Dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists and uses thereof
Peptide derivatives with conjugated chemical moieties address the short half-life and stability issues of amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists, providing extended efficacy in lowering food intake, body weight, and glucose levels with reduced side effects.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INNOVENT BIOLOGICS (SUZHOU) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-04
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2025137466-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025137466-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025137466-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
DUAL AMYLIN AND CALCITONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS AND USES THEREOFFIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to compounds that agonize both the amylin and calcitonin receptors and can therefore lower food intake, body weight, glucose, and / or triglycerides. Such compounds and compositions comprising such compounds may be used to treat metabolic diseases and disorders, such as diabetes, overweight or obesity, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) , dyslipidemia, and cognitive impairment, such as that caused by Alzheimer’s disease.BACKGROUND
[0002] Amylin is a peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic β-cells and is deficient in individuals with diabetes. It functions by inhibiting glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and acting as a satiety agent. Pramlintide, an amylin analog, is utilized to lower blood glucose levels in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Due to its short elimination half-life of less than one hour, pramlintide requires multiple daily administrations at meal times.
[0003] Calcitonin, a hormone produced in the thyroid gland, regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood. Salmon calcitonin, used to treat hypercalcemia, possesses a brief half-life of less than two hours, necessitating daily or more frequent dosing.
[0004] Research has demonstrated that compounds activating both amylin and calcitonin receptors yield benefits such as reduced blood glucose levels and weight loss. However, these agonists typically exhibit short half-lives, and attempts to chemically extend their duration of action often result in decreased potency. Furthermore, these agonists face stability challenges due to their propensity to fibrillate and the presence of a labile disulfide bond at neutral pH. There is a pressing need for alternative compounds that effectively target both amylin and calcitonin receptors while maintaining extended activity and potency. The present application addresses this and other needs.SUMMARY
[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a compound of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
[0006] In one aspect, provided is a derivative compound of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: ASHLSTAVLGTLSHELHKLETYPRTAVGSGSP (SEQ ID NO: 1) ; AibSHLSTAVLGTLSHELHKLETYPRTEVGSGSP (SEQ ID NO: 2) ; AibSHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSGSP (SEQ ID NO: 3) ; ASHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 4) ; ASHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 5) ; AibSHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 6) ; AibSHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 7) ; AibSHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHELETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 8) ; ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHKLESYPRTDVGAESP (SEQ ID NO: 9) ; ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGANSP (SEQ ID NO: 10) ; ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHK (meL) EDYPRTDVGAESP (SEQ ID NO: 11) ; and ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGARSP (SEQ ID NO: 12) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the derivative compound comprises a chemical moiety conjugated to the peptide via a direct bond or a connector. In some embodiments, the connector is ( [2- (2-aminoethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) or ( [2- (2-aminoethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) 2. In some embodiments, the chemical moiety is a peptide mimetic or fatty acid (e.g., C14-C24 fatty acid) .
[0007] In some embodiments, the chemical moiety is conjugated to the epsilon-amino group of any Lysine. In some embodiments, (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γGlu) -CO-(CH2) 18-CO2H is conjugated to the Lysine at position 11 of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 12, or at position 18 of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 6. In some embodiments, the N-terminal amino acid of the peptide is acetylated. In some embodiments, the C-terminal amino acid of the peptide is amidated.
[0008] In some embodiments, the N-terminal amino acid of the peptide is acetylated and the C-terminal amino acid of the peptide is amidated.
[0009] In one aspect, provided is a compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGTLSHELHK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LETYPRTAVGSGSP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 13) , AibSHLSTAVLGTLSHELHK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LETYPRTEVGSGSP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 14) , AibSHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSGSP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , AibSHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , AibSHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , AibSHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LSAibELHELETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHKLESYPRTDVGAESP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 21) , Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGANSP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 22) , Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHK (meL) EDYPRTDVGAESP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 23) , Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGARSP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 24) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0010] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating a disease or disorder such as clinical or pre-clinical diabetes, obesity, NASH, and dyslipidemia, in an individual in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the individual an effective amount of a peptide or compound of the present invention. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of lowering food intake, lowering body weight, lowering blood glucose, lowering triglycerides and / or lowering insulin levels in an individual in need thereof, wherein the method comprises administering to the individual an effective amount of a peptide or compound of the present invention. In some embodiments, the methods described herein further comprise co-administering to an individual in need thereof another therapeutic agent such as an incretin or incretin analog.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] The drawings illustrate certain embodiments of the features and advantages of this disclosure. These embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims in any manner.
[0012] FIG. 1A illustrates the percentage change in body weight of rats treated with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 20 and control molecule COMPOUND A at a concentration of 10nmol / kg compared to the solvent control group over time. FIG. 1B shows the trend of food intake over time for the same groups.
[0013] FIG. 2A shows the percentage change in body weight of rats treated with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 19 and control molecule COMPOUND A at a concentration of 10nmol / kg compared to the solvent control group over time. FIG. 2B shows the trend of food intake over time for the same groups.
[0014] FIG. 3A shows the percentage change in body weight of rats treated with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 24, and the control molecule COMPOUND A at a concentration of 10nmol / kg compared to the solvent control group over time. FIG. 3B shows the trend of food intake over time for the same groups.
[0015] FIG. 4 shows the weight loss effects (%) of amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 17, the control molecule COMPOUND A, and the solvent control group over time.
[0016] FIG. 5 shows the weight loss effects (%) of amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 22, and the control molecule COMPOUND A over time.
[0017] FIG. 6 shows the mean plasma concentrations-time curve of Cagrilintide and the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 at the dosage of 20 nmol / kg in cynomolgus monkeys.
[0018] FIG. 7 shows the Area Under Curve (AUC0-∞) values of Cagrilintide and the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 at the dosage of 20 nmol / kg.
[0019] FIG. 8 shows the percentage change in body weight of cynomolgus monkeys after dosing in different treatment groups (the solvent control group, the COMPOUND A 20 nmol / kg group as the control molecule group, the 3 / 10 / 20 nmol / kg groups of the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21) .DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] In one aspect, provided herein are therapeutically desirable compounds capable of agonizing both amylin and calcitonin receptors. In some embodiments, the compounds provided herein show one or more advantageous properties such as lowering food intake, lowering body weight, lowering blood glucose levels, lowering triglycerides, and / or lowering insulin levels. In some embodiments, compounds provided herein show one or more additional advantageous properties such as extended time action with preserved or improved potency in agonizing both the amylin and calcitonin receptors, a low risk of immunogenic response, chemical stability at a neutral pH, and / or a low risk of fibrillation. In some embodiments, compounds provided herein are suitable for treating metabolic diseases and disorders, such as diabetes, overweight or obesity, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) , dyslipidemia, and cognitive impairment, such as that caused by Alzheimer’s disease.
[0021] Certain presently disclosed compounds which agonize the amylin and calcitonin receptors show an effective reduction in food intake and body weight, as well as glucose and insulin lowering. Further, certain presently disclosed compounds show a decreased risk of immunogenicity and a low level of fibrillation. The pharmacokinetic properties of certain presently disclosed compounds show greatly extended half-life, which will enable dosing of once a week of these compounds for use in therapy. Other embodiments of the present disclosure are useful for making such compounds for use in therapy. I. Definition
[0022] As used in the present specification, the following words and phrases are generally intended to have the meanings as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used indicates otherwise.
[0023] The singular forms “a” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, e.g., reference to “the compound” includes a plurality of such compounds and reference to “the assay” includes reference to one or more compounds and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art.
[0024] As used herein, “about” means within a statistically meaningful range of a value or values such as, for example, a stated concentration, length, molecular weight, pH, sequence identity, time frame, temperature or volume. Such a value or range can be within an order of magnitude typically within 20%, more typically within 10%, and even more typically within 5%of a given value or range. The allowable variation encompassed by “about” will depend upon the particular system under study, and can be readily appreciated by one of skill in the art. “About” a parameter or value includes and describes that parameter or value per se. For example, “about X” includes and describes X per se.
[0025] As used herein, “treatment” or “treating” is an approach for obtaining a beneficial or desired result, such as a clinical result. For purposes of this disclosure, beneficial or desired results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of a symptom and / or diminishment of the extent of a symptom and / or preventing a worsening of a symptom associated with a disease or condition. In one variation, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of a symptom and / or diminishment of the extent of a symptom and / or preventing a worsening of a symptom associated with a disease provided herein, such as a metabolic disorder. Preferably, treatment of a disease or condition with a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, is accompanied by no or fewer side effects than are associated with currently available therapies for the disease or condition and / or improves the quality of life of the individual.
[0026] As used herein, “effective amount” means an amount, concentration or dose of one or more incretin analogs described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which, upon single or multiple dose administration to an individual in need thereof, provides a desired effect in such an individual under diagnosis or treatment. An effective amount can be readily determined by one of skill in the art through the use of known techniques and by observing results obtained under analogous circumstances. In determining the effective amount for an individual, a number of factors are considered including, but not limited to, the species of mammal; its size, age and general health; the specific disease or disorder involved; the degree of or involvement of or the severity of the disease or disorder; the response of the individual patient; the particular incretin analog administered; the mode of administration; the bioavailability characteristics of the preparation administered; the dose regimen selected; the use of concomitant medication; and other relevant circumstances. In certain instances, an “effective amount” is considered in the context of therapeutical uses and may be optionally referred to as “therapeutically effective amount” . A “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of the compound or the composition comprising a compound or salt thereof as set forth herein sufficient to produce a desired therapeutic outcome and / or required to provide a clinically significant decrease in a disease.
