Flow guiding system for directing flow towards a build area in a process chamber of a production device for additively manufacturing a three-dimensional component, production device, and production method

Abstract

The invention relates to a flow guiding system (10) for directing flow towards a build area (56) in a process chamber (52) of a production device (50) for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component, comprising: a first gas inlet arrangement (12) for feeding a gas into the process chamber (522), wherein the first gas inlet arrangement (12) is arranged centrally in the process chamber (50); and / or a second gas inlet arrangement (14) for feeding a gas into the process chamber (52), wherein the second gas inlet arrangement (14) has a first gas inlet (16) and a second gas inlet (18), and having a first gas outlet (20) and a second gas outlet (22) for discharging the gas out of the process chamber (52), wherein the first and the second gas outlets (20, 22) are arranged on opposing sides of the process chamber (50), wherein a length (L) of the first gas inlet arrangement (12) or of the second gas inlet arrangement (14) corresponds to at least 50% of a maximum diameter (max_D) of the process chamber (52) at an upper end thereof.

Description

[0001] AMCM GmbH November 14, 2025

[0002] M / AMCM-025-PC PF / kh

[0003] Flow guidance system for directing airflow to a build area in a process chamber of a manufacturing device for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component, manufacturing device and manufacturing process

[0004] Description

[0005] The invention relates to a flow guidance system for directing flow to a build area in a process chamber of a manufacturing device for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component, as well as a manufacturing device and a manufacturing method for the additive manufacturing of at least one three-dimensional component by layer-by-layer application of an additive material in a manufacturing device with a flow guidance system.

[0006] In an additive manufacturing process, material is applied layer by layer to create a three-dimensional object. Flow design plays a crucial role in ensuring uniform material distribution, precise temperature control, and controlled material cooling. Particularly in metallic processes, gas flow is a key aspect for maintaining an oxide-free environment and high material quality.

[0007] Furthermore, the gas flows in an additive manufacturing device are crucial for creating a good printing environment. They ensure a protective, inert atmosphere, aid in temperature regulation, and enable the removal of interfering particles and, if necessary, condensate. The fumes generated during the process are quickly removed from the process area, thus preventing undesirable interactions between the fumes and the laser beam. Proper control and design of these gas flows are essential for the quality of the printed component, as they protect the powder and keep contaminants out of the melting zone. MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 2

[0008] Elements for flow control that guide the flow into the process chamber are known from the prior art. In this process, the flow is concentrated relatively strongly, resulting in turbulence and requiring greater effort to control the flow within the process chamber in order to adjust the pressure or flow rate to achieve a uniform flow.

[0009] The object of the invention is, in particular, to provide a flow guidance system that enables a uniform flow through a process chamber in a simple manner and is preferably easy to handle. Additionally, it is a particular object of the invention to provide a manufacturing device through which the flow is uniform. Furthermore, it is a particular object of the invention to specify a manufacturing process with uniform flow during additive manufacturing.

[0010] The invention solves the problem in particular by means of a flow guidance system according to claim 1.

[0011] A first aspect of the invention is a flow guidance system for directing the flow of gas to a build area in a process chamber of a manufacturing device for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component, comprising a first gas inlet arrangement for supplying a gas into the process chamber, wherein the first gas inlet arrangement is arranged centrally, and in particular axially symmetrically, in the process chamber. Additionally or alternatively, a second gas inlet arrangement for supplying a gas into the process chamber is provided, wherein the second gas inlet arrangement has a first gas inlet and a second gas inlet, the first and the second gas inlet being arranged on opposite sides, and in particular in a longitudinal direction, of the process chamber.Furthermore, the flow control system provides a first gas outlet and a second gas outlet for removing the gas from the process chamber, wherein the first and second gas outlets are arranged on opposite sides of the process chamber, in particular in a longitudinal direction of the process chamber.

[0012] The first gas inlet assembly and the first and second gas outlets are gas-conductible or connected to each other. Additionally or alternatively, the first and second gas inlets of the second gas inlet assembly and the first and second gas outlets are gas-conductible or connected to each other. MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 3

[0013] The length of the first gas inlet arrangement or the second gas inlet arrangement corresponds to at least 50%, preferably at least 90%, and more preferably 100%, of a maximum diameter of the process chamber at an upper end thereof.

[0014] In flow control systems in which both a first gas inlet arrangement and a second gas inlet arrangement are provided, it may in special cases be possible that the first gas inlet arrangement comprises at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, further preferably at least 15%, but at most 40%, preferably at most 35%, further preferably at most 30% of the maximum diameter of the process chamber at an upper end thereof.

[0015] In this context, the maximum diameter of the process chamber is understood to mean a maximum extent, i.e., the distance between the pair of points that are furthest apart, in a longitudinal direction of the process chamber.

[0016] This flow guidance system enables a uniform flow through or into the process chamber during additive manufacturing. The length of the first and second gas inlet arrangements can be variably adjusted, allowing the flow to be adapted to the specific component being manufactured. This variability can relate to the length of each gas inlet arrangement, as well as its subdivision along the process chamber.

