routing
By adding network identifiers and functionality indicators in access token requests, the patent addresses authorization and feature negotiation issues in subscription-based routing, enabling successful communication and service access in scenarios without direct roaming agreements.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
Smart Images

Figure CN2025135681_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ROUTINGTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The non-limiting and exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the technical field of communications, and specifically to routing methods, network nodes and communication networks.BACKGROUND
[0002] This section introduces aspects that may facilitate a better understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
[0003] Subscription-based routing to a target core network is a kind of Roaming Value-added Service (RVAS) . It was introduced in Release 19 and described in clause 4.2.3 of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification (TS) 23.501 Version (V) 19.1.0 as such:
[0004] “Subscription-based routing to a particular core network as specified in clause 6.44 of TS 22.261 [2] enables forwarding of the signalling and user traffic of certain User Equipment (UE) sto a target Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) that may be neither the serving PLMN nor the Home PLMN (HPLMN) of the UE. This is achieved by selecting Network Function (NF) sresiding in the target PLMN. The Network Repository Function (NRF) of the HPLMN, with optional support of the NRF in that target PLMN as specified in clause 4.17.5 of TS 23.502 [3] , is responsible to provide proper network function instance information during network function discovery and selection. ”
[0005] It is desirable to provide an improved routing solution.SUMMARY
[0006] One example network architecture for subscription-based routing to a target core network is shown in FIG. 1.
[0007] In a Home Routed (HR) roaming scenario, an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) performs discovery of both Home-Session Management Function (H-SMF) and Visited Session Management Function (V-SMF) . As shown in FIG. 1, the H-SMF may in a target PLMN. The AMF includes H-SMF information to the V-SMF in a PDU Session Establishment procedure as described in the clause 4.3.2.2.2 of 3GPP TS 23.502 V19.1.0. An indication of Open Authorization (OAuth) 2.0 required by the H-SMF may be included in the H-SMF information, if the OAuth 2.0 is required. Then the V-SMF may request an access token to be generated by a Partner-Network Repository Function (P-NRF) in the target PLMN via the Visited-Network Repository Function (V-NRF) . The V-SMF may include the access token in an Nsmf_PDUSession request toward the H-SMF, then the H-SMF performs the Nsmf_PDUSession request handling after the access token is verified successfully. In FIG. 1, the UDM stands for Unified Data Management and the AUSF stands for Authentication Server Function.
[0008] However, whether there is a roaming agreement between a Visited PLMN (VPLMN) and a target PLMN is not clearly described in a 3GPP specification for the function “subscription-based routing to a target core network” . Usually there is no such a roaming agreement, which means that all the messages shall go through the Home PLMN (HPLMN) from the VPLMN to the target PLMN. When there is no roaming agreement between a VPLMN and a target PLMN, there will be following problems:
[0009] Problem 1. For OAuth 2.0 functionality
[0010] There are two kinds of access tokens which can be retrieved by an NF Service Consumer (or called “NF consumer” or NFc) in a VPLMN:
[0011] -per NF Instance;
[0012] -NF Type.
[0013] For an access token per Network Function (NF) Instance, an H-NRF can locally store the mapping of an NF Instance Id of an NF producer in the target PLMN and the target PLMN by utilizing the NF Service discovery request and response, so when the H-NRF receives an access token request from the V-NRF, it can check its local storage on the mapping, then forward the access token request to the P-NRF in the target PLMN.
[0014] For access token per NF Type, an H-NRF cannot derive the target PLMN based on the access token request if the same type of NF Service Producers (or called “NF producer” or NFp) exist in its own PLMN, because there is no attribute in the request (e.g. nfInstanceId) for the H-NRF to find the target PLMN.
[0015] If we want to support the OAuth 2.0, the V-SMF have to include multiple PLMNs’ information for the access token to be generated by the P-NRF in the target PLMN. One should be the HPLMN for the V-NRF to find the H-NRF. And another should be the target PLMN for the H-NRF to find the P-NRF, like the Data Network Name (DNN) in the NF Service Discovery request, so the H-NRF can forward to the P-NRF to generate the access token. But at this moment, as defined in 3GPP TS 29.510 V19.0.0 for “Access Token Request” , there is only one PLMN which can be included in Type level from the P-NRF in the target PLMN, so it is impossible for the V-NRF to request the Access Token per NF Type level from the P-NRF in the target PLMN, then the V-SMF cannot include the (correct) access token in the service request to the H-SMF, which might lead to the failure in the PDU Session procedures.
[0016] Above problem exists for the message from the H-SMF to the V-SMF as well, when the V-SMF requires the OAuth 2.0 functionality for Quality of Service (QoS) update via Nsmf_PDUSession update etc.
[0017] Problem 2. for Authorization in the P-NRF in the target PLMN
[0018] There are several attributes in the NF Profile registered in the NRF (e.g. allowedPlmn) used by the NRF to perform authorization based on the information (e.g. requester-plmn-list) included in the request from an NFc for NF Service Discovery or Access Token.
[0019] Due to no roaming agreement between the VPLMN and the Target PLMN, the P-NRF might not authorize the NFc (e.g. AMF, V-SMF) in the VPLMN to access service provided by the NFp (i.e. H-SMF) in the target PLMN, and the V-NRF might also not authorize the NFc (H-SMF) in the target PLMN to access service provided by the NFp (i.e. V-SMF) in the VPLMN. So authorization might fail, which impacts the whole procedure.
[0020] Problem 3. for feature negotiation
[0021] Furthermore, for OAuth 2.0 functionality, additional functionality is needed to be implemented in the V-SMF, but there is no feature indication to indicate that an NF producer (e.g. a V-SMF) supports the functionality subscription-based routing to a target core network, an NF consumer, such as an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF) to select a legacy V-SMF not supporting the functionality subscription-based routing to a target core network, which leads to the functionality not working.
[0022] Routing methods, network nodes, communication systems, computer readable storage medium and computer program product are provided in different aspects in the present disclosure, to solve the above problems.
[0023] Solution 1. Adding an additional network identifier and functionality indicator
[0024] In solution 1, a home network (e.g. a HPLMN) identifier can be added in the request for access token from a requester network (where the NF consumer is in) to a target network (where the NF producer is in, the NF consumer request service provided by the NF producer, who needs to authorize the NF consumer to access the NF producer’s service) . So in the request, the requester network (e.g. VPLMN or Target PLMN) identifier, the target network (e.g. Target PLMN or VPLMN) identifier and the home network identifier can be added, to solve the above mentioned problem 1. With the home network identifier, a requester network can send the request for the access token to the home network, where the access right of the requester network can be validated, then the request can be further sent to the target network. Optionally, a network node (e.g. AMF) in the requester network can indicate the network node (e.g. V-SMF) implementing the NFc that subscription-based routing to a target core network is applied, then the network node implementing the NFc will get the home network identifier and included in the request for access token.
[0025] Also, when the home network sends to the target network (e.g. the target PLMN or visited PLMN) the request for the access token, an indicator can be included to indicate the target network skipping authorization towards the requester network. With the indicator, the target network will not reject service request from the requester network and provide service as requested, which can solve the above mentioned problem 2.
[0026] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method is provided, which can be performed by a first network node in a first network. The first network node may implement an access and mobility management function. In the method, the first network node may send to a second network node in the first network, a first message related to a terminal device, the message may include a first indicator indicating that the terminal device is using subscription-based routing to a target core network. The first network is a visited network of the terminal device.