[0027] In some embodiments, “an individual” or “a subject” as used herein intends a mammal, including but not limited to a primate, human, bovine, horse, feline, canine, or rodent. In one variation, the individual or subject is a human.
[0028] As used herein, by “pharmaceutically acceptable” or “pharmacologically acceptable” is meant a material that is not biologically or otherwise undesirable, e.g., the material may be incorporated into a pharmaceutical composition administered to a patient without causing any significant undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the other components of the composition in which it is contained. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients have preferably met the required standards of toxicological and manufacturing testing and / or are included on the Inactive Ingredient Guide prepared by the U. S. Food and Drug administration.
[0029] “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” are those salts which retain at least some of the biological activity of the free (non-salt) Compound and which can be administered as drugs or pharmaceuticals to an individual. Such salts, for example, include: (1) acid addition salts, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid and the like; (2) salts formed when an acidic proton present in the parent compound either is replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth ion, or an aluminum ion; or coordinates with an organic base. Acceptable organic bases include ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and the like. Acceptable inorganic bases include aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and the like. Further examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those listed in Berge et al., Pharmaceutical Salts, J. Pharm. Sci. 1977 Jan; 66 (1) : 1-19. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be prepared in situ in the manufacturing process, or by separately reacting a purified compound of the disclosure in its free acid or base form with a suitable organic or inorganic base or acid, respectively, and isolating the salt thus formed during subsequent purification.
[0030] The term “excipient” as used herein means an inert or inactive substance that may be used in the production of a drug or pharmaceutical, such as a tablet containing a compound of the disclosure as an active ingredient. Various substances may be embraced by the term excipient, including without limitation any substance used as a binder, disintegrant, coating, compression / encapsulation aid, cream or lotion, lubricant, solutions for parenteral administration, materials for chewable tablets, sweetener or flavoring, suspending / gelling agent, or wet granulation agent. Binders include, e.g., carbomers, povidone, xanthan gum, etc.; coatings include, e.g., cellulose acetate phthalate, ethylcellulose, gellan gum, maltodextrin, enteric coatings, etc.; compression / encapsulation aids include, e.g., calcium carbonate, dextrose, fructose dc (directly compressible) , honey dc, lactose (anhydrate or monohydrate; optionally in combination with aspartame, cellulose, or microcrystalline cellulose) , starch dc, sucrose, etc.; disintegrants include, e.g., croscarmellose sodium, gellan gum, sodium starch glycolate, etc.; creams or lotions include, e.g., maltodextrin, carrageenans, etc.; lubricants include, e.g., magnesium stearate, stearic acid, sodium stearyl fumarate, etc.; materials for chewable tablets include, e.g., dextrose, fructose dc, lactose (monohydrate, optionally in combination with aspartame or cellulose) , etc.; suspending / gelling agents include, e.g., carrageenan, sodium starch glycolate, xanthan gum, etc.; sweeteners include, e.g., aspartame, dextrose, fructose dc, sorbitol, sucrose dc, etc.; and wet granulation agents include, e.g., calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, etc.
[0031] Unless specified otherwise, the left-hand end of the amino acid sequences discussed herein is the N-terminus, and the right-hand end of the amino acid sequences described herein corresponds to the C-terminus, which in some variations may be further chemically modified. When describing the peptides or other amino acid sequences herein, several nomenclatures have been used, following the convention known in the art, unless otherwise noted. In some variations, the amino acids are represented by three-letter code and the amino acid sequences are represented by connecting the three-letter codes.
[0032] In some embodiments, unless otherwise noted, the linkage between the amino acids in the peptides provided herein is a typical peptide bond, which is also known as eupeptide bond, and is formed between the α-carboxyl group of one amino acid and the α-amino group of the second amino acid. Such peptide bond or eupeptide bond may be represented as a hyphen “-” between two amino acids, or by directly linking the three-letter code or one-letter code of two amino acids together. In some embodiments, two amino acids provided herein may also be linked through an isopeptide bond, which is the linkage between the side chain amino or carboxyl group of one amino acid to the α-carboxyl, α-amino group, or the side chain of another amino acid. In some embodiments, the peptides provided herein does not comprise an isopeptide bond. In some embodiments, the derivative compounds provided herein does not comprise an isopeptide bond.
[0033] The agonizing activities of the peptides herein for both amylin and calcitonin receptors may be measured using techniques known in the art for measuring receptor binding / agonizing levels, including, for example, those described in the examples below. The activity of the peptides described herein at each of the receptors also may be measured using techniques known in the art, including, for example, the in vitro activity assays described herein, and is commonly expressed as an effective concentration 50 (EC50) value, which is the concentration of compound causing half-maximal stimulation in a dose response curve.
[0034] It is understood that aspects and embodiments described herein as “comprising” include “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” embodiments. II. Peptides and compounds
[0035] Disclosed herein are peptides comprising an amino acid sequence, which may agonize both the amylin and calcitonin receptors. Also disclosed are derivative compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising of such peptides and the use of such peptides, derivative compounds, pharmaceutical compositions as medicaments.
[0036] The amino acid sequences described herein incorporate naturally occurring amino acids, typically depicted herein using standard one letter codes (e.g., L = leucine) , as well as alpha-methyl substituted residues of natural amino acids (e.g., α-methyl leucine (αMeL) and α-methyl lysine (αMeK) ) , and certain other unnatural amino acids (e.g., 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) , β-amino acid residues, γ-amino acid residues, and D-amino acid residues) .
[0037] In some embodiments, provided herein is a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
[0038] In some embodiment, the peptide is an amylin receptor agonist and / or a calcitonin receptor agonist. In some embodiments, the peptide is a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist.
[0039] In some embodiment, the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence of ASHLSTAVLGTLSHELHKLETYPRTAVGSGSP (SEQ ID NO: 1) . In some embodiment, the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence of AibSHLSTAVLGTLSHELHKLETYPRTEVGSGSP (SEQ ID NO: 2) . In some embodiment, the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence of AibSHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSGSP (SEQ ID NO: 3) . In some embodiment, the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence of Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 4) . In some embodiment, the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence of Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 5) . In some embodiment, the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence of AibSHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 6) . In some embodiment, the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence of AibSHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 7) . In some embodiment, the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence of AibSHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHELETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 8) . In some embodiment, the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence of ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHKLESYPRTDVGAESP (SEQ ID NO: 9) . In some embodiment, the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence of ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGANSP (SEQ ID NO: 10) . In some embodiment, the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence of ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHK (meL) EDYPRTDVGAESP (SEQ ID NO: 11) . In some embodiment, the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence of ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGARSP (SEQ ID NO: 12) .
[0040] The peptides disclosed herein can be chemically derivatized or altered, for example, peptides with non-natural amino acid analogs (e.g., taurine) , C-terminal functional group modifications, such as amides, esters, and C-terminal ketone modifications and N-terminal functional group modifications, such as acylated amines, Schiff bases, or cyclization. In some embodiments, the C-terminal amino acid of the peptides disclosed herein is amidated. In some embodiments, the carboxyl group of the C-terminal amino acid of the peptides disclosed herein is amidated to the C-terminal primary amide.
[0041] In some embodiments, provided herein is a derivative compound of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0042] In some embodiments, the derivative compound comprises a chemical moiety conjugated to an amino acid residue of the peptide via a direct bond or a connector. The conjugation to a chemical moiety may not affect the agonist activity of the peptide and compounds disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the chemical moiety extends the half-life of the compound. Exemplary chemical moieties include, but are not limited to, the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin, fragments of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin, human serum albumin (HSA) , VHH, a variant of a VHH (variable domain of heavy chain antibodies) nanobody, fragments of human serum albumin, a C16-C20 monoacid, a C16-C20 diacid, and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety or PEG alternative (e.g., polysarcosine) .