[0017] In an advantageous embodiment of the flow guidance system, the first gas inlet arrangement can have a distributor with outlet openings for distributing the gas, particularly uniformly. The distributor can have a parabolic, V-shaped, trapezoidal, or tapered polygonal shape. Additionally or alternatively, it can be advantageous if the first gas inlet of the second gas inlet arrangement has a first inclined distributor with outlet openings for distributing the gas, particularly uniformly, and / or if the second gas inlet of the second gas inlet arrangement has a second inclined distributor with outlet openings for distributing the gas uniformly.

[0018] Both the distributor and the angled distributor can have convex side surfaces. Furthermore, the distributor can have individual side surfaces that define its shape and can be arranged at any angle. MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 4

[0019] can. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the respective inclined distributor is rotatably mounted and can be arranged at any angle.

[0020] Due to the outlet openings of the distributor or angled distributor, the incoming gas can preferably be distributed across the entire circumference of the respective gas inlet arrangement, resulting in a more uniform gas flow. The distributor or angled distributor allows the flow to enter the process chamber with virtually no turbulence, thus creating a directed or uniform flow through the chamber. Furthermore, depending on the arrangement of the outlet openings, dead-flow zones within the process chamber can be reduced or even eliminated, thereby improving gas exchange and the removal of small particles.

[0021] In a further embodiment of the flow guidance system, it can be advantageous to include at least one pre-distributor with outlet openings in the first gas inlet arrangement. This can regulate the centrally flowing gas or the applied pressure.

[0022] The pre-distributor is preferably arranged parallel to the distributor or the angled distributor, but does not necessarily have to have the same design. It is also conceivable that a pre-distributor with outlet openings is arranged in the second gas inlet assembly.

[0023] For both the pre-distributor of the first gas inlet arrangement and the pre-distributor of the second gas inlet arrangement, the flow spreads across the entire surface of the distributor in two stages. This is particularly advantageous when the distributor has very small outlet openings.

[0024] Furthermore, for the distribution of the gas flow through the flow control system, it can be advantageous if the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the outlet openings of the distributor corresponds to at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, and more preferably at least 80%, of the cross-sectional area of ​​the gas supply, or if the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the outlet openings of the first inclined distributor corresponds to at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, and more preferably at least 80%, of the cross-sectional area of ​​the first gas supply, and / or if the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the outlet openings of the second inclined distributor corresponds to at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, and more preferably at least 80%, of the cross-sectional area of ​​the second gas supply. MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 5

[0025] This evens out the contact pressure of the gas in the distributor and thus enables a better distribution of the gas flow into the process chamber or of the flow velocity in the process chamber.

[0026] Ideally, the cross-section should be chosen so that the gas is guided as directly as possible towards the first and second gas outlets. This helps to avoid turbulence and dead-flow areas.

[0027] In the flow guidance system, it can also be advantageous if the outlet openings of the distributor and / or the first inclined distributor and / or the second inclined distributor and / or the pre-distributor have the following cross-sections:

[0028] Ellipse, especially circle, and / or

[0029] Polygon, especially rectangle, square or rhombus.

[0030] This allows for efficient use of the available space on the distributor and / or the first inclined distributor and / or the second inclined distributor and / or the pre-distributor. Furthermore, it allows the desired flow, flow velocity, and flow direction within the process chamber to be adjusted.

[0031] In further developments of the flow guidance system, it can be advantageous if the outlet openings

[0032] evenly (or uniformly) distributed and / or

[0033] in staggered rows or in straight rows or in a pattern

[0034] are arranged over the area of ​​the distributor or the first inclined distributor and / or the second inclined distributor and / or the pre-distributor.

[0035] This allows for further control of the flow and / or flow velocity. For example, one area of ​​the distributor, the first inclined distributor, the second inclined distributor, and / or the pre-distributor can have more openings to allow more gas to flow out than another, especially adjacent, area. MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 6

[0036] It is also conceivable that the outlet openings have different diameters, so that the volume flows can be adapted to the desired flow rate via the diameter of the respective outlet opening.

[0037] Both the arrangement of the outlet openings and their diameter allow for the adjustment of the flow rate, which can be either constant across the entire area or higher in certain areas than in others. This increases the flexibility for adjusting the flow in various process chambers or additive manufacturing devices.

[0038] For example, different flow layers can be created in manifolds with sections featuring different outlet diameters. For instance, a faster flow layer, which ensures optimal cleanliness of the protective lenses, can be generated by having smaller outlet diameters in the discharge area near the protective lenses than in a more distant area.

[0039] Furthermore, it can be advantageous in the flow guidance system if the distributor or the first inclined distributor and / or the second inclined distributor each have a main flow segment for direct flow onto the construction area of ​​the process chamber, and a secondary flow segment for flowing over a ceiling of the process chamber, and in particular a balancing segment between the main flow segment and the secondary flow segment to balance the flows from the main flow segment and the secondary flow segment.

