Methods and apparatus for improving signal peak-to-average power ratio in mobile communications
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- MEDIATEK INC
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
Smart Images

Figure CN2025134568_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING SIGNAL PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO IN MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional application claiming the priority benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 720,244, filed 14 November 2024, and U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 747,400, filed 21 January 2025, the contents of which herein being incorporated by reference in their entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to mobile communications and, more particularly, to improving signal peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) with respect to user equipment and network apparatus in mobile communications.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is defined as the ratio of peak power to the average power of a signal and is expressed in decibels (dB) . It is typically measured for a transmitted signal in an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. A lower PAPR is desired for efficient performance of a system. Mathematically, the equation of PAPR is defined as the square of peak amplitude divided by the square of its root-mean-square (RMS) value.
[0005] OFDM is a multicarrier modulation technique where the available spectrum is separated into subcarriers, with each subcarrier containing a low-rate data stream. Signals transmitted through an OFDM system typically possess high peak values in the time domain and all the sub-carriers are out of phase with each other in an OFDM system. Since in an OFDM system, there are independently modulated subcarriers, the peak value of the system can be very high compared to the average of the whole system. This occasional surge, which results in a high PAPR (e.g., 10dB) , is one of the biggest disadvantages of an OFDM system, as it leads to a high power backoff and degrades the efficiency of the power amplifier in the transmitter. High PAPR can also cause problems such as out-of-band and in-band distortion. In-band distortions further include high error vector magnitude (EVM) and also degrade the receiver performance. Out-of-band distortions include increased adjacent channel leakage ratio and also degrade the performance of users in adjacent channels.
[0006] It is difficult to control the PAPR of OFDM systems since modulated symbols occupied on resource elements (REs) could be various for different purposes. For example, they could be known reference signals, data-modulated signals, or multiple-layer multiplexed signals, which could exacerbate the corresponding PAPR issues. Accordingly, how to reduce / improve PAPR for OFDM systems becomes an important issue in the newly developed wireless communication network. Therefore, there is a need to provide proper schemes for designing low PAPR signals.SUMMARY
[0007] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0008] An objective of the present disclosure is to propose solutions or schemes that address the aforementioned issue pertaining to improving / reducing signal PAPR with respect to user equipment (UE) and network apparatus in mobile communications.
[0009] In one aspect, a method may involve an apparatus determining, by a processor, a first signal according to a first power requirement. The method may also involve the apparatus determining, by the processor, a second signal according to a second power requirement. The method may further involve the apparatus generating, by the processor, an OFDM waveform by superposing the second signal on the first signal. The method may further involve the apparatus transmitting, by the processor, the OFDM waveform to a peer apparatus. The second power requirement is different from the first power requirement.
[0010] In one aspect, an apparatus may comprise a transceiver which, during operation, communicates wirelessly. The apparatus may also comprise a processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver. The processor, during operation, may perform operations comprising determining a first signal according to a first power requirement. The processor may also perform operations comprising determining a second signal according to a second power requirement. The processor may further perform operations comprising generating an OFDM waveform by superposing the second signal on the first signal. The processor may further perform operations comprising transmitting, via the transceiver, the OFDM waveform to a peer apparatus. The second power requirement is different from the first power requirement.
[0011] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as LTE, LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, 5G, NR, 5G-Advanced, Internet-of-Things (IoT) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) , beyond 5G (B5G) , and 6th Generation (6G) , the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies. Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of a communication environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0014] FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting example scenarios of low PAPR signal design in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of resource allocation for low PAPR signal design in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting an example implementation of a transmitter for generating a low PAPR signal in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an example communication system in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0019] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0020] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes and / or solutions pertaining to improving signal PAPR in mobile communications, which may ensure correct UE operations. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates an example scenario 100 of a communication environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. Scenario 100 involves a user equipment (UE) 110 in wireless communication with a wireless network (e.g., a 5G NR or 6G network) consisting of an access network 120 and a core network 130. The UE 110 may be a smart phone, a wearable device, an IoT device, a tablet, etc. Alternatively, the UE 110 may be a notebook (NB) or personal computer (PC) inserted or installed with a data card which includes a modem and radio frequency (RF) transceiver (s) to provide the functionality of wireless communication. In 5G NR, the access network 120 is connected to the core network 130 by means of the NG interface, more specifically to a user plane function (UPF) by means of the NG user-plane part (NG-u) , and to a mobility management function (AMF) by means of the NG control-plane part (NG-c) . One base station (BS) , such as a next-generation Node-B (gNB) , can be connected to multiple UPFs / AMFs for the purpose of load sharing and redundancy. In addition, the core network may include other entities, such as the session management function (SMF) and unified data management (UDM) , etc. The access network 120 may consist of multiple BSs (e.g., BS 121) , each BS may provide communication coverage for a geographic coverage area (e.g., a cell) where communications with the UE 110 are supported.