[0043] In some embodiments, the chemical moiety is a peptide mimetic or fatty acid. In some embodiments, the chemical moiety is C14-C24 fatty acid. In some embodiments, the C14-C24 fatty acid can be a saturated monoacid or a saturated diacid. In some embodiments, the fatty acid is a saturated monoacid or saturated diacid selected from the group consisting of myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid) (C14 monoacid) , tetradecanedioic acid (C14 diacid) , palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) (C16 monoacid) , hexadecanedioic acid (C16 diacid) , margaric acid (hepiadecanoic acid) (C17 monoacid) , heptadecanedioic acid (C17 diacid) , stearic acid (octadecanoic acid) (C18 monoacid) , octadecanedioic acid (C18 diacid) , nonadecylic acid (nonadecanoic acid) (C19 monoacid) , nonadecanedioic acid (C19 diacid) , arachadic acid (eicosanoic acid) (C20 monoacid) , eicosanedioic acid (C20 diacid) , heneicosylic acid (heneicosanoic acid) (C21 monoacid) , heneicosanedioic acid (C21 diacid) , behenic acid (docosanoic acid) (C22) , docosanedioic acid (C22 diacid) , lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid) (C24 monoacid) and tetracosanedioic acid (C24 diacid) . In some embodiments, the C14-C24 fatty acid is myristic acid. In some embodiments, the C14-C24 fatty acid is tetradecanedioic acid. In some embodiments, the C14-C24 fatty acid is palmitic acid. In some embodiments, the C14-C24 fatty acid is hexadecanedioic acid. In some embodiments, theC14-C24 fatty acid is stearic acid. In some embodiments, the C14-C24 fatty acid is octadecanedioic acid. In some embodiments, the C14-C24 fatty acid is nonadecanedioic acid. In some embodiments, the C14-C24 fatty acid is arachadic acid. In some embodiments, the C14-C24 fatty acid is eicosanedioic acid. In some embodiments, the C14-C24 fatty acid is docosanedioic acid.
[0044] In some embodiments, the chemical moiety is conjugated to an amino acid residue of the peptide via a direct bond. In some embodiments, the direct bond is formed between a Lys of the amino acid sequence and the chemical moiety. In some embodiments, the direct bond is formed between the epsilon-amino group of a Lys side chain of the amino acid sequence and the chemical moiety.
[0045] In some embodiments, the chemical moiety is conjugated to an amino acid residue of the peptide via a connector. In some embodiments, the connector is selected from the group consisting of: (a) an amino polyethylene glycol carboxylate of Formula I: H- {NH-CH2-CH2- [O-CH2-CH2] m-O- (CH2) p-CO} n-OH (I) , wherein m is any integer from 1 to 12, n is any integer from 1 to 12, and p is 1 or 2; (b) an amino acid selected from the group consisting of arginine (Arg) , asparagine (Asn) , aspartic acid (Asp) , glutamine (Gln) , glutamic acid (Glu) , histidine (His) , lysine (Lys) , serine (Ser) , threonine (Thr) , citrulline (Cit) , ornithine (Orn) , sarcosine (Sar) , glycine (Gly) , γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-Abu) and γ-glutamic acid (γ-Glu) ; (c) a dipeptide selected from the group consisting of Ala-Ala, β-Ala-β-Ala, Glu-Glu, Gly-Gly, Leu-Leu, Ser-Ser, Thr-Thr, γ-Glu-γ-Glu, Glu-γ-Glu, γ-Glu-Glu, γ-Abu-γ-Abu, 6-aminohexanoic acid-6-aminohexanoic acid, 5-aminovaleric acid-5-aminovaleric acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid-7-aminoheptanoic acid and 8-aminooctanoic acid-8-aminooctanoic acid; (d) a tripeptide selected from the group consisting of Ala-Ala-Ala, β-Ala-β-Ala-β-Ala, Glu-Glu-Glu, γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu, Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu, γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Glu, γ-Glu-Glu-γ-Glu, Gly-Gly-Gly, Gly-Gly-Ser, Ser-Gly-Gly, Gly-Ser-Gly, Gly-Gly-Glu, Glu-Gly-Gly, Gly-Glu-Gly, Gly-Gly-γ-Glu, γ-Glu-Gly-Gly, Gly-γ-Glu-Gly, Leu-Leu-Leu and γ-Abu-γ-Abu-γ-Abu; (e) a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of (Gly-Gly-Ser) q (Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser) r (SEQ ID NO: 25) and (Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser) r (SEQ ID NO: 26) , (6-aminohexanoic acid) s, (5-aminovaleric acid) s, (7-aminoheptanoic acid) s, and (8-aminooctanoic acid) s, where q is any integer from 2 to 5, r is any integer from 1 to 3, and s is any integer from 4 to 15; and (f) a conjugate connector wherein an amino polyethylene glycol carboxylate of Formula I as defined in (a) is conjugated with: (i) an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Asn, Asp, Gln, Glu, His, Lys, Ser, Thr, Cit, Orn, Sar, Gly, γ-Abu and γ-Glu; (ii) a dipeptide selected from the group consisting of Ala-Ala, β-Ala-β-Ala, Glu-Glu, Gly-Gly, Leu-Leu, Ser-Ser, Thr-Thr, γ-Glu-γ-Glu, Glu-γ-Glu, γ-Glu-Glu, γ-Abu-γ-Abu, 6-aminohexanoic acid-6-aminohexanoic acid, 5-aminovaleric acid-5-aminovaleric acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid-7-aminoheptanoic acid and 8-aminooctanoic acid-8-aminooctanoic acid; (iii) a tripeptide selected from the group consisting of Ala-Ala-Ala, β-Ala-β-Ala-β-Ala, Glu-Glu-Glu, γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu, Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu, γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Glu, γ-Glu-Glu-γ-Glu, Gly-Gly-Gly, Gly-Gly-Ser, Ser-Gly-Gly, Gly-Ser-Gly, Gly-Gly-Glu, Glu-Gly-Gly, Gly-Glu-Gly, Gly-Gly-γ-Glu, γ-Glu-Gly-Gly, Gly-γ-Glu-Gly, Leu-Leu-Leu and γ-Abu-γ-Abu-γ-Abu; or (iv) a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of (Gly-Gly-Ser) q (Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser) r (SEQ ID NO: 25) and (Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser) r (SEQ ID NO: 26) , (6-aminohexanoic acid) s, (5-aminovaleric acid) s, (7-aminoheptanoic acid) s, and (8-aminooctanoic acid) s, where q is any integer from 2 to 5, r is any integer from 1 to 3, and s is any integer from 4 to 15.
[0046] In some embodiments, the connector is ( [2- (2-aminoethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) or ( [2- (2-aminoethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) 2. In some embodiments, the connector is ( [2- (2-aminoethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) . In some embodiments, the connector is ( [2- (2-aminoethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) 2.
[0047] In some embodiments, the connector links a Lys of the peptide to a chemical moiety. In some embodiments, the chemical moiety is conjugated to the epsilon-amino group of any Lysine via a connector. In some embodiments, (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γGlu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H is conjugated to the Lysine at position 11 of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 12, or at position 18 of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 6.
[0048] In some embodiments, in addition to conjugation to a chemical moiety or alternatively, the derivate compound comprises modifications known in the art, for example, C-terminal and / or N-terminal functional group modifications.
[0049] In some embodiments, the N-terminal amino acid of the peptide is acetylated.
[0050] In some embodiments, the C-terminal amino acid of the peptide is amidated.
[0051] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGTLSHELHK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LETYPRTAVGSGSP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 13) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Below is a schematic of SEQ ID NO: 13.
[0052] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound comprising: AibSHLSTAVLGTLSHELHK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LETYPRTEVGSGSP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 14) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Below is a schematic of SEQ ID NO: 14.
[0053] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound comprising: AibSHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSGSP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Below is a schematic of SEQ ID NO: 15.
[0054] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Below is a schematic of SEQ ID NO: 16.
[0055] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Below is a schematic of SEQ ID NO: 17.
[0056] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound comprising: AibSHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Below is a schematic of SEQ ID NO: 18.
[0057] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound comprising: AibSHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Below is a schematic of SEQ ID NO: 19.
[0058] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound comprising: AibSHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LSAibELHELETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Below is a schematic of SEQ ID NO: 20.
[0059] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHKLESYPRTDVGAESP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 21) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Below is a schematic of SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0060] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGANSP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 22) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Below is a schematic of SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0061] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHK (meL) EDYPRTDVGAESP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 23) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Below is a schematic of SEQ ID NO: 23.
[0062] In some embodiments, provided herein is a compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGARSP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 24) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Below is a schematic of SEQ ID NO: 24.
[0063] Also provided are stereoisomers, mixture of stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically enriched analogs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the peptides or derivative compounds of peptides described herein, such as the peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 12, or a derivative compound of peptide comprising an amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, or SEQ ID NO: 12, or any variation thereof described herein. In some embodiments, provided are stereoisomers, mixture of stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically enriched analogs, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds comprising SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24, or any variation thereof described herein.
[0064] In the descriptions herein (e.g., peptides, derivative compounds, or any variation thereof described herein) , it is understood that every description, variation, embodiment or aspect of a moiety may be combined with every description, variation, embodiment or aspect of other moieties the same as if each and every combination of descriptions is specifically and individually listed. For example, every description, variation, embodiment or aspect provided herein with respect to the peptide may be combined with every description, variation, embodiment or aspect of the chemical modification in derivative compound of peptide the same as if each and every combination were specifically and individually listed and such combinations are equally applicable to other formulae where permitted by the chemical structure.
[0065] The compounds disclosed herein, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, may include an asymmetric center and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that may be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R) -or (S) -. The present disclosure is meant to include all such possible isomers, as well as their racemic and optically pure forms. Optically active (+) and (-) , or (R) -and (S) -isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques, for example, chromatography and fractional crystallization. Conventional techniques for the preparation / isolation of individual enantiomers include chiral synthesis from a suitable optically pure precursor or resolution of the racemate (or the racemate of a salt or derivative compound) using, for example, chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) . When the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centers of geometric asymmetry, and unless specified otherwise, it is intended that the compounds include both E and Z geometric isomers. In some embodiments, formulas provided herein also encompasses both stereoisomers.
