Method, system and related apparatuses for wireless sensing in communication networks
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-06
Smart Images

Figure CN2025076067_06082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, SYSTEM AND RELATED APPARATUSES FOR WIRELESS SENSING IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 727,013, filed on December 02, 2024. The disclosure of the above patent application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a communication method, system and related apparatuses for wireless sensing in communication networks.BACKGROUND
[0003] New use cases in future generation wireless communication systems require stringent sensing key performance indicators (KPIs) in terms of high accuracy / reliability, low latency / update rate, low-power requirements and availability. High accuracy sensing information helps boost up communication and positioning performance and capabilities of sensing and communication services. Such level of sensing accuracy required advance technologies and by far, existing communication systems can neither support or provide such level of sensing information (orientation, shapes, maps, etc. ) nor meet most of the stringent KPIs for sensing. Moreover, 6G wireless sensing relies on analyzing the transmissions, reflections, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Utilizing sensing assistance information (e.g., map, user equipment (UE) position or velocity information) can also be beneficial to improve the sensing performance.
[0004] In some scenarios, for example the mono-static sensing, the sensing performance needs to be further improved.
[0005] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any one of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0006] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to exploiting the information obtained from the sensing target or the ghost target to improve the sensing performance for the actual target.
[0007] In a first aspect, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method performed by a first device is provided. The method includes: receiving assistance information related to one or more targets; receiving location information comprising a location of each of one or more positioning reference points; receiving a sensing signal from a second device; and transmitting a sensing result, wherein the sensing result is determined based on the assistance information and the location information.
[0008] In an example process, the third device may transmit assistance information related to one or more targets to the first device, the third device may transmit location information comprising a location of each of one or more positioning reference points to the first device, the second device may transmit a sensing signal to the first device, after receiving the assistance information, location information, and the sensing signal, the first device may determine a sensing result based on the assistance information and the location information. At the third device side, the third device may receive the sensing result sent from the first device. Since the assistance information is related to one or more targets, the sensing performance can be improved, and the sensing time and latency of the sensing service may be reduced.
[0009] In an implementation of the first aspect, the one or more targets include a sensing target and wherein the assistance information includes expected characteristics related to the sensing target. In some cases, the assistance information may include statistics data related to the sensing target which may include a range or a window of measurements for enabling the sensing receiver identify measurements related to the sensing target. Accordingly, the first device, when processing the measurements, identifies that measurements outside the range or window of measurements indicated in the assistance data, are associated with ghost targets and processes the sensing information related to the sensing target accordingly.
[0010] In an implementation of the first aspect, the one or more targets include one or more ghost targets, wherein the assistance information includes expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets. In some cases, the assistance information may include assistance data related to the ghost targets that is aimed to help the sensing receiver identify the attributes or characteristics of the ghost targets by matching the attributes of the received multipath signals and the expected ghost target data.
[0011] In an implementation of the first aspect, the assistance information is determined based on at least one of a coarse position of the sensing target, a position of the second device, a position of the first device, or an environmental map.
[0012] In an implementation of the first aspect, the expected characteristics related to the sensing target include coarse measurements related to at least one of an angle of arrival (AOA) , an angle of departure (AOD) , a delay, or a power of signals related to the sensing target.
[0013] In an implementation of the first aspect, the expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets include coarse measurements related to at least one of an AOA, an AOD, a delay, or a power of signals related to the one or more ghost targets.
[0014] In an implementation of the first aspect, the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the first device, wherein the location information further comprises a location of the second device.
[0015] In an implementation of the first aspect, the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the second device.
[0016] In an implementation of the first aspect, the assistance information comprises an indication of a path related to the one or more ghost targets, wherein the indication comprises at least one of a line-of-sight (LOS) indication or a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) indication, and wherein the indication of the path is used to identify a type of the one or more ghost targets.
[0017] In an implementation of the first aspect, transmitting the sensing result comprises: performing multi-path measurements on the received sensing signal; and transmitting the sensing result related to the sensing target based on the multi-path measurements.
[0018] In an implementation of the first aspect, transmitting the sensing result comprises transmitting sensing measurements related to the sensing target.
[0019] In an implementation of the first aspect, transmitting the sensing measurements comprises transmitting a line of position of the sensing target. In this method, the position information of the sensing target is calculated by the third device.
[0020] In an implementation of the first aspect, transmitting the line of position of the sensing target comprises performing angle of arrival (AoA) measurements based on the assistance information and the location information. In this method, the position information of the sensing target is calculated by the third device.
[0021] In an implementation of the first aspect, transmitting the sensing result comprises transmitting position information of the sensing target. In this method, the position information of the sensing target is calculated by the first device.
[0022] In an implementation of the first aspect, transmitting the sensing result comprises reporting an AoA of the received sensing signal and the line of position of the sensing target. In this method, the position information of the sensing target is calculated by the third device.
[0023] In an implementation of the first aspect, the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the first device and the location of the second device, and a line of position related to an AoA estimated at the first device. In this method, the sensing performance may be improved, the positioning precision of the sensing target is enhanced, and the time synchronization error is minimized by employing AoA measurements, and the location of the STx and the SRx only for the sensing target positioning.
[0024] In an implementation of the first aspect, the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the second device and a location of the first device, and a line of position related to an expected AoA estimated at the first device. In this method, the sensing performance may be improved, the positioning precision of the sensing target is enhanced, and the time synchronization error is minimized by employing AoA measurements, and the location of the STx and the SRx only for the sensing target positioning.
[0025] In a second aspect, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method performed by a third device is provided. The method includes: transmitting assistance information related to one or more targets; transmitting location information comprising a location of each of one or more positioning reference points; and receiving a sensing result from a first device, wherein the sensing result is determined based on the assistance information and the location information.
[0026] In an example sensing process, the third device may transmit assistance information related to one or more targets to the first device, the third device may transmit location information comprising a location of each of one or more positioning reference points to the first device, the second device may transmit a sensing signal to the first device, after receiving the assistance information, location information, and the sensing signal, the first device may determine a sensing result based on the assistance information and the location information. At the third device side, the third device may receive the sensing result sent from the first device. Since the assistance information is related to one or more targets, the sensing performance can be improved, and the sensing time and latency of the sensing service may be reduced.
[0027] In an implementation of the second aspect, the one or more targets include a sensing target and wherein the assistance information includes expected characteristics related to the sensing target.
[0028] In an implementation of the second aspect, the one or more targets include one or more ghost targets, wherein the assistance information includes expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets.
[0029] In an implementation of the second aspect, the assistance information is determined based on at least one of a coarse position of the sensing target, a position of a second device, a position of the first device, or an environmental map.
[0030] In an implementation of the second aspect, the expected characteristics related to the sensing target include coarse measurements related to at least one of an angle of arrival (AOA) , an angle of departure (AOD) , a delay, or a power of signals related to the sensing target.
[0031] In an implementation of the second aspect, the expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets include coarse measurements related to at least one of an AOA, an AOD, a delay, or a power of signals related to the one or more ghost targets.
[0032] In an implementation of the second aspect, the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the first device, wherein the location information further comprises a location of the second device.
[0033] In an implementation of the second aspect, the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the second device.
[0034] In an implementation of the second aspect, the assistance information comprises an indication of a path related to the one or more ghost targets, wherein the indication comprises at least one of a line-of-sight (LOS) indication or a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) indication, and wherein the indication is used to identify a type of the one or more ghost targets.