[0040] Each segment can have a different number and / or size of outlet openings, resulting in different flow characteristics for each segment. This is particularly advantageous for preventing dead-flow areas in the corners of the process chamber and contamination of the applied additive material.

[0041] Furthermore, in the flow guidance system, it can be advantageous if the sum of the cross-sectional areas and / or the effective flow diameter of the outlet openings of the main flow segment is larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas and / or the effective flow diameter of the outlet openings of the secondary flow segment, and in particular the compensating segment. Optionally, the sum of the cross-sectional areas and / or the effective flow diameter of the outlet openings of the Ne- MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 7

[0042] The flow segment must be larger than or equal to the sum of the cross-sections and / or the effective flow diameter of the outlet openings of the balancing segment.

[0043] This allows for a higher throughput at a lower flow velocity in the main flow segment, while simultaneously maintaining a high flow velocity in the secondary flow segment.

[0044] Additionally, it can be advantageous in the flow guidance system if the outlet openings of the distributor, or of the first inclined distributor and / or the second inclined distributor and / or the pre-distributor, are designed as channels. The channels have a channel length to channel diameter ratio of 0.1 to 15, preferably 0.5 to 12, more preferably 0.8 to 10, and / or the channels have an inclination of 90° ± 30°, preferably ± 15°, more preferably ± 5°, to the surface of the distributor and / or the first inclined distributor and / or the second inclined distributor and / or the pre-distributor.

[0045] This allows for more precise flow direction, as the flow is guided through the channels. Furthermore, depending on the chosen channel length, a diffuser effect can be created. The contact pressure inside the respective distributor or pre-distributor remains constant.

[0046] In a further embodiment of the flow guidance system, it is advantageous if a first guide plate is pivotably arranged about a longitudinal axis on the distributor, or a second guide plate on the first inclined distributor, and / or a third guide plate on the second inclined distributor. The first and / or second and / or third guide plate is assigned to the process chamber.

[0047] The first, second, and / or third guide vane can be used to direct and control the flow after it exits the respective distributor. This allows the flow to be adapted to the specific requirements. Depending on the guide vane's position, turbulence and eddies can be reduced, resulting in laminar flow. Furthermore, the flow can be guided in such a way that no dead zones are created.

[0048] According to a second aspect of the invention, the above problem is solved in particular by a manufacturing device for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component with a process chamber, wherein the process chamber has a ceiling and a MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 8

[0049] The device has a construction area arranged opposite the ceiling and includes a flow guidance system according to a first aspect of the invention. The first gas inlet arrangement or the second gas inlet arrangement of the flow guidance system is arranged in the area of ​​the ceiling, and the first gas outlet and the second gas outlet are arranged in the area of ​​the construction area.

[0050] The manufacturing device enables the production of high-quality components, as the flow conditions in the process chamber can be optimized using the flow control system.

[0051] According to a third aspect of the invention, the above problem is solved in particular by a manufacturing process for the additive manufacturing of at least one three-dimensional component by layer-by-layer application of an additive material in a manufacturing device with a flow guidance system according to the first aspect of the invention and / or a manufacturing device according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:

[0052] - Supplying a gas into the process chamber using a flow control system

[0053] o Via a first gas inlet arrangement, wherein the first gas inlet arrangement feeds the gas centrally, in particular axially symmetrically, into the process chamber, wherein the gas is distributed in the process chamber by means of a distributor with outlet openings, wherein the distributor has a parabolic shape or a V-shape or a trapezoidal shape or a tapered polygonal shape, in particular uniformly, additionally or alternatively

[0054] o via a second gas inlet arrangement, wherein the second gas inlet arrangement has a first gas inlet and a second gas inlet on opposite sides in a longitudinal direction of the process chamber, wherein the gas is distributed in the process chamber, in particular uniformly, by means of a first inclined distributor of the first gas inlet and / or a second inclined distributor of the second gas inlet,

[0055] - Discharge of the gas from the process chamber via the first gas outlet and the second gas outlet.

[0056] The flow control system enables the flow through the process chamber, or a uniform flow into the process chamber, during the manufacturing process. The flow can be adjusted both in the area of ​​the component being manufactured and in the area of ​​the process chamber to optimize both. MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 9

[0057] In an advantageous embodiment of the manufacturing process, it may be advantageous if a first discharge volume flow of the first gas outlet differs from a second discharge volume flow of the second gas outlet by at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, and more preferably at least 50%.

[0058] This allows for asymmetrical flow through the process chamber. This is particularly advantageous for removing impurities from the process chamber.

[0059] Furthermore, it can be advantageous in the manufacturing process if the first discharge volume flow and the second discharge volume flow are variable, in particular cyclically variable.

[0060] This means, in particular, that the first and second discharge volume flows are changed at specific time intervals, thus altering the flow conditions in the process chamber over time. This can also lead to improved cleanliness of the process chamber and simultaneously prevents dead-flow zones.