[0066] Any compound or structure given herein, is also intended to represent unlabeled forms as well as isotopically labeled forms of the compounds. These forms of compounds may also be referred to as an “isotopically enriched analog. ” Isotopically labeled compounds have structures depicted herein, except that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having a selected atomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into the disclosed compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine and iodine, such as 2H, 3H, 11C, 13C, 14C, 13N, 15N, 15O, 17O, 18O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, 36Cl, 123I, and 125I, respectively. Various isotopically labeled compounds of the present disclosure, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as 3H, 13C and 14C are incorporated. Such isotopically labelled compounds may be useful in metabolic studies, reaction kinetic studies, detection or imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate tissue distribution assays or in radioactive treatment of patients. Such compounds may exhibit increased resistance to metabolism and are thus useful for increasing the half-life of any compound when administered to a mammal, particularly a human. Such compounds are synthesized by means well known in the art, for example by employing starting materials in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by deuterium.
[0067] Certain compounds disclosed herein (e.g., peptides, derivative compounds, or any variation thereof described herein) contain one or more ionizable groups (groups from which a proton can be removed (e.g., -COOH) or added (e.g., amines) or which can be quaternized (e.g., amines) ) . All possible ionic forms of such molecules and salts thereof are intended to be included individually in the disclosure herein. With regard to salts of the compounds described herein, one of ordinary skill in the art can select from among a wide variety of available counterions those that are appropriate. In specific applications, the selection of a given anion or cation for preparation of a salt may result in increased or decreased solubility of that salt. III. Pharmaceutical Composition
[0068] In some embodiments, the compounds provided herein (e.g., peptides, derivative compounds, or any variation thereof described herein) can be formulated in a composition, such as a pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises one or more additional medicinal agents, pharmaceutical agents, adjuvants, carriers, excipients, and the like. Suitable medicinal and pharmaceutical agents include those described herein. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition includes a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or adjuvant and at least one chemical entity as described herein. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include, but are not limited to, mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, talcum, cellulose, sodium croscarmellose, glucose, gelatin, sucrose, and magnesium carbonate. In some embodiments, provided are compositions, such as pharmaceutical compositions that contain one or more compounds described herein (e.g., peptides, derivative compounds, or any variation thereof described herein) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0069] Also provided are packaged pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a pharmaceutical composition as described herein and instructions for using the composition to treat a patient suffering from a disease or condition described herein. IV. Method of use
[0070] In one aspect, provided herein is a method of treating a disease mediated by amylin receptor, calcitonin receptors, or a combination thereof, in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering a peptide or derivative compound, or any composition thereof, described herein. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 12, or a derivative compound thereof, or a compound comprising SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided herein is the use of the compound (e.g., the peptide or derivative compound provided herein) or composition described herein for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a disease or disorder mentioned herein.
[0071] In some embodiments, the subject in need thereof has a disease mediated by amylin receptor, calcitonin receptors, or a combination thereof, or a symptom associated with such a disease. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with the disease. In some embodiments, the subject has shown early sign of the disease. In some embodiments, the subject has an elevated risk for having the disease.
[0072] In some embodiments, the peptides or derivative compounds, or any compositions thereof, described herein have one or more of the following functions if administered to a subject (e.g., a human) : (1) reducing blood glucose; (2) increasing glucose tolerance; (3) increase insulin sensitivity; (4) decreasing body weight or reduce body weight gain; (5) decreasing fat mass; (6) decreasing inflammation in fat tissue; (7) decreasing fasting insulin levels; (8) decreasing circulating triglyceride levels; (9) decreasing liver steatosis or reduce triglyceride level in liver; or (10) decreasing AST, ALT, and / or ALP levels; or any combination of (1) to (10) .
[0073] In some embodiments, the disease mediated by amylin receptor, calcitonin receptors, or a combination thereof is a metabolic disorder. Hence in some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a metabolic disorder in a subject in need thereof (e.g., a subject who has been diagnosed with a metabolic disorder) , comprising administering a peptide or derivative compound provided herein, or any composition thereof, described herein. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder includes, but is not limited to, a disorder of glucose metabolism (e.g., Type 2 diabetes, elevated glucose levels, elevated insulin levels, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome (Syndrome X or insulin resistance syndrome) , glucosuria, metabolic acidosis, diabetic neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, Type 1 diabetes, overweight, obesity and conditions exacerbated by obesity) , non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) , non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) , metabolic syndrome, bone-related disorders, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and cognitive impairment, such as that caused by Alzheimer’s disease, or any combination thereof.
[0074] In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is diabetes, e.g., type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is obesity. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder is dyslipidemia, elevated glucose levels, elevated insulin levels or diabetic nephropathy. For example, in some embodiments, the subject (e.g., human subject) has a fasting blood glucose level of 125 mg / dL or greater, for example, 130 mg / dL, 135 mg / dL, 140 mg / dL, 145 mg / dL, 150 mg / dL, 155 mg / dL, 160 mg / dL, 165 mg / dL, 170 mg / dL, 175 mg / dL, 180 mg / dL, 185 mg / dL, 190 mg / dL, 195 mg / dL, 200 mg / dL, or greater than 200 mg / dL. Blood glucose levels can be determined in the fed or fasted state, or at random. In some embodiments, the metabolic disorder can also comprise a condition in which a subject is at increased risk of developing a metabolic condition. For a human subject, such conditions may include a fasting blood glucose level of 100 mg / dL. Conditions that can be treated using a pharmaceutical composition comprising a peptide or derivative compound described herein, or any composition thereof, described herein can also be found in the American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Care-2011, American Diabetes Association, Diabetes Care Vol. 34, No. Supplement 1, S11-S61, 2010, incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the disease is diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) , non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) , dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, or metabolic syndrome. In some embodiments, the method can induce insulin secretion in response to high glucose stimulation, such as increase insulin secretion by at least about 5%, or at least about any of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, or 200%. In some embodiments, the method can reduce insulin resistance.
[0075] In some embodiments, the disease is obesity. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of inducing a weight loss in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering a peptide or derivative compound provided herein, or any composition thereof described herein. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with overweight. In some embodiments, the subject has a body mass index (BMI) of at least 24, such as at least about any of 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, or above. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating obesity in a subject in need thereof (e.g., a subject who has been diagnosed with obesity) , comprising administering a peptide or derivative compound provided herein, or any composition thereof described herein. In some embodiments, the method can reduce body weight of the subject by at least about 0.5%, such as at least about any of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, or 20%. In some embodiments, the method can reduce food intake of the subject by at least about 0.5%, such as at least about any of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, or 20%. In some embodiments, the method can reduce body weight of the subject more effectively than treatment with COMPOUND A. COMPOUND A is a peptide analogue with dual amylin and calcitonin agonizing activity. And COMPOUND A is consisting of the following sequence Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGAESP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 25) .
[0076] In some embodiments, all other factors being the same, the method provided herein (e.g., method comprising administering a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 12, or a derivative compound thereof, or a compound comprising SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) reduces body weight of the subject at least 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%more than method comprising administering COMPOUND A. In some embodiments, the method can reduce food intake of the subject by at least about 0.5%, such as at least about any of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%. In some embodiments, the method can reduce food intake of the subject more effectively than treatment with COMPOUND A. In some embodiments, for example, all other factors being the same, the method provided herein (e.g., method comprising administering a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 12, or a derivative compound thereof, or a compound comprising SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, or SEQ ID NO: 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) reduces food intake of the subject at least 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50%more than method comprising administering COMPOUND A.
[0077] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating metabolic syndrome in a subject in need thereof (e.g., a subject who has been diagnosed with a metabolic syndrome) , comprising administering a peptide or derivative compound provided herein, or any composition thereof described herein.
[0078] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating NASH in a subject in need thereof (e.g., a subject who has been diagnosed with NASH) , comprising administering a peptide or derivative compound provided herein, or any composition thereof described herein.
[0079] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating NAFLD in a subject in need thereof (e.g., a subject who has been diagnosed with NAFLD) , comprising administering a peptide or derivative compound provided herein, or any composition thereof described herein.
[0080] In some embodiments, effectiveness of the peptide of Formula (I) , the peptide or derivative compound provided herein, or any composition thereof described herein can be assessed by, for example, observing a significant reduction in blood glucose, observing a significant increase in insulin, observing a significant reduction in HbA1c and / or observing a significant reduction in body weight.
[0081] Administration of the compounds (e.g., the peptide or derivative compound provided herein) and compositions described herein can be via any accepted mode of administration for therapeutic agents including, but not limited to, oral, sublingual, subcutaneous, parenteral, intravenous, intranasal, topical, transdermal, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intrapulmonary, vaginal, rectal, or intraocular administration. In some embodiments, the compound (e.g., the peptide or derivative compound provided herein) or composition is administered subcutaneously. In some embodiments, the compound (e.g., the peptide or derivative compound provided herein) or composition is administered orally. In some embodiments, the compound (e.g., the peptide or derivative compound provided herein) or composition is administered intravenously. V. Kits
[0082] Also provided herein are kits for carrying out the methods described herein, which comprises one or more compounds (e.g., the peptide or derivative compound provided herein) described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmacological composition comprising a compound described herein. The kits may employ any of the compounds disclosed herein. In one variation, the kit employs a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The kits may be used for any one or more of the uses described herein, and, accordingly, may contain instructions for use in the treatment of a disease provided herein, such as a metabolic disorder.
