Communication method and communication apparatus
The method and apparatus dynamically manage beam associations to improve satellite communication coverage and capacity by adapting to satellite movement, optimizing power usage and enhancing network performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
AI Technical Summary
Satellite communication systems face limitations in coverage continuity and capacity due to limited RF chains and TDM scheduling patterns, leading to poor UE throughputs and restricted constellation capacity.
A communication method and apparatus that dynamically manages associations between anchor beams and companion beams, allowing for timely addition and release of beams based on status information, enabling flexible and efficient beam management.
Ensures better coverage and communication quality by adapting beam associations to satellite movement, optimizing power usage and enhancing network capacity.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024141397_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHOD AND COMMUNICATION APPARATUS
[0001] This application claims priority to United States of America Patent Application No. 63719954, filed on November 13, 2024, and entitled “Communication Method and Communication Apparatus” , which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications. Particularly, it relates to a method, apparatus and system for multiple hybrid automatic repeat request.BACKGROUND
[0003] A terrestrial communication system may also be referred to as a land-based or ground-based communication system, although a terrestrial communication system can also, or instead, be implemented on or in water. A wireless communications system may support communications between a UE and non-terrestrial devices, which is also called as a non-terrestrial communication system.
[0004] The non-terrestrial communication system may be a communication using non-terrestrial devices e.g., the satellite constellations. The satellites operating in non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) e.g. low earth orbit (LEO) move at fast speed to stay above Earth. For example, satellites travel at ~7.8 km / sat 600 km above Earth. So, satellites need to update their transmit (Tx) beams based on the satellite’s footprint on the ground. However, the satellites have limited number of radio frequency (RF) chains to generate Tx beams. In addition, in order to ensure coverage continuity, time division multiplexing (TDM) patterns are proposed. But, TDM scheduling patterns lead to poor user equipment (UE) throughputs and limits the constellation’s capacity. Moreover, maximum number of simultaneous beams limits the satellite’s capacity.
[0005] Therefore, there is a need to provide a foundation for better satellite coverage.SUMMARY
[0006] This present disclosure provides a communication method and a communication apparatus used to ensure a better coverage in wireless communication networks such as terrestrial networks, non-terrestrial networks, sidelink communication networks, device-to-device communication networks etc.
[0007] According to a first aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a first apparatus, for example, a first apparatus or a module in a first apparatus, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem (modem) chip, also referred to as a baseband (baseband) chip, or a system on chip (system on chip, SoC) chip or a system in package (system in package, SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a first apparatus. For example, the method is applied to a first apparatus.
[0008] In this method, the first apparatus receives first information indicative of a first association between a first set of companion beams and an anchor beam. And the first apparatus receives second information indicative of a second association between a second set of companion beams and the anchor beam. The first set of companion beams is different from the second set of companion beams.
[0009] In some implementations of this application, the first apparatus may be a UE.
[0010] The foregoing method at least ensures the first apparatus can obtain the varying association between an anchor beam and a set of companion beams e.g., when the second apparatus moves at fast speed above Earth. As such, the varying association can guarantee at least a better coverage of the second apparatus so that a communication between the first apparatus and the second apparatus is better.
[0011] In some implementations, at least one companion beam in the first set of companion beams is different from at least one companion beam in the second set of companion beams. In some implementations, at least one companion beam in the second set of companion beams is different from at least one companion beam in the first set of companion beams.
[0012] In some implementations of this application, all companion beams in the first set of companion beams are different from all companion beams in the second set of companion beams.
[0013] In some implementations, the anchor beam is used to receive at least one common physical reference signal and / or channel, and one of the first set of companion beams or one of the second set of companion beams is used to receive at least one UE-specific physical reference signal and / or channel.
[0014] In some implementations, the method further includes that the first apparatus receives third information indicative of a status of the first set of companion beams or the second set of companion beams.
[0015] In some implementations of this application, the first apparatus receives third information indicative of the status of the first set of companion beams and / or the first apparatus receives fourth information indicative of the status of the second set of companion beams.
[0016] As such, the first apparatus may perform further actions more flexibly according to the status of the first set of companion beams or the status of the second set of companion beams.
[0017] In some implementations, the method further includes that the first apparatus receives fifth information indicating that a first companion beam will be released. The fifth information is carried on the first companion beam belonging to the first set of companion beams.
[0018] In some implementations, the method further includes that the first apparatus receives sixth information indicative of a time when the first companion beam will be released. And the first apparatus stops monitoring a control channel or a signal corresponding to the first companion beam based on the fifth information and the sixth information.
[0019] In some implementation of this application, the sixth information can include a determined time when the first companion beam will be released. Additionally or optionally, the sixth information can include a time interval or other timing information to determine when the first companion beam will be released.
[0020] As such, the first apparatus can at least determine which companion beam will be released timely so that the first apparatus can stop monitor the signal or channel corresponding to that companion beam. So, the power of the first apparatus can be saved.
[0021] In some implementations, the method further includes that the first apparatus receives seventh information indicating one or more second companion beams will be released. The seventh information is carried on the anchor beam and the one or more second companion beams belong to the first set of companions.
[0022] In some implementations, the method further includes that the first apparatus receives eighth information indicating a time interval that the one or more second companion beams will be released. And the first apparatus stops monitoring a control channel or a signal corresponding to the one or more second companion beams based on the seventh information and the eighth information.
[0023] In some implementations of this application, the eighth information can include one or more determined time when the one or more second companion beams will be released. Or the eighth information can include one or more time intervals that used to determine when the one or more second companion beams will be released.
[0024] In some implementations, the one or more determined time and the one or more second companion beams correspond one to one. And the one or more time intervals and the one or more second companion beams correspond one to one.
[0025] As such, the first apparatus can at least determine which companion beams will be released timely through the anchor beam so that the first apparatus can stop monitoring channel or signal corresponding to these companion beams. So, the power of the first apparatus can be saved.
[0026] In some implementations, the method further includes that the first apparatus receives ninth information indicating that one or more third companion beams will be added. The ninth information is carried on the anchor beam, and the one or more third companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams.
[0027] In some implementations, the method further includes that the first apparatus receives tenth information indicative of a time when the one or more third companion beams will be added. And the first apparatus monitors a control channel or a signal corresponding to the one or more third companion beams based on the ninth information and the tenth information.
[0028] In some implementations of this application, the tenth information can include one or more determined time when the one or more third companion beams will be added. Or the tenth information can include one or more time intervals that used to determine when the one or more third companion beams will be added.
[0029] In some implementations, the one or more determined time and the one or more third companion beams correspond one to one. And the one or more time intervals and the one or more third companion beams correspond one to one.
[0030] As such, the first apparatus can at least determine which companion beams will be added timely through the anchor beam so that the first apparatus can monitor channel or signal corresponding to these companion beams timely.
[0031] In some implementations, the method further includes that the first apparatus receives eleventh information comprising identity information of one or more fourth companion beams; wherein the eleventh information is carried in a higher-layer message and the one or more fourth companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams. And the first apparatus monitors a control channel or a signal corresponding to the one or more fourth companion beams.
[0032] In some implementations, the method further includes that the first apparatus receives twelfth information for indicating that the one or more fourth companion beams will be added. The twelfth information is carried in the higher-layer message.
[0033] As such, the first apparatus can at least determine which companion beams will be added timely through the higher-layer message so that the first apparatus can monitor channel or signal corresponding to these companion beams timely.
[0034] According to a second aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a second apparatus, for example, a second apparatus or a module in a second apparatus, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem (modem) chip, also referred to as a baseband (baseband) chip, or a system on chip (system on chip, SoC) chip or a system in package (system in package, SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a second apparatus. For example, the method is applied to a second apparatus.
[0035] In this method, the second apparatus transmits first information to indicate a first association between a first set of companion beams and an anchor beam. And the second apparatus transmits second information indicative of a second association between a second set of companion beams and the anchor beam; wherein the first set of companion beams is different from the second set of companion beams.
[0036] In some implementations of this application, the second apparatus may be non-terrestrial transmit receive point (NT-TRP) .
[0037] The foregoing method includes that the second apparatus can transmit the varying association between an anchor beam and a set of companion beams. The varying association is helpful for the first apparatus at least when the second apparatus moves at fast speed above Earth. As such, the varying association can guarantee at least a better coverage of the second apparatus so that a communication between the first apparatus and the second apparatus is better.
[0038] In some implementations, at least one companion beam in the first set of companion beams is different from one companion beam in the second set of companion beams. In some implementations, at least one companion beam in the second set of companion beams is different from at least one companion beam in the first set of companion beams.
[0039] In some implementations of this application, all companion beams in the first set of companion beams are different from all companion beams in the second set of companion beams.
[0040] In some implementations, the anchor beam is used to receive at least one common physical reference signal and / or channel, and one of the first set of companion beams or one of the second set of companion beams is used to receive at least one UE-specific physical reference signal and / or channel.
[0041] In some implementations, the method further includes that the second apparatus transmits third information indicative of a status of the first set of companion beams or the second set of companion beams and / or the second apparatus transmits fourth information indicative of the status of the second set of companion beams.
[0042] As such, the third information and / or the fourth information transmitted by the second apparatus is helpful for the first apparatus to at least perform further actions more flexibly.
[0043] In some implementations, the method further includes that the second apparatus transmits fifth information indicating that a first companion beam will be released; wherein the fifth information is carried on the first companion beam belonging to the first set of companion beams.
[0044] In some implementations, the method further includes that the second apparatus transmits sixth information indicative of a time that the first companion beam will be released.
[0045] In some implementation of this application, the sixth information can include a determined time when the first companion beam will be released. Or the sixth information can include a time interval to determine when the first companion beam will be released.
[0046] As such, the fifth information and / or the sixth information transmitted by the second apparatus is helpful for the first apparatus at least to determine which companion beam will be released timely and stop monitor the signal or channel corresponding to that companion beam. So, the fifth information and / or the sixth information is helpful for the first apparatus at least to save the power.
[0047] In some implementations, the method further includes that the second apparatus transmits seventh information indicating one or more second companion beams will be released. The seventh information is carried on the anchor beam and the one or more second companion beams belong to the first set of companion beams.
[0048] In some implementations, the method further includes that the second apparatus transmits eighth information indicating a time that the one or more second companion beams will be released.
[0049] In some implementations of this application, the eighth information can include one or more determined time when the one or more second companion beams will be released. Or the eighth information can include one or more time intervals that used to determine when the one or more second companion beams will be released.
[0050] In some implementations, the one or more determined time and the one or more second companion beams correspond one to one. And the one or more time intervals and the one or more second companion beams correspond one to one.
[0051] As such, the seventh information and / or the eighth information transmitted by the second apparatus is helpful for the first apparatus at least to determine which companion beams will be released timely through the anchor beam and stop monitoring channel or signal corresponding to these companion beams. So, the seventh information and / or the eighth information is helpful for the first apparatus at least to save the power.
[0052] In some implementations, the method further includes that the second apparatus transmits ninth information indicating that one or more third companion beams will be added; wherein the ninth information is carried on the anchor beam, and the one or more third companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams.
[0053] In some implementations, the method further includes that the second apparatus transmits tenth information indicative of a time that the one or more third companion beams will be added.
[0054] In some implementations of this application, the tenth information can include one or more determined time when the one or more third companion beams will be added. Or the tenth information can include one or more time intervals that used to determine when the one or more third companion beams will be added.