[0061] Furthermore, it can be advantageous in the manufacturing process if a first gas inlet volume flow rate of the first gas inlet arrangement or a second gas inlet volume flow rate of the second gas inlet arrangement, in particular a first partial volume flow rate of the second gas inlet volume flow rate of the first gas inlet and / or a second partial volume flow rate of the second gas inlet volume flow rate of the second gas inlet, differ from each other.

[0062] The sum of the partial volume flows yields the second gas inlet volume flow. Furthermore, the sum of the two discharge volume flows corresponds to the first gas inlet volume flow, the second gas inlet volume flow, or the sum of the first and second gas inlet volume flows.

[0063] This allows the stagnation point of the flow to be shifted, resulting in an asymmetrical flow. This prevents the formation of dead current zones. Simultaneously, it allows for the adaptation of different geometries of the component being manufactured, as these also influence the flow.

[0064] Furthermore, it can be advantageous in the manufacturing process if the first guide plate and / or the second guide plate and / or the third guide plate are pivoted about a respective longitudinal axis. MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 10

[0065] This allows the flow to be adapted to the specific requirements within the process chamber during additive manufacturing. Depending on the position of the guide vane, turbulence and eddies can be reduced, resulting in a laminar flow. Furthermore, the flow can be guided in such a way that no dead zones are created.

[0066] Further advantages and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the claims and from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, which are explained below with reference to the schematic figures.

[0067] This shows:

[0068] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a flow guidance system in a first embodiment;

[0069] Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a flow guidance system in a second embodiment;

[0070] Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a flow guidance system in a third embodiment;

[0071] Figure 4 shows a section A of a first gas inlet arrangement of a flow guide system according to Fig. 1 in a) parabolic shape, b) V-shape, c) quadrilateral, in particular rectangular, shape, d) quadrilateral, in particular trapezoidal, shape and an e) trapezoidal shape with concave side surfaces in cross-section;

[0072] Figure 5 shows a section B of a second gas inlet arrangement of a flow guide system according to Fig. 2 in cross-section;

[0073] Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a) a first gas inlet arrangement with a pre-distributor and b) a second gas inlet arrangement with a pre-distributor in the sections A and B from Fig. 1 and 2;

[0074] Figure 7 shows an isometric partial view of a) a first gas inlet arrangement with an enlarged section C and b) a second gas inlet arrangement; MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 11

[0075] Figure 8 shows a schematic view of a manufacturing device with the first gas inlet arrangement according to Fig. 1;

[0076] Figure 9 shows a schematic view of a manufacturing process with the first gas inlet arrangement;

[0077] Figure 10 shows a schematic view of a manufacturing process with the second gas inlet arrangement;

[0078] Figure 11 shows a schematic view of a manufacturing process with the first and second gas inlet arrangements; Figure 12 shows a schematic view of a manufacturing process with the second gas inlet arrangement and a first guide plate;

[0079] Figure 13 shows a schematic view of a manufacturing process with the second gas inlet arrangement and a first guide plate and a second pivotable guide plate;

[0080] Figures 1 to 3 each show a flow guidance system 10 for directing flow to a build area 56 in a process chamber 52 of a manufacturing device 50 for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component. The manufacturing device 50, the process chamber 52, and the build area 56 are shown with dashed lines.

[0081] Figure 1 shows the flow control system 10 with a first gas inlet arrangement 12 for supplying a gas into the process chamber 52, wherein the first gas inlet arrangement 12 is arranged centrally and, in this particular embodiment, axially symmetrically within the process chamber 52. The flow control system 10 has a first gas outlet 20 and a second gas outlet 22 for removing the gas from the process chamber 50. The first and second gas outlets 20, 22 are arranged on opposite sides of the process chamber 50. The first gas inlet arrangement 12 and the first and second gas outlets 20, 22 are gas-conducting and can be connected to each other. The length L of the first gas inlet arrangement 12 corresponds to at least one maximum diameter max_D of the process chamber 52 at its upper end.

[0082] To distribute the gas evenly, the first gas inlet arrangement 12 has a distributor 24. Figure 4 shows five variants of the distributor 24 with outlet openings MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 12

[0083] Figure 26 is shown. Figure 4a) shows section A with a distributor 24 having a parabolic shape. It can also be assumed that Figure 4a) is a distributor with convex side faces. Figure 4b) shows section A with a distributor 24 having a V-shape. Figures 4c) and d) each show a special form of a square distributor, with Figure 4c) showing a rectangular shape and Figure 4d) a trapezoidal shape. In Figure 4e), the distributor has a trapezoidal shape with concave side faces.

