be indicated by the type of RNTI used to scramble the CRC parity bits. For example, a DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a paging RNTI (P- RNTI) may indicate paging information and / or a system information change notification. The P-RNTI may be predefined as “FFFE'' in hexadecimal. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a system information RNTI (SI-RNTI) may indicate a broadcast transmission of the system information. The SI-RNTI may be predefined as “FFFF” in hexadecimal. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI) may indicate a random access response (RAR). A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) may indicate a dynamically scheduled unicast transmission and / or a triggering of PDCCH-ordered random access. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a temporary cell RNTI (TC-RNTI) may indicate a contention resolution (e.g., a Msg 3 analogous to the Msg 3 1313Docket No.: 24-1246PCT illustrated in FIG. 13A). Other RNTIs configured to the UE by a base station may comprise a Configured Scheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-PUCCH RNTI (TPC-PUCCH-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-PUSCH RNTI (TPC-PUSCH-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-SRS RNTI (TPC-SRS-RNTI), an Interruption RNTI (INT-RNTI), a Slot Format Indication RNTI (SFI-RNTI), a Semi-Persistent CSI RNTI (SP-CSI-RNTI), a Modulation and Coding Scheme Cell RNTI (MCS-C-RNTI), and / or the like.

[0191] Depending on the purpose and / or content of a DCI, the base station may transmit the DCIs with one or more DCI formats. For example, DCI format 0_0 may be used for scheduling of PUSCH in a cell. DCI format 0_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with compact DCI payloads). DCI format 0_1 may be used for scheduling of PUSCH in a cell (e.g., with more DCI payloads than DCI format 0_0). DCI format 1_0 may be used for scheduling of PDSCH in a cell. DCI format 1_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with compact DCI payloads). DCI format 1_1 may be used for scheduling of PDSCH in a cell (e.g., with more DCI payloads than DCI format 1 _0) . DCI format 2_0 may be used for providing a slot format indication to a group of UEs. DCI format 2_1 may be used for notifying a group of UEs of a physical resource block and / or OFDM symbol where the UE may assume no transmission is intended to the UE. DCI format 2_2 may be used for transmission of a transmit power control (TPC) command for PUCCH or PUSCH. DCI format 2_3 may be used for transmission of a group of TPC commands for SRS transmissions by one or more UEs. DCI format(s) for new functions may be defined in future releases. DCI formats may have different DCI sizes, or may share the same DCI size.

[0192] After scrambling a DCI with a RNTI, the base station may process the DCI with channel coding (e.g., polar coding), rate matching, scrambling and / or QPSK modulation. A base station may map the coded and modulated DCI on resource elements used and / or configured for a PDCCH. Based on a payload size of the DCI and / or a coverage of the base station, the base station may transmit the DCI via a PDCCH occupying a number of contiguous control channel elements (CCEs). The number of the contiguous CCEs (referred to as aggregation level) may be 1 , 2, 4, 8, 16, and / or any other suitable number. A CCE may comprise a number (e.g., 6) of resource-element groups (REGs). A REG may comprise a resource block in an OFDM symbol. The mapping of the coded and modulated DCI on the resource elements may be based on mapping of CCEs and REGs (e.g., CCE-to-REG mapping).

[0193] FIG. 14A illustrates an example of CORESET configurations for a bandwidth part. The base station may transmit a DCI via a PDCCH on one or more control resource sets (CORESETs). A CORESET may comprise a time-frequency resource in which the UE tries to decode a DCI using one or more search spaces. The base station may configure a CORESET in the time-frequency domain. In the example of FIG. 14A, a first CORESET 1401 and a second CORESET 1402 occur at the first symbol in a slot. The first CORESET 1401 overlaps with the second CORESET 1402 in the frequency domain. A third CORESETDocket No.: 24-1246PCT1403 occurs at a third symbol in the slot. A fourth CORESET 1404 occurs at the seventh symbol in the slot CORESETs may have a different number of resource blocks in frequency domain.

[0194] FIG. 14B illustrates an example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing. The CCE-to-REG mapping may be an interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purpose of providing frequency diversity) or a non-interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purposes of facilitating interference coordination and / or frequency-selective transmission of control channels). The base station may perform different or same CCE-to-REG mapping on different CORESETs. A CORESET may be associated with a CCE-to-REG mapping by RRC configuration. A CORESET may be configured with an antenna port quasi co-location (QCL) parameter. The antenna port QCL parameter may indicate QCL information of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for PDCCH reception in the CORESET.

[0195] The base station may transmit, to the UE, RRC messages comprising configuration parameters of one or more CORESETs and one or more search space sets. The configuration parameters may indicate an association between a search space set and a CORESET. A search space set may comprise a set of PDCCH candidates formed by CCEs at a given aggregation level. The configuration parameters may indicate: a number of PDCCH candidates to be monitored per aggregation level; a PDCCH monitoring periodicity and a PDCCH monitoring pattern; one or more DCI formats to be monitored by the UE; and / or whether a search space set is a common search space set or a UE-specific search space set. A set of CCEs in the common search space set may be predefined and known to the UE. A set of CCEs in the UE- specific search space set may be configured based on the UE's identity (e.g., C-RNTI).

[0196] As shown in FIG. 14B, the UE may determine a time-frequency resource for a CORESET based on RRC messages. The UE may determine a CCE-to-REG mapping (e.g., interleaved or non-interleaved, and / or mapping parameters) for the CORESET based on configuration parameters of the CORESET. The UE may determine a number (e.g., at most 10) of search space sets configured on the CORESET based on the RRC messages. The UE may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates according to configuration parameters of a search space set. The UE may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs for detecting one or more DCIs. Monitoring may comprise decoding one or more PDCCH candidates of the set of the PDCCH candidates according to the monitored DCI formats. Monitoring may comprise decoding a DCI content of one or more PDCCH candidates with possible (or configured) PDCCH locations, possible (or configured) PDCCH formats (e.g., number of CCEs, number of PDCCH candidates in common search spaces, and / or number of PDCCH candidates in the UE-specific search spaces) and possible (or configured) DCI formats. The decoding may be referred to as blind decoding. The UE may determine a DCI as valid for the UE, in response to CRC checking (e.g., scrambled bits for CRC parity bits of the DCI matching a RNTI value). The UE may process information contained in the DCI (e.g., aDocket No.: 24-1246PCT scheduling assignment, an uplink grant, power control, a slot format indication, a downlink preemption, and / or the like).

[0197] The UE may transmit uplink control signaling (e.g., uplink control information (UCI)) to a base station. The uplink control signaling may comprise hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements for received DL-SCH transport blocks. The UE may transmit the HARQ acknowledgements after receiving a DL-SCH transport block. Uplink control signaling may comprise channel state information (CSI) indicating channel quality of a physical downlink channel. The UE may transmit the CSI to the base station. The base station, based on the received CSI, may determine transmission format parameters (e.g., comprising multi-antenna and beamforming schemes) for a downlink transmission. Uplink control signaling may comprise scheduling requests (SR). The UE may transmit an SR indicating that uplink data is available for transmission to the base station. The UE may transmit a UCI (e.g., HARQ acknowledgements (HARQ-ACK), CSI report, SR, and the like) via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The UE may transmit the uplink control signaling via a PUCCH using one of several PUCCH formats.

[0198] There may be five PUCCH formats and the UE may determine a PUCCH format based on a size of the UCI (e.g., a number of uplink symbols of UCI transmission and a number of UCI bits). PUCCH format 0 may have a length of one or two OFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. The UE may transmit UCI in a PUCCH resource using PUCCH format 0 if the transmission is over one or two symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK information bits with positive or negative SR (HARQ-ACK / SR bits) is one or two. PUCCH format 1 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 1 if the transmission is four or more symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK / SR bits is one or two. PUCCH format 2 may occupy one or two OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 2 if the transmission is over one or two symbols and the number of UCI bits is two or more. PUCCH format 3 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 3 if the transmission is four or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more and PUCCH resource does not include an orthogonal cover code. PUCCH format 4 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 4 if the transmission is four or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more and the PUCCH resource includes an orthogonal cover code.

[0199] The base station may transmit configuration parameters to the UE for a plurality of PUCCH resource sets using, for example, an RRC message. The plurality of PUCCH resource sets (e.g., up to four sets) may be configured on an uplink BWP of a cell. A PUCCH resource set may be configured with a PUCCH resource set index, a plurality of PUCCH resources with a PUCCH resource being identified by aDocket No.: 24-1246PCTPUCCH resource identifier (e.g., pucch-Resourceid), and / or a number (e.g., a maximum number) of UCI information bits the UE may transmit using one of the plurality of PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. When configured with a plurality of PUCCH resource sets, the UE may select one of the plurality of PUCCH resource sets based on a total bit length of the UCI information bits (e.g., HARQ-ACK, SR, and / or CSI). If the total bit length of UCI information bits is two or fewer, the UE may select a first PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to "0”. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than two and less than or equal to a first configured value, the UE may select a second PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “1". If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than the first configured value and less than or equal to a second configured value, the UE may select a third PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “2”. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than the second configured value and less than or equal to a third value (e.g., 1406), the UE may select a fourth PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “3”.

[0200] After determining a PUCCH resource set from a plurality of PUCCH resource sets, the UE may determine a PUCCH resource from the PUCCH resource set for UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR) transmission. The UE may determine the PUCCH resource based on a PUCCH resource indicator in a DCI (e.g., with a DCI format 1_0 or DCI for 1_1) received on a PDCCH. A three-bit PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI may indicate one of eight PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. Based on the PUCCH resource indicator, the UE may transmit the UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI and / or SR) using a PUCCH resource indicated by the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI.

[0201] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless device 1502 in communication with a base station 1504 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless device 1502 and base station 1504 may be part of a mobile communication network, such as the mobile communication network 100 illustrated in FIG. 1A, the mobile communication network 150 illustrated in FIG. 1 B, or any other communication network. Only one wireless device 1502 and one base station 1504 are illustrated in FIG. 15, but it will be understood that a mobile communication network may include more than one UE and / or more than one base station, with the same or similar configuration as those shown in FIG. 15.

[0202] The base station 1504 may connect the wireless device 1502 to a core network (not shown) through radio communications over the air interface (or radio interface) 1506. The communication direction from the base station 1504 to the wireless device 1502 over the air interface 1506 is known as the downlink, and the communication direction from the wireless device 1502 to the base station 1504 over the air interface is known as the uplink. Downlink transmissions may be separated from uplink transmissions using FDD, TDD, and / or some combination of the two duplexing techniques.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0203] In the downlink, data to be sent to the wireless device 1502 from the base station 1504 may be provided to the processing system 1508 of the base station 1504. The data may be provided to the processing system 1508 by, for example, a core network. In the uplink, data to be sent to the base station 1504 from the wireless device 1502 may be provided to the processing system 1518 of the wireless device 1502. The processing system 1508 and the processing system 1518 may implement layer 3 and layer 2 OSI functionality to process the data for transmission. Layer 2 may include an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, and a MAC layer, for example, with respect to FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4A. Layer 3 may include an RRC layer as with respect to FIG. 2B.

[0204] After being processed by processing system 1508, the data to be sent to the wireless device 1502 may be provided to a transmission processing system 1510 of base station 1504. Similarly, after being processed by the processing system 1518, the data to be sent to base station 1504 may be provided to a transmission processing system 1520 of the wireless device 1502. The transmission processing system 1510 and the transmission processing system 1520 may implement layer 1 OSI functionality. Layer 1 may include a PHY layer with respect to FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4A. For transmit processing, the PHY layer may perform, for example, forward error correction coding of transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping of transport channels to physical channels, modulation of physical channel, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) or multi-antenna processing, and / or the like.

[0205] At the base station 1504, a reception processing system 1512 may receive the uplink transmission from the wireless device 1502. At the wireless device 1502, a reception processing system 1522 may receive the downlink transmission from base station 1504. The reception processing system 1512 and the reception processing system 1522 may implement layer 1 OSI functionality. Layer 1 may include a PHY layer with respect to FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4A. For receive processing, the PHY layer may perform, for example, error detection, forward error correction decoding, deinterleaving, demapping of transport channels to physical channels, demodulation of physical channels, MIMO or multi-antenna processing, and / or the like.

[0206] As shown in FIG. 15, a wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 may include multiple antennas. The multiple antennas may be used to perform one or more MIMO or multi-antenna techniques, such as spatial multiplexing (e.g., single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO), transmit / receive diversity, and / or beamforming. In other examples, the wireless device 1502 and / or the base station 1504 may have a single antenna.

[0207] The processing system 1508 and the processing system 1518 may be associated with a memory 1514 and a memory 1524, respectively. Memory 1514 and memory 1524 (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer readable mediums) may store computer program instructions or code that may be executed by the processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 to carry out one or more of theDocket No.: 24-1246PCT functionalities discussed in the present application. Although not shown in FIG. 15, the transmission processing system 1510, the transmission processing system 1520, the reception processing system 1512, and / or the reception processing system 1522 may be coupled to a memory (e.g., one or more non- transitory computer readable mediums) storing computer program instructions or code that may be executed to carry out one or more of their respective functionalities.

[0208] The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may comprise one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. The one or more controllers and / or one or more processors may comprise, for example, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and / or other programmable logic device, discrete gate and / or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, an onboard unit, or any combination thereof. The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may perform at least one of signal coding / processing, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that may enable the wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 to operate in a wireless environment.

[0209] The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may be connected to one or more peripherals 1516 and one or more peripherals 1526, respectively. The one or more peripherals 1516 and the one or more peripherals 1526 may include software and / or hardware that provide features and / or functionalities, for example, a speaker, a microphone, a keypad, a display, a touchpad, a power source, a satellite transceiver, a universal serial bus (USB) port, a hands-free headset, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a media player, an Internet browser, an electronic control unit (e.g., for a motor vehicle), and / or one or more sensors (e.g., an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a temperature sensor, a radar sensor, a lidar sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a camera, and / or the like). The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may receive user input data from and / or provide user output data to the one or more peripherals 1516 and / or the one or more peripherals 1526 The processing system 1518 in the wireless device 1502 may receive power from a power source and / or may be configured to distribute the power to the other components in the wireless device 1502. The power source may comprise one or more sources of power, for example, a battery, a solar cell, a fuel cell, or any combination thereof. The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may be connected to a GPS chipset 1517 and a GPS chipset 1527, respectively. The GPS chipset 1517 and the GPS chipset 1527 may be configured to provide geographic location information of the wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504, respectively.

[0210] FIG. 16A illustrates an example structure for uplink transmission. A baseband signal representing a physical uplink shared channel may perform one or more functions. The one or more functions may comprise at least one of: scrambling; modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued symbols;Docket No.: 24-1246PCT mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmission layers; transform precoding to generate complex-valued symbols; precoding of the complex-valued symbols; mapping of precoded complex-valued symbols to resource elements; generation of complex-valued time-domain Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) or CP-OFDM signal for an antenna port; and / or the like. In an example, when transform precoding is enabled, a SC-FDMA signal for uplink transmission may be generated. In an example, when transform precoding is not enabled, a CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmission may be generated by FIG. 16A. These functions are illustrated as examples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in various embodiments.

[0211] FIG. 16B illustrates an example structure for modulation and up-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency The baseband signal may be a complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port and / or a complex-valued Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) baseband signal. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

[0212] FIG. 16C illustrates an example structure for downlink transmissions. A baseband signal representing a physical downlink channel may perform one or more functions. The one or more functions may comprise: scrambling of coded bits in a codeword to be transmitted on a physical channel; modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulation symbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmission layers; precoding of the complex-valued modulation symbols on a layer for transmission on the antenna ports; mapping of complex-valued modulation symbols for an antenna port to resource elements; generation of complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for an antenna port; and / or the like. These functions are illustrated as examples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in various embodiments.

[0213] FIG. 16D illustrates another example structure for modulation and up-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The baseband signal may be a complex-valued OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

[0214] A wireless device may receive from a base station one or more messages (e.g., RRC messages) comprising configuration parameters of a plurality of cells (e.g., primary cell, secondary cell). The wireless device may communicate with at least one base station (e.g., two or more base stations in dual connectivity) via the plurality of cells The one or more messages (e.g., as a part of the configuration parameters) may comprise parameters of physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers for configuring the wireless device. For example, the configuration parameters may comprise parameters for configuring physical and MAC layer channels, bearers, etc. For example, the configuration parameters may comprise parameters indicating values of timers for physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers, and / or communication channels.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0215] A timer may begin running once it is started and continue running until it is stopped or until it expires. A timer may be started if it is not running or restarted if it is running. A timer may be associated with a value (e.g., the timer may be started or restarted from a value or may be started from zero and expire once it reaches the value). The duration of a timer may not be updated until the timer is stopped or expires (e.g., due to BWP switching). A timer may be used to measure a time period / window for a process. When the specification refers to an implementation and procedure related to one or more timers, it will be understood that there are multiple ways to implement the one or more timers. For example, it will be understood that one or more of the multiple ways to implement a timer may be used to measure a time period / window for the procedure. For example, a random access response window timer may be used for measuring a window of time for receiving a random access response. In an example, instead of starting and expiry (or expiration) of a random access response window timer, the time difference between two time stamps may be used. When a timer is restarted, a process for measurement of time window may be restarted. Other example implementations may be provided to restart a measurement of a time window.

[0216] A wireless device may use a measurement procedure for obtaining a measurement. In an example, using the measurement procedure may also be referred to as applying the measurement procedure. In an example, obtaining a measurement may also be referred to as performing the measurement. In an example, the measurement procedure may comprise performing a measurement based on a signal. In an example, the measurement procedure in a wireless device may comprise performing a measurement based on a signal transmitted and / or received by the wireless device.

[0217] In an example, the signal may be a physical signal. For example, a physical signal may not include higher layer information (e.g., user and / or control data). An example of a physical signal is a reference signal. In another example, a signal may be referred to as a channel. For example, a channel may include (or carry) higher layer information (e.g., user and / or control data). A channel may be a data channel and / or a control channel. A channel may be an uplink channel and / or a downlink channel.

[0218] In an example, an uplink channel may also be referred to as an uplink physical channel. In an example, the downlink channel may also be referred to as a downlink physical channel. In an example, a downlink physical channel (or a downlink channel) may be a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), etc. In an example, an uplink physical channel (or an uplink channel) may be a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), etc.

[0219] A wireless device may transmit and / or receive a signal (e.g., a reference signal, a channel, etc.) in a cell. The cell may be associated with a base station. The cell may be a serving cell or a non-serving cell of the wireless device. The serving cell may also be referred to as a special cell (spCell), a primary cellDocket No.: 24-1246PCT(PCell), a secondary cell (SCell), or a primary secondary cell (PSCell). The non-serving cell may also be referred to as a neighboring cell or a neighbor cell.

[0220] A PSCell or an SCell may be activated or deactivated. For example, a PCell may activate or deactivate a PSCell and / or an SCell. In another example, a PSCell may activate or deactivate an SCell. For example, a PSCell and / or an SCell may be deactivated for saving power of a wireless device. A PSCell while being activated may also be referred to as an activated PSCell. A PSCell while being deactivated may also be referred to as a deactivated PSCell. An SCell while being activated may also be referred to as an activated SCell. An SCell while being deactivated may also be referred to as a deactivated SCell.