[0055] In some implementations, the one or more determined time and the one or more third companion beams correspond one to one. And the one or more time intervals and the one or more third companion beams correspond one to one.
[0056] As such, the ninth information and / or the tenth information by the second apparatus is helpful for the first apparatus to at least determine which companion beams will be added timely through the anchor beam and monitor channel or signal corresponding to these companion beams timely.
[0057] In some implementations, the method further includes that the second apparatus transmits eleventh information that comprises identity information of one or more fourth companion beams. The eleventh information is carried in a higher-layer message, and the one or more companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams.
[0058] In some implementations, the method further includes that the second apparatus transmits twelfth information indicating the one or more fourth companion beams will be added. The twelfth information is carried in the higher-layer message.
[0059] As such, the eleventh information and / or the twelfth information transmitted by the second apparatus is helpful for first apparatus to at least determine which companion beams will be added timely through the higher-layer message and monitor channel or signal corresponding to these companion beams timely.
[0060] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0061] According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0062] According to a fifth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0063] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0064] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include the memory.
[0065] The communication apparatus may be a UE, a module in a UE, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a UE, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0066] According to a sixth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0067] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0068] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include the memory.
[0069] The communication apparatus may be a NT-TRP, a module in a NT-TRP, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a NT-TRP, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0070] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is described. The system includes a first apparatus which is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect, and a second apparatus which is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0071] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the implementations of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0072] According to a ninth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the implementations of the first aspect to the second aspect.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0073] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0074] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0075] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0076] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0077] FIG. 5 illustrates example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure;
[0078] FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram of one scenario of NTN system in this application;
[0079] FIG. 7 illustrates a diagram of another scenario of NTN system in this application;
[0080] FIG. 8 illustrates a diagram of another scenario of NTN system in this application;
[0081] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a bent-pipe scenario according to this application;
[0082] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application;
[0083] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application;
[0084] FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application;
[0085] FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application;
[0086] FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application;
[0087] FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application;
[0088] FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application;
[0089] FIG. 17 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application;
[0090] FIG. 18 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application; and
[0091] FIG. 19 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an implementation of this application. DESCRIPTION OF IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0092] The following describes technical solutions of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0093] Wireless communications system such as fourth generation (4G) system (for example, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system) , fifth generation (5G) system (for example, New Radio (NR) system) have been deployed to provide various types of applications, such as message, voice, video and other data.
[0094] The technical solutions in implementations of this application may be applied to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The technical solutions in implementations of this application may be applied to various communication systems, such as a fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system, a new ratio (NR) wireless communication system, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, an LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, an LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a satellite communication system, or other evolving communication systems, such as future wireless communication system.
[0095] For ease of understanding of the implementations of this application, a communication system shown in FIG. 1-FIG. 6 is used as an example to describe in detail a communication system to which the implementations of this application are applicable.
[0096] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 . The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and includes of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0097] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0098] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0099] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0100] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. There is shown the communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 107a, 107b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0101] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0102] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0103] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0104] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0105] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0106] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0107] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0108] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0109] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0110] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0111] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0112] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0113] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0114] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0115] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0116] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e, g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0117] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0118] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0119] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0120] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0121] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0122] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0123] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0124] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0125] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0126] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0127] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0128] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0129] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0130] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0131] In some of the implementations of the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0132] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0133] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method implementations disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method implementations disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with other apparatus / system such as a radio frequency processing apparatus, or processor system. The communication includes transmitting signal (or data, information) to another component or device, or receives signal from another component or device. “transmitting” includes outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit (transmitting unit) . “receiving” includes inputting or obtaining a signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit (receiving unit) . Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0134] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0135] FIG. 5 illustrates example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0136] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0137] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0138] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0139] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core -a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0140] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0141] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0142] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0143] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0144] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute implementations may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method implementations disclosed herein.
[0145] A terrestrial communication system may also be referred to as a land-based or ground-based communication system, although a terrestrial communication system can also be implemented on or in water. A wireless communications system may support communications between a UE and non-terrestrial devices, which is also called a non-terrestrial communication system. The non-terrestrial communication system may bridge the coverage gaps for underserved areas by extending the coverage of cellular networks through non-terrestrial nodes, which will be key to ensuring global seamless coverage and providing mobile broadband services to unserved / underserved regions, in this case, it is hardly possible to implement terrestrial access-points / base-stations infrastructure in the areas like oceans, mountains, forests, or other remote areas.
[0146] The terrestrial communication system may use 5G technology and / or later generation wireless technologies. In some examples, the terrestrial communication system may also support wireless technologies, such as 3G or 4G. The non-terrestrial communication system may include satellite constellations like Geo-Stationary Orbit (GEO) satellites which are utilized to broadcast public / popular contents to a local server, Low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, which provide a better balance between large coverage areas and propagation path-loss / delay, stabilized satellites in Very Low Earth Orbits (VLEO) enabling technologies, which substantially reduce the costs for launching satellites to lower orbits, High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) which provide a low path-loss air interface for the users with limited power budget, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) (or Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) ) , which allow for a dense deployment with coverage limited to local areas, such as airborne balloons quadcopters, drones, etc. In some examples, GEO satellites, LEO satellites, UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs may be considered in a horizontal and two-dimensional context. In other examples, UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs, coupled to integrate satellite communications into the cellular network’s emerging 3D vertical networks, includes many moving (other than geostationary satellites) and high-altitude access points such as UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs.
[0147] One possible scenario is that T-TRPs are communicating with NT-TRPs that are part of a satellite constellation, as illustrated in FIG. 6. FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram of one scenario of NTN system in this application. A satellite constellation comprises a plurality of satellite orbits such that Earth is always provided with wireless coverage from the satellites, and each satellite orbit includes a plurality of satellites. T-TRPs may be connected to the core network through terrestrial gateways while satellite constellations may be connected to the core network through dedicated non-terrestrial gateways. Devices such as UEs may connect and communicate with a T-TRP and / or with an NT-TRP, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0148] Another possible scenario may be envisioned where the satellite constellation effectively acts as the gateway for T-TRPs on the ground, as illustrated in FIG. 7. FIG. 7 illustrates a diagram of another scenario of NTN system in this application. Satellites in the satellite constellation communicate with the CN through gateways located on the ground using a wireless link, while the gateways on the ground may use a wired link (such as fiber optical link) to communicate with the CN. T-TRPs communicate with satellites using a wireless link and satellites communicate between each other using free space optical links such as lasers. Devices such as UEs may connect and communicate with a T-TRP and / or with a NT-TRP, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0149] Another possible scenario may be envisioned where the NT-TRPs communicate with T-TRPs through the CN, as illustrated in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 illustrates a diagram of another scenario of NTN system in this application. NT-TRPs may first communicate with dedicated non-terrestrial gateways, which then communicate with the CN. The CN may then relay information from NT-TRPs to T-TRPs via dedicated terrestrial gateways. Devices such as UEs may connect and communicate with a T-TRP and / or with an NT-TRP, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0150] In the scenarios above shown in the figures, the link between the UE and the NT-TRPs may be called a service link, and the link between the NT-TRPs and the NTN gateway may be called a feeder link. In addition, the link between the NTN-TRPs may be called as inter-satellite link (ISL) (not shown in the figures) . Each NTN-TRP may be associated with one or more NTN Gateways.
[0151] The implementations set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0152] For ease of understanding of the implementations of this application, the following briefly describes several terms used in this application.
[0153] 1) PDCCH / PUCCH / PSCCH
[0154] In downlink, control signaling may be transmitted in a control channel which may be called a PDCCH. The PDCCH is a type of physical downlink channel which may be used to carry a string of bits (e.g., downlink control information (DCI) bits) . For example, the PDCCH may be formed by a string of encoded DCI bits plus cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits.
[0155] In uplink, control signaling may be transmitted in a control channel which may be called PUCCH. The PUCCH is a type of physical downlink channel which may be used to carry a string of bits (e.g., uplink control information (UCI) bits) . For example, the PUCCH may be formed by a string of encoded UCI plus CRC bits.
[0156] In sidelink, control signaling may be transmitted in a control channel which may be called PSCCH. The PSCCH is a type of physical sidelink channel which may be used to carry a string of bits (e.g., sidelink control information (SCI) bits) . For example, the PSCCH may be formed by a string of encoded SCI plus CRC bits.
[0157] In some implementations, a signal carried on the PDCCH can also be called PDCCH. The transmitting / receiving a PDCCH may mean transmitting / receiving a signal carried by the PDCCH. Similarly, a signal carried on the PUCCH can also be called a PUCCH. The transmitting / receiving a PUCCH means transmitting / receiving a signal carried by the PUCCH. A signal carried on the PSCCH can also be called a PSCCH. The transmitting / receiving a PSCCH means transmitting / receiving a signal carried by the PSCCH.
[0158] 2) DCI
[0159] The DCI may be used for scheduling a data transmission or feedback of a data transmission. For example, the DCI may include information for scheduling the data transmission (e.g., for a downlink / uplink data transmission or a sidelink (SL) data transmission) and / or power control (e.g., uplink power control, or sidelink power control, or downlink power control) .
[0160] 3) PDSCH / PUSCH / PSSCH
[0161] The downlink data is scheduled by the DCI carried in the PDCCH and transmitted in a data channel which may be called a PDSCH. The uplink data is transmitted in a data channel which may be called a PUSCH. The sidelink data is transmitted in a data channel which may be called PSSCH.
[0162] This above information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.
[0163] In cellular systems such as 5G NR, the UE can receive, detect and measure reference signals such as synchronization signals (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) blocks and non-zero-power channel state information reference signal (NZP-CSI-RS) . Such reference signals are based on pseudo random noise (PRN) binary sequences such as Gold sequences and those sequences may be initialized using common or UE-specific scrambling identities. As an example, primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) sequences are initialized using the physical cell identity (PCI) value, which is a common scrambling identity. NZP-CSI-RS sequences are initialized using UE-specific scrambling identities, which are configured by the network to the UE.
[0164] In 5G NR Rel-16, Power Saving features were introduced in order to help UEs reduce Power Consumption. UEs that are in DRX mode would be informed by the NW that they can continue to sleep using a wake-up indication bit included in DCI format 2_6. UEs in DRX mode are configured to monitor PDCCH candidates where the NW may send DCI format 2_6. DCI format 2_6 includes several wake-up indication bits intended for different UEs, where the wake-up indication bit indicates to the UE whether it should continue sleeping or wake up.
[0165] 5G NR Rel-17 introduces support for non-terrestrial networks by introducing several enhancements on the timing relationships for the Timing Advance, the reference timing for channel state information (CSI) resources, the transmission timing of DCIs scheduling PUSCH, the transmission timing of random access response carried by a PUSCH, the transmission timing of hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledge (HARQ-ACK) on a PUCCH.
[0166] In 5G NR Rel-17, non-terrestrial network (NTN) support was introduced allowing UEs to support DL / UL communication with satellites using the so-called "bent-pipe" scenario, where a ground station transmits signals towards satellites in space, and satellites reflect signals back to UEs on the ground. Dedicating signaling related to NTN was introduced in order to assist UEs with NTN operation. Higher-layer signaling such as RRC introduces signaling satellite ephemeris, satellite position, satellite signal polarization, timing advance offsets, satellite System Information Block (SIB) , satellite epochs in order to support NTN operation.
