Adaptive laser-arc hybrid welding method for single-sided welding with double-sided formation, and application thereof

Abstract

An adaptive laser-arc hybrid welding method for single-sided welding with double-sided formation, comprising the following steps: step 1: enabling butt-joint assembly of steel plates; step 2: adjusting the position of a seam-tracking laser so that a laser tip is adjusted to a safe distance from workpiece surfaces; step 3: a welding machine using a welding mode other than pulse welding; step 4: adjusting the power of the laser; step 5: adjusting the diameter of a laser spot; step 6: adjusting the focal length of the spot and the distance between the spot and an arc; step 7: controlling the welding current to be 200-330 A, and the welding speed to be 1.5-2.8 M / min; and step 8: using a robot to control the welding speed and seam tracking, and implementing single-sided welding with double-sided formation of the steel plates in laser-arc hybrid welding either with arc welding leading and laser welding following, or with laser welding and arc welding sharing a molten pool. Rapid and high-quality welding of medium-thick plates of 4-28 mm is achieved, welds can be accurately located during welding, higher adaptability is achieved, the welding speed is increased, and the internal quality and surface formation quality of weld seams are also improved.

Description

An adaptive laser-assisted hybrid welding method for single-sided welding and double-sided forming and its application Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser hybrid welding technology, and relates to a single-sided welding double-sided forming method for butt welds of medium and thick plates under adaptive technology and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Shipbuilding welding technology is one of the key technologies in modern shipbuilding. In most shipyards in China, arc welding remains the primary traditional welding process, but it has significant drawbacks: excessive fumes, relatively low efficiency, high heat input, and severe plate deformation. With the continuous development and advancement of shipbuilding and welding technologies, laser-arc hybrid welding has emerged. As one of the world's most advanced welding technologies, laser-arc hybrid welding combines laser and electric arc, utilizing the laser's deep-penetrating ability and the arc's bridging ability to achieve single-sided welding with double-sided forming. It boasts high welding speed, high welding quality, a small heat-affected zone, and reduced deformation, thus improving welding quality and production processability. The application of laser-arc hybrid welding has significantly shortened the ship panel manufacturing cycle, offering substantial advantages over traditional welding processes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a solution for rapid and accurate positioning using laser vision-based positioning combined with adaptive software. By altering the laser energy, this solution improves welding efficiency, formation, and reduces welding defects in single-sided welding of medium-thick plate panels, offering a superior welding process.

[0004] The adaptive laser hybrid welding method for single-sided welding and double-sided forming proposed in this invention includes the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Assemble the steel plates by butt joints;

[0006] Step 2: Adjust the position of the positioning laser, and adjust the distance between the laser tip and the workpiece surface to a safe position;

[0007] Step 3: Use a welding mode other than pulse welding for the welding machine;

[0008] Step 4: Adjust the laser power;

[0009] Step 5: Adjust the laser spot diameter;

[0010] Step 6: Adjust the focal length of the light spot and the distance between the light spot and the electric arc;

[0011] Step 7: Control the welding current at 200-330A and the welding speed at 1.5M / min-2.8M / min;

[0012] Step 8: By controlling the welding speed and positioning with a robot, the electric arc is in front and the laser is behind, or the laser and electric arc are used to form a molten pool, thus achieving single-sided welding and double-sided forming of steel plate laser composite welding.

[0013] In step 2 of this invention, the safe position is 180-220mm away from the workpiece.

[0014] In step 3 of this invention, the welding machine used is a gas metal arc welding machine.

[0015] In step 4 of this invention, the laser power P = a * 1000W ± 800, where a is the plate thickness.

[0016] In step 5 of this invention, the light spot adopts an O-shaped shape, and the diameter of the light spot is between 0.8-1.2 mm.

[0017] In step 6 of this invention, the spacing between the optical fibers is between 0 and 5 mm.

[0018] Based on the above methods, the present invention also proposes the application of the above welding process debugging method in heavy machinery manufacturing, wherein the heavy machinery is used in the fields of new energy, shipbuilding, bridges, marine engineering, and power.

[0019] The method of this invention realizes a rapid and high-quality welding process for medium-thick plates of 4-28 mm, achieves accurate positioning of welding points during welding, has greater adaptability, improves welding speed, and also enhances the internal quality and surface finish of the weld. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the weld surface forming of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the back-side forming of the weld of the present invention. The forming is aesthetically pleasing and the excess height is reasonable.

[0023] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the weld of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the plate assembly and positioning laser scanning of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 is an image of the ultra-fine positioning imaging of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 is an overall diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the poor weld formation on the back side of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the poor back-side molding caused by insufficient power in this invention.

[0029] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the non-formed back side of the weld seam in this invention.

[0030] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the back weld of the present invention having weld beads and humps. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Except for the contents specifically mentioned below, the processes, conditions, and experimental methods for implementing the invention are all common knowledge and general knowledge in the art, and the invention does not have any particular limitations.

[0032] The adaptive laser hybrid welding method for single-sided welding and double-sided forming proposed in this invention includes the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: Assemble the steel plates with a thickness of 4-28mm by butt joint.

[0034] Step 2: Adjust the position of the positioning laser, and adjust the distance between the laser tip and the workpiece surface to a safe position (generally about 200mm from the workpiece).