[0022] In the present disclosure, several schemes are proposed to shape the PAPR of an original signal (e.g., an OFDM signal) by superposing an additional signal on the original signal. The main principle for reducing PAPR is to suppress / reduce the peak power of signals. Specifically, on an i-th subcarrier of OFDM signals, it can be superposed by an additional signal yi with |yi|≤ci, where ci is a predetermined value or threshold. With a proper design, the additional signal may be able to reduce the peak power of the original signal through destructive interference. When the signal phase of the additional signal is contrary to that of the original signal, it can cause destructive interference in the signal magnitude. Thus, by subtracting the peak power from the power of the additional signal, the PAPR can be reduced. The additional signal may be a non-data signal (e.g., pure noise) or a data bearing signal with noise. To implement such designs in OFDM systems, the additional signal may need to follow one or a combination of the following design rules.
[0023] In one design rule, multiple error vector magnitude (EVM) constraints may be used by a transmitter for signal generation. For example, EVM = 8%means a maximum error magnitude relative to an average signal magnitude of ideal constellations is 8%. Suppose that the average power on a j-th subcarrier carrying data symbol is pi, then we have In other words, the rules can either specify EVM constraints or power constraints on subcarriers, and the constraints for subcarriers may vary among subcarriers. In conventional OFDM systems, only a single EVM constraint is specified for signal generation. In contrast, in the designs proposed in the present disclosure, different EVM constraints can be assigned to different signals. That is, the additional signal may have an EVM constraint / power constraint different from the original signal. For example, a higher / relaxed EVM may be configured for the additional signal. The higher / relaxed EVM may accommodate more noise (e.g., higher noise magnitude) to reduce the signal PAPR.
[0024] In another design rule, a set of assisted subcarriers with subcarrier index i and i∈S may be configured, where S represents the set of assisted subcarriers. The set of assisted subcarriers can be commonly allocated to a group of users and carry signals as noise with no data information, and each of the users is free to vary signal values on these assisted subcarriers. In this case, the EVM is infinity for these subcarriers because there are no constraints on these subcarriers, i.e., for i∈S, |yi|≤∞. The power value of the additional signals on the assisted subcarriers may be determined based on the total power constraint (e.g., maximum power constraint) of the transmitting apparatus.
[0025] In yet another design rule, a power mask may be used by the transmitter to determine the maximum allowable power of an additional superposing signal. The power constraint of the additional superposing signals may be explicitly specified. The power mask may have different power constraints for the additional superposing signals and the original signal.
[0026] FIG. 2 illustrates example scenarios 210 and 220 of low PAPR signal design in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. In scenario 210, multiple EVM constraints are applied for signal generation. The transmitter (e.g., UE or BS) may generate two data signals. The first data signal 211 may be modulated by 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) . The second data signal 212 may be modulated by Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) . The transmitter may apply different EVM constraints (i.e., power requirements) to the first data signal 211 and the second data signal 212. For example, the EVM for the first data signal 211 may be 12.5%, and the EVM for the second data signal 212 may be 17.5%. Generally, a lower modulation order (e.g., QPSK) may allow a looser EVM constraint (e.g., 17.5%) since its data information is relatively low and can tolerate more noise. As mentioned above, noise can be used to suppress the peak power and reduce the PAPR. Thus, the data signal with looser EVM constraint can have better PAPR. By combining data signals with different EVM constraints, the overall signal's PAPR can be improved / reduced.