[0167] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of a bent-pipe scenario according to this application. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the base-station is located behind an NTN gateway on the ground, the NTN gateway sends a transmission towards the satellite (as shown in FIG. 9, this link is called the “feeder” link) and the satellite transmits the transmission towards UEs on the ground (as shown in FIG. 9, this link is called the “service” link) . In such a scenario, the satellite may be considered as a “mirror” in the sky or a “reflector” in the sky, reflecting physical layer signals and / or channels from the NTN gateway back to UEs located on the ground.
[0168] A UE acquires the timing reference for radio frames transmitted by a satellite based on the higher-layer parameter e.g., epochTime signaled in the NTN SIB (e.g. SIB19) , where the higher-layer parameter e.g., epochTime corresponds to the starting time of a downlink sub-frame (or equivalently a downlink radio frame) . Other features that were introduced were the extension of HARQ processes to 32 in order to accommodate for large propagation delay scenarios and the disabling of HARQ-ACK feedback.
[0169] In 5G NR Rel-18, NTN support was further enhanced to introduce Coverage enhancements for NTN, network-verified UE location, as well as support TN to NTN and NTN to NTN mobility scenarios. In 5G Rel-19, further enhancements to NTN are being investigated in the context of power sharing among satellite beams or different satellite beam patterns and size across the satellite footprint. However, such work is not considering enhancements to SS / PBCH blocks due to backward compatibility issues.
[0170] In the aspect of satellite movement, first, satellites operating in non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) e.g. low earth orbit (LEO) move at fast speed to stay above Earth. For example, satellites travel at ~7.8 km / sat 600 km above Earth. Second, satellites need to update their transmit (Tx) beams based on the satellite’s footprint on the ground. Third, satellites have limited number of radio frequency (RF) chains in order to generate Tx beams.
[0171] In the aspect of satellite network capacity, solutions rely on time division multiplexing (TDM) patterns in order to ensure coverage continuity. Moreover, TDM scheduling patterns lead to poor UE throughputs and limits the constellation’s capacity. And maximum number of simultaneous beams limits the satellite’s capacity.
[0172] Satellites transmit multiple beams towards the ground and it is assumed that each beam is associated with a given “physical cell identity” . It is also assumed that satellites transmit beams in a “fixed” manner, where “fixed” means that the satellite isn’ t steering its beams towards a given direction, instead the beams “slide” on the surface of Earth and thus appear to be “moving” from the perspective of devices on the ground.
[0173] Starting from 5G NR Rel-19, 3GPP is studying aspects related to downlink coverage enhancements, which may include defining new features that assume power sharing among a satellite’s beams or different satellite beam patterns and / or beam sizes. This is due to the fact that a satellite’s EIRP needs to be shared across simultaneously active beams, therefore the actual transmit power of an active beam is lower than the satellite’s EIRP. The number of simultaneously active beams a satellite may be able to transmit may have to do with the on-board RF hardware capability of the satellite.
[0174] 5G NR includes support for CSI feedback using different types of NZP CSI-RS: for example, periodic NZP CSI-RS, semi-persistent NZP CSI-RS and / or aperiodic NZP CSI-RS. Aperiodic CSI reporting is triggered by the network using DCI format 0_1 or DCI format 0_2 by including e.g., a CSIRequest field, which may have from 0 to 6 bits. DCI format 0_1 or DCI format 0_2 may be used by the NW to schedule a PUSCH transmission by the UE. A UE may be configured using higher-layer signaling with aperiodic CSI reporting configurations and aperiodic NZP CSI-RSs. Depending on the value of the CSIRequest field in DCI format 0_1 or DCI format 0_2, the UE may detect and / or measure the NZP CSI-RSs indicated by the CSIRequest field and transmit a corresponding CSI report to the NW using e.g. PUSCH.
[0175] 5G NR includes support for Power Saving using DCI format 2_6. The NW may transmit DCI format 2_6, which is monitored by UEs that are sleeping. The NW may provide a wake-up bit to each UE in order to wake up individual UEs. The NW would set the wake-up indication bit to a value, e.g., “1” so that the corresponding UE would wake up. The NW would set the wake-up indication bit to a value e.g., “0” so that the UEs continue to sleep (and stay in DRX mode) . This mechanism would allow UEs in DRX mode to continue staying in DRX mode and thus help to reduce power consumption.
[0176] In general, it is a challenge to provide a foundation for better coverage and high capacity.
[0177] Accordingly, various methods are provided in the disclosure. This application discloses methods for Dynamic Companion Beam Updating in wireless communication networks e.g., NTN systems. Although various examples and implementations in this disclosure are described / illustrated in relation to NTN systems and / or NT-TRPs, it is understood that the teachings of this disclosure can also be applied to terrestrial networks, sidelink communication networks, device to device communication networks etc. In some implementations, network nodes e.g., NT-TRPs such as satellites operating as part of a constellation transmit physical layer signals and channels towards UEs on the ground. Such NT-TRPs have to transmit beams towards UEs on the ground which may be e.g. “wide” beams or “narrow” beams. Wide beams would have a larger footprint and correspondingly a lower beamforming gain, whereas narrow beams would have a smaller footprint and correspondingly a higher beamforming gain.
[0178] This application introduces methods for networks nodes e.g., NT-TRPs to inform terminal devices e.g., UEs on the ground regarding when companion beams will be added and / or released from the list of companion beams that are accompanying an anchor beam. This may happen as NT-TRPs move at high speed along their orbital planes and as the NT-TRP’s footprint changes on the ground, companion beams may be “released” when the NT-TRP deems that e.g. the corresponding Zenith angle or the distance is no longer suitable. Similarly, companion beams may be “added” when the NT-TRP deems that e.g. the corresponding Zenith angle or the distance is suitable for it to start transmitting.
[0179] Assuming the example of a given beam, assuming that the Earth origin and the NT-TRP form a first line e.g. Line#1, assuming that the NT-TRP and the beam center location form a second line e.g. Line#2, the Zenith angle between the NT-TRP and the beam may be defined as the obtuse angle between Line#1 and Line#2. The distance between the NT-TRP and the beam center location may be defined as the Euclidian distance defined in a 3D environment.
[0180] In the following specific example implementations of this disclosure will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0181] In the implementations of this application, a resource can cover at least one of time domain, frequency domain or spatial domain.
[0182] In the implementations of this application, a time-frequency resource may be referred to as any one of: a time-frequency domain resource, a time-frequency resource set, or a time-frequency resource block.
[0183] FIG. 19 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to an implementation of this application. The communication method may be performed by two communication apparatuses (for example, a first apparatus (e.g. a terminal device such as a UE) and a second apparatus (e.g. a network node such as an NT-TRP) shown in FIG. 19) , or performed by a chip, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the two communication apparatuses. The communication method includes the following steps.
[0184] At step 1910, the second apparatus transmits, and accordingly the first apparatus receives first information indicative of a first association between a first set of companion beams and an anchor beam.
[0185] In some implementations of this application, the anchor beam is used to receive at least one common physical reference signal and / or channel, and one of the first set of companion beams is used to receive at least one UE-specific physical reference signal and / or channel.
[0186] For example, the anchor beam may be associated with synchronization signals (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block which carries the first information. And one or more of the first set of companion beams may be associated with a non-zero-power channel state information reference signal (NZP-CSI-RS) .
[0187] At step 1920, the second apparatus transmits, and accordingly the first apparatus receives second information to indicate a second association between a second set of companion beams and the anchor beam.
[0188] The first set of companion beams is different from the second set of companion beams.
[0189] In some implementations of this application, at least one companion beam in the first set of companion beams is different from at least one companion beam in the second set of companion beams. Or, at least one companion beam in the second set of companion beams is different from at least one companion beam in the first set of companion beams.
[0190] In some implementations, all companion beams in the first set of companion beams are different from all companion beams in the second set of companion beams.
[0191] For example, one or more of the second set of companion beams is also associated with an NZP-CSI-RS.
[0192] In some implementations of this application, one or more of the second set of companion beams is used to receive at least one UE-specific physical reference signal and / or channel.
[0193] The foregoing method at least ensures the first apparatus can obtain the varying association between an anchor beam and a set of companion beams e.g., when the second apparatus moves at fast speed above Earth. As such, the varying association can guarantee at least a better coverage of the second apparatus so that a communication between the first apparatus and the second apparatus is better.
[0194] Optionally, the second apparatus transmits, and accordingly the first apparatus receives third information indicative of a status of the first set of companion beams, and / or fourth information indicative of the status of the second set of companion beams.
[0195] As such, the first apparatus may perform further actions more flexibly according to the status of the first set of companion beams or the status of the second set of companion beams.
[0196] In some implementations, the first information or the second information can be included in system information block (SIB) . And the third information and / or the fourth information can be included in master information block (MIB) .
[0197] The first information can be carried in other higher layer message that is not limited in this application.
[0198] Optionally, the second apparatus transmits, and accordingly the first apparatus receives fifth information indicative of a first companion beam will be released. The fifth information is carried on the first companion beam belonging to the first set of companion beams.
[0199] In other words, if the first companion beam carried the fifth information, the first apparatus is informed that the first companion beam will be released.
[0200] Optionally, the second apparatus transmits, and accordingly the first apparatus receives sixth information indicative of a time when the first companion beam will be released. And the first apparatus stops monitoring a control channel or a signal corresponding to the first companion beam based on the fifth information and the sixth information.
[0201] In some implementations, the sixth information can include a determined time when the first companion beam will be released. Additionally, or optionally, the sixth information can include a time interval or other timing information to determine when the first companion beam will be released.
[0202] As such, the first apparatus can at least determine which companion beam will be released timely so that the first apparatus can stop monitoring the signal or channel corresponding to that companion beam. So, the power of the first apparatus can be saved.
[0203] Optionally, the second apparatus transmits, and accordingly the first apparatus receives seventh information indicative of one or more second companion beams will be released. The seventh information is carried on the anchor beam and the one or more second companion beams belong to the first set of companion beam.
[0204] Optionally, the second apparatus transmits, and accordingly the first apparatus receives eighth information indicating a time interval that the one or more second companion beams will be released. And the first apparatus stops monitoring a control channel or a signal corresponding to the one or more second companion beams based on the seventh information and / or the eighth information.
[0205] In some implementations, the eighth information can include one or more determined time when the one or more second companion beams will be released. Or the eighth information can include one or more time intervals that used to determine when the one or more second companion beams will be released.
[0206] In some implementations, the one or more determined time and the one or more second companion beams correspond one to one. And the one or more time intervals and the one or more second companion beams correspond one to one.
[0207] As such, the first apparatus can at least determine which companion beams will be released timely through the anchor beam so that the first apparatus can stop monitoring channel or signal corresponding to these companion beams. So, the power of the first apparatus can be saved.
[0208] Optionally, the second apparatus transmits, and accordingly the first apparatus receives ninth information indicating that one or more third companion beams will be added. The ninth information is carried on the anchor beam, and the one or more third companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams.
[0209] Optionally, the second apparatus transmits, and accordingly the first apparatus receives tenth information indicative of a time when the one or more third companion beams will be added. And the first apparatus monitors a control channel or a signal corresponding to the one or more third companion beams based on the ninth information and the tenth information.
[0210] In some implementations of this application, the tenth information can include one or more determined time when the one or more third companion beams will be added. Or the tenth information can include one or more time intervals that used to determine when the one or more third companion beams will be added.
[0211] In some implementations, the one or more determined time and the one or more third companion beams correspond one to one. And the one or more time intervals and the one or more third companion beams correspond one to one.