[0035] Step 3: The welding machine used is a MAG (gas metal arc welding) welding machine, and the welding mode is a welding mode other than pulse welding.

[0036] Step 4: Adjust the laser power. Generally, the laser power is the plate thickness a * 1000W ± 800, i.e., P = a * 1000W ± 800.

[0037] Step 5: Adjust the laser spot diameter, adopting an O-shape. The spot diameter should be between 0.8-1.2mm.

[0038] Step 6: Adjust the focal length of the light spot and the distance between the light spot and the electric arc. The filament spacing is generally between 0-5mm.

[0039] Step 7: The welding current is generally controlled at 200-330A, and the welding speed is 1.5M / min-2.8M / min, which is 3-5 times the traditional welding speed.

[0040] Step 8: By controlling the welding speed and positioning with the robot, the electric arc is in front and the laser is behind, or the laser and electric arc are used to form a molten pool, to achieve single-sided welding and double-sided forming of 4-28mm steel plate laser composite welding.

[0041] Example

[0042] In this embodiment:

[0043] Step a: Assemble the 4-28mm thick steel plate test pieces, and grind the area around the weld seam within 20mm. Control the assembly gap between 0-0.8mm;

[0044] Step b: Activate the laser positioning system to the butt weld positioning mode;

[0045] This embodiment uses an ultra-precise mode for plate butt welding, which better tracks and positions the weld seam during the welding process. This mode eliminates the need to mill a bevel at the plate edge as in the past. Using the ultra-precise tracking mode of this invention, only normal plate butt assembly is required, without the need for additional beveling.

[0046] Step c: Adjust the laser focal length to -5mm to -5mm, the diameter of the laser focus to 0.6-1.2mm, the filament spacing to 0-5mm, the laser emission frequency to 800-1000HZ, and the duty cycle to 100%.

[0047] Step d: Select a welding wire diameter of 1.2mm;

[0048] Step e: Laser tilt angle 0-30 degrees, welding wire tilt angle 0-45 degrees;

[0049] Step f: The adaptive software system reads the set welding parameters and locates the parameters to achieve adaptive laser hybrid welding;

[0050] Step g: Compared to traditional positioning methods that require milling a bevel at the edge of the sheet metal, the method in this solution eliminates this step. It is more convenient to use, requiring only the confirmation of the start and end points, thus saving time.

[0051] Step h: If the laser power P is below or above a certain range when the parameters of welding current and welding speed remain unchanged, the weld formation will be poor, with welding defects such as incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, and weld beads. As shown in Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10.

[0052] As can be seen from the accompanying drawings, the present invention provides the following: no undercut, aesthetically pleasing weld surface, and a smooth weld surface. There is no sagging or weld beads on the back of the weld, and the weld formation is good. The weld interior is free of porosity, slag inclusions, and incomplete fusion. The overall weld formation is aesthetically pleasing and of acceptable quality, achieving a single-sided welding and double-sided forming process for marine steel plate splicing joints, as well as internal quality control of the weld.

[0053] The scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any variations and advantages that can be conceived by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept are included in this invention and are protected by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of self-adapting laser hybrid welding single-sided welding double-sided forming, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Assemble the steel plates by butt joints; Step 2: Adjust the position of the positioning laser, and adjust the distance between the laser tip and the workpiece surface to a safe position; Step 3: Use a welding mode other than pulse welding for the welding machine; Step 4: Adjust the laser power; Step 5: Adjust the laser spot diameter; Step 6: Adjust the focal length of the light spot and the distance between the light spot and the electric arc; Step 7: Control the welding current at 200-330A and the welding speed at 1.5M / min-2.8M / min; Step 8: By controlling the welding speed and positioning with a robot, the electric arc is in front and the laser is behind, or the laser and electric arc are used to form a molten pool, thus achieving single-sided welding and double-sided forming of steel plate laser composite welding.

2. The method of adaptive laser composite welding single pass double pass forming of claim 1, wherein, In step 1, the area around the weld is ground 20 mm; the assembly gap is controlled between 0-0.8 mm.

3. The method of adaptive laser composite welding single pass double pass forming of claim 1, wherein, In step 2, the safe position is 180-220mm away from the workpiece.

4. The method of adaptive laser composite welding single pass double pass forming of claim 1, wherein, In step 3, a gas metal arc welding machine is used for welding.

5. The method of adaptive laser composite welding single pass double pass forming of claim 1, wherein, In step 4, the laser power P = a * 1000W ± 800, where a is the plate thickness.

6. The method of adaptive laser composite welding single pass double pass forming of claim 1, wherein, In step 5, the light spot adopts an O-shape, and the diameter of the light spot is between 0.8-1.2mm.

7. The method of adaptive laser composite welding single pass double pass forming of claim 1, wherein, In step 6, the spacing between the optical fibers is between 0 and 5 mm.

8. The application of the adaptive laser composite welding single-sided welding double-sided forming method as described in any one of claims 1-6 in heavy machinery manufacturing.

9. The application as described in claim 7, characterized in that the heavy machinery is used in the fields of new energy, shipbuilding, bridges, marine engineering, and power.

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