Jet pump unit and refrigerant circuit
The jet pump unit with parallel-connected pumps and a common actuator optimizes operation across varying conditions, enhancing efficiency by maintaining optimal performance and reducing mechanical complexity.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
Smart Images

Figure EP2025082404_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] R.419954-IP1
[0002] Description
[0003] title
[0004] Jet pump unit and refrigerant circuit
[0005] The present invention relates to a jet pump unit for conveying a suction fluid in a refrigerant circuit of a temperature control system and to a refrigerant circuit with such a jet pump.
[0006] Background of the invention
[0007] Jet pumps (also called ejectors or injectors, depending on their operating point – primarily evacuating or primarily compressing) can be used, for example, in refrigeration circuits of temperature control systems (e.g., to regulate the temperature of one or more components of a vehicle). An ejector has a primary flow and a secondary flow that mix within the ejector. The primary flow is forced through a nozzle at high pressure and exits at high velocity and therefore low pressure. The secondary flow starts at a significantly lower pressure than the primary flow but is also accelerated in a nozzle. The two flows mix, and the secondary flow is accelerated because the primary flow exits the nozzle at very high velocity and carries the secondary flow along with it (momentum is transferred from the primary to the secondary flow).In the case of a supersonic ejector, a compression pulse occurs at the end of the mixing tube, causing the pressure to rise again. In a subsequent diffuser, additional kinetic energy can be converted into pressure. In summary, the expansion of a high-pressure flow (primary flow) in an ejector can draw in a secondary flow at a lower pressure. With a correct design, the pressure exiting the ejector is higher than at the secondary inlet. R.419954-IP1.
[0008] - 2 -
[0009] Jet pumps typically have a relatively narrow range of operating points in which they can be operated efficiently.
[0010] For example, DE102025145904.5 discloses a jet pump for a refrigerant circuit of a vehicle.
[0011] Disclosure of the invention
[0012] According to the invention, a jet pump unit and a refrigerant circuit with the features of the independent claims are proposed. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims and the following description.
[0013] As already mentioned, efficient operation of jet pumps depends on them being operated close to their optimal operating point (with regard to motive fluid mass flow, pressure difference between motive fluid and suction fluid, etc.). By providing several separately switchable jet pumps in parallel, a more or less suitable number of jet pumps can be activated depending on the current operating conditions. The more jet pumps (each with a smaller individual capacity) are provided, the finer the gradation between different requirement scenarios can be. The invention now employs the measure of providing a jet pump unit with several jet pumps connected in parallel, at least one of which can be controlled with a variable operating point.This allows the "stages" between different operating states to be overcome, since, in addition to the "active" and "inactive" switching scenarios, a variable operating point is possible for at least one jet pump. This allows the remaining active jet pumps to be operated at or near their optimal operating point, thus increasing overall efficiency. This eliminates the need for the control and provisioning of a very large number of jet pumps without sacrificing efficient operation. R.419954-IP1.
[0014] - 3 -
[0015] Specifically, the jet pump unit according to the invention comprises at least two jet pumps connected in parallel, which are configured to pump a suction fluid in a refrigerant circuit of a temperature control system using a motive fluid and utilizing the Bernoulli effect. Each jet pump has at least one primary nozzle for accelerating the motive fluid, at least one secondary connection interface for supplying the suction fluid, a mixing tube downstream of the primary nozzle(s) and downstream of the secondary connection interface(s), and a diffuser downstream of the mixing tube. The jet pump unit has a common control mechanism configured to control one or all of the at least two jet pumps for pumping the suction fluid. The control mechanism is further configured to control at least one of the at least two jet pumps only partially, at least temporarily.Within the scope of this invention, this partial control is understood as being carried out in a targeted manner and maintained over a certain period of time, and does not merely represent a transient state.