[0027] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method is provided, which can be performed by a second network node in a first network, the second network node may receive from a first network node in the first network and implementing an access and mobility management function. The second network node may receive from the first network node a first message related to a terminal device, the message may include a first indicator indicating that the terminal device is using subscription-based routing to a target core network. The first network is a visited network of the terminal device.
[0028] For the above first and second aspects, with the first indicator, the second network node in the first network can be informed that the terminal device is using subscription-based routing to a target core network, based on which, the second network node can process accordingly for the subscription-based routing to a target core network. For example, the second network node may obtain an identifier of a home network of the terminal device for locating the home network of the terminal device, to send access token request to the home network of the terminal device. Then the home network of the terminal device can verify that the first network can access service provided by the target core network based on the agreement between the first network and the home network and the agreement between the home network and the target core network.
[0029] In some embodiments, for the second aspect of the present disclosure, the second network node may obtain an identifier of a second network. The second network is a home network of the terminal device. The second network node may send to a third network node in the first network a first request to get an access token for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in a third network. The third network is the target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device. The third network node may implement a network repository function. The first request may comprise the identifier of the first network as a requester network, the identifier of the third network as a target network and the identifier of the second network. The identifier of the second network can help the third network node locate the home network of the terminal device to validate that the first network can access service provided in the third network based on the agreement between the first network and the home network and the agreement between the home network and the target core network.
[0030] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method is provided. The method can be performed by a second network node in a first network. In the method, the second network node may send to a third network node in the first network and implementing a network repository function a first request to get an access token for an authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in a third network.
[0031] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method is provided. The method can be performed by a third network in a first network and implementing a network repository function. In the method, the third network node may receive from a second network node in the first network a first request to get an access token for an authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in a third network.
[0032] For the above third and fourth aspects, the second network may be a home network of the terminal device. The third network may be a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device, the first network may be a visited network of the terminal device. Or the first network may be a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device, the third network may be a visited network of the terminal device. The first request may include an identifier of the first network as a requester network, an identifier of the third network as a target network and an identifier of the second network. The identifier of the second network can help the third network node locate the home network of the terminal device to validate that the first network can access service provided in the third network based on the agreement between the first network and the home network and the agreement between the home network and the third network.
[0033] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method provided. The method can be performed by a fourth network node in a second network and implementing a network repository function. The second network can be a home network of a terminal device. In the method, the fourth network node may receive from a third network node in a first network a third request to get an access token for an authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network. The first network may be a visited network of a terminal device, the third network may be a target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device. Or the first network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device, the third network is a visited network of the terminal device. The third request may include an identifier of the first network as a requester network, an identifier of the third network as a target network and an identifier of the second network. The fourth network node in the home network of the terminal device may validate that the first network is allowed to access a network function’s service in the third network based on the agreement between the first network and the second network and the agreement between the second network and the third network. The fourth network node may send to a fifth network node in the third network and implementing a network repository function, a fourth request to get the access token, the fourth request may include the identifier of the first network as a requester network, the identifier of the third network as a target network, the identifier of the second network and a third indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network.
[0034] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method is provided. The method can be performed by a fifth network node in a third network and implementing a network repository function. In the method, the fifth network node may receive from the fourth network node in the above fifth aspect of the present disclosure the fourth request. With the third indicator received in the fourth request, the fifth network node may skip authorization towards the first network and generate an access token for the first network to access service provided in the third network. The access token may include the identifier of the first network as a consumer network, the identifier of the third network as a producer network, the identifier of the second network and the third indicator.
[0035] Then the access token can be sent from the fifth network node to the fourth network node in the above fifth aspect, from the fourth network node to the third network node in the above fourth aspect, then from the third network node to the second network node in the above second aspect or third aspect.
[0036] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method is provided. The method can be performed by a sixth network node in a third network. In the method, the sixth network node may receive from a second network node in a first network a second request to access a network function’s service in the third network for a terminal device. The second request may include an access token for an authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network, and the access token may include an identifier of the first network as a consumer network, an identifier of the third network as a producer network, an identifier of a second network, and a third indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network. The second network may be a home network of the terminal device. The first network may be a visited network of the terminal device, the third network may be a target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device. Or the first network may be a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device, the third network may be a visited network of the terminal device. The sixth network node may obtaining the access token from the second request and determine based on the third indicator and the identifier of the second network that the authorization towards the first network is validated by the second network.
[0037] Solution 2. Adding a home network identifier during V-SMF change
[0038] Similar to solution 1, during V-SMF change, the home network identifier can be added in the request for the access token between the new SMF and the old SMF for success acquisition of the access token in following procedure.
[0039] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method is provided. The method can be performed by a second network node in a first network. In the method, the second network node may send to a seventh network node in the first network a first message related to a terminal device. The first message may include a first indicator indicating that the terminal device is using subscription-based routing to a target core network.
[0040] In a nineth aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method a provided. The method can be performed by a seventh network node in a first network. In the method, the seventh network node may receive from a second network node in the first network a first message related to a terminal device. The first message may include a first indicator indicating that the terminal device is using subscription-based routing to a target core network.
[0041] For the above eighth and nineth aspects, the first network may be a visited network of the terminal device, the second network node may implement an old network function for the terminal device and the seventh network node may implement a new and same type of network function with the second network node for the terminal device. Based on the first indicator, during a network function change, the new network node can know that the terminal device is using subscription-based routing to a target network, then it can process accordingly for the subscription-based routing to the target core network. For example, it may obtain an identifier of a home network of the terminal device for locating the home network of the terminal device for verifying that the first network can access service provided by the target core network based on the agreement between the first network and the home network and the agreement between the home network and the target core network.
[0042] Solution 3. for feature negotiation
[0043] A new feature can be added in an NF profile to indicate that an NF supports the subscription-based routing to a target core network. So an NF consumer can select an NF producer supporting the functionality.
[0044] In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method is provided. The method can be performed by an eleventh network node. In the method, the eleventh network node may send to a twelfth network node implementing network repository function a registration request to register a network function profile of the eleventh network node in the twelfth network node.
[0045] In an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method is provided. The method can be performed by a twelfth network node implementing a network repository function. In the method, the twelfth network node may receive from an eleventh network node a registration request to register a network function profile of the eleventh network node in the twelfth network node. The twelfth network may registering the network function profile of the eleventh network node.
[0046] In a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method is provided. The method can be performed by a thirteenth network node. In the method, the thirteenth network node may send to twelfth network node implementing a network repository function a discovery request to discover a network function supporting subscription-based routing to a target core network. The discovery request may include a query parameter including a supported feature to indicate supporting subscription-based routing to a target core network. The thirteenth network node may receive from the twelfth node a discovery response to the discovery request. The discovery response may include at least one network function profile, and each network function profile corresponds to a network function supporting the subscription-based routing to a target core network.
[0047] For the above tenth, eleventh and twelfth aspects, the NF profile of the eleventh network node may include an eleventh indicator indicating that the eleventh network node supports subscription-based routing to a target core network.
[0048] Solution 4. Skipping authorization during discovery procedure
[0049] In a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method is provided, which may be performed by a fourth network node in a second network and implementing a network repository function. in the method, the fourth network node may receive from a third network node in a first network and implementing a network repository function, a first discovery request for a network function producer in a third network to provide service to a terminal device. The fourth network node may determine that the terminal device is using subscription-based routing to a target core network, and send to a fifth network node in the third network and implementing a network repository function a second discovery request to discover the network function producer in the third network. The second discovery request may include an indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network.