[0027] In some implementations, for uplink, a UE may receive configurations for power requirements and resource allocations (e.g., REs) from a network node. The UE may be scheduled with two transport blocks (TBs) , each with different resource allocation. The two TBs are associated with different EVM requirements. For example, a first TB may be associated with QPSK and EVM=17.5%, and a second TB may be associated with 16-QAM and EVM=12.5%. The UE may transmit both TBs to the network node. Then the overall signal PAPR observed by the network node can be improved / reduced. On the other hand, for downlink, a network node may determine two TBs. The network node may apply different EVMs to the two TBs. For example, a first TB may be associated with QPSK and EVM=17.5%, and a second TB may be associated with 16-QAM and EVM=12.5%. The network node may transmit both TBs to the UE. Then the overall signal PAPR observed by the UE can be improved / reduced.
[0028] In scenario 220, a set of assisted subcarriers with an infinite EVM requirement is used for signal generation. That is, the power requirement (e.g., the second power requirement) for the assisted subcarriers may specify no power limitation on a set of REs (i.e., no power limitation prescribed by the second power requirement) . The transmitter (e.g., UE or BS) may generate noise (e.g., pure noise) on the assisted subcarriers, as shown by the arrow lines 221 in scenario 220. The power of the noise on the assisted subcarriers may be higher than data signals, but still need to comply with (e.g., not greater than) the total power constraint / regulation of the transmitter. The transmitter may superpose the noise on the data signals (e.g., 16-QAM and / or QPSK data signals) . The noise on the assisted subcarriers can be used to suppress the peak power of the data signals and reduce the PAPR. Thus, with proper design on values (i.e., signal values) of the noise, by superposing the noise on the data signals, the PAPR of the overall signal can be reduced.
[0029] In some implementations, for uplink, a UE may be scheduled with TBs and a set of assisted subcarriers with an infinite EVM requirement within the TBs. The UE may generate data signals on the TBs and generate noise on the assisted subcarriers. The UE may transmit both the TBs and the noise to the network node (e.g., by superposing the noise on the TBs) on the same set of OFDM symbols. Then the overall signal PAPR observed by the network node can be improved / reduced. On the other hand, for downlink, a network node may determine TBs and a set of assisted subcarriers with an infinite EVM requirement within the TBs. The network node may generate data signals on the TBs and generate noise on the assisted subcarriers. The network node may transmit both the TBs and the noise to the UE (e.g., by superposing the noise on the TBs) . Then the overall signal PAPR observed by the UE can be improved / reduced.
[0030] For power requirement configurations, the network node may indicate / determine multiple EVMs or multiple maximum allowable power constraints for superposing additional signals (e.g., noise) on the REs used for generating one signal waveform (e.g., one OFDM symbol) . Under the specified constraint, the transmitter can superpose the additional signals on top of the original signal waveform to be transmitted to further reduce the signal PAPR. The network node may provide / determine information indicating allowable EVMs on REs. For example, a first EVM and a second EVM may be directly signaled (e.g., 8%and 3.5%) .
[0031] Alternatively, the EVM can be signaled / implied by the modulation order (MOD) specified for each RE. For example, in NR, EVM requirements for QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM are 17.5%, 12.5%, 8%, and 3.5%, respectively. The corresponding signal power over noise power is 15.139 dB, 18.062 dB, 21.938 dB, and 29.119 dB, respectively. The higher the modulation order, the higher the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) . To support this scheme, a UE may be signaled with more than one MOD for its data transmission in one time unit or transmission unit (e.g., one slot) . In another example, EVM requirements can be signaled / implied by the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) specified for each RE. Mapping from each MCS level to a corresponding amount of EVM can be predefined or configured by the network. The lower the MCS, the larger the noise that can be added. To support this scheme, a UE may be signaled with multiple MCS for its data transmission in one time unit or transmission unit (e.g., one slot) , for multiple sets of data REs. As a result, for one uplink / downlink transmission, data REs may be assigned with different MODs or MCSs. Allocation of the multiple sets of data REs can be per a PRB basis or per an RE basis. As a first example, a UE may be assigned QPSK for PRB#1~PRB#10 and 16QAM for PRB#11~PRB#20 for generating one transmission waveform. As a second example, a UE may be assigned QPSK for PRB#1, PRB#3, …, PRB#19 and 16QAM for PRB#2, PRB#4, …, PRB#20 for generating one transmission waveform. As a third example, a UE may be assigned QPSK for the REs with odd indexes and 16QAM for the REs with even indexes for generating one transmission waveform. These sets of REs with different MODs or MCSs may be non-overlapped. In some implementations, different EVM requirements may be assigned for a data RE and a reference signal (RS) RE, even if they are with the same MOD, because typically the RS RE needs to be more reliable than the data RE.