[0016] According to at least one embodiment, a common pressure line is provided for supplying the motive fluid to the parallel-connected jet pumps, wherein the common actuating mechanism is configured for selectively opening and closing the common pressure line for individual or all of the parallel-connected jet pumps. Alternatively or additionally, a common suction line can be provided for supplying the suction fluid to the parallel-connected jet pumps, and the common actuating mechanism can be configured for selectively opening and closing the common suction line for individual or all of the parallel-connected jet pumps.Alternatively or additionally, a common outlet line can be provided for conveying the motive fluid and the suction fluid (i.e., the mixed fluid) from the parallel-connected jet pumps, and a common actuating mechanism can be configured to selectively open and close the common outlet line for individual or all of the parallel-connected jet pumps. The actuating mechanism is further configured to only partially open or only partially close the common (pressure and / or suction and / or outlet) line for at least one jet pump that can be controlled, at least temporarily, only partially. The common actuating mechanism (e.g., a piston, R.419954-IP1)
[0017] - 4 -
[0018] The system, which sequentially opens and closes several openings (each connected to a terminal interface of the parallel-connected jet pumps), enables control with minimal mechanical and regulatory effort. Conventionally, each of the parallel-connected jet pumps could be controlled by separate (e.g., electromechanical) valves. In contrast, this design allows the common actuating mechanism to be controlled by a single actuator. This actuator can be used for both active control (e.g., electromechanical actuation) and passive control, for example, using a thermomechanical element (e.g., thermal wax, bimetal, etc.), thus eliminating the need for any additional control components.
[0019] According to at least one embodiment, the actuating mechanism has a piston that is rotatable and / or linearly displaceable within a tube and / or bore, which is configured to selectively open and / or selectively close openings within a wall of the tube or bore, wherein each of the jet pumps is connected to at least one of the openings in the wall of the tube or bore.
[0020] In at least one embodiment, the piston is designed as a hollow cylinder and has at least one recess in a shell wall of the hollow cylinder, wherein the at least one recess is configured to at least partially align with the openings in the wall of the tube or bore, depending on the position of the piston. Alternatively, the piston can be designed as a cylinder and have at least one recess in a shell surface of the cylinder, wherein the at least one recess is configured to at least partially align with the openings in the wall of the tube or bore, depending on the position of the piston.
[0021] In particular, it may be provided that at least one recess or at least one depression is designed to simultaneously release one or more of the openings in the wall of the pipe or bore. Partial control of at least one jet pump is possible (R.419954-IP1).
[0022] - 5 -
[0023] This can be achieved, for example, by only partially opening or only partially closing one or more of the openings.
[0024] A refrigerant circuit according to the invention for a temperature control system comprises at least one jet pump unit according to the invention, a compressor for compressing a refrigerant, a refrigerant condenser for at least partially condensing the refrigerant downstream of the compressor, and a refrigerant evaporator for at least partially evaporating the refrigerant, wherein the jet pump unit is arranged such that the at least partially condensed refrigerant is supplied to it downstream of the refrigerant condenser as motive fluid and the at least partially evaporated refrigerant is supplied downstream of the refrigerant evaporator as suction fluid, and wherein an outlet of the jet pump unit opens into a liquid phase separator, which is configured to separate a liquid fraction from a gas fraction of the refrigerant, wherein the gas fraction is fed to the compressor on the suction side and the liquid fraction is fed to the refrigerant evaporator.
[0025] In particular, the jet pump unit or the refrigerant circuit according to the invention can be used in a temperature control system of a vehicle, for example, a vehicle that is at least partially electrically powered. The temperature control system can be used, in particular, for temperature control of the vehicle interior and / or the traction battery and / or the traction motor and / or other components of the vehicle. However, it should be emphasized that the invention is not limited to mobile applications, but can also be used in other application scenarios, for example, for temperature control (e.g., heating or cooling) and / or dehumidification of buildings (e.g., in a heat pump and / or air conditioning system for heating and / or cooling).In particular, the heating and / or cooling and / or dehumidification of the building is preferably carried out by a device, especially an HVAC system (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning system), preferably an air conditioner or a heat pump, which includes a jet pump unit or a refrigerant circuit according to the invention. The use of the inventive R.419954-IP1 is also possible.
[0026] - 6 -
[0027] Jet pump unit or of the refrigerant circuit according to the invention for heating drinking water, in particular in a hot water heat pump, is conceivable.
[0028] Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawing.
[0029] The invention is schematically illustrated in the drawing using exemplary embodiments and is described below with reference to the drawing.