[0050] In a fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a routing method is provided. The method can be performed by a fifth network node in the third network and implementing a network repository function. In the method, the fifth network node may receive from a fourth network node in a second network and implementing a network repository function a second discovery request to discover the network function producer in the third network. The second discovery request may include an indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network. The fifth network node may skip based on the indicator the authorization towards the first network.
[0051] For the thirteenth and fourteenth aspects, the second network may be a home network of the terminal device. The first network may be a visited network of the terminal device, the third network may be a target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device. Or the first network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device, the third network is a visited network of the terminal device.
[0052] In a fifteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a network node is provided, which may include processing circuitry and a memory. The processing circuitry is configured to perform any method according to any of the first to fourteenth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0053] In a sixteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a network node is provided, which comprises modules adapted to perform the method according to any of the first to fourteenth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0054] In a seventeenth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication system is provided, which may comprise at least one of the above-mentioned network nodes in the present disclosure in solution 1, solution 2 or solution 4.
[0055] In an eighteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication system is provided, which may comprise at least one of the above-mentioned network nodes in the present disclosure in solution 3.
[0056] In a nineteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium is provided, which stores thereon instructions. When the instructions are executed by a network node, cause the network node to perform the method according to any of the first to fourteenth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0057] In a twentieth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product comprises instructions. When the instructions are executed by a network node, cause the network node to perform the method according to any of the first to the fourteenth aspects of the present disclosure.
[0058] In a twenty-first aspect of the present disclosure, a carrier containing the instructions of the eighth aspect is provided. In some embodiments, the carrier may be one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.
[0059] Above is a summary to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0060] Embodiments herein may provide many advantages, of which a non-exhaustive list of examples follows. The embodiments herein are not limited to the features and advantages mentioned above. A person skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages upon reading the following detailed description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0061] The above and other aspects, features, and benefits of various embodiments of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent, by way of example, from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals or letters are used to designate like or equivalent elements. The drawings are illustrated for facilitating better understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure and not necessarily drawn to scale, in which:
[0062] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary network structure for subscription based routing to a target core network;
[0063] FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show exemplary communication systems in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0064] FIG. 4 shows a 5G reference architecture;
[0065] FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B, FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show routing methods illustrating interactions between network nodes in a communication system shown in FIG. 2;
[0066] FIG. 8 shows another routing method illustrating interactions between network nodes in a communication system shown in FIG. 3;
[0067] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0068] FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing network nodes in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0069] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only for the purpose of enabling those skilled persons in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than suggesting any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment of the present disclosure. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the present disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the present disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0070] Now referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 10, embodiments of the present disclosure will be introduced.
[0071] As shown in FIG. 2, a first communication system 100 may include at least one of:
[0072] -a first network node 10 which may implement an access and mobility management function and in a visited network of a terminal device 90;
[0073] -a second network node 20 in a first network which may implement an access and mobility management function, a session management function or a policy control function, optionally may implement a network function consumer to access service provided by a network function producer in a third network, and in some embodiments may implement an old network function in a visited network of a terminal device 90 during a network function change, such as a V-SMF change;
[0074] -a third network node 30 which may implement a network repository function in the first network;
[0075] -a fourth network node 40 which may implement a network repository function in a home network of a terminal device 90;
[0076] -a fifth network node 50 which may implement a network repository function in the third network;
[0077] -a sixth network node 60 in the third network;
[0078] -a seventh network node 70 which may implement a new network function in a visited network of the terminal device 90 during a network function change, such as a V-SMF change.
[0079] In the communication system 100, the third network can be a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device 90, the first network can be a visited network of the terminal device 90, the second network node 20 may implement a network function consumer in the visited network of the terminal device 90 to request service provided by the sixth network node 60 implementing a network function producer in the target core network. Or the first network can be a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device 90, the third network can be a visited network of the terminal device 90, the second network node 20 may implement a network function consumer in the target core network of the terminal device 90 to request service provided by the sixth network node 60 implementing a network function producer in the visited network of the terminal device 90.
[0080] The operations by the network nodes in the first communication system 100 can be referred to FIG. 5 to FIG. 7 and corresponding description.
[0081] As shown in FIG. 3, a second communication system 200 may include at least one of:
[0082] -an eleventh network node 11 which may implement a network function producer;
[0083] -a twelfth network node 12 which may implement a network repository function; and
[0084] -a thirteenth network node 13 which may implement a network function consumer.
[0085] The operations by the network nodes in the second communication system 200 can be referred to FIG. 8 and corresponding description.
[0086] The first communication system 100 and the second communication system 200 can be a 5G system as shown in FIG. 4. In a 5G system, NFs and NF services can communicate directly, referred to as Direct Communication, or indirectly via a SCP, referred to as Indirect Communication. An NF can be an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , a Data Network (DN) , a Network Exposure Function (NEF) , a Policy Control Function (PCF) , a Session Management Function (SMF) , a Unified Data Management (UDM) , a Unified Data Repository (UDR) , a User Plane Function (UPF) , an Application Function (AF) , a (Radio) Access Network ( (R) AN) , a (Network Data Analytics Function) NWDAF, a CHarging Function (CHF) , etc. The 5G system architecture may contain following service-based interfaces: Namf, Nsmf, Nnef, Npcf, Nudm, Naf, Nudr, Nchf, Nadrf, Naanf, Nmbsmf, Nbsp, Nupf, etc. The 5G system architecture may also contain reference points N1, N2, N3, N4, N6, N9, etc.
[0087] The first communication system 100 and the second communication system 200 can also be a fourth Generation (4G) system, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) system or a sixth generation (6G) system or any evolved system in the future which a subscription-based routing to a target core network is applied to.
[0088] A network node in the present disclosure can be implemented either on a dedicated hardware, or as a software instance running on a dedicated hardware, or as a virtualized function instantiated on an appropriate platform, e.g. on a cloud infrastructure.
[0089] Now referring to FIG. 5A AND FIG. 5B, a first routing method 300 illustrating interactions between network nodes in the communication system 100 is introduced.
[0090] For better understanding, AMF, V-SMF, V-NRF, H-NRF, P-NRF and H-SMF are shown as examples for an exemplary case in which a V-SMF as an NFc in a VPLMN requests service provided by an H-SMF as an NFp in a target core network for the subscription-based routing. A terminal device 90 (e.g. a User Equipment (UE) ) may register in the communication system 200 from a visited network (e.g. VPLMN) and trigger a PDU Session Establishment procedure.
[0091] At block 301, the first network node 10 may send to the second network node 20 a first message related to the terminal device 90, the first message may include a first indicator indicating that the terminal device 90 is using subscription-based routing to a target core network.
[0092] Taking a PDU Session Establishment procedure as an example, the first message can be a Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext as defined in clause 4.3.2 in 3GPP TS 23.502 V19.1.0 and in clause 6.1.6.2.2 in 3GPP TS 29.502 V19.0.0. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, an attribute “srtcnInd” can be added in the SmContextCreateData as shown in Table. 1. The blank lines filled with “…” stand for some attributes omitted, the attributes can be referred to clause 6.1.6.2.2 in 3GPP TS 29.502 V19.0.0.TS 29.5026.1.6.2.2 Type: SmContextCreateData Table. 1
[0093] In some embodiments, the first message may further include a second indicator indicating that an authorization is required for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in a third network. For example, the second indicator can be “anchorSmfOauth2Required” in SmContextCreateData.