[0221] In an example, a wireless device may receive, from a base station, a message, e.g . , an RRC, a MAC-CE, or a DCI command. The message may be associated with an activation (an activation status or state) or a deactivation (or deactivation status or state) of a PSCell and / or and SCell. The wireless device may activate or deactivate the PSCell and / or the SCell based on the message. The wireless device may communicate on a PSCell while the PSCell is activated. The wireless device may not communicate (or may interrupt communications) on a PSCell while the PSCell is deactivated. The wireless device may communicate on an SCell while the SCell is activated. The wireless device may not communicate (or may interrupt communications) on an SCell while the SCell is deactivated.

[0222] A wireless device may be configured with two or more carrier frequencies (or serving carrier frequencies), e.g., in a multicarrier operation. The multicarrier operation may include a carrier aggregation (CA), a dual connectivity (DC), a multi-connectivity, etc. A CA may include a primary component carrier (PCC) and one or more secondary component carriers (SCC). A PCC may be referred to as a carrier frequency of a PCell. The PCC may be associated with (or may comprise) a PCell and one or more neighbor cells (e.g. non-serving cells). An SCC may be referred to as a carrier frequency of an SCell. The SCC may be associated with (or may comprise) an SCell and one or more neighbor cells.

[0223] A dual connectivity may include two or more cell groups (CGs). A CG may be a master cell group (MCG) or a secondary cell group (SCG). A dual connectivity may include an MCG and a SCG. In an example, the one or more carrier frequencies may belong to, or may be associated with a CG (e.g., a MCG, SCG, etc.). An MCG includes at least one carrier frequency, e.g., a PCC. The MCG may also include one or more SCCs. An SCG includes at least one carrier frequency, e.g., a primary secondary component carrier (PSCC) or a primary secondary carrier (PSC). The SCG may also include one or more SCCs. A PSCC may also be referred to as a carrier frequency of a PSCell. The PSCC may be associated with (or may comprise) a PSCell and one or more neighbor cells.

[0224] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a measurement 1700, over a measurement time 1702, of one or more samples 1704 per an aspect of the present disclosureDocket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0225] In the example of FIG. 17, a wireless device may perform measurement 1700 based on a reference signal. The reference signal may be an uplink reference signal (UL RS), and / or a downlink reference signal (DL RS). For example, the wireless device may obtain one or more samples 1704 based on the reference signal. For example, the wireless device may obtain each one of the one or more samples 1704 by measuring the reference signal. In an example, the wireless device may obtain one or more samples 1704 periodically, e.g., once every 40 ms, etc.

[0226] In an example, the periodicity of obtaining one or more samples 1704 may correspond to a periodicity of the UL RS (e.g., a periodicity of a sounding reference signal (SRS)), and / or a periodicity of the DL RS (e.g., a periodicity of an synchronization signal (SS)Zphysical broadcast channel (PBCH) block (SSB), a positioning reference signal (PRS), an SS / PBCH Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) period, a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource periodicity, a PRS resource set periodicity, a channel state indicator-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource periodicity, etc.). A node (e.g., a base station, a location server, a transmission reception point (TRP), etc.) may configure the wireless device with an UL RS and / or a DL RS using a reference signal configuration (e.g., via a radio resource control (RRC) message, an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) message, etc.). The reference signal configuration may comprise one or more parameters, e.g., a reference signal index or identifier, a reference signal duration or occasion or window, a reference signal periodicity, a time offset, etc. The wireless device may transmit the UL RS.

[0227] The node (e.g., a base station) may further configure the wireless device with a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle via RRC, e.g., to reduce power consumption of the wireless device. For example, the wireless device may transmit the UL RS based on the DRX cycle. In an example, the wireless device may transmit the UL RS once every DRX cycle. In an example, the wireless device may obtain sample 1704 based on the DRX cycle. For example, the wireless device may obtain sample 1704 once every H1 TTdrx, where Tdrx is a length of the DRX cycle. In an example, H11=1. In another example, H11 > 1 , e.g., H11 =4.

[0228] The wireless device may obtain each sample, of the one or more samples 1704 over at least one time-frequency resource comprising the reference signal. For example, the time-frequency resource may comprise a duration of the reference signal and a bandwidth of the reference signal. In an example, the time-frequency resource may comprise one or more resource elements, e.g., one or more subcarriers within a symbol. In an example, the time-frequency resource may comprise one or more resource blocks within a slot. A resource block (RB) may also be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a virtual resource block (VRB), a channel, or a time-frequency channel.

[0229] As illustrated in the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may obtain, determine, estimate, or calculate measurement 1700 over measurement time 1702 based on the obtained one or more samples 1704. Measurement time 1702 may also be referred to as a measurement period, a physical layer (L1)Docket No.: 24-1246PCT measurement period, a cell identified period, a measurement window, a measurement time window, a physical layer measurement period, a positioning measurement period, an evaluation period, an observation time, a calculation time, or an estimation time. For example, the wireless device may obtain measurement 1700 by combining two or more samples, of the one or more samples 1704, over measurement time 1702.

[0230] In an example, measurement time 1702 may be a requirement. In an example, the requirement may be pre-defined. In another example, the wireless device may determine the requirement based on one or more parameters (e.g., one or more scaling factors). In an example, the one or more parameters may be pre-defined. In another example, the wireless device may receive from a node (e.g., a base station), the one or more parameters, e.g., via an RRC message. The requirement may also be referred to as (or associated with or part of or belong to) a measurement requirement, a radio resource management (RRM) requirement, a mobility measurement requirement, a positioning measurement requirement. The wireless device may fulfill (or meet) the requirement.

[0231] In an example, the wireless device may combine two or more samples, of the one or more samples 1704, over measurement time 1702 based on a function. The function may also be referred to as an operation or a relation. Examples of the function may be a sum, an average (or a mean), a weighted average, a median, a product, a ratio, an X11thpercentile, ceiling, floor, etc. Examples of X11 are 90thpercentile, 95thpercentile, etc.

[0232] In the example of FIG. 17, in an example, measurement time 1702 may correspond to a duration over which the node may obtain one or more samples 1704. For example, measurement time 1702 may be 200 ms based on five samples, of the one or more samples 1704. Each one of the five samples may be obtained with a periodicity of 40 ms. In another example, measurement time 1702 may further include a processing time, e.g., for combining the samples, of the one or more samples 1704. The processing time may also be referred to as a margin (or an allowance or a compensation), an impairment margin, or an implementation margin. For example, measurement time 1702 may be 250 ms based on the five samples, of the one or more samples 1704, each having a periodicity of 40 ms and measurement time 1702 comprising the processing time of 50 ms.

[0233] In the example of FIG. 17, the wireless device may perform measurement 1700 over measurement time 1702 with a certain measurement accuracy. An example of the measurement accuracy of measurement 1700 over measurement time 1702 may be ± X12 dB (e.g., ± 3 dB) compared to an ideal signal measurement. Another example of the measurement accuracy of measurement 1700 over measurement time 1702 may be ± X13 ns (e.g., ± 100 ns) compared to an ideal timing measurement. The measurement accuracy of measurement 1700 may depend on (or impacted by) one or more conditions.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0234] In an example, a condition may comprise a speed of the wireless device. In an example, a condition may comprise a speed range of the wireless device. In another example, a condition may comprise one or more radio channel characteristics. In an example a radio channel characteristic may comprise a Doppler frequency. In an example a radio channel characteristic may comprise a Doppler spectrum or a Doppler spread. In an example a radio channel characteristic may comprise a channel delay spread. In an example a radio channel characteristic may comprise a channel coherence time. The ideal signal measurement, or the ideal timing measurement, may also be referred to as a baseline measurement or a perfect measurement. The ideal signal measurement, or the ideal timing measurement may not include estimation errors, or impairments associated with the wireless device. Examples of the estimation errors, or impairments, are channel estimation errors, computational errors (e.g., when combining two or more samples, of the one or more samples 1704), etc.

[0235] A measurement (e.g., measurement 1700) may be an intra-frequency measurement, an interfrequency measurement, or an inter-radio access technology (RAT) measurement. In an example, the intra-frequency measurement may be associated with one or more cells of an intra-frequency carrier. The intra-frequency carrier may also be referred to as a serving carrier frequency (e.g., a PCC, a PSCC, or an SCC) of a wireless device. In an example, the inter-frequency measurement may be associated with one or more cells of an inter-frequency carrier. The inter-frequency carrier may also be referred to as a nonserving carrier frequency of a wireless device.

[0236] In an example, the inter-RAT measurement may be associated with one or more cells of an inter- RAT carrier. For example, a serving carrier of a wireless device may be associated with (or belong to) a first RAT. In this example, the inter-RAT carrier may be associated with a second RAT. In an example, the first RAT may be a next generation radio (NR) and the second RAT may be a long term evolution (LTE). In another example, the first RAT may be LTE and the second RAT may be NR. In an example, the inter-RAT carrier may also be referred to as a non-serving carrier frequency of a wireless device. In another example, the inter-RAT carrier may also be referred to as a serving carrier frequency (of the second RAT, e.g., in dual connectivity) of a wireless device.

[0237] A measurement (e.g., measurement 1700) may be related to (or performed for) a procedure. Examples of the procedure may be a mobility procedure, a positioning procedure, a radio link procedure, an interference management procedure, a self-organizing network (SON) procedure (or a SON function), etc. The mobility procedure may also be referred to as a layer 3 (L3) mobility procedure or an L1-L2 triggered mobility (LTM) procedure. The positioning procedure may also be referred to as a positioning measurement procedure. The radio link procedure may also be referred to as a radio link operation. The radio link procedure may comprise a radio link monitoring (RLM) procedure, or a beam management (BM)Docket No.: 24-1246PCT procedure The BM procedure may also be referred to as a link recovery procedure (LRP), or a beam recovery procedure, or a beam failure recovery procedure.

[0238] A wireless device may maintain a radio link based on the radio link monitoring. The radio link may be between the wireless device and a base station. A wireless device may maintain, recover, or switch a beam. The beam may be a reference signal (e.g., an SSB, a CSI-RS, a PRS, etc.) associated with a direction. The beam may also be referred to as a lobe. In an example, the beam may also be referred to as a receive beam (e.g., a beam received by a wireless device from a certain direction). In another example, the beam may also be referred to as a transmit beam (e.g., a beam transmitted by a base station toward a certain direction). The direction may be based on (or determined by or characterized by) an angle in an azimuth plane and / or an angle in a zenith plane. The azimuth plane may also be referred to as a horizontal plane. The zenith plane may also be referred to as an elevation plane or a vertical plane. The beam may be between the wireless device and a base station.

[0239] The radio link and / or the beam may be related to a cell associated with the base station. The cell may be a serving cell such as a spCell, a PCell, a PSCell, or an SCell. The beam may also be referred to as a beam of a cell, a cell beam, or a serving cell beam, a spCell beam, a PCell beam, a PSCell beam, an SCell beam, etc.

[0240] A measurement associated with the layer 3 mobility procedure may be referred to as a layer 3 measurement. The layer 3 measurement may also be referred to as a layer 3 mobility measurement, a mobility measurement, or a radio resource management (RRM) measurement. Examples of the one or more layer 3 measurements may include a pathloss; a reference signal received power (RSRP); a reference signal received quality (RSRQ); a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), etc. Measurement 1700 (e.g., the RSRP) for layer 3 mobility procedure may be based on N11 number of samples, of one or more samples 1704 and over measurement time 1702. In an example, the wireless device may transmit to a base station, the one or more layer 3 (L3) measurements, e.g., via an RRC message.

[0241] A measurement associated with the LTM procedure may be referred to as a layer 1 (L1) measurement. The L1 measurement may also be referred to as a layer 1 (L1) mobility measurement, LTM mobility measurement, an L1 radio resource management (RRM) measurement, or an LTM RRM. Examples of the one or more layer 1 measurements may include a layer-1 - reference signal received power (L1-RSRP); a layer 1 - a reference signal received quality (L1-RSRQ); a layer 1 - a signal to interference and noise ratio (L1-SINR), etc. Measurement 1700 (e.g., the L1-RSRP) for LTM procedure may be based on N12 number of samples, of one or more samples 1704 and over measurement time 1702. In an example, the wireless device may transmit to a base station, the one or more layer 1 (L1) measurements, e.g., via an RRC message or a MAC-CE.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0242] Examples of the one or more positioning measurements may include a reference signal time difference (RSTD); an UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement; a round trip time (RTT); a multi-RTT; a carrier phase measurement (CPP); a channel impulse response (CIR); a time of arrival (TOA); a reference signal received power (RSRP); a reference signal received path power (RSRPP); a positioning reference signal - reference signal received power (PRS-RSRP); a positioning reference signal - reference signal received path power (PRS-RSRPP); an angle of arrival (AOA); an angle of departure (AOD); a power delay profile (PDP); a delay profile (DP), etc. In an example, the wireless device may transmit to a location server (e.g., a location management function (LMF)), one or more positioning measurements via a positioning protocol (e.g., an LTE positioning protocol (LPP). The location server may also be referred to as a positioning node, or a positioning server.

[0243] Examples of one or more measurements for an interference management procedure may be a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), a cross link interference (CLI) - Received Signal Strength Indicator (CLI-RSSI), etc. The interference management procedure may also be referred to as an interference mitigation procedure, an interference reduction procedure, etc.

[0244] The radio link monitoring procedure may include an in-sync (IS) detection and / or an out-of-sync (DOS) detection. The IS and the DOS detection may be based on a measurement (e.g., measurement 1700 in FIG. 17). Measurement 1700 for the radio link monitoring procedure (e.g., the OOS and IS detection) may be a radio link quality (e.g., a signal to noise ratio (SNR), a signal to noise and interference (SINR), an RSRQ, etc.). The radio link quality may also be referred to as a channel quality, a link quality, a downlink radio link quality, a downlink quality, etc. Measurement 1700 (e.g., the radio link quality) for the radio link monitoring procedure may be based on N13 number of samples, of one or more samples 1704 and over measurement time 1702. In an example, N13 may be 20 for the OOS detection and 10 for the IS detection. Measurement time 1702 for the OOS detection may also be referred to as an evaluation period or an OOS evaluation period. Measurement time 1702 for the IS detection may also be referred to as an evaluation period or an IS evaluation period. A radio link failure (RLF) may be based on one or more OOS detections. For example, a wireless device may start a radio link failure (RLF) timer (e.g., T310) based on detecting one or more OOS detections, e.g., one or more consecutive (or successive) OOS detections. In an example, the wireless device may trigger a radio link failure based on the RLF timer, e.g., upon expiry of the RLF timer. In an example, the wireless device may indicate (or inform) the RLF to a higher layer of the wireless device.

[0245] The link recovery procedure may include a beam failure detection (BFD), a candidate beam detection (CBD), a layer-1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP), and / or a layer-1 signal to interference and noise ratio (L1-SINR). The BFD, the CBD, the L1-RSRP, and the L-SINR may be based on a measurement (e.g., measurement 1700 in FIG. 17). Measurement 1700 for the link recoveryDocket No.: 24-1246PCT procedure (e.g., the BFD detection) may be a radio link quality (e.g., a signal to noise ratio (SNR), a signal to noise and interference (SINR), an RSRQ, etc). The radio link quality may also be referred to as a channel quality, a link quality, etc. Measurement 1700 (e.g., the radio link quality) for the radio link monitoring procedure may be based on N14 number of samples, of one or more samples 1704 and over measurement time 1702. In an example, N14 may be 10 for the BFD detection. Measurement time 1702 for the BFD detection may also be referred to as an evaluation period or a BFD evaluation period.Measurement 1700 for the link recovery procedure (e.g., the CBD detection) may be a signal strength (e.g., an RSRP, a path loss, an L1-RSRP, etc).

[0246] In an example, a wireless device may estimate a radio link quality (e.g., measurement 1700 (e.g., an SNR, an SINR, a L1-RSRP, etc.)) on a reference signal (e.g., radio link monitoring - reference signal (RLM-RS), a link recovery procedure - reference signal (LRP-RS), etc.) over an evaluation period (e.g., measurement time 1702). The wireless device may compare the radio link quality with one or more thresholds. For example, the wireless device may assess (or determine or monitor or evaluate) a quality of a cell (e.g., a PCell, a PSCell, a spCell, or an SCell) based on comparing the radio link quality with the one or more quality thresholds.

[0247] The wireless device may further receive from a node, a measurement configuration, e.g., via an RRC signaling, an LPP signaling, etc. Examples of the node may be a base station, a g N B, a gNB central unit (gNB-CU), an access point, or a location server (e.g., an LMF). The measurement configuration may also be referred to as configuration data, assistance data or assistance information. The measurement configuration may include one or more measurement objects (MOs), and / or may be referred to as a measurement object (MO). The measurement configuration (or the MO) may include a reference signal configuration (or a configuration of a reference signal). The reference signal configuration may be associated with one or more cells. The one or more cells may belong to (or operate on or associated with) a carrier frequency In another example, the one or more cells may be associated with a MO. The carrier frequency may be related to a reference signal (e.g., a CSI-RS, an SSB, a PRS, etc.).

[0248] The reference signal configuration may comprise (or include or indicate) one or more parameters associated with (or related to) a reference signal (RS). Examples of the one or more parameters may be a list of the one or more cells, a cell identifier (e.g., a physical cell ID (PCI), a cell global ID (CGI), etc.), a type of the reference signal (e.g., an SSB, a CSI-RS, a PRS, etc.), a reference signal index or identifier, a reference signal duration (or an occasion or a window or a measurement window), a reference signal periodicity (or a reference signal occasion periodicity), a time offset, a bandwidth (e.g., a bandwidth of the RS), a numerology (e.g., a subcarrier spacing, a cyclic prefix (CP) length), a time resource (e.g., a symbol, a slot, etc.), etc. The cell identifier (or the cell ID) may also be referred to as a next generation radio (NR) cell ID. The PCI may also be referred to as an NR PCI. The CGI may also be referred to as an NR CGI.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0249] In an example, the reference signal may be a downlink reference signal, e.g., transmitted by a base station. For example, the reference signal may be transmitted in one or more cells, e.g., in a serving cell and one or more neighbor cells of the wireless device. The one or more cells may be operated, managed, or served by one or more network nodes, e.g., one or more base stations.

[0250] Examples of the downlink reference signals may be a SS / PBCH block (SSB), a CSI-RS, a positioning reference signal (PRS), a radio link monitoring reference signal (RLM-RS) (e.g., a SSB, a CSI- RS, etc.), a tracking reference signal (TRS), a DMRS, a SS / PBCH Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC), etc. The SMTC may also be referred to as SSB burst. The SSB may also be referred to as a synchronization signal block (SSB). Each SSB may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) within 4 successive symbols.

[0251] The SMTC configuration may be associated with (or comprise) one or more SMTC parameters, e.g. a SMTC index or identifier, a SMTC duration or window, a SMTC periodicity, a SMTC time offset, etc. The SMTC may comprise (or include) one or more SSBs. For example, one or multiple SSBs may be comprised within a SMTC duration. The SMTC occasion may occur with a periodicity (e.g., the SMTC period), e.g., every 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, 160 ms, etc.