[0030] Brief description of the drawings
[0031] Figure 1 shows a jet pump as it can be used according to at least one embodiment of the invention.
[0032] Figure 2 shows a refrigerant circuit according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0033] Figure 3 shows a first embodiment of a jet pump unit according to the invention.
[0034] Figures 4A and 4B show further variants, in particular of the actuating mechanism, of the first embodiment of a jet pump unit according to the invention shown in Figure 3.
[0035] Figure 5 shows a second embodiment of a jet pump unit according to the invention.
[0036] Figure 6 shows a further embodiment of an adjusting mechanism as it can be used in embodiments of the invention.
[0037] Embodiment(s) of the invention R.419954-IP1
[0038] - 7 -
[0039] Figure 1 shows a jet pump, as it can be used according to at least one embodiment of the invention, schematically shown by means of a longitudinal section drawing and labelled overall with 100.
[0040] The jet pump comprises a first connection interface 101 for supplying a propellant fluid to a primary nozzle 103 of the jet pump 100 and a second connection interface 102 for supplying a suction fluid to a mixing tube 104 of the jet pump 100, which is located downstream of the primary nozzle 103. In the example shown here, the primary nozzle 103 is designed as a supersonic nozzle, which accelerates the propellant fluid (given a suitable inlet pressure of the propellant fluid and a suitable pressure drop across the jet pump 100) to a velocity exceeding the relevant speed of sound. A region within the primary nozzle where the speed of sound is exceeded is marked with a dashed ellipse. This acceleration significantly reduces the pressure of the propellant fluid on its way through the primary nozzle 103 to the inlet of the mixing tube 104 (e.g., from approximately 30 bar to 2 bar).
[0041] If a suction fluid with a suitable inlet pressure, which is typically significantly lower than the inlet pressure of the propellant fluid (e.g., 2 bar), is present at the second connection interface 102, the suction fluid is accelerated by momentum transfer from the propellant fluid in the mixing tube 104 downstream of the primary nozzle 103 to the suction fluid. The propellant fluid is decelerated accordingly. Under optimal operating conditions, the propellant fluid thus falls below the speed of sound again in a final section 140 at an end of the mixing tube 104 furthest from the primary nozzle.
[0042] Downstream of the mixing tube 104, a diffuser 105 is connected in the form of a section widening in its cross-section, which serves to further decelerate and increase the pressure in the mixed fluid (also referred to as mixing fluid). For example, under the operating conditions mentioned above, an outlet pressure of 3 to 4 bar can be achieved at the outlet of the diffuser. R.419954-IP1
[0043] - 8 -
[0044] In particular, the jet pump 100 can be designed as a pipe ejector, the flow-shaping components 120 (also referred to as core 120) of which are installed in a pipe section as a housing or jacket 110.
[0045] Figure 2 shows a refrigerant circuit according to an embodiment of the invention schematically using a functional diagram and is labelled overall with 200.
[0046] The refrigerant circuit 200 comprises a compressor 210 for compressing a refrigerant, for example propane, CO2, or another suitable gas that can be at least partially condensed under the selected operating conditions, a refrigerant condenser 220, a jet pump unit 300 comprising several jet pumps 100 connected in parallel, which may be configured in particular as described with reference to Figure 1, a liquid phase separator 250, and a refrigerant evaporator 240 for transferring heat to the refrigerant. An expansion valve 245 for expanding the refrigerant is arranged upstream of the refrigerant evaporator 240.
[0047] The jet pump unit 300 can be designed in particular as shown in Figure 3 or 4.
[0048] As shown in Figure 2, the jet pump unit 300 is used in the refrigerant circuit 200 for pre-compression of the expanded refrigerant 242 exiting the refrigerant evaporator 240. The liquid phase of the compressed refrigerant 231 after exiting the refrigerant condenser 220 (and, in the example shown, a further heat exchanger 230, which is provided for transferring heat between the compressed refrigerant on the pressure side of the compressor and the refrigerant 253 supplied to the compressor on the suction side) is under high pressure and is directed as a motive fluid into the primary nozzle(s) 103 of the jet pump(s) 100 for acceleration and expansion. On the secondary side (connection interface 102), the expanded refrigerant 242 is drawn in as a suction fluid at the evaporator pressure level.The mixture 251 of propellant fluid and suction fluid pre-compressed by the jet pump unit 300 is directed into the liquid phase separator 250, whereby the liquid phase 252 separated there is then R.419954-IP1.