[0035] In an implementation of the second aspect, receiving the sensing result comprises: receiving the sensing result related to the sensing target based on multi-path measurements performed on a sensing signal received by the first device.
[0036] In an implementation of the second aspect, receiving the sensing result comprises receiving sensing measurements related to the sensing target.
[0037] In an implementation of the second aspect, receiving the sensing measurements comprises receiving a line of position of the sensing target.
[0038] In an implementation of the second aspect, the line of position of the sensing target is obtained by performing angle of arrival (AoA) measurements based on the assistance information and the location information.
[0039] In an implementation of the second aspect, receiving the sensing result comprises receiving position information of the sensing target.
[0040] In an implementation of the second aspect, receiving the sensing result comprises receiving an AoA of the received sensing signal and the line of position of the sensing target.
[0041] In an implementation of the second aspect, the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the first device and the location of the second device, and a line of position related to an AoA estimated at the first device.
[0042] In an implementation of the second aspect, the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the second device and a location of the first device, and a line of position related to an expected AoA estimated at the first device.
[0043] In a third aspect, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device is provided. The first device may include various modules configured to execute the method according to the first aspect or any implementations of the first aspect.
[0044] In a fourth aspect, according to an implementation of the present disclosure, a third device is provided. The third device may include various modules configured to execute the method according to the second aspect or any implementations of the second aspect.
[0045] In a fifth aspect, according to an implementation of the present disclosure, a first device is provided. The first device may include at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to execute the method according to the first aspect or any implementations of the first aspect.
[0046] In a sixth aspect, according to an implementation of the present disclosure, a third device is provided. The third device may include at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to execute the method according to the second aspect or any implementations of the second aspect.
[0047] In a seventh aspect, according to an implementation of the present disclosure, a communication system is provided. The communication system may include a first device according to the third aspect or the fifth aspect and a third device according to the fourth aspect or the sixth aspect.
[0048] In an eighth aspect, according to an implementation of the present disclosure, a computing device cluster is provided. The computing device cluster may include a processing circuitry for performing the method according to the first aspect or any implementations of the first aspect or the method according to the second aspect or any implementations of the second aspect.
[0049] In a ninth aspect, according to an implementation of the present disclosure, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product may include computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any implementations of the first aspect or the method according to the second aspect or any implementations of the second aspect.
[0050] In a tenth aspect, according to an implementation of the present disclosure, a computer program is provided. The computer program may include computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any implementations of the first aspect or the method according to the second aspect or any implementations of the second aspect.
[0051] In an eleventh aspect, according to an implementation of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may include computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any implementations of the first aspect or the method according to the second aspect or any implementations of the second aspect.
[0052] In a twelfth aspect, according to an implementation of the present disclosure, a chip is provided. The chip may include an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and run computer-executable instructions stored in a memory, to enable a device, in which the chip is present, to execute the method according to the method according to the first aspect or any implementations of the first aspect or the method according to the second aspect or any implementations of the second aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0053] Reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings which show example embodiments of the present disclosure, and in which:
[0054] FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of another example communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0056] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus in a communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0057] FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration an apparatus in a communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0058] FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration an apparatus in a communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0059] FIG. 6 is an illustration of the effect of an example environment in creating ghost targets due to the different multipath channel components according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0060] FIG. 7 is an illustration of possible power delay profiles of a received sensing signal at the sensing receiver according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0061] FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0062] FIG. 9 is an illustration of an example process for exploiting the SRx ghost target to determine the position information of a sensing target according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0063] FIG. 10 is an illustration of an example process for exploiting the STx ghost target to determine the position information of a sensing target according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0064] FIGS. 11A and 11B are schematic flowcharts of methods according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0065] FIGS. 12A and 12B are schematic flowcharts of methods according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0066] FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a first device according to one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0067] FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a third device according to one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0068] FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0069] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0070] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures, which form part of the present disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific aspects of one or more embodiments or examples of the present disclosure or specific aspects in which one or more embodiments or examples of the present disclosure may be used. It is understood that the embodiments or examples of the present disclosure may be used in other aspects and include structural or logical changes that may not be depicted in the figures. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
[0071] Examples of wireless communication systems and devices are described below.
[0072] FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 may include a radio access network 120. The radio access network (RAN) 120 may be a future generation radio access network, or a legacy (such as 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) ) radio access network, the RAN 120 may be a network using another radio access technology. In some implementations, radio access refers to a future generation air interface of standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) , and more details will be described below. One or more communication electronic device (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (generically referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. A core network (CN) 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. The communication system 100 may also include a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0073] In general, the communication system 100 enables communication of multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast, groupcast, unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0074] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services, massive machine type communication (mMTC) services, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, massive communication, Hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0075] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network including multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0076] FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of another example communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As described earlier, the communication system 100 may include EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , RAN 120a, 120b, and one or more of a CN 130, a PSTN 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160. In addition, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a, 120b may include respective network nodes 170a, 170b such as base stations 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b (generically referred to as 170) . As referred to herein, the terms “TRP” and “base station” may be used interchangeably unless explicitly noted otherwise in a given example or section. For brevity, this disclosure may primarily refer to base station; however, absent an explicit limitation, references to TRP are merely non-limiting instances of interchangeable use. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as base station 172, which may be generically referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0077] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0078] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered to be a radio access network (RAN) , with operational aspects in common with the RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device, the at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, which communicates with the ED 110 via the non-terrestrial network device. In addition, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (i.e., referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device to communicate with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located in the same device.
[0079] A base station (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) 170 may be a network element in radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the user equipment. Base station 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. When a base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the base station.
[0080] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cells. A cell may be a radio network object that can be uniquely identified from a (cell) identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some implementations, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some implementations, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is an example only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0081] Any base station may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or may be included in a same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may also have different names, but a person skilled in the art may understand meanings thereof. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may also be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may also be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may also be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented by using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0082] Further, communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses in various embodiments of this application may refer to direct communication between different devices / apparatuses (that is, no forwarding is required by another device / apparatuses) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, forwarding is required by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may refer to that a functional unit inside the device / apparatus uses another functional unit in the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, "sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) " in this application may be understood as that a destination endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station. It may include sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, "receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as that a source endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station, and may include directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Necessary processing such as format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. Similar descriptions in this application may be understood similarly. Details are not described herein again. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application.
[0083] The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0084] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0085] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0086] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110a, 110d may communicate an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0087] An air interface (such as 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as ED and base station. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology.
[0088] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0089] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) .
[0090] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by CN 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0091] In addition, the communication system 100 may include a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170 a-170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170 a-b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170 a-b, 172) .
[0092] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus in a communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, which specifically illustrates an example of an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 in a communication system (such as the communication system 100) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (such as network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although there is only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or 320 could be one or more. For example, one ED 110 may be served by only one T-TRP 170 (or one NT-TRP 172) , by more than one T-TRP 170 (or more than one NT-TRP 172) . One ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRP 170 and one or more NT-TRP172. Similarly, one T-TRP 170 (or one NT-TRP172) may serve one or more ED 110.
[0093] Apparatus 310 includes at least one processor 210. Only one processor 210 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include at least one memory 208. Only the transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0094] The memory 208 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also store data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processor 210.