[0094] In some embodiments, the first message may further include Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) of the terminal device 90.
[0095] After receiving the first message from the first network node 10, at block 302, the second network node 20 may based on the first indicator determine that the terminal device 90 uses subscription-based routing to a target network, may based on the second indicator determine that an authorization is required for accessing a network function’s service in the third network. The second network node 20 may obtain from the SUPI an identifier of the second network and obtain the identifier of the target core network from DNN received in Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext from the first network node 10.
[0096] Alternatively, at block 302’ , if the target core network’s identifier is different from the home network’s identifier, the second network node 20 may determine that the terminal device is using subscription-based routing to a target core network.
[0097] Alternatively, at block 302”, the second network 20 may also derive the identifier of the target core network from DNN received in Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext from the first network node 10, and derive the identifier of the home network of the terminal device 90 from SUPI received in the Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext from the first network node 10.
[0098] At block 303, the second network node 20 may send to the third network node 30 a first request to get an access token for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network, wherein the first request may include at least one of:
[0099] -an identifier of the first network as a requester network;
[0100] -an identifier of the third network as a target network; and
[0101] -the identifier of the second network.
[0102] For example, the first request can be an Nnrf_Access Token_Get Request as defined in clause 6.3.5.2.2 in 3GPP TS 29.510 V19.0.0. the identifier of the second network can be the attribute “homePlmn” in Table. 2, which can be added based on current 3GPP TS V19.0.0. the identifier of the first network can be carried in attribute “requesterPlmn” or “requesterPlmnList” in the AccessTokenReq, and the identifier of the third network can be carried in attribute “targetPlmn” in the AccessTokenReq. In Table. 2, the blank lines filled with “…” stand for some attributes omitted, the attributes can be referred to clause 6.1.6.2.2 in 3GPP TS 29.510 V19.0.0.TS 29.5106.3.5.2.2 Type: AccessTokenReq Table. 2
[0103] After receiving the first request from the second network node 20, the third network node 30 may at block 304 obtain the identifier of the second network from the first request.
[0104] At block 305, the third network node 30 may derive an address of the second network based on the identifier of the second network. For example, the address of the second network can be a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) .
[0105] At block 306, the third network node 30 may send to a fourth network node in the second network a third request to get an access token for the authorization for accessing a network function’s service in the third network. For example the third network node 30 may send to the derived FQDN at block 305. The third request may include at least one of:
[0106] -the identifier of the first network as a requester network;
[0107] -the identifier of the third network as a target network; and
[0108] -the identifier of the second network.
[0109] One example of the third request can be referred to Table. 2, having similar structure and content with the first request.
[0110] At block 307, after receiving the third request from the third network node 30, the fourth network node 40 may validate that the first network is allowed to access a network function’s service in the third network based on the agreement between the first network and the second network, and the agreement between the second network and the third network.
[0111] At block 308, the fourth network node 40 may sending to the fifth network node 50, a fourth request to get the access token. The fourth request may include at least one of:
[0112] -the identifier of the first network as a requester network;
[0113] -the identifier of the third network as a target network;
[0114] -the identifier of the second network; and
[0115] -a third indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network.
[0116] For the second network has validated the first network can access the third network’s service, the fourth network node 40 can indicate with the third indicator the fifth network node 50 in the third network to skip authorization towards the first network.
[0117] After receiving the fourth request and with the third indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network, the fifth network node 50 may at block 309 skip the authorization towards the first network as indicated by the third indicator.
[0118] At block 310, the fifth network node 50 may generate the access token including at least one of:
[0119] -the identifier of the first network as a requester network;
[0120] -the identifier of the third network as a target network;
[0121] -the identifier of the second network; and
[0122] -the third indicator.
[0123] At block 311, the fifth network node 50 may send to the fourth network node 40 a fourth response including the access token.
[0124] After receiving the fourth response, at block 312, the fourth network node 40 may send to the third network node 30 a third response including the access token.
[0125] After receiving the third response, at block 313, the third network node 30 may send to the second network node 20 a first response including the access token.
[0126] After receiving the first response, at block 314, the second network node 20 may obtain the access token from the first response.
[0127] At block 315, the second network node 20 may send to the sixth network node 60 a second request to access service provided by a network function implemented by the sixth network node 60, wherein the second request includes the access token.
[0128] After receiving the second request from the second network node 20, at block 316, the sixth network node 60 may obtain the access token from the second request; and at block 317, besides the verification of the claims in the access token specified in 3GPP TS 33.501 V19.0.0, the NF producer may also determine, based on the third indicator and / or the identifier of the second network, that the authorization towards the first network is validated by the second network.
[0129] Taking an example, at blocks 311 to 316 the access token may have the structure and contents shown in Table. 2. The attribute “consumerPlmnId” can be the identifier of the first network, the attribute “producerPlmnId” can the identifier of the third network, the attribute “homeplmn” can be the identifier of the second network, and the attribute “plmnAssertedInd” can be the third indicator. The attributes “homeplmn” and “plmnAssertedInd” are added for the present disclosure based on the TS 29.510 V19.0.0. The blank lines filled with “…” stand for some attributes omitted, the attributes can be referred to clause 6.3.5.2.4 in 3GPP TS 29.510 V19.0.0.TS 29.5106.3.5.2.4 Type: AccessTokenClaimsTable 6.3.5.2.4-1: Definition of type AccessTokenClaims Table. 3
[0130] There are two options for the implementation of the second network node 20. For the first option, the second network node 20 may implement a session management function or a policy control function, receiving from the first network node 10 the first indicator indicating that the terminal device 90 is using a subscription-based routing to a target core network. For the second option, the second network node 20 may implement a session management function, a policy control function, or an access and mobility management function, determining at block 302’ that the terminal device 90 is using subscription-based routing to a target core network without indicating by the first network node 10, and determining at block 302” the identifier of the first network and the identifier of the second network.
[0131] Now referring to FIG. 6, a second routing method 400 illustrating interactions between the network nodes in the communication system 200 is introduced.
[0132] For better understanding, AMF, old V-SMF and H-SMF are shown as examples for an exemplary case in which a V-SMF as an NFc in a VPLMN requests service provided by an H-SMF as an NFp in a target core network for the subscription-based routing. SMF change happens during the procedure.
[0133] At block 401, the seventh network node 70 may receive from the first network node 10 in the first network and implementing an access and mobility management function, a second message including a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) of the terminal device 90.
[0134] At block 402, the second network node 20 may send to the seventh network node 70, a first message related to a terminal device 90. The first message may include a first indicator indicating that the terminal device 90 is using subscription-based routing to a target core network. the first message may further include a second indicator indicating that an authorization is required for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network. The first message may further include a second indicator indicating that an authorization is required for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network.
[0135] For example, the first message can be a Nsmf_PDUSession_ContextRequest response as defined in clause 6.1.6.2.39 in 3GPP TS 29.502 V19.0.0 (shown in following Table. 4) . The first indicator can be the attribute “srtcnInd” added for the present disclosure based on the version V19.0.0. the second indicator can be the attribute “anchorSmfOauth2Required” . The blank lines filled with “…” stand for some attributes omitted, the attributes can be referred to clause 6.1.6.2.39 in 3GPP TS 29.502 V19.0.0.6.1.6.2.39 Type: SmContext Table. 4
[0136] At block 403, the seventh network node 70 may obtain from the SUPI, an identifier of the second network.