[0252] In another example, the reference signal may be an uplink reference signal, e.g., transmitted by the wireless device. Examples of the uplink reference signals may be an SRS, a DMRS, etc. For example, the wireless device may transmit the uplink reference signals (e.g , an SRS) in a serving cell of the wireless device.

[0253] In an example, the wireless device may further receive from a base station, a measurement configuration for one or more measurements (e.g., a cell identification, a RSRP, a RSRQ, a SINR, a global cell ID (CGI), a radio link monitoring, a link recovery procedure, etc.). In another example, the wireless device may further receive, from a location server, a measurement configuration (e.g., an assistance data or an assistance information) for one or more positioning measurements (e.g., a RSTD, a UE Rx-Tx time difference, an AOA, an AOD, a CPP, a PD, a PDP, a CIR, a PRS-RSRP, a PRS-RSRPP, etc.).

[0254] In an example, the measurement configuration may further include information about (or associated with) one or more carrier frequencies. The one or more carrier frequencies are associated with (or related to) the one or more measurements included in the measurement configuration.

[0255] The carrier frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a frequency, a component carrier (CC), a layer, a frequency layer, frequency channel, positioning frequency layer (PFL), etc. The carrier frequency may belong to a frequency band. The frequency band may include one or multiple carrier frequencies. The number of the carrier frequencies within a frequency band may depend on a passband (e.g., length of the band in frequency domain) and / or a bandwidth of the carrier frequencies and / or a raster (e.g., a point inDocket No.: 24-1246PCT frequency where a carrier frequency may be centered, etc.). The raster may be referred to as a channel raster, a synchronization raster, etc.

[0256] The information about (or associated with) the one or more carrier frequencies may be indicated by a channel number or an identifier. In example, the channel number or the identifier may be pre-defined. For example, the channel number may be an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN). Examples of the ARFCN may be E-UTRA ARFCN (EARFCN), NR ARFCN (NR-ARFCN), etc. For example, a base station may transmit (e.g., in a broadcast channel) a channel number (e.g., an ARFCN, an NR-ARFCN, etc.) associated with a cell.

[0257] For example, a carrier frequency (e.g., refFreqCSI-RS) associated with a CSI-RS based measurements (e.g., a CSI-RSRP, a CSI-RSRQ, a CSI-SINR, a CSI-SNR, a radio link quality, a BFD, a CBD, a L1-RSRP, a L1-SINR, etc.) may be indicated by a CSI-RS ARFCN (e.g., ARFCN-ValueNR), e.g., in the measurement configuration.

[0258] For example, a carrier frequency (e.g., ssbFrequency) associated with SSB based measurements (e.g., SS-RSRP, SS-RSRQ, SS-SINR, SS-SINR, a radio link quality, a BFD, a CBD, a L1-RSRP, a L1- SINR, etc.) may be indicated by an SSB ARFCN, e.g , in the measurement configuration. For example, the SSB ARFCN (e.g., ARFCN-ValueNR) may indicate a frequency location within a bandwidth of an SSB. For example, the SSB may include 20 resource blocks enumerated from a resource block # 0 to a resource block # 19. In an example, the indicated frequency location (e.g., a SSB ARFCN) may correspond to a resource element # 0 within a resource block # 0 of the resource blocks of the SSB.

[0259] In an example, a measurement object (e.g., MeasObjectNR) may specify or indicate information applicable for (or associated with) CSI-RS based intra-frequency measurements or CSI-RS based interfrequency measurements. For example, the measurement object (e.g., MeasObjectNR) may include a reference signal (RS) configuration (e.g., CSI-RS-ResourceConfigMobility). The RS configuration (e.g., CSI-RS-ResourceConfigMobility) may indicate (or may be associated with) the CSI-RS based intra- frequency measurements or the CSI-RS based inter-frequency measurements. The CSI-RS based intra- frequency measurements or the CSI-RS based inter-frequency measurements may also be referred to as CSI-RS based RRM measurements. The measurement object (e.g., MeasObjectNR) and the RS configuration (e.g., CSI-RS-ResourceConfigMobility) may be an RRC message.

[0260] In an example, the RS configuration (e.g., CSI-RS-ResourceConfigMobility) may include a subcarrier spacing (e.g., SubcarrierSpacing) of a CSI-RS, an index of a reference cell (e.g., ServCelllndex), a cell ID (e.g., PhysCellld) of each cell in a list of cells for the CSI-RS based RRM measurements, a bandwidth of the CSI-RS (e.g., csi-rs-MeasurementBW), a density of the CSI-RS (e.g., number of resource elements comprising the CSI-RS in a PRB), a time location of the CSI-RS resource, a time location of a symbol comprising the CSI-RS (e.g., firstOFDMSymbollnTimeDomain) in a slot, etc. The bandwidth of theDocket No.: 24-1246PCTCSI-RS (e.g., csi-rs-MeasurementBW) may be indicated by (or in terms of) a number of PRBs (e.g., nrofPRBs) and a starting PRB number (e.g., startPRB). For example, the bandwidth may be 24 PRBs, 48 PRBs, 96 PRBs, 192 PRBs, or 264 PRBs.

[0261] The time location of the CSI-RS resource may be indicated by (or expressed by) an index of the CSI-RS (e.g., CSI-RS-lndex) and a slot configuration (e.g., slotConfig). For example, the slot configuration (e.g., slotConfig') may indicate a periodicity of the CSI-RS resource. The periodicity of the CSI-RS resource may be 4 ms, 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, or any other reasonable time duration. The index of the reference cell (e.g., ServCelllndex) may indicate a serving cell (e.g., a PCell, a PSCell, an SCell, etc.) for determining a reference time. For example, the index of the reference cell (e.g., ServCelllndex) may indicate that the CSI-RS resource is configured without an associated SSB (e.g., associatedSSB). The wireless device may use the reference time of the serving cell for determining the time location of the CSI- RS resource. The index of the reference cell (e.g., ServCelllndex) may not be included (e.g., ServCelllndex may be absent). In this case (e.g., the absence of ServCelllndex), the wireless device may use timing of a PCell of the wireless device for measurements on the CSI-RS resources (e.g., without associatedSSB).

[0262] A base station may support subband full duplex (SBFD) in a cell The SBFD (or an SBFD configuration or SBFD parameters) may include one or more uplink subbands and one or more downlink subbands.

[0263] A downlink subband may comprise one or more frequency resources, e.g., one or more resource blocks (RBs). An uplink subband may comprise one or more frequency resources, e.g., one or more resource blocks (RBs), one or more subcarriers, one or more tones, etc. A resource block (RB) may also be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB) or a virtual resource block (VRB). In another example, the PRB may also be referred to as the RB or the VRB. The one or more frequency resources comprised in the downlink subband may also be referred to as downlink frequency resources (e.g., DL RBs or DL PRBs, etc.). The one or more frequency resources comprised in the uplink subband may also be referred to as uplink frequency resources (e.g., UL RBs or UL PRBs, etc.).

[0264] In an example, one or more uplink subbands and one or more downlink subbands may be comprised in an SBFD time resource, e.g., an SBFD symbol, an SBFD slot, an SBFD subframe, etc. In an example, the one or more uplink subbands, the one or more downlink subbands, and / or one or more SBFD time resources may be referred to as an SBFD resource. In another example, frequency resources in the one or more uplink subbands and frequency resources in the one or more downlink subbands may also be referred to as an SBFD resource.

[0265] At least during the same SBFD symbol, no frequency resource among frequency resources in an uplink subband may overlap with any frequency resource among frequency resources in a downlink subband. At least during the same SBFD symbol, no frequency resource among frequency resources in aDocket No.: 24-1246PCT downlink subband may overlap with any frequency resource among frequency resources in an uplink subband.

[0266] The SBFD (or an SBFD configuration or SBFD parameters) may include one or more SBFD time resources (e.g . , one or more SBFD symbols) during a time period. The time period comprising the one or more SBFD time resources may also be referred to as an SBFD time period, a time period of the SBFD, or a periodicity of the SBFD. During the same SBFD symbol, a base station may simultaneously (e.g., at the same time) transmit a downlink signal in a downlink subband and receive an uplink signal in an uplink subband.

[0267] A base station may perform (or apply or execute) an SBFD operation in a cell based on the SBFD (or an SBFD configuration, or SBFD parameters). For example, the SBFD operation may be associated with a cell (e.g., a cell associated with or identified by a cell ID). The SBFD operation may also be referred to as an SBFD mode, an SBFD scheme, an SBFD technique, an SBFD procedure, or a subband nonoverlapping full duplex operation. At the same time in the SBFD operation, the base station may simultaneously (e.g., at the same time) transmit a downlink (DL) signal on a DL subband and receive an uplink (UL) signal on an UL subband. For example, in the same SBFD symbol in the SBFD operation, the base station may simultaneously (e.g., at the same time) transmit a DL signal on a DL subband and receive an UL signal on an UL subband.

[0268] In an example, in the SBFD operation, the DL signal on the DL subband and the UL signal on the UL subband may be associated with (or related to) different wireless devices, e.g , the DL signal may be associated with a first wireless device and the UL signal may be associated with a second wireless device. In another example, in the SBFD operation, the DL signal on the DL subband and the UL signal on the UL subband may be associated with (or related to) the same wireless device.

[0269] A wireless device may transmit and / or receive a signal (e.g., a reference signal, a channel, etc.) in a cell. The cell may be associated with a base station. The cell may be a serving cell or a non-serving cell of the wireless device. The serving cell may also be referred to as a special cell (spCell), a primary cell (PCell), a secondary cell (SCell), or a primary secondary cell (PSCell). The non-serving cell may also be referred to as a neighboring cell or a neighbor cell. The cell may be identified by an identifier e.g., a cell identifier. In an example, the cell identifier may be referred to as a physical cell identifier (PCI) or a cell global identifier (CGI). In example, the CGI may be a unique identifier of a cell. For example, a CGI associated with a cell may uniquely (or globally) identify the cell.

[0270] In an example, a wireless device may transmit a signal (e.g., an uplink signal) in an uplink subband during an SBFD symbol. In another example, a wireless device may receive a signal (e.g., a downlink signal) in a downlink subband during an SBFD symbol.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0271] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of time-frequency resources 1800 per an aspect of the present disclosure. Time-frequency resources 1800 may be associated with a cell. A base station may serve, manage, or operate the cell.

[0272] In the example of FIG. 18, a time resource may be a downlink (DL) time resource 1810, a subband full duplex (SBFD) time resource 1820, or an uplink (UL) time resource 1830. In an example, an SBFD time period 1840 may include at least one SBFD time resource 1820. In another example, SBFD time period 1840 may include one or more DL time resources 1810 and one or more SBFD time resources 1820. In another example, SBFD time period 1840 may include one or more SBFD time resources 1820 and one or more UL time resources 1830. In another example, SBFD time period 1840 may include one or more DL time resources 1810, one or more SBFD time resources 1820, and one or more UL time resources 1830. In a frequency domain, SBFD time resource 1820 may include a DL subband 1822 and an UL subband 1824. In an example, in a frequency domain, SBFD time resource 1820 may include one or more DL subbands 1822 and one or more UL subbands 1824. DL time resource 1810 or UL time resource 1830 may also be referred to as a non-SBFD time resource.

[0273] A base station may transmit a signal in DL time resource 1810. A wireless device may receive a signal in DL time resource 1810. A base station may receive a signal in UL time resource 1830. A wireless device may transmit a signal in UL time resource 1830. A base station may transmit a signal in DL subband 1822 (e.g., DL subband 1822 of SBFD time resource 1820). A wireless device may receive a signal in DL subband 1822. A base station may receive a signal in UL subband 1824 (e.g , UL subband 1824 of SBFD time resource 1820). A wireless device may transmit a signal in UL subband 1824. The signal may be a reference signal and / or a channel (as described above).

[0274] DL time resource 1810 may be associated with a full duplex - frequency division duplexing (FD- FDD), a time division duplexing (TDD), a half-duplex - frequency division duplexing (HD-FDD), or supplemental downlink (SDL) operation (or mode). UL time resource 1830 may be associated with an FD- FDD, a TDD, a HD-FDD, or a supplemental uplink (SUL) operation (or mode).

[0275] At different times in a TDD operation, a wireless device may transmit an uplink (UL) signal and receive a downlink (DL) signal on the same carrier frequency. At different times in a TDD operation, a base station may transmit a DL signal and receive an UL signal on the same carrier frequency.

[0276] In an FD-FDD operation, a wireless device may simultaneously (e.g., at the same time) transmit an UL signal on an uplink carrier frequency and receive a downlink signal on a downlink carrier frequency. In an FD-FDD operation, a base station may simultaneously (e.g., at the same time) transmit a DL signal on a DL carrier frequency and receive an UL signal on an UL carrier frequency.

[0277] At different times in an HD-FDD operation, a wireless device may transmit an UL signal on an uplink carrier frequency and receive a downlink signal on a downlink carrier frequency. At different times inDocket No.: 24-1246PCT an HD-FDD operation, a base station may transmit a DL signal on a DL carrier frequency and receive an UL signal on an UL carrier frequency.

[0278] In a multicarrier operation, a wireless device may use an SDL band (and / or an SUL band) with an FDD-FDD, a HD-FDD, or a TDD band. Examples of the multicarrier operation may be carrier aggregation, multi-connectivity, dual connectivity, etc.

[0279] Referring to FIG. 18, DL subband 1822 may include one or more resource blocks. UL subband 1824 may include one or more resource blocks. In an example, the one or more resource blocks within DL subband 1822 may be consecutive (or adjacent) in a frequency domain. In an example, the one or more resource blocks within UL subband 1824 may be consecutive (or adjacent) in a frequency domain. In another example, DL subband 1822 and UL subband 1824 (belonging to a SBFD time resource 1820) may be within a bandwidth of a carrier frequency. In yet another example, one or more DL subbands 1822 and one or more UL subbands 1824 (belonging to a SBFD time resource 1820) may be within a bandwidth of a carrier frequency. The carrier frequency may also be referred to as a time division duplex (TDD) carrier frequency or a carrier frequency of a TDD operation (or a mode). For example, the bandwidth and the carrier frequency may be associated with a base station. In an example, a bandwidth of a carrier frequency may be 48 resource blocks (RBs). In another example, DL subband 1822 may include 8 RBs. In yet another example, UL subband 1824 may include 4 RBs. In yet another example, a base station may configure four DL subbands 1822 within the bandwidth (e.g., 48 RBs) of the carrier frequency. In yet another example, a base station may configure four UL subband 1824 within the bandwidth (e.g., 48 RBs) of the carrier frequency. In yet another example, a base station may configure five DL subbands 1822 within the bandwidth (e.g., 48 RBs) of the carrier frequency. In yet another example, a base station may configure two UL subband 1824 within the bandwidth (e.g., 48 RBs) of the carrier frequency.

[0280] A time resource may be referred to as a symbol, a slot, a subslot, a mini-slot, a subframe, or a frame. For example, the radio frame (e.g., 10 ms in length) may include 10 subframes (e.g., each of 1 ms in length). The time resource may be identified by a time resource number (e.g., a symbol number ranging from 0 to 13, a subframe number ranging from 0 to 9, etc.). A time resource may be a DL time resource (e.g., a DL symbol, a DL slot, a DL subframe, etc.) or an UL time resource (e.g., an UL symbol, an UL slot, an UL subframe, etc.). In an example, DL time resource 1810 may also be referred to as a DL symbol, a DL slot, a DL subframe, etc. In an example, UL time resource 1830 may also be referred to as a UL symbol, an UL slot, an UL subframe, etc. In an example, SBFD time resource 1820 may also be referred to an SBFD symbol, an SBFD slot, an SBFD subframe, etc. DL time resource 1810 or UL time resource 1830 may also be referred to as a non-SBFD symbol, a non-SBFD slot, a non-SBFD subframe, etc.

[0281] In an example, one or more DL time resources 1810, SBFD time resources 1820, and / or one or more UL time resources 1830 within SBFD time period 1840 may also be referred to as a pattern. TheDocket No.: 24-1246PCT pattern may also be referred to as an SBFD pattern, an SBFD time resource pattern, an SBFD symbol pattern, an SBFD slot pattern, or an SBFD subframe pattern, etc. In an example, the pattern may be periodic (e.g., a periodic SBFD pattern) or aperiodic (e.g., an aperiodic SBFD pattern). In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messages, from a base station, including the SBFD pattern. The one or more messages may be a radio resource control (RRC) message, a medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), or a downlink control information (DCI).

[0282] In an example, a periodicity of the periodic SBFD pattern may be based on (or correspond to) SBFD time period 1840. In an example, SBFD time period 1840 may be based on a periodicity of an uplink (UL) - downlink (DL) pattern periodicity.

[0283] In an example, an UL-DL pattern may be referred to as a time division duplex (TDD) UL-DL pattern, a TDD UL-DL subframe pattern, a TDD UL-DL configuration, or a TDD UL-DL slot configuration. In an example, an UL-DL pattern (e.g., an IE TDD-UL-DL-Pattem) may include a periodicity, a number of DL slots, a number of UL slots, a number of UL symbols, and a number of DL symbols. The periodicity of an UL-DL pattern (or a TDD UL-DL pattern) may also be referred to as a DL-UL transmission periodicity (e.g., an IE dl-UL-TransmissionPeriodicity), a DL-UL transmission period, or a DL-UL transmission repetition period. In an example, the DL-UL transmission periodicity of a TDD-UL-DL pattern may be 0.5ms, 0.625ms, 1ms, 1.25ms, 2ms, 2.5ms, 3ms, 4ms, 5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 60ms, 80ms, 100ms, 120ms, 140ms, 160ms, or any other reasonable time duration. A wireless device may receive, from a base station, a UL-DL pattern (e.g., an IE TDD-UL-DL-Pattem) including a DL-UL transmission periodicity (e.g., dl-UL- Transmission Periodicity) in a radio resource control (RRC) message. For example, the RRC message may be referred to as a TDD UL-DL common configuration (e.g., TDD-UL-DL-ConfigCommon) or a TDD UL-DL dedicated configuration (e.g., TDD-UL-DL-ConfigDedicated). The TDD UL-DL common configuration may be a cell specific RRC message (e.g., transmitted in a broadcast message in a cell, e.g., for multiple UEs in the cell). The TDD UL-DL dedicated configuration may be a UE specific RRC message (e g., transmitted to the UE). In an example, a wireless device may receive, from a base station, one UL-DL pattern. In an example, a wireless device may receive, from a base station, two or more UL-DL patterns.

[0284] In an example, SBFD time period 1840 may be based on a DL-UL transmission periodicity of a TDD-UL-DL pattern. For example, SBFD time period 1840 may correspond to the DL-UL transmission periodicity of a TDD-UL-DL pattern. In another example, SBFD time period 1840 may correspond to a sum of two or more DL-UL transmission periodicities. For example, a wireless device may receive two or more TDD-UL-DL patterns. In this example, each one of the two or more DL-UL transmission periodicities may be associated with (or related to) one of the two or more TDD-UL-DL patterns. For example, a wireless device may receive, from a base station, one TDD-UL-DL pattern with a periodicity corresponding to 5 ms,Docket No.: 24-1246PCT and another TDD-UL-DL pattern with a periodicity corresponding to 10 ms. In this example, SBFD time period 1840 may correspond to 15 ms.