[0095] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, and / or for network interface communications. Suitable structures include, for example, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, etc.
[0096] The processor 210 may perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform receiving transport blocks (TBs) , using a resource for decoding of one of the received TBs, releasing the resource for decoding of another of the received TBs, and / or receiving configuration information configuring a resource. In detail, the operation may include those operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320; those operations related to processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320; and those operations related to processing SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0097] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or part of the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0098] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0099] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated to in the figure) . The apparatus 320 may further include at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include at least one memory 258. The apparatus 320 may further include scheduler 253. Only the transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0100] In some implementations, the parts of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remote from the equipment that houses the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (thereby also can be viewed as one or more nodes) , and may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to nodes on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatus 320s. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or the use of ORAN system as described above in the application.
[0101] The processor 260 performs operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (such as multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 also generates an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 performs other network side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling, such as to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer in addition to physical layer processing. The apparatus 320 may further include scheduler 253 coupled to the processor 260 or integrated in the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the apparatus 320a. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0102] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 storing instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0103] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or part of the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0104] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0105] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0106] Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a-b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher layer signaling may be radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0107] It should be noted that in present application, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0108] FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus (e.g., an apparatus 410) in a communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a-170b, 172. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may include one or more integrated circuits or include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module in the ED 110, or the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module in one of the TRPs 170a-170b, 172, or apparatus 320.
[0109] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors / processor cores 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors / processor cores 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors (or processor cores) 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors / processor cores 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors / processor cores 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors (or processor cores) 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with other apparatus / system such as a radio frequency processing apparatus, or processor system. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors (or processor cores) , a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0110] Apparatus 410 may be processor 210 (or 260) in apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or included in processor 210 (or 260) in apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. Apparatus 410 may be or include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0111] FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration an apparatus in a communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, which illustrates an example of apparatus 510. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or embodiments described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0112] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 is the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0113] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0114] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0115] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, for example, a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system that is in the chip and that includes one or more processors or processor cores. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the foregoing chip.
[0116] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into one functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into one physical entity, or may be distributed in different physical entities. In addition, the foregoing functional units may be implemented in a form of hardware, may be implemented in a form of software, or may be implemented in a form of a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is performed in a form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this application.
[0117] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the foregoing apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (central processing units, CPUs) , one or more microprocessors (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (digital signal processors, DSP) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (field programmable gate arrays, FPGAs) , or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
[0118] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0119] A processor, a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core may be collectively referred to as a processor. The processor may include one or a combination of a central processing unit (CPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , a microprocessor (microprocessor unit, MPU) , a microcontroller (microcontroller unit, MCU) , a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , an artificial intelligence processor (AI processor) , or a neural network processing unit (NPU) .
[0120] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magneto-resistive random access memory (magneto-resistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0121] Line-of-sight (LOS) condition is beneficial in classical sensing applications (e.g., radar systems) as a favorable channel condition. However, the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition may be a dominant channel condition in cellular communication which introduces large biases in the sensing information. The sensing channel may be characterized as a multipath channel with echoes from a sensing target (ST) , the environment object (EO) , a sensing transmitter (STx) background and a sensing receiver (SRx) background. The STx background mainly relates to clutter in STx environment, and the SRx background mainly relates to clutter in SRx environment. NLOS may be dominated by either 1 bounce (at environment object or a sensing target) or 2 bounces.
[0122] FIG. 6 is an illustration of the effect of an example environment in creating ghost targets due to the different multipath channel components according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, which illustrates a sensing scenario system model with a car as a sensing target. FIG. 7 is an illustration of possible power delay profiles of a received sensing signal at the sensing receiver according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, which illustrates expected power delay profile for the described scenario in FIG. 6.
[0123] For sensing passive targets, as is shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, NLOS has many components: STx-EO-SRx (most unfavorable or undesirable component, one bounce, relatively with a similar delay, high power, or high radar cross section (RCS) ) ; STx-ST-SRx (most desired component since it contains relevant information about the target) ; STx-Stochastic clutter (SC) -SRx (this component is random, stochastic, and relatively has low power) ; STx-EO-ST-SRx (unfavorable, relatively with a similar delay, high power, or high RCS) ; STx-ST-EO-SRx (Detrimental, relatively closer in delay, high power, or high RCS) ; STx-SC-ST-SRx (random, stochastic, and has low power) ; STx-ST-SC-SRx (random, stochastic, and has low power) .
[0124] These multipaths deteriorate the sensing results by producing multiple ghost targets.
[0125] Based on the aforementioned NLOS components, the ghost targets may be classified into two categories: target-dependent ghost targets, and target-independent ghost targets. Target-dependent ghost targets are generated by the target itself, i.e., STx-EO-ST-SRx or STx-ST-EO-SRx. In addition, the STx-SC-ST-SRx or STx-ST-SC-SRx listed above also belong to target-dependent ghost targets, however, in terms of power, the STx-SC-ST-SRx or STx-ST-SC-SRx are assumed to be weak, and the STx-SC-ST-SRx or STx-ST-SC-SRx may not cause significant bias or error. On the other hand, the target-independent ghost targets are those that are generated without the involvement of the sensing target, i.e. STx-EO-SRx or STx-SC-SRx.
[0126] In existing solutions, de-ghosting algorithms are used in mono-static sensing to identify ghost targets and these algorithms utilize the orientation of the STx, the fact that the STx and the SRx are collocated and similarity of AoD and AoA, to identify a target direction or component. These algorithms are utilized in radar technology to remove the ghost targets. These existing solutions are aimed towards the detection and cancelation of the ghost targets.
[0127] Existing solutions are directed towards detecting the ghost targets and methods of canceling or removing the ghost targets, while in terms of information theory, these ghost targets can provide informative data about the actual sensing target. Moreover, in several sensing applications, sufficient information is not available for sensing a target. For example, utilizing STx-ST-SRx may provide only a single line of position, while at least two lines of position may be needed to position the sensing target.
[0128] A drawback of NLOS in target sensing is the presence of ghost targets (targets that appear at undesired locations in data such as, but not limited to, radar data or sensing data, and are created due to the presence of multiple indirect reflections between the STx and the SRx) .
[0129] De-ghosting algorithms in mono-static sensing utilize the orientation of the STx, the fact that STx and SRx are collocated and similarity of AoD and AoA to identify a target direction or component, while MIMO signal processing allows forming a larger virtual array for angle finding.
[0130] Additionally, de-ghosting algorithms in bi-static sensing may not be efficient and may be more challenging due to the different orientations and locations of the STx and the SRx, and therefore only the LOS component can be identified. In this sensing technique, hypothesis testing may be used to check whether a target component belongs to NLOS or not.
[0131] Furthermore, 5G positioning may only provide coarse information about the existence of NLOS components with a binary or soft indication per transmit receive point (TRP) or per resource.
[0132] Although target-dependent ghost targets are unfavorable and can be treated like interference, they may still have relevant information about the target that can be exploited. Thus, aspects of the present disclosure relate to enhancing sensing performance by utilizing the STx-EO-ST-SRx (NLOS-LOS) and STx-ST-EO-SRx (LOS-NLOS) components. Moreover, the SRx utilizes the information and / or measurements related to the characteristics of the ghost targets and utilizes the information and / or measurements to obtain relevant information about the targets. Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to methods for calculating one or more lines of position to improve the sensing target positioning. These aspects include reporting AoA and the accurate position of the STx and the SRx along with their corresponding virtual positions.