[0084] Figure 2 shows the flow control system 10 with a second gas inlet arrangement 14 for supplying gas to the process chamber 52. The second gas inlet arrangement 14 has a first gas inlet 16 and a second gas inlet 18, which are arranged on opposite sides of the process chamber 52. Here, too, a first gas outlet 20 and a second gas outlet 22 are provided for removing the gas from the process chamber 52. The first and second gas outlets 20, 22 are arranged on the same sides as the first and second gas inlets 16, 18. The first and second gas inlets 16, 18 of the second gas inlet arrangement 14 and the first and second gas outlets 20, 22 are either gas-conducting or connected to each other. The length L of the second gas inlet arrangement 14 corresponds to 100% of the maximum diameter max_D of the flow-conducting part of the process chamber 52 at an upper end thereof.

[0085] To ensure uniform gas distribution, the first gas inlet 16 of the second gas inlet arrangement 14 has a first inclined distributor 28 with outlet openings 26, and the second gas inlet 18 of the second gas inlet arrangement 14 has a second inclined distributor 30 with outlet openings 26. Detail B of Fig. 5 shows an enlarged view of the second inclined distributor 18 as a representative of the inclined distributors 16 and 18.

[0086] It is also conceivable, as shown in Fig. 3, to combine Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, wherein the flow guide system 10 then has a first and second gas inlet arrangement 12, 14.

[0087] To slow down or pre-distribute the gas flow from the respective gas inlets 34, 36, 38, the first gas inlet arrangement 12 and the second gas inlet arrangement 14 can each provide at least one pre-distributor 32 with outlet openings 26. The respective pre-distributor 32 is arranged between the distributor 24 and the gas inlet 34 (Fig. 6a) or between the angled distributor 28, 30 and the respective gas inlets 36, 38 (Fig. 6b)). MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 13

[0088] Depending on the desired gas flow rate, the number and size of the outlet openings 26 of the distributor 24 or the angled distributors 28, 30 can be selected. For the embodiment of the first gas inlet arrangement 12 shown here, the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the outlet openings 26 of the distributor 24 corresponds to at least 80% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the gas supply 34.

[0089] For the embodiment of the first gas inlet arrangement 14 shown here, the sum of the cross-sections of the outlet openings 26 of the first inclined distributor 28 corresponds to at least 80% of the cross-section of the first gas supply 36 and the sum of the cross-sections of the outlet openings 26 of the second inclined distributor 30 corresponds to at least 80% of the cross-section of the second gas supply 38.

[0090] In the isometric representations of the distributor 24 in Fig. 7a) and of a first and second inclined distributor 28, 30 in Fig. 7b) both the pre-distributors 32 and the respective outlet openings 26 of the distributor 24 or of the first inclined distributor 28 and of the second inclined distributor 30 as well as of the pre-distributor 32 are shown.

[0091] In the first gas inlet arrangement 12 according to Fig. 7a), the outlet openings 26 of the distributor 24 have a circular cross-section and are arranged in staggered rows with equal spacing. In contrast, the outlet openings 26 of the pre-distributor 32 have a rectangular cross-section and are also evenly spaced.

[0092] The outlet openings 26 of the first and second inclined distributors 28, 30 alternately have a circular and a polygonal or oval cross-section and form a pattern as shown in Fig. 7b) or the section C in Fig. 7a).

[0093] For a directed flow into the process chamber, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 11, the first inclined distributor 28 and the second inclined distributor 30 each have a main flow segment 40 for direct flow to the construction area 56 of the process chamber 52, and a secondary flow segment 42 for flowing over a ceiling 54 of the process chamber 52. Additionally, in the embodiment shown, a balancing segment 44 is provided between the main flow segment 40 and the secondary flow segment 42 to balance the flows from the main flow segment 40 and the secondary flow segment 42.

[0094] To generate the desired gas flow characteristics, the sum of the cross-sectional areas or effective flow diameter of the outlet openings is 26 MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 14

[0095] The cross-sectional area of ​​the main flow segment 40 is greater than the sum of the cross-sectional areas or the effective flow diameter of the outlet openings 26 of the secondary flow segment 42 and the compensating segment 44. The sum of the cross-sectional areas or the effective flow diameter of the outlet openings 26 of the compensating segment 44 is greater than the sum of the cross-sectional areas or the effective flow diameter of the outlet openings 26 of the secondary flow segment 42.

[0096] In an embodiment of the distributor 32, or of the first and second inclined distributors 28, 30, or of the pre-distributor 32 (not shown), the respective outlet openings 26 can be designed as channels. The channels can have a channel length to channel diameter ratio of 0.1 to 15, preferably 0.5 to 12, and more preferably 0.8 to 10. It is also conceivable that the channels have an inclination of 90° ± 30°, preferably ± 15°, and more preferably ± 5°, to the surface of the distributor 26 and / or the first inclined distributor 28 and / or the second inclined distributor 30 and / or the pre-distributor 32.

[0097] To prevent dead current zones, a guide plate 46 is arranged on the ceiling, as shown in Fig. 12. This plate is fixed in its position. As shown in Fig. 13, another guide plate 46 can be pivotably arranged about a longitudinal axis LA below the fixed guide plate 36. These guide plates 46 are assigned to the process chamber 52. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a pivotable guide plate below the first gas inlet arrangement 12 to direct the flow.