[0137] At block 404, the seventh network node 70 may send to the third network node 30 a first request to get an access token for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network, wherein the first request may include at least one of:
[0138] -an identifier of the first network as a requester network;
[0139] -an identifier of the third network as a target network; and
[0140] -the identifier of the second network.
[0141] More details for block 404 can be referred to block 303.
[0142] The access token can be got with the similar procedure with the method 300, from blocks 304 to 314.
[0143] At block 405 (similar to block 313) , the seventh network node 70 may receive from the third network node 30 a first response to the first request, wherein the first response may include an access token for the authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network and the access token many include at least one of:
[0144] -the identifier of the first network as a requester network;
[0145] -an identifier of the third network as a target network;
[0146] -the identifier of the second network;
[0147] -a third indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network.
[0148] At block 406, the seventh network node 70 can obtain the access token from the first response.
[0149] At block 407, the seventh network node 70 may send to a sixth network node 60 in the third network, a second request to access service provided by a network function implemented by the sixth network node 60, wherein the second request may include the access token.
[0150] In the second routing method 400, the second network function 20 and the seventh network node 70 can for example implement a session management function, an access and mobility management function or a policy control function.
[0151] Now referring to FIG. 7, a third routing method 500 illustrating interactions between network nodes in the communication system 100 is introduced.
[0152] For better understanding, V-NRF, H-NRF and P-NRF are shown as examples for an exemplary discovery procedure.
[0153] At block 501, the fourth network node 40 may receive from the third network node 30 a first discovery request for a network function producer in a third network to provide service to the terminal device 90.
[0154] At block 502, the fourth network node 40 may determine that the terminal device 90 is using subscription-based routing to a target core network.
[0155] As defined in clause 4.2.3 in 3GPP TS 23.501 V19.1.0, for subscription-based routing to a particular core network, the NRF of the HPLMN, with optional support of the NRF in that target PLMN is responsible to provide proper network function instance information during network function discovery and selection. So if the V-NRF receives a service discovery request for an SMF where the query parameter DNN contains an Operator Identifier set to a PLMN Id other than its PLMN Id, the NRF may further query another appropriate NRF, such as the P-NRF in the target PLMN, and determines that the terminal device is using subscription-based routing to a target PLMN.
[0156] At block 503, the fourth network node 40 may send to a fifth network node 50 a second discovery request to discover the network function producer in the third network, wherein the second discovery request may include an indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network.
[0157] The indicator can be a query parameter used during a NF discovery procedure as shown in Table. 5. The query parameter “plmn-asserted-Ind” indicates the network node implementing a network repository to skip authorization towards a requester network (where an NFc resides) to access a target network (where an NFp resides) ’s service. The attributed can be added in clause 6.2.3.2.3.2 in 3GPP TS 29.510 V19.0.0.6.2.3.2.3.1 GET Table. 5
[0158] At block 504, after receiving the second discovery request, the fifth network node 50 may based on the indicator skip authorization towards the first network.
[0159] In the third routing method 500, the second network may be a home network of the terminal device 90. The first network may be a visited network of the terminal device 90, the third network may be a target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device 90. Or the first network may be a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device 90, the third network may be a visited network of the terminal device 90.
[0160] Now referring to FIG. 8, a fourth routing method 600 illustrating interactions between network nodes in the communication system 200 is introduced.
[0161] For better understanding, NF producer, NRF, and NF consumer are shown as examples for an exemplary case in which feature negotiation is executed.
[0162] At block 601, the eleventh network node 11 (as an NF producer) , may send to the twelfth network node 12 implementing network repository function, a registration request to register a network function profile of the eleventh network node 11 in the twelfth network node 12, wherein the NF profile of the eleventh network node 11 includes an eleventh indicator indicating that the eleventh network node 11 supports subscription-based routing to a target core network.
[0163] After receiving the registration request from the eleventh network node 11, at block 602, the twelfth network node 12 may register the network function profile of the eleventh network node 11.
[0164] At block 603, the thirteenth network node 13 may send to the twelfth network node 12 a discovery request to discover a network function supporting subscription-based routing to a target core network. According to whether the discover request includes a query parameter indicating a supported feature subscription-based routing to a target core network, there are two options:
[0165] Option 1. the discovery request includes the query parameter indicating the supported feature.
[0166] Option 2. the discovery request does not include the query parameter indicating the supported feature.
[0167] For option 1, the twelfth network node 12 may search for the NF producer which supports the feature subscription-based routing to a target core network, and at block 604, sends to the thirteenth network node 13 a discovery response including at least one network function profile, each of which corresponds to a network function producer supports the feature.
[0168] For option 2, the twelfth network node 12 will not use the feature as a filter to find an NF producer, it may based on other filters find at least one NF producer and send to the thirteenth network node 13, at block 604, the founded NF profile (s) . The thirteenth network node 13 may based on the received NF profiles find an NF producer supporting the feature subscription-based routing to a target core network.
[0169] Optionally, the eleventh network node 11 may implement a session management function in a visited network of a terminal device, the twelfth network node 12 may implement a network repository function in the visited network of the terminal device. Or the eleventh network node 11 may implement a policy control function in a visited network of a terminal device, and the twelfth network node 12 may implement a network repository function in the visited network of the terminal device. The thirteenth network node 13 may implement a network repository function in a visited network of a terminal device or a target network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device.
[0170] When the eleventh network node 11 implements a session management function, in the present disclosure, following update can be introduced in clause 6.1.8 in 3GPP TS 29.502 V19.0.0. as shown in Table. 6. The eleventh indicator can be the Feature “SRTCN” in Table. 5. Also the feature “SRTCN” can be used as a query parameter in discovery request.6.1.8 Feature Negotiation Table. 6
[0171] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a network node implementing P-NRF may let a network node implementing an H-NRF know the P-NRF supports the feature via the Nnrf_Bootstrapping Service API. Following update can be introduced in clause 6.2.9 in 3GPP TS 29.510 V19.0.0 as shown in Table. 7.6.2.9 Features supported by the NFDiscovery service Table. 7
[0172] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a network node implementing P-NRF may let a network node implementing an H-NRF know the P-NRF supports the feature discovery procedure. A new clause 6.3.8 can be added into 3GPP TS 29.510 V19.0.0 as shown in Table. 8.6.3.8 Type: Feature Negotiation Table. 8
[0173] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0174] 0. The H-SMF registers its NF Profile into the P-NRF, which includes the oauthRequired with value “true” . The V-SMF registers its NF Profile into the V-NRF as well, and indicating it supports the feature subscription-based routing to a target core network.
[0175] 1. The UE registers the 5G from the VPLMN, and the target PLMN information is included in the SmfSelectionSubscriptionData from the UDM.
[0176] PDU Session Establishment procedure is triggered by the UE.
[0177] 2. The UE sends the PDU Session Establishment request to the AMF.
[0178] 3. The AMF performs the V-SMF discovery and selection. Due to the UE is using RVAS, i.e. the feature subscription-based routing to a target core network, so the AMF also select a V-SMF supporting this feature.
[0179] The AMF also performs the H-SMF Discovery and Selection.
[0180] 4. The AMF sends a Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request request to the V-NRF, which includes the target PLMN (i.e. HPLMN ID) , DNN, and other information.
[0181] 5. The V-NRF derives H-NRF with the target PLMN information in the Discovery request, and forwards the request to the H-NRF.