[0133] Aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable in scenarios where the channel environment is contaminated with different levels of clutter. Some of the terms involved in the present disclosure are explained below.
[0134] Sensing Target: Refers to specific objects that the network’s sensing capabilities aim to detect, identify, or monitor.
[0135] Clutter: Clutter is the unwanted return signals (echoes) in electronic systems.
[0136] vTP: Virtual transmission point is a passive position that is created by a reflecting surface (e.g., an environmental object (EO) ) . This position indicates an apparent originating point of a received reflecting signal. For the purposes of the present disclosure, vTP may also be referred to as “positioning reference point” or “anchor” or “anchor point” whose location is dependent on the location of the actual sensing transmitter (STx) and an EO.
[0137] Sensing Management Function (SeMF) : The SeMF is a physical or a logical network entity that orchestrates the three different NLOS-bias measuring and reporting procedures. The key functions of the SeMF include, but are not limited to: (i) managing the time and frequency resources and configurations of the positioning signals, (ii) assigning the reference points (RPs) at each sub-area, (iii) Sending / receiving the configurations of positioning signals / sensing signals to / from the RP, SRx and target UEs and (iv) Receiving feedback about the estimated target UE position.
[0138] Sensing Tx (STx) : It is a physical device responsible for emitting signals that interact with the environment or target objects, enabling the system (e.g., a positioning and sensing system) to gather information about them. Unlike traditional transmitters focused solely on communication, a sensing Tx serves a dual purpose: it transmits data while also enabling the network (e.g., a positioning and sensing network) to sense physical environments or detect specific targets.
[0139] STx_vTP: Virtual transmission point is a passive position that is created by a reflecting surface. This position indicates an apparent originating point of a received reflecting signal.
[0140] Sensing Rx (SRx) : It is a physical device responsible for capturing and interpreting signals that have interacted with environment or the sensing targets after being transmitted by the sensing Tx (STx) . By analyzing these received signals, the sensing Rx can extract valuable information about its physical surroundings, such as, but not limited to, the location, speed, or even material properties of the objects, as well as human activity or gestures.
[0141] SRx_vTP: Virtual receiver point is a passive position that is created by a reflecting surface. This position indicates an apparent originating point of a received reflecting signal.
[0142] Sensing Target (ST) : It refers to specific objects that the network’s sensing capabilities aim, to detect, identify, or monitor. Sensing target in future generation communication systems can range from environmental conditions, such as, but not limited to, temperature or humidity, to complex scenes, such as, but not limited to, tracking vehicles, detecting human gestures, or monitoring integrity of infrastructures.
[0143] Ghost Target (GT) : Ghost targets are unreal targets that appear at undesirable locations in data such as, but not limited to, radar data or sensing data and are caused by the presence of multiple indirect reflections between the sensing transmitter (STx) and the sensing receiver (SRx) .
[0144] The present disclosure introduces methods of improving the sensing performance by using sensing target information or ghost target information. Furthermore, in addition to facilitating high accuracy target positioning, the methods proposed in the present disclosure may use only AoA, STx, and SRx positions making the solution time synchronization error independent. Synchronization error is an inevitable problem in positioning because it can be translated to a huge positioning error. Therefore, using only AoA measurements and the actual positions of the STx and the SRx for positioning a sensing target, can be beneficial.
[0145] In terms of the SRx behavior, this method requires feedback to be reported by the SRx.
[0146] FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a first device, and may be applied to a communication system (e.g., a positioning and sensing network) including a first device (e.g., a sensing receiver) , a second device (e.g., a sensing transmitter) , and a third device (e.g., an SeMF) . Referring to FIG. 8, the method may include the following steps.
[0147] At step 801, the first device receives assistance information related to one or more targets from the third device.
[0148] In some cases, assistance information related to one or more targets comprises information that helps the first device identify a sensing target or a type of the ghost target.
[0149] In an implementation, the one or more targets may include a sensing target and wherein the assistance information comprises expected characteristics related to the sensing target. In some cases, the assistance information may include statistics data related to the sensing target which may include a range or a window of measurements for enabling the sensing receiver to identify measurements related to the sensing target. Accordingly, the first device, when processing the measurements, identifies that measurements outside the range or window of measurements indicated in the assistance information, are associated with ghost targets and processes the sensing information related to the sensing target accordingly.
[0150] In an implementation, the one or more targets may include one or more ghost targets, wherein the assistance information comprises expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets. In some cases, the assistance information may include assistance data related to the ghost targets that is aimed to help the sensing receiver identify the attributes or characteristics of the ghost targets by matching the attributes of the received multipath signals and the expected ghost target data.
[0151] In an implementation, the assistance information may be determined based on at least one of a coarse position of the sensing target, a position of the second device, a position of the first device, or an environmental map (e.g., a map of the environment) . In some cases, the assistance information may be predicted based on at least one of a coarse position of the sensing target, a position of the second device, a position of the first device, or an environmental map.
[0152] In an implementation, the expected characteristics related to the sensing target may include coarse measurements related to at least one of an angle of arrival (AOA) , an angle of departure (AOD) , a delay, or a power of signals related to the sensing target. In some cases, the coarse measurements may include one or more attributes or characteristics of the sensing targets, such as an AOA, an AOD, a power and a relative time difference (RTD) .
[0153] In an implementation, the expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets may include coarse measurements related to at least one of an AOA, an AOD, a delay, or a power of signals related to the one or more ghost targets. In some cases, the coarse measurements may include one or more attributes or characteristics of expected ghost targets, such as an expected AOA, an expected AOD, an expected power and an expected relative time difference (RTD) .
[0154] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to ghost target assistance data (e.g., the expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets mentioned above) being signaled as a part of sensing assistance data (e.g., the assistance information related to one or more targets mentioned above) to help the sensing receiver (e.g., the first device mentioned above) to identify the ghost targets from real intended sensing targets.
[0155] In some implementations, the ghost target assistance data may be divided into two groups concatenated together into one list. The first group is related to the attributes of target-independent ghost targets, i.e., AODs, AOAs, RTDs and power of TX-EO-RX echoes. The second group is related to the attributes of the target-dependent ghost targets i.e., AODs, AOAs, RTDs and power of TX-EO-ST-RX and TX-ST-EO-RX echoes. Maximum numbers of ghost targets per group is defined based on the processing capabilities of the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver.
[0156] In an implementation, the assistance information comprises an indication of a path related to the one or more ghost targets, wherein the indication comprises at least one of a line-of-sight (LOS) indication or a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) indication, and wherein the indication of the path is used to identify a type of the one or more ghost targets. After receiving the indication of the path, the first device may identify the one or more ghost targets based on the indication of the path. In general, the indication of the path provides information about the type of the ghost target. In other words, the indication of the path is used for identify different types of ghost targets. Based on the indication of the path, the accuracy of the determination of the one or more ghost targets is improved, thereby the sensing performance can be improved.
[0157] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to the sensing target’s LOS / NLOS indicator (e.g., the indication of a path mentioned above) . The sensing target's LOS / NLOS indicator indicates the likelihood of line-of-sight (LOS) or non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions between the sensing transmitter (STx) , target (ST) , and receiver (SRx) . It can be represented as a compound indicator (1 for LOS, 0 for NLOS) , soft indicator (scaled values) , or hard binary indicator (TRUE for LOS, FALSE for NLOS) . The indicator may consist of two fields: one for the link type and the other for LOS / NLOS status, with each path having a separate indicator reported by the receiver.