[0098] Figure 8 shows a manufacturing device 50 for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component. This manufacturing device 50 comprises a process chamber 52 and a flow control system 10 with a first gas inlet arrangement 12. The process chamber 52 has a ceiling 54 and a build area 56 arranged opposite the ceiling 54.

[0099] The first gas inlet arrangement 12 of the flow control system 10 is located in the area of ​​the ceiling 54. The first gas outlet 20 and the second gas outlet 22 are located in the area of ​​the assembly area 56. The length L of the first gas inlet arrangement 12 corresponds to 100% of the maximum diameter max_D of the process chamber 52 at an upper end of the process chamber 52.

[0100] The manufacturing device 50 can alternatively or additionally include the second gas inlet arrangement 14. MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 15

[0101] Figure 9 illustrates a manufacturing process 100 for the additive manufacturing of at least one three-dimensional component by layer-by-layer application of an additive material in a manufacturing device 50 with a flow control system 10 as shown in Figure 1. The gas is supplied as a first gas inlet volume flow GV_1 via a first gas inlet arrangement 12 into the process chamber 52 110. The gas is distributed uniformly in the process chamber by means of the distributor 24. The supplied gas 110 is discharged from the process chamber 52 as a first discharge volume flow AVS_1 of the first gas outlet 20 and as a second discharge volume flow AVS_2 of the second gas outlet 22 120.

[0102] Figure 10 illustrates a manufacturing process 100 for the additive manufacturing of at least one three-dimensional component by layer-by-layer application of an additive material in a manufacturing device 50 with a flow control system 10 as shown in Figure 2. The gas is supplied as a second gas inlet volume flow GV_2 via a second gas inlet arrangement 14 into the process chamber 52 110. Since the second gas inlet arrangement 14 has a first gas inlet 16 and a second gas inlet 18 on opposite sides in a longitudinal direction LR of the process chamber 52, the second gas inlet volume flow is divided into a first partial volume flow TV_1 and a second partial volume flow TV_2. The gas is distributed evenly in the process chamber by means of the first inclined distributor 28 of the first gas inlet 16 and the second inclined distributor 30 of the second gas inlet 18.Since the inclined distributors 16, 18 have a main flow segment 40, a secondary flow segment 42, and a balancing segment 44, the partial volume flows TV_1, TV_2 of the second gas inlet volume flow GV_2 of the second gas inlet arrangement 14 are further subdivided, as indicated by the arrows. The supplied gas 110 is discharged from the process chamber 52 as the first discharge volume flow AVS_1 of the first gas outlet 20 and as the second discharge volume flow AVS_2 of the second gas outlet 22.

[0103] Figure 11 illustrates a manufacturing process 100 for the additive manufacturing of at least one three-dimensional component by layer-by-layer application of an additive material in a manufacturing device 50 with a flow guide system 10 as shown in Figure 3. The gas is supplied to the process chamber 52 as a first gas inlet volume flow GV_1 via a first gas inlet arrangement 12 and as a second gas inlet volume flow GV_2 via a second gas inlet arrangement 14. Since the second gas inlet arrangement 14 has the first gas inlet 16 and the second gas inlet 18 on opposite sides in a longitudinal direction LR of the process chamber 52, the second gas inlet volume flow is fed into the first partial volume flow MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 16

[0104] The gas is divided into two parts: TV_1 and TV_2. The first inclined distributor 28 of the first gas inlet 16 and the second inclined distributor 30 of the second gas inlet 18 distribute the gas evenly within the process chamber. Since the inclined distributors 16 and 18 each have a main flow segment 40, a secondary flow segment 42, and a balancing segment 44, the partial volume flows TV_1 and TV_2 of the second gas inlet volume flow GV_2 of the second gas inlet arrangement 14 are further subdivided, as indicated by the arrows. The supplied gas is discharged from the process chamber 52 as the first discharge volume flow AVS_1 of the first gas outlet 20 and as the second discharge volume flow AVS_2 of the second gas outlet 22.

[0105] The respective gas flow rates can be changed during additive manufacturing to adapt to the height and shape of the component, or to remove contaminants. Mass conservation must be taken into account to avoid generating unnecessary pressure in process chamber 52.

[0106] The first discharge volume flow rate AVS_1 of the first gas outlet 20 can differ from a second discharge volume flow rate AVS_2 of the second gas outlet 22 by at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, and more preferably at least 50%. This allows the gas to be discharged laterally and shifts the stagnation point of the gas.

[0107] This difference between the first discharge volume flow AVS_1 and the second discharge volume flow AVS_2 is cyclically variable.

[0108] If the manufacturing process 100, as shown in Fig. 11, is carried out in a manufacturing device 50 which has both a first gas inlet arrangement 12 with a first gas inlet volume flow rate GV_1 and a second gas inlet arrangement 14 with a second gas inlet volume flow rate GV_2, then it may be advantageous for the distribution of the gas if the first gas inlet volume flow rate GV_1 and the second gas inlet volume flow rate GV_2 differ from each other.