[0285] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of time-frequency resources 1900 per an aspect of the present disclosure. Time-frequency resources 1900 may be associated with a cell. A base station may serve, manage, or operate the cell.

[0286] In the example of FIG. 19, a downlink (DL) time resource 1910, a subband full duplex (SBFD) time resource 1920, and an uplink (UL) time resource 1930 are included in an SBFD time period 1940. DL time resource 1910, SBFD time resource 1920, UL time resource 1930, and SBFD time period 1940 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g., DL time resource 1810, SBFD time resource 1820, UL time resource 1830, and SBFD time period 1840).

[0287] As illustrated in FIG. 19, SBFD time resource 1920 may include a downlink (DL) subband 1922, an uplink (UL) subband 1924, and a downlink (DL) subband 1926. DL subband 1922 and DL subband 1926 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g., DL subband 1822). UL subband 1924 is according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g., UL subband 1824). In an example, a number of frequency resources in DL subband 1922 and a number of frequency resources in DL subband 1926 may be different, e.g., 24 physical resource blocks (PRBs) in DL subband 1922 and 48 PRBs in DL subband 1926. In another example, a number of frequency resources in DL subband 1922 and a number of frequency resources in DL subband 1926 may be the same, e.g., 48 PRBs in DL subband 1922 and 48 PRBs in DL subband 1926.

[0288] One or more DL time resources, of one or more DL time resources 1910, one or more SBFD time resources, of one or more SBFD time resources 1920, and / or one or more UL time resources, of one or more UL time resources 1930, within SBFD time period 1940 may also be referred as a pattern or an SBFD pattern as described in FIG. 18 (e.g., the SBFD pattern).

[0289] A wireless device may receive, from a node (e.g., a base station, a location server, etc.), a reference signal (RS) configuration. The RS configuration may comprise one or more parameters of the RS (e.g., a CSI-RS, an SSB, a PRS, etc.) associated with a plurality of cells. The wireless device may perform a measurement (e.g., measurement 1700 in FIG. 17) based on the RS of one or more cells of the plurality of cells. In an example, the plurality of cells may comprise a serving cell and one or more neighbor cells. For example, the measurement (e.g., an intra-frequency measurement) may be associated with the serving cell and the one or more neighbor cells. In an example, the plurality of cells may comprise two or more neighbor cells. For example, the measurement (e.g., an inter-frequency measurement) may be associated with the two or more neighbor cells.

[0290] The one or more cells of the plurality of cells may support a subband full duplex (SBFD) (as described above in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19). An SBFD configuration associated with a cell of the one or moreDocket No.: 24-1246PCT cells may include one or more DL subbands in an SBFD symbol, and an UL subband in the SBFD symbol. The node may configure the RS in the SBFD symbol. For example, one or more frequency resources (e.g., PRBs) of the RS may overlap (or coincide) with frequencies of the UL subband in the SBFD symbol. For example, downlink (DL) usable frequency resources (e.g., PRBs) comprising the RS (e.g., a CSI-RS) may be reduced, e.g., compared to frequency resources of the RS indicated by the RS configuration. The DL usable frequency resources (e.g., PRBs) are comprised within a bandwidth of a DL subband of the one or more DL subbands.

[0291] The wireless device may perform the measurement on the RS over a bandwidth (e.g., a measurement bandwidth) indicated in the RS configuration. The wireless device may not be aware of an SBFD configuration of neighbor cells. For example, the wireless device may not be aware of the DL usable PRBs of the neighbor cells. In an example, the bandwidth (or the measurement bandwidth) of the RS may include (or overlap with) one or more frequency resources of the UL subband.

[0292] For example, the wireless device may incorrectly perform the measurement on the RS of a neighbor cell based on that the bandwidth of the RS includes the one or more frequency resources of the UL subband. For example, an accuray of the measurement may be degraded e.g., the measurement may be unreliable. For example, the measurement may be underestimated or overestimated compared to a reference measurement. In an example, the reference measurement may be an ideal measurement, e.g., may not include channel estimation errors. In another example, a measurement performed on the RS in a downlink symbol may be referred to as the reference measurement.

[0293] In another example, the measurement may fail. For example, the the measurement may be out of range, e.g., outside a reportable range. The wireless device may not report the measurement based on the measurement being out of range.

[0294] The node may perform one or more tasks (e.g., a cell change, a positioning, etc.,) based on the measurement. The one or more tasks based on the unreliable (or an inaccurate) measurement may fail. For example, a failure rate of a call change may increase. In another example, a positioning error may increase. In another example, the node may not perform the one or more tasks, e.g., due to unavailability of the measurement.

[0295] In the existing technologies, the node (e.g., a base station) may transmit to the wireless devic, SBFD configurations of the pluraity of cells. The pluraity of cells may comprise a large number of cells (e.g., 16 cells, 32 cells, etc.). The SBFD configuration comprises several parameters, e.g., a time location of one or more SBFD symbols, a frequency location of one or more DL subbands in the one or more SBFD symbols, and a frequency location of one or more UL subbands in the one or more SBFD symbols.

[0296] Signaling the SBFD configurations of the pluraity of cells, by the node to the wireless device, may increase signaling overheads. In another example, the wireless device may receive, store, and process theDocket No.: 24-1246PCTSBFD configurations of the pluraity of cells. The wireless device may determine DL usable PRBs comprising the RS in each cell of the pluraity of the cell based on the SBFD configurations of the pluraity of cells. For example, processing of the SBFD configurations of the pluraity of cells may increase complexity of the wireless device. In another example, processing of the SBFD configurations of the pluraity of cells may increase power consumption of the wireless device.

[0297] In the existing technologies, a cell may transmit (e.g., broadcast) an SBFD configuration associated with the cell. For example, the cell may transmit SBFD configuration in a system information (SI) (e.g., in a system information block (SIB)). For example, the wireless device may acquire (or receive or decode) the SI of the cell (e.g., a neighbor cell) of the plurality of cells. The wireless device may determine the SBFD configurations of the cell based on the SI of the cell For example, an acquisiton of the SI may increase complexity of the wireless device. In another example, the acquisiton of the SI may increase power consumption of the wireless device. In yet another example, the acquisiton of the SI may increase delay e.g., due to decoding a master information block (MIB) and one or more SIBs (e.g., system information block # 1 (SIB1). For example, the measurement time of the measurement may increase.

[0298] In an example, a wireless device may not be aware of subband full duplex (SBFD) configurations of a plurality of cells. The wireless device may not be aware of available frequency resources comprising reference signals (RSs) in SBFD resources (e.g., in SBFD symbols). The wireless device may perform a measurement on the RSs. The measurement may be inaccurate or unreliable. One or more tasks based on the measurement may fail, e.g., handover failure may increase.

[0299] Embodiments of the present disclosure are related to an approach for solving the problems described above. These and other features of the present disclosure are described further below.

[0300] In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or more messages indicating: reference signal (RS) configurations of a plurality of cells; and a reference subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration for determining available frequency resources for the RS configurations of the plurality of cells. The reference SBFD configuration may comprise a frequency location of a subband of one or more SBFD symbols. The wireless device may measure RSs based on the reference SBFD configuration.

[0301] In an example embodiment, a node may transmit to a wireless device, one or more messages indicating: reference signal (RS) configurations of a plurality of cells; and a reference subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration for determining available frequency resources for the RS configurations of the plurality of cells. The reference SBFD configuration may comprise a frequency location of a subband of one or more SBFD symbols. The node may receive from the wireless device, measurements of RSs. The RSs may be determined based on the reference SBFD configuration.

[0302] The reference SBFD configuration may be a common SBFD configuration of the plurality of cells. The wireless device may determine available frequency resources comprising the RS in the plurality of cellsDocket No.: 24-1246PCT based on the reference SBFD configuration. The signaling overheads may decrease. The complexity of the wireless device may decrease. The measurement may be reliable. Accuracy of the measurement may improve e.g., compared to a reference measurement. The node (e.g., a base station) may reliably perform one or more tasks based on the measurement.

[0303] In an example, a wireless device may not be aware of a frequency location of a DL subband and a frequency location of an UL subband in an SBFD symbol of subband full duplex (SBFD) configurations of a plurality of cells. The wireless device may not be aware of a frequency location of DL available frequency resources (e.g., DL usable PRBs) in neighbor cells. The wireless device may not be aware of available frequency resources comprising reference signals (RSs) in SBFD resources (e.g., in SBFD symbols). The wireless device may perform a measurement on the RSs. The measurement may be inaccurate or unreliable. One or more tasks based on the measurement may fail, e.g., handover failure may increase.

[0304] Embodiments of the present disclosure are related to an approach for solving the problems described above. These and other features of the present disclosure are described further below.

[0305] In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or more messages indicating: a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) configuration of a first cell; a second CSI-RS configuration of a second cell; and a reference subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration for determining available frequency resources for the first CSI-RS configuration of the first cell and the second CSI-RS configuration of the second cell. The reference SBFD configuration may comprise at least one of: a frequency location of an uplink subband of one or more SBFD symbols; or a frequency location of a downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols. The node may receive from the wireless device, measurements of CSI-RSs. The measurements may comprise a first measurement on a first CSI-RS in first resource blocks and a second measurement on a second CSI-RS in second resource blocks. The first resource blocks may be determined based on the first CSI-RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration. The second resource blocks may be determined based on the second CSI-RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration.

[0306] In an example embodiment, a node may transmit to a wireless device, one or more messages indicating: a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) configuration of a first cell; a second CSI-RS configuration of a second cell; and a reference subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration for determining available frequency resources for the first CSI-RS configuration of the first cell and the second CSI-RS configuration of the second cell. The reference SBFD configuration may comprise at least one of: a frequency location of an uplink subband of one or more SBFD symbols; or a frequency location of a downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols. The wireless device may measure a first CSI-RS in first resource blocks. The first resource blocks may be determined based on the first CSI-RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration. The wireless device may measure a second CSI-RS in secondDocket No.: 24-1246PCT resource blocks. The second resource blocks may be determined based on the second CSI-RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration.

[0307] The reference SBFD configuration may be a common SBFD configuration of the plurality of cells. The wireless device may determine frequency locations of the DL subband and the frequency location of the UL subband of the plurality of cells. The wireless device may determine available frequency resources comprising the RS in the plurality of cells based on the frequency locations of the DL subband and the UL subband. The power consumption of the wireless device may decrease. The measurement may be reliable. Accuracy of the measurement may improve e.g., compared to a reference measurement.

[0308] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a measurement configuration procedure 2000 as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Measurement configuration procedure 2000 may be used by a node 2040 to transmit a wireless device 2020, a message 2002. Message 2002 may indicate reference signal (RS) configurations 2014 for a plurality of cells 2006, and a reference subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration 2008. The features illustrated in FIG. 20 may be combined with the features previously discussed with reference to FIGs. 17, 18, and / or 19.

[0309] As shown in FIG. 20, wireless device 2020 may receive from node 2040, message 2002 indicating RS configurations 2014 for plurality of cells 2006, and reference SBFD configuration 2008. Wireless device 2020 may transmit to node 2024, a measurement report 2010.

[0310] Measurement configuration procedure 2000 may be associated with a measurement configuration of plurality of cells 2006. Node 2040 may serve, manage, operate, or control wireless device 2020. Node 2040 may be associated with one or more cells of plurality of cells 2006. The one or more cells may be serving cells of wireless device 2020. For example, node 2040 may schedule (e.g., via a DCI, a MAC-CE, etc.) wireless devices 2020 in the one or more cells.

[0311] In an example, node 2040 may be a RAN node. The RAN node may also be referred to as a next generation RAN (NG-RAN) node. Examples of the RAN node may be a base station, a gNB, a central unit of a base station (e.g., a gNB central unit (gNB-CU)), etc. For example, wireless devices 2020 may receive from node 2040, message 2002 via an RRC signaling, a MAC-CE, etc. In another example, wireless devices 2020 may transmit to node 2040, measurement report 2010 via an RRC signaling, a MAC-CE, etc.

[0312] In an example, node 2040 may be a node in a core network node. For example, node 2040 may be a location server (e.g., an LMF). For example, wireless devices 2020 may receive from node 2040, message 2002 via an LPP signaling, etc. In another example, wireless devices 2020 may transmit to node 2040, measurement report 2010 via an LPP signaling, etc.

[0313] The measurement configuration (e.g., MeasConfig) may include (or indicate or comprise) a measurement object (e g., MeasObjectNR). The measurement object may include (or indicate or comprise) RS configurations 2004. The measurement configuration may further include (or indicate) a reportingDocket No.: 24-1246PCT configuration (e.g. ReportConfigNR). For example, the reporting configuration may be associated with (or indicate or specify) a measurement reporting type (e.g., reportType). Examples of the measurement reporting type may be a periodical, an event triggered, or an event triggered periodical reporting. In another example, the reporting configuration may be associated with (or indicate or specify) one or more criteria for triggering of a measurement or a measurement event (e.g., an event A1 , an event A2, an event A3, an event A4, an event A5, etc.).

[0314] In an example, node 2040 may indicate a synchronization status (or level) of one or more cells (e.g., plurality of cells 2006) operating on (or belonging to) a carrier frequency (e.g., indicated by refFreqCSI-RS). In an example, the carrier frequency may be an intra-frequency carrier (or a serving carrier frequency or a carrier frequency or a serving cell of wireless device 2020). For example, the synchronization status may indicate whether a system frame number (SFN) and frame boundaries across (or of) cells on the frequency carrier (e.g., same carrier frequency) are aligned (or the same). In an example, an indication indicating the synchronization status (or level) of the one or more cells (e.g., plurality of cells 2006) may be comprised in the measurement object (e.g., MeasObjectNR).

[0315] For example, node 2040 may indicate the synchronization status (or level) based on a flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell). In an example, the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell) may be set to true or false. For example, wireless device 2020 may determine (or assume) the SFN and frame boundaries across (or of) cells on the same frequency carrier may be aligned (e.g., in a time domain) (or may be the same in a time domain) based on the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell) being set to true. In another example, wireless device 2020 may determine (or assume) the SFN and frame boundaries across (or of) cells on the same frequency carrier may not be aligned (e.g., in a time domain) (or may not be the same in a time domain) based on the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell) being set to false.

[0316] In another example, the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell) may or may not be present. For example, the flag may be optional For example, wireless device 2020 may determine (or assume) the SFN and frame boundaries across (or of) cells on the same frequency carrier may be aligned (e.g., in a time domain) (or may be the same in a time domain) based on the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell) being present (e.g., included in the measurement object). In another example, wireless device 2020 may determine (or assume) the SFN and frame boundaries across (or of) cells on the same frequency carrier may not be aligned (e.g., in a time domain) (or may not be the same in a time domain) based on the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell) being absent (or not present or not included in the measurement object).

[0317] In another example, node 2040 may indicate a synchronization status (or level) of one or more neighbor cells (e.g., plurality of cells 2006) operating on (or belonging to) the same carrier frequency (e.g., indicated by refFreqCSI-RS) with respect to a reference cell (e.g., a reference serving cell). The reference cell (e.g., a reference serving cell) may be associated with a reference cell (or a reference serving cell)Docket No.: 24-1246PCT identity (e.g ServCelllndex). Node 2040 may transmit to wireless device 2020, the reference cell (or the reference serving cell) identity (e.g., ServCelllndex) via an RRC message (e.g., in the measurement object).

[0318] For example, the synchronization status may indicate whether an SFN and frame boundary of the reference cell are aligned (or the same) with SFN and frame boundaries across (or of) neighbor cells. The neighbor cells may operate (or belong to) the same carrier frequency (e.g., indicated by refFreqCSI-RS). The carrier frequency (e.g., indicated by refFreqCSI-RS) may be an inter-frequency carrier. In an example, an indication indicating the synchronization status (or level) of the one or more neighbor cells (e.g., plurality of cells 2006) may be comprised in the measurement object (e.g., MeasObjectNR).

[0319] For example, node 2040 may indicate the synchronization status (or level) of the one or more neighbor cells (e.g., plurality of cells 2006) based on a flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCelllnter). In an example, the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCelllnter) may be set to true or false. For example, wireless device 2020 may determine (or assume) the SFN and frame boundaries across (or of) a reference cell (e.g., a reference serving cell) and neighbor cells may be aligned (e.g., in a time domain) (or may be the same in a time domain) based on the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCelllnter) being set to true. In another example, wireless device 2020 may determine (or assume) the SFN and frame boundaries across (or of) a reference cell (e.g., a reference serving cell) and neighbor cells may not be aligned (e.g., in a time domain) (or may not be the same in a time domain) based on the flag (e.g., deriveSSB- lndexFromCelllnter) being set to false.

[0320] In another example, the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCelllnter) may or may not be present. For example, the flag may be optional. For example, wireless device 2020 may determine (or assume) the SFN and frame boundaries across (or of) a reference cell (e.g., a reference serving cell) and neighbor cells may be aligned (e.g., in a time domain) (or may be the same in a time domain) based on the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCelllnter) being present. In another example, wireless device 2020 may determine (or assume) the SFN and frame boundaries across (or of) a reference cell (e.g., a reference serving cell) and neighbor cells may not be aligned (e.g., in a time domain) (or may not be the same in a time domain) based on the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCelllnter) being absent (or not present or not included in the measurement object).

[0321] In an example, wireless device 2020 may determine (or acquire) timing information (e.g., an SFN, etc.) of a cell (e.g., a neighbor cell) based on the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell and / or deriveSSB- lndexFromCelllnter) being disabled. For example, the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell and / or deriveSSB-lndexFromCelllnter) may be disabled based on the flag is set to false or the flag is absent. For example, wireless device 2020 may determine (or acquire) the timing information (e.g., an SFN, etc.) of the cell based on a system information (e.g., a master information block (M IB)) of the cell. For example,Docket No.: 24-1246PCT wireless device 2020 may receive the MIB of the cell. The MIB may transmit the timing information of the cell, e.g ., the SFN of the cell.

[0322] In an example, the status of the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell and / or deriveSSB- IndexFromCelllnter) may depend on a frequency characteristic (or property) of a carrier frequency (e.g., an intra-frequency, an inter-frequency carrier, etc.). Examples of the frequency characteristic of the carrier frequency may be a duplex (or a duplex mode) associated with the carrier frequency, a frequency range (FR1 , FR2, etc.) associated with the carrier frequency, an SBFD operation (or an SBFD configuration as described above) associated with the carrier frequency, etc. Examples of the duplex (or the duplex mode) may be a TDD, an FD-FDD, an HD-FDD, etc., (as described above). In another example, the status of the flag (e.g , deriveSSB-lndexFromCell and / or deriveSSB-lndexFromCellinter) may depend on a frequency range (e.g., FR1 , FR2, etc., as described above) of a carrier frequency (e.g., an intra-frequency, an interfrequency carrier, etc.).

[0323] In an example, the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell and / or deriveSSB-lndexFromCellinter) may be set to true for the TDD, e.g., for a TDD carrier frequency or a carrier frequency based on (or associated with or supporting) the TDD. In another example, the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell and / or deiiveSSB-lndexFromCelllnter) may be set to true (or may be present) for FR1, e.g., for a carrier frequency belonging to FR1. In yet another example, the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell and / or deriveSSB-lndexFromCellinter may be set to true (or may be present) for the TDD and FR1 , e.g., for a carrier frequency belonging to FR1 and based on (or associated with or supporting) the TDD. In yet another example, the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell and / or deriveSSB-lndexFromCellinter) may be set to true (or may be present) for FR2, e.g., for a carrier frequency belonging to FR2.