[0049] - 9 -
[0050] The refrigerant is routed through the expansion valve 245 to the refrigerant evaporator 240. The vapor fraction 253 of the refrigerant, separated in the liquid phase separator 250, is returned to the compressor 210 via the heat exchanger 230. Pre-compression by means of the jet pump unit 300 reduces the compression work required in the compressor 210.
[0051] Figures 3 to 6 show different versions of the actuating mechanisms for controlling the jet pump unit. Several positions of the same actuating mechanism are shown in each figure to illustrate the function of the different versions.
[0052] Figure 3 schematically illustrates a first embodiment of a jet pump unit according to the invention in a sectional drawing, and is designated 300 in its entirety. A first jet pump 100, which can be configured as explained with reference to Figure 1, is connected in parallel with, in the example shown, two further jet pumps 100, which can be configured identically to the first jet pump 100. In the example shown here, the jet pumps 100 are also arranged geometrically parallel to each other and lying in a common plane. However, other arrangements of the jet pumps 100 relative to each other are also possible within the scope of this invention.
[0053] The jet pump unit 300 has a common pressure line 310 for supplying the motive fluid to the parallel-connected jet pumps 100 and a common actuating mechanism 320 for selectively opening and closing the common pressure line 310 for individual or all of the parallel-connected jet pumps 100. The common pressure line 310 can, for example, be housed in a terminal block into which the pipe ejectors 100 can be soldered. Alternatively or additionally, a common suction line and / or a common discharge line can be provided, which can be opened or closed with the common actuating mechanism. These alternative configurations are not shown separately in the figure and are not described separately below. However, in such cases, the actuating mechanism can be designed analogously to that described here in R.419954-IP1.
[0054] - 10 -
[0055] The described configurations are only provided at a different location on the jet pump unit 300.
[0056] In the example shown here, the actuating mechanism 320 has a (hollow cylindrical) piston with an axial bore, which, in the closed position, blocks the inlet on the primary side to the jet pumps 100. The further the piston is pulled outwards, the more of the jet pumps 100 are released and supplied with motive fluid on the primary side. The motive fluid can be supplied, for example, through the bore. However, a solid piston can also be used, with the supply line connected laterally to the tube in which the piston is guided.
[0057] The common actuating mechanism 320, which can be actuated, for example, by means of an electromechanical actuator (not shown separately) or passively controlled (e.g., using a thermal wax that changes its spatial expansion with temperature, or a bimetallic strip), selectively activates the respective jet pumps 100, which then pump suction fluid from the second connection interface. In the example shown, this second interface is permanently supplied with suction fluid from a common suction line 330, for example, from the refrigerant evaporator 240 shown in Figure 2. The pre-compressed mixed flow at the outlet of the jet pumps 100 then mixes from all jet pumps 100.
[0058] The number of active jet pumps 100 is determined by the insertion depth of the piston of the actuating mechanism 320 into the common pressure line 310. As shown, partial activation of one of the jet pumps 100 is also possible, for example, by only partially releasing the primary nozzle of one of the jet pumps 100 with the piston of the actuating mechanism 320. This partial release is deliberately set and maintained for a certain period of time and is not merely a transient state.
[0059] In another variant 300A of the first embodiment of the jet pump unit, which is shown in Figure 4A, the actuating mechanism 320A comprises instead of R.419954-IP1
[0060] - 11 -
[0061] The piston, open at its end, is a hollow cylindrical piston with radial recesses 322 through which the motive fluid can exit the piston when these recesses 322 overlap or coincide with corresponding openings 312 to which the respective jet pumps 100 are connected. In this variant 300A as well, the piston must be moved translationally into the desired position to activate or deactivate the jet pumps 100. Depending on the arrangement and extent of the recesses 322, one or more of the jet pumps 100 can also be only partially activated by not completely aligning the overlap of the respective recess 322 with the corresponding opening 312, as shown in one of the examples.