[0212] As such, the first apparatus can at least determine which companion beams will be added timely through the anchor beam so that the first apparatus can monitor channel or signal corresponding to these companion beams timely.
[0213] Optionally, the second apparatus transmits, and accordingly the first apparatus receives eleventh information comprising identity information of one or more fourth companion beams. The eleventh information is carried in a higher-layer message and the one or more fourth companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams. And the first apparatus monitors a control channel or a signal corresponding to the one or more fourth companion beams.
[0214] Optionally, the second apparatus transmits, and accordingly the first apparatus receives twelfth information for indicating that the one or more fourth companion beams will be added. The twelfth information is carried in the higher-layer message.
[0215] As such, the first apparatus can at least determine which companion beams will be added timely through the higher-layer message so that the first apparatus can monitor channel or signal corresponding to these companion beams timely.
[0216] In some implementations, there may be e.g. a LEO constellation operating at a given altitude e.g. 600 km above Earth. NT-TRPs such as satellites may be moving along their orbit and occupy different positions at different times. Assuming that NT-TRPs may have the capability to steer their transmit beams at specific locations that may be called “Reference Points (RPs) ” , such that as NT-TRPs are moving along their orbit the Tx beams are directed towards those RPs. Assuming that NT-TRPs have an aggregate equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) which is shared among its Tx beams for the purpose of transmitting physical layer signals and / or channels towards UEs on the ground. Assuming that UEs on the ground are in a power consumption mode that is associated with connected state (e.g. RRC_CONNECTED) , and have an active RRC connection with the NT NW.
[0217] The NT-TRP’s footprint may be different from the NT-TRP beam’s footprint. The NT-TRP may transmit one or more beams towards the ground and each beam may have a corresponding “footprint” which may be defined as the area which is “illuminated” by the beam. The NT-TRP’s footprint may be defined as the aggregation of all the beams the NT-TRP may transmit to the ground. The beams transmitted by the NT-TRP may be such that their tilt angles and / or scan angles are within a given threshold. An example is shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application.
[0218] As shown in FIG. 10, The solid grey area may correspond to the area illuminated by a given active companion NT-TRP beam, where the small black oval line may be seen as a threshold for e.g. reference signal receiving power (RSRP) or signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) , for instance the black oval line may correspond to the line where the SINR is less than or equal to -3 dB (i.e., good coverage within the black oval lines) . The area inside of the outermost grey line or boundary may correspond to the NT-TRP’s footprint which can also be referred to as satellite footprint shown in FIG. 10. The NT-TRP’s footprint may be much larger than the footprints of the NT-TRP’s active beams due to the fact that the NT-TRP may support only a few simultaneously active beams N (e.g. N=6) at any given time. The NT-TRP may select which N beams are to transmit simultaneously based on e.g. scheduling decisions. Assuming that NT-TRPs have an on-board MAC scheduler which may make scheduling decisions which may result in the NT-TRP transmitting up to N simultaneously active beams. The NT-TRP may also transmit “anchor” beams which may be used by the NT-TRP to transmit broadcast and / or multicast physical layer reference signals and / or channels to UEs on the ground. In other words, the anchor beam is used to receive at least one common physical reference signal and / or channel. And one (and in some implementations, one or more) of the companion beams set is used to receive at least one UE-specific physical reference signal and / or channel. The coverage area of anchor beams and companion beams may be partially or fully overlapping. As an example, the NT-TRP may be transmitting the following anchor beams, depicted as ellipses with the grey area enclosed by the dashed line as shown in FIG. 11. FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application.
[0219] As the NT-TRP moves along its orbit, its footprint on the ground may change due to the fact that different companion beams may get added and / or released by the NT-TRP. Such adding and / or releasing of companion beams may be due to the fact that e.g. the distance of the companion beam’s center may be within a given threshold or the Zenith angle of the companion beam may be within a given threshold. An example of this is shown in FIG. 12. FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application.
[0220] As shown in FIG. 12, the grey areas depict the footprints of active beams (e.g., active companion beams) whereas the white areas inside dashed lines depict the footprints of inactive beams. Active companion beams may remain the same while the NT-TRP is moving as there may be traffic to serve to UEs located in those beams. As can be seen from the grey outer boundary, the satellite’s footprint has now shifted towards the right due to the satellite’s movement along its orbital plane (here it is assumed that the satellite is moving from left to right) . As a result of that movement, two companion beam footprints (leftmost small ovals with dotted lines) are now outside of the satellite’s footprint while some new companion beam footprints are now inside of the satellite’s footprint (rightmost small ovals with dotted lines) . These are further highlighted in FIG. 13. FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application.
[0221] In some implementations of this application, the NT-TRP may send, and accordingly the UE may receive first information indicative of a first association between a first set of companion beams and an anchor beam. And the second apparatus transmits, and accordingly the first apparatus receives second information to indicate a second association between a second set of companion beams and the anchor beam.
[0222] The following content will introduce the first information, the first association and the first set of companion beams in details. And function of the first information is similar with the function of the second information. In some implementations, the content in the first association is different from the content in the second association. And, in some implementations, the first set of companion beams is different from the second set of companion beams.
[0223] In some implementations of this application, at least one companion beam in the first set of companion beams is different from at least one companion beam in the second set of companion beams. Or, at least one companion beam in the second set of companion beams is different from at least one companion beam in the first set of companion beams.
[0224] In some implementations, the NT-TRP may send a message to UEs on the ground regarding the association of companion beams to anchor beams, i.e. the association of NZP CSI-RSs to SS / PBCH blocks. For example, the first association can be the association of one or more NZP CSI-RSs to SS / PBCH blocks. The second association can also be the association of one or more NZP CSI-RSs to SS / PBCH blocks. However, the one or more NZP CSI-RSs corresponding to the first association may be different from the one or more NZP CSI-RSs corresponding to the second association. This message may be e.g. a System Information Block (SIB) sent by the NT-TRP in e.g. the SS / PBCH block, which may comprise higher-layer parameter e.g., companionBeamList. For example, the first information or the second information can be carried in the SIB and one example of the first information or the second information can be higher-layer parameter e.g., companionBeamList. The UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter companionBeamList which may indicate an association between an anchor beam and one or more companion beams. Such an association may be understood in the sense that the footprint of the one or more companion beams may be fully or partially overlapping with the footprint of the anchor beam. This is shown in the example below, where assuming System Information Block #1 or equivalently SIB1:
[0225] --ASN1START
[0226] --TAG-SIB1-START
[0227] SIB1 : : = SEQUENCE {
[0228] ...,
[0229] companionBeamList SEQUENCE (SIZE (1.. maxNrofCompanionBeams) ) OF NZP-CSI-RS-Resource,
[0230] ...
[0231] }
[0232] --TAG-SIB1-STOP
[0233] --ASN1STOP
[0234] Depending on the anchor beam to companion beam association, the higher-layer parameter companionBeamList may include a certain number of NZP CSI-RS resource identities. For example, the first information can include a certain number of NZP CSI-RS resource identities and the second information can also include a certain number of NZP CSI-RS resource identities. However, in some implementations, the NZP CSI-RS resource identities in the first information and the NZP CSI-RS resource identities in the second information are different. Equivalently the higher-layer parameter companionBeamList provides the association of NZP CSI-RS resources to an SS / PBCH block resource. In some implementations, the System Information Block may include higher-layer parameter companionBeamList where the Information Element (IE) NZP CSI-RS resource definition is also included, as shown in the example below:
[0235] --ASN1START
[0236] --TAG-SIB1-START
[0237] SIB1 : : = SEQUENCE {
[0238] ...,
[0239] companionBeamList SEQUENCE (SIZE (1.. maxNrofCompanionBeams) ) OF NZP-CSI-RS-Resource,
[0240] ...
[0241] }
[0242]
[0243] NZP-CSI-RS-Resource : : = SEQUENCE {
[0244] nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceId NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId,
[0245] resourceMapping CSI-RS-ResourceMapping,
[0246] scramblingID ScramblingId,
[0247] ...
[0248] }
[0249]
[0250] --TAG-SIB1-STOP
[0251] --ASN1STOP
[0252] In the example above, the higher-layer parameter NZP-CSI-RS-Resource may further include one or more fields and / or parameters such as e.g. nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceId which may uniquely identify a NZP CSI-RS, resourceMapping which may provide the time and / or frequency resource elements that may be occupied by the Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) sequence associated with the NZP CSI-RS, and scramblingID which may provide the value that the PRN sequence associated with the NZP CSI-RS is initialized with. In some implementations, other fields and / or parameters not shown in the above example may be included in the IE NZP-CSI-RS-Resource. In this disclosure, fields may also refer to parameters and / or sub-parameters.
[0253] In some implementations, when the UE receives e.g. a SIB message with higher-layer parameter companionBeamList, then the UE may store the content of the SIB message in its internal memory. In a first example, the UE may store each of the higher-layer parameters in the SIB message in a UE internal variable. In some implementations, each of the higher-layer parameters in the SIB message as example of the first information and the second information can be stored in the UE.
[0254] In other implementations, the NT-TRP transmits, and accordingly the UE receives third information indicative of a status of the first set of companion beams, and / or fourth information indicative of the status of the second set of companion beams.
[0255] In other implementations, the NW may provide UEs on the ground with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus as part of e.g. a Master Information Block (MIB) message. For example, the third information and the fourth information can be higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus. And the third information or the fourth information can be carried in MIB. The MIB is an example of the higher layer message to carry the third information and the fourth information, and this application does not limit this. The MIB message may be carried as the payload of e.g. the PBCH of a SS / PBCH block. This is shown in the example below:
[0256] --ASN1START
[0257] --TAG-MIB-START
[0258] MIB : : = SEQUENCE {
[0259] ...,
[0260] companionBeamStatus BIT STRING (SIZE (1.. maxNrofCompanionBeams) ) ,
[0261] spare BIT STRING (SIZE (1) )
[0262] }
[0263] --TAG-MIB-STOP
[0264] --ASN1STOP
[0265] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter companionBeamStatus in a System Information Block (SIB) message, e.g. SIB1, SIB2, SIB3, SIB19, etc.
[0266] In implementations, the NT-TRP may be moving along its orbital plane, which may result in a change in terms of its beam footprint. As shown in the first implementation, the NT-TRP may first be in a given position which may look as shown in FIG. 10.
[0267] In some implementations, one of the first set of the companion beams or one of the second set of the companion beams is used to receive at least one UE-specific physical reference signal and / or channel. For example, in the example above, the NT-TRP may have some active companion beams (depicted in grey inside black oval lines) where the NT-TRP may be transmitting some physical layer channels such as e.g. PDCCH / PDSCH towards UEs on the ground. Meanwhile, the NT-TRP may have some muted companion beams (depicted in white inside black dashed lines) where the NT-TRP may not be transmitting any physical layer channels such as e.g. PDCCH / PDSCH towards UEs on the ground. These muted companion beams may be the result of scheduling algorithms such as e.g. Dynamic Beam Muting. As the NT-TRP moves along its orbital plane, the satellite’s footprint moves along the ground, resulting in one or more of the footprints of the companion beams that may find themselves outside of the satellite’s footprint. This is shown in the example in FIG. 14. FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application.