[0324] In yet another example, the flag (e.g., deriveSSB-lndexFromCell and / or deriveSSB- IndexFromCelllnter) may be set to true (or may be present) for a carrier frequency associated with an SBFD operation, e.g., one or more cells support (or operate based on) the SBFD operation.

[0325] The measurement configuration may be an RRC or an LPP message. The measurement and the measurement configuration are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 17 (e.g. measurement 1700 and the measurement configuration).

[0326] RS configurations 2004 may be (or indicate or comprise) may indicate one or more parameters associated with a reference signal (RS) of a cell among (or belonging to or comprised in) plurality of cells 2006. For example, RS configurations 2004 may be (or indicate or comprise) a CSI-RS configuration (e.g., CSI-RS-ResourceConfigMobility). In another example, RS configurations 2004 may be (or indicate or comprise) an assistance data for a PRS configuration (e.g., NR-DL-PRS-AssistanceData, NR-DL-PRS-Info, etc.). The PRS configuration may be associated with one or more positioning measurements (e.g., an RSTD, an PRS-RSRP, an PRS-RSRPP, a UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement, etc.).Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0327] In an example, the one or more parameters associated with the RS may indicate a type of symbol (or symbol type) associated with the RS. A field indicating the type of the symbol (or the symbol type) may comprise one or more bits. In an example, the type of symbol may be a downlink (DL) symbol or an SBFD symbol. For example, the type of symbol (or the symbol type) may indicate whether the RS is comprised in the DL symbol or in the SBFD symbol. In another example, the field may be optional, e.g., may or may not be present (or included) in RS configurations 2004. For example, absence of the field may indicate that the type of symbol (or the symbol type) is the DL symbol. In another example, presence of the field may indicate that the type of symbol (or the symbol type) is the SBFD symbol.

[0328] In another example, the type of symbol may be a DL symbol, an SBFD symbol, or a flexible symbol. The flexible symbol may be a DL symbol or an uplink (UL) symbol. For example, the direction of the flexible symbol may change dynamically, e.g., via a DCI. For example, the type of symbol (or the symbol type) may indicate whether the RS may be comprised in the DL symbol, in the SBFD symbol, or in the flexible symbol.

[0329] The type of symbol (or the symbol type) may be associated with a cell. For example, wireless device 2020 may determine the type of symbol based on an identifier of the cell (e.g., a PCI, a CGI, etc.). In an example, wireless device 2020 may determine the available frequency resources based on the reference SBFD configuration 2008 based on the type of symbol (e.g., an SBFD or a DL symbol). For example, wireless device 2020 may determine the available frequency resources based on the reference SBFD configuration 2008 based on the type of symbol being an SBFD symbol. For example, in response to determining that the type of symbol is an SBFD symbol, wireless device 2020 may perform a measurement based on frequency resources (e.g., a bandwidth) of the RS comprised within the available frequency resources.

[0330] In another example, wireless device 2020 may not determine the available frequency resources based on the reference SBFD configuration 2008 based on the type of symbol being a DL symbol. For example, in response to determining that the type of symbol is a DL symbol, wireless device 2020 may perform a measurement based on frequency resources (e.g., a bandwidth, e.g., csi-rs-MeasurementBW) of the RS indicated by (or comprised in) RS configurations 2004.

[0331] The DL symbol and the SBFD symbol are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g., DL time resource 1810 and SBFD time resource 1820), and / or in FIG. 19 (e.g., DL time resource 1910 and SBFD time resource 1920).

[0332] In an example, plurality of cells 2006 may comprise a serving cell (e.g., a PCell , an SCell, a PSCell, etc.) and one or more neighbor cells (or non-serving cells). In another example, plurality of cells 2006 may comprise two or more neighbor cells (or non-serving cells). In yet another example, plurality of cells 2006 may comprise an assistance data reference cell and one or more neighbor cells (or non-servingDocket No.: 24-1246PCT cells). The assistance data reference cell may be a serving cell or a neighbor cell For example, wireless device 2020 may be aware of an SFN of the assistance data reference cell.

[0333] The RS and RS configurations 2004 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 17 (e.g. the reference signal and the reference signal configuration).

[0334] In an example, wireless device 2020 may determine available frequency resources for RS configurations 2004 of plurality of cells 2006 based on reference SBFD configuration 2008. The available frequency resources may also be referred to as usable frequency resources, usable RBs (e.g., usable PRBs), available RBs (e.g., available PRBs), available subcarriers, usable subcarriers, measurable frequency resources, measurable RBs (or PRBs), a measurable bandwidth, etc. Reference SBFD configuration 2008 may indicate time-frequency resources associated with an SBFD (or an SBFD operation). The time-frequency resources, the SBFD, and the SBFD operation are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g. time-frequency resources 1800, the SBFD, and the SBFD operation), and / or in FIG. 19 (e.g., time-frequency resources 1900, the SBFD, and the SBFD operation).

[0335] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform measurements (or may measure) on reference signals (RSs) based on the reference SBFD configuration 2008. For example, wireless device 2020 may perform measurements (or may measure) on the RSs based on the available frequency resources. In another example, wireless device 2020 may perform measurements (or may measure) on the RSs within (or comprised in or overlapped with) the available frequency resources.

[0336] In an example, the available frequency resources may be determined based on RS configurations 2004 and reference SBFD configuration 2008. For example, wireless device 2020 may determine the available frequency resources based on RS configurations 2004 and reference SBFD configuration 2008. In another example, wireless device 2020 may determine whether the RS is associated with (or comprised in) the DL symbol or in the SBFD symbol. In response to determining that the RS is associated with (or comprised in) the SBFD symbol, wireless device 2020 may determine the available frequency resources based on RS configurations 2004 and reference SBFD configuration 2008. In response to determining that the RS is associated with (or comprised in) the DL symbol, wireless device 2020 may determine the available frequency resources based on RS configurations 2004.

[0337] Examples of the frequency resources may be resource blocks, physical resource blocks, virtual resource blocks, subcarriers, or tones. The measurements may be associated with one or more cells of plurality of cells 2006. Measurement report 2010 may include the measurements (e.g., an RSRP, an RSRQ, an SINR, an L1-RSRP, an L1-SINR, an RSTD, a PRS-RSRP, a PCI, a CGI, etc.).

[0338] In an example, reference SBFD configuration 2008 may comprise frequency location of a subband of one or more SBFD symbols. In an example, the frequency location of the subband of the one or more SBFD time resources (e.g., SBFD symbols) may comprise at least one of: a number of subbands, aDocket No.: 24-1246PCT bandwidth of the subband, a subcarrier spacing of the subband, a frequency of the subband, or an indication of a guard band of the subband.

[0339] The number of subbands may also be referred to as a reference number of subbands. The bandwidth of the subband may also be referred to as a reference bandwidth of the subband. The subcarrier spacing of the subband may also be referred to as a reference subcarrier of the subband. The frequency of the subband may also be referred to as a reference frequency of the subband. The guard band of the subband may also be referred to as a reference guard band of the subband.

[0340] The number of subbands may be referred to as (or indicate) a number of subbands (or one or more subbands) belonging to (or comprised in) a SBFD time resource (e.g., an SBFD symbol). In an example, the number of subbands may be an integer of a value between 1 and K21 . In an example, K21 may be 4 In another example, K21 may be 2. In yet another example, K21 may be 1 , e.g., one subband.

[0341] In an example, the number of subbands may depend on (or associated with) a frequency (e.g., a carrier frequency) or a frequency range (FR). For example, the FR may be a frequency range 1 (FR1) or a frequency range 2 (FR2). Frequencies in FR1 may be lower than frequencies in FR2. In another example, the number of subbands may depend on (or associated with) a bandwidth (or a transmission bandwidth or a radio frequency (RF) bandwidth) of a cell. In yet another example, the number of subbands may depend on (or associated with) a numerology (e.g., an SCS, a CP length, a duration of a time slot, a duration of a symbol, etc.) of a signal. In yet another example, the number of subbands may depend on (or associated with) a frequency band. For example, the frequency location of the subband may indicate (or comprise) two subbands for a frequency band A and one subbands for a frequency band B.

[0342] In an example, the bandwidth of the subband may also be referred to as a transmission bandwidth, a channel bandwidth, an operating bandwidth, a radio frequency (RF) bandwidth, or a subband bandwidth. In an example, the bandwidth of the subband may comprise (or indicate or correspond to) one or more frequency resources. In another example, the bandwidth of the subband may be indicated by an uplink bandwidth parameter. In this example, the uplink bandwidth parameter may comprise (or indicate or correspond to) the one or more frequency resources. The one or more frequency resources may be expressed in terms of frequency units (e.g., Y11 MHz) or in a number of resource blocks (RBs) (or PRBs) (e.g , Y12 RBs). Examples of the bandwidth of the subband may be 11 RBs, 15 RBs, 18 RBs, 24 RBs, 25 RBs, 32 RBs, 52 RBs, 106 RBs, 124 RBs, 148 RBs, 188 RBs, 248 RBs, 273 RBs, or any reasonable value.

[0343] In an example, the subcarrier spacing (SCS) may be associated with the one or more frequency resources comprised in the subband. In another example, the SCS may be associated with a signal. The signal may be transmitted based on (or over or using) the one or more frequency resources. The one or more frequency resources may be comprised in (or belong to) the subband. The SCS may also be referred to as an SCS of the subband. In an example, the bandwidth of the subband may be associated with (orDocket No.: 24-1246PCT depend on or based on) the SCS. The SCS may be expressed in terms of frequency units (e.g., Y12 KHz). Examples of the SCS may be 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, 480 kHz, 960 kHz, or any other reasonable value.

[0344] In an example, the frequency of the subband may indicate (or comprise) a starting frequency, an ending frequency, or a center frequency of the subband (or of frequencies comprised in the subband). For example, the starting frequency may indicate (or correspond to) the lowest (or smallest) frequency of the subband. In another example, the ending frequency may indicate (or correspond to) the highest frequency of the subband. In another example, the subband (or the bandwith of the subband) may be centered around (or at) the center frequency of the subband.

[0345] In an example, the frequency (e.g., the starting frequency, the ending frequency, or the center frequency) of the subband may indicate (or comprise or correspond to) a frequency channel number or an offset. For example, the frequency of the subband may be determined based on the frequency channel number or the offset.

[0346] In an example, the frequency channel number may be (or may comprise) an absolute channel number, e g., an absolute frequency channel number (ARFCN), an NR-ARFCN, etc. In an example, the frequency channel number may be a downlink frequency channel number, e.g., a DL ARFCN, a DL NR- ARFCN, etc. In another example, the frequency channel number may be an uplink frequency channel number, e.g., an UL ARFCN, an UL NR-ARFCN, etc.

[0347] In an example, the offset may be relative to (or based on or from) a reference frequency. In an example, the reference frequency may also be referred to as a Point A, an absolute frequency Point A (e.g., absoluteFrequencyPointA), or a common frequency. In an example, the offset may depend on the SCS, e.g., an SCS associated with the subband. The offset may also be referred to as an offset to the reference frequency, an offset to the Pont A, an offset to the absolute frequency Point A, an offset of the subband, a frequency offset, a subband frequency offset, a subband offset, an offset to a carrier frequency (or a carrier), or an offset to a carrier (e.g., offsetToCarrier). In an example, the reference frequency (e.g., absoluteFrequencyPointA) may indicate an absolute frequency position of a lowest subcarrier (e.g., subcarrier 0) of a reference resource block (RB). The reference may also be referred to as a common RB 0 (or an RB of index 0, or an RB 0, or an RB number 0).

[0348] For example, the offset (e.g., in a frequency domain) may indicate an offset (or a difference or a separation) between the reference frequency (e.g., the Point A or the absolute frequency Point A) and a reference subcarrier of the subband. In an example, the reference subcarrier of the subband may belong to (or be comprised in) the frequency of the subband. In another example, the reference subcarrier of the subband may belong to (or be comprised in) the bandwidth of the subband. In yet another example, the reference subcarrier of the subband may be the lowest subcarrier (e.g., associated with lowest index) (orDocket No.: 24-1246PCT the lowest usable subcarrier) of the frequency of the subband. In yet another example, the reference subcarrier of the subband may be a subcarrier of index 0 of an RB comprised in the subband. The RB may also be referred to as a starting RB (or a starting PRB). For example, the RB may be indicated by an index (or an RB index).

[0349] In an example, the offset may be expressed (or defined or indicated) in terms of a number of RBs (or PRBs). For example, the offset may have a value between 0 and Y13 RBs. In an example, Y13 may be 2199 RBs. In an example, Y13 may depend on a numerology, e.g., an SCS, a CP length (in time), a duration of a symbol, a duration of a time slot, etc. For example, the offset of 300 RBs may indicate that the lowest (or the starting frequency) of the subband may be 300 RBs relative (or from) the Point A (e.g., absoluteFrequencyPointA) .

[0350] In an example, the reference frequency may be indicated by (or based on or correspond to) a frequency channel number, e.g., an absolute frequency channel number (ARFCN), an NR-ARFCN, etc. In an example, the frequency channel number of the reference frequency may be a DL frequency channel number (e.g., a DL ARFCN, a DL NR-ARFCN, etc.). In an example, the frequency channel number of the reference frequency may be an UL frequency channel number (e.g., an UL ARFCN, an UL NR-ARFCN, etc.). In an example, the DL frequency channel number may correspond to (or associated with) a carrier frequency (e.g., a DL carrier frequency) of a cell. In another example, the UL frequency channel number may correspond to (or associated with) a carrier frequency (e.g., an UL carrier frequency) of a cell.

[0351] In another example, the reference frequency may be a reference subcarrier of a carrier frequency. The carrier frequency may be indicated by (or based on or correspond to) a frequency channel number, e.g., an absolute frequency channel number (ARFCN), an NR-ARFCN, etc. The carrier frequency may be (or based on or correspond to) a DL carrier frequency of a cell or an UL carrier frequency of a cell. In an example, reference subcarrier may be the lowest subcarrier of a reference resource block (RB) of the carrier frequency (e.g., an absoluteFrequencyPointA'). In an example, the reference subcarrier (e.g., the lowest subcarrier) may be (or correspond to) a subcarrier of index 0 (or the first subcarrier) within the reference RB. In an example, the reference RB may be (or correspond to) an RB of index 0 (or of number 0 or RB 0). The reference RB may also be referred to as a common RB 0. In an example, the reference subcarrier and / or the reference RB may belong to (or be comprised) in a bandwidth of a cell.

[0352] In an example, an indication of a guard band of a subband may indicate a guard band associated with (or related to) the subband. The guard band of the subband may comprise one or more frequencies (in a frequency domain). Frequencies of the subband may not overlap with frequencies of the guard band of the subband in a frequency domain. In another example, the frequencies of the guard band of one subband (e.g , a first subband) may not overlap with frequencies of another subband (e.g., a second subband) in a frequency domain. For example, the guard band, the first subband, and the second subband may beDocket No.: 24-1246PCT comprised in an SBFD symbol. In an example, the first subband may be an uplink subband and the second subband may be a downlink subband.

[0353] The guard band of the subband may also be referred to as restricted frequencies, unused frequencies, or unusable frequencies. A size (or length) of the guard band of the subband in a frequency domain may be expressed (or defined) in terms of one or more frequency resources, e.g., Z11 PRB, Z12 subcarriers, etc. In another example, the size of the guard band of the subband in a frequency domain may be expressed (or defined) in terms of one or more frequency units, e.g., Z13 MHz, etc.

[0354] The guard band of the subband may be comprised in an SBFD symbol (in a time domain). During the SBFD symbol, a cell may not transmit a DL signal or receive an UL signal over frequencies within (or comprised in or belong to) the guard band of the subband. In another example, during the SBFD symbol, a wireless device may not transmit a DL signal or receive an UL signal over frequencies within (or comprised in or belong to) the guard band of the subband.

[0355] In an example, the frequencies of the guard band of the subband may be located (in frequency domain) before (or below) the lowest frequency of the frequencies of the subband. For example, the highest (or largest) frequency of the frequencies of the guard band of the subband may occur (in frequency domain) immediately after the lowest or smallest) frequency of the frequencies of the subband.

[0356] In another example, frequencies of the guard band of the subband may be located (in frequency domain) after (or above) the highest frequency of the frequencies of the subband. For example, the lowest (or smallest) frequency of the frequencies of the guard band of the subband may occur (in frequency domain) immediately before the highest (or largest) frequency of the frequencies of the subband.

[0357] In another example, the guard band of the subband may be referred to as a guard band, a guard band of an SBFD, a guard band of the first subband (e.g., an UL subband) and the second subband (e.g., a DL subband), a guard band between the first subband (e.g., an UL subband) and the second subband (e.g , a DL subband), a guard band between a pair of successive first subband (e.g , an UL subband) and the second subband (e.g., a DL subband) (in a frequency domain). For example, frequencies of the guard band of the second subband (e.g., a DL subband (or guard band of an SBFD) may be comprised between frequencies of the second subband (e.g., a DL subband) and frequencies of first subband (e.g., an UL subband) (as described below).

[0358] For example, frequencies of the guard band of the first subband (e.g., an UL subband) may be located (in frequency domain) after (or above) the highest (or largest) frequency of the frequencies of the first subband (e.g., an UL subband) and below the lowest (or smallest) frequency of the frequencies of the second subband (e.g., a DL subband).

[0359] In another example, frequencies of the guard band of the first subband (e.g., an UL subband) may be located (in frequency domain) below the lowest (or smallest) frequency of the frequencies of the firstDocket No.: 24-1246PCT subband (e.g., an UL subband) and above the highest (or largest) frequency of the frequencies of the second subband (e.g., a DL subband).

[0360] In an example, the indication of the guard band of the subband may indicate the size of the guard band (e.g., in one or more frequency resources or in frequency units, etc.). For example, two or more values of the guard band of the subband may be pre-defined, e.g., Y21 PRBs, Y22 PRBs, etc. For example, the indication of the guard band of the subband may comprise a field (e.g., an RRC message) of one or more bits. For example, the field may be of one bit. For example, bit 0 and bit 1 may indicate the size of the guard band of Y21 PRBs and Y22 PRBs respectively.

[0361] In an example, one of the two or more pre-defined values of the guard band of the subband may be referred to as a default value. For example, an absence of the indication of the guard band of the subband may indicate the default value.

[0362] In another example, an absence of the indication of the guard band of the subband may indicate that a cell may not support (or require) the guard band of the subband.

[0363] In example, reference SBFD configuration 2008 may comprise (or indicate) a time location of the one or more SBFD symbols. In an example, the time location of the one or more SBFD symbols may comprise (or indicate) at least one of: an index of a starting time slot, an index of a starting SBFD symbol within the starting time slot, an index of an ending time slot, an index of an ending SBFD symbol within the ending time slot, a number of SBFD symbols in a time slot, a number of downlink symbols in a time slot, or an indication of a guard period.