[0182] 6. The H-NRF finds the Operator Identity of DNN is another PLMN, so the H-NRF forwards this request to the P-NRF in the target PLMN, as described in TS 29.510. Additionally, the H-NRF will indicate the P-NRF to skip the authorization for the requester PLMN information, because it is performed by the H-NRF.
[0183] 7. The P-NRF returns the H-SMF profile to the H-NRF.
[0184] 8. The H-NRF forwards the response to the V-NRF.
[0185] 9. The V-NRF forwards the response to the AMF.
[0186] 10. The AMF sends the Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext request to the V-SMF selected in the Step 3 including the H-SMF information (e.g. anchorSmfOauth2Required) and srtcnInd indicating this PDU Session is applying the feature subscription-based routing to a target core network.
[0187] 11. Steps 3b-5b of Figure 4.3.2.2.2-1 in TS 23.502 V19.1.0.
[0188] Access Token Retrieval is triggered by the V-SMF because the H-SMF requires it.
[0189] 12. The V-SMF sends the Nnrf_AccessToken_Get request to the V-NRF including the requesterPlmn, targetPlmn and homePlmn. In current TS 29.510 V19.0.0, only requesterPlmn and targetPlmn are defined, the targetPlmn is filled with identifier of home plmn of a UE. In the present disclosure, a new attribute homePlmn is added to carry the identifier of the home plmn of the UE, and the targetPlmn is used to carry the identifier of a target plmn where the NFp resides. Alternatively, the Nnrf_AccessToken_Get request to the V-NRF may include the requesterPlmn, targetPlmn and additionalPlmn (which is new added) , the requesterPlmn carries the identifier of a requester PLMN where an NFc resides, the targetPlmn carries the identifier of the H-PLMN of the UE and the addtionalPlmn can carrier the identifier of the target PLMN where the NFp resides. Other attributes in the Nnrf_AccessToken_Get request can be referred to clause 6.3.5.2.2 in 3GPP TS 29.510 V19.0.0.
[0190] 13. The V-NRF derives the HPLMN from the homePlmn to find the H-NRF and forwards the access token request to the H-NRF.
[0191] 14. The H-NRF forwards the access token request to the P-NRF by additionally including the indication that the P-NRF shall skip the authorization for the requester PLMN attribute.
[0192] 15. The P-NRF generates the access token, which including the consumerPlmnId claim to the H-NRF. Besides the consumerPlmnId, the access token may include other claims as defined in clause 6.3.5.2.4 in 3GPP TS 29.510 V19.0.0.
[0193] 16. The H-NRF forwards the response to the V-NRF.
[0194] 17. The V-SMF forwards the response to the V-SMF.
[0195] 18. The V-SMF sends the Nsmf_PDUSession_Create request to the H-SMF by including the access token retrieved.
[0196] 19. Steps 7-24 of Figure 4.3.2.2.2-1 in TS 23.502 V19.1.0.
[0197] FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a network node according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The block diagram can be applicable to any of the above mentioned network nodes, to execute the method mentioned above by the corresponding network node.
[0198] As shown in FIG. 9, the network node can include processing circuitry 101, a memory 102 that stores instructions, and optionally a communication interface 103 for communicating data with other network nodes.
[0199] The instructions when executed by the processing circuitry 101, enable the network node to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed above. That is, the embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented at least in part by computer software executable by the at least one processor 101, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0200] The memory 102 can be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and can be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, flash memories, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memories and removable memories. The processing circuitry 101 can be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and can include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multi-core processor architectures, as non-limiting examples.
[0201] Other network nodes are also provided in the present disclosure, which can be part of whole of any the above mentioned network nodes, each including modules to perform the method mentioned above by the corresponding network node.
[0202] In general, the various exemplary embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0203] As such, it should be appreciated that at least some aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced in various components such as integrated circuit chips and modules. It should thus be appreciated that the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be realized in an apparatus that is embodied as an integrated circuit, where the integrated circuit may comprise circuitry (as well as possibly firmware) for embodying at least one or more of a data processor, a digital signal processor, baseband circuitry and radio frequency circuitry that are configurable so as to operate in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
[0204] It should be appreciated that at least some aspects of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure may be embodied in computer-executable instructions, such as in one or more program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types when executed by a processor in a computer or other device. The computer executable instructions may be stored on a computer readable medium such as a hard disk, optical disk, removable storage media, solid state memory, RAM, etc. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the function of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. In addition, the function may be embodied in whole or in part in firmware or hardware equivalents such as integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) , and the like.
[0205] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment” , “an embodiment” and so on, indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0206] It should be understood that, although the terms “first” , “second” and so on may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms.
[0207] As used herein, the phrase “at least one of A and B” or “at least one of A or B” should be understood to mean “only A, only B, or both A and B. ” The phrase “A and / or B” should be understood to mean “only A, only B, or both A and B” .
[0208] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. The terms “connect” , “connects” , “connecting” and / or “connected” used herein cover the direct and / or indirect connection between two elements. It should be noted that two blocks shown in succession in the above figures may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
[0209] The present disclosure includes any novel feature or combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or any generalization thereof. Various modifications and adaptations to the foregoing exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, any and all modifications will still fall within the scope of the non-Limiting and exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
[0210] Following is an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the underlined parts are new added description in comparison to the latest version of 3GPP TS 29.502 V19.0.0. 6.1.6.2.2 Type: SmContextCreateDataTable 6.1.6.2.2-1: Definition of type SmContextCreateData 6.1.6.2.39 Type: SmContextTable 6.1.6.2.39-1: Definition of type SmContext Table 6.1.8-1: Features of supportedFeatures attribute used by Nsmf_PDUSession service
[0211] Following is an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, in which the underlined parts are new added description in comparison to the latest version of 3GPP TS 29.510 V19.0.0. Table 6.2.3.2.3.1-1: URI query parameters supported by the GET method on this resource Table 6.2.9-1: Features of supportedFeatures attribute used by Nnrf_NFDiscovery service 6.3.5.2.2 Type: AccessTokenReqTable 6.3.5.2.2-1: Definition of type AccessTokenReq 6.3.5.2.4 Type: AccessTokenClaimsTable 6.3.5.2.4-1: Definition of type AccessTokenClaims
Claims
1.A routing method (300) performed by a first network node (10) in a first network and implementing an access and mobility management function, comprising:- sending (301) , to a second network node (20) in the first network, a first message related to a terminal device (90) ,- wherein the first message comprises a first indicator indicating that the terminal device (90) is using subscription-based routing to a target core network, the first network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) .2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the first message further comprises a second indicator indicating that an authorization is required for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in a third network, wherein the third network is the target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device (90) .3.The method according to claim 2, wherein the first request message further comprises a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) of the terminal device (90) , wherein from the SUPI an identifier of a second network can be obtained, wherein the second network is a home network of the terminal device (90) .4.The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second network node (20) implements a session management function or a policy control function.5.A routing method (300) performed by a second network node (20) in a first network, comprising:- receiving (301) , from a first network node (20) in the first network and implementing an access and mobility management function, a first message related to a terminal device (90) ,- wherein the first message comprises a first indicator indicating that the terminal device (90) is using subscription-based routing to a target core network, the first network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) .6.The method according to claim 5, wherein the first message further comprises a second indicator indicating that an authorization is required for accessing a network function’s service in a third network, wherein the third network is the target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device (90) .7.The method according to claim 6, wherein the first message further comprises a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) of the terminal device (90) , and the method further comprises:- obtaining (302) , from the SUPI, an identifier of a second network, wherein the second network is a home network of the terminal device (90) ;- sending (303) , to a third network node (30) in the first network and implementing a network repository function, a first request to get an access token for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network,- wherein the first request comprises at least one of:- an identifier of the first network as a requester network;- an identifier of the third network as a target network; and- the identifier of the second network.8.The method according to claim 7, further comprising:- receiving (313) , from the third network node (30) , a first response to the first request, wherein the first response comprises an access token for the authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network;- wherein the access token comprises at least one of:- the identifier of the first network as a consumer network;- the identifier of the third network as a producer network;- the identifier of the second network;- a third indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network.9.The