[0268] As shown in FIG. 14, two companion beams (leftmost dotted ovals) are now located outside of the NT-TRP’s footprint. There may be several reasons why the footprint of a companion beam may find itself outside of the satellite’s footprint. By way of example, a couple of reasons may be the following:
[0269] 1) the distance between the NT-TRP and the companion beam’s center location may exceed a distance threshold;
[0270] 2) the zenith angle between the NT-TRP and the companion beam’s center location may exceed a zenith angle threshold;
[0271] 3) the azimuth angle between the NT-TRP and the companion beam’s center location may exceed an azimuth angle threshold;
[0272] 4) the beam steering loss of the corresponding beam may exceed an attenuation threshold.
[0273] When the NT-TRP determines that a companion beam’s footprint fulfills any one or more of the above conditions, then the NT-TRP may release the companion beam. The release of the companion beam may be understood as the NT-TRP shall completely stop transmitting the corresponding companion beam (e.g., these “released” companion beams may not be used and / or considered for future scheduling) .
[0274] In some implementations, the NT-TRP transmits, and accordingly the UE receives fifth information indicative of a first companion beam will be released. The fifth information is carried on the first companion beam belonging to the first set of companion beams.
[0275] The NT-TRP may transmit over the companion beam to be released, a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a Beam Management Radio Network Temporary Identifier (BM-RNTI) which comprises a field called e.g. beamRelease, which may be a 1-bit field. The field beamRelease can be an example of the fifth information. The beamRelease field may be set to the value “1” in order to indicate to UEs on the ground that the corresponding companion beam is going to be released. The corresponding companion beam may be the first companion beam carrying the field beamRelease.
[0276] In some implementations, the NT-TRP transmits, and accordingly the UE receives sixth information indicative of a time when the first companion beam will be released. And the UE stops monitoring a control channel or a signal corresponding to the first companion beam based on the fifth information and the sixth information.
[0277] The DCI format with CRC scrambled by BM-RNTI may further include a beamReleaseApplicationTime field which may be a n-bit field, where n is a positive integer value. The beamReleaseApplicationTime field can be an example of the sixth information. The beamReleaseApplicationTime field may be set with a value that indicates to the UEs on the ground that the corresponding companion beam is going to be released after a time interval indicated by beamReleaseApplicationTime.
[0278] In one example, the NW may transmit, over a companion beam to be released, a PDCCH carrying a DCI format with CRC scrambled by BM-RNTI carrying the following information:
[0279] DCI = {
[0280] …,
[0281] beamRelease = {1} ,
[0282] beamReleaseApplicationTime = {011} ,
[0283] …,
[0284] }
[0285] In the above example, the DCI format includes a beamRelease field set to the value of “1” , which UEs on the ground may interpret as the corresponding beam is going to be released, therefore UEs on the ground may stop monitoring PDCCH candidates on the corresponding beam. Similarly, if UEs on the ground receive a DCI format including a beamRelease field set to the value of “1” , UEs on the ground may stop monitoring the downlink radio link quality on the corresponding beam. Given that the companion beam may correspond to some NZP CSI-RS provided by higher-layer parameter companionBeamList, UEs may remove the entry of the corresponding NZP CSI-RS from the higher-layer parameter companionBeamList. The DCI format also includes a beamReleaseApplicationTime field set to the value of “011” may be interpreted as a time interval after which UEs on the ground may expect the corresponding beam to be released by the NT-TRP. This value may be interpreted as e.g. an integer number of slots, OFDM symbols, milli-seconds, etc. The value of “011” may be interpreted as e.g. three slots, meaning that UEs on the ground would understand that the corresponding beam shall be released 3 slots from the time at which the DCI was received.
[0286] In some implementations, the release of a companion beam may also affect any future receptions of higher-layer parameter companionBeamList. After the release of a companion beam, the corresponding anchor beam may continue to be transmitted by the NT-TRP for the purpose of sending e.g. common channel transmissions such as PDSCH transmissions carrying System Information, Random Access channel information, Paging information, etc. Similarly, the corresponding anchor beam may continue to be transmitted by the NT-TRP for the purpose of sending e.g. common reference signals such as SS / PBCH blocks. This is shown in FIG. 15. FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application.
[0287] In the above example, two companion beams are released on the left side in FIG. 15, however the corresponding anchor beam still has four companion beams associated with it, which are located inside of the satellite’s footprint. In some implementations, the satellite’s footprint is depicted based on the NT-TRP’s companion beams. In a similar way, another footprint may be defined based on the NT-TRP’s anchor beams.
[0288] In some implementations, the NT-TRP transmits, and accordingly the UE receives seventh information indicative of one or more second companion beams will be released. The seventh information is carried on the anchor beam and the one or more second companion beams belong to the first set of companion beam.
[0289] In some implementations, the NT-TRP transmits, and accordingly the UE receives eighth information indicating a time interval that the one or more second companion beams will be released. And the UE stops monitoring a control channel or a signal corresponding to the one or more second companion beams based on the seventh information and the eighth information.
[0290] In some implementations, the NT-TRP may use the anchor beam in order to transmit a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a Beam Management Radio Network Temporary Identifier (BM-RNTI) which comprises a field called e.g. beamRelease, which may be a 1-bit field. Such an implementation would allow all UEs under the coverage of the anchor beam to be notified of the release of a companion beam. The network may transmit such a DCI format in the following manner:
[0291] DCI = {
[0292] …,
[0293] / / Companion Beam #1
[0294] beamRelease = {0} ,
[0295] beamReleaseApplicationTime = {000} ,
[0296] / / Companion Beam #2
[0297] beamRelease = {1} ,
[0298] beamReleaseApplicationTime = {011} ,
[0299] / / Companion Beam #3
[0300] beamRelease = {0} ,
[0301] beamReleaseApplicationTime = {000} ,
[0302] / / Companion Beam #4
[0303] beamRelease = {0} ,
[0304] beamReleaseApplicationTime = {000} ,
[0305] / / Companion Beam #5
[0306] beamRelease = {1} ,
[0307] beamReleaseApplicationTime = {011} ,
[0308] / / Companion Beam #6
[0309] beamRelease = {0} ,
[0310] beamReleaseApplicationTime = {000} ,
[0311] …,
[0312] }
[0313] In the above example, the seventh information may include the beamRelease field of each companion beam in the first set companion beams and the eighth information may include the beamReleaseApplicationTime field of each companion beam in the first set companion beams.
[0314] In the above example, the DCI format includes up to N “blocks” where N may be a positive integer value and each “block” may be understood as the aggregation of one or more fields such as the beamRelease field and the beamReleaseApplicationTime field. In the above example, there are N=6 blocks. Each “block” may correspond to a given companion beam provided in e.g. higher-layer parameter companionBeamList. The first block may correspond to the first companion beam provided by higher-layer parameter companionBeamList, the second block may correspond to the second companion beam provided by higher-layer parameter companionBeamList, and so on. If beamRelease is set to “0” , then the UE may expect that beamReleaseApplicationTime is set to a default value e.g. “000” . If beamRelease is set to “1” , then the UE may expect that beamReleaseApplicationTime is set to a positive value. As an example, the second companion beam may have a beamReleaseApplicationTime set to “011” which the UE may interpret as the third companion beam will be muted 3 slots from the time the DCI format was decoded by the UE.
[0315] For example, in the above example, the one or more second companion beams to be released can include Companion Beam #2 and Companion Beam #5.
[0316] In another example, the eighth information can just include the beamReleaseApplicationTime field of the one or more second companion beams.
[0317] Following application of the beam release command by the UEs on the ground, the NT-TRP’s coverage area may look as in FIG. 16. FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application.
[0318] In a third implementation, the NT-TRP may be moving along its orbital plane, which may result in a change in terms of its beam footprint. As shown in the first implementation, the NT-TRP may first be in a given position which may look as shown in FIG. 10.
[0319] In the example above, the NT-TRP may have some active companion beams (depicted in grey inside black oval lines in FIG. 10) where the NT-TRP may be transmitting some physical layer channels such as e.g. PDCCH / PDSCH towards UEs on the ground. Meanwhile, the NT-TRP may have some muted companion beams (depicted in white inside black dashed lines in FIG. 10) where the NT-TRP may not be transmitting any physical layer channels such as e.g. PDCCH / PDSCH towards UEs on the ground. These muted companion beams may be the result of scheduling algorithms such as e.g. Dynamic Beam Muting. As the NT-TRP moves along its orbital plane, the satellite’s footprint moves along the ground, resulting in one or more new coverage areas finding themselves within the satellite’s footprint.
[0320] Assuming that Earth may be represented using a tessellation process where Earth may be split into one or more polygons. Regions of interest may be further defined where each region of interest may include one or more polygons that may correspond to a respective one or more coverage areas. Each of these coverage areas may correspond to new companion beams which the NT-TRP may transmit in order to provide coverage to UEs on the ground.
[0321] As the NT-TRP moves along its orbital plane, the satellite’s footprint may overlap with coverage areas which were previously not under the satellite’s footprint. This is shown in FIG. 17. FIG. 17 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application.
[0322] As shown in the example above, some companion beams (rightmost dotted ovals in FIG. 17) are now located inside of the NT-TRP’s footprint. There may be several reasons why the footprint of a companion beam may find itself inside of the satellite’s footprint. By way of example, a couple of reasons may be the following:
[0323] 1) the distance between the NT-TRP and the companion beam’s center location may be within a distance threshold;
[0324] 2) the zenith angle between the NT-TRP and the companion beam’s center location may be within a zenith angle threshold;
[0325] 3) the azimuth angle between the NT-TRP and the companion beam’s center location may be within an azimuth angle threshold;
[0326] 4) the beam steering loss of the corresponding beam may be within an attenuation threshold.
[0327] When the NT-TRP determines that a coverage area’s footprint fulfills any one or more of the above conditions, then the NT-TRP may signal the addition of a corresponding companion beam. The addition of the companion beam may be understood as the NT-TRP shall start transmitting the corresponding companion beam (e.g., these “added” companion beams may be used and / or be considered for future scheduling) . Given that the corresponding companion beam to be added is a “new” companion beam which wasn’ t previously used for the purpose of transmitting e.g. physical layer channels such as PDCCH / PDSCH, the NT-TRP may first use an anchor beam in order to signal the addition of the new companion beam. This anchor beam may be associated with the companion beam to be added by virtue of the companion beam’s footprint being partially or completely overlapping with the anchor beam’s footprint.
[0328] In some implementations, the NT-TRP transmits, and accordingly the UE receives ninth information indicating that one or more third companion beams will be added. The ninth information is carried on the anchor beam, and the one or more third companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams.
[0329] In some implementations, the NT-TRP transmits, and accordingly the UE receives tenth information indicative of a time when the one or more third companion beams will be added. And the UE monitors a control channel or a signal corresponding to the one or more third companion beams based on the ninth information and the tenth information.
[0330] The NT-TRP may transmit over the anchor beam associated with the companion beam to be added, a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a Beam Management Radio Network Temporary Identifier (BM-RNTI) which comprises a field called e.g. beamAddition, which may be a 1-bit field. The field beamAddition can be an example of the ninth information. The beamAddition field may be set to the value “1” in order to indicate to UEs on the ground that the corresponding companion beam is going to be added. The DCI format with CRC scrambled by BM-RNTI may further include a beamAdditionApplicationTime field which may be a n-bit field, where n is a positive integer value. The beamAdditionApplicationTime field may be set with a value that indicates to the UEs on the ground that the corresponding companion beam is going to be added in an anchor beam’s corresponding beam companion list after a time interval indicated by beamAdditionApplicationTime. The beamAdditionApplicationTime field can be an example of the tenth information.