[0158] At step 802, the first device receives location information comprising a location of each of one or more positioning reference points.
[0159] In some cases, the positioning reference point may be the STx-vTP or the SRx-vTP mentioned above. The positioning reference point can also be represented as an anchor.
[0160] In an implementation, the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the first device, wherein the location information further comprises a location of the second device. In this implementation, the one or more positioning reference points may be one or more SRx-vTPs (may also be referred to as a list of SRx-vTPs or a set of SRx-vTPs) .
[0161] In an implementation, the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the second device. In this implementation, the one or more positioning reference points may be one or more STx-vTPs (may also be referred to as a list of STx-vTPs or a set of STx-vTPs) .
[0162] At step 803, the first device receives a sensing signal from the second device.
[0163] At step 804, the first device transmits a sensing result to the third device. The sensing result is determined based on the assistance information and the location information. In some implementations, the sensing result is transmitted, after the first device obtains the sensing result or determines the sensing result. The sensing result may be determined based on utilizing or processing the assistance information and the location information at the first device.
[0164] In some cases, the first device may transmit at least one of sensing measurements related to the sensing target, a line of position of the sensing target, position information of the sensing target, or an AoA of the received sensing signal, as the sensing result to the third device, so that the third device may process the obtained information from the first device to determine the position information of the sensing target or directly obtain the position information of the sensing target.
[0165] In an example sensing process, the third device may transmit assistance information related to one or more targets to the first device, the third device may transmit location information comprising a location of each of one or more positioning reference points to the first device, the second device may transmit a sensing signal to the first device. After receiving the assistance information, location information, and the sensing signal, the first device may determine a sensing result based on the assistance information and the location information. At the third device side, the third device may receive the sensing result sent from the first device. Since the assistance information is related to one or more targets, the sensing performance can be improved, and the sensing time and latency of the sensing service may be reduced.
[0166] In an implementation, step 804 may include: performing multi-path measurements on the received sensing signal; and transmitting the sensing result related to the sensing target based on the multi-path measurements.
[0167] At the third device side, the third device may receive the sensing result related to the sensing target based on the multi-path measurements. In some cases, due to the environment and the existence of the sensing target, the sensing receiver may receive multiple echoes of the transmitted signals where some of these echoes may create ghost targets, after receiving the multiple echoes of the transmitted signals, the first device may perform multi-path measurements on the received sensing signal based on the, after performing multi-path measurements on the received sensing signal, the first device may transmits the sensing result related to the sensing target based on the multi-path measurements to the third device.
[0168] In an implementation, step 804 may include transmitting sensing measurements related to the sensing target. At the third device side, receiving the sensing result may include: receiving the sensing result related to the sensing target based on multi-path measurements performed on a sensing signal received by the first device. In some cases, after receiving the assistance information, the location information, and the sensing signal, the first device may process the assistance information, the location information, and the sensing signal to obtain the sensing measurements related to the sensing target, and transmit the obtained sensing measurements related to the sensing target to the third device.
[0169] In an implementation, transmitting the sensing measurements may include transmitting a line of position of the sensing target. At the third device side, receiving the sensing result may include receiving sensing measurements related to the sensing target. In some cases, after receiving the line of position of the sensing target, the third device may determine the position information of the sensing target according to the line of position of the sensing target. In this method, the position information of the sensing target is calculated by the third device.
[0170] In an implementation, transmitting the line of position of the sensing target may include performing angle of arrival (AoA) measurements based on the assistance information and the location information. At the third device side, receiving the sensing measurements may include receiving a line of position of the sensing target. In some cases, the first device may perform AoA measurements based on the assistance information and the location information to obtain the line of position of the sensing target. After receiving the line of position of the sensing target, the third device may determine the position information of the sensing target according to the line of position of the sensing target. In this method, the position information of the sensing target is calculated by the third device.
[0171] In an implementation, step 804 may include transmitting position information of the sensing target. At the third device side, receiving the sensing result may include receiving position information of the sensing target. In this method, the first device determines the position information of the sensing target based on the assistance information, the location information, and the sensing signal, and transmit the determined position information of the sensing target to the third device. In this method, the position information of the sensing target is calculated by the first device.
[0172] In an implementation, step 804 may include reporting an AoA of the received sensing signal and the line of position of the sensing target. At the third device side, receiving the sensing result may include receiving an AoA of the received sensing signal and the line of position of the sensing target. In some cases, the first device may determine the AoA of the received sensing signal and the line of position of the sensing target based on the assistance information, the location information, and the sensing signal, and transmit the determined AoA of the received sensing signal and the line of position of the sensing target to the third device. After receiving AoA of the received sensing signal and the line of position of the sensing target, the third device may determine the position information of the sensing target according to AoA of the received sensing signal and the line of position of the sensing target. In this method, the position information of the sensing target is calculated by the third device.
[0173] In an implementation, the line of position of the sensing target may include a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the first device and the location of the second device, and a line of position related to an AoA estimated at the first device. In some cases, at least two lines of position may be needed to position the sensing target. For a possible implementation utilizing or exploiting the component STx-ST-EO-SRx related to a ghost target, one line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the first device and the location of the second device and another line of position related to an AoA estimated at the first device can be utilized to determine the position information of the sensing target. In this method, the sensing performance is improved, the positioning precision of the sensing target is enhanced, and the time synchronization error is minimized by employing AoA measurements, and the location of the STx and the SRx only for the sensing target positioning.
[0174] In an implementation, the line of position of the sensing target may include a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the second device and a location of the first device, and a line of position related to an expected AoA estimated at the first device. In some cases, at least two lines of position may be needed to position the sensing target. For a possible implementation utilizing or exploiting the component STx-EO-ST-SRx related to a ghost target, one line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the second device and a location of the first device and another line of position related to an expected AoA estimated at the first device can be utilized to determine the position information of the sensing target. In this method, the sensing performance is improved, the positioning precision of the sensing target is enhanced, and the time synchronization error is minimized by employing AoA measurements, and the location of the STx and the SRx only for the sensing target positioning.
[0175] FIG. 9 is an illustration of an example process for exploiting the SRx ghost target to determine the position information of a sensing target according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0176] As illustrated in FIG. 9, this embodiment explains the method of exploiting the component (or the link) STx-ST-EO-SRx, and the STx-ST-EO-SRx is a component related to a SRx ghost target. SRx ghost targets are induced by the local SRx environments, i.e., environmental objects proximate the SRx (e.g., the first device mentioned above) . The first bounce is mainly dominated by scattering phenomena, and the RCS may have high impact of the received power of this path. The second bounce at the environment may be dominated by specular reflection, thus a vTP concept may be utilized.
[0177] Since the SRx location (e.g., the location of the first device mentioned above) is known, defining a vTP set (e.g., the one or more positioning reference points mentioned above) for the SRx location may be beneficial in sensing the sensing target, where each (STx, SRx_vTP) pair creates an elliptical line of position (e.g., the line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the first device and the location of the second device mentioned above) for the target as shown in FIG. 9. Estimating AoA (Mirror AoA) at the SRx gives another line of position (e.g., the line of position related to an AoA estimated at the first device mentioned above) for the real / actual target. Then, the intersection of these two lines of position provides the position of the target (e.g., the position information of the sensing target mentioned above) .