method according to any of claims 5 to 8, after receiving the first response, further comprising:- obtaining (314) the access token from the first response;- sending (315) , to a sixth network node (60) in the third network, a second request to access service provided by a network function implemented by the sixth network node (60) , wherein the second request comprises the access token.10.The method according to any of claims 5 to 9, wherein the second network node (20) implements a session management function or a policy control function.11.A routing method (400) performed by a second network node (20) in a first network, comprising:- sending (303) , to a third network node (30) in the first network and implementing a network repository function, a first request to get an access token for an authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in a third network,- wherein the third network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device (90) , the first network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) ; or the first network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device (90) , the third network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) ;- wherein the first request comprises at least one of:- an identifier of the first network as a requester network;- an identifier of the third network as a target network; and- an identifier of a second network, wherein the second network is a home network of the terminal device (90) .12.The method according to claim 11, before sending (303) the first request, further comprising:- determining (302’ ) that the terminal device (90) is using subscription-based routing to the third network as a target core network.13.The method according to claim 11 or 12, before sending the first request, further comprising:- determining (302” ) the identifier of the third network and the identifier of the second network.14.The method according to any of claims 11 to 13, further comprising:- receiving (313) , from the third network node (30) , a first response to the first request, wherein the first response comprises an access token for the authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network,- wherein the access token comprises at least one of:- the identifier of the first network as a consumer network;- the identifier of the third network as a producer network;- the identifier of the second network;- a third indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network.15.The method according to any of claims 11 to 14, after receiving the first response, further comprising:- obtaining (314) the access token from the first response;- sending (315) , to a sixth network node (60) in the third network, a second request to access service provided by a network function implemented by the sixth network node (60) , wherein the second request comprises the access token.16.The method according to any of claims 11 to 15, wherein the second network node (20) implements a session management function, a policy control function, or an access and mobility management function.17.A routing method performed by a third network node (30) in a first network and implementing a network repository function, comprising:- receiving (303) , from a second network node (20) in the first network, a first request to get an access token for an authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in a third network,- wherein the third network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device (90) , the first network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) , or the first network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device (90) , the third network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) ;- the first request comprises at least one of:- an identifier of the first network as a requester network;- an identifier of the third network as a target network; and- an identifier of a second network, wherein the second network is a home network of the terminal device (90) .18.The method according to claim 17, further comprising:- sending (306) , to a fourth network node (40) in the second network and implementing a network repository function, a third request to get an access token for the authorization for accessing a network function’s service in the third network,- wherein the third request comprises at least one of:- the identifier of the first network as a requester network;- the identifier of the third network as a target network; and- the identifier of the second network.19.The method according to claim 18, before sending (304) the third request, further comprising:- obtaining (304) the identifier of the second network from the first request;- deriving (305) an address of the second network based on the identifier of the second network;- wherein sending (306) the third request comprises: sending (306) the third request to the fourth network node (40) according to the address of the second network.20.The method according to any of claims 17 to 19, further comprising:- receiving (312) , from the fourth network node (40) , a third response to the third request,- wherein the third response comprises an access token for the authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network,- wherein the access token comprises at least one of:- an identifier of the first network as a consumer network;- the identifier of the third network as a producer network;- an identifier of the second network; and- a third indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network.21.The method according to claim 20, further comprising:- sending (313) , to the second network node (20) , a first response to the first request,- wherein the first response comprises the access token.22.The method according to any of claims 17 to 21, wherein the second network node (20) implements a session management function, a policy control function or an access and mobility management function.23.A routing method performed by a fourth network node (40) in a second network and implementing a network repository function, comprising:- receiving (306) , from a third network node (30) in a first network and implementing a network repository function, a third request to get an access token for an authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network,- the second network is a home network of the terminal device (90) ;- wherein the first network is a visited network of a terminal device (90) , the third network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device (90) , or the first network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device (90) , the third network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) ;- the third request comprises at least one of:- an identifier of the first network as a requester network;- an identifier of the third network as a target network; and- an identifier of the second network.24.The method according to claim 23, further comprising:- sending (308) , to a fifth network node (50) in the third network and implementing a network repository function, a fourth request to get the access token,- wherein the fourth request comprises at least one of:- the identifier of the first network as a consumer network;- the identifier of the third network as a producer network;- the identifier of the second network; and- a third indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network.25.The method according to claim 24, after receiving (306) the third request and before sending (308) the fourth request, further comprising:- validating (307) that the first network is allowed to access a network function’s ervice in the third network.26.The method according to claim 24 or 25, further comprising:- receiving (311) , from the fifth network node (50) , a fourth response to the fourth request,- wherein the fourth response comprises an access token for the authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network;- wherein the access token comprises at least one of:- the identifier of the first network as a consumer network;- the identifier of the third network as a producer network;- the identifier of the second network; and- a third indicator indicating that the third network skips authorization towards the first network.27.The method according to claim 26, further comprising:- sending (312) , to the third network node (30) , a third response to the third request,- wherein the third response comprises the access token.28.A routing method performed by a fifth network node (50) in a third network and implementing a network repository function, comprising:- receiving (308) , from a fourth network node (40) in a second network and implementing a network repository function, a fourth request to get an access token for an authorization for a first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network,- wherein the second network is a home network of the terminal device (90) ;- wherein the first network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) , the third network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device (90) ; or the first network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device (90) , the third network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) ;- wherein the fourth request comprises at least one of:- an identifier of the first network as a requester network;- an identifier of the third network as a target network;- an identifier of the second network; and- a third indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network.29.The method of claim 28, further comprising:- skipping (309) the authorization towards the first network as indicated by the third indicator;- generating (310) the access token comprising at least one of:- the identifier of the first network as a consumer network;- the identifier of the third network as a producer network;- the identifier of the second network; and- the third indicator;- sending (311) , to the fourth network node (40) , a fourth response to the fourth request, wherein the fourth response comprises the access token.30.A routing method performed by a sixth network node (60) in a third network, comprising:- receiving (315) , from a second network node (20) in a first network, a second request to accessa network function’s service in the third network for a terminal device (90) ,- wherein the second request comprises an access token for an authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network, and the access token comprises at least one of:- an identifier of the first network as a consumer network;- an identifier of the third network as a producer network- an identifier of a second network;- a third indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network;- wherein the second network is a home network of the terminal device (90) ;- wherein the first network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) , the third network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device (90) ; or the first network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device (90) , the third network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) .31.The method according to claim 30, further comprising:- obtaining (316) the access token from the second request;- determining (317) , based on the third indicator and / or the identifier of the second network, that the authorization towards the first network is validated by the second network.32.A routing method (400) performed by a second network node (20) in a first network, comprising:- sending (402) , to a seventh