[0331] In one example, the NW may transmit, over an anchor beam, a PDCCH carrying a DCI format with CRC scrambled by BM-RNTI carrying the following information:
[0332] DCI = {
[0333] …,
[0334] beamAddition = {1} ,
[0335] beamAdditionApplicationTime = {011} ,
[0336] …,
[0337] }
[0338]
[0339] In the above example, the DCI format includes a beamAddition field set to the value of “1” , which UEs on the ground may interpret as the corresponding beam is added and going to be transmitted by the NT-TRP. Therefore, UEs on the ground may start monitoring PDCCH candidates on the corresponding beam. The DCI format also includes a beamAdditionApplicationTime field set to the value of “011” may be interpreted as a time interval after which UEs on the ground may expect the corresponding beam to be transmitted by the NT-TRP. This value may be interpreted as e.g. an integer number of slots, OFDM symbols, milli-seconds, etc. The value of “011” may be interpreted as e.g. three slots, meaning that UEs on the ground would understand that the corresponding beam shall be released 3 slots from the time at which the DCI was received.
[0340] In some implementations, the NT-TRP transmits, and accordingly the UE receives eleventh information comprising identity information of one or more fourth companion beams. The eleventh information is carried in a higher-layer message and the one or more fourth companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams. And the UE monitors a control channel or a signal corresponding to the one or more fourth companion beams.
[0341] In some implementations, it may be assumed that the NT-TRP provides UEs on the ground with higher-layer configuration providing a list of NZP CSI-RS configurations to the UEs, such that higher-layer parameter companionBeamToAdded may directly include NZP CSI-RS identities. The higher-layer parameter companionBeamToAdded can be an example of the eleventh information. In some implementations, the NT-TRP may also use e.g. a System Information Block message in order to inform UEs on the ground about new companion beams that are going to be transmitted by the NT-TRP. The NW may transmit e.g. a SIB message that may look as follows:
[0342] --ASN1START
[0343] --TAG-SIB1-START
[0344] SIB1 : : = SEQUENCE {
[0345] ...,
[0346] beamAddition BOOLEAN,
[0347] companionBeamToBeAdded SEQUENCE (SIZE (1.. nrofMaxCompanionBeams) ) OF NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceID
[0348] spare BIT STRING (SIZE (1) )
[0349] }
[0350] --TAG-SIB1-STOP
[0351] --ASN1STOP
[0352] In the above example, the eleventh information like higher-layer parameter companionBeamToAdded can be carried in higher layer message, e.g. SIB message. The application does not limit the type of higher layer message.
[0353] In some implementations, the NT-TRP transmits, and accordingly, the UE receives twelfth information for indicating that the one or more fourth companion beams will be added. The twelfth information is carried in the higher-layer message.
[0354] In the above example, the SIB includes a higher-layer parameter beamAddition which may be set to “true” or “false” . The higher-layer parameter beamAddition can be an example of the twelfth information. If the UE is provided a SIB message with higher-layer parameter beamAddition set to “true” , then the UE may assume that one or more new companion beams are going to be transmitted by the NT-TRP. If the UE is provided a SIB message with higher-layer parameter beamAddition set to “true” , then the UE may expect to be provided with higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeAdded, where the higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeAdded may comprise information about one or more new companion beams that are going to be transmitted by the NT-TRP. The higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeAdded may comprise e.g. higher-layer parameter nzp-Csi-Rs-ResourceID, which may be an NZP CSI-RS identifier. The higher-layer parameter nzp-Csi-Rs-ResourceID can an example of the identity information of one or more fourth companion beams. It may be assumed that the NW provided a NZP CSI-RS resource configuration to the UE upon e.g. setting up the RRC connection after Initial Access, thereby allowing the UE to know about the NZP CSI-RS resource identified by higher-layer parameter nzp-Csi-Rs-ResourceID.
[0355] In some implementations, the NT-TRP may also use e.g. a Paging message in order to inform UEs on the ground about new companion beams that are going to be transmitted by the NT-TRP. In other words, as another example, the eleventh information can be carried in the Paging message. Or, the eleventh information and the twelfth information can be carried in the Paging message. The NW may transmit e.g. a Paging message that may look as follows:
[0356] --ASN1START
[0357] --TAG-PAGING-START
[0358] PagingRecord : : = SEQUENCE {
[0359] ...,
[0360] beamAddition BOOLEAN,
[0361] companionBeamToBeAdded SEQUENCE (SIZE (1.. nrofMaxCompanionBeams) ) OF NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceID
[0362] spare BIT STRING (SIZE (1) )
[0363] }
[0364] --TAG-PAGING-STOP
[0365] --ASN1STOP
[0366] Following application of the beam addition command by the UEs on the ground, the NT-TRP’s coverage area may look as FIG. 18. FIG. 18 illustrates a schematic of an NT-TRP’s footprint in this application.
[0367] In some implementations, the release of a companion beam may be understood as the NT-TRP may completely stop transmitting the corresponding companion beam (e.g., these “released” companion beams may not be used and / or considered for future scheduling) . The release of a companion beam may also be understood as the companion beam may no longer be associated with a corresponding anchor beam, i.e. the NZP CSI-RS associated with the companion beam may not be present in the anchor beam to companion beam map provided by higher-layer parameter companionBeamList.
[0368] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeAdded where each entry of companionBeamToBeAdded may be an ID of type NZP-CSI-RS-Resource. The UE can be informed the one or more fourth companion beams based on the eleventh information. The NW may transmit e.g. a SIB message that may look as follows:
[0369] --ASN1START
[0370] --TAG-SIB1-START
[0371] SIB1 : : = SEQUENCE {
[0372] ...,
[0373] companionBeamToBeAdded SEQUENCE (SIZE (1.. maxNrofCompanionBeams) ) OF NZP-CSI-RS-Resource,
[0374] ...
[0375] }
[0376]
[0377] NZP-CSI-RS-Resource : : = SEQUENCE {
[0378] nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceId NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId,
[0379] resourceMapping CSI-RS-ResourceMapping,
[0380] scramblingID ScramblingId,
[0381] ...
[0382] }
[0383]
[0384] --TAG-SIB1-STOP
[0385] --ASN1STOP
[0386] In some implementations, an anchor beam may be understood as equivalent to a SS / PBCH block transmitted with a given / specific transmit beam pointing to a given / specific location. This may imply that an anchor beam is a SS / PBCH block transmitted with a given transmit beam pointing to a given location.
[0387] In some implementations, a companion beam may be understood as equivalent to a NZP-CSI-RS transmitted with a given / specific transmit beam pointing to a given / specific location. This may imply that a companion beam is a NZP CSI-RS transmitted with a given transmit beam pointing to a given location.
[0388] In some implementations of this application, the anchor beam is used to receive at least one common physical reference signal and / or channel, and one of the first set of companion beams or one of the second set of companion beams is used to receive at least one user equipment (UE) -specific physical reference signal and / or channel.
[0389] In some implementations, reference signals such as SS / PBCH blocks and / or common channels such as PDCCH / PDSCH associated with System Information and / or Paging may be associated with an anchor beam. In some implementations, reference signals such as NZP CSI-RS and / or UE-specific channels such as PDCCH / PDSCH associated with UE-specific data may be associated with a companion beam. In some implementations, it may be assumed that SS / PBCH blocks are associated with a physical cell identity (PCI) or a physical beam identity (PBI) . In some implementations, it may be assumed that NZP CSI-RS are associated with a scrambling identity, where the scrambling identity may be associated with broadcast / multicast / unicast channels.
[0390] In some implementations, when a UE is provided with one or more higher-layer parameters as part of e.g. a System Information Block (SIB) , a Paging message or any message that is received in a PDSCH scheduled by a PDCCH carrying a DCI format whose CRC is scrambled by a common RNTI, then it may be said that the UE is “pre-configured” with those one or more higher-layer parameters.
[0391] In some implementations, when a UE is provided with one or more higher-layer parameters as part of e.g. a System Information Block (SIB) , a Paging message or any message that is received in a PDSCH scheduled by a PDCCH carrying a DCI format whose CRC is scrambled by a common RNTI while the UE is in idle mode or in inactive mode, then it may be said that the UE is “pre-configured” with those one or more higher-layer parameters.
[0392] In some implementations, when a UE is provided with one or more higher-layer parameters as part of e.g. a System Information Block (SIB) , a Paging message or any message that is received in a PDSCH scheduled by a PDCCH carrying a DCI format whose CRC is scrambled by a common RNTI while the UE is in a power saving mode that is not associated with communication, then it may be said that the UE is “pre-configured” with those one or more higher-layer parameters.
[0393] In some implementations, the UE can be informed that the one or more second companion beams will be released by higher-layer parameter carried in a higher-layer message.
[0394] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeReleased in e.g. a SIB message. The NW may transmit e.g. a SIB message as follows:
[0395] --ASN1START
[0396] --TAG-SIB1-START
[0397] SIB1 : : = SEQUENCE {
[0398] ...,
[0399] beamRelease BOOLEAN,
[0400] companionBeamToBeReleased SEQUENCE (SIZE (1.. nrofMaxCompanionBeams) ) OF NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceID
[0401] spare BIT STRING (SIZE (1) )
[0402] }
[0403] --TAG-SIB1-STOP
[0404] --ASN1STOP
[0405] In some implementations, upon reception of e.g. a SIB message or a Paging message or a RRC message with higher-layer parameter beamRelease set to ‘1’ and higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeReleased present, the UE may apply the content of the SIB message and may remove the entries of the corresponding companion beams, whose NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceID field is provided in higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeReleased, from the higher-layer parameter companionBeamList that the UE may have stored in its internal memory.
[0406] In some implementations, the higher-layer parameter beamRelease can be optional. In other words, the UE can determine the one or more second companion beams to be released based on the higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeReleased.
[0407] In some implementations, upon reception of e.g. a SIB message or a Paging message or a RRC message with higher-layer parameter beamAddition set to ‘1’ and higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeAdded present, the UE may apply the content of the SIB message and may add the entries of the corresponding companion beams, provided in higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeAdded, in the higher-layer parameter companionBeamList that the UE may have stored in its internal memory.
[0408] In some implementations, the NT-TRP may use the anchor beam in order to transmit a SIB message which comprises a field called e.g. beamReleaseAndAdd, which may be a 2-bit field. Such an implementation would allow all UEs under the coverage of the anchor beam to be notified of the release and / or addition of a companion beam. In other words, the twelfth information indicative of the one or more fourth companion beams will be added and information indicative of the one or more second companion will be released can be included in one higher-layer parameter, e.g. beamReleaseAndAdd field. The network may transmit such a SIB message in the following manner:
[0409] SIB = {
[0410] …,
[0411] beamReleaseAndAdd = {11} ,
[0412] companionBeamToBeReleased = {3, 4, 5} ,
[0413] companionBeamToBeAdded = {
[0414] NZP-CSI-RS-Resource = {
[0415] nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceID = 7,
[0416] resourceMapping = {…} ,
[0417] scramblingId = 7,
[0418] …,
[0419] } ,
[0420] NZP-CSI-RS-Resource = {
[0421] nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceID = 8,
[0422] resourceMapping = {…} ,
[0423] scramblingId = 8,
[0424] …,
[0425] } ,
[0426] NZP-CSI-RS-Resource = {
[0427] Nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceID = 18,
[0428] resourceMapping = {…} ,
[0429] scramblingId = 18,
[0430] …,
[0431] }
[0432] }
[0433] …,
[0434] }
[0435] In the above example, the SIB message includes a beamReleaseAndAdd field. The beamReleaseAndAdd field is set to the value “11” where the first bit being set to “1” may mean that one or more companion beams may be released, and where the second bit being set to “1” may mean that one or more companion beams may be added. In a first step, the UE behavior may be that the UE remove the companion beams, whose NZP CSI-RS Resource identity fields are provided by higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeReleased, from the higher-layer parameter companionBeamList that the UE maintains in its internal memory. In a second step, the UE behavior may be that the UE adds the companion beams, whose configuration is provided in higher-layer parameter companionBeamsToBeAdded, in the higher-layer parameter companionBeamList that the UE maintains in its internal memory.