[0062] Figure 4B also shows a third variant 320B for the actuating mechanism 320 of the first embodiment 300 of the jet pump unit. In this third variant, compared to the second variant 320A, the piston of the actuating mechanism 320B is not provided with circular recesses 322 to supply the openings 312 with the motive fluid, but with recesses (e.g., in the form of elongated slots) 324 oriented axially along the piston. These elongated slots or recesses 324 have, for example, a length that allows at least two of the openings 312 to be aligned with the same elongated slot or recess 324 simultaneously, so that one recess 324 can supply several jet pumps 100 at the same time. Thus, in this third variant as well, the piston of the actuating mechanism 320B is moved translationally in the axial direction to activate or deactivate the desired jet pumps 100.However, in contrast to the second variant, continuous adjustment of the piston is possible by means of the recesses 324 in the form of elongated holes, whereas in the second variant 300A, complete activation of the jet pumps 100 only occurs in discrete piston positions, namely precisely when the respective recesses 322 exactly coincide with the openings 312. In particular, the elongated holes 324 therefore also allow for greater tolerances with regard to the position of the piston. Partial activation of one or more of the jet pumps 100 is also possible in this variant, as in one of the positions shown for R.419954-IP1.
[0063] - 12 -
[0064] Actuating mechanism 320B is shown in that the elongated holes 324 only partially release or only partially close at least one of the openings 312.
[0065] Figure 5 shows a second embodiment of a jet pump unit according to the invention with jet pumps 100 connected in parallel, and is collectively designated as 400. The second jet pump unit 400 is essentially identical to the first jet pump unit 300, 300A, which was explained with reference to Figure 3, but differs from this first jet pump unit 300 in particular in that the actuating mechanism 420 of this second embodiment 400 has a piston with the axial bore, which is not moved translationally to select the various actuating options, but by a rotation about the piston axis.Analogous to the second and third variants of the first embodiment 300, 300A, the rotation of the piston causes recesses 422, 424 in the wall of the hollow cylinder forming the piston to align with the openings 312 in the wall of the common pressure line 310, thus activating the jet pumps 100 connected to the respective openings 312. Here, too, partial activation or control of one or more of the jet pumps 100 is provided by only partially opening or partially closing the respective opening 312 through the recess 422, 424.
[0066] The recesses 422, 424 can, for example, be designed as substantially circular bores 422 or as elongated holes 424 oriented in the circumferential direction of the piston, as shown in Fig. 5, whereby in the case of the elongated holes 424 a continuous adjustment is possible (which also allows a greater tolerance with regard to the angular position of the piston), while in the case of individual bores 422 only discrete rotation angles lead to a complete alignment between the respective recess 422 and the associated opening 312.
[0067] Figure 6 shows a further embodiment of the actuating mechanism, designated 520. The actuating mechanism 520 conceptually combines aspects of the actuating mechanism of the first embodiment 300A and the second embodiment 400 of the jet pump unit, as it can be operated both by means of R.419954-IP1
[0068] - 13 -
[0069] The jet pumps can be activated or deactivated by translational as well as by rotary movement. In the example shown, only a triangular recess 524 is provided, which extends axially and circumferentially across the wall of the piston such that, depending on the axial and / or rotary position of the piston, it supplies any one of the openings, several adjacent openings, or all openings simultaneously with the motive fluid, as shown schematically in Fig. 6. This design of the actuating mechanism 520 is particularly advantageous in cases where not all jet pumps of the jet pump unit have the same capacity, since the individual control of the individual jet pumps allows the combination of jet pumps best suited to the current performance requirement to be specifically controlled.For this purpose, recess shapes other than the triangular shape shown here can also be used to increase the number of possible combinations, for example, to activate jet pumps that are not adjacent to each other simultaneously without the jet pumps in between. Alternatively or additionally, as shown in an example, one or more of the recesses 312 can only be partially released in order to only partially control the associated jet pump^) 100, i.e., to supply it with a reduced mass flow of propellant fluid.