[0032] In some implementations, when the EVM can be infinity, or equivalently (e.g., no constraint) , the UE can assign any value for the assisted REs, the UE should also consider its total power constraint / regulation, etc. It should be noted that these REs can be within or outside the RBs allocated for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . It is also possible to allocate power on subcarriers not allocated to the UE, but the maximum power should follow the specified power constraints to avoid interfering with the transmission of other users.
[0033] FIG. 3 illustrates an example scenario 300 of resource allocation for low PAPR signal design in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. The network node may determine / configure the time-frequency resource allocation for REs and provide the information indicating allowable EVMs on REs. As shown in FIG. 3, there are data REs, reference signal REs, and assisted REs. The data REs may be allocated for carrying data information. The reference signal REs may be allocated for reference signal transmissions. The assisted REs may be allocated for carrying noise to improve the signal PAPR. Different EVMs may be assigned to these different types of REs. For example, a first EVM requirement and a second EVM requirement may be informed to the UE. The first EVM is associated with a first set of REs, and the second EVM is associated with a second set of REs. The first set of REs is allocated for the data transmission (e.g., data REs) . The second set of REs is allocated for the additional signal transmission (e.g., assisted REs) . EVM requirements can be converted to a maximum allowable power of a superposing signal that can be added to ideal modulation symbols with no EVM error.
[0034] The allocated RE pattern may have some properties. For example, the assisted REs may be uniformly spread over the allocated physical resource blocks (PRBs) for transmission or another set of PRBs. As shown in FIG. 3, an assisted RE is allocated every 12 REs (i.e., gap=12 subcarriers for two adjacent assisted REs in the frequency domain) , and there are two assisted REs allocated in each OFDM symbol. Some parameters may be used to describe / configure the pattern. For example, a gap between two adjacent assisted REs and an offset relative to a reference subcarrier index (e.g., the first subcarrier of all allocated PRBs) in each OFDM symbol may be specified.
[0035] Considering that the REs may already be allocated to the UE for other purposes / functionalities, some rules or flexibility may further be considered / configured. For example, the usage of reducing PAPR may have a higher priority than other functionality, so that when the assisted REs collide with REs reserved for a particular functionality (e.g., REs for acknowledgement / negative-acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) , random access channel (RACH) signals, etc. ) , the UE is still allowed to vary signal values on the assisted REs, or equivalently, code-rate is zero for the assisted REs because the assisted REs carry no data information. In another example, the assisted REs may not overlap with the REs occupied by the reference signals or some REs reserved for functionalities with higher priority (e.g., REs for ACK / NACK, RACH signals, etc. ) .
[0036] Some design principles may be provided in the present disclosure for illustration. For example, REs as assisted REs may be equally spaced with a gap = d1 in the frequency domain, where d1 is a non-negative integer (e.g., d1=12) , and are spanned over all PRBs allocated to the UE. The REs for modulated symbols and the REs for reference signals (e.g., DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) ) are non-overlapped. If it is overlapped, a predefined rule may be applied to determine an unoccupied RE location to be an assisted RE (e.g., the next adjacent unoccupied RE, or simply drop the assisted RE) .