network node (70) in the first network, a first message related to a terminal device (90) ,- wherein the first message comprises a first indicator indicating that the terminal device (90) is using subscription-based routing to a target core network, the first network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) , the second network node (20) implements an old network function for the terminal device (90) and the seventh network node (70) implements a new and same type of network function with the second network node (20) for the terminal device (90) .33.The method according to claim 32, wherein the first message further comprises a second indicator indicating that an authorization is required for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in a third network, wherein the third network is the target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device (90) .34.The method according to claim 32 or 33, wherein the second network node (20) and the seventh network node (70) implement:- a session management function;- an access and mobility management function; or- a policy control function.35.A routing method (400) performed by a seventh network node (70) in a first network, comprising:- receiving (402) , from a second network node (20) in the first network, a first message related to a terminal device (90) ,- wherein the first message comprises a first indicator indicating that the terminal device (90) is using subscription-based routing to a target core network, the first network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) , the second network node (20) implements an old network function for the terminal device (90) and the seventh network node (70) implements a new and same type of network function with the second network node (20) for the terminal device (90) .36.The method according to claim 35, wherein the first message further comprises a second indicator indicating that an authorization is required for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in a third network, wherein the third network is the target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device (90) .37.The method according to claim 36, further comprising:- receiving (401) , from a first network node (10) in the first network and implementing an access and mobility management function, a second message comprising a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) of the terminal device (90) ;- obtaining (403) , from the SUPI, an identifier of a second network, wherein the second network is a home network of the terminal device (90) ;- sending (404) , to a third network node (30) in the first network and implementing a network repository function, a first request to get an access token for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network,- wherein the first request comprises at least one of:- an identifier of the first network as a requester network;- an identifier of the third network as a target network; and- the identifier of the second network.38.The method according to claim 37, further comprising:- receiving (405) , from the third network node (30) , a first response to the first request, wherein the first response comprises an access token for the authorization for the first network’s accessing a network function’s service in the third network;- wherein the access token comprises at least one of:- the identifier of the first network as a consumer network;- an identifier of the third network as a producer network;- the identifier of the second network;- a third indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network.39.The method according to any of claims 35 to 38, after receiving (405) the first response, further comprising:- obtaining (406) the access token from the first response;- sending (407) , to a sixth network node (60) in the third network, a second request to access service provided by a network function implemented by the sixth network node (60) , wherein the second request comprises the access token.40.The method according to any of claims 35 to 39, wherein the second network node (20) and the seventh network node (70) implement:- a session management function;- an access and mobility management function; or- a policy control function.41.A routing method (500) performed by a fourth network node (40) in a second network and implementing a network repository function, comprising:- receiving (501) , from a third network node (30) in a first network and implementing a network repository function, a first discovery request for a network function producer in a third network to provide service to a terminal device (90) ;- determining (502) that the terminal device (90) is using subscription-based routing to a target core network;- sending (503) , to a fifth network node (50) in the third network and implementing a network repository function, a second discovery request to discover the network function producer in the third network, wherein the second discovery request comprises an indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network;- wherein the second network is a home network of the terminal device (90) ;- wherein the first network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) , the third network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device (90) ; or the first network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device (90) , the third network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) .42.A routing method (500) performed by a fifth network node (50) in a third network and implementing a network repository function, comprising:- receiving (503) , from a fourth network node (40) in a second network and implementing a network repository function, a second discovery request to discover the network function producer in the third network, wherein the second discovery request comprises an indicator indicating that the third network skips the authorization towards the first network;- wherein the second network is a home network of the terminal device (90) ;- wherein the first network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) , the third network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for the terminal device (90) ; or the first network is a target core network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device (90) , the third network is a visited network of the terminal device (90) .43.The method according to claim 42, further comprising:- skipping (504) , based on the indicator, the authorization towards the first network.44.A routing method (600) performed by an eleventh network node (11) , comprising:- sending (601) , to a twelfth network node (12) implementing network repository function, a registration request to register a network function profile of the eleventh network node (11) in the twelfth network node (12) ;- wherein the NF profile of the eleventh network node (11) comprises an eleventh indicator indicating that the eleventh network node (11) supports subscription-based routing to a target core network.45.The method according to claim 44, wherein- the eleventh network node (11) implements a session management function in a visited network of a terminal device, and the twelfth network node (12) implements a network repository function in the visited network of the terminal device; or- the eleventh network node (11) implements a policy control function in a visited network of a terminal device, and the twelfth network node (12) implements a network repository function in the visited network of the terminal device.46.A routing method (600) performed by a thirteenth network node (13) , comprising:- sending (603) , to twelfth network node (12) implementing a network repository function, a discovery request to discover a network function supporting subscription-based routing to a target core network, wherein the discovery request comprises a query parameter including a supported feature to indicate supporting subscription-based routing to a target core network;- receiving (604) , from the twelfth node (12) , a discovery response to the discovery request, wherein the discovery response comprises at least one network function profile, wherein each network function profile corresponds to a network function supporting the subscription-based routing to a target core network.47.The method according to claim 46, wherein the thirteenth network node (13) implements a network repository function in a visited network of a terminal device or a target network for subscription-based routing for a terminal device.48.A routing method (600) performed by a twelfth network node (12) implementing a network repository function, comprising:- receiving (601) , from an eleventh network node (11) , a registration request to register a network function profile of the eleventh network node (11) in the twelfth network node (12) ;- registering (602) the network function profile of the eleventh network node (11) ;- wherein the NF profile of the eleventh network node (11) comprises an eleventh indicator indicating that the eleventh network node (11) supports subscription-based routing to a target core network.49.The method according to claim 48, further comprising:- receiving (603) , from a thirteenth network node (13) , a discovery request to discover a network function supporting subscription-based routing to a target core network, wherein the discovery request comprises a query parameter including a supported feature to indicate supporting subscription-based routing to a target core network;- sending (504) , to the thirteenth network node (13) , a discovery response to the discovery request, wherein the discovery response comprises the network function profile of the eleventh network node (11) .50.The method according to claim 48 or 49, wherein- the eleventh network node (11) implements a session management function in a visited network of a terminal device, and the twelfth network node (12) implements a network repository function in the visited network of the terminal device; or- the eleventh network node (11) implements a policy control function in a visited network of a terminal device, and the twelfth network node (12) implements a network repository function in the visited network of the terminal device.51.A network node, comprising:processing circuitry (101) ; anda memory (102) , the memory (102) containing instructions executable by the processing circuitry (101) , whereby the network node is operative to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 50.52.A first communication system (100) , comprising at least one of:- a first network node (10) according to any of claims 1 to 4;- a second network node (20) according to any of claims 5 to 16;- a third network node (30) according to any of claims 17 to 22 and 32 to 34;- a fourth network node (40) according to any of claims 23 to 27 and 41;- a fifth network node (50) according to any of claims 28 to 29, 42 and 43;- a sixth network node (60) according to any of claims 30 to 31; and- a seventh network node (70) according to any of claims 35 to 41.53.A second communication system (200) , comprising at least one of:- an eleventh network node (11) according to claim 44 or 45;- a twelfth network node (12) according to claim 46 or 47; and- a thirteenth network node (13) according to any of claims 48 to 50.54.A computer readable storage medium storing thereon instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the claims 1 to 50.55.A computer program product comprising instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of claims 1 to 50.