[0436] In some implementations, following the application of the above SIB message, the UE may monitor physical layer channels such as e.g. PDCCH and / or PDSCH based on the companion beams that are provided by higher-layer parameter companionBeamList following any release and / or addition of companion beams based on the received SIB message.
[0437] In some implementations, the UE may stop monitoring a control channel and / or a signal corresponding to the companion beam to be released or the companion beam that may have been released.
[0438] In some implementations, the UE may stop monitoring any physical layer channels such as e.g. PDCCH and / or PDSCH in any one or more of the companion beams that may have been released.
[0439] In some implementations, the UE may stop monitoring any physical layer reference signals such as e.g. SS / PBCH blocks and / or NZP CSI-RS on companion beams that may have been released.
[0440] In come implementations, the UE may monitor a control channel and / or a signal corresponding to the companion beam to be added or the companion beam that may have been added.
[0441] In some implementations, the UE may start monitoring physical layer channels such as e.g. PDCCH and / or PDSCH in any one or more companion beams that may have been added.
[0442] In some implementations, the UE may start monitoring physical layer reference signals such as e.g. SS / PBCH blocks and / or NZP CSI-RS on companion beams that may have been added.
[0443] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter beamRelease in a Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) command. The MAC-CE command may be provided to the UE using e.g. a PDSCH transmission. The MAC-CE command may be part of a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) .
[0444] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter beamAdd in a MAC-CE command. The MAC-CE command may be provided to the UE using e.g. a PDSCH transmission. The MAC-CE command may be part of a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) .
[0445] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter beamReleaseAndAdd in a MAC-CE command. The MAC-CE command may be provided to the UE using e.g. a PDSCH transmission. The MAC-CE command may be part of a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) .
[0446] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeReleased in a MAC-CE command. The MAC-CE command may be provided to the UE using e.g. a PDSCH transmission. The MAC-CE command may be part of a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) .
[0447] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with higher-layer parameter companionBeamToBeAdded in a MAC-CE command. The MAC-CE command may be provided to the UE using e.g. a PDSCH transmission. The MAC-CE command may be part of a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) .
[0448] In some implementations, the DCI format carrying any one or more of higher-layer parameter beamRelease, beamAddition, beamReleaseApplicationTime, beamAdditionApplicationTime may be a DCI format with a CRC scrambled with a Dynamic Beam Muting Radio Network Temporary Identifier (DBM-RNTI) .
[0449] In some implementations, the DCI format carrying any one or more of higher-layer parameter beamRelease, beamAddition, beamReleaseApplicationTime, beamAdditionApplicationTime may be a DCI format with a CRC scrambled with a Dynamic Beam Updating Radio Network Temporary Identifier (DBU-RNTI) .
[0450] In some implementations, BM-RNTI may be a unicast RNTI, i.e. that it may be an RNTI that may be used by a specific UE.
[0451] In some implementations, BM-RNTI may be a multicast RNTI, i.e. that it may be an RNTI that may be used by a group of UEs.
[0452] In some implementations, BM-RTNI may be a broadcast RNTI, i.e. that it may be an RNTI that may be used by all UEs.
[0453] In some implementations, DBM-RNTI may be a unicast RNTI, i.e. that it may be an RNTI that may be used by a specific UE.
[0454] In some implementations, DBM-RNTI may be a multicast RNTI, i.e. that it may be an RNTI that may be used by a group of UEs.
[0455] In some implementations, DBM-RTNI may be a broadcast RNTI, i.e. that it may be an RNTI that may be used by all UEs.
[0456] In some implementations, DBU-RNTI may be a unicast RNTI, i.e. that it may be an RNTI that may be used by a specific UE.
[0457] In some implementations, DBU-RNTI may be a multicast RNTI, i.e. that it may be an RNTI that may be used by a group of UEs.
[0458] In some implementations, DBU-RNTI may be a broadcast RNTI, i.e. that it may be an RNTI that may be used by all UEs.
[0459] In some implementations, the UE may not expect to receive a DCI format with CRC scrambled with any one of BM-RNTI, DBM-RTNI or DBU-RNTI releasing more than one companion beams.
[0460] In some implementations, the UE may not expect to receive a DCI format with CRC scrambled with any one of BM-RNTI, DBM-RTNI or DBU-RNTI adding more than one companion beams.
[0461] In some implementations, the UE may be provided with any one or more of higher-layer parameters beamAddition, beamRelease, beamAdditionApplicationTime, beamReleaseApplicationTime, companionBeamToBeReleased, companionBeamToBeAdded using Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling. This RRC signaling may be equivalently called higher-layer signaling. Such RRC signaling may be provided using a e.g. RRC configuration message, a RRC reconfiguration message, a RRC reconfiguration with sync message, a RRC setup message, a RRC connection re-establishment message, etc.
[0462] In some implementations, the newly added companion beams may be associated with an anchor beam that was previously not transmitted by the NT-TRP. This may be because there was previously no need for the NT-TRP to transmit such an anchor beam.
[0463] In some implementations, the companion beams may be associated with a non-cell defining SS / PBCH block, where a non-cell defining SS / PBCH block may be understood as an SS / PBCH block which is not followed by a PDSCH transmission carrying SIB1 within a given time interval of e.g. 10 milli-seconds.
[0464] In some implementations, a UE may be provided with the higher-layer parameters companionBeamList and the higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceList in a SIB message. An example of this higher-layer signaling is given below, using SIB1 as an example:
[0465] SIB1 : : = SEQUENCE {
[0466] ...,
[0467] companionBeamList SEQUENCE (SIZE (1.. maxNrofCompanionBeams) ) OF NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceID,
[0468] nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceList SEQUENCE (SIZE (1.. maxNrOfCompanionBeams) ) OF NZP-CSI-RS-Resource,
[0469] …,
[0470] }
[0471] In the example above, a given UE may be provided with the higher-layer parameter companionBeamList, which may include one or more entries of the Information Element (IE) NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceID. The UE may be provided with the higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-resourceList, which may include one or more entries of the Information Element NZP-CSI-RS-Resource. The UE may expect that the entries provided in higher-layer parameter companionBeamList are defined in higher-layer parameter nzp-CSI-RS-resourceList. The NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceID IE may be a positive integer value starting from, e.g., 0, and may identify a given NZP CSI-RS resource configured at the given UE. Each NZP CSI-RS resource configuration may further provide higher-layer parameters to configure, e.g., a scrambling identity used to initialize the pseudo-random noise (PRN) sequence, the time resources occupied by the CSI-RS, the frequency resources occupied by the CSI-RS, the periodicity of the CSI-RS, the offset of the CSI-RS, and so on.
[0472] In some implementations, if the UE receives a DCI format with beamRelease field set to ‘1’ , then the UE may perform measurements on e.g. NZP CSI-RSs and attempt to switch its receive beam towards a direction where the UE may maintain its connectivity with the non-terrestrial network. Such measurements of NZP CSI-RSs may be performed on the basis of beam angle information (BAI) that may be provided to UEs using higher-layer signaling (e.g. RRC) .
[0473] In some implementations, if the UE receives a DCI format with beamRelease field set to ‘1’ but without beamReleaseApplicationTime field, then the UE may assume that the beam release command may be applied after a default time interval, where the default time interval may be e.g. three milli-seconds.
[0474] In some implementations, if the UE receives a DCI format with beamAdd field set to ‘1’ but without beamAddApplicationTime field, then the UE may assume that the beam add command may be applied after a default time interval, where the default time interval may be e.g. three milli-seconds.
[0475] The communication method proposed in the implementations of the present application is described in detail above, and a communication apparatus provided by the present application will be described below.
[0476] FIG. 5 illustrates example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device and capable of realizing corresponding functions of any one of the implementations of the present application. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may include one or more integrated circuits or include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. The communication device may be a signal transmitter, a signal receiver, or an apparatus implemented in any one of these communication devices.
[0477] The communication apparatus 510 includes a communication unit 513. The communication unit 513 is configured to implement a transmitting action and / or a receiving action. The communication unit 513 also may be called as transceiver unit, a transceiver, or a transceiver device, or the like, and is configured to implement operations of receiving (which may be referred to as inputting) and / or transmitting (which may be referred to as outputting) . The communication unit 513 also may be called as a receiving unit or a transmitting unit.
[0478] The communication apparatus 510 may further include a processing unit 512. The processing unit 512 may be a processor, a processing circuit, a processing board, a processing unit, or a processing device, or the like. The processing unit 512 is configured to implement processing and / or operations implemented inside the communication apparatus except transmitting actions and / or receiving actions.
[0479] For example, if the communication apparatus 510 corresponds to the first apparatus in FIG. 19, the communication unit 513 is configured to receive first information indicative of a first association between a first set of companion beams and an anchor beam. The communication unit 513 is further configured to receive second information indicative of a second association between a second set of companion beams and the anchor beam. The first set of companion beams is different from the second set of companion beams.
[0480] As an example, the first apparatus can be a UE.
[0481] For example, if the communication apparatus 510 corresponds to the second apparatus in FIG. 19, the communication unit 513 is configured to transmit first information to indicate a first association between a first set of companion beams and an anchor beam. The communication unit 513 is further configured to transmit second information indicative of a second association between a second set of companion beams and the anchor beam; wherein the first set of companion beams is different from the second set of companion beams.
[0482] As an example, the first apparatus can be a NT-TRP.
[0483] Briefly, the operations and / or functions of the communication apparatus 510 are intended to implement corresponding steps of the foregoing method implementations.
[0484] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The communication apparatus 410 includes at least one interface circuit 412, and the at least one interface circuit 412 is configured to input and / or output information or data. Optionally, the apparatus 410 may further include at least one processor 411. The at least one processor 411 is coupled to at least one memory 413. The at least one memory 413 is configured to store one or more instructions and / or executable computer code. The at least one processor 411 is configured to invoke the one or more instructions and / or executable computer code, so that the communication apparatus 410 implements the method provided in the implementations of the present application. Optionally, the apparatus 410 may further include the at least one memory 413.
[0485] In an implementation, the communication apparatus 410 may be any one of the communication devices in the method implementations. For example, the communication apparatus 410 may be the NT-TRP or UE. In this implementation, the processor 411 may be a baseband apparatus, and the interface circuit 412 may be a radio frequency apparatus.
[0486] In another implementation, the communication apparatus 410 may be implemented in a communication device such as the NT-TRP or UE. In this case, the apparatus may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may include one or more integrated circuits or include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In this implementation, the processor 411 may be a logical module or circuit that is part of the integrated circuit. The interface circuit 412 may be a transceiver, an interface circuit, an input / output interface, a bus, a module, a pin, or other types of interfaces.