[0364] In an example, the index of the starting time slot may be an integer. For example, the index of the starting time slot may have a value between 0 and K11 . In example, K11 may be 5119 (e.g., up to 5120 slots in total). In an example, K11 may depend on a numerology of a signal, e.g., a subcarrier spacing, a slot length, a CP length, etc. The starting time slot may also be referred to as a starting SBFD slot or a first SBFD slot A starting SBFD time resource (e.g , a starting SBFD symbol) of the one or more SBFD time resources (e.g., SBFD symbols) in an SBFD time period may be comprised (or located in) in the starting time slot. The starting SBFD time resource may also be referred to as a first SBFD time resource (e.g., a first SBFD symbol) of the one or more SBFD time resources e.g., SBFD symbols) in the SBFD time period. The SBFD time period is according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g., SBFD time period 1840) and / or in FIG. 19 (e.g., SBFD time period 1940).

[0365] In an example, the index of the starting SBFD symbol within the starting time slot may be an integer. For example, the index of the starting SBFD symbol may have a value between 0 and K12. In example, K12 may be 13 (e.g., up to 14 symbols in a time slot). For example, an index of 0 may indicate that the starting SBFD symbol is the first symbol within the starting time slot. In another example, an index of 13 may indicate that the starting SBFD symbol is the last symbol within the starting time slot. The startingDocket No.: 24-1246PCTSBFD time symbol may also be referred to as the first SBFD symbol of the one or more SBFD symbols (as described above). The starting SBFD symbol may also be referred to as the first SBFD symbol of the one or more SBFD symbols in the SBFD time period. The SBFD time period is according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g., SBFD time period 1840) and / or in FIG. 19 (e.g., SBFD time period 1940).

[0366] In an example, the index of the ending time slot may be an integer. For example, the index of the ending time slot may have a value between 0 and K11 (K11 as described above). An ending SBFD time resource (e.g., an ending SBFD symbol) of the one or more SBFD time resources (e.g., SBFD symbols) in an SBFD time period may be comprised (or located in) in the ending time slot. The ending SBFD time resource (e.g., the ending SBFD symbol) may also be referred to as a last SBFD time resource (e.g., a last SBFD symbol) of the one or more SBFD time resources (e.g., SBFD symbols) in the SBFD time period.

[0367] In an example, the index of the ending SBFD symbol within the ending time slot may be an integer. For example, the index of the starting SBFD symbol may have a value between 0 and K12 (K12 as described above). For example, an index of 0 may indicate that the ending SBFD symbol is the first symbol within the ending time slot. In another example, an index of 13 may indicate that the ending SBFD symbol is the last symbol within the ending time slot. The ending SBFD time symbol may also be referred to as the last SBFD symbol (as described above).

[0368] In an example, the number of SBFD symbols in a time slot containing one or more SBFD symbols and one or more downlink symbols, may be an integer. In an example, the time slot may be indicated by an index of the time slot. The index of the time slot may have a value between 0 and K11 (K11 as described above). The number of SBFD symbols in a time slot may have a value between 0 and K14. In an example, K14 may depend on a numerology of a signal, e.g., a subcarrier spacing, a slot length, a CP length, etc. For example, K14 may be 13 symbols for a normal CP and 11 symbols for an extended CP, e.g., a duration of the extended CP is larger than a duration of the normal CP.

[0369] In an example, the number of downlink symbols in a time slot containing one or more downlink symbols and one or more SBFD symbols, may be an integer. In an example, the time slot may be indicated by an index of the time slot. The index of the time slot may have a value between 0 and K11 (K11 as described above). The number of downlink symbols in a time slot may have a value between 0 and K14 (K14 as described above).

[0370] In an example, the indication of a guard period may indicate a time period between an SBFD symbol and a DL symbol, or between an SBFD symbol and an UL symbol. During the guard period a cell may not transmit a DL signal or receive an UL signal. For example, the cell may not transmit the DL signal over (or using) a DL frequency resource (e.g., a DL PRB, a DL subcarrier, etc.). In another example, the cell may not receive the UL signal over (or using) an UL frequency resource (e.g., an UL PRB, an UL subcarrier, etc.). In another example, during the guard period, wireless device 2020 may not transmit a DLDocket No.: 24-1246PCT signal or receive an UL signal. For example, wireless device 2020 may not transit a DL signal over (or using) a DL frequency resource (e.g., a DL PRB, a DL subcarrier, etc.). In another example, wireless device 2020 may not receive the UL signal over (or using) an UL frequency resource (e.g., an UL PRB, an UL subcarrier, etc.).

[0371] The guard period may also be referred to as an unused time duration, a guard time, a guard duration, a switching time, a transition time, etc. For example, the cell may switch (or change or transition) between a DL symbol and an SBFD symbol, or between an UL symbol and an SBFD symbol. In an example, the guard period may be expressed in (or defined in) terms of a time unit (e.g., L11 pis). In another example, the guard period may be expressed in (or defined in) terms of a time resource (e.g., L12 symbols, L13 slots, L14 subframes, etc.).

[0372] In an example, the guard period may occur (or located in time) before the starting SBFD symbol (or the first SBFD symbol as described above). For example, the guard period may end before the start of the starting SBFD symbol. In another example, the guard period may end immediately before the start of the starting SBFD symbol.

[0373] In an example, the guard period may occur (or located in time) after the ending SBFD symbol (or the last SBFD symbol as described above). For example, the guard period may start after the end of the ending SBFD symbol. In another example, the guard period may start immediately after the end of the ending SBFD symbol.

[0374] In an example, the indication of a guard period may indicate a duration of the guard period. For example, a value of the guard period may be pre-defined (e.g., X15 pis or X16 symbols). A cell may or may not support (or require) the guard period. The indication may be comprised in a field (e.g., an F1AP message). In an example, a presence of the field may indicate the guard period. Absence of the field may indicate that the cell may not support (or require) the guard period. In another example, the indication may comprise a bit. For example, bit 0 may indicate that the cell may not support (or require) the guard period. For example, bit 1 may indicate or referred to the value of the guard period, e.g., the pre-defined value.

[0375] In another example, two or more values of the guard period may be pre-defined. For example, the indication of the guard period may comprise one or more bits. In an example the pre-defined values may be expressed in terms of time units, e.g., X11 pis, X12 pis, etc. In this example, the indication of the guard period may indicate (or correspond to) one of the pre-defined values, e.g., X11 pis or X12 pis. For example, bit 0 and bit 1 may correspond to (or indicate) X11 pis and X12 pis respectively. In another example the pre-defined values may be expressed in terms of time resources, e.g., X13 symbols, X14 symbols, etc. In this example, the indication of the guard period may indicate one of the pre-defined values, e.g., X13 symbols or X14 symbols. For example, bit 0 and bit 1 may correspond to (or indicate) X13 symbols and X14 symbols respectively.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0376] In an example, the indication of the guard period may be an optional parameter. In one example, absence of the indication of the guard period may indicate that the cell may not support (or require) the guard period. In another example, one of the pre-defined values of the indication of the guard period may be referred to as a default value. For example, absence of the indication may indicate the default value.

[0377] In an example, the guard period (e.g . , the value of the guard band) may depend on (or associated with) a frequency band, e.g., the frequency band of a cell. For example, the cell may transmit a signal or receive a signal in the cell based on the frequency band.

[0378] In an example, the guard period (e.g., the value of the guard band) may depend on (or associated with) a numerology of a signal, e.g., a subcarrier spacing, a duration of a cyclic prefix (CP), a duration of a symbol, a duration of a time slot, etc. For example, a cell may transmit a signal or receive a signal in the cell based on the numerology.

[0379] In an example, the guard period (e.g., the value of the guard band) may depend on a number of subbands (e.g., a number of UL subbands in an SBFD symbol and / or a number of DL subbands in an SBFD symbols). In another example, the guard period (e.g., the value of the guard band) may depend on a bandwidth (or a transmission bandwidth). The bandwidth may be referred to as a bandwidth of a cell, a bandwidth of the subband (e.g., a bandwidth of the UL subband or a bandwidth of the DL subband).

[0380] In an example, the subband of the one or more SBFD symbols may be (or comprise or indicate or correspond to or refer to) an uplink subband. The uplink subband may be associated with one or mre uplink signals (e.g., an SRS, a PUCCH, a PUSCH, a PRACH, etc.). For example, wireless device 2020 may transmit the one or more uplinks in the uplink subbands. For example, reference SBFD configuration 2008 may comprise frequency location of the uplink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols. In an example, the frequency location of the uplink subband of the one or more SBFD time resources (e.g., SBFD symbols) may comprise at least one of: a number of uplink subbands, a bandwidth of the uplink subband, a subcarrier spacing of the uplink subband, a frequency of the uplink subband, or an indication of a guard band of the uplink subband.

[0381] The number of uplink subbands, the bandwidth of the uplink subband, the subcarrier spacing of the uplink subband, the frequency of the uplink subband, and the indication of the guard band of the uplink subband are according to the examples as described above (e.g., the number of subbands, the bandwidth of the subband, the subcarrier spacing of subband, the frequency of the subband, and the indication of the guard band of the subband).

[0382] The number of uplink subbands may also be referred to as a reference number of uplink subbands. The bandwidth of the uplink subband may also be referred to as a reference bandwidth of the uplink subband. The subcarrier spacing of the uplink subband may also be referred to as a reference subcarrier of the uplink subband. The frequency of the uplink subband may also be referred to as a reference frequencyDocket No.: 24-1246PCT of the uplink subband. The guard band of the uplink subband may also be referred to as a reference guard band of the uplink subband.

[0383] In an example, the subband of the one or more SBFD symbols may be (or comprise or indicate or correspond to or refer to) a downlink subband (e.g., the downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols). The downlink subband may be associated with one or more downlink signals (e.g., an SSB, a CSI-RS, a PRS, a PDCCH, a PDSCH, a PBCH, etc.). For example, wireless device 2020 may receive the one or more downlinks in the downlink subband. For example, reference SBFD configuration 2008 may comprise frequency location of the downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols. In an example, the frequency location of the downlink subband of the one or more SBFD time resources (e.g., SBFD symbols) may comprise at least one of: a number of downlink subbands, a bandwidth of the downlink subband, a subcarrier spacing of the downlink subband, a frequency of the downlink subband, or an indication of a guard band of the downlink subband.

[0384] The number of downlink subbands, the bandwidth of the downlink subband, the subcarrier spacing of the downlink subband, the frequency of the downlink subband, and the indication of the guard band of the downlink subband are according to the examples as described above (e.g., the number of subbands, the bandwidth of the subband, the subcarrier spacing of subband, the frequency of the subband, and the indication of the guard band of the subband).

[0385] The number of downlink subbands may also be referred to as a reference number of downlink subbands. The bandwidth of the downlink subband may also be referred to as a reference bandwidth of the downlink subband. The subcarrier spacing of the downlink subband may also be referred to as a reference subcarrier of the downlink subband. The frequency of the downlink subband may also be referred to as a reference frequency of the downlink subband. The guard band of the downlink subband may also be referred to as a reference guard band of the downlink subband.

[0386] In an example, reference SBFD configuration 2008 may indicate (or comprise) two or more downlink subbands. For example, the two or more downlink subbands may be a first downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols, and a second downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols. For example, reference SBFD configuration 2008 may indicate (or comprise) one or more parameters associated with the first downlink subband, and one or more parameters associated with the second downlink subband. For example, reference SBFD configuration 2008 may comprise frequency location of the first downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols.

[0387] In an example, the frequency location of the first downlink subband of the one or more SBFD time resources (e.g., SBFD symbols) may comprise at least one of: a bandwidth of the first downlink subband, a subcarrier spacing of the first downlink subband, a frequency of the first downlink subband, or an indication of a guard band of the first downlink subband.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0388] The bandwidth of the first downlink subband, the subcarrier spacing of the first downlink subband, the frequency of the first downlink subband, and the indication of the guard band of the first downlink subband are according to the examples as described above (e.g., the bandwidth of the subband, the subcarrier spacing of subband, the frequency of the subband, and the indication of the guard band of the subband).

[0389] The bandwidth of the first downlink subband may also be referred to as a first reference bandwidth of the first downlink subband. The subcarrier spacing of the first downlink subband may also be referred to as a first reference subcarrier of the first downlink subband. The frequency of the first downlink subband may also be referred to as a first reference frequency of the first downlink subband. The guard band of the first downlink subband may also be referred to as a first reference guard band of the first downlink subband.

[0390] In an example, the frequency location of the first downlink subband of the one or more SBFD time resources (e.g., SBFD symbols) may comprise at least one of: a bandwidth of the first downlink subband, a subcarrier spacing of the first downlink subband, a frequency of the first downlink subband, or an indication of a guard band of the first downlink subband.

[0391] The bandwidth of the second downlink subband, the subcarrier spacing of the second downlink subband, the frequency of the second downlink subband, and the indication of the guard band of the second downlink subband are according to the examples as described above (e.g., the bandwidth of the subband, the subcarrier spacing of subband, the frequency of the subband, and the indication of the guard band of the subband).

[0392] The bandwidth of the second downlink subband may also be referred to as a second reference bandwidth of the second downlink subband. The subcarrier spacing of the second downlink subband may also be referred to as a second reference subcarrier of the second downlink subband. The frequency of the second downlink subband may also be referred to as a second reference frequency of the second downlink subband. The guard band of the second downlink subband may also be referred to as a second reference guard band of the second downlink subband.

[0393] In an example, frequencies within the first bandwidth of the first downlink subband are higher (or larger) than frequencies within the second bandwidth of the second downlink subband. In another example, the frequencies within the first bandwidth of the first downlink subband are smaller (or lower) than the frequencies within the second bandwidth of the second downlink subband. The first downlink subband and the second downlink subband are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 19 (e.g., DL subband 1922 and DL subband 1926).

[0394] In an example, reference SBFD configuration 2008 may be associated with two or more cells of plurality of cells 2006. For example, reference SBFD configuration 2008 may be referred to as a commonDocket No.: 24-1246PCT(or an intersecting or an overlapping or a composite or a general) SBFD configuration of plurality of cells 2006. In an example, RS configurations 2004 may comprise (or indicate) a first RS configuration of a first cell and a second RS configuration of a second cell. The first cell and the second cell may belong to plurality of cells 2006.

[0395] In an example, the first cell may be a serving cell, and the second cell may be a neighbor cell. In another example, the first cell may be a first neighbor cell, and the second cell may be a second neighbor cell. In an example, the first cell and the second cell may be associated with (or belong to or operate on) the same carrier frequency (e.g . , same ARFCN, same refFreqCSI-RS, etc.). The carrier frequency may be an intra-frequency or an inter-frequency carrier.

[0396] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform a first measurement on a first RS in first frequency resources. In an example, wireless device 2020 may determine the first frequency resources based on the first RS configuration and reference SBFD configuration 2008. For example, the first RS may be associated with the first configuration. The first frequency resources may also be referred to as first available frequency resources, first usable frequency resources, first downlink usable frequency resources, first usable RBs (e.g., first usable PRBs), first available RBs (e.g., first available PRBs), first available subcarriers, first usable subcarriers, first measurable frequency resources, first measurable RBs (or PRBs), a first measurement bandwidth, or a first measurable bandwidth.

[0397] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform a second measurement on a second RS in second frequency resources. In an example, wireless device 2020 may determine the second frequency resources based on the second RS configuration and reference SBFD configuration 2008. For example, the second RS may be associated with the second configuration. The second frequency resources may also be referred to as second available frequency resources, second usable frequency resources, second downlink usable frequency resources, second usable RBs (e.g., second usable PRBs), second available RBs (e.g., second available PRBs), second available subcarriers, second usable subcarriers, second measurable frequency resources, second measurable RBs (or PRBs), a second measurement bandwidth, or a second measurable bandwidth.

[0398] In an example, the first frequency resources and the second frequency resources may be associated with the first downlink subband For example, the first frequency resources may be comprised within the first bandwidth of the first downlink subband. In another example, a bandwidth comprising the first frequency resources may be equal to or less than the first bandwidth of the first downlink subband. For example, the second frequency resources may also be comprised within the first bandwidth of the first downlink subband. In another example, a bandwidth comprising the second frequency resources may be equal to or less than the first bandwidth of the first downlink subband.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0399] In an example, the first RS may be a CSI-RS of the first cell. In another example, the second RS may be a CSI-RS of the second cell. In yet example, the first RS may be a PRS of the first cell. In yet another example, the second RS may be a PRS of the second cell.

[0400] In an example, reference SBFD configuration 2008 may indicate (or comprise) the first reference bandwidth of the first downlink subband (as described above). For example, the first reference bandwidth may be B11 number of PRBs (e.g . , 48 PRBs). In an example, the first RS configuration may indicate (or comprise) a first bandwidth of the first RS (e.g., a CSI-RS). For example, the first bandwidth may be B12 number of PRBs (e.g., 96 PRBs). In another example, the second RS configuration may indicate (or comprise) a second bandwidth of the second RS (e.g., a CSI-RS). For example, the second bandwidth may be B13 number of PRBs (e.g., 96 PRBs). In an example, the ending (or last or highest) frequencies of the first RS, the second RS, and the first downlink subband may be the same. For example, the first frequency resources may be an intersection of B11 and B12, e.g., 48 PRBs. For example, the second frequency resources may be an intersection of B11 and B13, e.g., 48 PRBs. In this example, wireless device 2020 may perform the first measurement on 48 PRBs of the first RS, and the second measurement also on 48 PRBs of the second RS. Wireless device 2020 may include the first measurement and the second measurement in measurement report 2010.

[0401] In an example, reference SBFD configuration 2008 may be associated with a reference cell. In an example, the reference cell may be a serving cell (e.g., a PCell, a PSCell, or an SCell) of wireless device 2020. In another example, node 2040 may indicate the reference cell. For example, node 2040 may include an identifier (e.g., a PCI, a CGI, a serving cell index, etc.) of the reference cell in the measurement configuration, RS configurations 2004, or reference SBFD configuration 2008.

[0402] In an example, node 2024 may transmit (or send or signal) to wireless device 2020, an indication. The indication may also be referred to as a flag. The indication may be an RRC message, MAC-CE, or a DCI command In an example, the indication may be comprised in the measurement configuration, RS configurations 2004, or reference SBFD configuration 2008.

[0403] In an example, the indication may comprise one or more bits. The indication may indicate an association: between reference SBFD configuration 2004 and a first SBFD configuration; and between reference SBFD configuration 2004 and a second SBFD configuration. The first SBFD configuration may be associated with the first cell, and the second SBFD configuration may be associated with the second cell. For example, the first SBFD configuration may be an SBFD configuration of the first cell. In another example, the second SBFD configuration may be an SBFD configuration of the second cell.

[0404] In an example, the indication may indicate whether the first SBFD configuration and the second SBFD configuration are same as reference SBFD configuration 2008. For example, the indication may indicate that the first SBFD configuration and the second SBFD configuration are same as reference SBFDDocket No.: 24-1246PCT configuration 2008. In another example, the indication may indicate that the first SBFD configuration and the second SBFD configuration are not same as (or are different compared to) reference SBFD configuration 2008.