[0037] From the network node’s perspective, the assisted REs for all served users can be the same because these REs do not carry uplink data information. Thus, the signaling of the assisted REs can be cell-specific through a radio resource control (RRC) configuration, or it can be group-common dynamic signaling (i.e., the control information can be decoded by a group of UEs) .
[0038] FIG. 4 illustrates an example implementation 400 of a transmitter for generating a low PAPR signal in accordance with implementations of the present disclosure. The transmitter may comprise a K-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to convert a discrete-time signal into its discrete-frequency components. The transmitter may also comprise a subcarrier mapping block / circuit to map the frequency components to the subcarriers. The transmitter may further comprise an M-point inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) to convert a sequence from the frequency domain back to the time domain. The modulated symbols (e.g., QPSK or π / 2-binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , etc. ) carried encoded data signals are first applied by the DFT (or so called “transformed precoding” ) . Then, the outputs of the DFT are mapped to contiguous subcarriers or interlaced / interleaved subcarriers as the inputs of the IDFT block to further generate an OFDM symbol.
[0039] The proposed designs in the present disclosure may be applied to a Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) transmitter. That is, the superposing of the signals may be applied before or after performing a subcarrier mapping in a procedure of generating a DFT-sOFDM symbol. For assisted REs, in one implementation, assuming that the outputs of the subcarrier mapping block based on the conventional procedure defined in LTE or NR have been obtained. Given the locations of the assisted REs, for the inputs of the IDFT block (e.g., option 1 as shown in FIG. 4) , the transmitter may overwrite signal values on subcarriers at the locations of the assisted REs and keep the values on other subcarriers unchanged. In another implementation, assuming that the outputs of the DFT block based on the conventional procedure defined in LTE or NR have been obtained. For the subcarrier mapping step, given the locations of the assisted REs, the outputs are mapped to subcarriers not allocated to the assisted REs (e.g., option 2 as shown in FIG. 4) . The network node should inform the UE of resource allocation for both data REs and the assisted REs under the assumption that REs for these two purposes are non-overlapping. For example, PRBs with index = 1 to 10 are allocated to the UE. The UE is also informed of the gap for assisted REs = d1 and the offset for all OFDM symbols = c, which is an integer.
[0040] For data REs, similarly, the additional signal may be superposed on the data REs, under constraints specified by power constraints or EVM constraints. The superposition can be done on the input of the M-point IDFT, according to the power constraints on each subcarrier (RE) .
[0041] In some implementations, the values to be applied to the assisted REs may be with no constraint or any value satisfying a set of constraints. For example, each of the values may be limited to constant modulation like QPSK, 8PSK, etc. Alternatively, each of the values may be with power no more than a threshold. The UE may have flexibility to adjust the values (satisfying a set of constraints, if any) on the assisted REs so that the PAPR of OFDM symbols is reduced / minimized. Illustrative Implementations
[0042] FIG. 5 illustrates an example communication system 500 having at least an example communication apparatus 510 and an example network apparatus 520 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of the communication apparatus 510 and network apparatus 520 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes and methods described herein pertaining to improving signal PAPR in mobile communications, including scenarios / schemes described above as well as process 600 described below.
[0043] Communication apparatus 510 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a UE such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 510 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer or a notebook computer. Communication apparatus 510 may also be a part of a machine type apparatus, which may be an IoT, NB-IoT, or IIoT apparatus such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a wire communication apparatus or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 510 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker or a home control center. Alternatively, communication apparatus 510 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. Communication apparatus 510 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 5 such as a processor 512, for example. Communication apparatus 510 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of communication apparatus 510 are neither shown in FIG. 5 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0044] Network apparatus 520 may be a part of a network apparatus, which may be a network node such as a satellite, a base station, a small cell, a router or a gateway. For instance, network apparatus 520 may be implemented in an eNB in an LTE network, in a gNB in a 5G / NR, IoT, NB-IoT or IIoT network or in a satellite or base station in a 6G network. Network apparatus 520 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 5 such as a processor 522, for example. Processor 522 may further include protocol stacks and a set of control functional modules and circuit. Network apparatus 520 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of network apparatus 520 are neither shown in FIG. 5 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0045] In one aspect, each of the processor 512 and processor 522 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “a processor” is used herein to refer to processor 512 and processor 522, each of the processor 512 and processor 522 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of the processor 512 and processor 522 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of the processor 512 and processor 522 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks in a device (e.g., as represented by communication apparatus 510) and a network (e.g., as represented by network apparatus 520) in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0046] In some implementations, communication apparatus 510 may also include a transceiver 516 coupled to processor 512 and capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, communication apparatus 510 may further include a memory 514 coupled to processor 512 and capable of being accessed by processor 512 and storing data therein.