[0109] In the manufacturing process 100 shown in Figs. 12 and 13, a first guide plate 46 and a second guide plate 46 (Fig. 13) are provided on the ceiling (Fig. 12) below the first guide plate 46. The second guide plate 46 of Fig. 13 can be pivoted about a longitudinal axis LA 130 to direct the flow. The second guide plate 46 shown here can also be arranged below the first gas inlet arrangement as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, as well as Figs. 9 and 11. MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC

[0110] 17

[0111] Reference symbol list

[0112] 10 Flow guidance system

[0113] 12 first gas inlet arrangement

[0114] 14 second gas inlet arrangement

[0115] 16 first gas inlet

[0116] 18 second gas inlet

[0117] 20 first gas outlet

[0118] 22 second gas outlet

[0119] 24 distributors

[0120] 26 outlet openings

[0121] 28 first inclined distributor

[0122] 30 second inclined distributor

[0123] 32 distribution boxes

[0124] 34 Gas supply

[0125] 36 first gas supply

[0126] 38 second gas supply

[0127] 40 Main flow segment

[0128] 42 Bypass segment

[0129] 44 Compensation segment

[0130] 46 Guide plate

[0131] 50 manufacturing device

[0132] 52nd Tribunal

[0133] 54 ceiling

[0134] 56 Building plot

[0135] 100 manufacturing processes

[0136] 110 Feed

[0137] 120 Discharge

[0138] 130 swivels

[0139] LR longitudinal direction

[0140] Length L

[0141] LA Longitudinal axis

[0142] max_D maximum diameter

[0143] AVS_1 first discharge volume flow AVS_2 second discharge volume flow MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC

[0144] 18

[0145] GV_1 first gas inlet volume flow GV_2 second gas inlet volume flow TV_1 first partial volume flow

[0146] TV_2 second partial volume flow

Claims

AMCM GmbH November 14, 2025 M / AMCM-025-PC PF / kh Flow guidance system for directing airflow to a build area in a process chamber of a manufacturing device for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component, manufacturing device and manufacturing process Claims 1. Flow guidance system (10) for directing flow to a build area (56) in a process chamber (52) of a manufacturing device (50) for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component with - a first gas inlet arrangement (12) for supplying a gas into the process chamber (522), wherein the first gas inlet arrangement (12) is arranged centrally, in particular axially symmetrically, in the process chamber (50), and / or - a second gas inlet arrangement (14) for supplying a gas into the process chamber (52), wherein the second gas inlet arrangement (14) has a first gas inlet (16) and a second gas inlet (18), the first and second gas inlets (16, 18) being arranged on opposite sides of the process chamber (50), and with a first gas outlet (20) and a second gas outlet (22) for removing the gas from the process chamber (52), the first and second gas outlets (20, 22) being arranged on opposite sides of the process chamber (50), wherein the first gas inlet arrangement (12) and the first and second gas outlets (20, 22) are gas-conductably connectable or connected to each other, or wherein the first and second gas inlet (16, 18) of the second gas inlet arrangement (14) and the first and second gas outlets (20, 22) are gas-conductively connectable or connected to each other, wherein a length (L) of the first gas inlet arrangement (12) or of the second gas inlet arrangement (14) corresponds to at least 50%, preferably at least 90%, further preferably 100%, of a maximum diameter (max_D) of the process chamber (52) at an upper end thereof. MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 2 2. Flow guidance system (10) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the first gas inlet arrangement (12) for distributing the gas, in particular uniformly, comprises a distributor (24) with outlet openings (26), wherein the distributor (24) has a parabolic shape or a V-shape or a trapezoidal shape or a tapered polygonal shape, and / or the first gas inlet (16) of the second gas inlet arrangement (14) for distributing the gas, in particular uniformly, comprises a first inclined distributor (28) with outlet openings (26), and / or the second gas inlet (18) of the second gas inlet arrangement (14) for distributing the gas uniformly comprises a second inclined distributor (30) with outlet openings (26).

3. Flow guidance system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first gas inlet arrangement (12) and / or the second gas inlet arrangement (14) at least one pre-distributor (32) with outlet openings (26) is arranged.

4. Flow guidance system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the outlet openings (26) of the distributor (24) corresponds to at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, further preferably at least 80%, of the cross-sectional area of ​​the gas supply (34). that the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the outlet openings (26) of the first inclined distributor (28) corresponds to at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, further preferably at least 80%, of the cross-sectional area of ​​the first gas supply (36) and / or that the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the outlet openings (26) of the second inclined distributor (30) corresponds to at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, further preferably at least 80%, of the cross-sectional area of ​​the second gas supply (38).

5. Flow guidance system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet openings (26) of the distributor (24) and / or MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 3 the first inclined distributor (28) and / or the second inclined distributor (30) and / or the pre-distributor (32) shall have the following cross-sections: - Ellipse, especially circle, and / or - Polygon, especially rectangle, square or rhombus.