[0178] This method in some aspects may be utilized in sensing / positioning one scattering point that is associated with the target. Scattering point are the reflection of the signal from the sensing target, its edge, reflective surfaces, etc. In fact, using the present disclosure, multiple scattering point can be detected in a close vicinity. These scattered points can represent a sensing target.
[0179] In some other aspects, if the target has two or more scattering points, multiple peaks may be observed at the SRx, which makes it difficult to detect, however when relying on the vTP of the SRx, this would provide a more stable position especially as those images of scattering points are mostly from the same AoA.
[0180] [Rectified under Rule 91, 19.03.2025]Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to sharing the SRx_vTP set (e.g., a list of SRx_vTP in following FIGS. 11A and 11B) by the SeMF for enhancing the sensing results of the sensing target.
[0181] FIG. 10 is an illustration of an example process for exploiting the STx ghost target to determine the position information of a sensing target according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0182] As illustrated in FIG. 10, this embodiment covers the ghost target created by the STx (e.g., the second device mentioned above) . STx ghost targets are induced by the local TX environments, i.e., environmental objects around the STx and mainly related to STx-EO-ST-SRx channel components.
[0183] While the second bounce at the target may be dominated by scattering, the first bounce is mainly dominated by reflection on certain environmental objects. For each EOj, the STx or the SeMF (e.g., the third device mentioned above) can calculate AoDj associated with EOj based on coarse target position information and an environmental map (may also be referred as a map of the environment) . Thus, each vTP (e.g., the one or more positioning reference points mentioned above) acts as a new synchronized source of the sensing STx. Then, each (STx_vTP, SRx) pair creates an elliptical line of position (e.g., the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the second device and a location of the first device mentioned above) for the target. Estimating the expected AoAj at the SRx provides another line of position (e.g., the line of position related to an expected AoA estimated at the first device mentioned above) for the real target. The intersection of these two lines of position as shown in FIG. 10 gives the position of the target (e.g., the position information of the sensing target mentioned above) . This may help in sensing / positioning one scattering point that is associated with the target.
[0184] In some aspects, if the target has two or more scattering points, multiple peaks may be observed at the STx, which makes it difficult to detect, however when you rely on the vTP of STx, this would provide a more stable position especially as those images of scattering points are mostly from the same AoA.
[0185] [Rectified under Rule 91, 19.03.2025]In other aspects, the STx_vTP set (e.g., a list of STx_vTPs in FIGS. 12A and 12B) can be shared by the SeMF to the SRx for enhancing the sensing result of the Target UE (i.e., an example of the sensing target) .
[0186] The processing process of the first device is as: The SRx may receive assistance data from the SeMF directly or the STx that helps the SRx identify the type of the ghost target. That is, the SRx may receive assistance data from the SeMF or the STx. The SRx may also receive assistance data related to the locations of the anchor (e.g., the vTP in figures) associated with the sensing STx. In another aspect, the SRx may receive assistance data related to the coarse position of the sensing target.
[0187] The SRx may then perform multipath measurements on the sensing signals. To calculate the line of position, the SRx may perform AoA measurements and identifies the components of target-dependent ghost targets and associates them with the anchor locations. In some cases, finding the anchor locations may help to identify the EO and the potential vTP position for utilizing in the positioning. In some cases, the SRx may identify a component of a target-dependent ghost target, and associates the component of the target-dependent ghost target with the location of the vTP associated with the sensing receiver to determine one or more lines of position. In some cases, the SRx may identify a component of a target-dependent ghost target, and associates the component of the target-dependent ghost target with the location of the vTP associated with the sensing transmitter to determine one or more lines of position.
[0188] Finally, the SRx calculates the lines of position and shares them with the SeMF. In another aspect, the SRx may process to determine the sensing target position and report the final sensing target position to the SeMF.FIGS. 11A and 11B are schematic flowcharts of methods according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate a signaling procedure for the component STx-ST-EO-SRx. In FIG. 11A, the sensing processing for determining the position of the sensing target is performed at the first device side, and in FIG. 11B, the sensing processing for determining the position of the sensing target is performed at the third device side.
[0189] As illustrated in FIG. 11A, in component STx-ST-EO-SRx, the network (NW) node or SeMF 1101 (e.g., the third device mentioned above) shares the list of SRx_vTP locations (e.g., the location of each of one or more positioning reference points mentioned above) and STx locations (e.g., the location of the second device mentioned above) with the SRx 1103 (e.g., the first device mentioned above) along with assistance data (e.g., assistance information related to one or more targets mentioned above) . The assistance data may include indication about the LOS / NLOS (e.g., the indication of a path mentioned above) or a coarse position of the target. After receiving the sensing signal, the SRx measures the AoA along with multipath measurements. In an implementation, the SRx 1103 can directly calculate the lines of position (e.g., a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the first device and the location of the second device, and a line of position related to an AoA estimated at the first device mentioned above) and shares the final position with the NW node or the SeMF 1101. In another implementation as shown in FIG. 11B, the SRx 1103 reports the AoA and elliptical line of position (e.g., a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the first device and the location of the second device mentioned above) to the NW node or the SeMF 1101 and the sensing target information may be processed centrally at NW node or the SeMF 1101.
[0190] FIGS. 12A and 12B are schematic flowcharts of methods according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate a signaling procedure for the component STx-EO-ST-SRx. In FIG. 12A, the sensing processing for determining the position of the sensing target is performed at the first device side, and in FIG. 12B, the sensing processing for determining the position of the sensing target is performed at the third device side. As shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, signaling for component STx-EO-ST-SRx is very similar to the component STx-ST-EO-SRx. However, since the SRx 1203 (e.g., the first device mentioned above) may know its location, the NW node or the SeMF 1201 (e.g., the third device mentioned above) shares only the list of STx_vTP locations (e.g., the location of each of one or more positioning reference points mentioned above) with the SRx 1203 along with assistance data (e.g., assistance information related to one or more targets mentioned above) . The assistance data may include indication about the LOS / NLOS (e.g., the indication of a path mentioned above) or coarse position of the target. After receiving the sensing signal, the SRx 1203 measures the AoA along with multipath measurements. In an implementation, the SRx 1203 can directly calculate the lines of position (e.g., a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the second device and a location of the first device, and a line of position related to an expected AoA estimated at the first device mentioned above) and can share the final position with the NW node or the SeMF 1201. In another implementation, the SRx 1203 reports the AoA and elliptical line of position (e.g., a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the second device and a location of the first device mentioned above) to the NW node or the SeMF 1201 and the sensing target information may be processed centrally at the NW node or SeMF 1201.
[0191] Aspects of the present disclosure provide one or more of the following advantages:The method improves the sensing target detection in both bi-static and multi-static sensing;AoA measurements, and the location of the STx and the SRx only are employed for the sensing target positioning, to minimize timing synchronization errors, thereby reducing the sensing time and latency of the sensing service;Reliability and / or accuracy of sensing results for moving targets are improved, and flexibility for both single-agent and multi-agent sensing is provided;The methods and / or procedures disclosed herein are compatible with both multi-static sensing and mono-static sensing.
[0192] The following description relates to embodiments of products related to the methods.