[0047] In some implementations, network apparatus 520 may further include a memory 524 coupled to processor 522 and capable of being accessed by processor 522 and storing data therein. Accordingly, communication apparatus 510 and network apparatus 520 may wirelessly communicate with each other via transceiver 516 and transceiver 526, respectively.
[0048] For illustrative purposes and without limitation, descriptions of capabilities of the communication apparatus 510 are provided below with process 600 and process 700. In which, communication apparatus 510 is implemented in or as a communication apparatus or a UE, and network apparatus 520 is implemented in or as a network node of a communication network (e.g., a base station) . Illustrative Processes
[0049] FIG. 6 illustrates an example process 600 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 600 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to improving signal PAPR in mobile communications. Process 600 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of communication apparatus 510. Process 600 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 610, 620, 630 and 640. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 600 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 600 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 6 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 600 may be implemented by communication apparatus 510 or any suitable UE (e.g., the UE 110) or machine type devices. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 600 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 510 as a UE. Process 600 may begin at block 610.
[0050] At block 610, process 600 may involve processor 512 of communication apparatus 510 determining a first signal (e.g., data signal) according to a first power requirement. Process 600 may proceed from block 610 to block 620.
[0051] At block 620, process 600 may involve processor 512 determining a second signal (e.g., noise) according to a second power requirement. Process 600 may proceed from block 620 to block 630.
[0052] At block 630, process 600 may involve processor 512 generating an OFDM waveform by superposing the second signal on the first signal. Process 600 may proceed from block 630 to block 640.
[0053] At block 640, process 600 may involve processor 512 transmitting, via transceiver 516, the OFDM waveform to a peer apparatus (e.g., network apparatus 520) . The second power requirement may be different from the first power requirement.
[0054] In some implementations, the first power requirement or the second power requirement may comprise an EVM requirement, a maximum allowable power constraint, or a power mask.
[0055] In some implementations, the first power requirement or the second power requirement may be indicated via an MCS indicator.
[0056] In some implementations, the first signal may be a data bearing signal (i.e., a signal carrying data information) . The second signal may be a data bearing signal or a non-data signal (i.e., a signal without data information or a noise without data information) .
[0057] In some implementations, process 600 may further involve processor 512 determining a first set of REs for the first signal and a second set of REs for the second signal.
[0058] In some implementations, the first set of REs and the second set of REs may be allocated per a PRB basis or per an RE basis. The first set of REs and the second set of REs are non-overlapped.
[0059] In some implementations, the first set of REs and the second set of REs may be interlaced with each other per an RE basis or per a PRB basis. The first set of REs and the second set of REs are non-overlapped.
[0060] In some implementations, the superposing may be applied before or after performing a subcarrier mapping in a procedure of generating a DFT-sOFDM symbol (e.g., option 1 or option 2 as shown in FIG. 4) .
[0061] In some implementations, the second set of REs is uniformly spread over a set of PRBs allocated for the first signal or another set of PRBs.
[0062] In some implementations, process 600 may involve processor 512 or 522 receiving or transmitting, via transceiver 516 or 526, a first configuration for configuring the first power requirement and the second power requirement.
[0063] In some implementations, process 600 may involve processor 512 or 522 receiving or transmitting, via transceiver 516 or 526, a second configuration for configuring the first set of REs and the second set of REs.
[0064] In some implementations, the second configuration may comprise a gap value between two adjacent REs of the second set of REs and an offset value relative to a reference subcarrier index.
[0065] In some implementations, the first signal may be associated with a first modulation order or a first MCS. The second signal may be associated with a second modulation order or a second MCS.