6. Flow guidance system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet openings (26) - distributed equally or unequally and / or - in staggered rows or in straight rows or in a pattern over the area of ​​the distributor (24) respectively. of the first slant distributor (28) and / or the second slant distributor (30) and / or the pre-distributor (32) are arranged.

7. Flow guidance system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distributor (24) or the first inclined distributor (28) and / or the second inclined distributor (30) has a main flow segment (40) for direct flow to the construction area (56) of the process chamber (52), and a secondary flow segment (42) for flow over a ceiling (54) of the process chamber (52) and in particular a balancing segment (44) between the main flow segment (40) and the secondary flow segment (42) for balancing the flows from the main flow segment (40) and the secondary flow segment (42).

8. Flow guidance system (10) according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the sum of the cross-sectional areas and / or an effective flow diameter of the outlet openings (26) of the main flow segment (40) is greater than the sum of the cross-sectional areas and / or the effective flow diameter of the outlet openings (26) of the secondary flow segment (42), and in particular of the compensating segment (44), wherein optionally the sum of the cross-sectional areas and / or the effective flow diameter of the outlet openings (26) of the secondary flow segment (42) is greater than or equal to the sum MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 4 the cross-sections and / or the effective flow diameter of the outlet openings (26) of the compensation segment (44).

9. Flow guidance system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet openings (26) of the distributor (32) or of the first inclined distributor (28) and / or the second inclined distributor (30) and / or the pre-distributor (32) are designed as channels, wherein the channels have a ratio of channel length to channel diameter of 0.1 to 15, preferably 0.5 to 12, more preferably 0.8 to 10, and / or wherein the channels have an inclination of 90° + / - 30°, preferably + / - 15°, more preferably + / - 5°, to the surface of the distributor (26) and / or the first inclined distributor (28) and / or the second inclined distributor (30) and / or the pre-distributor (32).

10. Flow guidance system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first guide plate (46) is arranged pivotably about a longitudinal axis (LA) on the distributor (26) or on the first inclined distributor (28) a second guide plate (46) and / or on the second inclined distributor (30) 11. Manufacturing device (50) for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional component with a process chamber (52), wherein the process chamber (52) has a ceiling (54) and a building area (56) arranged opposite the ceiling (54), and with a flow guidance system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first gas inlet arrangement (12) or the second gas inlet arrangement (14) of the flow guidance system (10) is arranged in the area of ​​the ceiling (54), and wherein the first gas outlet (20) and the second gas outlet (22) are arranged in the area of ​​the construction area (54).

12. Manufacturing process (100) for the additive manufacturing of at least one three-dimensional component by layer-by-layer application of an additive material in a manufacturing device (50) with a flow guidance system (10) MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 5 according to one of claims 1 to 10 and / or a manufacturing device (50) according to claim 11, wherein the manufacturing process (100) comprises the following steps: - Supplying (110) a gas into the process chamber (52) with a flow control system (10) o Via a first gas inlet arrangement (12), wherein the first gas inlet arrangement (12) supplies the gas centrally, in particular axially symmetrically, into the process chamber (52), wherein the gas is distributed in the process chamber (52) by means of a distributor (24) with outlet openings (26), wherein the distributor (24) has a parabolic shape or a V-shape or a trapezoidal shape or a tapered polygonal shape, in particular uniformly, and / or o via a second gas inlet arrangement (14), wherein the second gas inlet arrangement (14) is connected via a first gas inlet (16) and a second gas inlet (18) on opposite sides in a longitudinal direction (LR) of the process chamber (52), wherein the gas is distributed, in particular uniformly, in the process chamber (52) by means of a first inclined distributor (28) of the first gas inlet (16) and / or a second inclined distributor (30) of the second gas inlet (18) - discharge (120) of the gas from the process chamber (52) via the first gas outlet (20) and the second gas outlet (22).

13. Manufacturing process according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that a first discharge volume flow (AVS_1) of the first gas outlet (20) differs by at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, further preferably at least 50% from a second discharge volume flow (AVS_2) of the second gas outlet (22).

14. Manufacturing process according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by the fact that the first discharge volume flow (AVS_1) and the second discharge volume flow (AVS_2) are variable, in particular cyclically variable.

15. Manufacturing process (100) according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that MEISSNER BOLTE M / AMCM-025-PC 6 a first gas inlet volume flow (GV_1) of the first gas inlet arrangement (12) or a second gas inlet volume flow (GV_2) of the second gas inlet arrangement (14), in particular a first partial volume flow (TV_1) of the second gas inlet volume flow (GV_2) of the first gas inlet (16) and / or a second partial volume flow (TV_2) of the second gas inlet volume flow (GV_2) of the second gas inlet (18), differ from each other.

16. Manufacturing process (100) according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the first guide plate (46) and / or the second guide plate (46) and / or the third guide plate (46) is pivoted about a longitudinal axis (LA) (130).

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