[0405] In another example, the indication may indicate whether SBFD configurations of plurality of cells 2006 is the same as reference SBFD configuration 2008. In an example, plurality of cells 2006 and the reference cell may operate (or belong) to the same carrier frequency. In another example, the reference cell may operate on (or belong to) a first carrier frequency and plurality of cells 2006 may operate on (or belong to) a second carrier frequency. For example, the first carrier frequency may be an intra-frequency carrier, and the second carrier frequency may be an inter-frequency carrier. In another example, the first carrier frequency may be a first inter-frequency carrier, and the second carrier frequency may be a second inter-frequency carrier.

[0406] In another example, the indication may indicate whether SBFD configurations of one or more cells of plurality of cells 2006 are the same as reference SBFD configuration 2008.

[0407] In another example, the indication may indicate whether one or more cells of plurality of cells 2006 are associated with (or support) the SBFD (or the SBFD operation).

[0408] In another example, the indication may indicate (or provide) a first list of cells of plurality of cells 2006. For example, SBFD configurations of the first list of cells may be the same as reference SBFD configuration 2008.

[0409] In another example, the indication may indicate (or provide) a second list of cells of plurality of cells 2006. For example, SBFD configurations of the second list of cells may be different than (or compared to) reference SBFD configuration 2008.

[0410] In an example, the indication may be an optional parameter. For example, node 2024 may or may not transmit the indication. In an example, absence of the indicator may indicate that SBFD configurations of one or more cells of plurality of cells 2006 are the same as reference SBFD configuration 2008. In another example, presence of the indicator may indicate that an SBFD configuration of at least one cell of plurality of cells 2006 is different than reference SBFD configuration 2008.

[0411] In an example, wireless device 2020 may further determine the first frequency resources based on the indication. For example, wireless device 2020 may determine the first frequency resources based on the first RS configuration, the indication, and reference SBFD configuration 2008. In another example, wireless device 2020 may further determine the second frequency resources based on the indication. For example, wireless device 2020 may determine the second frequency resources based on the second RS configuration, the indication, and reference SBFD configuration 2008.

[0412] Wireless device 2020 may perform the first measurement on the first RSs in the first frequency resources, and the second measurement on the second RSs in the second frequency resources (asDocket No.: 24-1246PCT described above). Wireless device 2020 may include the first measurement and the second measurement in measurement report 2010 (as described above).

[0413] In an example, reference SBFD configuration 2008 may indicate (or comprise) the second reference bandwidth of the second downlink subband (as described above).

[0414] In an example, wireless device 2020 may determine third frequency resources based on the first RS configuration and reference SBFD configuration 2008. For example, the first RS may be associated with the first configuration. In another example, wireless device 2020 may determine the third frequency resources based on the first RS configuration, reference SBFD configuration 2008, and the indication (e.g., the indication as described above). The third frequency resources may also be referred to as third available frequency resources, third usable frequency resources, third downlink usable frequency resources, third usable RBs (e.g., third usable PRBs), third available RBs (e.g., third available PRBs), third available subcarriers, third usable subcarriers, third measurable frequency resources, third measurable RBs (or PRBs), a third measurement bandwidth, or a third measurable bandwidth.

[0415] In an example, wireless device 2020 may determine fourth frequency resources based on the second RS configuration and reference SBFD configuration 2008. For example, the second RS may be associated with the second configuration. In another example, wireless device 2020 may determine the fourth frequency resources based on the second RS configuration, reference SBFD configuration 2008, and the indication (e.g., the indication as described above). The fourth frequency resources may also be referred to as fourth available frequency resources, fourth usable frequency resources, fourth downlink usable frequency resources, fourth usable RBs (e.g., fourth usable PRBs), fourth available RBs (e.g., fourth available PRBs), fourth available subcarriers, fourth usable subcarriers, fourth measurable frequency resources, fourth measurable RBs (or PRBs), a fourth measurement bandwidth, or a fourth measurable bandwidth.

[0416] In an example, the third frequency resources and the fourth frequency resources may be associated with the second downlink subband. For example, the third frequency resources may be comprised within the second bandwidth of the second downlink subband. In another example, a bandwidth comprising the third frequency resources may be less than or equal to the second bandwidth of the second downlink subband. For example, the fourth frequency resources may also be comprised within the second bandwidth of the second downlink subband. In another example, a bandwidth comprising the fourth frequency resources may be less than or equal to the second bandwidth of the second downlink subband.

[0417] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform a third measurement on the first RS in the third frequency resources. For example, the third measurement may be associated with the first cell.

[0418] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform a fourth measurement on the second RS in the fourth frequency resources. For example, the fourth measurement may be associated with the second cell.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0419] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform a fifth measurement on the first RS in the first frequency resources and in the third frequency resources. For example, the fifth measurement may be associated with the first cell. The fifth measurement may also be referred to as a non-contiguous measurement, or a measurement over non-contiguous frequency resources (in a frequency domain).

[0420] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform a sixth measurement on the second RS in the second frequency resources and in the fourth frequency resources. For example, the sixth measurement may be associated with the second cell. The sixth measurement may also be referred to as a noncontiguous measurement, or a measurement over non-contiguous frequency resources (in a frequency domain). The third measurement, the fourth measurement, the fifth measurement, and the sixth measurement are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 17 (e.g., measurement 1700).

[0421] In an example, wireless device 2020 may receive from node 2024, a first message (e.g., via an RRC signaling, an LPP signaling, etc.). The first message may be comprised (or included) in the measurement configuration, RS configurations 2004, or in reference SBFD configuration 2008. In an example, the first message may indicate whether wireless device 2020 is to perform the third measurement, the fourth measurement, the fifth measurement, and / or the sixth measurement. In an example, wireless device 2020 may determine, based on the first message, whether wireless device 2020 is to perform the third measurement, the fourth measurement, the fifth measurement, and / or the sixth measurement.

[0422] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the third measurement based on the first message indicating that wireless device 2020 is to perform the third measurement. In another example, wireless device 2020 may not perform the third measurement based on the first message indicating that wireless device 2020 is not to perform the third measurement. In yet another example, wireless device 2020 may perform the fourth measurement based on the first message indicating that wireless device 2020 is to perform the fourth measurement. In yet another example, wireless device 2020 may not perform the fourth measurement based on the first message indicating that wireless device 2020 is not to perform the fourth measurement.

[0423] In yet another example, wireless device 2020 may perform the fifth measurement based on the first message indicating that wireless device 2020 is to perform the fifth measurement. In yet another example, wireless device 2020 may not perform the fifth measurement based on the first message indicating that wireless device 2020 is not to perform the sixth measurement. In yet another example, wireless device 2020 may perform the sixth measurement based on the first message indicating that wireless device 2020 is to perform the sixth measurement. In yet another example, wireless device 2020 may not perform the sixth measurement based on the first message indicating that wireless device 2020 is not to perform the sixth measurement.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0424] In an example, wireless device 2020 may receive from node 2024, a second message (e.g., via an RRC signaling, an LPP signaling, etc.). The second message may be comprised (or included) in the measurement configuration, RS configurations 2004, or in reference SBFD configuration 2008. In example, the second message may indicate whether wireless device 2020 is to report (or transmit or send) the third measurement, the fourth measurement, the fifth measurement, and / or the sixth measurement. For example, the second message may indicate whether wireless device 2020 is to include the third measurement, the fourth measurement, the fifth measurement, and / or the sixth measurement, in measurement report 2010. In an example, wireless device 2020 may determine, based on the second message, whether wireless device 2020 is to report (or transmit or send or include in measurement report 2010) the third measurement, the fourth measurement, the fifth measurement, and / or the sixth measurement.

[0425] In an example, wireless device 2020 may report (or include in measurement report 2010) the third measurement based on the message indicating that wireless device 2020 is to report the third measurement. In another example, wireless device 2020 may not report (or include in measurement report 2010) the third measurement based on the message indicating that wireless device 2020 is not to report (or send or transmit) the third measurement. In yet another example, wireless device 2020 may report (or include in measurement report 2010) the fourth measurement based on the message indicating that wireless device 2020 is to report the fourth measurement. In yet another example, wireless device 2020 may not report (or include in measurement report 2010) the fourth measurement based on the message indicating that wireless device 2020 is not to report (or send or transmit) the fourth measurement.

[0426] In yet another example, wireless device 2020 may report (or include in measurement report 2010) the fifth measurement based on the message indicating that wireless device 2020 is to report the fifth measurement. In yet another example, wireless device 2020 may not report (or include in measurement report 2010) the sixth measurement based on the message indicating that wireless device 2020 is not to report (or send or transmit) the sixth measurement.

[0427] In an example, wireless device 2020 may determine, based on one or more rules, whether wireless device 2020 is to perform the third measurement, the fourth measurement, the fifth measurement, and / or the sixth measurement. In another example, wireless device 2020 may determine, based on the one or more rules, whether wireless device 2020 is to report (or transmit or send) the third measurement, the fourth measurement, the fifth measurement, and / or the sixth measurement. The one or more rules may also be referred to as one or more requirements. The one or more requirements may also be referred to as measurements, radio resource management (RRM) requirements, etc. Examples of the one or more rules are described below.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0428] In an example, wireless device 2020 may determine a first relation (or mapping) between the first frequency resources and the third frequency resources. Wireless device 2020 may determine whether to perform the third measurement and / or the fifth measurement based on the first relation. Wireless device 2020 may further determine whether to report the third measurement and / or the fifth measurement based on the first relation. In another example, wireless device 2020 may determine a second relation (or mapping) between the third frequency resources and a first frequency threshold. Wireless device 2020 may determine whether to perform the third measurement and / or the fifth measurement based on the second relation. Wireless device 2020 may further determine whether to report the third measurement and / or the fifth measurement based on the second relation.

[0429] In an example, wireless device 2020 may determine a third relation (or mapping) between the second frequency resources and the fourth frequency resources. Wireless device 2020 may determine whether to perform the fourth measurement and / or the sixth measurement based on the third relation. Wireless device 2020 may further determine whether to report the fourth measurement and / or the sixth measurement based on the third relation. In another example, wireless device 2020 may determine a fourth relation (or mapping) between the fourth frequency resources and a second frequency threshold. Wireless device 2020 may determine whether to perform the fourth measurement and / or the sixth measurement based on the fourth relation. Wireless device 2020 may further determine whether to report the fourth measurement and / or the sixth measurement based on the fourth relation.

[0430] Examples of the first relation, the second relation, the third relation, and / or the fourth relation, may be a comparison, a difference, a sum, a ratio, a separation in a frequency domain, an average (or mean) a median, Zthpercentile, etc.

[0431] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the third measurement based on a number of the third frequency resources (e.g., a number of the third RBs) being larger than or equal to a number of the first frequency resources (e.g., a number of the first RBs). Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the third measurement.

[0432] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the third measurement based on a difference (or a magnitude of the difference) between the lowest frequency of the first frequency resources and the highest frequency of the third frequency resources, being larger than a third frequency threshold.Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the third measurement.

[0433] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the third measurement based on a difference (or a magnitude of the difference) between the highest frequency of the first frequency resources and the lowest frequency of the third frequency resources, being larger than a fourth frequency threshold.Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the third measurement.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0434] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the third measurement based on a number of the third frequency resources (e.g., a number of the third RBs) being larger than or equal to the first frequency threshold. Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the third measurement.

[0435] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the fifth measurement based on a number of the third frequency resources (e.g., a number of the third RBs) being larger than or equal to a number of the first frequency resources (e.g., a number of the first RBs). Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the fifth measurement.

[0436] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the fifth measurement based on a difference (or a magnitude of the difference) between the lowest frequency of the first frequency resources and the highest frequency of the third frequency resources, being smaller than a fifth frequency threshold.Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the fifth measurement.

[0437] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the fifth measurement based on a difference (or a magnitude of the difference) between the highest (or largest) frequency of the first frequency resources and the lowest (or smallest) frequency of the third frequency resources, being smaller than a sixth frequency threshold. Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the fifth measurement.

[0438] In the above examples, the difference (or the magnitude of the difference) may also be referred to as a gap or a separation (in a frequency domain) between the first frequency resources and the third frequency resources.

[0439] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the fifth measurement based on a number of the third frequency resources (e.g., a number of the third RBs) being larger than or equal to the seventh frequency threshold. Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the fifth measurement. Examples of the seventh frequency threshold may be 24 PRBs, 48 PRBs, etc.

[0440] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the fourth measurement based on a number of the fourth frequency resources (e.g., a number of the fourth RBs) being larger than or equal to a number of the second frequency resources (e.g., a number of the second RBs). Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the fourth measurement.

[0441] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the fourth measurement based on a difference (or a magnitude of the difference) between the lowest frequency of the fourth frequency resources and the highest frequency of the second frequency resources, being larger than an eighth frequency threshold. Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the fourth measurement.

[0442] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the fourth measurement based on a difference (or a magnitude of the difference) between the highest frequency of the fourth frequency resources and the lowest frequency of the second frequency resources, being larger than a ninth frequency threshold.Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the fourth measurement.Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0443] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the fourth measurement based on a number of the fourth frequency resources (e.g., a number of the third RBs) being larger than or equal to the second threshold. Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the fourth measurement.

[0444] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the sixth measurement based on a number of the fourth frequency resources (e.g., a number of the third RBs) being larger than or equal to a number of the second frequency resources (e.g., a number of the first RBs). Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the sixth measurement.

[0445] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the sixth measurement based on a difference (or a magnitude of the difference) between the lowest frequency of the second frequency resources and the highest frequency of the fourth frequency resources, being smaller than a tenth frequency threshold. Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the sixth measurement.

[0446] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the sixth measurement based on a difference (or a magnitude of the difference) between the highest (or largest) frequency of the second frequency resources and the lowest (or smallest) frequency of the fourth frequency resources, being smaller than an eleventh frequency threshold. Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the sixth measurement.

[0447] In the above examples, the difference (or the magnitude of the difference) may also be referred to as a gap or a separation (in a frequency domain) between the second frequency resources and the fourth frequency resources.

[0448] In an example, wireless device 2020 may perform the sixth measurement based on a number of the fourth frequency resources (e.g., a number of the third RBs) being larger than or equal to the twelfth frequency threshold. Otherwise, wireless device 2020 may not perform the sixth measurement. Examples of the twelfth frequency threshold may be 24 PRBs, 48 PRBs, etc.

[0449] In an example, the first frequency threshold, the second frequency threshold, the third frequency threshold, the fourth frequency threshold, the fifth frequency threshold, the sixth frequency threshold, the seventh frequency threshold, the eighth frequency threshold, the ninth frequency threshold, the tenth frequency threshold, the eleventh frequency threshold, and / or the twelfth frequency threshold, may be predefined.

[0450] In another example, wireless device 2020 may receive from node 2024 (e.g., via an RRC signaling), the first frequency threshold, the second frequency threshold, the third frequency threshold, the fourth frequency threshold, the fifth frequency threshold, the sixth frequency threshold, the seventh frequency threshold, the eighth frequency threshold, the ninth frequency threshold, the tenth frequency threshold, the eleventh frequency threshold, and / or the twelfth frequency threshold.

[0451] In yet another example, the first frequency threshold, the second frequency threshold, the third frequency threshold, the fourth frequency threshold, the fifth frequency threshold, the sixth frequencyDocket No.: 24-1246PCT threshold, the seventh frequency threshold, the eighth frequency threshold, the ninth frequency threshold, the tenth frequency threshold, the eleventh frequency threshold, and / or the twelfth frequency threshold, may be based on a capability of wireless device 2020. For example, wireless device 2020 may transmit to node 2024 (e.g., via an RRC signaling) one or more of the above frequency thresholds.

[0452] In an example, wireless device 2020 may transmit to node 2024, the third measurement, the fourth measurement, the fifth measurement, and / or the sixth measurement. For example, wireless device 2020 may include the third measurement, fourth measurement, the fifth measurement, and / or the sixth measurement in measurement report 2010.

[0453] Measurement report 2010 may further include one or more identifiers associated with the first measurement, the second measurement, the third measurement, the fourth measurement, the fifth measurement, and / or the sixth measurement. In an example, the one or more identifiers may be referred to as measurement identities, an identifier of a subband, an identifier of a cell (e.g., PCI), an identifier of a measurement object, an identifier of a carrier frequency (e.g., an ARFCN), etc.

[0454] For example, the identifier of the first downlink subband and the second downlink suband may comprise one or more bits. In an example, the identifier of the subband may comprise 1 bit, e.g., two possible values. In this example, a first value (e.g., bit value 0) may indicate the first downlink subband and a second value (e.g., bit value 1) may indicate the second downlink subband. For example, the first value (e.g., bit value 0) may be associated with the first measurement of the first cell and the second value (e.g., bit value 1) may be associated with the third measurement of the first cell. In another example, the first value (e.g., bit value 0) may be associated with the second measurement of the second cell and the second value (e.g., bit value 1) may be associated with the fourth measurement of the second cell.

[0455] In another example, the identifier of the subband may comprise 2 bits, e.g., four possible values. In this example, a first value (e.g., bit value 00) may indicate the first downlink subband, a second value (e.g., bit value 01) may indicate the second downlink subband, and a third value (e.g., bit value 10) may indicate the first downlink subband and the second downlink subband. For example, the first value (e.g., bit value 00) may be associated with the first measurement of the first cell, the second value (e.g., bit value 01) may be associated with the third measurement of the first cell, and the third value (e.g., bit value 10) may be associated with the fifth measurement of the first cell. In another example, the first value (e.g., bit value 00) may be associated with the second measurement of the second cell, the second value (e.g., bit value 01) may be associated with the fourth measurement of the second cell, and the third value (e.g., bit value 10) may be associated with the sixth measurement of the second cell.

[0456] In an example, node 2040 may transmit (or forward or signal or send) to a second node, reference SBFD configuration 2008 In an example, the second node may be a RAN node (e.g., the RAN node as described above). For example, node 2040 may transmit to the second node (e.g., the RAN node),Docket No.: 24-1246PCT reference SBFD configuration 2008 via an Xn application protocol (XnAP) signaling (e.g., over an Xn interface). In another example, the second node may be a core network node (e.g., the core network node as described above). For example, node 2040 may transmit to the second node (e.g., the core network node, e.g., an LMF), reference SBFD configuration 2008 via a next generation radio positioning protocol A (NRPPa) signaling (e.g., over an NRPPa interface).

[0457] For example, the second node may perform one or more tasks based on reference SBFD configuration 2008. In an example, the second node may align one or more parameters of a reference SBFD configuration associated with the second node with one or more parameters of reference SBFD configuration 2008.

[0458] In an example, node 2040 may determine (or create or construct or generate or form or identify) reference SBFD configuration 2008. For example, prior to transmitting (or sending or signaling) reference SBFD configuration 2008 to wireless device and / or the second node, node 2040 may determine (or create or construct or generate or form or identify) reference SBFD configuration 2008. In an example, node 2040 may determine reference SBFD configuration 2008 based on SBFD configurations of plurality of cells 2006. For example, the SBFD configurations may comprise the first SBFD configuration of the first cell, the second SBFD configuration of the second cell, and so on.

[0459] For example, node 2040 may obtain the SBFD configurations of plurality of cells 2006. In an example, the SBFD configurations of plurality of cells 2006 may be stored in node 2040 (e.g., predetermined by node 2040). In this example, node 2040 may retrieve from memory of node 2024, the SBFD configurations of plurality of cells 2006. In another example, node 2040 may receive from a third node, the SBFD configurations of plurality of cells 2006. In an example, the third node may be a base station, a gNB, a base station distributed unit (e.g., a gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU), a gNB central unit (gNB-CU), etc.