[0066] In some implementations, the first signal may be associated with a modulation order (MOD) or an MCS. The second signal may carry no data information or is associated with another MOD or another MCS.
[0067] In some implementations, the second power requirement may specify no power limitation on a set of REs. Additional Notes
[0068] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0069] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0070] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “asystem having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “asystem having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0071] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:determining, by a processor of an apparatus, a first signal according to a first power requirement;determining, by the processor, a second signal according to a second power requirement;generating, by the processor, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform by superposing the second signal on the first signal; andtransmitting, by the processor, the OFDM waveform to a peer apparatus,wherein the second power requirement is different from the first power requirement.2.The method of Claim 1, wherein the first power requirement or the second power requirement comprises an error vector magnitude (EVM) requirement, a maximum allowable power constraint, or a power mask.3.The method of Claim 1, wherein the first power requirement or the second power requirement is indicated via a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) indicator.4.The method of Claim 1, wherein the first signal is a data bearing signal, and wherein the second signal is a data bearing signal or a non-data signal.5.The method of Claim 1, further comprising:determining, by the processor, a first set of resource elements (REs) for the first signal; anddetermining, by the processor, a second set of REs for the second signal.6.The method of Claim 5, wherein the first set of REs and the second set of REs are allocated per a physical resource block (PRB) basis or per an RE basis, and wherein the first set of REs and the second set of REs are non-overlapped.7.The method of Claim 5, wherein the first set of REs and the second set of REs are interlaced with each other per an RE basis or per a physical resource block (PRB) basis, and wherein the first set of REs and the second set of REs are non-overlapped.8.The method of Claim 1, wherein the superposing is applied before or after performing a subcarrier mapping in a procedure of generating a Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread OFDM (DFT-sOFDM) symbol.9.The method of Claim 5, wherein the second set of REs is uniformly spread over a set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) allocated for the first signal or another set of PRBs.10.The method of Claim 5, further comprising:receiving or transmitting, by the processor, a first configuration for configuring the first power requirement and the second power requirement; andreceiving or transmitting, by the processor, a second configuration for configuring the first set of REs and the second set of REs.11.The method of Claim 10, wherein the second configuration comprises a gap value between two adjacent REs of the second set of REs and an offset value relative to a reference subcarrier index.12.The method of Claim 1, wherein the first signal is associated with a first modulation order or a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , and wherein the second signal is associated with a second modulation order or a second MCS.13.The method of Claim 1, wherein the first signal is associated with a modulation order (MOD) or a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , and wherein the second signal carries no data information or is associated with another MOD or another MCS.14.The method of Claim 1, wherein the second power requirement specifies no power limitation on a set of resource elements (REs) .15.An apparatus, comprising:a transceiver which, during operation, communicates wirelessly; anda processor communicatively coupled to the transceiver such that, during operation, the processor performs operations comprising:determining a first signal according to a first power requirement;determining a second signal according to a second power requirement;generating an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform by superposing the second signal on the first signal; andtransmitting, via the transceiver, the OFDM waveform to a peer apparatus,wherein the second power requirement is different from the first power requirement.16.The apparatus of Claim 15, wherein the first power requirement or the second power requirement comprises an error vector magnitude (EVM) requirement, a maximum allowable power constraint, or a power mask.17.The apparatus of Claim 15, wherein, during operation, the processor further performs operations comprising:determining a first set of resource elements (REs) for the first signal; anddetermining, by the processor, a second set of REs for the second signal.18.The apparatus of Claim 17, wherein the second set of REs is uniformly spread over a set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) allocated for the first signal or another set of PRBs.19.The apparatus of Claim 17, wherein, during operation, the processor further performs operations comprising:receiving or transmitting, via the transceiver, a first configuration for configuring the first power requirement and the second power requirement; andreceiving or transmitting, via the transceiver, a second configuration for configuring the first set of REs and the second set of REs.20.The apparatus of Claim 15, wherein the first signal is associated with a modulation order (MOD) or a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , and wherein the second signal carries no data information or is associated with another MOD or another MCS.