[0193] FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a first device according to one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 13, the first device 1300 may include:a receiving module 1301, configured to receive assistance information related to one or more targets;the receiving module 1301 is further configured to receive location information comprising a location of each of one or more positioning reference points;the receiving module 1301 is further configured to receive a sensing signal from a second device; anda transmitting module 1302, configured to transmit a sensing result, wherein the sensing result is determined based on the assistance information and the location information.
[0194] In an implementation, the one or more targets comprise a sensing target and wherein the assistance information comprises expected characteristics related to the sensing target.
[0195] In an implementation, the one or more targets comprise one or more ghost targets, wherein the assistance information comprises expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets.
[0196] In an implementation, the assistance information is determined based on at least one of a coarse position of the sensing target, a position of the second device, a position of the first device, or an environmental map.
[0197] In an implementation, the expected characteristics related to the sensing target comprise coarse measurements related to at least one of an angle of arrival (AOA) , an angle of departure (AOD) , a delay, or a power of signals related to the sensing target.
[0198] In an implementation, the expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets comprise coarse measurements related to at least one of an AOA, an AOD, a delay, or a power of signals related to the one or more ghost targets.
[0199] In an implementation, the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the first device, wherein the location information further comprises a location of the second device.
[0200] In an implementation, the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the second device.
[0201] In an implementation, the assistance information comprises an indication of a path related to the one or more ghost targets, wherein the indication comprises at least one of a line-of-sight (LOS) indication or a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) indication, and wherein the indication of the path is used to identify a type of the one or more ghost targets.
[0202] In an implementation, the first device 1300 further includes a processing module 1303, configured to perform multi-path measurements on the received sensing signal; and the transmitting module 1302 is further configured to transmit the sensing result related to the sensing target based on the multi-path measurements.
[0203] In an implementation, the transmitting module 1302 is further configured to transmit sensing measurements related to the sensing target.
[0204] In an implementation, the transmitting module 1302 is further configured to transmit a line of position of the sensing target.
[0205] In an implementation, the processing module 1303 is further configured to perform angle of arrival (AoA) measurements based on the assistance information and the location information.
[0206] In an implementation, transmitting the sensing result comprises transmitting position information of the sensing target.
[0207] In an implementation, the transmitting module 1302 is further configured to report an AoA of the received sensing signal and the line of position of the sensing target.
[0208] In an implementation, the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the first device and the location of the second device, and a line of position related to an AoA estimated at the first device.
[0209] In an implementation, the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the second device and a location of the first device, and a line of position related to an expected AoA estimated at the first device.
[0210] FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a third device according to one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 14, the third device 1400 may include:a transmitting module 1401, configured to transmit assistance information related to one or more targets;the transmitting module 1401 is further configured to transmit location information comprising a location of each of one or more positioning reference points; anda receiving module 1402, configured to receive a sensing result from a first device, wherein the sensing result is determined based on the assistance information and the location information.
[0211] In an implementation, the one or more targets comprise a sensing target and wherein the assistance information comprises expected characteristics related to the sensing target.
[0212] In an implementation, the one or more targets comprise one or more ghost targets, wherein the assistance information comprises expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets.
[0213] In an implementation, the assistance information is determined based on at least one of a coarse position of the sensing target, a position of a second device, a position of the first device, or an environmental map.
[0214] In an implementation, the expected characteristics related to the sensing target comprise coarse measurements related to at least one of an angle of arrival (AOA) , an angle of departure (AOD) , a delay, or a power of signals related to the sensing target.
[0215] In an implementation, the expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets comprise coarse measurements related to at least one of an AOA, an AOD, a delay, or a power of signals related to the one or more ghost targets.
[0216] In an implementation, the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the first device, wherein the location information further comprises a location of the second device.
[0217] In an implementation, the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the second device.
[0218] In an implementation, the assistance information comprises an indication of a path related to the one or more ghost targets, wherein the indication comprises at least one of a line-of-sight (LOS) indication or a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) indication, and wherein the indication is used to identify a type of the one or more ghost targets.
[0219] In an implementation, the receiving module 1402 is further configured to receive the sensing result related to the sensing target based on multi-path measurements performed on a sensing signal received by the first device.
[0220] In an implementation, the receiving module 1402 is further configured to receive sensing measurements related to the sensing target.
[0221] In an implementation, the receiving module 1402 is further configured to receive a line of position of the sensing target.
[0222] In an implementation, the line of position of the sensing target is obtained by performing angle of arrival (AoA) measurements based on the assistance information and the location information.
[0223] In an implementation, the receiving module 1402 is further configured to receive position information of the sensing target.
[0224] In an implementation, the receiving module 1402 is further configured to receive an AoA of the received sensing signal and the line of position of the sensing target.
[0225] In an implementation, the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the first device and the location of the second device, and a line of position related to an AoA estimated at the first device.
[0226] In an implementation, the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the second device and a location of the first device, and a line of position related to an expected AoA estimated at the first device.
[0227] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a communication apparatus including processing circuitry for executing the communication method described above.
[0228] It should be noted that the apparatus in the present disclosure may also be implemented as a device, or one or more component included in a device, such as, a processor or a chip. The device may be user equipment, a terminal, a network device, a network function, a network node, or another network element, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
[0229] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a chip, including an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, where the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to perform any of the above communication methods.
[0230] FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 15, the communication apparatus 1500 includes a processor 1501, an interface 1502 for communicating with other devices, a memory 1503 is coupled to the processor 1501. The memory 1503 may be stored with computer execution instructions, and the processor 1501 executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory 1503 to enable the apparatus to execute any of the above communication methods. In some implementations, the memory 1503 may be included or may not be included in the apparatus.
[0231] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a communication apparatus which includes a processor and a memory. The memory is storing instructions that cause the processor to perform any of the above communication methods.
[0232] It should be noted that the memory in the systems and the methods described in this specification includes but is not limited to these memories and a memory of any other appropriate type.
[0233] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a communication system, including: the first device, the third device and the second device executing any of the above communication methods.
[0234] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium carrying a program code which, when executed by a processor, any of the above communication methods is performed.
[0235] Optionally, the storage medium may be specifically a memory.
[0236] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform any of the above communication methods.
[0237] Note that when the request or the response mentioned above includes multiple different contents for indicating multiple different pieces of information, the multiple contents can be indicated separately in multiple request / response messages or together in a request / response message.
[0238] Note that the network elements mentioned in the present disclosure are all logical network elements, which can be implemented as individual devices, or can be implemented as chips or modules that could be integrated into a certain device.
[0239] Although the present disclosure describes methods and processes with steps in a certain order, one or more steps of the methods and processes may be omitted or altered as appropriate. One or more steps may take place in an order other than that in which they are described, as appropriate.
[0240] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” , “an” and “one” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0241] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of this example embodiment for its intended application.
[0242] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0243] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0244] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0245] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0246] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0247] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the computer or the processor of another programmable data processing device generate an apparatus for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0248] The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0249] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or another programmable device provide steps for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0250] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this application. This application is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0251] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0252] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of the various methods consistent with the present disclosure. Although the present disclosure is described, at least in part, in terms of methods, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the present disclosure is also directed to the various components for performing at least some of the aspects and features of the described methods, be it by way of hardware components, software or any combination of the two. Accordingly, the technical solution of the present disclosure may be embodied in the form of a software product. A suitable software product may be stored in a pre-recorded storage device or other similar non-volatile or non-transitory computer readable medium, including DVDs, CD-ROMs, USB flash disk, a removable hard disk, or other storage media, for example. The software product includes instructions tangibly stored thereon that enable a processing device (e.g., a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute examples of the methods disclosed herein. The machine-executable instructions may be in the form of code sequences, configuration information, or other data, which, when executed, cause a machine (e.g., a processor or other processing device) to perform steps in a method according to examples of the present disclosure.