[0083] Kits generally comprise suitable packaging. The kits may comprise one or more containers comprising any compound described herein. Each component (if there is more than one component) can be packaged in separate containers or some components can be combined in one container where cross-reactivity and shelf-life permit. One or more components of a kit may be sterile and / or may be contained within sterile packaging.
[0084] The kits may be in unit dosage forms, bulk packages (e.g., multi-dose packages) or sub-unit doses. For example, kits may be provided that contain sufficient dosages of a COMPOUND As disclosed herein (e.g., a therapeutically effective amount) and / or a second pharmaceutically active compound useful for a disease detailed herein (e.g., metabolic disorder) to provide effective treatment of an individual for an extended period, such as any of a week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, or more. Kits may also include multiple unit doses of the compounds and instructions for use and be packaged in quantities sufficient for storage and use in pharmacies (e.g., hospital pharmacies and compounding pharmacies) .
[0085] The kits may optionally include a set of instructions, generally written instructions, although electronic storage media (e.g., magnetic diskette or optical disk) containing instructions are also acceptable, relating to the use of component (s) of the methods described herein. The instructions included with the kit generally include information as to the components and their administration to an individual. Example 1. Preparation of peptides
[0086] This patent describes the synthesis of polypeptide compounds using solid-phase organic synthesis methods. The synthesis employs the Fmoc-protected amino acid strategy and SPPS (Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis) technology to complete the synthesis, cleavage, oxidation, and purification of the target product. The specific steps are briefly described as follows:
[0087] Step 1: Resin Swelling. Initially, 0.4g of Rink-Pro resin (SD=0.35) was added to the reactor. Subsequently, 6 mL of DCM was introduced, and the mixture was shaken for 30 minutes to allow the resin to swell.
[0088] Step 2: Resin Deprotection. Following the swelling process, the swelling solvent was vacuum dried. Then, 6 ml of 20%Pip / DMF was added, and the mixture was shaken for 5 minutes. The reaction liquid was removed, and the process was repeated with another 6 mL of 20%Pip / DMF for an additional 5 minutes.
[0089] Step 3: Deprotection Washing. After deprotection, the deprotection reagent was vacuum dried. The resin was then washed with 6 ml of DMF six times, with each wash lasting 1 minute, followed by drying for 1 minute.
[0090] Step 4: Deprotection Detection. To detect deprotection, 20 resin beads were placed in a test tube, and 1 ml of ninhydrin test reagent was added. The test tube was then placed in a 100℃ metal bath for 2 minutes. The resin color was observed, with a deep color indicating successful deprotection.
[0091] Step 5: Second Amino Acid Coupling. For the second amino acid coupling, 2 mL of a pre-prepared 0.2M Fmoc-Thr (OtBu) -OH / Fmoc-Ser (tBu) -OH solution containing Oxyma (3 eq) was added. Additionally, 3 eq. of DIC was introduced, and the mixture was shaken for 1 hour.
[0092] Step 6: Reaction Detection and Washing. To detect the reaction, 20 resin beads were placed in a test tube, and 1 mL of ninhydrin test reagent was added. The test tube was then placed in a 100℃ metal bath for 2 minutes. The resin color was observed, with no significant color change indicating successful coupling. The reaction liquid was then washed with 6 ml of DMF four times, with each wash lasting 1 minute, followed by drying for 1 minute.
[0093] Step 7: Peptide Chain Elongation. Steps 2 to 6 were repeated for each amino acid in the sequence from right to left. For the first N-terminal amino acid after Lys [C20-OtBu-Glu-(OtBu) -AEEA-AEEA] and Aib, after 30 minutes of Oxyma / DIC coupling, the reaction liquid was removed. Then, 3 eq of the amino acid solution, 3 eq of HATU, and 6 eq of DIEA were added, and the reaction was continued for 30 minutes. For Fmoc-L-Lys [C20-OtBu-Glu- (OtBu) -AEEA-AEEA] -OH, after 1 hour of Oxyma / DIC coupling, the reaction liquid was removed. Subsequently, 3 eq of Fmoc-L-Lys [C20-OtBu-Glu- (OtBu) -AEEA-AEEA] -OH and 3 eq of Oxyma / DIC were added, and the reaction was continued for 1 hour.
[0094] Step 8: Resin Drying. After the final amino acid deprotection and washing, the resin was washed with 6 ml of methanol three times and dried for cleavage.
[0095] Step 9: Resin Cleavage. For the cleavage process, the cleavage reagents used included trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) , 1, 2-ethanedithiol (EDT) , phenol, thioanisole, ether, and water. A 5 mL cleavage solution was added, and the cleavage was performed at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction liquid was then filtered into a tube, and 40 ml of cold ether was added. The mixture was centrifuged to precipitate, and the precipitate was washed with cold ether three times. The centrifuge speed was set to 3000 R / min, and centrifugation was performed for 2 minutes to obtain crude polypeptide solids for purification.
[0096] Step 10: Crude Product Quality Evaluation. For quality control of the crude product, HPLC analysis was conducted using a C18 reverse-phase silica gel column. The column temperature was set to 40℃, and detection wavelengths were 220 nm and 254 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 ml / min, and the auto-sampler injection volume was 5 μL. The mobile phase A consisted of a 0.065%TFA aqueous solution, while the mobile phase B consisted of a 0.05%TFA acetonitrile solution. The detailed HPLC conditions are summarized in Table B-1. Table B-1. HPLC Elution Gradient
[0097] After confirming the quality of the crude product, the crude peptide was dissolved in an acetonitrile / pure water mixture using ultrasound until the sample was clear and transparent. The sample was then filtered using a vacuum filter before loading. C18 gradient elution was performed as set, and the peak shape was determined at a 220 nm wavelength. The liquid was collected in different tubes if there was a significant inflection point; otherwise, tubes were changed as appropriate.
[0098] The purified fractions were then subject to lyophilization and packaging. These fractions were placed into lyophilization trays, covered, and placed in a freeze dryer for lyophilization. After lyophilization, the trays were removed, and the polypeptide samples were weighed and packaged. The samples were then stored at -20℃.
[0099] Samples were sent to quality control for various index tests. After passing the tests, the product was released according to standard procedures. The polypeptide molecular weight was determined using LC / MS. The main pool purity assessed by HPLC and the molecular weights determined by LC-MS of the polypeptides in this patent are listed in Table B-2. HPLC / MS spectra further confirmed the molecular weight and the successful preparation of the target molecules. Table B-2: Purity and Molecular Weights of Different Amylin Analogs Example 2: Activation of Human Calcitonin Receptor (CTR) , Amylin Receptor AMY1R, and AMY3R by Amylin Analogs
[0100] AMY1R, AMY3R, and CTR receptors are functionally GPCRs coupled with Gas proteins. Stimulation of these receptors leads to an increase in intracellular cAMP, which can be detected using standard methods. The in vitro activity of the polypeptides was evaluated by measuring the amount of cAMP formed in cells expressing human CTR, AMY1R, and AMY3R receptors stimulated by the amylin analog polypeptides described in this application. The specific experimental methods are as follows:
[0101] Human bladder cells (UM-UC-3 or UMUC3) were cultured in RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 10%FBS and 1%antibiotic / antifungal solution. Human CTR-pcDNA3.1Hygro (+) DNA plasmid was transfected into UM-UC-3 cells using PEI transfection reagent. After 20 days of selection, CTR-expressing cells were sorted using a flow cytometer with CTR antibody (MAB4614, R&D systems) for subsequent experiments. UM-UC-3 hCTR cells were cultured in RPMI1640 supplemented with 10%FBS, 1%antibiotic / antifungal solution, and 200 μg / mL hygromycin B.
[0102] Human RAMP1-pcDNA3.1-puro was further transfected into UM-UC-3 hCTR clone cells to produce the human AMY1R stable cell line UM-UC-3 AMY1R. The RAMP1 mRNA levels of different clones were detected to confirm the successful construction of the UM-UC-3 AMY1R cell line. Similarly, human RAMP3-pcDNA3.1-puro was further transfected into UM-UC-3 hCTR clone cells to produce the human AMY3R stable cell line. The RAMP3 mRNA levels of different clones were detected to confirm the successful construction of the UM-UC-3 AMY3R cell line. UM-UC-3 hAMY1R and UM-UC-3 hAMY3R cells were cultured in RPMI1640 supplemented with 10%FBS, 1%antibiotic / antifungal solution, 200 μg / mL hygromycin B, and 0.5 mg / mL puromycin.