[0460] In an example, node 2040 may determine (or create or construct or generate or form or identify) reference SBFD configuration 2008 based on an intersection of the SBFD configurations. For example, the bandwidth of the downlink subband in reference SBFD configuration 2008 may correspond to an intersection of a bandwidth of a downlink subband in the first SBFD configuration of the first cell, and a bandwidth of a downlink subband in the second SBFD configuration of the second cell. In an example, the bandwidth of the downlink subband in the first SBFD configuration may be 96 RBs. In another example, the bandwidth of the downlink subband in the second SBFD configuration may be 72 RBs. In one example, the bandwidth of the downlink subband in reference SBFD configuration 2008 may be 72 RBs. In another example, the bandwidth of the downlink subband in reference SBFD configuration 2008 may be 60 RBs.

[0461] In an example, node 2020 may transmit to wireless device 2020, two or more measurement bandwidth configurations (e.g , csi-rs-MeasurementBW). The two or more measurement bandwidth configurations may be associated with each in a list of cells included in RS configuration. For example, theDocket No.: 24-1246PCT two or more measurement bandwidth configurations may be (or comprise or indicate) a first measurement bandwidth configuration, a second measurement bandwidth configuration, and a third measurement bandwidth configuration. Each measurement bandwidth of the two or more measurement bandwidth configurations may comprise (or indicate or include) a starting frequency resource (e.g., a starting PRB, startPRB) and a number of frequency resources (e.g., a number of PRBs, nrofPRBs).

[0462] The two or more measurement bandwidth configurations (e.g., csi-rs-MeasurementBW) may be comprised in RS configurations 2004 (e.g., CSI-RS-ResourceConfigMobility).

[0463] For example, the first measurement bandwidth configuration may comprise (or indicate or include), a first number of frequency resources (e.g., a first number of PRBs) and a first starting frequency resource (e.g , first starting PRB). For example, the second first measurement bandwidth configuration may comprise (or indicate or include), a second number of frequency resources (e.g., a second number of PRBs) and a second starting frequency resource (e.g., second starting PRB). For example, the third first measurement bandwidth configuration may comprise (or indicate or include), a third number of frequency resources (e.g., a third number of PRBs) and a third starting frequency resource (e.g., third starting PRB).

[0464] In an example, the first measurement bandwidth configuration may be associated with a downlink symbol. In another example, the second bandwidth configuration and the third measurement bandwidth configuration may be associated with an SBFD symbol. In yet another example, the second measurement bandwidth configuration may be associated with the first downlink subband of the SBFD symbol. In yet another example, the third measurement bandwidth configuration may be associated with the second downlink subband of the SBFD symbol.

[0465] In an example, node 2020 may transmit to wireless device 2020, a parameter (or an indication) associated with the two or more bandwidth configurations. For example, the parameter may indicate whether wireless device 2020 is to perform a measurement based on the first measurement bandwidth configuration, or based on the second measurement bandwidth configuration, or based on the second measurement bandwidth configuration and the third measurement bandwidth configuration.

[0466] In an example, the parameter may be included in (or comprised in) reference SBFD configuration 2008. In another example, the parameter may be included in (or comprised in) RS configurations 2004.

[0467] For example, based on the parameter, wireless device 2020 may determine whether wireless device 2020 is to perform a measurement (e.g., measurement 1700 in FIG. 17) based on the first measurement bandwidth configuration, or based on the second measurement bandwidth configuration, or based on the second measurement bandwidth configuration and the third measurement bandwidth configuration.

[0468] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of an SBFD configuration 2110 for a cell 2120 and an SBFD configuration 2150 for a cell 2160 as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. TheDocket No.: 24-1246PCT features illustrated in FIG 21 may be combined with the features previously discussed with reference to FIGs. 17, 18, 19, and / or 20.

[0469] As shown in FIG. 21 , SBFD configuration 2110 for cell 2120 may comprise (or include or be associated with) a DL time resource 2125, an SBFD time resource 2130, and an UL time resource 2140. DL time resource 2125, SBFD time resource 2130, and UL time resource 2140 may be comprised (or located in time) in an SBFD time period 2145. In an example (not shown in figure), cell 2120 may also comprise (or include or be associated with) one or more DL time resources 2125, one or more SBFD time resources 2130, and / or one or more UL time resources 2140. For example (not shown in figure), one or more DL time resources 2125, one or more SBFD time resources 2130, and / or one or more UL time resources 2140 may be comprised (or located in time) in an SBFD time period 2145.

[0470] SBFD configuration 2150 for cell 2160 may comprise (or include or be associated with) a DL time resource 2165, an SBFD time resource 2170, and an UL time resource 2180. DL time resource 2165, SBFD time resource 2170, and UL time resource 2180 may be comprised (or located in time) in an SBFD time period 2190. In an example (not shown in figure), cell 2160 may also comprise (or include or be associated with) one or more DL time resources 2165, one or more SBFD time resources 2170, and / or one or more UL time resources 2180. For example (not shown in figure), one or more DL time resources 2165, one or more SBFD time resources 2170, and / or one or more UL time resources 2180 may be comprised (or located in time) in an SBFD time period 2190.

[0471] In a frequency domain, SBFD time resource 2130 may include a DL subband 2131 and an UL subband 2132. A reference signal (RS) 2133 may be associated with frequency resources 2134. For example, frequencies of RS 2133 may be within frequency resources 2134. Frequency resources 2134 may also be referred to as a bandwidth of RS 2133, a usable bandwidth of RS 2133, or a DL usable bandwidth of RS 2133. Frequency resources 2134 may be within (or inside) a bandwidth of DL subband 2131.

[0472] In a frequency domain, SBFD time resource 2170 may include a DL subband 2171 and an UL subband 2172. Frequencies of a reference signal (RS) 2173 may be over a bandwidth of DL subband 2171 . RS 2173 may be associated with frequency resources 2174, even though frequencies of RS 2173 may also be outside frequency resources 2174. For example, frequencies of RS 2173 may also be over a bandwidth of DL subband 2171 . For example, the bandwidth of DL subband 2171 may be larger than frequency resources 2174.

[0473] SBFD configuration 2110 and SBFD configuration 2150 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g., time-frequency resources 1800). Cell 2120 and cell 2160 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 20 (e.g., plurality of cells 2006). DL time resource 2125 and DL time resource 2165 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g., DL time resource 1810). SBFDDocket No.: 24-1246PCT time resource 2130 and SBFD time resource 2170 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g SBFD time resource 1820). UL time resource 2140 and UL time resource 2180 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g., UL time resource 1830). SBFD time period 2145 and SBFD time period 2190 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g., SBFD time period 1840).

[0474] DL subband 2131 and DL subband 2171 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g., DL subband 1822) and / or in FIG. 20 (e.g., the downlink subband). UL subband 2132 and UL subband 2172 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 18 (e.g., UL subband 1824) and / or in FIG. 20 (e.g., the uplink subband). RS 2133 and RS 2173 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 20 (e.g., the first RS and the second RS). Frequency resources 2134 and frequency resources 2174 are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 20 (e.g., the first frequency resources and the second frequency resources).

[0475] In an example, frequency resources 2134 of RS 2133 and frequency resources 2174 of RS 2173 may be aligned in a frequency domain. In an example, a reference SBFD configuration may be based on an alignment of frequency resources 2134 for RS 2133 and frequency resources 2174 for RS 2173. For example, the reference SBFD configuration may be associated with cell 2120 and cell 2160. The reference SBFD configuration is according to the example embodiments in FIG. 20 (e.g., reference SBFD configuration 2008).

[0476] A wireless device may receive from a node, reference signal configurations of cell 2120 and cell 2160. For example, the reference signal configurations may be RS 2133 configuration and RS 2173 configuration. The reference signal configurations, RS 2133 configuration, and RS 2173 configuration are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 20 (e.g., reference signal configurations 2004, the first configuration, and the second configuration). The wireless device and the node are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 20 (e.g., wireless device 2020 and node 2040).

[0477] The wireless device may further receive from the node, the reference SBFD configuration. In an example, a wireless device may determine frequency resources 2134 and frequency resources 2174 based on the reference SBFD configuration. For example, the wireless device may perform a first measurement on RS 2133 in frequency resources 2134, and a second measurement on RS 2173 in frequency resources 2174. The wireless device may transmit (or send or report or provide or signal) to the node, the first measurement and the second measurement. For example, the wireless device may transmit (or send or report or provide or signal) to the node, a measurement report. The measurement report may include the first measurement and the second measurement. The first measurement, the second measurement, and the measurement report are according to the example embodiments in FIG. 20 (e.g., first measurement, the second measurement, and measurement report 2010).Docket No.: 24-1246PCT

[0478] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of an SBFD configuration 2210 for a cell 2220 and an SBFD configuration 2250 for a cell 2260 as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. The features illustrated in FIG. 22 may be combined with the features previously discussed with reference to FIGs. 17, 18, 19, 20, and / or 21.

[0479] As shown in FIG. 22, SBFD configuration 2210 for cell 2220 may comprise (or include or be associated with) a DL time resource 2225, an SBFD time resource 2230, and an UL time resource 2240. DL time resource 2225, SBFD time resource 2230, and UL time resource 2240 may be comprised (or located in time) in an SBFD time period 2245. In an example (not shown in figure), cell 2220 may also comprise (or include or be associated with) one or more DL time resources 2225, one or more SBFD time resources 2230, and / or one or more UL time resources 2240. For example (not shown in figure), one or more DL time resources 2225, one or more SBFD time resources 2230, and / or one or more UL time resources 2240 may be comprised (or located in time) in an SBFD time period 2245.

[0480] SBFD configuration 2250 for cell 2260 may comprise (or include or be associated with) a DL time resource 2265, an SBFD time resource 2270, and an UL time resource 2280. DL time resource 2265, SBFD time resource 2270...

Claims

Docket No.: 24-1246PCTCLAIMS1. A method comprising: receiving, by a wireless device from a node, one or more messages indicating: a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) configuration of a first cell; a second CSI-RS configuration of a second cell; and a reference subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration for determining available frequency resources for the first CSI-RS configuration of the first cell and the second CSI-RS configuration of the second cell, wherein the reference SBFD configuration comprises at least one of: a frequency location of an uplink subband of one or more SBFD symbols; or a frequency location of a downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols; and performing: a first measurement on a first CSI-RS in first resource blocks, wherein the first resource blocks are determined based on the first CSI-RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration; and a second measurement on a second CSI-RS in second resource blocks, wherein the second resource blocks are determined based on the second CSI-RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration; and transmitting, to the node, the first measurement and the second measurement.

2. A method comprising: transmitting, by a wireless device and to a node: a first measurement on a first reference signal (RS) in first frequency resources, wherein the first frequency resources are based on a reference subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration; and a second measurement on a second RS in second frequency resources, wherein the second frequency resources are based on the reference SBFD configuration.

3. The method of claim 2, comprising receiving, by the wireless device from the node, one or more messages indicating: a first RS configuration of a first cell; a second RS configuration of a second cell; and the reference SBFD configuration.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the reference SBFD configuration is for determining available frequency resources for: the first RS configuration of the first cell; and the second RS configuration of the second cell.

5. The method of any one of claims 2-4, wherein the reference SBFD configuration comprises at least one of:Docket No.: 24-1246PCT a frequency location of an uplink subbanci of one or more SBFD symbols; or a frequency location of a downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols.

6. The method of any one of claims 3-5, wherein: the first frequency resources are determined based on the first RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration; and the second frequency resources are determined based on the second RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration.

7. The method of any one of claims 2-6, comprising performing: the first measurement on the first RS in the first frequency resources; and the second measurement on the second RS in the second frequency resources.

8. The method of any one of claims 2-7, wherein: the first RS is a first channel state information RS (CSI-RS); and the second RS is a second CSI-RS.

9. The method of any one of claims 2-8, wherein: the first frequency resources are at least one of: first resource blocks, first subcarriers, first tones, or first resource elements; and the second resources comprise at least one of: second resource blocks, second subcarriers, second tones, or second resource elements.

10. The method of any one of claims 5-9, wherein the frequency location of one of the uplink subband and the downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols comprises at least one of: a number of subbands; a bandwidth of the subband; a subcarrier spacing of the subband; or a frequency of the subband.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the frequency of the subband comprises at least one of: a starting frequency of the subband; an ending frequency of the subband; or a center frequency of the subband .

12. The method of claim 10 or 11, wherein: the frequency of the subband comprises a channel number or an offset; the offset is an index of a reference resource block (RB) or an index of a subcarrier; and the offset is based on a subcarrier spacing and / or a reference frequency.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein:Docket No.: 24-1246PCT the reference frequency is a reference subcarrier of an uplink carrier frequency or a downlink carrier frequency; the reference subcarrier is a lowest subcarrier of a reference resource block (RB); and the uplink carrier frequency or the downlink carrier frequency comprises a frequency channel number.

14. The method of any one of claims 5-13, wherein: the reference SBFD configuration comprises a time location of the one or more SBFD symbols; and the reference SBFD configuration is an SBFD configuration of a serving cell.

15. The method of any one of claims 2-14, further comprising receiving an indication indicating association between the reference SBFD configuration, and a first SBFD configuration of the first cell and a second SBFD configuration of the second cell.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the indication indicates whether the first SBFD configuration and the second SBFD configuration are same as the reference SBFD configuration.

17. The method of claim 15 or 16, further comprising determining the first SBFD configuration and the second SBFD configuration based on: the indication; and the reference SBFD configuration.

18. The method of any one of claims 5-17, wherein the first frequency resources and the second frequency resources are associated with the downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols.

19. The method of any of claims 3-18, further comprising determining: third frequency resources, wherein the third frequency resources are determined based on the first RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration; and fourth frequency resources, wherein the fourth frequency resources are determined based on the second RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein: the third frequency resources and the fourth frequency resources are associated with a second downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols; and the method further comprises measuring the first RS in the third frequency resources and the second RS in the fourth frequency resources.21 . The method of claim 19 or 20, further comprising: comparing: the first frequency resources and the third frequency resources in a frequency domain; or the third frequency resources and a first threshold; andDocket No.: 24-1246PCT determining whether to measure on the first RS in the third frequency resources based on the comparing.

22. The method of any one of claims 19-21 , further comprising: comparing: the second frequency resources and the fourth frequency resources in a frequency domain; or the fourth frequency resources and a second threshold; and determining whether to measure on the second RS in the fourth frequency resources based on the comparing.

23. A method comprising: transmitting, by a node to a wireless device, one or more messages indicating: a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) configuration of a first cell; a second CSI-RS configuration of a second cell; and a reference subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration for determining available frequency resources for the first CSI-RS configuration of the first cell and the second CSI-RS configuration of the second cell, wherein the reference SBFD configuration comprises at least one of: a frequency location of an uplink subband of one or more SBFD symbols; or a frequency location of a downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols; and receiving, by the node from the wireless device, a first measurement on a first CSI-RS in first resource blocks and a second measurement on a second CSI-RS in second resource blocks, wherein: the first resource blocks are based on the first CSI-RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration; and the second resource blocks are based on the second CSI-RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration.

24. A method comprising: receiving, by a node from a wireless device: a first measurement on a first reference signal (RS) in first frequency resources, wherein the first frequency resources are based on a reference subband full duplex (SBFD) configuration; and a second measurement on a second RS in second frequency resources, wherein the second frequency resources are based on the reference SBFD configuration.

25. The method of claim 24, comprising transmitting, by the node to the wireless device, one or more messages indicating: a first RS configuration of a first cell; a second RS configuration of a second cell; andDocket No.: 24-1246PCT the reference SBFD configuration.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the reference SBFD configuration is for determining available frequency resources for: the first RS configuration of the first cell; and the second RS configuration of the second cell.

27. The method of any one of claims 24-26, wherein the reference SBFD configuration comprises at least one of: a frequency location of an uplink subband of one or more SBFD symbols; or a frequency location of a downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols.

28. The method of any one of claims 25-27, wherein: the first frequency resources are determined based on the first RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration; and the second frequency resources are determined based on the second RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration.

29. The method of any one of claims 24-28, wherein: the first measurement is on the first RS in the first frequency resources; and the second measurement is on the second RS in the second frequency resources.

30. The method of any one of claims 24-29, wherein: the first RS is a first channel state information RS (CSI-RS); and the second RS is a second CSI-RS.31 . The method of any one of claims 24-30, wherein: the first frequency resources are at least one of: first resource blocks, first subcarriers, first tones, or first resource elements; and the second resources comprise at least one of: second resource blocks, second subcarriers, second tones, or second resource elements.

32. The method of any one of claims 27-31 , wherein the frequency location of one of the uplink subband and the downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols comprises at least one of: a number of subbands; a bandwidth of the subband; a subcarrier spacing of the subband; or a frequency of the subband.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the frequency of the subband comprises at least one of: a starting frequency of the subband; an ending frequency of the subband; orDocket No.: 24-1246PCT a center frequency of the subband .

34. The method of claim 32 or 33, wherein: the frequency of the subband comprises a channel number or an offset; the offset is an index of a reference resource block (RB) or an index of a subcarrier; and the offset is based on a subcarrier spacing and / or a reference frequency.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein: the reference frequency is a reference subcarrier of an uplink carrier frequency or a downlink carrier frequency; the reference subcarrier is a lowest subcarrier of a reference resource block (RB); and the uplink carrier frequency or the downlink carrier frequency comprises a frequency channel number.

36. The method of any one of claims 27-35, wherein: the reference SBFD configuration comprises a time location of the one or more SBFD symbols; and the reference SBFD configuration is an SBFD configuration of a serving cell.

37. The method of any one of claims 24-36, further comprising transmitting an indication indicating association between the reference SBFD configuration, and a first SBFD configuration of the first cell and a second SBFD configuration of the second cell.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the indication indicates whether the first SBFD configuration and the second SBFD configuration are same as the reference SBFD configuration.

39. The method of claim 37 or 38, wherein the first SBFD configuration and the second SBFD configuration are determined based on: the indication; and the reference SBFD configuration.

40. The method of any one of claims 27-39, wherein the first frequency resources and the second frequency resources are associated with the downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols.41 . The method of any of claims 25-40, wherein: the third frequency resources are determined based on the first RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration; and the fourth frequency resources are determined based on the second RS configuration and the reference SBFD configuration.

42. The method of claim 41 , wherein: the third frequency resources and the fourth frequency resources are associated with a second downlink subband of the one or more SBFD symbols; andDocket No.: 24-1246PCT the first RS in the third frequency resources and the second RS in the fourth frequency resources are measured.

43. The method of claim 19 or 20, wherein whether to measure on the first RS in the third frequency resources is determined based on: a comparison of the first frequency resources and the third frequency resources in a frequency domain; or a comparison of the third frequency resources and a first threshold.

44. The method of any one of claims 31-43, whether to measure on the second RS in the fourth frequency resources is determined based on: a comparison of the second frequency resources and the fourth frequency resources in a frequency domain; or a comparison of the fourth frequency resources and a second threshold.

45. An apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1-44.

46. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 1-44.

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