Claims
R.419954-IP1 - 14 - Claims 1. Jet pump unit (300, 400), comprising at least two jet pumps (100) connected in parallel to each other for pumping a suction fluid (242) in a refrigerant circuit (200) of a temperature control system using a motive fluid (231) utilizing the Bernoulli effect, wherein each jet pump (100) has at least one primary nozzle (103) for accelerating the propellant fluid, at least one secondary connection interface (102) for supplying the suction fluid, a mixing tube (104) downstream of the primary nozzle (103) and downstream of the secondary connection interface (102) and a diffuser (105) downstream of the mixing tube (104), wherein the jet pump unit (300, 400) has a common actuating mechanism (320, 420, 520) which is configured to actuate one or all of the at least two jet pumps (100) for conveying the suction fluid, wherein the actuating mechanism (320, 420, 520) is further configured to actuate at least one of the at least two jet pumps (100) only partially, at least temporarily.
2. Jet pump unit (300, 400) according to claim 1, wherein a common pressure line (310) is provided for supplying the motive fluid to the at least two jet pumps (100) connected in parallel, and wherein the common actuating mechanism (320, 420, 520) is configured for selectively opening and closing the common pressure line (310) for one or all of the jet pumps connected in parallel, wherein the actuating mechanism (320, 420, 520) is further configured to open the common pressure line (310) only partially, at least temporarily, for at least one of the jet pumps (100).
3. Jet pump unit (300, 400) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a common suction line (330) is provided for supplying the suction fluid to the at least two jet pumps (100) connected in parallel. R.419954-IP1 - 15 - is, and wherein the common actuating mechanism (320, 420, 520) is configured to selectively open and close the common suction line (330) for one or all of the parallel-connected jet pumps (100), wherein the actuating mechanism (320, 420, 520) is further configured to open the common suction line (330) only partially, at least temporarily, for at least one of the jet pumps (100).
4. Jet pump unit (300, 400) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a common outlet line is provided for discharging the motive fluid and the suction fluid from the at least two jet pumps (100) connected in parallel, and wherein the common actuating mechanism (320, 420, 520) is configured for selectively opening and closing the common outlet line for one or all of the at least two jet pumps (100) connected in parallel, wherein the actuating mechanism (320, 420, 520) is further configured to open the common outlet line only partially, at least temporarily, for at least one of the jet pumps (100).
5. Jet pump unit (300, 400) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the actuating mechanism (320, 420, 520) comprises a piston rotatable and / or linearly displaceable within a tube and / or bore, which is configured to selectively open and / or selectively close openings (312) within a wall of the tube or bore, wherein each of the jet pumps is connected to at least one of the openings (312) in the wall of the tube or bore.
6. Jet pump unit (300, 400) according to claim 5, wherein the piston is designed in a hollow cylindrical shape and has at least one recess (322, 324, 422, 424, 524) in a shell wall of the hollow cylinder, wherein the at least one recess is arranged to at least partially coincide with the openings (312) in the wall of the tube or bore, depending on a position of the piston. R.419954-IP1 - 16 - 7. Jet pump unit (300, 400) according to claim 5, wherein the piston is cylindrical and has at least one recess in a cylindrical surface of the cylinder, wherein the at least one recess is arranged to at least partially coincide with the openings (312) in the wall of the tube or bore depending on a position of the piston.
8. Jet pump unit (300, 400) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the at least one recess (322, 324, 422, 424, 524) or the at least one depression is configured to release one or more of the openings (312) in the wall of the tube or bore simultaneously.
9. Refrigerant circuit (200) for a temperature control system comprising at least one jet pump unit (300, 400) according to one of the preceding claims, a compressor (210) for compressing a refrigerant (253), a refrigerant condenser (220) for at least partially condensing the refrigerant downstream of the compressor (210), and a refrigerant evaporator (240) for at least partially evaporating the refrigerant, wherein the jet pump unit (300, 400) is arranged such that the at least partially condensed refrigerant (231) is supplied to it downstream of the refrigerant condenser (220) as motive fluid and the at least partially evaporated refrigerant (242) is supplied downstream of the refrigerant evaporator (240) as suction fluid, and wherein an outlet of the jet pump unit (300, 400) opens into a liquid phase separator (250), which is used for The device is set up to separate a liquid portion (252) from a gas portion (253) of the refrigerant.wherein the gas component (253) is fed to the compressor (210) on the suction side and the liquid component (252) is fed to the refrigerant evaporator (240).