[0103] The day before the assay, cells were digested and resuspended in medium at 3x105 cells / mL; 100 μL / well of cells were seeded in a 96-well white cell culture plate and incubated overnight at 37℃ in a 5%CO2 incubator. The next day, the cAMP Assay for Small Molecules (DiscoverX, 90-0075SM2) kit was used to measure polypeptide activity according to the manufacturer's instructions. The cAMP Assay for Small Molecules kit was thawed at room temperature, and candidate molecules were diluted in a 2%HSA (Sigma Cat#A3782) gradient, with 10 gradients in total. The cell culture medium was aspirated, and 45 μL of the diluted drug was quickly added to the corresponding positions in the 96-well plate using a multichannel pipette. The plate was incubated at 37℃ for 30 minutes in the dark. For each plate, 20 mL of working cAMP detection solution was prepared by mixing cAMP Lysis Buffer (7.6 mL) , Substrate Reagent 1 (2 mL) , Substrate Reagent 2 (0.4 mL) , and cAMP Solution D (10 mL) . 15 μL of cAMP Antibody Reagent and 60 μL of working cAMP detection solution were added to each well without pipetting, and the plate was incubated at room temperature in the dark for 1 hour. 60 μL of cAMP Solution A was added to each well, and the plate was incubated at room temperature in the dark for 3 hours before reading. GraphPad Prism 10 was used to fit a four-parameter logistic curve to calculate the IC50 values.
[0104] The control COMPOUND A was prepared according to WO / 2022 / 133187 and was used as the reference molecule, with its luminescence value at the highest compound concentration defined as 100%. The Emax%value for each polypeptide was calculated as the ratio of its luminescence value at the highest compound concentration to the luminescence value of COMPOUND A at the highest compound concentration (Emax%= Luminescence of amylin analog at highest concentration / Luminescence of COMPOUND A at highest concentration ×100%) . Table B-3: Comparison of Activation of Human Amylin Receptor and Calcitonin Receptor by Amylin Analogs
[0105] As shown in Table B-3, the amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, and SEQ ID NO: 24 demonstrated superior or similar activity compared to the control molecule COMPOUND A in the reporter cell lines. Example 3: Impacts of Amylin Analogs on Food Intake and Body Weight of Rats
[0106] Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats weighing 200-250g were selected for this experimental study. The male SD rats from Vital River Laboratories were maintained on a regular diet and housed individually in a temperature-controlled facility with a reverse 12: 12 hour light cycle (lights off at 10 AM) . The rats had free access to food and water. The experiment was conducted in three batches.
[0107] In the first batch of the experiment, the initial body weight and food weight of the rats were measured on the morning of the dosing day. Subsequently, the rats received a single subcutaneous injection of either the solvent (20 mM Tris pH8, 50 mg / mL D-mannitol, 0.02%PS 80, 5 mL / kg) or 10 nmol / kg of the amylin analogs (SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 20 and control molecule COMPOUND A) . The real-time body weight changes and food consumption of the rats were manually recorded every 48 hours. The percentage change in body weight was calculated using the formula: Percentage Change in Body Weight = ( (Real-time Body Weight -Initial Body Weight) / Initial Body Weight) × 100%.
[0108] At a dose of 10 nmol / kg, the percentage change in body weight (%) of rats in the amylin analog groups (COMPOUND A, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 20) and the solvent control group (shown as Control in the following FIGs and Tables) over time (days) is shown in FIG. 1A and Table B-4. The trend of food intake over time is shown in FIG. 1B and Table B-5.
[0109] FIG. 1A illustrates the percentage change in body weight of rats treated with amylin analogs COMPOUND A, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 18, and SEQ ID NO: 20 at a concentration of 10nmol / kg compared to the solvent group over time. The data are expressed as mean values and standard error of the mean (SEM) . The percentage change in body weight was calculated by subtracting the body weight of the same animal before the injection of the amylin analog. FIG. 1B shows the trend of food intake over time for the same groups. The data are expressed as mean values and SEM.
[0110] The results in Table B-4 show the percentage change in body weight at 48 hours and 96 hours for the solvent control group (Control) , COMPOUND A, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 18, and SEQ ID NO: 20. The solvent control group had a body weight change rate of 5.94%at 48 hours and 12.33%at 96 hours. In comparison, COMPOUND A showed a body weight change rate of -2.43%at 48 hours and 6.33%at 96 hours. SEQ ID NO: 14 showed -0.53%at 48 hours and 7.34%at 96 hours. SEQ ID NO: 16 showed -6.98%at 48 hours and 4.10%at 96 hours. SEQ ID NO: 18 showed -1.12%at 48 hours and 10.08%at 96 hours. SEQ ID NO: 20 showed 4.35%at 48 hours and 11.47%at 96 hours. Table B-4. Impact of Amylin analogs on body weight
[0111] Table B-5 shows the cumulative food intake from 0 to 48 hours and 0 to 96 hours for the solvent control group (Control) , COMPOUND A, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 18, and SEQ ID NO: 20. Table B-5. Impact of Amylin analogs on food intake
[0112] As shown in the experimental results, under the condition of a single administration with a dosage of 10 nmol / kg, the SD rats groups treated with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 16, and SEQ ID NO: 18 provided herein, and control molecule COMPOUND A showed a decrease in body weight and cumulative food intake relative to the solvent control group. Particularly, the treatment group of amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 16 provided herein demonstrated a superior weight reduction effect and reduced food intake compared to the control molecule COMPOUND A treatment group on the second day (D2) and the fourth day (D4) .
[0113] Using the same method, a second batch of experiments was conducted with a single subcutaneous injection of the solvent (20mM Tris pH8, 50mg / mL D-mannitol, 0.02%PS 80, 5mL / kg) or 10nmol / kg of the amylin analogs (SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 17, and SEQ ID NO: 19) . The percentage change in body weight (%) and food intake over time (days) for rats administered with 10nmol / kg of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 19, and the solvent (Control) are shown in FIG. 2A and Table B-6. FIG. 2B and Table B-7 illustrate the trend of food intake over time.
[0114] FIG. 2A shows the percentage change in body weight of rats treated with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 19, and the control COMPOUND A at a concentration of 10 nmol / kg compared to the solvent group (Control) over time. The data are expressed as mean values and SEM. The percentage change in body weight was calculated by subtracting the body weight of the same animal before the injection of the amylin analog. FIG. 2B shows the trend of food intake over time for the same groups.
[0115] Table B-6 shows the percentage change in body weight at 48 hours and 96 hours for the solvent group (Control) , COMPOUND A, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 17, and SEQ ID NO: 19. Table B-6. Impact of Amylin analogs on body weight
[0116] Table B-7 shows the cumulative food intake from 0 to 48 hours and 0 to 96 hours for the solvent group (Control) , COMPOUND A, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 17, and SEQ ID NO: 19. Table B-7. Impact of Amylin analogs on food intake
[0117] The experimental results indicated that after a single administration with a dosage of 10 nmol / kg, groups treated with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 17, and SEQ ID NO: 19 provided herein, as well as groups treated with the control molecule COMPOUND A, all exhibited a decrease in body weight and cumulative food intake compared to the solvent control group (Control) . Specifically, the treatment groups of amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 17 from this application showed a superior or similar weight reduction effect and reduced food intake compared to the control molecule COMPOUND A treatment group on both the second day (D2) and the fourth day (D4) . The treatment group of amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 19 demonstrated a similar weight reduction effect and reduced food intake compared to the control molecule COMPOUND A on the second day (D2) , but a better weight reduction effect than COMPOUND A on the fourth day (D4) .
[0118] Using the same method as mentioned above, a second batch of experiments was conducted with a single subcutaneous injection of solvent (20 mM Tris pH 8, 50 mg / mL D-mannitol, 0.02%PS 80, 5 mL / kg) or 10 nmol / kg of amylin analogs (SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 24, and control molecule COMPOUND A) . The percentage change in body weight and the trend of food intake over time (days) for rats injected with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 24, control molecule COMPOUND A, and the solvent control group (Control) at 10 nmol / kg are shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B and Tables B-8 and B-9.
[0119] FIG. 3A shows the percentage change in body weight of rats treated with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 24, and the control COMPOUND A at a concentration of 10nmol / kg compared to the solvent group (Control) over time. The data are expressed as mean values and SEM. The percentage change in body weight was calculated by subtracting the body weight of the same animal before the injection of the amylin analogs. FIG. 3B shows the trend of food intake over time for the same groups. Table B-8. Impact of Amylin analogs on body weight Table B-9. Impact of Amylin analogs on food intake
[0120] The experimental results demonstrate that, after a single administration with a dosage of 10 nmol / kg, compared to the solvent control group (Control) , groups treated with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 24, and group treated with the control molecule COMPOUND A all exhibited a reduction in body weight and cumulative food intake. The treatment groups of amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22 demonstrated a superior weight reduction effect and less food intake compared to the control molecule COMPOUND A throughout the entire experimental period (D0-D6) , with the SEQ ID NO: 22 treatment group exhibiting a relatively slower trend of weight rebound. Example 4: In Vivo Efficacy of Amylin Analogs SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 17, COMPOUND A, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 23, and SEQ ID NO: 22 in Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO) Rats
[0121] DIO SD rats were purchased from Vital River Laboratories and maintained on a high-calorie diet to induce obesity for the following study. The DIO rats were housed individually in a temperature-controlled facility (constant temperature of 24℃) with a 12-hour light / dark cycle and had free access to food (D12492, Research Diets) and water. The rats were randomly assigned to groups based on their body weight to ensure similar weights across experimental groups. Each group contained 3 rats.