[0253] The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the subject matter of the claims. The described example embodiments are to be considered in all respects as being only illustrative and not restrictive. Selected features from one or more of the above-described embodiments may be combined to create alternative embodiments not explicitly described, features suitable for such combinations being understood within the scope of this disclosure.
[0254] All values and sub-ranges within disclosed ranges are also disclosed. Also, although the systems, devices and processes disclosed and shown herein may include a specific number of elements / components, the systems, devices and assemblies could be modified to include additional or fewer of such elements / components. For example, although any of the elements / components disclosed may be referenced as being singular, the embodiments disclosed herein could be modified to include a plurality of such elements / components. The subject matter described herein intends to cover and embrace all suitable changes in technology.
[0255] Although embodiments have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, those of skill in the art will appreciate that variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope thereof as defined by the appended claims.
[0256] It should be noted that the different examples may be implemented separately or combined. Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all of them need to be combined to realize the benefits of various examples of the present disclosure. In other words, a system or method designed according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will not necessarily include all of the features shown in any one of the figures or all of the portions schematically shown in the figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example embodiments.
[0257] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0258] Although this disclosure has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other examples of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
Claims
1.A method performed by a first device, the method comprising:receiving assistance information related to one or more targets;receiving location information comprising a location of each of one or more positioning reference points;receiving a sensing signal from a second device; andtransmitting a sensing result, wherein the sensing result is determined based on the assistance information and the location information.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more targets comprise a sensing target and wherein the assistance information comprises expected characteristics related to the sensing target.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more targets comprise one or more ghost targets, wherein the assistance information comprises expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the assistance information is determined based on at least one of a coarse position of the sensing target, a position of the second device, a position of the first device, or an environmental map.5.The method of claim 2, wherein the expected characteristics related to the sensing target comprise coarse measurements related to at least one of an angle of arrival (AOA) , an angle of departure (AOD) , a delay, or a power of signals related to the sensing target.6.The method of claim 3, wherein the expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets comprise coarse measurements related to at least one of an AOA, an AOD, a delay, or a power of signals related to the one or more ghost targets.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the first device, wherein the location information further comprises a location of the second device.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the second device.9.The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the assistance information comprises an indication of a path related to the one or more ghost targets, wherein the indication comprises at least one of a line-of-sight (LOS) indication or a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) indication, and wherein the indication of the path is used to identify a type of the one or more ghost targets.10.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein transmitting the sensing result comprises:performing multi-path measurements on the received sensing signal; andtransmitting the sensing result related to the sensing target based on the multi-path measurements.11.The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein transmitting the sensing result comprises transmitting sensing measurements related to the sensing target.12.The method of claim 11, wherein transmitting the sensing measurements comprises transmitting a line of position of the sensing target.13.The method of claim 12, wherein transmitting the line of position of the sensing target comprises performing angle of arrival (AoA) measurements based on the assistance information and the location information.14.The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein transmitting the sensing result comprises transmitting position information of the sensing target.15.The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein transmitting the sensing result comprises reporting an AoA of the received sensing signal and the line of position of the sensing target.16.The method of any one of claims 12, 13 or 15, wherein the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the first device and the location of the second device, and a line of position related to an AoA estimated at the first device.17.The method of any one of claims 12, 13 or 15, wherein the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the second device and a location of the first device, and a line of position related to an expected AoA estimated at the first device.18.A method performed by a third device, the method comprising:transmitting assistance information related to one or more targets;transmitting location information comprising a location of each of one or more positioning reference points; andreceiving a sensing result from a first device, wherein the sensing result is determined based on the assistance information and the location information.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more targets comprise a sensing target and wherein the assistance information comprises expected characteristics related to the sensing target.20.The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more targets comprise one or more ghost targets, wherein the assistance information comprises expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets.21.The method of any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the assistance information is determined based on at least one of a coarse position of the sensing target, a position of a second device, a position of the first device, or an environmental map.22.The method of claim 19, wherein the expected characteristics related to the sensing target comprise coarse measurements related to at least one of an angle of arrival (AOA) , an angle of departure (AOD) , a delay, or a power of signals related to the sensing target.23.The method of claim 20, wherein the expected characteristics related to the one or more ghost targets comprise coarse measurements related to at least one of an AOA, an AOD, a delay, or a power of signals related to the one or more ghost targets.24.The method of any one of claims 18 to 23, wherein the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the first device, wherein the location information further comprises a location of the second device.25.The method of any one of claims 18 to 23, wherein the one or more positioning reference points are associated with the second device.26.The method of any one of claims 18 to 25, wherein the assistance information comprises an indication of a path related to the one or more ghost targets, wherein the indication comprises at least one of a line-of-sight (LOS) indication or a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) indication, and wherein the indication is used to identify a type of the one or more ghost targets.27.The method of any one of claims 18 to 26, wherein receiving the sensing result comprises:receiving the sensing result related to the sensing target based on multi-path measurements performed on a sensing signal received by the first device.28.The method of any one of claims 18 to 27, wherein receiving the sensing result comprises receiving sensing measurements related to the sensing target.29.The method of claim 28, wherein receiving the sensing measurements comprises receiving a line of position of the sensing target.30.The method of claim 29, wherein the line of position of the sensing target is obtained by performing angle of arrival (AoA) measurements based on the assistance information and the location information.31.The method of any one of claims 18 to 27, wherein receiving the sensing result comprises receiving position information of the sensing target.32.The method of any one of claims 18 to 27, wherein receiving the sensing result comprises receiving an AoA of the received sensing signal and the line of position of the sensing target.33.The method of any one of claims 29, 30 or 32, wherein the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the first device and the location of the second device, and a line of position related to an AoA estimated at the first device.34.The method of any one of claims 29, 30 or 32, wherein the line of position of the sensing target comprises a line of position related to the location of each of one or more positioning reference points associated with the second device and a location of the first device, and a line of position related to an expected AoA estimated at the first device.35.A first device comprising:a receiving module, configured to receive assistance information related to one or more targets;the receiving module is further configured to receive location information comprising a location of each of one or more positioning reference points;the receiving module is further configured to receive a sensing signal from a second device; anda transmitting module, configured to transmit a sensing result, wherein the sensing result is determined based on the assistance information and the location information.36.A third device comprising:a transmitting module, configured to transmit assistance information related to one or more targets;the transmitting module is further configured to transmit location information comprising a location of each of one or more positioning reference points;a receiving module, configured to receive a sensing result, wherein the sensing result is determined based on the assistance information and the location information.37.A first device comprising at least one processor coupled to a memory storing a set of instructions;wherein the at least one processor is configured to read the set of instructions in the memory and execute the method of any one of claims 1 to 17.38.A third device comprising at least one processor coupled to a memory storing a set of instructions;wherein the at least one processor is configured to read the set of instructions in the memory and execute the method of any one of claims 18 to 34.39.A communication system comprising a first device of claim 35 or claim 37, and a third device of claim 36 or claim 38.40.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 34.41.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 34.