[0487] An implementation of the present application further provides a communication system. The communication system may include at least one of the NT-TRP and the UE introduced in the above implementations. For example, as shown in FIG. 19, the communication system may include the NT-TRP and the UE.
[0488] An implementation of the present application further provides a computer storage medium, and the computer storage medium may store one or more instructions for executing any of the foregoing methods.
[0489] An implementation of the present application further provides a computer program product, and the computer program product may store one or more instructions for executing any of the foregoing methods.
[0490] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0491] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example implementation, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example implementation for its intended application.
[0492] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0493] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0494] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0495] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in implementations of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0496] A person skilled in the art should understand that implementations of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only implementation, a software-only implementation, or an implementation with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0497] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0498] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0499] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:receiving first information indicative of a first association between a first set of companion beams and an anchor beam; andreceiving second information indicative of a second association between a second set of companion beams and the anchor beam; wherein the first set of companion beams is different from the second set of companion beams.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one companion beam in the first set of companion beams is different from at least one companion beam in the second set of companion beams.3.The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the anchor beam is used to receive at least one common physical reference signal and / or channel, and one of the first set of companion beams or one of the second set of companion beams is used to receive at least one user equipment (UE) -specific physical reference signal and / or channel.4.The method according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, the method further comprising:receiving third information indicative of a status of the first set of companion beams; and / orreceiving fourth information indicative of the status of the second set of companion beams.5.The method according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, the method further comprising:receiving fifth information indicating that a first companion beam will be released; wherein the fifth information is carried on the first companion beam belonging to the first set of companion beams.6.The method according to claim 5, the method further comprising:receiving sixth information indicative of a time when the first companion beam will be released; andstopping monitoring a control channel and / or a signal corresponding to the first companion beam based on the fifth information and the sixth information.7.The method according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, the method further comprising:receiving seventh information indicating that one or more second companion beams will be released; wherein the seventh information is carried on the anchor beam and the one or more second companion beams belong to the first set of companion beam.8.The method according to claim 7, the method further comprising:receiving eighth information indicative of a time when the one or more second companion beams will be released; andstopping monitoring a control channel and / or a signal corresponding to the one or more second companion beams based on the seventh information and the eighth information.9.The method according to anyone of claims 1 to 8, the method further comprising:receiving ninth information indicating that one or more third companion beams will be added; wherein the ninth information is carried on the anchor beam, and the one or more third companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams.10.The method according to claim 9, the method further comprising:receiving tenth information indicative of a time when the one or more third companion beams will be added; andmonitoring a control channel and / or a signal corresponding to the one or more third companion beams based on the ninth information and the tenth information.11.The method according to anyone of claims 1 to 8, the method further comprising:receiving eleventh information comprising identity information of one or more fourth companion beams; wherein the eleventh information is carried in a higher-layer message and the one or more fourth companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams; andmonitoring a control channel and / or a signal corresponding to the one or more fourth companion beams.12.The method according to claim 11, the method further comprising:receiving twelfth information indicating that the one or more fourth companion beams will be added; wherein the twelfth information is carried in a higher-layer message.13.A communication method, comprising:transmitting first information indicative of a first association between a first set of companion beams and an anchor beam; andtransmitting second information indicative of a second association between a second set of companion beams and the anchor beam; wherein the first set of companion beams is different from the second set of companion beams.14.The method according to claim 13, wherein at least one companion beam in the first set of companion beams is different from one companion beam in the second set of companion beams.15.The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the anchor beam is used to receive at least one common physical reference signal and / or channel, and one of the first set of companion beams or one of the second set of companion beams is used to receive at least one user equipment (UE) -specific physical reference signal and / or channel.16.The method according to anyone of claims 13 to 15, the method further comprising:transmitting third information indicative of a status of the first set of companion beams or the second set of companion beams; and / ortransmitting fourth information indicative of the status of the second set of companion beams.17.The method according to anyone of claims 13 to 16, the method further comprising:transmitting fifth information indicating that a first companion beam will be released; wherein the fifth information is carried on the first companion beam belonging to the first set of companion beams.18.The method according to claim 17, the method further comprising:transmitting sixth information indicative of a time when the first companion beam will be released.19.The method according to anyone of claims 13 to 18, the method further comprising:transmitting seventh information indicating that one or more second companion beams will be released; wherein the seventh information is carried on the anchor beam and the one or more second companion beams belong to the first set of companion beams.20.The method according to claim 19, the method further comprising:transmitting eighth information indicative of a time when the one or more second companion beams will be released.21.The method according to anyone of claims 13 to 20, the method further comprising:transmitting ninth information indicating that one or more third companion beams will be added; wherein the ninth information is carried on the anchor beam, and the one or more third companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams.22.The method according to claim 21, the method further comprising:transmitting tenth information indicative of a time when the one or more third companion beams will be added.23.The method according to anyone of claims 13 to 20, the method further comprising:transmitting eleventh information comprising identity information of one or more fourth companion beams; wherein the eleventh information is carried in a higher-layer message, and the one or more companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams.24.The method according to claim 23, the method further comprising:transmitting twelfth information indicating the one or more fourth companion beams will be added; wherein the twelfth information is carried in a higher-layer message.25.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 13 to 24.26.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:receiving unit, configured to receive first information indicative of a first association between a first set of companion beams and an anchor beam; andthe receiving unit, configured to receive second information indicative of a second association between a second set of companion beams and the anchor beam; wherein the first set of companion beams is different from the second set of companion beams.27.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:transmitting unit, configured to transmit first information indicative of a first association between a first set of companion beams and an anchor beam; andthe transmitting unit, configured to transmit second information indicative of a second association between a second set of companion beams and the anchor beam; wherein the first set of companion beams is different from the second set of companion beams.28.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:one or more processors, configured to perform processing step according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 13 to 24;an interface circuit, configured to perform transmitting or receiving step according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or 13 to 24.29.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 and a second apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 13 to 24.30.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of 1 to 12 or 13 to 24.31.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 or 13 to 24.32.An apparatus comprising:a receiving unit, configured to receive first information indicative of a first association between a first set of companion beams and an anchor beam; andthe receiving unit being further configured to receive second information indicative of a second association between a second set of companion beams and the anchor beam; wherein the first set of companion beams is different from the second set of companion beams.33.The apparatus according to claim 32, wherein at least one companion beam in the first set of companion beams is different from at least one companion beam in the second set of companion beams.34.The apparatus according to claim 32 or 33, wherein the anchor beam is used to receive at least one common physical reference signal and / or channel, and one of the first set of companion beams or one of the second set of companion beams is used to receive at least one user equipment (UE) -specific physical reference signal and / or channel.35.The apparatus according to anyone of claims 32 to 34, the receiving unit being further configured to:receive third information indicative of a status of the first set of companion beams; and / orreceive fourth information indicative of the status of the second set of companion beams.36.The apparatus according to anyone of claims 32 to 35, the receiving unit being further configured to:receive fifth information indicating that a first companion beam will be released; wherein the fifth information is carried on the first companion beam belonging to the first set of companion beams.37.The apparatus according to claim 36, the apparatus further comprising a processing unit:the receiving unit being further configured to receive sixth information indicative of a time when the first companion beam will be released; andthe processing unit configured to stop monitoring a control channel and / or a signal corresponding to the first companion beam based on the fifth information and the sixth information.38.The apparatus according to anyone of claims 32 to 35, the receiving unit being further configured to:receiving seventh information indicating that one or more second companion beams will be released; wherein the seventh information is carried on the anchor beam and the one or more second companion beams belong to the first set of companion beam.39.The apparatus according to claim 38, the apparatus further comprising a processing unit:the receiving unit being further configured to receive eighth information indicative of a time when the one or more second companion beams will be released; andthe processing unit configured to stop monitoring a control channel and / or a signal corresponding to the one or more second companion beams based on the seventh information and the eighth information.40.The apparatus according to anyone of claims 32 to 39, the receiving unit being further configured to:receive ninth information indicating that one or more third companion beams will be added; wherein the ninth information is carried on the anchor beam, and the one or more third companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams.41.The apparatus according to claim 40, the apparatus further comprising a processing unit:the receiving unit being further configured to receive tenth information indicative of a time when the one or more third companion beams will be added; andthe processing unit configured to monitor a control channel and / or a signal corresponding to the one or more third companion beams based on the ninth information and the tenth information.42.The apparatus according to anyone of claims 32 to 39, the apparatus further comprising a processing unit:the receiving unit being further configured to receive eleventh information comprising identity information of one or more fourth companion beams; wherein the eleventh information is carried in a higher-layer message and the one or more fourth companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams; andthe processing unit configured to monitor a control channel and / or a signal corresponding to the one or more fourth companion beams.43.The apparatus according to claim 11, the receiving unit being further configured to:receive twelfth information indicating that the one or more fourth companion beams will be added; wherein the twelfth information is carried in a higher-layer message.44.An apparatus comprising:a transmitting unit, configured to transmit first information indicative of a first association between a first set of companion beams and an anchor beam; andthe transmitting unit being further configured to transmit second information indicative of a second association between a second set of companion beams and the anchor beam; wherein the first set of companion beams is different from the second set of companion beams.45.The apparatus according to claim 44, wherein at least one companion beam in the first set of companion beams is different from one companion beam in the second set of companion beams.46.The apparatus according to claim 44 or 45, wherein the anchor beam is used to receive at least one common physical reference signal and / or channel, and one of the first set of companion beams or one of the second set of companion beams is used to receive at least one user equipment (UE) -specific physical reference signal and / or channel.47.The apparatus according to anyone of claims 44 to 46, the transmitting unit further configured to:transmit third information indicative of a status of the first set of companion beams or the second set of companion beams; and / ortransmit fourth information indicative of the status of the second set of companion beams.48.The apparatus according to anyone of claims 44 to 47, the transmitting unit further configured to:transmit fifth information indicating that a first companion beam will be released; wherein the fifth information is carried on the first companion beam belonging to the first set of companion beams.49.The apparatus according to claim 48, the transmitting unit further configured to:transmit sixth information indicative of a time when the first companion beam will be released.50.The apparatus according to anyone of claims 44 to 49, the transmitting unit further configured to:transmit seventh information indicating that one or more second companion beams will be released; wherein the seventh information is carried on the anchor beam and the one or more second companion beams belong to the first set of companion beams.51.The apparatus according to claim 50, the transmitting unit further configured to:transmit eighth information indicative of a time when the one or more second companion beams will be released.52.The apparatus according to anyone of claims 44 to 51, the transmitting unit further configured to:transmit ninth information indicating that one or more third companion beams will be added; wherein the ninth information is carried on the anchor beam, and the one or more third companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams.53.The apparatus according to claim 52, the transmitting unit further configured to:transmit tenth information indicative of a time when the one or more third companion beams will be added.54.The apparatus according to anyone of claims 44 to 51, the transmitting unit further configured to:transmit eleventh information comprising identity information of one or more fourth companion beams; wherein the eleventh information is carried in a higher-layer message, and the one or more companion beams belong to the second set of companion beams.55.The apparatus according to claim 54, the transmitting unit further configured to:transmit twelfth information indicating the one or more fourth companion beams will be added; wherein the twelfth information is carried in a higher-layer message.