[0122] The experiment was conducted in two batches. In the first batch, the amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 17 and control molecule COMPOUND A (0.3 nmol / kg) were dissolved in a solvent (20 mM Tris-HCl pH8 + 0.02%PS80) and the solvent (as “Control” group) were administered via subcutaneous injection (5 mL / kg) to the DIO rats 30 to 90 minutes before the start of the dark cycle each day, once daily for 6 days. The first injection day was recorded as Day 0 (D0) . The Body weight was measured daily throughout the study. The percentage change in body weight was calculated by subtracting the body weight of the same animal before the first injection of the compound (Percentage Change in Body Weight = ( (Real-time Body Weight -Initial Body Weight) / Initial Body Weight) × 100%) .
[0123] The weight loss effects (%) of amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 17, and the control molecule COMPOUND A over time are shown in Table B-10 and FIG. 4. The data are expressed as mean values and standard error of the mean (SEM) . As shown in the results, after multiple administrations with a dosage of 0.3 nmol / kg, groups treated with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 15, and SEQ ID NO: 17, as well as group treated with the control molecule COMPOUND A, showed a reduction in body weight compared to the solvent control group (Control) ) . Notably, the groups treated with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 17 exhibited a more significant weight reduction than the group treated with the control molecule COMPOUND A throughout the entire experimental period from Day 0 to Day 6. This indicates that SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 17 are more effective in reducing body weight under these experimental conditions. Table B-10. Impact of Amylin analogs on body weight
[0124] Using similar methods, the weight loss effects of COMPOUND A, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 23, and SEQ ID NO: 22 (0.3 nmol / kg) were evaluated in DIO rats. The weight loss effects (%) of amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 22, and the control COMPOUND A over time are shown in Table B-11 and FIG. 5. As shown in the results, after multiple administration at a dosage of 0.3 nmol / kg, groups treated with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 22, and the group treated with the control molecule COMPOUND A all exhibited a trend of weight reduction compared to the solvent control (Control) . Notably, the groups treated with amylin analogs SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 21, and SEQ ID NO: 22 demonstrated a more significant weight reduction compared to the group treated with the control molecule COMPOUND A throughout the entire experimental period from day 0 to day 6. This suggests that SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 21, and SEQ ID NO: 22 are particularly effective in reducing body weight under these experimental conditions. Table B-11. Impact of Amylin analogs on body weight Example 5: Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Amylin Analog SEQ ID NO: 21 and Cagrilintide after Single Subcutaneous Injection in Cynomolgus Monkeys.
[0125] To evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 and Cagrilintide after a single subcutaneous injection in cynomolgus monkeys, a total of 9 cynomolgus monkeys (weighing 2.8 to 4.7 kg) were used in this experiment and assigned to 3 groups, with two males and one female in each group. The cynomolgus monkeys were administered via subcutaneous injection with either amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 or Cagrilintide (WO2012168430) . The animals had free access to food and water throughout the experiment. The first day of dosing was designated as D1 and the day before dosing was designated as D-1. The study period lasted until the end of D22. All the animals were weighed before dosing. The dosage was calculated according to the animal’s latest body weight. Both the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 and Cagrilintide were administered at a dosage of 20 nmol / kg and a dosing volume of 1 mL / kg. The drug preparation was prepared by accurately weighing the solid sample (corrected by the conversion factor) , then adding the corresponding buffer, and subjecting the mixture to stirring and, if necessary, ultrasonic treatment.
[0126] The samples for pharmacokinetic evaluation were collected at the following time points: before dosing (0 h) and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 240, 336, 408 and 504 h after dosing. The blood samples were collected from the forelimbs or other suitable veins. Approximately 0.5 mL of the whole blood was collected into an anticoagulant tube containing EDTA-K2, gently mixed thoroughly and stored temporarily on wet ice. The blood was centrifuged (4℃, 2600 ×g, 10 min) within one hour after collection. Approximately 200 μL of supernatant plasma was measured, further stored on wet ice, and transferred to an environment at -60℃ or lower within one hour for long-term cryopreservation. All of the samples were marked with the information such as group, animal number, sample type, sampling date and time point. After completion of sampling, the samples were transported to the analytical facility on dry ice. The concentrations of corresponding drugs in plasma were detected by the LC-MS / MS method, and subsequently the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated to provide reference for subsequent experiments. The results are shown in Table B-12 and FIGs. 6 to 7.
[0127] FIG. 6 showed the mean plasma concentrations-time curves of Cagrilintide and the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 at the dosage of 20 nmol / kg. The figure showed the trends of the plasma concentrations of the two substances over time. In the initial phase, the plasma concentrations of the both were comparable. However, over time, the plasma concentration of Cagrilintide declined at a relatively faster rate, whereas the plasma concentration of the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 declined at a relatively slower rate.
[0128] FIG. 7 showed the AUC values of Cagrilintide and the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 at the dosage of 20 nmol / kg. The results showed that the AUC value of the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 was significantly higher than that of Cagrilintide. This suggested that at the same dosage, the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 exhibited a significantly higher in vivo drug exposure as compared to Cagrilintide. Table B-12: Pharmacokinetic Parameters after Dosing Abbreviations: T1 / 2 = half-life, Tmax = time at which the maximum concentration was achieved, Cmax =maximum measured plasma concentration, AUC0-∞ = area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 hours to ∞, CL / F =clearance / bioavailability.
[0129] Table B-12 showed that the half-time (T1 / 2) of the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 was 157%longer than that of Cagrilintide; and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) of the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 was 211%higher than that of Cagrilintide. Example 6: Effect of Repeated Subcutaneous Injections of Amylin Analog SEQ ID NO: 21 and COMPOUND A on Body Weight Change in Cynomolgus Monkeys
[0130] The amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 was administered to cynomolgus monkeys via repeated subcutaneous injections (once a week, for a total of 5 times) to further evaluate the effect of the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 on the body weight loss in cynomolgus monkeys. A total of 15 cynomolgus monkeys were used in this study and assigned to 5 groups based on their initial body weight to ensure similar weights across each experimental group. Each group contained two males and one female. The following experimental groups and control group were designed: three dose groups, i.e. the low-, medium-and high-dose groups (3, 10, and 20 nmol / kg respectively) of the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 and one control group, i.e. the COMPOUND A (20 nmol / kg) group. All the drug preparations were formulated under sterile conditions: the test samples of each compound (corrected by the conversion factor) was accurately weighed and placed in a sterile container; the corresponding vehicle was added, and then the container was gently shaken to mix the materials thoroughly; and the resultant was filtered through a 0.22-μm microporous filter membrane to afford a drug preparation at the desired concentration. The dosing volumes in all groups were 1 mL / kg. The actual injection volume was adjusted based on the most recent body weight of the animals. The drugs were administered via a single subcutaneous injection into the nape of the neck. The dosing frequency was once a week for a total of five consecutive times.
[0131] The body weight was measured for all experimental animals: the body Initial weight was measured once before first administration as the baseline, and then measured twice per week from first administration until the final administration. The results are shown in FIG. 8.
[0132] FIG. 8 showed the body weight change (%) of cynomolgus monkeys in different experimental groups (the solvent control group (Control) , the COMPOUND A 20 nmol / kg group as the control molecule group, and the 3 / 10 / 20 nmol / kg groups of the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21) . Compared with the Initial weight, the average animals body weight of the COMPOUND A group and the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 groups on D4 exhibited different degrees of decline (the average body weight losses in the COMPOUND A group and the low-, medium-and high-dose groups of the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 were -9.69%and -4.52%, -7.92%, and -13.19%, respectively) . And the average body weight was further decreased during D7 to D18 (the maximum average body weight losses in the COMPOUND A group and the low-, medium-and high-dose groups of the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 were -20.08%and -5.81%, -12.81%, and -26.34%, respectively) . From D18, the animals in the above groups exhibited a gradual increasing trend in body weight. Compared to the COMPOUND A group, the the low-, medium-and high-dose groups of the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 showed a relatively slower trend of weight rebound.
[0133] The overall data indicated that the amylin analog SEQ ID NO: 21 groups showed a dose-dependent effect on the body weight loss in cynomolgus monkeys: the 3 nmol / kg group showed a relatively mild fluctuation, the 10 nmol / kg group showed a significant decline in the mid-phase, and the 20 nmol / kg group showed the most significant effect of body weight loss.
Claims
1.A derivative compound of a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHKLESYPRTDVGAESP (SEQ ID NO: 9) ,ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGANSP (SEQ ID NO: 10) ;ASHLSTAVLGTLSHELHKLETYPRTAVGSGSP (SEQ ID NO: 1) ;AibSHLSTAVLGTLSHELHKLETYPRTEVGSGSP (SEQ ID NO: 2) ;AibSHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSGSP (SEQ ID NO: 3) ;ASHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 4) ;ASHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 5) ;AibSHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 6) ;AibSHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 7) ;AibSHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHELETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 8) ;ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHK (meL) EDYPRTDVGAESP (SEQ ID NO: 11) ; andASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGARSP (SEQ ID NO: 12) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein the derivative compound comprises a chemical moiety conjugated to the peptide via a direct bond or a connector.2.The derivative compound of claim 1, wherein the connector is selected from the group consisting of:(a) an amino polyethylene glycol carboxylate of Formula I:H- {NH-CH2-CH2- [O-CH2-CH2] m-O- (CH2) p-CO} n-OH (I) , wherein m is any integer from 1 to 12, n is any integer from 1 to 12, and p is 1 or 2;(b) an amino acid selected from the group consisting of arginine (Arg) , asparagine (Asn) , aspartic acid (Asp) , glutamine (Gln) , glutamic acid (Glu) , histidine (His) , lysine (Lys) , serine (Ser) , threonine (Thr) , citrulline (Cit) , ornithine (Orn) , sarcosine (Sar) , glycine (Gly) , γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-Abu) and γ-glutamic acid (γ-Glu) ;(c) a dipeptide selected from the group consisting of Ala-Ala, β-Ala-β-Ala, Glu-Glu, Gly-Gly, Leu-Leu, Ser-Ser, Thr-Thr, γ-Glu-γ-Glu, Glu-γ-Glu, γ-Glu-Glu, γ-Abu-γ-Abu, 6-aminohexanoic acid-6-aminohexanoic acid, 5-aminovaleric acid-5-aminovaleric acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid-7-aminoheptanoic acid and 8-aminooctanoic acid-8-aminooctanoic acid;(d) a tripeptide selected from the group consisting of Ala-Ala-Ala, β-Ala-β-Ala-β-Ala, Glu-Glu-Glu, γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu, Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu, γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Glu, γ-Glu-Glu-γ-Glu, Gly-Gly-Gly, Gly-Gly-Ser, Ser-Gly-Gly, Gly-Ser-Gly, Gly-Gly-Glu, Glu-Gly-Gly, Gly-Glu-Gly, Gly-Gly-γ-Glu, γ-Glu-Gly-Gly, Gly-γ-Glu-Gly, Leu-Leu-Leu and γ-Abu-γ-Abu-γ-Abu;(e) a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of (Gly-Gly-Ser) q (Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser) r (SEQ ID NO: 25) and (Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser) r (SEQ ID NO: 26) , (6-aminohexanoic acid) s, (5-aminovaleric acid) s, (7-aminoheptanoic acid) s, and (8-aminooctanoic acid) s, where q is any integer from 2 to 5, r is any integer from 1 to 3, and s is any integer from 4 to 15;(f) a conjugate connector wherein an amino polyethylene glycol carboxylate of Formula I as defined in (a) is conjugated with:(i) an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Arg, Asn, Asp, Gln, Glu, His, Lys, Ser, Thr, Cit, Orn, Sar, Gly, γ-Abu and γ-Glu;(ii) a dipeptide selected from the group consisting of Ala-Ala, β-Ala-β-Ala, Glu-Glu, Gly-Gly, Leu-Leu, Ser-Ser, Thr-Thr, γ-Glu-γ-Glu, Glu-γ-Glu, γ-Glu-Glu, γ-Abu-γ-Abu, 6-aminohexanoic acid-6-aminohexanoic acid, 5-aminovaleric acid-5-aminovaleric acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid-7-aminoheptanoic acid and 8-aminooctanoic acid-8-aminooctanoic acid;(iii) a tripeptide selected from the group consisting of Ala-Ala-Ala, β-Ala-β-Ala-β-Ala, Glu-Glu-Glu, γ-Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu, Glu-γ-Glu-γ-Glu, γ-Glu-γ-Glu-Glu, γ-Glu-Glu-γ-Glu, Gly-Gly-Gly, Gly-Gly-Ser, Ser-Gly-Gly, Gly-Ser-Gly, Gly-Gly-Glu, Glu-Gly-Gly, Gly-Glu-Gly, Gly-Gly-γ-Glu, γ-Glu-Gly-Gly, Gly-γ-Glu-Gly, Leu-Leu-Leu and γ-Abu-γ-Abu-γ-Abu; or(iv) a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of (Gly-Gly-Ser) q (Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser) r (SEQ ID NO: 25) and (Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser) r (SEQ ID NO: 26) , (6-aminohexanoic acid) s, (5-aminovaleric acid) s, (7-aminoheptanoic acid) s, and (8-aminooctanoic acid) s, where q is any integer from 2 to 5, r is any integer from 1 to 3, and s is any integer from 4 to 15.3.The derivative compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the connector is ( [2- (2-aminoethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) or ( [2- (2-aminoethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) 2.4.The derivative compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the chemical moiety is a peptide mimetic or fatty acid.5.The derivative compound of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the chemical moiety is C14-C24 fatty acid.6.The derivative compound of claim 5, wherein the fatty acid is a saturated monoacid or saturated diacid selected from the group consisting of myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid) (C14 monoacid) , tetradecanedioic acid (C14 diacid) , palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid) (C16 monoacid) , hexadecanedioic acid (C16 diacid) , margaric acid (hepiadecanoic acid) (C17 monoacid) , heptadecanedioic acid (C17 diacid) , stearic acid (octadecanoic acid) (C18 monoacid) , octadecanedioic acid (C18 diacid) , nonadecylic acid (nonadecanoic acid) (C19 monoacid) , nonadecanedioic acid (C19 diacid) , arachadic acid (eicosanoic acid) (C20 monoacid) , eicosanedioic acid (C20 diacid) , heneicosylic acid (heneicosanoic acid) (C21 monoacid) , heneicosanedioic acid (C21 diacid) , behenic acid (docosanoic acid) (C22) , docosanedioic acid (C22 diacid) , lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid) (C24 monoacid) and tetracosanedioic acid (C24 diacid) .7.The derivative compound of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the chemical moiety is conjugated to the epsilon-amino group of any Lysine.8.The derivative compound of claim 7, wherein (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γGlu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H is conjugated to the Lysine at position 11 of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 12; or at position 18 of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 6.9.The derivative compound of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the N-terminal amino acid of the peptide is acetylated.10.The derivative compound of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the C-terminal amino acid of the peptide is amidated.11.A compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHKLESYPRTDVGAESP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 21) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.12.A compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGANSP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 22) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.13.A compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGTLSHELHK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LETYPRTAVGSGSP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 13) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.14.A compound comprising: AibSHLSTAVLGTLSHELHK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LETYPRTEVGSGSP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 14) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.15.A compound comprising: AibSHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSGSP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 15) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.16.A compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.17.A compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.18.A compound comprising: AibSHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.19.A compound comprising: AibSHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.20.A compound comprising: AibSHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LSAibELHELETYPRTEVGSNTP–NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 20) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.21.A compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHK (meL) EDYPRTDVGAESP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 23) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.22.A compound comprising: Acetyl-ASHLSTAVLGK ( (2- [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γ-Glu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H) LS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGARSP-NH2 (SEQ ID NO: 24) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.23.A peptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHKLESYPRTDVGAESP (SEQ ID NO: 9) ;ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGANSP (SEQ ID NO: 10) ;ASHLSTAVLGTLSHELHKLETYPRTAVGSGSP (SEQ ID NO: 1) ;AibSHLSTAVLGTLSHELHKLETYPRTEVGSGSP (SEQ ID NO: 2) ;AibSHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSGSP (SEQ ID NO: 3) ;ASHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 4) ;ASHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 5) ;AibSHLSTAVLGTLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 6) ;AibSHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHKLETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 7) ;AibSHLSTAVLGKLSAibELHELETYPRTEVGSNTP (SEQ ID NO: 8) ;ASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHK (meL) EDYPRTDVGAESP (SEQ ID NO: 11) ; andASHLSTAVLGKLS-Aib-ELHKLEDYPRTDVGARSP (SEQ ID NO: 12) .24.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the peptide of claim 23, or the compound of any one of claims 1-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.25.A method of treating a condition in a patient in need thereof, selected from the group consisting of clinical or pre-clinical overweight or obesity, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) , dyslipidemia, and cognitive impairment, such as that caused by Alzheimer’s disease, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of the peptide of claim 23, or the compound of any one of claims 1-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.26.A method of treating Type 2 diabetes in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of the peptide of claim 23, or the compound of any one of claims 1-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.27.A method of treating overweight or obesity in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of the peptide of claim 23, or the compound of any one of claims 1-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.28.A method of treating dyslipidemia in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of the peptide of claim 23, or the compound of any one of claims 1-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.29.A method of treating NASH in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of the peptide of claim 23, or the compound of any one of claims 1-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.30.A method of lowering food intake in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of the peptide of claim 23, or the compound of any one of claims 1-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.31.A method of lowering body weight in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of the peptide of claim 23, or the compound of any one of claims 1-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.32.A method of lowering blood glucose in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of the peptide of claim 23, or the compound of any one of claims 1-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.33.A method of lowering triglycerides in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of the peptide of claim 23, or the compound of any one of claims 1-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.34.A method of lowering insulin level in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of the peptide of claim 23, or the compound of any one of claims 1-22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 24.35.Use of the compound of any one of claims 1-22, or the peptide of claim 23 in the manufacture of a medicament for therapy.